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Kitpipit W, Scholfield CN, Sangkanu S, Nissapatorn V, Pereira MDL, Paul AK, Mitsuwan W. Virulence factors and quorum sensing as targets of new therapeutic options by plant-derived compounds against bacterial infections caused by human and animal pathogens. Vet World 2023; 16:1346-1355. [PMID: 37577190 PMCID: PMC10421536 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1346-1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and hospital-acquired bacterial infection has become rampant due to antibiotic overuse. Virulence factors are secondary to bacterial growth and are important in their pathogenesis, and therefore, new antimicrobial therapies to inhibit bacterial virulence factors are becoming important strategies against antibiotic resistance. Here, we focus on anti-virulence factors that act through anti-quorum sensing and the subsequent clearance of bacteria by antimicrobial compounds, especially active herbal extracts. These quorum sensing systems are based on toxins, biofilms, and efflux pumps, and bioactive compounds isolated from medicinal plants can treat bacterial virulence pathologies. Ideally, bacterial virulence factors are secondary growth factors of bacteria. Hence, inhibition of bacterial virulence factors could reduce bacterial pathogenesis. Furthermore, anti-virulence factors from herbal compounds can be developed as novel treatments for bacterial infection. Therefore, this narrative review aims to discuss bacterial virulence factors acting through quorum sensing systems that are preserved as targets for treating bacterial infection by plant-derived compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warangkana Kitpipit
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
- One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
- Food Technology and Innovation Center of Excellence, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - C. Norman Scholfield
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
- One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Suthinee Sangkanu
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team, World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery, and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team, World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery, and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alok K. Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Watcharapong Mitsuwan
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
- One Health Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Innovation of Essential Oil and Bioactive Compounds, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
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Pei ZJ, Li C, Dai W, Lou Z, Sun X, Wang H, Khan AA, Wan C. The Anti-Biofilm Activity and Mechanism of Apigenin-7-O-Glucoside Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:2129-2140. [PMID: 37070126 PMCID: PMC10105580 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s387157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to examine the anti-biofilm activity and mechanism of gallic acid (GA), kaempferol-7-O-glucoside (K7G) and apigenin-7-O-glucoside (A7G) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Methods The antibacterial activity of the natural compounds was determined by serial dilution method. The inhibitory activity of natural compounds on biofilms was determined by crystal violet staining method. The effects and mechanisms of natural compounds on bacterial biofilms were analyzed by atomic force microscopy. Results In our study, compared with GA and K7G, A7G was found to exhibit the strongest anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities. The minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of A7G against S. aureus and E. coli was 0.20 mg/mL and 0.10 mg/mL, respectively. The inhibition rates of 1/2 MIC of A7G on biofilms of S. aureus and E. coli were 88.9%, and 83.2% respectively. Moreover, atomic force microscope (AFM) images showed the three-dimensional biofilm morphology of S. aureus and E. coli, and the results indicated that A7G was highly effective in biofilm inhibition. Discussion It was found that the inhibition of A7G on biofilm was achieved through inhibiting on exopolysaccharides (EPS), quorum sensing (QS), and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH). A7G exerted strong anti-biofilm activities by inhibiting EPS production, QS, and CSH. Hence, A7G, as a natural substance, could be a promising novel antibacterial and anti-biofilm agent for control of biofilm in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Jun Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Technology Center of Bright Dairy and Food Company Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Technology Center of Bright Dairy and Food Company Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenna Dai
- School of Food Science, Wuhu Institute of Technology, Wuhu, 241006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zaixiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zaixiang Lou, Email
| | - Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Technology Center of Bright Dairy and Food Company Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Research Center of Tea and Tea Culture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Research Center of Tea and Tea Culture, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People’s Republic of China
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Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KAU007 Extract Modulates Critical Virulence Attributes and Biofilm Formation in Sinusitis Causing Streptococcus pyogenes. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122702. [PMID: 36559194 PMCID: PMC9780990 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is one of the most common bacteria causing sinusitis in children and adult patients. Probiotics are known to cause antagonistic effects on S. pyogenes growth and biofilm formation. In the present study, we demonstrated the anti-biofilm and anti-virulence properties of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KAU007 against S. pyogenes ATCC 8668. The antibacterial potential of L. plantarum KAU007 metabolite extract (LME) purified from the cell-free supernatant of L. plantarum KAU007 was evaluated in terms of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). LME was further analyzed for its anti-biofilm potential using crystal violet assay and microscopic examination. Furthermore, the effect of LME was tested on the important virulence attributes of S. pyogenes, such as secreted protease production, hemolysis, extracellular polymeric substance production, and cell surface hydrophobicity. Additionally, the impact of LME on the expression of genes associated with biofilm formation and virulence attributes was analyzed using qPCR. The results revealed that LME significantly inhibited the growth and survival of S. pyogenes at a low concentration (MIC, 9.76 µg/mL; MBC, 39.06 µg/mL). Furthermore, LME inhibited biofilm formation and mitigated the production of extracellular polymeric substance at a concentration of 4.88 μg/mL in S. pyogenes. The results obtained from qPCR and biochemical assays advocated that LME suppresses the expression of various critical virulence-associated genes, which correspondingly affect various pathogenicity markers and were responsible for the impairment of virulence and biofilm formation in S. pyogenes. The non-hemolytic nature of LME and its anti-biofilm and anti-virulence properties against S. pyogenes invoke further investigation to study the role of LME as an antibacterial agent to combat streptococcal infections.
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Siro G, Pipite A, Christi K, Srinivasan S, Subramani R. Marine Actinomycetes Associated with Stony Corals: A Potential Hotspot for Specialized Metabolites. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071349. [PMID: 35889068 PMCID: PMC9319285 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial secondary metabolites are an important source of antibiotics currently available for combating drug-resistant pathogens. These important secondary metabolites are produced by various microorganisms, including Actinobacteria. Actinobacteria have a colossal genome with a wide array of genes that code for several bioactive metabolites and enzymes. Numerous studies have reported the isolation and screening of millions of strains of actinomycetes from various habitats for specialized metabolites worldwide. Looking at the extent of the importance of actinomycetes in various fields, corals are highlighted as a potential hotspot for untapped secondary metabolites and new bioactive metabolites. Unfortunately, knowledge about the diversity, distribution and biochemistry of marine actinomycetes compared to hard corals is limited. In this review, we aim to summarize the recent knowledge on the isolation, diversity, distribution and discovery of natural compounds from marine actinomycetes associated with hard corals. A total of 11 new species of actinomycetes, representing nine different families of actinomycetes, were recovered from hard corals during the period from 2007 to 2022. In addition, this study examined a total of 13 new compounds produced by five genera of actinomycetes reported from 2017 to 2022 with antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities. Coral-derived actinomycetes have different mechanisms of action against their competitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galana Siro
- School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences (SAGEONS), The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji; (G.S.); (K.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Atanas Pipite
- School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences (SAGEONS), The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji; (G.S.); (K.C.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); or (S.S.)
| | - Ketan Christi
- School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences (SAGEONS), The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji; (G.S.); (K.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Sathiyaraj Srinivasan
- Department of Bio & Environmental Technology, Division of Environmental & Life Science, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women’s University, 623 Hwarangno, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Korea
- Correspondence: (A.P.); or (S.S.)
| | - Ramesh Subramani
- School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences (SAGEONS), The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji; (G.S.); (K.C.); (R.S.)
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Kamarudin AA, Sayuti NH, Saad N, Razak NAA, Esa NM. Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. Bulb: Review of the Pharmacological Activities and Its Prospects for Application. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136747. [PMID: 34201683 PMCID: PMC8268349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural product is an excellent candidate for alternative medicine for disease management. The bulb of E. bulbosa is one of the notable Iridaceae family with a variety therapeutic potential that is widely cultivated in Southeast Asia. The bulb has been used traditionally among the Dayak community as a folk medicine to treat several diseases like diabetes, breast cancer, nasal congestion, and fertility problems. The bulb is exceptionally rich in phytochemicals like phenolic and flavonoid derivatives, naphthalene, anthraquinone, and naphthoquinone. The electronic database was searched using various keywords, i.e., E. bulbosa, E. americana, E. palmifolia, E. platifolia, and others due to the interchangeably used scientific names of different countries. Scientific investigations revealed that various pharmacological activities were recorded from the bulb of E. bulbosa including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, anti-fungi, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, dermatological problems, anti-oxidant, and anti-fertility. The potential application of the bulb in the food industry and in animal nutrition was also discussed to demonstrate its great versatility. This is a compact study and is the first study to review the extensive pharmacological activities of the E. bulbosa bulb and its potential applications. The development of innovative food and pharma products from the bulb of E. bulbosa is of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Akram Kamarudin
- Natural Medicine and Product Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.K.); (N.H.S.); (N.A.A.R.)
| | - Nor Hafiza Sayuti
- Natural Medicine and Product Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.K.); (N.H.S.); (N.A.A.R.)
| | - Norazalina Saad
- Laboratory of Cancer Research UPM-MAKNA (CANRES), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Nor Asma Ab. Razak
- Natural Medicine and Product Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.K.); (N.H.S.); (N.A.A.R.)
| | - Norhaizan Mohd. Esa
- Natural Medicine and Product Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.K.); (N.H.S.); (N.A.A.R.)
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Karthika V, AlSalhi MS, Devanesan S, Gopinath K, Arumugam A, Govindarajan M. Chitosan overlaid Fe 3O 4/rGO nanocomposite for targeted drug delivery, imaging, and biomedical applications. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18912. [PMID: 33144607 PMCID: PMC7641167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A hybrid and straightforward nanosystem that can be used simultaneously for cancer-targeted fluorescence imaging and targeted drug delivery in vitro was reported in this study. A chitosan (CS) polymer coated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and implanted with Fe3O4 nanoparticles was fabricated. The fundamental physicochemical properties were confirmed via FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, XPS, and VSM analysis. The in vivo toxicity study in zebrafish showed that the nanocomposite was not toxic. The in vitro drug loading amount was 0.448 mg/mL-1 for doxorubicin, an anticancer therapeutic, in the rGO/Fe3O4/CS nanocomposite. Furthermore, the pH-regulated release was observed using folic acid. Cellular uptake and multimodal imaging revealed the benefit of the folic acid-conjugated nanocomposite as a drug carrier, which remarkably improves the doxorubicin accumulation inside the cancer cells over-express folate receptors. The rGO/Fe3O4/CS nanocomposite showed enhanced antibiofilm and antioxidant properties compared to other materials. This study's outcomes support the use of the nanocomposite in targeted chemotherapy and the potential applications in the polymer, cosmetic, biomedical, and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Karthika
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26493, South Korea
- Research Chair in Laser Diagnosis of Cancers, College of Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad S AlSalhi
- Research Chair in Laser Diagnosis of Cancers, College of Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Research Chair in Laser Diagnosis of Cancers, College of Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kasi Gopinath
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26493, South Korea
| | - Ayyakannu Arumugam
- Department of Botany, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
| | - Marimuthu Govindarajan
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, 608 002, India
- Department of Zoology, Unit of Natural Products and Nanotechnology, Government College for Women (Autonomous), Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, 612 001, India
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Valliammai A, Selvaraj A, Sangeetha M, Sethupathy S, Pandian SK. 5-Dodecanolide inhibits biofilm formation and virulence of Streptococcus pyogenes by suppressing core regulons of virulence. Life Sci 2020; 262:118554. [PMID: 33035584 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the antibiofilm and antivirulence potential of 5-Dodecanolide (DD) against an exclusive human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes. Biofilm quantification assay showed antibiofilm efficacy of DD with maximum biofilm inhibition of 85% at 225 μg/mL concentration. Efficacy of antibacterial property of DD (225 μg/mL) was confirmed by CFU analysis and Alamar blue assay. Microscopic analyses evidently confirmed micro-colony formation, biofilm thickness and surface coverage were reduced upon DD treatment. In addition, based on the results of in vitro assays, it was noted that DD impaired the synthesis of surface hydrophobicity, slime, hyaluronic acid, hemolysin and protease production. Interestingly, DD increased the autoaggregation of S. pyogenes hence, facilitated enhanced recognition of clumped bacterial cells for innate immune clearance. The results were further validated by the reduced survival of DD treated S. pyogenes in healthy human blood. Consequently, based on the qPCR analysis DD altered the expression of core regulons srv, ropB, mga and genes associated with biofilm formation and virulence such as speB, dltA, srtB, sagA and slo. Hence, the overall results of the present study for the first time revealed the antibiofilm and antivirulence property of DD against clinically important pathogen S. pyogenes and further clinical investigations are required to assess the therapeutic use of DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaguvel Valliammai
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anthonymuthu Selvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murali Sangeetha
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivasamy Sethupathy
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India; Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Vijayakumar K, Manigandan V, Jeyapragash D, Bharathidasan V, Anandharaj B, Sathya M. Eucalyptol inhibits biofilm formation of Streptococcus pyogenes and its mediated virulence factors. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:1308-1318. [PMID: 32930658 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Streptococcus pyogenes is a diverse virulent synthesis pathogen responsible for invasive systemic infections. Establishment of antibiotic resistance in the pathogen has produced a need for new antibiofilm agents to control the biofilm formation and reduce biofilm-associated resistance development.Aim. The present study investigates the in vitro antibiofilm activity of eucalyptol against S. pyogenes.Methodology. The antibiofilm potential of eucalyptol was assessed using a microdilution method and their biofilm inhibition efficacy was visualized by microscopic analysis. The biochemical assays were performed to assess the influence of eucalyptol on virulence productions. Real-time PCR analysis was performed to evaluate the expression profile of the virulence genes.Results. Eucalyptol showed significant antibiofilm potential in a dose-dependent manner without affecting bacterial growth. Eucalyptol at 300 µg ml-1 (biofilm inhibitory concentration) significantly inhibited the initial stage of biofilm formation in S. pyogenes. However, eucalyptol failed to diminish the mature biofilms of S. pyogenes at biofilm inhibitory concentration and it effectively reduced the biofilm formation on stainless steel, titanium, and silicone surfaces. The biochemical assay results revealed that eucalyptol greatly affects the cell-surface hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, extracellular protease, haemolysis and hyaluronic acid synthesis. Further, the gene-expression analysis results showed significant downregulation of virulence gene expression upon eucalyptol treatment.Conclusion. The present study suggests that eucalyptol applies its antibiofilm assets by intruding the initial biofilm formation of S. pyogenes. Supplementary studies are needed to understand the mode of action involved in biofilm inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppiah Vijayakumar
- Centre of advanced study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai - 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vajravelu Manigandan
- Centre of advanced study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai - 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Danaraj Jeyapragash
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam academy of higher education, Eachanari, Coimbatore-641 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veeraiyan Bharathidasan
- Centre of advanced study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai - 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balaiyan Anandharaj
- Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhavan Sathya
- Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Limsuwan S, Jarukitsakul S, Issuriya A, Chusri S, Joycharat N, Jaisamut P, Saising J, Jetwanna KWN, Voravuthikunchai SP. Thai herbal formulation 'Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi': Its antibacterial activities, effects on bacterial virulence factors and in vivo acute toxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112975. [PMID: 32417424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A Thai herbal formulation 'Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi' containing Nigella sativa (seed), Piper retrofractum (fruit), Punica granatum (pericarp), and Quercus infectoria (nutgall) has long been traditionally used to treat diarrhea or bloody mucous diarrhea. Scientific information is very important to support its therapeutic effects and traditional drug development. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi against diarrhea-causing bacteria and determine its effects on bacterial virulence factors and in vivo acute toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethanol and water extracts of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi and its plant components were prepared. The agar diffusion method was used for preliminary screening of antibacterial activity of the extracts against diarrhea-causing bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were assessed using broth microdilution method. The effects on bactericidal activity, bacterial cell wall, and cell membrane were examined by time-kill, lysis, and leakage assays, respectively. The effects on bacterial virulence factors including quorum-sensing system, biofilm production, and swarming motility were determined. Phytochemical screening was carried out to identify the group of chemical compounds present in the formulation extracts. Acute toxicity study was conducted by a single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight in Wistar albino rats. RESULTS Ethanol and water extracts of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi and Quercus infectoria demonstrated antibacterial efficacy against all bacterial strains as revealed by zones of inhibition ranging from 7.0 to 24.5 mm. The ethanol and water extracts of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi and Quercus infectoria produced strong bacteriostatic activity against V. parahaemolyticus (n = 11) with an MIC range of 7.81-250 μg/ml. Only the ethanol extract of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi produced MBC values less than or equal to 1000 μg/ml against all V. parahaemolyticus. Based on time-kill study, no surviving V. parahaemolyticus (ATCC 17802 and 5268) cells were detected within 6-12 h after treatment with the ethanol extract of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi at MBC-4MBC concentrations. Vibrioparahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 cells treated with the ethanol extract of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi demonstrated no lysis or leakage through the bacterial membrane was not observed. At low concentrations (0.125-0.25 μg/ml) the ethanol extract of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi inhibited violacein production by Chromobacterium violaceum DMST 21761 without affecting the bacterial growth. The ethanol (31.25-62.5 μg/ml) and water (31.25-250 μg/ml) extracts of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi inhibited biofilm production by S. aureus. The ethanol and water extracts of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi at 1000 μg/ml reduced the swarming motility of Escherichia coli O157: H7 by 74.98% and 52.65%, respectively. Tannins and terpenoids were detected in both the ethanol and water extracts. Flavonoids were present only in the ethanol extract. Alkaloids and antraquinones were not noticed in either extract. In the acute toxicity study, there were no significant changes in hematological and biochemical parameters nor were adverse effects on mortality, general behaviors, body weight, or organ weights detected. CONCLUSIONS The scientific evidence from this study supported the therapeutic effects and safety of the traditional Thai herbal formulation 'Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi' which has been used as an alternative treatment for gastrointestinal infections in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surasak Limsuwan
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
| | - Siriporn Jarukitsakul
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Acharaporn Issuriya
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Sasitorn Chusri
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Nantiya Joycharat
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Patcharawalai Jaisamut
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Jongkon Saising
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Korakot Wichitsa-Nguan Jetwanna
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
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Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Leaf Extract and Rhodomyrtone Combat Streptococcus pneumoniae Biofilm and Inhibit Invasiveness to Human Lung Epithelial and Enhance Pneumococcal Phagocytosis by Macrophage. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3546-3554. [PMID: 32812080 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf has been traditionally used to treat many infections. This plant species has been documented to possess a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects. This study aimed to determine the effects of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract and its potent purified compound, rhodomyrtone, on Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factors including biofilms, capsule formation, and invasiveness which play important roles in infections. Ethanol leaf extract and rhodomyrtone demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity against S. pneumoniae with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 16-32 µg/ml and 0.125-1 µg/ml, respectively. The ability of the extract and rhodomyrtone to prevent biofilm formation and eradicate mature biofilms was assessed. The extract and rhodomyrtone at 1/8 × MIC significantly inhibited biofilm formation in all clinical isolates (P < 0.05). The viability of 8-day biofilm-grown cells significantly decreased following the treatment with the extract and rhodomyrtone at 16 × MIC. 40-90% reduction in the bacterial adhesion and invasion to A549 human alveolar epithelial cells was observed after challenging with the extract and rhodomyrtone, compared with the control within 60 min. Increase in 90-99% phagocytosis of the bacterial cells by RAW264.7 macrophage cell line was detected following the treatment with the extract and rhodomyrtone at 1/2 × MIC, compared with the control. The results suggested potential medicinal benefits of the extract and rhodomyrtone for the treatment of pneumococcal infections.
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Antimetastatic Potential of Rhodomyrtone on Human Chondrosarcoma SW1353 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8180261. [PMID: 32802134 PMCID: PMC7403900 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8180261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is primary bone cancer, with the forceful capacity to cause local invasion and distant metastasis, and has a poor prognosis. Cancer metastasis is a complication of most cancers; it is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Rhodomyrtone is a pure compound that has been shown to induce apoptosis and antimetastasis in skin cancer. However, the inhibitory effect of rhodomyrtone on human chondrosarcoma cell metastasis is largely unknown. Effect of rhodomyrtone on cell viability in SW1353 cell was determined by MTT assay. Antimigration, anti-invasion, and antiadhesion were carried out to investigate the antimetastatic potential of rhodomyrtone on SW1353 cells. Gelatin zymography was performed to determine matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 activities. The effect of rhodomyrtone on the underlying mechanisms was performed by Western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that rhodomyrtone reduced cell viability of SW1353 cells at the low concentration (<3 μg/mL); cell viability was >80%. Rhodomyrtone at the subcytotoxic concentrations (0.5, 1.5, and 3 μg/mL) significantly inhibited cell migration, invasion, and adhesion of SW1353 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Protein expression of integrin αv, integrin β3, and the downstream migratory proteins including focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and the phosphorylation of serine/threonine AKT, Ras, RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 were inhibited after treatment with rhodomyrtone. Moreover, we found that rhodomyrtone decreased the protein level of MMP-2 and MMP-9 as well as the enzyme activity in SW1353 cells. Meanwhile, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2 expression was increased in a dose-dependent fashion. Besides, rhodomyrtone dramatically inhibited the expression of growth factor receptor-bound protein-2 (GRB2) and the phosphorylated form of extracellular signal regulation kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase1/2 (JNK1/2). These results indicated that rhodomyrtone inhibited SW1353 cell migration, invasion, and metastasis by suppressing integrin αvβ3/FAK/AKT/small Rho GTPases pathway as well as downregulation of MMP-2/9 via ERK and JNK signal inhibition. These findings indicate that rhodomyrtone possessed the antimetastasis activity that may be used for antimetastasis therapy in the future.
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Vijayakumar K, Bharathidasan V, Manigandan V, Jeyapragash D. Quebrachitol inhibits biofilm formation and virulence production against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104286. [PMID: 32502632 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the quebrachitol (QBC) antibiofilm and antivirulence potential against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). QBC inhibited MRSA biofilm formation at concentration dependent manner without affecting the bacterial growth. Then, QBC biofilm efficacy was confirmed with light and confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis. QBC treatment significantly inhibited the biofilm formation on stainless steel, titanium and silicone surfaces. Besides, QBC treatment significantly reduced the MRSA virulence productions such as lipase and hemolysis. Moreover, it reduced MRSA survival rate in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. QBC treatment inhibited the MRSA adherence on hydrophobic, hydrophilic, collagen coating and fibrinogen coating surfaces. As well as it significantly reduced the autolysin and bacterial aggregation progress. The real-time PCR analysis revealed the ability of QBC downregulated the virulence genes expression including global regulator sarA, agr and polysaccharide intracellular adhesion (PIA) encode ica. The cumulative results of the present study suggest that QBC as a potential agent to combat against MRSA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppiah Vijayakumar
- Center of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Veeraiyan Bharathidasan
- Center of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vajravelu Manigandan
- Center of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Danaraj Jeyapragash
- Center of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
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Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of New Antimicrobials as an Urgent Need to Counteract Stubborn Multidrug-resistant Bacteria. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.14.1.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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14
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Separation of phenolics from peony flowers and their inhibitory activities and action mechanism on bacterial biofilm. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4321-4332. [PMID: 32232531 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Separation and enrichment of phenolics from peony flowers were performed to improve the anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities for the first time. Through several times of separation, the purity of phenolics components increased significantly, and the anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities of phenolics components against E. coli and S. aureus were also significantly improved. Finally, the phenolics of peony flowers in the eluent of silica gel column chromatography (PPF-ESGCC) were found to exhibit the highest anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities. The inhibition rates of PPF-ESGCC on biofilms of E. coli and S. aureus were 77.93%, and 87.03% respectively, at a very low concentration (1/2 MIC, 0.235 mg/mL). It was found that the biofilm inhibition was achieved by inhibiting their swimming, swarming, twitching motilities, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and quorum sensing (QS). Moreover, there was a positive dose-dependent relationship (r = 0.75 to 1) between the inhibition rates and concentrations of PPF-ESGCC during the critical biofilm-formation stage (1-3 days). Chemical composition analysis showed the PPF-ESGCC comprised of gallic acid, kaempferol-7-O-glucoside, and apigenin-7-O-glucoside. In conclusion, PPF-ESGCC exhibited strong inhibitory effect on biofilm formation and gallic acid, kaempferol-7-O-glucoside, and apigenin-7-O-glucoside might play a crucial role in inhibiting biofilm formation. Meanwhile, this study indicated that PPF-ESGCC, a new natural QS inhibitor and biofilm inhibitor, could be used as a novel intervention strategy to enhance the safety and quality of food.
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Xue L, Chen YY, Yan Z, Lu W, Wan D, Zhu H. Staphyloxanthin: a potential target for antivirulence therapy. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:2151-2160. [PMID: 31410034 PMCID: PMC6647007 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s193649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important and common Gram-positive bacteria which causes clinical infections and food-poisoning cases. Therapeutic schedules for treatment of S. aureus infections are facing a challenge because of the emergence of multidrug resistance strains. It is urgent to find new antiinfective drugs to control S. aureus infection. S. aureus strains are capable of producing the golden carotenoid pigment: staphyloxanthin, which acts as an important virulence factor and a potential target for antivirulence drug design. This review is aimed at presenting an updated overview of this golden carotenoid pigment of S. aureus from the biosynthesis of staphyloxanthin, its function, and the genes involved in pigment production to staphyloxanthin: a novel target for antivirulence therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xue
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yizhi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyun Yan
- Wuhan Wusteel Good Life Service Co. LTD, Wuhan, 430000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifeng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
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Ni S, Li B, Xu Y, Mao F, Li X, Lan L, Zhu J, Li J. Targeting virulence factors as an antimicrobial approach: Pigment inhibitors. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:293-338. [PMID: 31267561 DOI: 10.1002/med.21621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The fascinating and dangerous colored pathogens contain unique chemically pigmented molecules, which give varied and efficient assistance as virulence factors to the crucial reproduction and growth of microbes. Therefore, multiple novel strategies and inhibitors have been developed in recent years that target virulence factor pigments. However, despite the importance and significance of this topic, it has not yet been comprehensively reviewed. Moreover, research groups around the world have made successful progress against antibacterial infections by targeting pigment production, including our serial works on the discovery of CrtN inhibitors against staphyloxanthin production in Staphylococcus aureus. On the basis of the previous achievements and recent progress of our group in this field, this article will be the first comprehensive review of pigment inhibitors against colored pathogens, especially S. aureus infections, and this article includes design strategies, representative case studies, advantages, limitations, and perspectives to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Ni
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lefu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Material Medical, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Mordmuang A, Brouillette E, Voravuthikunchai SP, Malouin F. Evaluation of a Rhodomyrtus tomentosa ethanolic extract for its therapeutic potential on Staphylococcus aureus infections using in vitro and in vivo models of mastitis. Vet Res 2019; 50:49. [PMID: 31221210 PMCID: PMC6585048 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0664-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An ethanolic extract from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaves (RTL) was studied as a natural alternative to control Staphylococcus aureus, which is an important pathogen responsible for bovine mastitis. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the RTL extract and of rhodomyrtone, a pure compound isolated from the plant, were determined by a microdilution method. Rhodomyrtone and the RTL extract exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus, including its persistent phenotype (SCV: small-colony variant) and a biofilm hyperproducer strain, with MICs of 0.25–0.5 and 8–16 µg/mL, respectively. Time-kill kinetics showed a strong bactericidal activity for both the RTL extract- and rhodomyrtone-treated bacteria at 2 × MIC as early as 4 h post-exposure. An additive effect of the extract at 0.5 × MIC was observed in a combination with oxytetracycline or pirlimycin against S. aureus by showing a 64- to 128-fold reduction in antibiotic MICs. Moreover, the RTL extract significantly decreased the number of intracellular SCVs inside bovine mammary epithelial cells. However, the extract or its combination with pirlimycin only slightly improved the activity of pirlimycin against the bacterial colonization of mouse mammary glands. In vitro MICs determined in the presence of casein indicated that the limited activity of the RTL extract in the murine model of mastitis could be linked to neutralization of active components by milk proteins. While the RTL extract showed interesting antibacterial properties in vitro, to be considered as an alternative to antibiotics in dairy farms, formulation studies are needed to cope with the observed reduction of activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auemphon Mordmuang
- Department of Microbiology and Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.,School of Medicine, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Eric Brouillette
- Centre d'Étude et de Valorisation de la Diversité Microbienne (CEVDM), Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- Department of Microbiology and Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
| | - François Malouin
- Centre d'Étude et de Valorisation de la Diversité Microbienne (CEVDM), Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.
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MubarakAli D, Manzoor MA, Sabarinathan A, Anchana Devi C, Rekha P, Thajuddin N, Lee SY. An investigation of antibiofilm and cytotoxic property of MgO nanoparticles. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Bach QN, Hongthong S, Quach LT, Pham LV, Pham TV, Kuhakarn C, Reutrakul V, Nguyen PT. Antimicrobial activity of rhodomyrtone isolated from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. Nat Prod Res 2019; 34:2518-2523. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1540479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quynh N. Bach
- Haiphong University of Medicine and Pharmacology, Haiphong, Vietnam
| | - Sakchai Hongthong
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lien T. Quach
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lieu V. Pham
- Haiphong University of Medicine and Pharmacology, Haiphong, Vietnam
| | - Thuc V. Pham
- Haiphong University of Medicine and Pharmacology, Haiphong, Vietnam
| | - Chutima Kuhakarn
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vichai Reutrakul
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC) and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phuong T.M. Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Hardi EH, Nugroho RA, Kusuma IW, Suwinarti W, Sudaryono A, Rostika R. Borneo herbal plant extracts as a natural medication for prophylaxis and treatment of Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens infection in tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). F1000Res 2018; 7:1847. [PMID: 30984371 PMCID: PMC6439779 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.16902.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The combination of some plant extracts to prevent and treat bacterial infections is gaining momentum, because of effectiveness against certain bacteria. This study aims to describe the antibacterial and immunostimulant abilities of Boesenbergia pandurata (BP), Solanum ferox (SF) and Zingiber Zerumbet (ZZ) plant extracts to treat and prevent Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens infection on Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Methods: Tilapia (initial weight 15±2 g) were injected intramuscularly (0.1 ml/fish) with a combination of A. hydrophila and P. fluorescens at a density of 1×10 5 CFU ml -1 of each bacteria. Treatment trials were performed at day 7 post-injection with each combined extract, while the prevention trial was performed by including the combined extract into the commercial diet for six and seven days prior to injection. Various extract combinations were 60 mg SF extract/kg feed with 40 mg ZZ/kg feed (SF60/ZZ40), SF50/ZZ50, BP90/SF10, and BP50/SF50. Haemato-immunological parameters were performed for four weeks. Results: In prevention trials, tilapia fed SF50/ZZ50 showed a significant increase of white and red blood cells. Similarly, significantly increased haematocrit was found in tilapia fed SF50/ZZ50 in the treatment trial but not in the prevention trial. In both trials, haemoglobin of tilapia was not affected by any combined extracts but decreased the number of bacteria. Phagocytic index, respiratory burst, lysozyme activity and survival rate of fish fed combined extracts were found significantly higher than controls. The amount of pathogenic bacteria in fish fed combined extracts was lower than the control at week 4 ( P<0.05). In both trials The percentage of survival rate and relative percent survival of tilapia fed SF 50/ZZ 50, showed the optimum results compared to the other combinations. Conclusions: The combined extract in feed, especially SF50/ZZ50 has a positive effect on the tilapia's innate immune system of tilapia to treat and prevent bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esti Handayani Hardi
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, 75123, Indonesia
| | - Rudy Agung Nugroho
- Animal Physiology, Development and Molecular Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, 75123, Indonesia
| | - Irawan Wijaya Kusuma
- Laboratory of Forest Product Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, 75123, Indonesia
| | - Wiwin Suwinarti
- Laboratory of Forest Product Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, 75123, Indonesia
| | - Agung Sudaryono
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Central Java, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Rita Rostika
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Padjajaran University, Bandung, West Java, 40600, Indonesia
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Hardi EH, Nugroho RA, Kusuma IW, Suwinarti W, Sudaryono A, Rostika R. Borneo herbal plant extracts as a natural medication for prophylaxis and treatment of Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens infection in tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). F1000Res 2018; 7:1847. [PMID: 30984371 PMCID: PMC6439779 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.16902.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aims to describe the antibacterial and immunostimulant abilities of Boesenbergia pandurata (BP), Solanum ferox (SF) and Zingiber Zerumbet (ZZ) plant extracts to treat and prevent Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens infection on Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Methods: Tilapia (initial weight 15±2 g) were injected intramuscularly (0.1 ml/fish) with a combination of A. hydrophila and P. fluorescens at a density of 1×10 5 CFU ml -1 of each bacteria. Treatment trials were performed at day 7 post-injection with each combined extract, while the prevention trial was performed by including the combined extract into the diet for six and seven days prior to injection. Various combinations of extract-60 ml SF extract/kg feed with 40 ml ZZ/kg feed (SF60/ZZ40), SF50/ZZ50, BP90/SF10, and BP50/SF50-were mixed with a commercial diet and used in both treatment and prevention trials. Haematological and immunological parameters were performed every week for four weeks. Results: In prevention trials, tilapia fed SF50/ZZ50 showed a significant increase of white and red blood cells from weeks 2 to 4. Similarly, significantly increased haematocrit was also found in tilapia fed SF50/ZZ50 in the treatment trial but not in the prevention trial. However, haemoglobin of tilapia in both trials was not affected by any of the various combinations of extract in the diet. Furthermore, phagocytic, respiratory burst, lysozyme activity indexes and survival rate of fish fed with combined extracts were found to be significantly higher than controls. Moreover, the amount of pathogenic bacteria in fish that were fed combined extracts was also lower than the control and was significantly different at week 4. Conclusions: This study indicates that the addition of combined extract into feed has a positive effect on the tilapia's immune system. The SF50/ZZ50 combination appears to improve the innate immune system of tilapia to treat and prevent bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esti Handayani Hardi
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, 75123, Indonesia
| | - Rudy Agung Nugroho
- Animal Physiology, Development and Molecular Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, 75123, Indonesia
| | - Irawan Wijaya Kusuma
- Laboratory of Forest Product Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, 75123, Indonesia
| | - Wiwin Suwinarti
- Laboratory of Forest Product Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, 75123, Indonesia
| | - Agung Sudaryono
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Central Java, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Rita Rostika
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Padjajaran University, Bandung, West Java, 40600, Indonesia
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Nandu TG, Subramenium GA, Shiburaj S, Viszwapriya D, Iyer PM, Balamurugan K, Rameshkumar KB, Karutha Pandian S. Fukugiside, a biflavonoid from Garcinia travancorica inhibits biofilm formation of Streptococcus pyogenes and its associated virulence factors. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:1391-1401. [PMID: 30052177 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Streptococcus pyogenes, a notorious human pathogen thatis responsible for various invasive and non-invasive diseases, possesses multiple virulence armaments, including biofilm formation. The current study demonstrates the anti-biofilm and anti-virulence potential of fukugiside, a biflavonoid isolated from Garciniatravancorica, against S. pyogenes. METHODOLOGY The anti-biofilm activity of fukugiside was assessed and established using microdilution and microscopic analysis. Biochemical assays were performed to assess the effects of fukugiside on important virulence factors, which were further validated using quantitative real-time PCR and in vivo analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans. RESULTS Fukugiside exhibited concentration-dependent biofilm inhibition (79 to 96 %) against multiple M serotypes of S. pyogenes (M1, M56, M65, M74, M100 and st38) with a minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration of 80 µg ml-1. Electron microscopy and biochemical assay revealed a significant reduction in extracellular polymeric substance production. The results for the microbial adhesion to hydrocarbon assay, extracellular protease quantification and differential regulation of the dltA, speB, srv and ropB genes suggested that fukugiside probably inhibits biofilm formation by lowering cell surface hydrophobicity and destabilizing the biofilm matrix. The enhanced susceptibility to phagocytosis evidenced in the blood survival assay goes in unison with the downregulation of mga. The downregulation of important virulence factor-encoding genes such as hasA, slo and col370 suggested impaired virulence. In vivo analysis in C. elegans evinced the non-toxic nature of fukugiside and its anti-virulence potential against S. pyogenes. CONCLUSION Fukugiside exhibits potent anti-biofilm and anti-virulence activity against different M serotypes of S. pyogenes. It is also non-toxic, which augurs well for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thrithamarassery Gangadharan Nandu
- 1Division of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram-695562, Kerala, India
| | | | - Sugathan Shiburaj
- 1Division of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram-695562, Kerala, India
| | - Dharmaprakash Viszwapriya
- 2Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prasanth Mani Iyer
- 2Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnaswamy Balamurugan
- 2Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Koranappallil Bahuleyan Rameshkumar
- 3Division of Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram-695562, Kerala, India
| | - Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
- 2Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhang Y, Kong J, Xie Y, Guo Y, Cheng Y, Qian H, Yao W. Essential oil components inhibit biofilm formation in Erwinia carotovora and Pseudomonas fluorescens via anti-quorum sensing activity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Na-Phatthalung P, Teles M, Voravuthikunchai SP, Tort L, Fierro-Castro C. Immune-related gene expression and physiological responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after intraperitoneal administration of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract: A potent phytoimmunostimulant. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:429-437. [PMID: 29571768 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The immunostimulatory effects of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract were evaluated in rainbow trout through changes in expression profile of genes involved in innate immune and antioxidant response, hematology and stress indicators. The concentrations of R. tomentosa at 10 and 100 μg per fish were administrated by intraperitoneal injection, alone or in combination with LPS. After 6 h of administration, the gene expression was measured in head kidney, spleen, and intestine. Results indicated that R. tomentosa exerted immunostimulatory effects by inducing the expression of il10, saa, hepcidin, and sod in head kidney and the expression of il10, tgfβ, and inos in intestine. In combination with LPS, the plant suppressed the expression of pro-inflammtory cytokine il1β, il8 and other consisting of saa and gpx1 in head kidney and il1β in spleen, pointing out its anti-inflammatory activities. Furthermore, the plant did not exert any impact on hematological parameters, but it was able to reduce cortisol levels when co-administered with LPS, indicating that R. tomentosa could attenuate stress response in rainbow trout. Our observations suggest that R. tomentosa induced the expression of genes involved in cytokine and innate immune response and modulated the physiological stress response as indicated by the suppressed cortisol in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinanong Na-Phatthalung
- Department of Microbiology and Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Mariana Teles
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain; CIIMAR- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros, Portugal.
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- Department of Microbiology and Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Lluís Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Camino Fierro-Castro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain.
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Microfouling inhibition of human nosocomial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa using marine cyanobacteria. Microb Pathog 2018; 114:107-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Srisuwan S, Voravuthikunchai SP. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Leaf Extract Inhibits Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Adhesion, Invasion, and Intracellular Survival in Human HaCaT Keratinocytes. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 23:1002-1012. [PMID: 28475464 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has an ability to invade nonprofessional phagocytic cells, resulting in persistent infections and most likely host cell death. Series of our studies have claimed pronounced antibacterial efficacy of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract. This study was to further investigate potency of the extract in intracellular killing of human HaCaT keratinocytes. Pretreatment of MRSA with the extract resulted in a remarkable reduction in the bacterial adhesion to HaCaT keratinocytes, compared with untreated control (p < 0.001). In addition, at least 60% inhibition of the bacterial invasion into HaCaT cells was observed. Intracellular killing assay demonstrated that the extract exhibited strong antibacterial activity against intracellular MRSA at nontoxic concentrations (128 mg/L), which may have resulted from the increase in bactericidal activity under phagolysosomal pH. Transmission electron microscopy displayed the effects of the extract on alterations in the bacterial cell morphology with cell lysis. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that the extract decreased MRSA-induced apoptosis in HaCaT cells. In addition, cytotoxicity of HaCaT cells caused by MRSA supernatant was reduced at least 50% by the extract. The potential activities of R. tomentosa extract may be useful in an alternative treatment of MRSA infections in slight acidic compartments, particularly skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutthirat Srisuwan
- Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Natural Products Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University , Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Natural Products Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University , Songkhla, Thailand
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Na-Phatthalung P, Chusri S, Suanyuk N, Voravuthikunchai SP. In vitro and in vivo assessments of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract as an alternative anti-streptococcal agent in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.). J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:430-439. [PMID: 28425874 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Rhodomyrtustomentosa is a Thai medicinal plant that has been attracting attention for its remarkable antibacterial properties against Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of R. tomentosa leaf extract against Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus iniae isolated from infected tilapia. METHODOLOGY The anti-streptococcal activity of R. tomentosa was determined using broth microdilution assays. RESULTS The extract demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against the fish pathogens, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 7.8‒62.5 µg ml-1. It was found to possess a dose-dependent bacteriostatic effect on this organism. Scanning electron microscopy revealed irregular and long chains of swollen cells, as well as corkscrew shapes andincomplete separation of cell division of S. agalactiae cells following the treatment at sub-MIC. Moreover, S. agalactiae cells pre-treated with the extract became more sensitive to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 than the untreated cells. Based on the mortality of Nile tilapia after intraperitoneal infection of S. agalactiae at median lethal dose (LD50), the pre-treated cells caused a significant (P<0.01) reduction in mortality of S. agalactiae-infected Nile tilapia. CONCLUSION The results suggested that R. tomentosa could be further developed as a simple and effective agent for the treatment of streptococcosis in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinanong Na-Phatthalung
- Department of Microbiology and Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Sasitorn Chusri
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Naraid Suanyuk
- Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- Department of Microbiology and Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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Musthafa KS, Sianglum W, Saising J, Lethongkam S, Voravuthikunchai SP. Evaluation of phytochemicals from medicinal plants of Myrtaceae family on virulence factor production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. APMIS 2017; 125:482-490. [PMID: 28294414 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Virulence factors regulated by quorum sensing (QS) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of an opportunistic human pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in causing infections to the host. Hence, in the present work, the anti-virulence potential of the medicinal plant extracts and their derived phytochemicals from Myrtaceae family was evaluated against P. aeruginosa. In the preliminary screening of the tested medicinal plant extracts, Syzygium jambos and Syzygium antisepticum demonstrated a maximum inhibition in QS-dependent violacein pigment production by Chromobacterium violaceum DMST 21761. These extracts demonstrated an inhibitory activity over a virulence factor, pyoverdin, production by P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of 23 and 12 phytochemicals from the extracts of S. jambos and S. antisepticum respectively. Three top-ranking phytochemicals, including phytol, ethyl linoleate and methyl linolenate, selected on the basis of docking score in molecular docking studies lowered virulence factors such as pyoverdin production, protease and haemolytic activities of P. aeruginosa to a significant level. In addition, the phytochemicals reduced rhamnolipid production by the organism. The work demonstrated an importance of plant-derived compounds as anti-virulence drugs to conquer P. aeruginosa virulence towards the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadar Syed Musthafa
- Excellent Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science, and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Wipawadee Sianglum
- Excellent Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science, and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Jongkon Saising
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Sakkarin Lethongkam
- Excellent Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science, and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- Excellent Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science, and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Tayeh M, Nilwarangoon S, Mahabusarakum W, Watanapokasin R. Anti-metastatic effect of rhodomyrtone from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa on human skin cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1035-1043. [PMID: 28075447 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the inhibitory effect of rhodomyrtone, a bioactive compound isolated from the leaves of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk., on cancer metastasis in epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells and on the verification of the underlying related molecular mechanisms of this event. We demonstrated that rhodomyrtone at the subcytotoxic concentration (0.5 and 1.5 µg/ml) exhibited pronounced inhibition of cancer metastasis by reducing cell migration, cell adhesive ability and cell invasion of A431 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Data demonstrated that rhodomyrtone could inhibit the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), c-Raf, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 MAPK involved in the downregulation the enzyme activities and protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. Moreover, we found that rhodomyrtone increased the expression of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, which are inhibitors of MMP-9 and MMP-2, respectively. Rhodomyrtone also inhibited the expression of NF-κB and phosphorylation of NF-κB in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that rhodomyrtone inhibited A431 cell metastasis by reducing MMP-2/9 activities and expression through inhibiting ERK1/2, p38 and FAK/Akt signaling pathways via NF-κB activities. This finding suggested that rhodomyrtone may be a novel antimetastasis agent for treatment of skin cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malatee Tayeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Sirinun Nilwarangoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Wilawan Mahabusarakum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Ramida Watanapokasin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
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Viszwapriya D, Prithika U, Deebika S, Balamurugan K, Pandian SK. In vitro and in vivo antibiofilm potential of 2,4-Di- tert -butylphenol from seaweed surface associated bacterium Bacillus subtilis against group A streptococcus. Microbiol Res 2016; 191:19-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Viszwapriya D, Subramenium GA, Prithika U, Balamurugan K, Pandian SK. Betulin inhibits virulence and biofilm ofStreptococcus pyogenesby suppressingropBcore regulon,sagAanddltA. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw088. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Chusri S, Tongrod S, Saising J, Mordmuang A, Limsuwan S, Sanpinit S, Voravuthikunchai SP. Antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects of a polyherbal formula and its constituents against coagulase-negative and -positive staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2016.1193021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sasitorn Chusri
- Faculty of Traditional Thai medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
- Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Tongrod
- Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya (RMUTSV), Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Jongkon Saising
- Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Auemphon Mordmuang
- Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
- Excellent Research Laboratory on Natural Products and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Surasak Limsuwan
- Faculty of Traditional Thai medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
- Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Sineenart Sanpinit
- Faculty of Traditional Thai medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
- Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
- Excellent Research Laboratory on Natural Products and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
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Tiwari R, Karthik K, Rana R, Singh Mali Y, Dhama K, Joshi SK. Quorum Sensing Inhibitors/antagonists Countering Food Spoilage Bacteria-need Molecular and Pharmaceutical Intervention for Protecting Current Issues of Food Safety. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.262.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Venkadesaperumal G, Rucha S, Sundar K, Shetty PH. Anti-quorum sensing activity of spice oil nanoemulsions against food borne pathogens. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abachi S, Lee S, Rupasinghe HPV. Molecular Mechanisms of Inhibition of Streptococcus Species by Phytochemicals. Molecules 2016; 21:E215. [PMID: 26901172 PMCID: PMC6273676 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review paper summarizes the antibacterial effects of phytochemicals of various medicinal plants against pathogenic and cariogenic streptococcal species. The information suggests that these phytochemicals have potential as alternatives to the classical antibiotics currently used for the treatment of streptococcal infections. The phytochemicals demonstrate direct bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects, such as: (i) prevention of bacterial adherence to mucosal surfaces of the pharynx, skin, and teeth surface; (ii) inhibition of glycolytic enzymes and pH drop; (iii) reduction of biofilm and plaque formation; and (iv) cell surface hydrophobicity. Collectively, findings from numerous studies suggest that phytochemicals could be used as drugs for elimination of infections with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Abachi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS PO Box 550, Canada.
| | - Song Lee
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS PO Box 15000, Canada.
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Gopu V, Shetty PH. Cyanidin inhibits quorum signalling pathway of a food borne opportunistic pathogen. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2016; 53:968-76. [PMID: 27162376 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-2031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is the process of population dependent cell to cell communication used by bacteria to regulate their phenotypic characteristics. Key virulence factors that determine the bacterial pathogenicity and food spoilage were found to be regulated by QS mechanism. Hence, disrupting the QS signaling pathway could be an attractive strategy to manage food borne pathogens. In the current study, QS inhibitory activity of a naturally occurring anthocyanin-cyanidin and its anti-biofilm property were assessed against an opportunistic pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae, using a bio-sensor strain. Further, QS inhibitory property of a naturally occurring anthocyanin cyanidin was further confirmed using in-silico techniques like molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies. Cyanidin at sub-lethal dose significantly inhibited QS-dependent phenotypes like violacein production (73.96 %), biofilm formation (72.43 %), and exopolysaccharide production (68.65) in a concentration-dependent manner. Cyanidin enhanced the sensitivity of test pathogen to conventional antibiotics in a synergistic manner. Molecular docking analysis revealed that cyanidin binds more rigidly with LasR receptor protein than the signaling compound with a docking score of -9.13 Kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics simulation predicted that QS inhibitory activity occurs through the conformational changes between the receptor and cyanidin complex. Our results indicate that cyanidin, can be a potential QS based antibiofilm and antibacterial agent for food borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkadesaperumal Gopu
- Department of Food science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605013 India
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Gopu V, Meena CK, Murali A, Shetty PH. Petunidin as a competitive inhibitor of acylated homoserine lactones in Klebsiella pneumoniae. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20677d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the bacterial species communicate with each other through a mechanism called Quorum Sensing (QS) to regulate their phenotypic characteristics.
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Effects of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Leaf Extract on Staphylococcal Adhesion and Invasion in Bovine Udder Epidermal Tissue Model. Nutrients 2015; 7:8503-17. [PMID: 26501314 PMCID: PMC4632430 DOI: 10.3390/nu7105410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is one of the most important infectious diseases in dairy herds, and staphylococci are the most important etiologic agents of this disease. Antibiotics and chemical agents used in livestock for prevention and cure of the disease can accumulate in milk and give rise to food safety concerns. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract was studied as an alternative approach to reduce the bacterial infections. The ethanolic extract of this plant demonstrated antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values as low as 16–64 μg/mL against staphylococcal isolates. In addition, the extract had an effect on the bacterial cell surface properties by increasing its hydrophobicity in a concentration dependent manner. To further extend the antibacterial efficacy, silver nanoparticles synthesized with the extract, a pure rhodomyrtone, and liposomal encapsulated rhodomyrtone were applied and their inhibitory effects on bacterial adhesion and invasion were determined by ex vivo study in a bovine udder epidermal tissue model. These agents exerted remarkable antibacterial activity against staphylococci and decreased the adhesion of the bacterial cells to the tissues. These results supported that R. tomentosa ethanolic extract could be applied as an alternative agent for bovine udder care in dairy farms.
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Rahman MRT, Lou Z, Yu F, Wang P, Wang H. Anti-quorum sensing and anti-biofilm activity of Amomum tsaoko ( Amommum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemarie) on foodborne pathogens. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 24:324-330. [PMID: 28149169 PMCID: PMC5272928 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication or quorum sensing (QS) leads to biofilm formation and causing other virulence factors which are extreme problems for food safety, biofilm related infectious diseases etc. This study evaluated the anti-QS activity of the Amomum tsaoko extract (0.5-4 mg/ml) by using Chromobacterium violaceum a biosensor strain and biofilm formation by crystal violate assay. Experimental results demonstrated that the overall yield of Amomum tsao-ko extract was 11.33 ± 0.3% (w/w). MIC for Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive), Salmonella Typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram negative) was 1, 2 and 2 mg/ml, respectively. A concentration of 4 mg/ml extract showed highest biofilm inhibition 51.96% on S. Typhimurium when 47.06%, 45.28% were shown by S. aureus, P. aeruginosa respectively. The damage of biofilm architecture was observed by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). A level of 44.59% inhibition of violacein production was demonstrated when the dose was 4 mg/ml. Swarming motility inhibition was observed in a dose dependent manner. Taken together, the treatment of A. tsaoko extract can deliver value to food product and medicine by controlling pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ramim Tanver Rahman
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Research Center of Food Nutrition & Functional Factors, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zaixiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Research Center of Food Nutrition & Functional Factors, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Fuhao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Research Center of Food Nutrition & Functional Factors, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Research Center of Food Nutrition & Functional Factors, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Research Center of Food Nutrition & Functional Factors, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
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Biofilm Inhibitory Effect of Spirulina platensis Extracts on Bacteria of Clinical Significance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-015-0623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gopu V, Meena CK, Shetty PH. Quercetin Influences Quorum Sensing in Food Borne Bacteria: In-Vitro and In-Silico Evidence. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134684. [PMID: 26248208 PMCID: PMC4527846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) plays a vital role in regulating the virulence factor of many food borne pathogens, which causes severe public health risk. Therefore, interrupting the QS signaling pathway may be an attractive strategy to combat microbial infections. In the current study QS inhibitory activity of quercetin and its anti-biofilm property was assessed against food-borne pathogens using a bio-sensor strain. In addition in-silico techniques like molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies were applied to screen the quercetin's potentiality as QS inhibitor. Quercetin (80 μg/ml) showed the significant reduction in QS-dependent phenotypes like violacein production, biofilm formation, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, motility and alginate production in a concentration-dependent manner. Synergistic activity of conventional antibiotics with quercetin enhanced the susceptibility of all tested pathogens. Furthermore, Molecular docking analysis revealed that quercetin binds more rigidly with LasR receptor protein than the signaling compound with docking score of -9.17 Kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics simulation predicted that QS inhibitory activity of quercetin occurs through the conformational changes between the receptor and quercetin complex. Above findings suggest that quercetin can act as a competitive inhibitor for signaling compound towards LasR receptor pathway and can serve as a novel QS-based antibacterial/anti-biofilm drug to manage food-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkadesaperumal Gopu
- Department of Food science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Chetan Kumar Meena
- Department of Bio-informatics, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
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Sivakamavalli J, Nirosha R, Vaseeharan B. Purification and Characterization of a Cysteine-Rich 14-kDa Antibacterial Peptide from the Granular Hemocytes of Mangrove Crab Episesarma tetragonum and Its Antibiofilm Activity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:1084-101. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gopu V, Kothandapani S, Shetty PH. Quorum quenching activity of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels and its anthocyanin malvidin against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microb Pathog 2015; 79:61-9. [PMID: 25637095 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Many bacterial species use their intercellular signaling mechanism called quorum sensing (QS), which is found to be implicated in various factors including bacterial pathogenicity and food spoilage. Interrupting the bacterial communication is an attractive strategy to develop novel QS-based antibacterial drugs. Present study is aimed to investigate the quorum sensing inhibitory activity of Syzygium cumini and its anti-biofilm property against opportunistic pathogen using a biosensor strain Chromobacterium violaceum CV026. Ethanol extract of S. cumini was investigated for its anti-QS activity, and the possible active component was identified by docking with LasR receptor protein. Based on docking analysis, methanol extract was enriched for its total anthocyanin (STA) and its effect on QS regulated phenotypes was assessed. STA specifically inhibited the violacein production in C. violaceum; biofilm formation and EPS production in Klebsiella pneumoniae up to 82, 79.94 and 64.29% respectively. Synergistic activity of conventional antibiotics with STA enhanced the susceptibility of K. pneumoniae up to 58.45%. Molecular docking analysis of active components attributes the QSI activity of S. cumini to malvidin. Malvidin exhibited highest ligand binding with LasR receptor protein with docking score more than -7. Effect of malvidin to interrupt the QS regulated phenotypes was also assessed, and it was found to reduce the violacein production, biofilm formation and EPS production of K. pneumoniae in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggest that S. cumini can be used as novel QS-based antibacterial/anti-biofilm agent to manage food-borne pathogens and to increase food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkadesaperumal Gopu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
| | - Sundar Kothandapani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry 605014, India
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Inhibition of Quorum Sensing-Controlled Virulence Factors and Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Culture Extract from Novel Bacterial Species of Paenibacillus Using a Rat Model of Chronic Lung Infection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY 2015; 2015:671562. [PMID: 26904749 PMCID: PMC4745456 DOI: 10.1155/2015/671562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a key regulator of virulence factors and biofilm formation in Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microorganisms that inhabit soil are of strategic importance in the discovery of compounds with anti-QS properties. The objective of the study was to test the culture extract of a taxonomically novel species of Paenibacillus strain 139SI for its inhibitory effects on the QS-controlled virulence factors and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa both in vitro and in vivo. The Paenibacillus sp. culture extract was used to test its anti-QS effects on the LasA protease, LasB elastase, pyoverdin production, and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa as well as evaluate its therapeutic effects on lung bacteriology, pathology, hematological profile, and serum antibody responses of experimental animals in a rat model of chronic lung infection. Results showed significant decrease in the activities of QS-controlled LasA protease, LasB elastase pyoverdin, and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa caused by the culture extract. Moreover, the extract significantly prolonged the survival times of rats and facilitated the clearance of biofilm infections from infected lungs. In conclusion, the antiquorum sensing effects of culture extract from a novel species of Paenibacillus provide new insights to combat biofilm-associated infections.
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Usnic acid, a lichen secondary metabolite inhibits Group A Streptococcus biofilms. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2014; 107:263-72. [PMID: 25367342 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-014-0324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Group A Streptococci (GAS) are involved in a number of life threatening diseases and biofilm formation by these pathogens are considered as an important virulence determinant as it mediates antibiotic resistance among them. In the present study, we have explored the ability of (+)-usnic acid, a lichen secondary metabolite, as an antibiofilm agent against four serotypes of Streptococcus pyogenes causing pharyngitis. Usnic acid inhibited the biofilms of M serotypes M56, st38, M89 efficiently and the biofilm of M74 to a lesser extent. Confocal imaging of the treated samples showed that usnic acid reduced the biomass of the biofilms when compared to that of the control. Fourier Transfer Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicated that usnic acid reduced the cellular components (proteins and fatty acids) of the biofilms. Interestingly, the FT-IR spectrum further revealed that usnic acid probably acted upon the fatty acids of the biofilms as evident from the disappearance of a peak at 2,455-2,100 cm(-1) when compared to the control only in serotypes M56, st38 and M89 but not in M74. The present study shows, for the first time, that usnic acid can act as an effective antibiofilm agent against GAS.
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Inhibition of microbial adhesion to plastic surface and human buccal epithelial cells by Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:1256-65. [PMID: 25146902 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The adherence of oral pathogenic microorganisms to host tissues is the initial step for successful process of oral diseases. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract and rhodomyrtone, an antibacterial compound from R. tomentosa leaf, on adhesion of some oral pathogens to polystyrene plastic surface and human buccal epithelial cells. METHODS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated using broth microdilution method. The microbial adhesion to the plastic surface and buccal cells was determined using microtiter plate method and microscopy technique. RESULTS The ethanol extract of leaf demonstrated antibacterial activity against oral microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Streptococcus mutans (clinical isolate), and Candida albicans ATCC 90028 with the MIC values of 31.25, 15.62, and 1000μg/ml, respectively. Rhodomyrtone displayed activity with the MIC values of 0.78 and 0.39μg/ml against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and S. mutans, respectively. The MIC value of the compound against C. albicans ATCC 90028 was more than 100μg/ml which was the highest test concentration. All pathogenic microorganisms treated with the extract and rhodomyrtone at their subinhibitory concentrations resulted in a decrease in their adherence ability to both plastic surface and buccal cells. CONCLUSION It is suggested that R. tomentosa extract and rhodomyrtone may be useful in therapy or as prophylaxis in infections involving oral pathogens.
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Quorum quenching is an antivirulence strategy employed by endophytic bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:7173-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Alasil SM, Omar R, Ismail S, Yusof MY. Antibiofilm activity, compound characterization, and acute toxicity of extract from a novel bacterial species of paenibacillus. Int J Microbiol 2014; 2014:649420. [PMID: 24790603 PMCID: PMC3982407 DOI: 10.1155/2014/649420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of many antimicrobial agents is currently decreasing; therefore, it is important to search for alternative therapeutics. Our study was carried out to assess the in vitro antibiofilm activity using microtiter plate assay, to characterize the bioactive compounds using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detection and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and to test the oral acute toxicity on Sprague Dawley rats of extract derived from a novel bacterial species of Paenibacillus strain 139SI. Our results indicate that the crude extract and its three identified compounds exhibit strong antibiofilm activity against a broad range of clinically important pathogens. Three potential compounds were identified including an amino acid antibiotic C8H20N3O4P (MW 253.237), phospholipase A2 inhibitor C21H36O5 (MW 368.512), and an antibacterial agent C14H11N3O2 (MW 253.260). The acute toxicity test indicates that the mortality rate among all rats was low and that the biochemical parameters, hematological profile, and histopathology examination of liver and kidneys showed no significant differences between experimental groups (P > 0.05). Overall, our findings suggest that the extract and its purified compounds derived from novel Paenibacillus sp. are nontoxic exhibiting strong antibiofilm activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens that can be useful towards new therapeutic management of biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Musbah Alasil
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahmat Omar
- Pantai Hospital Cheras, 56100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Salmah Ismail
- Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yasim Yusof
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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