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Abulsoud AI, Elshaer SS, Abdelmaksoud NM, Zaki MB, El-Mahdy HA, Ismail A, Al-Noshokaty TM, Fathi D, Abdel-Reheim MA, Mohammed OA, Doghish AS. Investigating the regulatory role of miRNAs as silent conductors in the management of pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance of pancreatic cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154855. [PMID: 37806169 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has the greatest mortality rate of all the main malignancies. Its advanced stage and poor prognosis place it at the bottom of all cancer sites. Hence, emerging biomarkers can enable precision medicine where PC therapy is tailored to each patient. This highlights the need for new, highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for early PC diagnosis. Prognostic indicators are also required to stratify PC patients. To avoid ineffective treatment, adverse events, and expenses, biomarkers are also required for patient monitoring and identifying responders to treatment. There is substantial evidence that microRNAs (miRs, miRNAs) play a critical role in regulating mRNA and, as a consequence, protein expression in normal and malignant tissues. Deregulated miRNA profiling in PC can help with diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognosis. Furthermore, knowledge of the primary effector genes and downstream pathways in PC can help pinpoint potential miRNAs for use in treatment. Different miRNA expression profiles may serve as diagnostic, prognostic markers, and therapeutic targets across the spectrum of malignant pancreatic illness. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been linked to the malignant pathophysiology of PC through affecting many cellular functions such as increasing invasive and proliferative prospect, supporting angiogenesis, cell cycle aberrance, apoptosis elusion, metastasis promotion, and low sensitivity to particular treatments. Accordingly, in the current review, we summarize the recent advances in the roles of oncogenic and tumor suppressor (TS) miRNAs in PC and discuss their potential as worthy diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PC, as well as their significance in PC pathogenesis and anticancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Shereen Saeid Elshaer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr city, Cairo 11823, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M Abdelmaksoud
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Bakr Zaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tohada M Al-Noshokaty
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Doaa Fathi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt.
| | - Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231 Cairo, Egypt.
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Badheeb M, Abdelrahim A, Esmail A, Umoru G, Abboud K, Al-Najjar E, Rasheed G, Alkhulaifawi M, Abudayyeh A, Abdelrahim M. Pancreatic Tumorigenesis: Precursors, Genetic Risk Factors and Screening. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:8693-8719. [PMID: 36421339 PMCID: PMC9689647 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29110686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant and aggressive tumor. Despite medical advancement, the silent nature of PC results in only 20% of all cases considered resectable at the time of diagnosis. It is projected to become the second leading cause in 2030. Most pancreatic cancer cases are diagnosed in the advanced stages. Such cases are typically unresectable and are associated with a 5-year survival of less than 10%. Although there is no guideline consensus regarding recommendations for screening for pancreatic cancer, early detection has been associated with better outcomes. In addition to continued utilization of imaging and conventional tumor markers, clinicians should be aware of novel testing modalities that may be effective for early detection of pancreatic cancer in individuals with high-risk factors. The pathogenesis of PC is not well understood; however, various modifiable and non-modifiable factors have been implicated in pancreatic oncogenesis. PC detection in the earlier stages is associated with better outcomes; nevertheless, most oncological societies do not recommend universal screening as it may result in a high false-positive rate. Therefore, targeted screening for high-risk individuals represents a reasonable option. In this review, we aimed to summarize the pathogenesis, genetic risk factors, high-risk population, and screening modalities for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Badheeb
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Hadhramout University, Mukalla 50512, Yemen
| | | | - Abdullah Esmail
- Section of GI Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (M.A.)
| | - Godsfavour Umoru
- Department of Pharmacy, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Karen Abboud
- Department of Pharmacy, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ebtesam Al-Najjar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Sana’a 15201, Yemen
| | - Ghaith Rasheed
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | | | - Ala Abudayyeh
- Section of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maen Abdelrahim
- Section of GI Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 14853, USA
- Cockrell Center for Advanced Therapeutic Phase I Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (M.A.)
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3
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Andersson R, Haglund C, Seppänen H, Ansari D. Pancreatic cancer - the past, the present, and the future. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:1169-1177. [PMID: 35477331 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2067786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer has been and still is associated with a very poor prognosis. This is due to a lack of major breakthroughs with respect to early diagnosis, prognostication, prediction, as well as novel, targeted therapies. The benefits of surgery and chemotherapy are evident, but the fact that only some 10% of all patients have early, localized disease highlights the unmet need for new early detection methods. An improved understanding of tumor biology and the development of molecular markers detectable both in the circulation and in cancer tissues may underlie the development of new tools for optimizing both diagnosis and treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Review of the literature. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION If we do not improve precision oncology for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the prognosis will still remain dismal and the" burden" on society will increase substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Andersson
- Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Caj Haglund
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Seppänen
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel Ansari
- Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Papadakos SP, Dedes N, Pergaris A, Gazouli M, Theocharis S. Exosomes in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer: A Moonshot to PDAC Treatment? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3620. [PMID: 35408980 PMCID: PMC8998433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) constitutes a leading cause of cancer death globally. Its mortality remains unaltered despite the considerable scientific progress made in the fields of diagnostics and treatment. Exosomes comprise of small extracellular vesicles secreted by nearly all cells; their cargo contains a vast array of biomolecules, such as proteins and microRNAs. It is currently established that their role as messengers is central to a plethora of both physiologic and pathologic processes. Accumulating data have shed light on their contributions to carcinogenesis, metastasis, and immunological response. Meanwhile, the advancement of personalized targeted therapies into everyday clinical practice necessitates the development of cost-efficient treatment approaches. The role of exosomes is currently being extensively investigated towards this direction. This review aims to summarize the current pre-clinical and clinical evidence regarding the effects of exosomal applications in the timely diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic management of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros P. Papadakos
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.P.P.); (N.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Dedes
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.P.P.); (N.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Alexandros Pergaris
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.P.P.); (N.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.P.P.); (N.D.); (A.P.)
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Roacho-Pérez JA, Garza-Treviño EN, Delgado-Gonzalez P, G-Buentello Z, Delgado-Gallegos JL, Chapa-Gonzalez C, Sánchez-Domínguez M, Sánchez-Domínguez CN, Islas JF. Target Nanoparticles against Pancreatic Cancer: Fewer Side Effects in Therapy. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1187. [PMID: 34833063 PMCID: PMC8620707 DOI: 10.3390/life11111187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the most common lethal tumor in America. This lethality is related to limited treatment options. Conventional treatments involve the non-specific use of chemotherapeutical agents such as 5-FU, capecitabine, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, or irinotecan, which produce several side effects. This review focuses on the use of targeted nanoparticles, such as metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, and carbon nanotubes as an alternative to standard treatment for pancreatic cancer. The principal objective of nanoparticles is reduction of the side effects that conventional treatments produce, mostly because of their non-specificity. Several molecular markers of pancreatic cancer cells have been studied to target nanoparticles and improve current treatment. Therefore, properly functionalized nanoparticles with specific aptamers or antibodies can be used to recognize pancreatic cancer cells. Once cancer is recognized, these nanoparticles can attack the tumor by drug delivery, gene therapy, or hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Roacho-Pérez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (J.A.R.-P.); (E.N.G.-T.); (P.D.-G.); (Z.G.-B.); (J.L.D.-G.); (C.N.S.-D.)
| | - Elsa N. Garza-Treviño
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (J.A.R.-P.); (E.N.G.-T.); (P.D.-G.); (Z.G.-B.); (J.L.D.-G.); (C.N.S.-D.)
| | - Paulina Delgado-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (J.A.R.-P.); (E.N.G.-T.); (P.D.-G.); (Z.G.-B.); (J.L.D.-G.); (C.N.S.-D.)
| | - Zuca G-Buentello
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (J.A.R.-P.); (E.N.G.-T.); (P.D.-G.); (Z.G.-B.); (J.L.D.-G.); (C.N.S.-D.)
| | - Juan Luis Delgado-Gallegos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (J.A.R.-P.); (E.N.G.-T.); (P.D.-G.); (Z.G.-B.); (J.L.D.-G.); (C.N.S.-D.)
| | - Christian Chapa-Gonzalez
- Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico;
| | - Margarita Sánchez-Domínguez
- Grupo de Química Coloidal e Interfacial Aplicada a Nanomateriales y Formulaciones, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. (CIMAV, S.C.), Unidad Monterrey, Apodaca 66628, Mexico;
| | - Celia N. Sánchez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (J.A.R.-P.); (E.N.G.-T.); (P.D.-G.); (Z.G.-B.); (J.L.D.-G.); (C.N.S.-D.)
| | - Jose Francisco Islas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (J.A.R.-P.); (E.N.G.-T.); (P.D.-G.); (Z.G.-B.); (J.L.D.-G.); (C.N.S.-D.)
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Alkassis S, Yazdanpanah O, Philip PA. BRCA mutations in pancreatic cancer and progress in their targeting. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:547-557. [PMID: 34289788 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1957462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Genomic instability resulting from DNA damage repair (DDR) deficiencies is a hallmark of cancer and offers treatment opportunities. Homologous recombination DDR defect is a result of multiple critical gene mutations, including BRCA1/2. Targeting DNA DDR defects in pancreatic cancer (PC) is emerging as a potential treatment strategy with current focus on BRCA mutations.Areas covered: Challenges in treating patients with PC are explained. We review DDR defects as a treatment target in PC, specifically, germline BRCA mutation and sensitivity to platinum compounds and exploiting the strategy of synthetic lethality using poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition. Literature review was undertaken through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Clinicaltrials.gov website.Expert opinion: DDR defects are promising targets for novel therapies in PC. Early application of such strategy is in patient subgroup with BRCA germline mutation, which is seen in only 5-7% of the PC population. The oral PARP inhibitor olaparib in the maintenance setting represents the first targeted therapy in metastatic PC based on a phase 3 study. There is a very modest benefit for patients with PC using PARP inhibitors. Future work must improve our understanding of mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to PARP inhibitors in PC and enhance the molecular selection of patients for such therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Alkassis
- Internal Medicine Department, Wayne State University/Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Omid Yazdanpanah
- Internal Medicine Department, Wayne State University/Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Philip Agop Philip
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
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Gupta N, Yelamanchi R. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A review of recent paradigms and advances in epidemiology, clinical diagnosis and management. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:3158-3181. [PMID: 34163104 PMCID: PMC8218366 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i23.3158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the dreaded malignancies for both the patient and the clinician. The five-year survival rate of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDA) is as low as 2% despite multimodality treatment even in the best hands. As per the Global Cancer Observatory of the International Agency for Research in Cancer estimates of pancreatic cancer, by 2040, a 61.7% increase is expected in the total number of cases globally. With the widespread availability of next-generation sequencing, the entire genome of the tumors is being sequenced regularly, providing insight into their pathogenesis. As invasive PDA arises from pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and mucinous neoplasm and intraductal papillary neoplasm, screening for them can be beneficial as the disease is curable with resection at an early stage. Routine preoperative biliary drainage has no role in patients suffering from PDA with obstructive jaundice. If performed, metallic stents are preferred over plastic ones. Minimally invasive procedures are preferred to open procedures as they have less morbidity. The duct-to-mucosa technique for pancreaticojejunostomy is presently widely practiced. The role of intraperitoneal drains after surgery for PDA is controversial. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has been proven to have a significant role both in locally advanced as well as in resectable PDA. Many new regimens and drugs have been added in the arsenal of chemoradiotherapy for metastatic disease. The roles of immunotherapy and gene therapy in PDA are being investigated. This review article is intended to improve the understanding of the readers with respect to the latest updates of PDA, which may help to trigger new research ideas and make better management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Delhi 110001, India
| | - Raghav Yelamanchi
- Department of Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, Delhi 110001, India
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8
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Rahnamay Farnood P, Danesh Pazhooh R, Asemi Z, Yousefi B. DNA damage response and repair in pancreatic cancer development and therapy. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 103:103116. [PMID: 33882393 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is among fatal malignancies, with a dismal prognosis and a low survival rate of 5-10%. In both sporadic and inherited PC, gene alterations, such as BRCA1/2, PALB2, and ATM, can occur frequently. Currently, surgery, chemo- and radio-therapy are the most common therapeutic strategies for treating this cancer. DNA damage response (DDR) establishes multiple pathways that eliminate DNA damage sites to maintain genomic integrity. Various types of cancers and age-related diseases are associated with DDR machinery defects. According to the severity of the damage, DDR pathways respond appropriately to lesions through repairing damage, arresting the cell cycle, or apoptosis. Recently, novel agents, particularly those targeting DDR pathways, are being utilized to improve the response of many cancers to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this paper, we briefly reviewed DDR processes and their components, including DDR sensors, DDR mediators, and DDR transducers in the progression, prognosis, and treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Perkhofer L, Gout J, Roger E, Kude de Almeida F, Baptista Simões C, Wiesmüller L, Seufferlein T, Kleger A. DNA damage repair as a target in pancreatic cancer: state-of-the-art and future perspectives. Gut 2021; 70:606-617. [PMID: 32855305 PMCID: PMC7873425 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Complex rearrangement patterns and mitotic errors are hallmarks of most pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), a disease with dismal prognosis despite some therapeutic advances in recent years. DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) bear the greatest risk of provoking genomic instability, and DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways are crucial in preserving genomic integrity following a plethora of damage types. Two major repair pathways dominate DSB repair for safeguarding the genome integrity: non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination (HR). Defective HR, but also alterations in other DDR pathways, such as BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM and PALB2, occur frequently in both inherited and sporadic PDAC. Personalised treatment of pancreatic cancer is still in its infancy and predictive biomarkers are lacking. DDR deficiency might render a PDAC vulnerable to a potential new therapeutic intervention that increases the DNA damage load beyond a tolerable threshold, as for example, induced by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. The Pancreas Cancer Olaparib Ongoing (POLO) trial, in which olaparib as a maintenance treatment improved progression-free survival compared with placebo after platinum-based induction chemotherapy in patients with PDAC and germline BRCA1/2 mutations, raised great hopes of a substantially improved outcome for this patient subgroup. This review summarises the relationship between DDR and PDAC, the prevalence and characteristics of DNA repair mutations and options for the clinical management of patients with PDAC and DNA repair deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Perkhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johann Gout
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elodie Roger
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Carolina Baptista Simões
- Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar De Lisboa Norte E.P.E. (CHLN), Gastroenterology, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lisa Wiesmüller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Ghidini M, Lampis A, Mirchev MB, Okuducu AF, Ratti M, Valeri N, Hahne JC. Immune-Based Therapies and the Role of Microsatellite Instability in Pancreatic Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:33. [PMID: 33383713 PMCID: PMC7823781 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies with limited treatment options thus resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Among all cancers, with a five-year survival rates of only 2-9%, pancreatic cancer holds the worst prognostic outcome for patients. To improve the overall survival, an earlier diagnosis and stratification of cancer patients for personalized treatment options are urgent needs. A minority of pancreatic cancers belong to the spectrum of Lynch syndrome-associated cancers and are characterized by microsatellite instability (MSI). MSI is a consequence of defective mismatch repair protein functions and it has been well characterized in other gastrointestinal tumors such as colorectal and gastric cancer. In the latter, high levels of MSI are linked to a better prognosis and to an increased benefit to immune-based therapies. Therefore, the same therapies could offer an opportunity of treatment for pancreatic cancer patients with MSI. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about immune-based therapies and MSI in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ghidini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Andrea Lampis
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM25NG, UK; (A.L.); (M.R.); (N.V.)
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM25NG, UK
| | - Milko B. Mirchev
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Medical University, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | | | - Margherita Ratti
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM25NG, UK; (A.L.); (M.R.); (N.V.)
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM25NG, UK
- Medical Department, Division of Oncology, ASST di Cremona, Ospedale di Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Nicola Valeri
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM25NG, UK; (A.L.); (M.R.); (N.V.)
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM25NG, UK
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SM25NG, UK
| | - Jens C. Hahne
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM25NG, UK; (A.L.); (M.R.); (N.V.)
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM25NG, UK
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11
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Use of Biomarkers and Imaging for Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071965. [PMID: 32707720 PMCID: PMC7409286 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, and it is typically diagnosed late, with a poor prognosis. Early detection is the most important underlying factor for improving the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients. One of the most effective strategies for detecting cancers at an early stage is screening of the general population. However, because of the low incidence of pancreatic cancer in the general population, the stratification of subjects who need to undergo further examinations by invasive and expensive modalities is important. Therefore, minimally invasive modalities involving biomarkers and imaging techniques that would facilitate the early detection of pancreatic cancer are highly needed. Multiple types of new blood biomarkers have recently been developed, including unique post-translational modifications of circulating proteins, circulating exosomes, microRNAs, and circulating tumor DNA. We previously reported that circulating apolipoprotein A2 undergoes unique processing in the bloodstream of patients with pancreatic cancer and its precancerous lesions. Additionally, we recently demonstrated a new method for measuring pancreatic proton density in the fat fraction using a fat–water magnetic resonance imaging technique that reflects pancreatic steatosis. In this review, we describe recent developments in potential biomarkers and imaging modalities for the early detection and risk stratification of pancreatic cancer, and we discuss current strategies for implementing screening programs for pancreatic cancer.
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Xie VK, He J, Xie K. Protein arginine methylation promotes therapeutic resistance in human pancreatic cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 55:58-69. [PMID: 32739260 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease with limited treatment options for cure. A high degree of intrinsic and acquired therapeutic resistance may result from cellular alterations in genes and proteins involved in drug transportation and metabolism, or from the influences of cancer microenvironment. Mechanistic basis for therapeutic resistance remains unclear and should profoundly impact our ability to understand pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and its effective clinical management. Recent evidences have indicated the importance of epigenetic changes in pancreatic cancer, including posttranslational modifications of proteins. We will review new knowledge on protein arginine methylation and its consequential contribution to therapeutic resistance of pancreatic cancer, underlying molecular mechanism, and clinical application of potential strategies of its reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Katie Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated to The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated to The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated to The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Al-Majed HT, El-Basmi AA, Al-Mohannadi SH, Govindan R, Rajakumari GB. Pancreatic cancer: Incidence, clinical profile, and frequency of associated factors in Kuwait. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hana T. Al-Majed
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Public Authority of Applied Education and Training (PAAET) , Kuwait
| | - Amani A. El-Basmi
- Kuwait Cancer Control Center (KCCC), Kuwait Kuwait Cancer Control Center (KCCC), Kuwait
| | | | - Rogini Govindan
- Kuwait Cancer Control Center (KCCC), Kuwait Kuwait Cancer Control Center (KCCC), Kuwait
| | - Glory B. Rajakumari
- Kuwait Cancer Control Center (KCCC), Kuwait Kuwait Cancer Control Center (KCCC), Kuwait
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Rawla P, Sunkara T, Gaduputi V. Epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer: Global Trends, Etiology and Risk Factors. World J Oncol 2019; 10:10-27. [PMID: 30834048 PMCID: PMC6396775 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1308] [Impact Index Per Article: 261.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, its toll is higher in more developed countries. Reasons for vast differences in mortality rates of pancreatic cancer are not completely clear yet, but it may be due to lack of appropriate diagnosis, treatment and cataloging of cancer cases. Because patients seldom exhibit symptoms until an advanced stage of the disease, pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal malignant neoplasms that caused 432,242 new deaths in 2018 (GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates). Globally, 458,918 new cases of pancreatic cancer have been reported in 2018, and 355,317 new cases are estimated to occur until 2040. Despite advancements in the detection and management of pancreatic cancer, the 5-year survival rate still stands at 9% only. To date, the causes of pancreatic carcinoma are still insufficiently known, although certain risk factors have been identified, such as tobacco smoking, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dietary factors, alcohol abuse, age, ethnicity, family history and genetic factors, Helicobacter pylori infection, non-O blood group and chronic pancreatitis. In general population, screening of large groups is not considered useful to detect the disease at its early stage, although newer techniques and the screening of tightly targeted groups (especially of those with family history), are being evaluated. Primary prevention is considered of utmost importance. Up-to-date statistics on pancreatic cancer occurrence and outcome along with a better understanding of the etiology and identifying the causative risk factors are essential for the primary prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Rawla
- Department of Internal Medicine, SOVAH Health, Martinsville, VA 24112, USA
| | - Tagore Sunkara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mercy Medical Center, Des Moines, IA 50314, USA
| | - Vinaya Gaduputi
- Division of Gastroenterology, SBH Health System, Bronx, NY, USA
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Pihlak R, Valle JW, McNamara MG. Germline mutations in pancreatic cancer and potential new therapeutic options. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73240-73257. [PMID: 29069866 PMCID: PMC5641209 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to short-lived treatment responses in unresectable disease, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) continues to be one of the deadliest cancers. There is availability of new information about germline and sporadic mutations in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage repair pathway in PDAC in recent decades and the expectation is that novel targeted therapies will thus be developed. A variety of germline mutations (BRCA2, BRCA1, PALB2, CDKN2A, ATM, TP53 and mismatch repair genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6) have been reported in these patients with the highest prevalence being BRCA1/2. Positive results have been reported with the use of targeted therapies, particularly poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in BRCA-mutated ovarian and breast cancers, and their use is currently being investigated in germline-mutated pancreatic cancer. The aim of this review is to provide an outline of germline DNA damage repair mutations in pancreatic cancer and their effect on the incidence, outcomes and responses to different therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rille Pihlak
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Juan W Valle
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mairéad G McNamara
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Lv XP. Gastrointestinal tract cancers: Genetics, heritability and germ line mutations. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1499-1508. [PMID: 28454282 PMCID: PMC5403708 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers that arise due to genetic mutations affect a large number of individuals worldwide. Even though many of the GI tract cancers arise sporadically, few of these GI tract cancers harboring a hereditary predisposition are now recognized and well characterized. These include Cowden syndrome, MUTYH-associated polyposis, hereditary pancreatic cancer, Lynch syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), attenuated FAP, serrated polyposis syndrome, and hereditary gastric cancer. Molecular characterization of the genes that are involved in these syndromes was useful in the development of genetic testing for diagnosis and also facilitated understanding of the genetic basis of GI cancers. Current knowledge on the genetics of GI cancers with emphasis on heritability and germ line mutations forms the basis of the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Lv
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
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Ilic M, Ilic I. Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:9694-9705. [PMID: 27956793 PMCID: PMC5124974 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i44.9694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 877] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer of the pancreas remains one of the deadliest cancer types. Based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates, pancreatic cancer causes more than 331000 deaths per year, ranking as the seventh leading cause of cancer death in both sexes together. Globally, about 338000 people had pancreatic cancer in 2012, making it the 11th most common cancer. The highest incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer are found in developed countries. Trends for pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality varied considerably in the world. A known cause of pancreatic cancer is tobacco smoking. This risk factor is likely to explain some of the international variations and gender differences. The overall five-year survival rate is about 6% (ranges from 2% to 9%), but this vary very small between developed and developing countries. To date, the causes of pancreatic cancer are still insufficiently known, although certain risk factors have been identified, such as smoking, obesity, genetics, diabetes, diet, inactivity. There are no current screening recommendations for pancreatic cancer, so primary prevention is of utmost importance. A better understanding of the etiology and identifying the risk factors is essential for the primary prevention of this disease.
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Camara SN, Yin T, Yang M, Li X, Gong Q, Zhou J, Zhao G, Yang ZY, Aroun T, Kuete M, Ramdany S, Camara AK, Diallo AT, Feng Z, Ning X, Xiong JX, Tao J, Qin Q, Zhou W, Cui J, Huang M, Guo Y, Gou SM, Wang B, Liu T, Olivier OET, Conde T, Cisse M, Magassouba AS, Ballah S, Keita NLM, Souare IS, Toure A, Traore S, Balde AK, Keita N, Camara ND, Emmanuel D, Wu HS, Wang CY. High risk factors of pancreatic carcinoma. JOURNAL OF HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUA ZHONG KE JI DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE YING DE WEN BAN = HUAZHONG KEJI DAXUE XUEBAO. YIXUE YINGDEWEN BAN 2016; 36:295-304. [PMID: 27376795 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-016-1583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, cancer has become one of the toughest challenges for health professionals. The epidemiologists are increasingly directing their research efforts on various malignant tumor worldwide. Of note, incidence of cancers is on the rise more quickly in developed countries. Indeed, great endeavors have to be made in the control of the life-threatening disease. As we know it, pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant disease with the worst prognosis. While little is known about the etiology of the PC and measures to prevent the condition, so far, a number of risk factors have been identified. Genetic factors, pre-malignant lesions, predisposing diseases and exogenous factors have been found to be linked to PC. Genetic susceptibility was observed in 10% of PC cases, including inherited PC syndromes and familial PC. However, in the remaining 90%, their PC might be caused by genetic factors in combination with environmental factors. Nonetheless, the exact mechanism of the two kinds of factors, endogenous and exogenous, working together to cause PC remains poorly understood. The fact that most pancreatic neoplasms are diagnosed at an incurable stage of the disease highlights the need to identify risk factors and to understand their contribution to carcinogenesis. This article reviews the high risk factors contributing to the development of PC, to provide information for clinicians and epidemiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soriba Naby Camara
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qiong Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tajoo Aroun
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Martin Kuete
- Department of Planning Family and Reproductive Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Sonam Ramdany
- Department of General Medicine, Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam National Hospital of Pamplemousses, Mauritius, 21017, Mauritius
| | | | - Aissatou Taran Diallo
- Department of General Surgery, National Hospital of Ignace Deen, Conakry, 1147, Guinea
| | - Zhen Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xin Ning
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiong-Xin Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qi Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shan-Miao Gou
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ohoya Etsaka Terence Olivier
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tenin Conde
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital of Donka, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Mohamed Cisse
- Department of Dermatology, National Hospital of Donka, Conakry, Guinea
| | | | - Sneha Ballah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Naby Laye Moussa Keita
- Department of Biochemistry, University Gamal Abdel Nasser of Conakry, Conakry, 1147, Guinea
| | - Ibrahima Sory Souare
- Department of Neurosurgery, Friendship Hospital Sino-Guinea of Kipe, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Aboubacar Toure
- Department of General Surgery, National Hospital of Ignace Deen, Conakry, 1147, Guinea
| | - Sadamoudou Traore
- Department of Medical Imaging, Good Shepherd Medical Center, The University of Texas, Longview, 75601, USA
| | | | - Namory Keita
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, National Hospital of Donka, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Naby Daouda Camara
- Department of General Surgery, National Hospital of Ignace Deen, Conakry, 1147, Guinea
| | - Dusabe Emmanuel
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - He-Shui Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chun-You Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Falco A, Rosati A, Festa M, Basile A, De Marco M, d'Avenia M, Pascale M, Dal Piaz F, Tavano F, Di Mola FF, di Sebastiano P, Berloco PB, Nudo F, Caraglia M, Febbraro A, Barcaroli D, Scarpa A, Pezzilli R, De Laurenzi V, Turco MC. BAG3 is a novel serum biomarker for pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Am J Gastroenterol 2013; 108:1178-80. [PMID: 23821002 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2013.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES A risk association has been observed between non-O blood groups and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Chronic pancreatitis also increases risk for pancreatic cancer, raising questions as to whether non-O blood groups are a risk for chronic pancreatitis and whether the pathophysiologic pathways are linked. Our goal was to determine whether ABO blood group may affect the risk of chronic pancreatitis. METHODS The study cohort included chronic pancreatitis patients (n = 499) and healthy controls (n = 631) from the North American Pancreatitis Study 2 study. Genotyping was performed using Sequenom assay of rs8176746 A/C and rs505922 C/T to classify participants into ABO blood groups. RESULTS O blood group was nonsignificantly more common among cases (44.7% vs 42.0%; P = 0.36), particularly among cases with alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis (49.3% vs 42%; P = 0.060). Alcoholic patients without coexisting high-risk PRSS1, CFTR, or SPINK1 variants had a significant overrepresentation of O blood type when compared with controls (odds ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-2.17; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS A, B, and AB blood groups were not associated with a greater likelihood of having chronic pancreatitis and may decrease the risk of chronic pancreatitis in individuals who are very heavy drinkers. These results suggest that the mechanism linking non-O blood type with pancreatic pathology is specific to carcinogenesis.
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Abstract
There is an increasing recognition of the importance of genetic and familial cancer syndromes in routine clinical practice. Although most of gastrointestinal cancers are sporadic, a number of important cancer predisposition syndromes are now recognized and well characterized. In this review, we discuss some of the basic principles of clinical cancer genetics and clinically relevant aspects of the more common gastrointestinal cancer syndromes from the perspective of practicing radiation oncologists.
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Diergaarde B, Brand R, Lamb J, Cheong SY, Stello K, Barmada MM, Feingold E, Whitcomb DC. Pooling-based genome-wide association study implicates gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 (GGT1) gene in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Pancreatology 2010; 10:194-200. [PMID: 20484958 PMCID: PMC2899150 DOI: 10.1159/000236023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Knowledge regarding genetic factors that influence pancreatic cancer risk is currently limited. To identify novel pancreatic cancer susceptibility loci, we conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study. METHODS The Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 and DNA pooling were used in the screening stage. Twenty-six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for follow-up. These 26 lead SNPs and additionally selected tagSNPs for the regions around the lead SNPs were evaluated by individual genotyping of the pooling population and an independent validation population. RESULTS Of the lead SNPs, the strongest association was found with rs4820599 located in the gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 (GGT1) gene. This SNP was significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk in the validation population and the combined dataset (p(allele-based) = 0.019 and p(allele-based) = 0.003, respectively). Statistically significant associations were also observed with two GGT1 tagSNPs: rs2017869 and rs8135987. Lead SNP rs4820599 is in high linkage disequilibrium (LD; pairwise r(2): 0.69) and tagSNP rs2017869 is in strong LD (pairwise r(2): 0.96) with SNP rs5751901, which has been reported to be associated with increased GGT1 serum levels. GGT is expressed in the pancreas and plays a key role in glutathione metabolism. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that common variation in the GGT1 gene may affect the risk of pancreatic cancer. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Diergaarde
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pa., USA
| | - Randall Brand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pa., USA
| | - Janette Lamb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pa., USA
| | - Soo Yeon Cheong
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA
| | - Kim Stello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pa., USA
| | - M. Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA
| | - David C. Whitcomb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pa., USA,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA,*David C. Whitcomb, MD, PhD, UPMC Presbyterian, M2 C Wing, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (USA), Tel. +1 412 648 9604, Fax +1 412 383 7236, E-Mail
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis and is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, which makes it difficult to treat. The low survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer points towards an increased need for novel therapeutic and chemopreventive strategies and also early detection of this disease. Increased consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer. Synthetic and natural, diet-derived bioactive compounds have been evaluated as pancreatic cancer chemopreventive agents and have demonstrated various degrees of efficacy in cellular and in vivo animal models. Some chemopreventive agents (for example, curcumin or resveratrol) have also been reported to sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to standard chemotherapeutic drugs (for example, gemcitabine or erlotinib), which suggests that chemopreventive agents could potentially be used as potentiators of standard chemotherapy. Few clinical trials of pancreatic cancer chemopreventive agents have been completed and some are in early phases. Further development of pancreatic cancer chemopreventive agents may prove to be tremendously valuable for individuals at high risk of developing pancreatic cancer and patients who present with premalignant lesions. This Review discusses the current state of the pancreatic cancer chemoprevention field and highlights the challenges ahead.
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Sedov V, Poplin E. The way forward in treating pancreatic cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2010; 2:157-60. [PMID: 21789131 DOI: 10.1177/1758834010366254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy Sedov
- Fellow Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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25
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Recomendaciones para el diagnóstico, la estadificación y el tratamiento del cáncer de páncreas (parte I). Med Clin (Barc) 2010; 134:643-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2009.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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26
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Smith LM, Sharif S, Brand R, Fink E, Lamb J, Whitcomb DC. MUTYH exon 7 and 13 mutations associated with colorectal cancer (MAP syndrome) are not commonly associated with sporadic pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2010; 9:793-6. [PMID: 20110747 DOI: 10.1159/000199440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biallelic MUTYH exon 7 and 13 mutations are associated with a high frequency of somatic K-ras gene guanine to thymine transversion mutations at codon 12 position 1 in MUTYH-associated polyposis patients who have increased risk of colon cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine if a similar association exists between exon 7 and 13 MUTYH mutations and pancreatic cancer. METHODS Genomic DNA samples from 140 patients with pancreatic cancer and 107 controls were sequenced and analyzed for mutations in each of MUTYH exons 7 and 13. RESULTS Two patients with pancreatic cancer were identified as heterozygous for a MUTYH Y165C germline mutation. One pancreatic cancer patient was heterozygous for a G382D mutation and an additional patient was heterozygous for a novel missense mutation, L406M. No biallelic mutations were identified in pancreatic cancer or control subjects. CONCLUSION Despite their association with somatic K-ras mutations and an increased risk of colorectal cancer in MUTYH-associated polyposis patients, MUTYH exon 7 and 13 mutations were not associated with pancreatic cancer in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Smith
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA
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Hiripi E, Lorenzo Bermejo J, Li X, Sundquist J, Hemminki K. Familial association of pancreatic cancer with other malignancies in Swedish families. Br J Cancer 2009; 101:1792-7. [PMID: 19826425 PMCID: PMC2778532 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to characterise the familial association of pancreatic cancer with other malignancies. Methods: Relative risks (RRs) of pancreatic cancer according to family history of cancer were calculated using the updated Swedish Family-Cancer Database, which includes over 11.5 million individuals. Estimates were based on Poisson regression. RRs of tumours for individuals with a parental history of pancreatic cancer were also estimated. Results: The risk of pancreatic cancer was elevated in individuals with a parental history of cancers of the liver (RR 1.41; 95% CI 1.10–1.81), kidney (RR 1.37; 95% CI 1.06–1.76), lung (RR 1.50; 95% CI 1.27–1.79) and larynx (RR 1.98; 95% CI 1.19–3.28). Associations were also found between parental history of pancreatic cancer and cancers of the small intestine, colon, breast, lung, testis and cervix in offspring. There was an increased risk of pancreatic cancer associated with early-onset breast cancer in siblings. Conclusion: Pancreatic cancer aggregates in families with several types of cancer. Smoking may contribute to the familial aggregation of pancreatic and lung tumours, and the familial clustering of pancreatic and breast cancer could be partially explained by inherited mutations in the BRCA2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hiripi
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Germany.
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an extraordinarily deadly disease and is responsible for over 220,000 deaths worldwide each year. One of the greatest risk factors for developing pancreatic cancer is a positive family history. Hereditary pancreatitis patients have a greatly elevated pancreatic cancer risk and individuals with cystic fibrosis may rarely develop this cancer, but often at very young ages. Various genetically linked cancer syndromes have been associated with pancreatic cancer in mutation-positive family members. Finally, familial pancreatic cancer-defined as families with two or more first-degree relatives who have pancreatic cancer but do not have a known cancer syndrome-is a known entity whose disease-causing mutation remains unidentified. This article describes research to date on hereditary pancreatic cancer, addresses how best clinicians should recognise hereditary forms of pancreatic cancer and explains the emotional burden of discovering a potentially lethal mutation. Many controversies and unanswered questions in hereditary pancreatic cancer remain.
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Patel KK, Babyatsky MW. Medical education: a key partner in realizing personalized medicine in gastroenterology. Gastroenterology 2008; 134:656-61. [PMID: 18325381 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalpesh K Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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