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Trejos-Espeleta JC, Marin-Jaramillo JP, Schmidt SK, Sommers P, Bradley JA, Orsi WD. Principal role of fungi in soil carbon stabilization during early pedogenesis in the high Arctic. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402689121. [PMID: 38954550 PMCID: PMC11252988 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402689121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate warming is causing widespread deglaciation and pioneer soil formation over glacial deposits. Melting glaciers expose rocky terrain and glacial till sediment that is relatively low in biomass, oligotrophic, and depleted in nutrients. Following initial colonization by microorganisms, glacial till sediments accumulate organic carbon and nutrients over time. However, the mechanisms driving soil nutrient stabilization during early pedogenesis after glacial retreat remain unclear. Here, we traced amino acid uptake by microorganisms in recently deglaciated high-Arctic soils and show that fungi play a critical role in the initial stabilization of the assimilated carbon. Pioneer basidiomycete yeasts were among the predominant taxa responsible for carbon assimilation, which were associated with overall high amino acid use efficiency and reduced respiration. In intermediate- and late-stage soils, lichenized ascomycete fungi were prevalent, but bacteria increasingly dominated amino acid assimilation, with substantially decreased fungal:bacterial amino acid assimilation ratios and increased respiration. Together, these findings demonstrate that fungi are important drivers of pedogenesis in high-Arctic ecosystems that are currently subject to widespread deglaciation from global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Trejos-Espeleta
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany, 80333
| | - Juan P. Marin-Jaramillo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany, 80333
| | - Steven K. Schmidt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO80309
| | - Pacifica Sommers
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO80309
| | - James A. Bradley
- Aix Marseille University, University of Toulon, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Marseille, France13009
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom, E1 4NS
| | - William D. Orsi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany, 80333
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany, 80333
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Duo Saito RA, Moliné M, de Garcia V. Physiological characterization of polyextremotolerant yeasts from cold environments of Patagonia. Extremophiles 2024; 28:17. [PMID: 38342818 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-024-01334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Yeasts from cold environments have a wide range of strategies to prevent the negative effects of extreme conditions, including the production of metabolites of biotechnological interest. We investigated the growth profile and production of metabolites in yeast species isolated from cold environments. Thirty-eight strains were tested for their ability to grow at different temperatures (5-30 °C) and solute concentrations (3-12.5% NaCl and 50% glucose). All strains tested were able to grow at 5 °C, and 77% were able to grow with 5% NaCl at 18 °C. We were able to group strains based on different physicochemical/lifestyle profiles such as polyextremotolerant, osmotolerant, psychrotolerant, or psychrophilic. Five strains were selected to study biomass and metabolite production (glycerol, trehalose, ergosterol, and mycosporines). These analyses revealed that the accumulation pattern of trehalose and ergosterol was related to each lifestyle profile. Also, our findings would suggest that mycosporines does not have a role as an osmolyte. Non-conventional fermentative yeasts such as Phaffia tasmanica and Saccharomyces eubayanus may be of interest for trehalose production. This work contributes to the knowledge of non-conventional yeasts with biotechnological application from cold environments, including their growth profile, metabolites, and biomass production under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubí A Duo Saito
- Centro de Referencia en Levaduras y Tecnología Cervecera (CRELTEC), Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales (IPATEC), CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Quintral, Argentina
| | - Martín Moliné
- Centro de Referencia en Levaduras y Tecnología Cervecera (CRELTEC), Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales (IPATEC), CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Quintral, Argentina
| | - Virginia de Garcia
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas (PROBIEN), CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Neuquén, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Navarro L, Gil i Cortiella M, Gutiérrez-Moraga A, Calisto N, Ubeda C, Corsini G. Antarctic Soil Yeasts with Fermentative Capacity and Potential for the Wine Industry. Foods 2023; 12:4496. [PMID: 38137300 PMCID: PMC10742413 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Low fermentation temperatures are usually employed to obtain high-quality wines. This is especially interesting for white wine production since it prevents the loss of volatile compounds and a browning appearance; however, available fermentative yeasts do not usually tolerate low temperatures. Therefore, an interesting place to find new yeasts with cryotolerance is the Antarctic continent. From soil samples collected in Antarctica, 125 yeasts were isolated, of which 25 exhibited fermentative activity at 10 °C. After a fingerprinting assay, we classified the candidates into nine isotypes and sequenced internal transcribed spacer regions for their identification. These yeasts were identified as part of the Mrakia genus. Sugar and alcohol tolerance tests showed that some of these Antarctic soil yeasts were able to grow up to 9% alcohol, and 25% sugar was reached; however, they exhibited longer latency periods compared to the control Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The optimal growing temperature for the isolated Antarctic yeasts was between 10 °C and 15 °C. A comprehensive analysis of the results obtained showed that the isolates 10M3-1, 4M3-6, and 4B1-35 could be good candidates for fermentation purposes due to their alcohol, sugar tolerance, and growth features. Our results prove that it is possible to isolate fermentative yeasts from Antarctic soil with promising characteristics for their potential use in the wine production industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Navarro
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8900000, Chile; (L.N.); (A.G.-M.); (N.C.)
| | - Mariona Gil i Cortiella
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8900000, Chile;
| | - Ana Gutiérrez-Moraga
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8900000, Chile; (L.N.); (A.G.-M.); (N.C.)
- Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Nancy Calisto
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8900000, Chile; (L.N.); (A.G.-M.); (N.C.)
- Centro de Investigación y Monitoreo Ambiental Antártico (CIMAA), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas 6210427, Chile
| | - Cristina Ubeda
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/P. García González No 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gino Corsini
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8900000, Chile; (L.N.); (A.G.-M.); (N.C.)
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Abstract
Hypersaline waters and glacial ice are inhospitable environments that have low water activity and high concentrations of osmolytes. They are inhabited by diverse microbial communities, of which extremotolerant and extremophilic fungi are essential components. Some fungi are specialized in only one of these two environments and can thrive in conditions that are lethal to most other life-forms. Others are generalists, highly adaptable species that occur in both environments and tolerate a wide range of extremes. Both groups efficiently balance cellular osmotic pressure and ion concentration, stabilize cell membranes, remodel cell walls, and neutralize intracellular oxidative stress. Some species use unusual reproductive strategies. Further investigation of these adaptations with new methods and carefully designed experiments under ecologically relevant conditions will help predict the role of fungi in hypersaline and glacial environments affected by climate change, decipher their stress resistance mechanisms and exploit their biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cene Gostinčar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; ,
| | - Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; ,
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de Souza LMD, Ogaki MB, Teixeira EAA, de Menezes GCA, Convey P, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Communities of culturable freshwater fungi present in Antarctic lakes and detection of their low-temperature-active enzymes. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1923-1933. [PMID: 36274089 PMCID: PMC10484858 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the diversity and enzymatic activities of culturable fungi recovered from cotton baits submerged for 2 years in Hennequin Lake, King George Island, and from benthic biofilms in Kroner Lake, Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, maritime Antarctica. A total of 154 fungal isolates were obtained, representing in rank abundance the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota. Thelebolus globosus, Goffeauzyma sp., Pseudogymnoascus verrucosus and Metschnikowia australis were the most abundant taxa. The fungal community obtained from the biofilm was more diverse and richer than that recovered from the cotton baits. However, diversity indices suggested that the lakes may harbour further fungal diversity. The capabilities of all cultured fungi to produce the extracellular enzymes cellulase, protease, lipase, agarase, carrageenase, invertase, amylase, esterase, pectinase, inulinase and gelatinase at low temperature were evaluated. All enzymes were detected, but the most widely produced were protease and pectinase. The best enzymatic indices were obtained from Holtermanniella wattica (for invertase, esterase), Goffeauzyma sp. (amylase), Metschnikowia australis (protease), Mrakia blollopis (cellulase, pectinase), Pseudogymnoascus verrucosus (agarase, carrageenase) and Leucosporidium fragarium (inulinase). The detection of multiple enzymes reinforces the ecological role of fungi in nutrient cycling in Antarctic lakes, making nutrients available to the complex aquatic food web. Furthermore, such low-temperature-active enzymes may find application in different biotechnological processes, such as in the textile, pharmaceutical, food, detergent and paper industries, as well as environmental application in pollutant bioremediation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayara Bapstitucci Ogaki
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Valdivia, Chile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile
| | - Carlos Augusto Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Polar E Conexões Tropicais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P. O. Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
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Linnakoski R, Jyske T, Eerikäinen R, Veteli P, Cortina-Escribano M, Magalhães F, Järvenpää E, Heikkilä L, Hutzler M, Gibson B. Brewing potential of strains of the boreal wild yeast Mrakia gelida. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1108961. [PMID: 36846771 PMCID: PMC9947644 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1108961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Demand for low- or non-alcoholic beers has been growing in recent years. Thus, research is increasingly focusing on non-Saccharomyces species that typically are only able to consume the simple sugars in wort, and therefore have a limited production of alcohol. In this project, new species and strains of non-conventional yeasts were sampled and identified from Finnish forest environments. From this wild yeast collection, a number of Mrakia gelida strains were selected for small-scale fermentation tests and compared with a reference strain, the low-alcohol brewing yeast Saccharomycodes ludwigii. All the M. gelida strains were able to produce beer with an average of 0.7% alcohol, similar to the control strain. One M. gelida strain showing the most promising combination of good fermentation profile and production of desirable flavor active compounds was selected for pilot-scale (40 L) fermentation. The beers produced were matured, filtered, carbonated, and bottled. The bottled beers were then directed for in-house evaluation, and further analyzed for sensory profiles. The beers produced contained 0.6% Alcohol by volume (ABV). According to the sensory analysis, the beers were comparable to those produced by S. ludwigii, and contained detectable fruit notes (banana and plum). No distinct off-flavors were noted. A comprehensive analysis of M. gelida's resistance to temperature extremes, disinfectant, common preservatives, and antifungal agents would suggest that the strains pose little risk to either process hygiene or occupational safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Linnakoski
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland,*Correspondence: Riikka Linnakoski,
| | - Tuula Jyske
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Pyry Veteli
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Frederico Magalhães
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, Finland,Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eila Järvenpää
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Lotta Heikkilä
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mathias Hutzler
- Research Centre Weihenstephan for Brewing and Food Quality, Technical University of Munich, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brian Gibson
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, Finland,Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Chair of Brewing and Beverage Technology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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FERNANDEZ-GÜIMAC SLJ, PEREZ J, MENDOZA JE, BUSTAMANTE DE, CALDERON MS. Exploring the diversity of microorganisms and potential pectinase activity isolated from wet fermentation of coffee in northeastern Peru. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.81922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jhordy PEREZ
- Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Peru
| | | | - Danilo Edson BUSTAMANTE
- Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Peru; Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Peru
| | - Martha Steffany CALDERON
- Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Peru; Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Peru
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Jarrige D, Haridas S, Bleykasten-Grosshans C, Joly M, Nadalig T, Sancelme M, Vuilleumier S, Grigoriev IV, Amato P, Bringel F. High-quality genome of the basidiomycete yeast Dioszegia hungarica PDD-24b-2 isolated from cloud water. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkac282. [PMID: 36259934 PMCID: PMC9713403 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The genome of the basidiomycete yeast Dioszegia hungarica strain PDD-24b-2 isolated from cloud water at the summit of puy de Dôme (France) was sequenced using a hybrid PacBio and Illumina sequencing strategy. The obtained assembled genome of 20.98 Mb and a GC content of 57% is structured in 16 large-scale contigs ranging from 90 kb to 5.56 Mb, and another 27.2 kb contig representing the complete circular mitochondrial genome. In total, 8,234 proteins were predicted from the genome sequence. The mitochondrial genome shows 16.2% cgu codon usage for arginine but has no canonical cognate tRNA to translate this codon. Detected transposable element (TE)-related sequences account for about 0.63% of the assembled genome. A dataset of 2,068 hand-picked public environmental metagenomes, representing over 20 Tbp of raw reads, was probed for D. hungarica related ITS sequences, and revealed worldwide distribution of this species, particularly in aerial habitats. Growth experiments suggested a psychrophilic phenotype and the ability to disperse by producing ballistospores. The high-quality assembled genome obtained for this D. hungarica strain will help investigate the behavior and ecological functions of this species in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domitille Jarrige
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie (GMGM), Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7156 CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sajeet Haridas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Muriel Joly
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thierry Nadalig
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie (GMGM), Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7156 CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Martine Sancelme
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphane Vuilleumier
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie (GMGM), Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7156 CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Pierre Amato
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Françoise Bringel
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie (GMGM), Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7156 CNRS, Strasbourg, France
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Calabon MS, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Luo ZL, Dong W, Hurdeal VG, Gentekaki E, Rossi W, Leonardi M, Thiyagaraja V, Lestari AS, Shen HW, Bao DF, Boonyuen N, Zeng M. Freshwater fungal numbers. FUNGAL DIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-022-00503-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Karajacob AS, Goh JPE, Kallarakkal TG, Tay ST. First isolation and identification of Cystobasidium calyptogenae from the oral samples of an elderly patient presenting with angular cheilitis. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:48. [PMID: 35346364 PMCID: PMC8958801 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angular cheilitis, an infection mainly caused by Candida yeasts, is featured by the appearance of inflammatory lesions at the bilateral corners of the mouth, particularly in patients with poor oral hygiene, ill-fitting dentures and old age. The first isolation of an atypical yeast, Cystobasidium calyptogenae, from oral samples of a patient presenting with angular cheilitis is discussed in this study. Case presentation Angular cheilitis was diagnosed in a 60-year-old denture-wearing woman who presented with an irritation fibroma on her right lower buccal sulcus over the premolar region. Primary cultures of her oral swab and oral rinse samples grew a pure culture of an uncommon yeast strain resembling Rhodotorula sp. Sequence analysis of the yeast internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene region and D1D2 domain showed highest similarity (99.6% and 100%, respectively) to C. calyptogenae CBS 9125 type strain. Following 2 weeks of treatment with miconazole/fusidic acid and mouthwash, the oral lesion showed improvement with less erythema. C. calyptogenae was not isolated from the patient’s oral samples upon repeat sampling. Conclusion This is the first report on the isolation of C. calyptogenae from human oral samples. The ability of C. calyptogenae to grow at 37 °C and the fact that it was the only yeast species isolated from the patient’s oral samples suggests its pathogenic potential and possible involvement in angular cheilitis. The ubiquitous nature of the Cystobasidium yeast is believed to increase the likelihood of opportunistic infections among immunocompromised individuals. As Cystobasidium is phenotypically indistinguishable from Rhodotorula, an emerging opportunistic pathogen, surveillance using molecular identification in clinical settings is essential in providing accurate diagnosis and treatment of uncommon yeast infections.
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Adel A, El-Baz A, Shetaia Y, Sorour NM. Biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids by two newly cold-adapted Egyptian marine yeast. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:461. [PMID: 34692369 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread awareness of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) benefits for human health has increased the need for their commercial production. Two oleaginous yeast were isolated from the Mediterranean Sea fish and Red Sea fish Epinephelus aeneus and E. areolatus, respectively. These marine candidates were identified by MALDI-TOF/MS biotyper® as Lodderomyces elongisporus and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The effect of incubation temperature (7, 15, and 26 °C) and glucose concentration (3% and 8%) on their lipids content were investigated using Sulfo-Phospho-Vanillin (SPV) assay. Their intercellular lipids were visualized by fluorescence microscope using Nile-Red dye. L. elongisporus and R. mucilaginosa produced 20.04% and 26.79% of Linoleic acid, respectively, on normal Basal-Defatted Medium (BDM). Linoleic acid (21.4-22.7%) and α-Linolenic acid (7.5-10.8%) were produced by R. mucilaginosa and L. elongisporus, on normal BDM at 15 °C. High-Glucose BDM induced a positive effect on the total lipids production that reached its maximum of 48% and 54% by R. mucilaginosa and L. elongisporus, respectively, grown at 15 °C. Remarkably, 12.12% of long-chain 15-Docosenoic acid (C22:1) and 21.49% of Tricosanoic acid (C23:0) were detected in the FAs profile of L. elongisporus, when grown on normal BDM at 26 °C. The present study is the first one reporting the FAs profile of the Egyptian Marine L. elongisporus, and its capability to accumulate high amounts of lipids under appropriate fermentation conditions; thus, it could be considered for scaling up production. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-03010-4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashraf El-Baz
- Département of Industrial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 22857/79 Egypt
| | - Yousseria Shetaia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha Mohamed Sorour
- Département of Industrial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 22857/79 Egypt
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Analysis of Soil Fungal and Bacterial Communities in Tianchi Volcano Crater, Northeast China. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040280. [PMID: 33810555 PMCID: PMC8066613 DOI: 10.3390/life11040280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude volcanoes, typical examples of extreme environments, are considered of particular interest in biology as a possible source of novel and exclusive microorganisms. We analyzed the crater soil microbial diversity of Tianchi Volcano, northeast China, by combining molecular and morphological analyses of culturable microbes, and metabarcoding based on Illumina sequencing, in order to increase our understanding of high-altitude volcanic microbial community structure. One-hundred and seventeen fungal strains belonging to 51 species and 31 genera of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota were isolated. Penicillium, Trichoderma, Cladosporium, Didymella, Alternaria and Fusarium dominated the culturable fungal community. A considerable number of isolated microbes, including filamentous fungi, such as Aureobasidium pullulans and Epicoccum nigrum, yeasts (Leucosporidium creatinivorum), and bacteria (Chryseobacterium lactis and Rhodococcus spp.), typical of high-altitude, cold, and geothermal extreme environments, provided new insights in the ecological characterization of the investigated environment, and may represent a precious source for the isolation of new bioactive compounds. A total of 1254 fungal and 2988 bacterial operational taxonomic units were generated from metabarcoding. Data analyses suggested that the fungal community could be more sensitive to environmental and geographical change compared to the bacterial community, whose network was characterized by more complicated and closer associations.
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Sanyal A, Antony R, Ganesan P, Thamban M. Metabolic activity and bioweathering properties of yeasts isolated from different supraglacial environments of Antarctica and Himalaya. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:2243-2258. [PMID: 33219409 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts have been frequently isolated from cold habitats, but their contribution to essential ecological processes such as the mineralization of organic matter in these environments is less known. Here, the diversity, metabolic capability, and extracellular enzyme profiles of yeasts from snow, blue ice and cryoconite hole environments from East Antarctica and cryoconite holes from a glacier in Western Himalaya were determined. Eighty-six yeast strains isolated were affiliated to the genera Glaciozyma, Goffeauzyma, Mrakia, Phenoliferia, and Rhodotorula. Variations in the abundance, diversity, physiological properties, extracellular enzyme and carbon substrate utilization patterns of the isolated yeasts, reflect the specific environmental conditions from which they were isolated. Overall, 20-90% of the yeasts across all habitat types and geographical locations produced extracellular enzymes to degrade proteins, esters, carbohydrates, pectin, cellulose, lignin, and tannin. About 10 and 29% of the yeasts also exhibited ability to solubilize rock-minerals like phosphate and silicate, respectively. Additionally, selected isolates were able to metabolize 28-93% of the carbon substrates comprising different compound classes on Biolog YT plates. Overall, the ability of yeasts to use diverse organic compounds prevalent on the glacier surface, points to their ecological significance in the decomposition of organic matter, cycling of nutrients, and in the weathering of minerals in supraglacial environments. Moreover, their wide metabolic capabilities suggest that they can colonize new niches and environments when meltwater export during the summer that enables links with surrounding ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritri Sanyal
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Headland Sada, Vasco da Gama, Goa, 403804, India.
| | - Runa Antony
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Headland Sada, Vasco da Gama, Goa, 403804, India
| | - Preethika Ganesan
- Department of Applied Microbiology, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Meloth Thamban
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Headland Sada, Vasco da Gama, Goa, 403804, India
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Turchetti B, Sannino C, Mezzasoma A, Zucconi L, Onofri S, Buzzini P. Mrakia stelviica sp. nov. and Mrakia montana sp. nov., two novel basidiomycetous yeast species isolated from cold environments. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:4704-4713. [PMID: 32697190 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Five yeast strains were isolated from soil and sediments collected from Alps and Apennines glaciers during sampling campaigns carried out in summer 2007 and 2017, respectively. Based on morphological and physiological tests and on phylogenetic analyses reconstructed with ITS and D1/D2 sequences, the five strains were considered to belong to two related but hitherto unknown species within the genus Mrakia, in an intermediate position between Mrakia cryoconiti and Mrakia arctica. The names Mrakia stelviica (holotype DBVPG 10734T) and Mrakia montana (holotype DBVPG 10736T) are proposed for the two novel species and a detailed description of their morphological, physiological and phylogenetic features are presented. Both species fermented glucose, sucrose and trehalose, which is an uncommon feature in basidiomycetous yeasts, and showed septate hyphae with teliospore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Turchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences & Industrial yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciro Sannino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences & Industrial yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ambra Mezzasoma
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences & Industrial yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Zucconi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvano Onofri
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Pietro Buzzini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences & Industrial yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
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15
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de Garcia V, Trochine A, Uetake J, Bellora N, Libkind D. Novel yeast taxa from the cold: description of Cryolevonia giraudoae sp. nov. and Camptobasidium gelus sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:3711-3717. [PMID: 32416741 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-one psychrophilic yeast isolates related to the Camptobasidiaceae family in the Microbotryomycetes class were obtained from ice collected from cold environments worldwide. A new psychrophilic species from the recently described genus Cryolevonia, Cryolevania giraudoae is proposed to accommodate 18 isolates from Patagonia (Argentina) and Antarctica (holotype CRUB 2086T). In addition, a new psychrophilic species in the genus Camptobasidium is described as Camptobasidium gelus sp. nov. (holotype CBS 8941T), based on three isolates from glacial ice in the Russel glacier (Greenland ice sheet) and Antarctica. The strict psychrophilic profile is the salient feature of both novel species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia de Garcia
- PROBIEN (CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Buenos Aires 1400, (8300), Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Andrea Trochine
- IPATEC (CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Quintral 1250, (8400), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Jun Uetake
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nicolas Bellora
- IPATEC (CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Quintral 1250, (8400), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Diego Libkind
- IPATEC (CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Quintral 1250, (8400), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
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16
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da Silva TH, Silva DAS, de Oliveira FS, Schaefer CEGR, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Diversity, distribution, and ecology of viable fungi in permafrost and active layer of Maritime Antarctica. Extremophiles 2020; 24:565-576. [PMID: 32405812 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-020-01176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the diversity and distribution of viable fungi present in permafrost and active layers obtained from three islands of Maritime Antarctica. A total of 213 fungal isolates were recovered from the permafrost, and 351 from the active layer, which were identified in 58 taxa; 27 from permafrost and 31 from the active layer. Oidiodendron, Penicillium, and Pseudogymnoascus taxa were the most abundant in permafrost. Bionectriaceae, Helotiales, Mortierellaceae, and Pseudeurotium were the most abundant in the active layer. Only five shared both substrates. The yeast Mrakia blollopis represented is the first reported on Antarctic permafrost. The fungal diversity detected was moderate to high, and composed of cosmopolitan, cold-adapted, and endemic taxa, reported as saprobic, mutualistic, and parasitic species. Our results demonstrate that permafrost shelters viable fungi across the Maritime Antarctica, and that they are contrasting to the overlying active layer. We detected important fungal taxa represented by potential new species, particularly, those genetically close to Pseudogymnoascus destructans, which can cause extinction of bats in North America and Eurasia. The detection of viable fungi trapped in permafrost deserves further studies on the extension of its fungal diversity and its capability to expand from permafrost to other habitats in Antarctica, and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamar Holanda da Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Soares de Oliveira
- Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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17
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Li AH, Zhou Y, Jia BS, Liu ZX, Sampaio JP, Zhou YG. Heterocephalacria sinensis sp. nov., Phaeotremella lacus sp. nov. and Solicoccozyma aquatica sp. nov., three novel basidiomycetous yeast species isolated from crater lakes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:3728-3739. [PMID: 31693471 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arxan-Chaihe volcanic field of the Da Hinggan mountains in north-East PR China hosts various typical crater lakes. In this study we performed a yeast diversity survey using water sampled from five crater lakes and a total of 122 yeast strains belonging to 33 species of 25 genera were isolated. Three strains, TFL1-L, TFL2B and ATC4C, were identified as three novel species belonging to the Tremellomycetes based on a multiple gene phylogeny and on the comparison of physiological data. A phylogenetic study employing the sequences of seven genes indicated that the new species were more related to three separated phylogenetic lineages of the Tremellomycetes and their closest relatives were Heterocephalacria arrabidensis, Phaeotremella skinneri and Solicoccozyma keelungensis. The divergence values of the D1/D2 domain of LSU sequences of strains TFL1-L, TFL2B and ATC4C from H. arrabidensis CBS 8678T, P. skinneri CBS 5029T and S. keelungensisSN-82T were 4.8,3.4,2.1 %, respectively. The divergence values of the sequences of ITS regions between strains TFL1-L, TFL2B and ATC4C and their close relatives (H. arrabidensis, P. skinneri and S. keelungensis) were 16.1, 5.9 and 8.1 %, respectively. Moreover, the three strains differed from their phylogenetic neighbours by the ability to grow on distinct carbon and nitrogen sources. On the basis of these findings, it is suggested that these strains represent three novel species for which the names Heterocephalacria sinensis sp. nov. (holotype CGMCC 2.5595), Phaeotremella lacus sp. nov. (holotype CGMCC 2.5580) and Solicoccozyma aquatica sp. nov. (holotype CGMCC 2.5574) are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Hua Li
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Bi-Si Jia
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Zi-Xuan Liu
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - José Paulo Sampaio
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciênciase Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Yu-Guang Zhou
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
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18
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Yurkov AM, Sannino C, Turchetti B. Mrakia fibulata sp. nov., a psychrotolerant yeast from temperate and cold habitats. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2019; 113:499-510. [PMID: 31754948 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tree fluxes are sugar-rich, sometimes ephemeral, substrates occurring on sites where tree sap (xylem or phloem) is leaking through damages of tree bark. Tree sap infested with microorganisms has been the source of isolation of many species, including the biotechnologically relevant carotenoid yeast Phaffia rhodozyma. Tree fluxes recently sampled in Germany yielded 19 species, including several psychrophilic yeasts of the genus Mrakia. Four strains from tree fluxes represented a potential novel Mrakia species previously known from two isolates from superficial glacial melting water of Calderone Glacier (Italy). The Italian isolates, originally identified as Mrakia aquatica, and two strains from Germany did not show any sexual structures. But another culture collected in Germany produced clamped hyphae with teliospores. A detailed examination of the five isolates (three from Germany and two from Italy) proved them to be a novel yeast species, which is described in this manuscript as Mrakia fibulata sp. nov. (MB 830398), holotype DSM 103931 and isotype DBVPG 8059. In contrast to other sexually reproducing Mrakia species, M. fibulata produces true hyphae with clamp connections. Also, this is the first psychrotolerant Mrakia species which grows above 20 °C. Spring tree fluxes are widespread and can be recognized and sampled by amateurs in a Citizen Science project. This substrate is a prominent source of yeasts, and may harbor unknown species, as demonstrated in the present work. The description of Mrakia fibulata is dedicated to our volunteer helpers and amateurs, like Anna Yurkova (9-years-old daughter of Andrey Yurkov), who collected the sample which yielded the type strain of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Yurkov
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7B, 38124, Brunswick, Germany.
| | - C Sannino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences & Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - B Turchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences & Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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19
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de Menezes GC, Amorim SS, Gonçalves VN, Godinho VM, Simões JC, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Diversity, Distribution, and Ecology of Fungi in the Seasonal Snow of Antarctica. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E445. [PMID: 31614720 PMCID: PMC6843862 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized the fungal community found in the winter seasonal snow of the Antarctic Peninsula. From the samples of snow, 234 fungal isolates were obtained and could be assigned to 51 taxa of 26 genera. Eleven yeast species displayed the highest densities; among them, Phenoliferia glacialis showed a broad distribution and was detected at all sites that were sampled. Fungi known to be opportunistic in humans were subjected to antifungal minimal inhibition concentration. Debaryomyces hansenii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium sp. 3, and Penicillium sp. 4 displayed resistance against the antifungals benomyl and fluconazole. Among them, R. mucilaginosa isolates were able to grow at 37 °C. Our results show that the winter seasonal snow of the Antarctic Peninsula contains a diverse fungal community dominated by cosmopolitan ubiquitous fungal species previously found in tropical, temperate, and polar ecosystems. The high densities of these cosmopolitan fungi suggest that they could be present in the air that arrives at the Antarctic Peninsula by air masses from outside Antarctica. Additionally, we detected environmental fungal isolates that were resistant to agricultural and clinical antifungals and able to grow at 37 °C. Further studies will be needed to characterize the virulence potential of these fungi in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciéle C.A. de Menezes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (S.S.A.); (V.N.G.); (V.M.G.); (C.A.R.)
| | - Soraya S. Amorim
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (S.S.A.); (V.N.G.); (V.M.G.); (C.A.R.)
| | - Vívian N. Gonçalves
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (S.S.A.); (V.N.G.); (V.M.G.); (C.A.R.)
| | - Valéria M. Godinho
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (S.S.A.); (V.N.G.); (V.M.G.); (C.A.R.)
| | - Jefferson C. Simões
- Centro Polar e Climático, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91201-970, Brazil;
| | - Carlos A. Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (S.S.A.); (V.N.G.); (V.M.G.); (C.A.R.)
| | - Luiz H. Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil (S.S.A.); (V.N.G.); (V.M.G.); (C.A.R.)
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20
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Setianingrum F, Rautemaa-Richardson R, Denning DW. Pulmonary cryptococcosis: A review of pathobiology and clinical aspects. Med Mycol 2019; 57:133-150. [PMID: 30329097 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary cryptococcosis is an important opportunistic invasive mycosis in immunocompromised patients, but it is also increasingly seen in immunocompetent patients. The main human pathogens are Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii, which have a worldwide distribution. In contrast to cryptococcal meningitis, pulmonary cryptococcosis is still underdiagnosed because of limitations in diagnostic tools. It can mimic lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia, and other pulmonary mycoses both clinically and radiologically. Pulmonary nodules are the most common radiological feature, but these are not specific to pulmonary cryptococcosis. The sensitivity of culture of respiratory samples for Cryptococcus is poor and a positive result may also reflect colonisation. Cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) with lateral flow device is a fast and sensitive test and widely used on serum and cerebrospinal fluid, but sera from patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis are rarely positive in the absence of disseminated disease. Detection of CrAg from respiratory specimens might assist the diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis but there are very few data. Molecular detection techniques such as multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) could also provide better sensitivity but these still require validation for respiratory specimens. The first line of treatment for pulmonary cryptococcosis is fluconazole, or amphotericin B and flucytosine for those with central nervous system involvement. Pulmonary cryptococcosis worsens the prognosis of cryptococcal meningitis. In this review, we summarize the biological aspects of Cryptococcus and provide an update on the diagnosis and management of pulmonary cryptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Findra Setianingrum
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
- Parasitology Department, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Riina Rautemaa-Richardson
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
- Mycology Reference Centre Manchester, ECMM Centre of Excellence in Clinical and Laboratory Mycology and Clinical Studies, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wythenshawe Hospital Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - David W Denning
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wythenshawe Hospital Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- National Aspergillosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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21
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Dresch P, Falbesoner J, Ennemoser C, Hittorf M, Kuhnert R, Peintner U. Emerging from the ice-fungal communities are diverse and dynamic in earliest soil developmental stages of a receding glacier. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:1864-1880. [PMID: 30888722 PMCID: PMC6849718 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We used amplicon sequencing and isolation of fungi from in-growth mesh bags to identify active fungi in three earliest stages of soil development (SSD) at a glacier forefield (0-3, 9-14, 18-25 years after retreat of glacial ice). Soil organic matter and nutrient concentrations were extremely low, but the fungal diversity was high [220 operational taxonomic units (OTUs)/138 cultivated OTUs]. A clear successional trend was observed along SSDs, and species richness increased with time. Distinct changes in fungal community composition occurred with the advent of vascular plants. Fungal communities of recently deglaciated soil are most distinctive and rather similar to communities typical for cryoconite or ice. This indicates melting water as an important inoculum for native soil. Moreover, distinct seasonal differences were detected in fungal communities. Some fungal taxa, especially of the class Microbotryomycetes, showed a clear preference for winter and early SSD. Our results provide insight into new facets regarding the ecology of fungal taxa, for example, by showing that many fungal taxa might have an alternative, saprobial lifestyle in snow-covered, as supposed for a few biotrophic plant pathogens of class Pucciniomycetes. The isolated fungi include a high proportion of unknown species, which can be formally described and used for experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Dresch
- Institute of MicrobiologyUniversity InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | | | | | - Regina Kuhnert
- Institute of MicrobiologyUniversity InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Ursula Peintner
- Institute of MicrobiologyUniversity InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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22
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Koivusaari P, Tejesvi MV, Tolkkinen M, Markkola A, Mykrä H, Pirttilä AM. Fungi Originating From Tree Leaves Contribute to Fungal Diversity of Litter in Streams. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:651. [PMID: 31001228 PMCID: PMC6454979 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomass production and decomposition are key processes in ecology, where plants are primarily responsible for production and microbes act in decomposition. Trees harbor foliar microfungi living on and inside leaf tissues, epiphytes, and endophytes, respectively. Early researchers hypothesized that all fungal endophytes are parasites or latent saprophytes, which slowly colonize the leaf tissues for decomposition. While this has been proven for some strains in the terrestrial environment, it is not known whether foliar microfungi from terrestrial origin can survive or perform decomposition in the aquatic environment. On the other hand, aquatic hyphomycetes, fungi which decompose organic material in stream environments, have been suggested to have a plant-associated life phase. Our aim was to study how much the fungal communities of leaves and litter submerged in streams overlap. Ergosterol content on litter, which is an estimator of fungal biomass, was 5-14 times higher in submerged litter than in senescent leaves, indicating active fungal colonization. Leaves generally harbored a different microbiome prior to than after submergence in streams. The Chao1 richness was significantly higher (93.7 vs. 60.7, p = 0.004) and there were more observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (78.3 vs. 47.4, p = 0.004) in senescent leaves than in stream-immersed litter. There were more Leotiomycetes (9%, p = 0.014) in the litter. We identified a group of 35 fungi (65%) with both plant- and water-associated lifestyles. Of these, eight taxa had no previous references to water, such as lichenicolous fungi. Six OTUs were classified within Glomeromycota, known as obligate root symbionts with no previous records from leaves. Five members of Basidiomycota, which are rare in aquatic environments, were identified in the stream-immersed litter only. Overall, our study demonstrates that foliar microfungi contribute to fungal diversity in submerged litter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mysore V Tejesvi
- Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Chain Antimicrobials Oy, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | - Heikki Mykrä
- Freshwater Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Oulu, Finland
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23
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Fotedar R, Fell JW, Boekhout T, Kolecka A, Zeyara A, Kaul R, Malki AA, Marri MA. Cystobasidium halotolerans sp. nov., a novel basidiomycetous yeast species isolated from the Arabian Gulf. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2019; 69:839-845. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Fotedar
- 1Department of Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology Centre, Ministry of Environment, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jack W. Fell
- 2Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Key Biscayne, Florida, USA
| | - Teun Boekhout
- 3Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- 4Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Kolecka
- 3Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aisha Zeyara
- 1Department of Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology Centre, Ministry of Environment, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Amina Al- Malki
- 1Department of Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology Centre, Ministry of Environment, Doha, Qatar
| | - Masoud Al Marri
- 1Department of Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology Centre, Ministry of Environment, Doha, Qatar
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24
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Vero S, Garmendia G, Martínez-Silveira A, Cavello I, Wisniewski M. Yeast Activities Involved in Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles in Antarctica. SPRINGER POLAR SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02786-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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25
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Metabarcoding analysis of the fungal biodiversity associated with Castaño Overa Glacier – Mount Tronador, Patagonia, Argentina. FUNGAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Luo B, Sun H, Zhang Y, Gu Y, Yan W, Zhang R, Ni Y. Habitat-specificity and diversity of culturable cold-adapted yeasts of a cold-based glacier in the Tianshan Mountains, northwestern China. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:2311-2327. [PMID: 30483846 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Asian cold-based glacier yeasts with respect to their abundance, distribution, and taxonomy, in contrast to other continental cryosphere areas, have been little investigated. The present study reports the diversity and phylogeny of culturable cold-adapted yeasts in six cold habitats of the Glacier No.1 in the Tianshan Mountains (northwestern China). Of the total 591 yeast isolates, 401 were identified as basidiomycetous yeasts represented by 41 species of 15 genera, while 190 ascomycetous yeast isolates were assigned to the 8 species of 7 genera. The most prevalent species was Candida akabanensis with a 19.8% frequency of occurrence, followed by Vishniacozyma victoriae (16.4%) and Diutina rugosa (9.98%), of which V. victoriae was the only yeast species common to all six glacial habitats. Variability on the component and abundance of yeast taxa among glacial habitats primarily displayed in four dominant yeast genera, namely Candida, Vishniacozyma, Filobasidium, and Naganishia. However, network analysis illustrated that most of 32 rare yeast populations were habitat-specific, implying that the low-abundance yeast population was more easily influenced by the local habitat conditions (species sorting). Based on indicator species analyses, the subglacial habitat was characterized by psychrotolerant and/or psychrophilic yeast taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Luo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Fourth Nouth Ave., Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Fourth Nouth Ave., Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Fourth Nouth Ave., Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Gu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Fourth Nouth Ave., Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Yan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Fourth Nouth Ave., Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Fourth Nouth Ave., Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Ni
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Fourth Nouth Ave., Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Poveda G, Gil-Durán C, Vaca I, Levicán G, Chávez R. Cold-active pectinolytic activity produced by filamentous fungi associated with Antarctic marine sponges. Biol Res 2018; 51:28. [PMID: 30149803 PMCID: PMC6109986 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pectinase enzymes catalyze the breakdown of pectin, a key component of the plant cell wall. At industrial level, pectinases are used in diverse applications, especially in food-processing industry. Currently, most of the industrial pectinases have optimal activity at mesophilic temperatures. On the contrary, very little is known about the pectinolytic activities from organisms from cold climates such as Antarctica. In this work, 27 filamentous fungi isolated from marine sponges collected in King George Island, Antarctica, were screened as new source of cold-active pectinases. Results In semi-quantitative plate assays, 8 out 27 of these isolates showed pectinolytic activities at 15 °C and one of them, Geomyces sp. strain F09-T3-2, showed the highest production of pectinases in liquid medium containing pectin as sole carbon source. More interesting, Geomyces sp. F09-T3-2 showed optimal pectinolytic activity at 30 °C, 10 °C under the temperature of currently available commercial mesophilic pectinases. Conclusion Filamentous fungi associated with Antarctic marine sponges are a promising source of pectinolytic activity. In particular, pectinases from Geomyces sp. F09-T3-2 may be potentially suitable for biotechnological applications needing cold-active pectinases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the production of pectinolytic activity from filamentous fungi from any environment in Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Poveda
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Gil-Durán
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile
| | - Inmaculada Vaca
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gloria Levicán
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renato Chávez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile.
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Gomes ECQ, Godinho VM, Silva DAS, de Paula MTR, Vitoreli GA, Zani CL, Alves TMA, Junior PAS, Murta SMF, Barbosa EC, Oliveira JG, Oliveira FS, Carvalho CR, Ferreira MC, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Cultivable fungi present in Antarctic soils: taxonomy, phylogeny, diversity, and bioprospecting of antiparasitic and herbicidal metabolites. Extremophiles 2018; 22:381-393. [PMID: 29332141 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-018-1003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular biology techniques were used to identify 218 fungi from soil samples collected from four islands of Antarctica. These consisted of 22 taxa of 15 different genera belonging to the Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota. Mortierella, Antarctomyces, Pseudogymnoascus, and Penicillium were the most frequently isolated genera and Penicillium tardochrysogenum, Penicillium verrucosus, Goffeauzyma gilvescens, and Mortierella sp. 2 the most abundant taxa. All fungal isolates were cultivated using solid-state fermentation to obtain their crude extracts. Pseudogymnoascus destructans, Mortierella parvispora, and Penicillium chrysogenum displayed antiparasitic activities, whilst extracts of P. destructans, Mortierella amoeboidea, Mortierella sp. 3, and P. tardochrysogenum showed herbicidal activities. Reported as pathogenic for bats, different isolates of P. destructans exhibited trypanocidal activities and herbicidal activity, and may be a source of bioactive molecules to be considered for chemotherapy against neglected tropical diseases. The abundant presence of P. destructans in soils of the four islands gives evidence supporting that soils in the Antarctic Peninsula constitute a natural source of strains of this genus, including some P. destructans strains that are phylogenetically close to those that infect bats in North America and Europe/Palearctic Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldon C Q Gomes
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Valéria M Godinho
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Débora A S Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maria T R de Paula
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gislaine A Vitoreli
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Carlos L Zani
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ-MG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tânia M A Alves
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ-MG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Silvane M F Murta
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ-MG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Emerson C Barbosa
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ-MG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio S Oliveira
- Department of Geography, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila R Carvalho
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mariana C Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Rosa
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luiz H Rosa
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
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Maharana AK, Singh SM. A cold and organic solvent tolerant lipase produced by Antarctic strain Rhodotorula sp. Y-23. J Basic Microbiol 2018; 58:331-342. [PMID: 29442377 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Psychrotolerant yeast Rhodotorula sp. Y-23 was isolated from the sediment core sub-samples of Nella Lake, East Antarctica. Isolate was screened for lipase production using plate assay method followed by submerged fermentation. Production optimization revealed the maximum lipase production by using palmolein oil (5% v/v), pH 8.0 and inoculum size of 2.5% v/v at 15 °C. The potential inducers for lipase were 1% w/v of galactose and KNO3 , and MnCl2 (0.1% w/v). Final productions with optimized conditions gave 5.47-fold increase in lipase production. Dialyzed product gave a purification fold of 5.63 with specific activity of 26.83 U mg-1 and 15.67% yields. This lipase was more stable at pH 5.0 and -20 °C whereas more activity was found at pH 8.0 and 35 °C. Stability was more in 50 mM Fe3+ , EDTA-Na (20 mM), sodium deoxycholate (20 mM), H2 O2 (1% v/v), and almost all organic solvents (50% v/v). Tolerance capacity at wider range of pH and temperature with having lower Km value i.e., 0.08 mg ml-1 and higher Vmax 385.68 U mg-1 at 15 °C make the studied lipase useful for industrial applications. Besides this, the lipase was compatible with commercially available detergents, and its addition to them increases lipid degradation performances making it a potential candidate in detergent formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhas K Maharana
- Polar Biology Laboratory, National Center for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa, India
| | - Shiv M Singh
- Polar Biology Laboratory, National Center for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa, India
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30
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Furbino LE, Pellizzari FM, Neto PC, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Isolation of fungi associated with macroalgae from maritime Antarctica and their production of agarolytic and carrageenolytic activities. Polar Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Brandão LR, Vaz AB, Espírito Santo LC, Pimenta RS, Morais PB, Libkind D, Rosa LH, Rosa CA. Diversity and biogeographical patterns of yeast communities in Antarctic, Patagonian and tropical lakes. FUNGAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Genetic diversity of yeasts from East Ongul Island, East Antarctica and their extracellular enzymes secretion. Polar Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pectinolytic yeasts from cold environments: novel findings of Guehomyces pullulans, Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum and Cryptococcus adeliensis producing pectinases. Extremophiles 2016; 21:319-329. [PMID: 28004216 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-016-0904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and three yeasts isolated from soil samples from King George Island and Tierra del Fuego province were screened in relation with their capability to produce pectinolytic enzymes. Although all the yeasts showed well-developed colonies at 20 °C, only eight showed a clear halo around the colony, indicative of pectin degradation. A secondary screening demonstrated that only four yeasts were capable to produce pectinases at low temperatures (8 °C). It could be seen that the selected yeasts were able to grow and produce high levels of polygalacturonase activity when submerged fermentations were performed using pectin-containing fruit wastes as substrates. None of the strains produced neither lyase nor rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase activities. Regarding pectin esterase activity, it was only produced in lower amounts by G. pullulans 8E (0.022 U ml-1). A TLC analysis of the substrate cleavage pattern of the pectinolytic systems was consistent with an endo-type activity. The clarification of apple juice was only accomplished by G. pullulans pectinolytic system, with a clarification of 80% (%T650) using 4 U/ml of enzyme at 20 °C. As far as we concern this work describes for the first time the production of pectinases by the cold-adapted yeasts species Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum, Cryptococcus adeliensis and G. pullulans.
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Characterization of basidiomycetous yeasts in hypersaline soils of the Urmia Lake National Park, Iran. Extremophiles 2016; 20:915-928. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-016-0883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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Martinez A, Cavello I, Garmendia G, Rufo C, Cavalitto S, Vero S. Yeasts from sub-Antarctic region: biodiversity, enzymatic activities and their potential as oleaginous microorganisms. Extremophiles 2016; 20:759-69. [PMID: 27469174 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-016-0865-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Various microbial groups are well known to produce a range of extracellular enzymes and other secondary metabolites. However, the occurrence and importance of investment in such activities have received relatively limited attention in studies of Antarctic soil microbiota. Sixty-one yeasts strains were isolated from King George Island, Antarctica which were characterized physiologically and identified at the molecular level using the D1/D2 region of rDNA. Fifty-eight yeasts (belonging to the genera Cryptococcus, Leucosporidiella, Rhodotorula, Guehomyces, Candida, Metschnikowia and Debaryomyces) were screened for extracellular amylolytic, proteolytic, esterasic, pectinolytic, inulolytic xylanolytic and cellulolytic activities at low and moderate temperatures. Esterase activity was the most common enzymatic activity expressed by the yeast isolates regardless the assay temperature and inulinase was the second most common enzymatic activity. No cellulolytic activity was detected. One yeast identified as Guehomyces pullulans (8E) showed significant activity across six of seven enzymes types tested. Twenty-eight yeast isolates were classified as oleaginous, being the isolate 8E the strain that accumulated the highest levels of saponifiable lipids (42 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinez
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - I Cavello
- Research and Development Center for Industrial Fermentations, CINDEFI (CONICET, La Plata, UNLP), Calle 47 y 115 (B1900ASH), La Plata, Argentina
| | - G Garmendia
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - C Rufo
- Facultad de Química, Instituto Polo Tecnológico, Universidad de la República, By Pass Ruta 8 s/n, Pando, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - S Cavalitto
- Research and Development Center for Industrial Fermentations, CINDEFI (CONICET, La Plata, UNLP), Calle 47 y 115 (B1900ASH), La Plata, Argentina
| | - S Vero
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Tsuji M. Cold-stress responses in the Antarctic basidiomycetous yeast Mrakia blollopis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160106. [PMID: 27493768 PMCID: PMC4968460 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Microbes growing at subzero temperatures encounter numerous growth constraints. However, fungi that inhabit cold environments can grow and decompose organic compounds under subzero temperatures. Thus, understanding the cold-adaptation strategies of fungi under extreme environments is critical for elucidating polar-region ecosystems. Here, I report that two strains of the Antarctic basidiomycetous yeast Mrakia blollopis exhibited distinct growth characteristics under subzero conditions: SK-4 grew efficiently, whereas TKG1-2 did not. I analysed the metabolite responses elicited by cold stress in these two M. blollopis strains by using capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. M. blollopis SK-4, which grew well under subzero temperatures, accumulated high levels of TCA-cycle metabolites, lactic acid, aromatic amino acids and polyamines in response to cold shock. Polyamines are recognized to function in cell-growth and developmental processes, and aromatic amino acids are also known to improve cell growth at low temperatures. By contrast, in TKG1-2, which did not grow efficiently, cold stress strongly induced the metabolites of the TCA cycle, but other metabolites were not highly accumulated in the cell. Thus, these differences in metabolite responses could contribute to the distinct abilities of SK-4 and TKG1-2 cells to grow under subzero temperature conditions.
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37
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Spoilage of vacuum-packed beef by the yeast Kazachstania psychrophila. Food Microbiol 2016; 53:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Tsuji M, Kudoh S, Hoshino T. Ethanol productivity of cryophilic basidiomycetous yeast Mrakia spp. correlates with ethanol tolerance. MYCOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Alcaíno J, Cifuentes V, Baeza M. Physiological adaptations of yeasts living in cold environments and their potential applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:1467-73. [PMID: 26160010 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts, widely distributed across the Earth, have successfully colonized cold environments despite their adverse conditions for life. Lower eukaryotes play important ecological roles, contributing to nutrient recycling and organic matter mineralization. Yeasts have developed physiological adaptations to optimize their metabolism in low-temperature environments, which affect the rates of biochemical reactions and membrane fluidity. Decreased saturation of fatty acids helps maintain membrane fluidity at low temperatures and the production of compounds that inhibit ice crystallization, such as antifreeze proteins, helps microorganisms survive at temperatures around the freezing point of water. Furthermore, the production of hydrolytic extracellular enzymes active at low temperatures allows consumption of available carbon sources. Beyond their ecological importance, interest in psychrophilic yeasts has increased because of their biotechnological potential and industrial uses. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids have beneficial effects on human health, and antifreeze proteins are attractive for food industries to maintain texture in food preserved at low temperatures. Furthermore, extracellular cold-active enzymes display unusual substrate specificities with higher catalytic efficiency at low temperatures than their mesophilic counterparts, making them attractive for industrial processes requiring high enzymatic activity at low temperatures. In this minireview, we describe the physiological adaptations of several psychrophilic yeasts and their possible biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Alcaíno
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Víctor Cifuentes
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Marcelo Baeza
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.
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Comparative analysis of milk fat decomposition activity by Mrakia spp. isolated from Skarvsnes ice-free area, East Antarctica. Cryobiology 2015; 70:293-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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de García V, Coelho MA, Maia TM, Rosa LH, Vaz AM, Rosa CA, Sampaio JP, Gonçalves P, van Broock M, Libkind D. Sex in the cold: taxonomic reorganization of psychrotolerant yeasts in the order Leucosporidiales. FEMS Yeast Res 2015; 15:fov019. [PMID: 25903381 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fov019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of Leucosporidiales are a group of psychrotolerant yeasts with biotechnological potential. In the present work, we studied the phenotypic, genetic and sexual characteristics of three species of this genus (Leucosporidium scottii, Leucosporidiella creatinivora and Le. yakutica) to clarify the evolutionary relationship among these closely related taxa. From the results obtained, it becomes clear that these yeasts can interbreed. Although genetic delimitation is possible for the three species, the extent of nucleotide substitutions and phenotypic differences observed between them are lower than that expected for species that have ended the speciation process. Our taxonomic conclusion is to maintain the three taxa until further genomic data are gathered. However, the concept of L. scottii species complex is proposed for this group of species. Finally, we transfer all Leucosporidiella and Mastigobasidium species to Leucosporidium (Leucosporidiales), and, in order to end the polyphyly condition of these taxa, we propose the new genus Pseudoleucosporidium gen. nov. and the new combination Peudoleucosporidium fasciculatum comb. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia de García
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, INIBIOMA-CONICET, Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro C.P. 8400, Argentina
| | - Marco A Coelho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Teresa M Maia
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luiz H Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Aline Martins Vaz
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - José Paulo Sampaio
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Paula Gonçalves
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - María van Broock
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, INIBIOMA-CONICET, Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro C.P. 8400, Argentina
| | - Diego Libkind
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, INIBIOMA-CONICET, Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro C.P. 8400, Argentina
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Gomes FCO, Safar SVB, Marques AR, Medeiros AO, Santos ARO, Carvalho C, Lachance MA, Sampaio JP, Rosa CA. The diversity and extracellular enzymatic activities of yeasts isolated from water tanks of Vriesea minarum, an endangered bromeliad species in Brazil, and the description of Occultifur brasiliensis f.a., sp. nov. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2014; 107:597-611. [PMID: 25515414 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-014-0356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of yeast species collected from the bromeliad tanks of Vriesea minarum, an endangered bromeliad species, and their ability to produce extracellular enzymes were studied. Water samples were collected from 30 tanks of bromeliads living in a rupestrian field site located at Serrada Piedade, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, during both the dry and rainy seasons. Thirty-six species were isolated, representing 22 basidiomycetous and 14 ascomycetous species. Occultifur sp., Cryptococcus podzolicus and Cryptococcus sp. 1 were the prevalent basidiomycetous species. The yeast-like fungus from the order Myriangiales, Candida silvae and Aureobasidium pullulans were the most frequent ascomycetous species. The diversity of the yeast communities obtained between seasons was not significantly different, but the yeast composition per bromeliad was different between seasons. These results suggest that there is significant spatial heterogeneity in the composition of populations of the yeast communities within bromeliad tanks, independent of the season. Among the 352 yeast isolates tested, 282 showed at least one enzymatic activity. Protease activity was the most widely expressed extracellular enzymatic activity, followed by xylanase, amylase, pectinase and cellulase activities. These enzymes may increase the carbon and nitrogen availability for the microbial food web in the bromeliad tank of V. minarum. Sequence analyses revealed the existence of 10 new species, indicating that bromeliad tanks are important sources of new yeasts. The novel species Occultifur brasiliensis, f.a., sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate the most frequently isolated yeast associated with V. minarum. The type strain of O. brasiliensis, f.a., sp. nov. is UFMG-CM-Y375(T) (= CBS 12687(T)). The Mycobank number is MB 809816.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima C O Gomes
- Departamento de Química, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30421-169, Brazil
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43
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Two yeast species Cystobasidium psychroaquaticum f.a. sp. nov. and Cystobasidium rietchieii f.a. sp. nov. isolated from natural environments, and the transfer of Rhodotorula minuta clade members to the genus Cystobasidium. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2014; 107:173-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-014-0315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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44
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Turchetti B, Selbmann L, Blanchette RA, Di Mauro S, Marchegiani E, Zucconi L, Arenz BE, Buzzini P. Cryptococcus vaughanmartiniae sp. nov. and Cryptococcus onofrii sp. nov.: two new species isolated from worldwide cold environments. Extremophiles 2014; 19:149-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-014-0692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Rovati JI, Pajot HF, Ruberto L, Mac Cormack W, Figueroa LIC. Polyphenolic substrates and dyes degradation by yeasts from 25 de Mayo/King George Island (Antarctica). Yeast 2014; 30:459-70. [PMID: 24298603 DOI: 10.1002/yea.2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antarctica offers a range of extreme climatic conditions, such as low temperatures, high solar radiation and low nutrient availability, and constitutes one of the harshest environments on Earth. Despite that, it has been successfully colonized by ’cold-loving’ fungi, which play a key role in decomposition cycles in cold ecosystems. However, knowledge about the ecological role of yeasts in nutrient or organic matter recycling/mineralization remains highly fragmentary. The aim of this work was to study the yeast microbiota in samples collected on 25 de Mayo/King George Island regarding the scope of their ability to degrade polyphenolic substrates such as lignin and azo dyes. Sixty-one yeast isolates were obtained from 37 samples, including soil, rocks, wood and bones. Molecular analyses based on rDNA sequences revealed that 35 yeasts could be identified at the species level and could be classified in the genera Leucosporidiella, Rhodotorula, Cryptococcus, Bullera and Candida. Cryptococcus victoriae was by far the most ubiquitous species. In total, 33% of the yeast isolates examined showed significant activity for dye decolorization, 25% for laccase activity and 38% for ligninolytic activity. Eleven yeasts did not show positive activity in any of the assays performed and no isolates showed positive activity across all tested substrates. A high diversity of yeasts were isolated in this work, possibly including undescribed species and conspicuous Antarctic yeasts, most of them belonging to oligotrophic, slow-growing and metabolically diverse basidiomycetous genera.
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Mestre MC, Fontenla S, Rosa CA. Ecology of cultivable yeasts in pristine forests in northern Patagonia (Argentina) influenced by different environmental factors. Can J Microbiol 2014; 60:371-82. [PMID: 24849380 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2013-0897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors influencing the occurrence and community structure of soil yeasts in forests are not well studied. There are few studies dedicated to Southern Hemisphere soil yeasts populations and even fewer focused on temperate forests influenced by volcanic activity. The present work aimed to study the ecology of soil yeast communities from pristine forests influenced by different environmental factors (precipitation, physicochemical properties of soil, tree species, soil region, and season). The survey was performed in 4 northern Patagonian forests: 2 dominated by Nothofagus pumilio and 2 by Nothofagus antarctica. Yeast communities were described with ecological indices and species accumulation curves, and their association with environmental characteristics was assessed using multivariate analysis. Each forest site showed a particular arrangement of species as a result of environmental characteristics, such as dominant plant species, nutrient availability, and climatic characteristics. Cryptococcus podzolicus was most frequently isolated in nutrient-rich soils, Trichosporon porosum dominated cold mountain forests with low nutrient and water availability in soil, and capsulated yeasts such as Cryptococcus phenolicus dominated forest sites with low precipitation. The present work suggests that environmental factors affecting yeast communities may not be the current soil characteristics but the result of complex interactions of factors including natural disturbances like volcanic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cecilia Mestre
- a Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche (CRUB), UNCO-INIBIOMA (Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET), Quintral 1250, Bariloche (8400), Río Negro, Argentina
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Selbmann L, Zucconi L, Onofri S, Cecchini C, Isola D, Turchetti B, Buzzini P. Taxonomic and phenotypic characterization of yeasts isolated from worldwide cold rock-associated habitats. Fungal Biol 2014; 118:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Del-Cid A, Ubilla P, Ravanal MC, Medina E, Vaca I, Levicán G, Eyzaguirre J, Chávez R. Cold-active xylanase produced by fungi associated with Antarctic marine sponges. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:524-32. [PMID: 24096527 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite their potential biotechnological applications, cold-active xylanolytic enzymes have been poorly studied. In this work, 38 fungi isolated from marine sponges collected in King George Island, Antarctica, were screened as new sources of cold-active xylanases. All of them showed xylanase activity at 15 and 23 °C in semiquantitative plate assays. One of these isolates, Cladosporium sp., showed the highest activity and was characterized in detail. Cladosporium sp. showed higher xylanolytic activity when grown on beechwood or birchwood xylan and wheat bran, but wheat straw and oat bran were not so good inducers of this activity. The optimal pH for xylanase activity was 6.0, although pH stability was slightly wider (pH 5-7). On the other hand, Cladosporium sp. showed high xylanase activity at low temperatures and very low thermal stability. Interestingly, thermal stability was even lower after culture media were removed and replaced by buffer, suggesting that low molecular component(s) of the culture media could be important in the stabilization of cold-active xylanase activity. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report on extracellular xylanase production by fungi associated with Antarctic marine sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdiel Del-Cid
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile
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Laich F, Vaca I, Chávez R. Rhodotorula portillonensis sp. nov., a basidiomycetous yeast isolated from Antarctic shallow-water marine sediment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:3884-3891. [PMID: 23934251 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.052753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the characterization of the mycobiota associated with shallow-water marine environments from Antarctic sea, a novel pink yeast species was isolated. Sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rDNA gene and 5.8S-ITS regions revealed that the isolated yeast was closely related to Rhodotorula pallida CBS 320(T) and Rhodotorula benthica CBS 9124(T). On the basis of morphological, biochemical and physiological characterization and phylogenetic analyses, a novel basidiomycetous yeast species, Rhodotorula portillonensis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is Pi2(T) ( = CBS 12733(T) = CECT 13081(T)) which was isolated from shallow-water marine sediment in Fildes Bay, King George Island, Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Laich
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Ctra. Boquerón s/n, Valle de Guerra, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Vaca
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renato Chávez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile
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Tsuji M, Fujiu S, Xiao N, Hanada Y, Kudoh S, Kondo H, Tsuda S, Hoshino T. Cold adaptation of fungi obtained from soil and lake sediment in the Skarvsnes ice-free area, Antarctica. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2013; 346:121-30. [PMID: 23862768 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 71 isolates were collected from lake sediment and soil surrounding lakes in the Skarvsnes area, Antarctica. Based on ITS region sequence similarity, these isolates were classified to 10 genera. Twenty-three isolates were categorized as ascomycetous fungi from five genera (Embellisia, Phoma, Geomyces, Tetracladium or Thelebolus) and 48 isolates were categorized as basidiomycetous fungi in five genera (Mrakia, Cryptococcus, Dioszegia, Rhodotorula or Leucosporidium). Thirty-five percent of culturable fungi were of the genus Mrakia. Eighteen isolates from eight genera were selected and tested for both antifreeze activity and capacity for growth under temperatures ranging from -1 to 25 °C. Rhodotorula sp. NHT-2 possessed a high degree of sequence homology with R. gracialis, while Leucosporidium sp. BSS-1 possessed a high degree of sequence homology with Leu. antarcticum (Glaciozyma antarctica), and these two isolates demonstrated antifreeze activity. All isolates examined were capable of growth at -1 °C. Mrakia spp., while capable of growth at -1 °C, did not demonstrate any antifreeze activity and exhibited only limited secretion of extracellular polysaccharides. Species of the genus Mrakia possessed high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, suggesting that members of this genus have adapted to cold environments by increasing their membrane fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Tsuji
- Biomass Refinery Research Center (BRRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hiroshima, Japan
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