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Inchingolo F, Inchingolo AM, Piras F, Ferrante L, Mancini A, Palermo A, Inchingolo AD, Dipalma G. The interaction between gut microbiome and bone health. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2024; 31:122-130. [PMID: 38587099 PMCID: PMC11062616 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review critically examines interconnected health domains like gut microbiome, bone health, interleukins, chronic periodontitis, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), offering insights into fundamental mechanisms and clinical implications, contributing significantly to healthcare and biomedical research. RECENT FINDINGS This review explores the relationship between gut microbiome and bone health, a growing area of study. It provides insights into skeletal integrity and potential therapeutic avenues. The review also examines interleukins, chronic periodontitis, and COVID-19, highlighting the complexity of viral susceptibility and immune responses. It highlights the importance of understanding genetic predispositions and immune dynamics in the context of disease outcomes. The review emphasizes experimental evidence and therapeutic strategies, aligning with evidence-based medicine and personalized interventions. This approach offers actionable insights for healthcare practitioners and researchers, paving the way for targeted therapeutic approaches and improved patient outcomes. SUMMARY The implications of these findings for clinical practice and research underscore the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to healthcare that considers the complex interactions between genetics, immune responses, oral health, and systemic diseases. By leveraging advances in biomedical research, clinicians can optimize patient care and improve health outcomes across diverse patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Piras
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Ferrante
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Mancini
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
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2
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Reuben RC, Torres C. Bacteriocins: potentials and prospects in health and agrifood systems. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:233. [PMID: 38662051 PMCID: PMC11045635 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03948-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are highly diverse, abundant, and heterogeneous antimicrobial peptides that are ribosomally synthesized by bacteria and archaea. Since their discovery about a century ago, there has been a growing interest in bacteriocin research and applications. This is mainly due to their high antimicrobial properties, narrow or broad spectrum of activity, specificity, low cytotoxicity, and stability. Though initially used to improve food quality and safety, bacteriocins are now globally exploited for innovative applications in human, animal, and food systems as sustainable alternatives to antibiotics. Bacteriocins have the potential to beneficially modulate microbiota, providing viable microbiome-based solutions for the treatment, management, and non-invasive bio-diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious diseases. The use of bacteriocins holds great promise in the modulation of food microbiomes, antimicrobial food packaging, bio-sanitizers and antibiofilm, pre/post-harvest biocontrol, functional food, growth promotion, and sustainable aquaculture. This can undoubtedly improve food security, safety, and quality globally. This review highlights the current trends in bacteriocin research, especially the increasing research outputs and funding, which we believe may proportionate the soaring global interest in bacteriocins. The use of cutting-edge technologies, such as bioengineering, can further enhance the exploitation of bacteriocins for innovative applications in human, animal, and food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rine Christopher Reuben
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
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Virk MS, Virk MA, He Y, Tufail T, Gul M, Qayum A, Rehman A, Rashid A, Ekumah JN, Han X, Wang J, Ren X. The Anti-Inflammatory and Curative Exponent of Probiotics: A Comprehensive and Authentic Ingredient for the Sustained Functioning of Major Human Organs. Nutrients 2024; 16:546. [PMID: 38398870 PMCID: PMC10893534 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Several billion microorganisms reside in the gastrointestinal lumen, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Among them, probiotics were primarily used to cure digestive disorders such as intestinal infections and diarrhea; however, with a paradigm shift towards alleviating health through food, their importance is large. Moreover, recent studies have changed the perspective that probiotics prevent numerous ailments in the major organs. Probiotics primarily produce biologically active compounds targeting discommodious pathogens. This review demonstrates the implications of using probiotics from different genres to prevent and alleviate ailments in the primary human organs. The findings reveal that probiotics immediately activate anti-inflammatory mechanisms by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-11, and IL-13, and hindering pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α by involving regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper cells (Th cells). Several strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium breve have been listed among the probiotics that are excellent in alleviating various simple to complex ailments. Therefore, the importance of probiotics necessitates robust research to unveil the implications of probiotics, including the potency of strains, the optimal dosages, the combination of probiotics, their habitat in the host, the host response, and other pertinent factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Safiullah Virk
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | | | - Yufeng He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mehak Gul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayum
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Abdur Rehman
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Arif Rashid
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - John-Nelson Ekumah
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Xu Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Junxia Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Xiaofeng Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Choudhary P, Kraatz HB, Lévesque CM, Gong SG. Microencapsulation of Probiotic Streptococcus salivarius LAB813. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:12011-12018. [PMID: 37033842 PMCID: PMC10077535 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are living microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts. Streptococcus salivarius, a commensal bacterium found in the oral cavity, has been shown to secrete antimicrobial peptides and can be used as probiotics. This study aimed to develop a delivery system for the probiotic LAB813, a novel S. salivarius strain first identified in the laboratory. Probiotics can be delivered and protected through the encapsulation of biomaterials such as polysaccharides. Their biocompatibility, biodegradability, user-friendliness, and ease of access make polysaccharides useful for encapsulating probiotics. Alginate (Alg) and chitosan (Ch) are naturally obtained polysaccharides and, hence, tested for LAB813 encapsulation. An extrusion method of encapsulation was performed to form Alg microcapsules (Alg-LAB813), some of which were coated with Ch (Alg-LAB813-Ch) to provide dual-layered protection. Inhibitory assays of the Alg-LAB813 and Alg-LAB813-Ch microcapsules were assayed against an indicator strain. Alg-LAB813-Ch microcapsules showed superior antibacterial properties compared to Alg-LAB813 microcapsules over 24 h and when subject to temperatures ranging from 4 to 68 °C. In addition, Alg-LAB813-Ch microcapsules retained antibacterial activity for up to 28 days of storage at 4 °C. The strong and sustained inhibitory activities of Ch-coated Alg encapsulated LAB813 signify the potential for their use to improve oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz
- Department
of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Céline M. Lévesque
- Faculty
of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Siew-Ging Gong
- Faculty
of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada
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Homayouni Rad A, Pourjafar H, Mirzakhani E. A comprehensive review of the application of probiotics and postbiotics in oral health. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1120995. [PMID: 36968114 PMCID: PMC10031100 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1120995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases are among the most common diseases around the world that people usually suffer from during their lifetime. Tooth decay is a multifactorial disease, and the composition of oral microbiota is a critical factor in its development. Also, Streptococcus mutans is considered the most important caries-causing species. It is expected that probiotics, as they adjust the intestinal microbiota and reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria in the human intestine, can exert their health-giving effects, especially the anti-pathogenic effect, in the oral cavity, which is part of the human gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted on the role of probiotics in the prevention of tooth decay. In this review, while investigating the effect of different strains of probiotics Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria on oral diseases, including dental caries, candida yeast infections, periodontal diseases, and halitosis, we have also discussed postbiotics as novel non-living biological compounds derived from probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Homayouni Rad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Pourjafar
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- *Correspondence: Esmaeel Mirzakhani, ; Hadi Pourjafar,
| | - Esmaeel Mirzakhani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Esmaeel Mirzakhani, ; Hadi Pourjafar,
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Inchingolo AD, Malcangi G, Semjonova A, Inchingolo AM, Patano A, Coloccia G, Ceci S, Marinelli G, Di Pede C, Ciocia AM, Mancini A, Palmieri G, Barile G, Settanni V, De Leonardis N, Rapone B, Piras F, Viapiano F, Cardarelli F, Nucci L, Bordea IR, Scarano A, Lorusso F, Palermo A, Costa S, Tartaglia GM, Corriero A, Brienza N, Di Venere D, Inchingolo F, Dipalma G. Oralbiotica/Oralbiotics: The Impact of Oral Microbiota on Dental Health and Demineralization: A Systematic Review of the Literature. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1014. [PMID: 35883998 PMCID: PMC9323959 DOI: 10.3390/children9071014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The oral microbiota plays a vital role in the human microbiome and oral health. Imbalances between microbes and their hosts can lead to oral and systemic disorders such as diabetes or cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this review is to investigate the literature evidence of oral microbiota dysbiosis on oral health and discuss current knowledge and emerging mechanisms governing oral polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis; both have enhanced our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and aided the design of innovative therapeutic approaches as ORALBIOTICA for oral diseases such as demineralization. PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBEDDED, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source via EBSCO, APA PsycINFO, APA PsyArticles, and DRUGS@FDA were searched for publications that matched our topic from January 2017 to 22 April 2022, with an English language constraint using the following Boolean keywords: ("microbio*" and "demineralization*") AND ("oral microbiota" and "demineralization"). Twenty-two studies were included for qualitative analysis. As seen by the studies included in this review, the balance of the microbiota is unstable and influenced by oral hygiene, the presence of orthodontic devices in the oral cavity and poor eating habits that can modify its composition and behavior in both positive and negative ways, increasing the development of demineralization, caries processes, and periodontal disease. Under conditions of dysbiosis, favored by an acidic environment, the reproduction of specific bacterial strains increases, favoring cariogenic ones such as Bifidobacterium dentium, Bifidobacterium longum, and S. mutans, than S. salivarius and A. viscosus, and increasing of Firmicutes strains to the disadvantage of Bacteroidetes. Microbial balance can be restored by using probiotics and prebiotics to manage and treat oral diseases, as evidenced by mouthwashes or dietary modifications that can influence microbiota balance and prevent or slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Giuseppina Malcangi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Alexandra Semjonova
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Angelo Michele Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Assunta Patano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Giovanni Coloccia
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Sabino Ceci
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Grazia Marinelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Chiara Di Pede
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Anna Maria Ciocia
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Antonio Mancini
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Giulia Palmieri
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Barile
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Vito Settanni
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Nicole De Leonardis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Biagio Rapone
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Fabio Piras
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Fabio Viapiano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Filippo Cardarelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Ludovica Nucci
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 6, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Ioana Roxana Bordea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Andrea Palermo
- Implant Dentistry College of Medicine and Dentistry Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B46BN, UK;
| | - Stefania Costa
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Corriero
- Unit of Anesthesia and Resuscitation, Department of Emergencies and Organ Transplantations, Aldo Moro University, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicola Brienza
- Unit of Anesthesia and Resuscitation, Department of Emergencies and Organ Transplantations, Aldo Moro University, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Daniela Di Venere
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (A.M.I.); (A.P.); (G.C.); (S.C.); (G.M.); (C.D.P.); (A.M.C.); (A.M.); (G.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (N.D.L.); (B.R.); (F.P.); (F.V.); (F.C.); (D.D.V.); (G.D.)
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Cell-free supernatant of Streptococcus salivarius M18 impairs the pathogenic properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:2825-2840. [PMID: 32747998 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
M18 strain of Streptococcus salivarius is a bacterial replacement probiotic that has been suggested for use in the oral cavity. Here, we have shown that S. salivarius M18 cell-free supernatant reduced the growth of the two most common human pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia and sensitized the pathogenic bacteria to antibiotic. Besides, the supernatant inhibited biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa drastically. For pinpointing the biomolecular changes that occurred in P. aeruginosa incubated with the probiotic supernatant, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used. Unsupervised learning algorithms, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and intensity analyses of individual spectral bands exhibited comprehensive alterations in the polysaccharide and lipid contents and compositions of P. aeruginosa cultivated with S. salivarius M18 cell-free supernatant. These results indicate that S. salivarius M18 has the potential for the prevention or alleviation of different pathogen-induced infections along with the infections of oral pathogens.
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8
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Hadj-Hamou R, Senok AC, Athanasiou AE, Kaklamanos EG. Do probiotics promote oral health during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances? A systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:126. [PMID: 32334590 PMCID: PMC7183645 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances has been associated with significant biofilm accumulation, thus putting patients at a higher risk of oral health deterioration. The use of probiotics has been proposed to be useful in the prevention or treatment of oral pathologies such as caries and diseases of periodontal tissues. Our aim was to investigate the effects of probiotic use on inflammation of the gingival tissues and the decalcification of the enamel in patients being treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. METHODS We searched without restrictions 8 databases and performed hand searching until September 2019. We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating whether individuals with fixed orthodontic appliances benefit from probiotic treatment in terms of the inflammation of the gingivae and decalcification of the enamel. Following the selection of studies and the extraction of pertinent data, we appraised the risk of bias and the confidence in the observed effects based on established methodologies. RESULTS From the final qualifying studies, three did not show any statistically significant effect on gingival inflammation after probiotic administration of up to 1 month. Similarly, non-significant differences were noted in another study regarding white spot lesions development (mean administration for 17 months). No adverse effects were reported and the level of evidence was considered moderate. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of orthodontic patients with probiotics did not affect the development of inflammation in the gingivae and decalcification in the enamel. Additional RCTs, with longer intervention and follow-up periods, and involving different combinations of probiotic strains are required. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42018118008).
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham Hadj-Hamou
- Specialist Orthodontist, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; formerly Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abiola C Senok
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Eleftherios G Kaklamanos
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine (HBMCDM), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Building 34, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
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9
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Kaklamanos EG, Nassar R, Kalfas S, Al Halabi M, Kowash M, Hannawi H, Hussein I, Salami A, Hassan A, Senok AC. A single-centre investigator-blinded randomised parallel group clinical trial to investigate the effect of probiotic strains Streptococcus salivarius M18 and Lactobacillus acidophilus on gingival health of paediatric patients undergoing treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances: study protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030638. [PMID: 31501124 PMCID: PMC6738688 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited data on the beneficial effects of probiotics on the gingival health of patients undergoing treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. This study aims to compare the effect of probiotic tablets combined with regular oral hygiene versus regular oral hygiene alone on gingival status in these patients. The effect of probiotic intake on plaque formation and salivary microbiome composition will be also assessed. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a 3 month single-centre, single blind (clinical and laboratory examiners), parallel group randomised controlled two arm superiority trial. Fifty paediatric patients attending the Postgraduate Orthodontic Clinic at the Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine (HBMCDM), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU), Dubai, United Arab Emirates, who meet the eligibility criteria will be recruited. Block randomisation with 1:1 allocation and concealment of allocation will be carried out. The treatment group will receive probiotic tablets containing Streptococcus salivarius M18 and Lactobacillus acidophilus together with regular oral hygiene versus the control group on regular oral hygiene alone. Clinical examination and collection of saliva for microbiome assay will be carried out at baseline and end of study. Self-reporting by patients will be used to document acceptability and adverse effects. Statistically significant decrease in gingival bleeding on probing in the treatment group will be classified as primary outcome of treatment success. Statistically significant reduction in Plaque Index, Gingival Index and shift in the composition of the oral microbiome in favour of beneficial bacteria are secondary outcomes indicative of efficacy of probiotic intake. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval for the study has been granted by the HBMCDM, MBRU, Institutional Review Board (Reference #: MBRU-IRB-2018-015). Study findings will be disseminated via publication in peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN95085398.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios G Kaklamanos
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rania Nassar
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sotirios Kalfas
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Manal Al Halabi
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mawlood Kowash
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haifa Hannawi
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iyad Hussein
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anas Salami
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ammar Hassan
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abiola C Senok
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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10
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Lee ES, Song EJ, Nam YD, Lee SY. Probiotics in human health and disease: from nutribiotics to pharmabiotics. J Microbiol 2018; 56:773-782. [PMID: 30353462 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-8293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are the most useful tools for balancing the gut microbiota and thereby influencing human health and disease. Probiotics have a range of effects, from those on nutritional status to medical conditions throughout the body from the gut to non-intestinal body sites such as the brain and skin. Research interest in probiotics with nutritive claims (categorized as nutribiotics) has evolved into interest in therapeutic and pharmacological probiotics with health claims (pharmabiotics). The concept of pharmabiotics emerged only two decades ago, and the new categorization of probiotics to nutribiotics and pharmabiotics was recently suggested, which are under the different regulation depending on that they are food or drug. Information of the gut microbiome has been continuously accumulating, which will make possible the gut microbiome-based healthcare in the future, when nutribiotics show potential for maintaining health while pharmabiotics are effective therapeutic tools for human diseases. This review describes the current understanding in the conceptualization and classification of probiotics. Here, we reviewed probiotics as nutribiotics with nutritional functions and pharmabiotics with pharmaceutic functions in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sook Lee
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Song
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Do Nam
- Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea. .,Research Group of Natural Materials and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Probiotics for managing caries and periodontitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2016; 48:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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12
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Wescombe PA, Heng NCK, Burton JP, Tagg JR. Something Old and Something New: An Update on the Amazing Repertoire of Bacteriocins Produced by Streptococcus salivarius. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 2:37-45. [PMID: 26780899 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-009-9026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus salivarius has an exclusive and intimate association with humans. We are its sole natural host, and its contribution to the relationship appears overwhelmingly benevolent. Beautifully adapted to its preferred habitat, the human tongue, it only rarely ventures far from this location in the healthy host and indeed appears ill-equipped to become invasive due to a scarcity of virulence attributes. We consider that its strategically advantageous lingual location and numerical predominance allow S. salivarius to carry out a population surveillance and modulation role within the oral microbiota. Some strains are armed with complex arrays of targeted antibiotic weaponry, much of which belongs to the lantibiotic class of bacteriocins and a key to their ability to assemble and utilize this armament is their possession of transmissible multi-bacteriocin-encoding megaplasmid DNA. This review traces the origins of research into S. salivarius bacteriocins and bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances, showcases some of the inhibitory activities that we currently have knowledge of, and speculates about potential directions for ongoing investigation and probiotic application of this previously under-rated human commensal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Wescombe
- BLIS Technologies Ltd., Centre for Innovation, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas C K Heng
- Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jeremy P Burton
- BLIS Technologies Ltd., Centre for Innovation, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John R Tagg
- BLIS Technologies Ltd., Centre for Innovation, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, P. O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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13
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Field D, Cotter PD, Hill C, Ross RP. Bioengineering Lantibiotics for Therapeutic Success. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1363. [PMID: 26640466 PMCID: PMC4662063 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several examples of highly modified antimicrobial peptides have been described. While many such peptides are non-ribosomally synthesized, ribosomally synthesized equivalents are being discovered with increased frequency. Of the latter group, the lantibiotics continue to attract most attention. In the present review, we discuss the implementation of in vivo and in vitro engineering systems to alter, and even enhance, the antimicrobial activity, antibacterial spectrum and physico-chemical properties, including heat stability, solubility, diffusion and protease resistance, of these compounds. Additionally, we discuss the potential applications of these lantibiotics for use as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Des Field
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork , Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre , Fermoy, Ireland ; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork , Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork , Cork, Ireland ; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork , Cork, Ireland
| | - R P Ross
- Teagasc Food Research Centre , Fermoy, Ireland ; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork , Cork, Ireland
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14
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Delorme C, Abraham AL, Renault P, Guédon E. Genomics of Streptococcus salivarius, a major human commensal. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 33:381-92. [PMID: 25311532 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The salivarius group of streptococci is of particular importance for humans. This group consists of three genetically similar species, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus vestibularis and Streptococcus thermophilus. S. salivarius and S. vestibularis are commensal organisms that may occasionally cause opportunistic infections in humans, whereas S. thermophilus is a food bacterium widely used in dairy production. We developed Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and comparative genomic analysis to confirm the clear separation of these three species. These analyses also identified a subgroup of four strains, with a core genome diverging by about 10%, in terms of its nucleotide sequence, from that of S. salivarius sensu stricto. S. thermophilus species displays a low level of nucleotide variability, due to its recent emergence with the development of agriculture. By contrast, nucleotide variability is high in the other two species of the salivarius group, reflecting their long-standing association with humans. The species of the salivarius group have genome sizes ranging from the smallest (∼ 1.7 Mb for S. thermophilus) to the largest (∼ 2.3 Mb for S. salivarius) among streptococci, reflecting genome reduction linked to a narrow, nutritionally rich environment for S. thermophilus, and natural, more competitive niches for the other two species. Analyses of genomic content have indicated that the core genes of S. salivarius account for about two thirds of the genome, indicating considerable variability of gene content and differences in potential adaptive features. Furthermore, we showed that the genome of this species is exceptionally rich in genes encoding surface factors, glycosyltransferases and response regulators. Evidence of widespread genetic exchanges was obtained, probably involving a natural competence system and the presence of diverse mobile elements. However, although the S. salivarius strains studied were isolated from several human body-related sites (all levels of the digestive tract, skin, breast milk, and body fluids) and included clinical strains, no genetic or genomic niche-specific features could be identified to discriminate specific group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Delorme
- INRA, UMR 1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France; AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Anne-Laure Abraham
- INRA, UMR 1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France; AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pierre Renault
- INRA, UMR 1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France; AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eric Guédon
- INRA, UMR 1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France; AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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15
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Dassi E, Ballarini A, Covello G, Quattrone A, Jousson O, De Sanctis V, Bertorelli R, Denti MA, Segata N. Enhanced microbial diversity in the saliva microbiome induced by short-term probiotic intake revealed by 16S rRNA sequencing on the IonTorrent PGM platform. J Biotechnol 2014; 190:30-9. [PMID: 24670254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Microbial communities populating several human body habitats are important determinants of human health. Cultivation-free community-wide approaches like bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing recently revolutionized the study of such human-associated microbial diversity, and the continuously decreasing cost/throughput ratio of current sequencing platforms is further enhancing the availability and effectiveness of microbiome research. The IonTorrent PGM platform is among the latest available commercial high-throughput sequencing tools, but it is just starting to be used for 16S rRNA surveys with only episodic assessments of its performance. We present here the first IonTorrent profiling of the human saliva microbiome collected from 12 healthy individuals. In this cohort, a subset of the volunteers was asked to assume a probiotic product, in order to investigate its impact on the composition and the structure of the saliva microbiome. Analysis of the generated dataset suggests the suitability of the IonTorrent platform for 16S rRNA surveys, even though some platform-specific choices are required to optimize the consistency of the obtained bacterial profiles. Interestingly, we found a marked and statistically significant increase of the overall bacterial diversity in the saliva of individuals who received the probiotic product compared to the control group, suggesting a short-term effect of probiotic product administration on oral microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Dassi
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Veronica De Sanctis
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Italy; NGS Facility, Laboratory of Biomolecular Sequence and Structure Analysis for Health, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Roberto Bertorelli
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Italy; NGS Facility, Laboratory of Biomolecular Sequence and Structure Analysis for Health, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Segata
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Italy.
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16
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Schwendicke F, Dörfer C, Kneist S, Meyer-Lueckel H, Paris S. Cariogenic Effects of Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in a Dental Biofilm Model. Caries Res 2014; 48:186-92. [DOI: 10.1159/000355907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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17
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Dischinger J, Basi Chipalu S, Bierbaum G. Lantibiotics: Promising candidates for future applications in health care. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:51-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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18
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Burton JP, Wescombe PA, Macklaim JM, Chai MHC, Macdonald K, Hale JDF, Tagg J, Reid G, Gloor GB, Cadieux PA. Persistence of the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius M18 is dose dependent and megaplasmid transfer can augment their bacteriocin production and adhesion characteristics. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65991. [PMID: 23785463 PMCID: PMC3681767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocin-producing probiotic Streptococcus salivarius M18 offers beneficial modulatory capabilities within the oral microbiome, apparently through potent inhibitory activity against potentially deleterious bacteria, such as Streptococcus pyogenes. The oral cavity persistence of S. salivarius M18 was investigated in 75 subjects receiving four different doses for 28 days. Sixty per cent of the subjects already had some inhibitor-producing S. salivarius in their saliva prior to probiotic intervention. Strain M18's persistence was dependent upon the dose, but not the period of administration. Culture analysis indicated that in some individuals the introduced strain had almost entirely replaced the indigenous S. salivarius, though the total numbers of the species did not increase. Selected subjects showing either high or low probiotic persistence had their salivary populations profiled using Illumina sequencing of the V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Analysis indicated that while certain bacterial phenotypes were markedly modulated, the overall composition of the oral microbiome was not modified by the probiotic treatment. Megaplasmids encoding bacteriocins and adhesion factors were transferred in vitro to generate a transconjugant S. salivarius exhibiting enhanced antimicrobial production and binding capabilities to HEp-2 cells. Since no widespread perturbation of the existing indigenous microbiota was associated with oral instillation and given its antimicrobial activity against potentially pathogenic streptococci, it appears that application of probiotic strain M18 offers potential low impact alternative to classical antibiotic prophylaxis. For candidate probiotic strains having relatively poor antimicrobial or adhesive properties, unique derivatives displaying improved probiotic performance may be engineered in vitro by megaplasmid transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P Burton
- Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Salivaricin G32, a Homolog of the Prototype Streptococcus pyogenes Nisin-Like Lantibiotic SA-FF22, Produced by the Commensal Species Streptococcus salivarius. Int J Microbiol 2012; 2012:738503. [PMID: 22567013 PMCID: PMC3332205 DOI: 10.1155/2012/738503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivaricin G32, a 2667 Da novel member of the SA-FF22 cluster of lantibiotics, has been purified and characterized from Streptococcus salivarius strain G32. The inhibitory peptide differs from the Streptococcus pyogenes—produced SA-FF22 in the absence of lysine in position 2. The salivaricin G32 locus was widely distributed in BLIS-producing S. salivarius, with 6 (23%) of 26 strains PCR-positive for the structural gene, slnA. As for most other lantibiotics produced by S. salivarius, the salivaricin G32 locus can be megaplasmid encoded. Another member of the SA-FF22 family was detected in two Streptococcus dysgalactiae of bovine origin, an observation supportive of widespread distribution of this lantibiotic within the genus Streptococcus. Since the inhibitory spectrum of salivaricin G32 includes Streptococcus pyogenes, its production by S. salivarius, either as a member of the normal oral microflora or as a commercial probiotic, could serve to enhance protection of the human host against S. pyogenes infection.
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Krittaphol W, Wescombe PA, Thomson CD, McDowell A, Tagg JR, Fawcett JP. Metabolism of L-selenomethionine and selenite by probiotic bacteria: in vitro and in vivo studies. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 144:1358-69. [PMID: 21494803 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Since selenium supplements have been shown to undergo biotransformation in the gut, probiotic treatment in combination with selenium supplements may change selenium disposition. We investigated the metabolism of L-selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenite by probiotic bacteria in vitro and the disposition of selenium after probiotic treatment followed by oral dosing with SeMet and selenite in rats. When SeMet was incubated anaerobically with individual antibiotic-resistant probiotic strains (Streptococcus salivarius K12, Lactobacillus rhamnosus 67B, Lactobacillus acidophilus L10, and Bifidobacterium lactis LAFTI® B94) at 37°C for 24 h, 11-18% was metabolized with 44-80% of SeMet lost being converted to dimethyldiselenide (DMDSe) and dimethylselenide (DMSe). In similar incubations with selenite, metabolism was more extensive (26-100%) particularly by the lactobacilli with 0-4.8% of selenite lost being converted to DMSe and DMDSe accompanied by the formation of elemental selenium. Four groups of rats (n = 5/group) received a single oral dose of either SeMet or selenite (2 mg selenium/kg) at the time of the last dose of a probiotic mixture or its vehicle (lyoprotectant mixture used to maintain cell viability) administered every 12 h for 3 days. Another three groups of rats (n = 3/group) received a single oral dose of saline or SeMet or selenite at the same dose (untreated rats). Serum selenium concentrations over the subsequent 24 h were not significantly different between probiotic and vehicle treated rats but appeared to be more sustained (SeMet) or higher (selenite) than in the corresponding groups of untreated rats. Probiotic treated rats given SeMet also had selenium concentrations at 24 h that were significantly higher in liver and lower in kidney than untreated rats given SeMet. Thus, treatment with probiotics followed by SeMet significantly affects tissue levels of selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woravimol Krittaphol
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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Salivaricin D, a novel intrinsically trypsin-resistant lantibiotic from Streptococcus salivarius 5M6c isolated from a healthy infant. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 78:402-10. [PMID: 22101034 DOI: 10.1128/aem.06588-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we purified and characterized a newly identified lantibiotic (salivaricin D) from Streptococcus salivarius 5M6c. Salivaricin D is a 34-amino-acid-residue peptide (3,467.55 Da); the locus of the gene encoding this peptide is a 16.5-kb DNA segment which contains genes encoding the precursor of two lantibiotics, two modification enzymes (dehydratase and cyclase), an ABC transporter, a serine-like protease, immunity proteins (lipoprotein and ABC transporters), a response regulator, and a sensor histidine kinase. The immunity gene (salI) was heterologously expressed in a sensitive indicator and provided significant protection against salivaricin D, confirming its immunity function. Salivaricin D is a naturally trypsin-resistant lantibiotic that is similar to nisin-like lantibiotics. It is a relatively broad-spectrum bacteriocin that inhibits members of many genera of Gram-positive bacteria, including the important human pathogens Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Thus, Streptococcus salivarius 5M6c may be a potential biological agent for the control of oronasopharynx-colonizing streptococcal pathogens or may be used as a probiotic bacterium.
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Nobbs AH, Lamont RJ, Jenkinson HF. Streptococcus adherence and colonization. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2009; 73:407-50, Table of Contents. [PMID: 19721085 PMCID: PMC2738137 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00014-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococci readily colonize mucosal tissues in the nasopharynx; the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts; and the skin. Each ecological niche presents a series of challenges to successful colonization with which streptococci have to contend. Some species exist in equilibrium with their host, neither stimulating nor submitting to immune defenses mounted against them. Most are either opportunistic or true pathogens responsible for diseases such as pharyngitis, tooth decay, necrotizing fasciitis, infective endocarditis, and meningitis. Part of the success of streptococci as colonizers is attributable to the spectrum of proteins expressed on their surfaces. Adhesins enable interactions with salivary, serum, and extracellular matrix components; host cells; and other microbes. This is the essential first step to colonization, the development of complex communities, and possible invasion of host tissues. The majority of streptococcal adhesins are anchored to the cell wall via a C-terminal LPxTz motif. Other proteins may be surface anchored through N-terminal lipid modifications, while the mechanism of cell wall associations for others remains unclear. Collectively, these surface-bound proteins provide Streptococcus species with a "coat of many colors," enabling multiple intimate contacts and interplays between the bacterial cell and the host. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated direct roles for many streptococcal adhesins as colonization or virulence factors, making them attractive targets for therapeutic and preventive strategies against streptococcal infections. There is, therefore, much focus on applying increasingly advanced molecular techniques to determine the precise structures and functions of these proteins, and their regulatory pathways, so that more targeted approaches can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela H Nobbs
- Oral Microbiology Unit, Department of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, United Kingdom
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Wescombe PA, Heng NCK, Burton JP, Chilcott CN, Tagg JR. Streptococcal bacteriocins and the case for Streptococcus salivarius as model oral probiotics. Future Microbiol 2009; 4:819-35. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.09.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Gram-positive bacterial genus Streptococcus are a diverse collection of species inhabiting many body sites and range from benign, nonpathogenic species to those causing life-threatening infections. The streptococci are also prolific producers of bacteriocins, which are ribosomally synthesized proteinaceous antibiotics that kill or inhibit species closely related to the producer bacterium. With the emergence of bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics, there is an impetus to discover, and implement, new and preferably ‘natural’ antibiotics to treat or prevent bacterial infections, a niche that bacterial interference therapy mediated by bacteriocins could easily fill. This review focuses on describing the diversity of bacteriocins produced by streptococci and also puts forth a case for Streptococcus salivarius, a nonpathogenic and numerically predominant oral species, as an ideal candidate for development as the model probiotic for the oral cavity. S. salivarius is a safe species that not only produces broad-spectrum bacteriocins but harbors bacteriocin-encoding (and bacteriocin-inducing) transmissible DNA entities (megaplasmids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Wescombe
- BLIS Technologies Ltd, Centre for Innovation, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas CK Heng
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, PO Box 647, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jeremy P Burton
- BLIS Technologies Ltd, Centre for Innovation, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Chris N Chilcott
- BLIS Technologies Ltd, Centre for Innovation, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - John R Tagg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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Devine DA, Marsh PD. Prospects for the development of probiotics and prebiotics for oral applications. J Oral Microbiol 2009; 1. [PMID: 21523212 PMCID: PMC3077007 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v1i0.1949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a paradigm shift towards an ecological and microbial community-based approach to understanding oral diseases. This has significant implications for approaches to therapy and has raised the possibility of developing novel strategies through manipulation of the resident oral microbiota and modulation of host immune responses. The increased popularity of using probiotic bacteria and/or prebiotic supplements to improve gastrointestinal health has prompted interest in the utility of this approach for oral applications. Evidence now suggests that probiotics may function not only by direct inhibition of, or enhanced competition with, pathogenic micro-organisms, but also by more subtle mechanisms including modulation of the mucosal immune system. Similarly, prebiotics could promote the growth of beneficial micro-organisms that comprise part of the resident microbiota. The evidence for the use of pro or prebiotics for the prevention of caries or periodontal diseases is reviewed, and issues that could arise from their use, as well as questions that still need to be answered, are raised. A complete understanding of the broad ecological changes induced in the mouth by probiotics or prebiotics will be essential to assess their long-term consequences for oral health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre A Devine
- Department of Oral Biology, Leeds Dental Institute, University of Leeds, UK
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Streptococcal Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances: Some Personal Insights into the Bacteriocin-Like Activities Produced by Streptococci Good and Bad. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2009; 1:60-6. [PMID: 26783132 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-008-9002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The background to the discovery and commercial development of the first Streptococcus salivarius probiotic is documented. A 40-year search of the genus Streptococcus for a harmless natural antagonist of Streptococcus pyogenes had as its operational basis a simple deferred antagonism "fingerprinting" procedure, the application of which results in each tested strain being accorded an inhibitor production (P)-type and inhibitor sensitivity (S)-type profile. Systematic application of this schema has opened a "Pandora's Box" of novel streptococcal bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS). The numerically prominent commensal S. salivarius is proposed to have a pivotal population-modulating role within the oral microbiota of humans. The probiotic strain S. salivarius K12 produces several megaplasmid-encoded BLIS including the lantibiotics salivaricin A and salivaricin B. Strain K12 and other BLIS-producing S. salivarius are currently in use or under development for application to the control of a variety of common maladies and infections of the human oral cavity.
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26
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O'Shea EF, Gardiner GE, O'Connor PM, Mills S, Ross RP, Hill C. Characterization of enterocin- and salivaricin-producing lactic acid bacteria from the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 291:24-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01427.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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27
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Gillor O, Etzion A, Riley MA. The dual role of bacteriocins as anti- and probiotics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 81:591-606. [PMID: 18853155 PMCID: PMC2670069 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria employed in probiotic applications help to maintain or restore a host's natural microbial floral. The ability of probiotic bacteria to successfully outcompete undesired species is often due to, or enhanced by, the production of potent antimicrobial toxins. The most commonly encountered of these are bacteriocins, a large and functionally diverse family of antimicrobials found in all major lineages of Bacteria. Recent studies reveal that these proteinaceous toxins play a critical role in mediating competitive dynamics between bacterial strains and closely related species. The potential use of bacteriocin-producing strains as probiotic and bioprotective agents has recently received increased attention. This review will report on recent efforts involving the use of such strains, with a particular focus on emerging probiotic therapies for humans, livestock, and aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Gillor
- Department of Environmental Hydrology & Microbiology, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker Campus, Beersheba 84990, Israel
| | - A. Etzion
- Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker Campus, Beersheba 84990, Israel
| | - M. A. Riley
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA, e-mail:
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Power DA, Burton JP, Chilcott CN, Dawes PJ, Tagg JR. Preliminary investigations of the colonisation of upper respiratory tract tissues of infants using a paediatric formulation of the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 27:1261-3. [PMID: 18560907 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-008-0569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A powder preparation of the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 has been given to 19 young otitis media-prone children following a 3-day course of amoxicillin administered as a preliminary to ventilation tube placement. In two subjects, the use of strain K12 appeared to effect the expansion of an indigenous population of inhibitory S. salivarius. In other children, strain K12 colonisation extended beyond the oral cavity to also include the nasopharynx or adenoid tissue. The relatively low proportion (33%) of subjects that colonised was attributed to failure of the amoxicillin pre-treatment to sufficiently reduce the indigenous S. salivarius populations prior to dosing with strain K12 powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Power
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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