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Flores-Villaseñor H, Velázquez-Román J, León-Sicairos N, Angulo-Zamudio UA, Lira-Morales C, Martínez-García JJ, Acosta-Smith E, Valdés-Flores J, Tapia-Pastrana G, Canizalez-Román A. Serodiversity, antibiotic resistance, and virulence genes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters collected in coastal areas of northwestern Mexico between 2012 and 2020. Food Microbiol 2024; 123:104567. [PMID: 39038901 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus in oysters from the northwestern coast of Mexico and to identify the serotypes, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance of the strains. Oyster samples were collected from 2012 to 2020 from the northwest coast of Mexico; biochemical and molecular methods were used to identify V. parahaemolyticus from oysters; antiserum reaction to determine V. parahaemolyticus serotypes, and PCR assays were performed to identify pathogenic (tdh and/or trh) or pandemic (toxRS/new, and/or orf8) strains and antibiotic resistance testing. A total of 441 oyster samples were collected and tested for V. parahaemolyticus. Forty-seven percent of oyster samples were positive for V. parahaemolyticus. Ten different O serogroups and 72 serovars were identified, predominantly serotype O1:KUT with 22.2% and OUT:KUT with 17.3%. Twenty new serotypes that had not been previously reported in our region were identified. We detected 4.3% of pathogenic clones but no pandemic strains. About 73.5% of strains were resistant to at least one antibiotic, mainly ampicillin and ciprofloxacin; 25% were multi-drug resistant. In conclusion, the pathogenic strains in oysters and antibiotic resistance are of public health concern, as the potential for outbreaks throughout northwestern Mexico is well established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Flores-Villaseñor
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico; The Sinaloa State Public Health Laboratory, Secretariat of Health, 80058, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Jorge Velázquez-Román
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Nidia León-Sicairos
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico; Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa, 80200, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Carolina Lira-Morales
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Jesús J Martínez-García
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico; Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa, 80200, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Erika Acosta-Smith
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Jorge Valdés-Flores
- Programa Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, 80040, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Tapia-Pastrana
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca, IMSS-BIENESTAR, Oaxaca, 71256, Mexico
| | - Adrian Canizalez-Román
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico; The Women's Hospital, Secretariat of Health, 80020, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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Onohuean H, Nwodo UU. Polymorphism and mutational diversity of virulence (vcgCPI/vcgCPE) and resistance determinants (aac(3)-IIa, (aacC2, strA, Sul 1, and 11) among human pathogenic Vibrio species recovered from surface waters in South-Western districts of Uganda. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:94. [PMID: 37801152 PMCID: PMC10558413 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibrio species are among the autochthonous bacterial populations found in surface waters and associated with various life-threatening extraintestinal diseases, especially in human populations with underlying illnesses and wound infections. Presently, very diminutive information exists regarding these species' mutational diversity of virulence and resistance genes. This study evaluated variations in endonucleases and mutational diversity of the virulence and resistance genes of Vibrio isolates, harboring virulence-correlated gene (vcgCPI), dihydropteroate synthase type 1 and type II genes (Sul 1 and 11), (aadA) aminoglycoside (3'') (9) adenylyltransferase gene, (aac(3)-IIa, (aacC2)a, aminoglycoside N(3)-acetyltransferase III, and (strA) aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase resistance genes. METHODS Using combinations of molecular biology techniques, bioinformatics tools, and sequence analysis. RESULTS Our result revealed various nucleotide variations in virulence determinants of V. vulnificus (vcgCPI) at nucleotide positions (codon) 73-75 (A → G) and 300-302 (N → S). The aminoglycosides resistance gene (aadA) of Vibrio species depicts a nucleotide difference at position 482 (A → G), while the aminoglycosides resistance gene (sul 1 and 11) showed two variable regions of nucleotide polymorphism (102 and 140). The amino acid differences exist with the nucleotide polymorphism at position 140 (A → E). The banding patterns produced by the restriction enzymes HinP1I, MwoI, and StyD4I showed significant variations. Also, the restriction enzyme digestion of protein dihydropteroate synthase type 1 and type II genes (Sul 1 and 11) differed significantly, while enzymes DpnI and Hinf1 indicate no significant differences. The restriction enzyme NlaIV showed no band compared to reference isolates from the GenBank. However, the resistant determinants show significant point nucleotide mutation, which does not produce any amino acid change with diverse polymorphic regions, as revealed in the restriction digest profile. CONCLUSION The described virulence and resistance determinants possess specific polymorphic locus relevant to pathogenomics studies, pharmacogenomic, and control of such water-associated strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Onohuean
- Biopharmaceutics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda.
- Biomolecules, Metagenomics, Endocrine and Tropical Disease Research Group (BMETDREG), Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda.
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- Patho‑Biocatalysis Group (PBG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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Fan Q, Dong X, Wang Z, Yue Y, Yuan Y, Wang Z, Yue T. TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomics and Non-targeted Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Antibacterial Mechanism of Hexanal against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12105-12115. [PMID: 37498004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Hexanal is a phytochemical with antimicrobial activity. However, its antibacterial effect and mechanism against Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) remain unclear. The study aims to elucidate the associated mechanism using tandem mass tag quantitative proteomics and non-targeted metabolomics. Hexanal treatment reduced intracellular ATP concentration, increased membrane permeability, and destroyed the morphology and ultrastructure of V. parahaemolyticus cells. Proteomics and metabolomics data indicated that 572 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 241 differential metabolites (DMs) were identified in hexanal-treated V. parahaemolyticus. These DEPs and DMs were involved in multiple biological pathways including amino acid metabolism, purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis, etc. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that hexanal damaged the structure and function of cell membranes, inhibited nucleotide metabolism, and disturbed carbohydrate metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, which ultimately resulted in growth inhibition and bacterial death. The study is conducive to better understand the mode of action of hexanal against V. parahaemolyticus and offers experimental foundation for the application of hexanal as the antibacterial agent in the seafood-associated industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xinru Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zewei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- Xi'an Gaoxin No.1 High School, Xian 710000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhouli Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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Chen L, Wang J, Chen J, Zhang R, Zhang H, Qi X, He Y. Epidemiological characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus outbreaks, Zhejiang, China, 2010-2022. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1171350. [PMID: 37448578 PMCID: PMC10336542 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1171350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most common foodborne pathogens and poses a significant disease burden. The purpose of the study was to elucidate the epidemiological characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus outbreaks in Zhejiang Province, and provide insights for the targeted prevention and control of foodborne diseases. Methods Descriptive statistical methods were utilized to analyze the data on Vibrio parahaemolyticus outbreaks reported by all Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) through Foodborne Disease Outbreaks Surveillance System (FDOSS) in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2022. Results From 2010 to 2022, a total of 383 outbreaks caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus were reported by 90 CDCs in 11 prefectures of Zhejiang Province, resulting in 4,382 illnesses, 326 hospitalizations and 1 death. The main symptoms of the outbreak-related cases were diarrhea (95.18%), abdominal pain (89.23%), nausea (55.64%), vomiting (50.57%), fever (24.21%), etc. The outbreaks occurring between July and September accounted for 77.54% of all outbreaks (297 out of 383). Outbreaks associated with restaurants accounted for the majority (57.96%, 222/383) of all outbreaks, followed by those linked to staff canteens (15.40%, 59/383) and rural banquets (11.23%, 43/383). 31.85% of all outbreaks were associated with the consumption of aquatic products, while ready-to-eat foods such as Chinese cold dishes and cooked meat products accounted for 12.53% of all outbreaks. Serotype O3:K6 (81.94%, 118/144) was the predominant serotype responsible for outbreaks from 2010 to 2020, while serotype O10:K4 (57.89%, 33/57) was the predominant serotype from 2021 to 2022. Conclusion In-depth and comprehensive analysis of long-term surveillance data on Vibrio parahaemolyticus outbreaks is essential to gain insight into the epidemiological characteristics, identify long-term patterns and recent trends, and enable governments to prioritize interventions and develop targeted policies to mitigate such outbreaks.
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Gavilan RG, Caro-Castro J, Blondel CJ, Martinez-Urtaza J. Vibrio parahaemolyticus Epidemiology and Pathogenesis: Novel Insights on an Emerging Foodborne Pathogen. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1404:233-251. [PMID: 36792879 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-22997-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The epidemiological dynamics of V. parahaemolyticus´ infections have been characterized by the abrupt appearance of outbreaks in remote areas where these diseases had not been previously detected, without knowing the routes of entry of the pathogens in the new area. However, there are recent studies that show the link between the appearance of epidemic outbreaks of Vibrio and environmental factors such as oceanic transport of warm waters, which has provided a possible mechanism for the dispersion of Vibrio diseases globally. Despite this evidence, there is little information on the possible routes of entry and transport of infectious agents from endemic countries to the entire world. In this sense, the recent advances in genomic sequencing tools are making it possible to infer possible biogeographical patterns of diverse pathogens with relevance in public health like V. parahaemolyticus. In this chapter, we will address several general aspects about V. parahaemolyticus, including their microbiological and genetic detection, main virulence factors, and the epidemiology of genotypes involved in foodborne outbreaks globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie G Gavilan
- Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru. .,Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru.
| | | | - Carlos J Blondel
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Martinez-Urtaza
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Yang Q, Xiao G, Chen R, Huang X, Teng S. Immune responses of hemocytes in the blood clam Tegillarca granosa in response to in vivo Vibrio harveyi infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108447. [PMID: 36435369 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture of the blood clam Tegillarca granosa accounts for approximately 50% of Arcidae (ark shell) production in China. Vibrio infection severely threatens the sustainability of the clam aquaculture industry. Exposure to Vibrio induces an immune response in blood clams. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, immune responses of hemocytes in blood clams were detected after Vibrio infection; the immersion method was used in vivo to mimic the clam's natural infection process. After 24 h of exposure to Vibrio infection, the Vibrio load in hemolymph fluid in both the treatment Ⅰ (25,033.33 ± 19,563.11 CFU/mL) and treatment Ⅱ (122,163.33 ± 194,409.49 CFU/mL) groups were significantly higher, than that in the control group (13.67 ± 37.73 CFU/mL) (P < 0.05). Correspondingly, the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species was approximately 1.40 (treatment Ⅰ) and 2.12 (treatment Ⅱ) fold higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and the induced DNA damage showed a similar trend (P < 0.05). Vibrio infection also significantly increased lysozyme content, adenosine triphosphate content, and peroxidase isozyme activity, in both the serum and hemocyte lysates (P < 0.05). The expression of immune-associated genes (ABCA3, c-Myc, Caspase 3, and HSP70) was upregulated under infection conditions. The phagocytic activity was approximately 1.99 (treatment Ⅰ) and 2.57 (treatment Ⅱ) fold that in control clams (P < 0.05). In addition, the total hemocyte count and red granulocyte percentage both significantly decreased by approximately 75-90% after Vibrio infection. These results provided novel insights into the mechanism of hemocyte immunity in T. granosa against Vibrio infection, which may aid in the future prevention and control of Vibrio infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyuan Yang
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325005, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Guoqiang Xiao
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325005, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325005, China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325005, China.
| | - Shuangshuang Teng
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-Resource, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325005, China.
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León-Sicairos N, Zatarain-Lopez R, Angulo-Zamudio UA, Velazquez-Roman J, Flores-Villaseñor H, Martinez-Garcia JJ, Moreno-Pérez MA, Buelna-Romero A, Hernández-Monroy I, Lopez-Martinez I, Cuen-Diaz HM, Diaz-Quiñonez JA, Canizalez-Roman A. Vibrio parahaemolyticus Is Associated with Diarrhea Cases in Mexico, with a Dominance of Pandemic O3:K6 Clones. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10318. [PMID: 36011953 PMCID: PMC9408606 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we conducted surveillance of the V. parahaemolyticus strains present in clinical samples from six geographical regions of Mexico (22 states) from 2004 to 2011. The serotype dominance, virulence genes, presence of pandemic O3:K6 strains, and antibiotic resistance of the isolates were investigated. In total, 144 strains were isolated from the clinical samples. Seven different O serogroups and twenty-five serovars were identified. Most clinical isolates (66%, 95/144) belonged to the pandemic clone O3:K6 (tdh+, toxRS/new+ and/or orf8+) and were detected in 20 of the 22 states. Among the pandemic clones, approximately 17.8% (17/95) of the strains cross-reacted with the antisera for the K6 and K59 antigens (O3:K6, K59 serotype). Other pathogenic strains (tdh+ and/or trh+, toxRS/new-, orf8-) accounted for 26.3%, and the nonpathogenic strains (tdh- and/or trh-) accounted for 7.6%. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that most of the strains were resistant to ampicillin (99.3%) but were sensitive to most tested antibiotics. The level of multidrug resistance was 1.3%. Our results indicate that pandemic O3:K6 is present in most Mexican states, thus, constant surveillance of V. parahaemolyticus strains in diarrhea patients is a public health priority and is useful for conducting risk assessments of foodborne illnesses to prevent V. parahaemolyticus outbreaks. Overall, our observations indicate that the pandemic O3:K6 clone of V. parahaemolyticus has become a relatively stable subpopulation and may be endemically established in Mexico; therefore, constant surveillance is needed to avoid new outbreaks of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidia León-Sicairos
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80246, Mexico
- Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80200, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Héctor Flores-Villaseñor
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80246, Mexico
- The Sinaloa State Public Health Laboratory, Secretariat of Health, Culiacan 80020, Mexico
| | | | - María Asunción Moreno-Pérez
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos “Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez” (InDRE), Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 01480, Mexico
| | - Alma Buelna-Romero
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos “Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez” (InDRE), Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 01480, Mexico
| | - Irma Hernández-Monroy
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos “Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez” (InDRE), Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 01480, Mexico
| | - Irma Lopez-Martinez
- Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos “Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez” (InDRE), Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 01480, Mexico
| | - Hector Melesio Cuen-Diaz
- Faculty of Accounting and Administration, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80020, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Diaz-Quiñonez
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80246, Mexico
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
| | - Adrián Canizalez-Roman
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80246, Mexico
- The Women’s Hospital, Secretariat of Health, Culiacan 80020, Mexico
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Onohuean H, Okoh AI, Nwodo UU. Antibiogram signatures of Vibrio species recovered from surface waters in South Western districts of Uganda: Implications for environmental pollution and infection control. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150706. [PMID: 34600994 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reports of vibriosis and other related gastrointestinal infections have remained a recurring concern in the diverse global continent. The safety of drinking surface water and associated environmental pollution has remained a public health concern in limited resource sittings. Seen in this light, we report the antibiogram signatures of Vibrio species recovered from surface waters in the South-Western districts of Uganda. Surface water samples were collected for four months for Vibrio species isolation in four districts (Bushenyi-B, Mitooma-M, Rubirizi-R, and Sheema-S) using bacteria culture procedures, disc diffusion and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Isolates were characterised, and the antibiotic fingerprints were determined using PCR and nine selected antibiotics in routine use. A total of 392 Vibrio species were confirmed from the various districts (B: 172, M: 79. R: 60, S: 81), with 163 (94.77%) resistant to colistin (polymixin), 145 (84.3%) resistant to cefotaxime, 127 (73.84%) resistant to azithromycin, and 33 (19.19%) resistant to chloramphenicol among Bushenyi isolates. A similar high resistance to fluoroquinolones and carbapenem antibiotics were also recorded in other districts of the study area. A complete multiple antibiotic resistance phenotype ((M)ARPs) to the applied antibiotics (A-CTX-CXM-MEM-ATH-K-TM-C-PB-NI-CIP-NA) were also recorded among some isolates, which produced multiple antibiotic resistance indexes of 1, suggesting a high-risk source of contamination due to the usage of several antibiotics. The PCR reports also confirm ampC gene {20 (10.9%)}, beta-lactamase TEM gene (blaTEM2), {30 (10%)} and dihydropteroate synthase type-1 and 11 gene (sul 1 & 11) {16 (8%)}. The results present an implicated environmental pollution problem and a potential concern to public health, therefore there is the need for control of such infectious bacteria and environmental pollution monitoring. Hence, it is recommended various approaches crucial to monitoring of emerging trends in drug resistance at the local and international levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Onohuean
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Biopharmaceutics unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western-Campus, Uganda.
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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Guerrero A, Gomez-Gil B, Lizarraga-Partida ML. Genomic stability among O3:K6 V. parahaemolyticus pandemic strains isolated between 1996 to 2012 in American countries. BMC Genom Data 2021; 22:38. [PMID: 34579653 PMCID: PMC8477464 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-021-00985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The V. parahaemolyticus pandemic clone, results in the development of gastrointestinal illness in humans. Toxigenic strains of this species are frequently isolated from aquatic habitats and organisms such as mollusks and crustaceans. Reports on the isolation of the pandemic clone started in 1996, when a new O3:K6 clone was identified in Asia, that rapidly spread worldwide, becoming the predominant clone isolated from clinical cases. In this study whole genome sequencing was accomplished with an Illumina MiniSeq platform, upon six novel V. parahaemolyticus strains, that have been isolated in Mexico since 1998 and three representative genomes of strains that were isolated from reported outbreaks in other American countries, and were deposited in the GenBank. These nine genomes were compared against the reference sequence of the O3:K6 pandemic strain (RIMD 2210633), which was isolated in 1996, to determine sequence differences within American isolates and between years of isolation. RESULTS The results indicated that strains that were isolated at different times and from different countries, were highly genetically similar, among them as well as to the reference strain RIMD 2210633, indicating a high level of genetic stability among the strains from American countries between 1996 to 2012, without significant genetic changes relative to the reference strain RIMD 2210633, which was isolated in 1996 and was considered to be representative of a novel O3:K6 pandemic strain. CONCLUSIONS The genomes of V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from clinical and environmental sources in Mexico and other American countries, presented common characteristics that have been reported for RIMD 2210633 O3:K6 pandemic strain. The major variations that were registered in this study corresponded to genes non associated to virulence factors, which could be the result of adaptations to different environmental conditions. Nevertheless, results do not show a clear pattern with the year or locality where the strains were isolated, which is an indication of a genomic stability of the studied strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Guerrero
- Cátedras CONACyT-CIAD, Food Research and Development Center A.C. Mazatlán Unit (Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Unidad Mazatlán), Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.,CIAD, Food Research and Development Center A.C. Mazatlán Unit for Aquaculture, A.P. 711, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico, 82100
| | - Bruno Gomez-Gil
- CIAD, Food Research and Development Center A.C. Mazatlán Unit for Aquaculture, A.P. 711, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico, 82100
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Di DYW, Shin H, Han D, Unno T, Hur HG. High genetic diversity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from tidal water and mud of southern coast of South Korea. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5308828. [PMID: 30753635 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A horizontal, fluorophore-enhanced, repetitive extragenic palindromic-polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) DNA fingerprinting technique was adapted to examine the genotypic richness and source differentiation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (n = 1749) isolated from tidal water and mud of southern coast of South Korea. The number of unique genotypes observed from June (163, 51.9%), September (307, 63.9%), December (205, 73.8%) and February (136, 74.7%), indicating a high degree of genetic diversity. Contrary, lower genetic diversity was detected in April (99, 46.8%), including predominant genotypes comprised >30 V. parahaemolyticus isolates. Jackknife analysis indicated that 65.1% tidal water isolates and 87.1% mud isolates were correctly assigned to their source groups. Sixty-nine isolates of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus were clustered into two groups, separated by sampling month, source of isolation and serogroups. Serotypes O1, O4, O5, O10/O12 and O11 were the dominant serovariants, while serotypes O3/O13 were highly detected in April where there were no pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus isolates. Most of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates were resistant to ampicillin, ceftazidime and sulfamethoxazole. Interestingly, four V. parahaemolyticus isolates resistant to carbepenem did not contain the known carbapenemase-encoding gene, but possess an extended-spectrum β-lactamase blaTEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Y W Di
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, 61005 Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hansub Shin
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, 61005 Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dukki Han
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju-si, 690-756 Jeju, South Korea
| | - Tatsuya Unno
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju-si, 690-756 Jeju, South Korea
| | - Hor-Gil Hur
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, 61005 Gwangju, South Korea
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11
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Villicaña C, Amarillas L, Soto-Castro L, Gómez-Gil B, Lizárraga-Partida ML, León-Félix J. Occurrence and Abundance of Pathogenic Vibrio Species in Raw Oysters at Retail Seafood Markets in Northwestern Mexico. J Food Prot 2019; 82:2094-2099. [PMID: 31724880 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Seafood has frequently been associated with foodborne illness because pathogens are easily introduced during seafood cultivation, handling, and processing. Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae are human pathogens that cause gastroenteritis and cholera, respectively, and Vibrio vulnificus can cause fatal wound infections and septicemia. However, information about the occurrence of these pathogens in oysters from the Pacific coast of Mexico is limited to V. parahaemolyticus. In the present study, we evaluated the presence and abundance of these three Vibrio species in 68 raw oysters (Crassostrea corteziensis) obtained from retail seafood markets in Sinaloa, Mexico. The most probable number (MPN)-PCR assay was used for amplification of the tlh (thermolabile hemolysin), ompW (outer membrane protein), and vvhA (hemolytic cytolysin) genes that are specific to V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, and V. vulnificus, respectively. All oyster samples were positive for at least one Vibrio species. V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, and V. vulnificus prevalences were 77.9, 8.8, and 32.3% overall, respectively, and most species were present in all sample periods with increased prevalence in period 3. The tdh (thermostable direct hemolysin) gene was detected in 30.1%, trh (TDH-related hemolysin) was detected in 3.7%, and tdh/trh was detected in 7.5% of the total tlh-positive samples (53 of 68), whereas the pandemic serotype O3:K6 (orf8 positive) was detected in only 1 sample (1.8%). The total prevalence of tdh and/or trh was 41.5%. In none of the samples positive for V. cholerae were the cholera toxin (ctxA) and cholix (chxA) toxigenic genes or the rfb gene encoding the O1 and O139 antigens amplified, suggesting the presence of non-O1 non-O139 V. cholerae strains. Our results clearly indicated a high prevalence of pathogenic Vibrio species in raw oysters from retail seafood markets in Mexico. Consumption of these raw oysters carries the potential risk of foodborne illness, which can be limited by cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Villicaña
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A. C.,National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT), Carretera Eldorado Km. 5.5, Apartado Postal 32-A, C. P. 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México (ORCID: https:/orcid.org/0000-0003-3755-881X [J.L.-F.])
| | - Luis Amarillas
- Laboratorio de Genética, Instituto de Investigación Lightbourn, A. C. Carretera Las Pampas Km. 2.5, Col. Tierra y Libertad, C.P. 33980, Ciudad Jiménez, Chihuahua 33981, México
| | | | - Bruno Gómez-Gil
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A. C. Unit for Aquaculture, A.P. 711 Mazatlán, Sinaloa 82000, México
| | - Marcial Leonardo Lizárraga-Partida
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada 3918, Fraccionamiento Zona Playitas, 22860 Ensenada, Baja California, México
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12
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Fernández-Rendón CL, Barrera-Escorcia G, Wong-Chang I, Vázquez Botello A, Gómez-Gil B, Lizárraga-Partida ML. Toxigenic V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus in oysters from the Gulf of Mexico and sold in Mexico City. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2019; 29:430-440. [PMID: 30479158 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2018.1548696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oysters can accumulate potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of these Vibrio species and their toxigenic variants in oysters from the Gulf of Mexico sold in Mexico City. Oyster samples were studied using traditional culture and molecular polymerase chain reaction analysis. V. cholerae was present in 30.4% of the samples and its toxigenic variant chxA+ in 26.1%. It was isolated only in deshelled oysters, mainly in the dry season. V. parahaemolyticus was present in 95.7% of the samples and the toxigenic variant was found in 17.4%. V. vulnificus was identified in 60.9% of the samples, 38% of which corresponded to the environmental genotype and 21.7% to the clinical genotype, mainly in the cold season. Consumption of the oysters analyzed poses health risks due to the presence of Vibrio species, especially in deshelled oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irma Wong-Chang
- b Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Alfonso Vázquez Botello
- b Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Bruno Gómez-Gil
- c Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C , Mazatlán , Mexico
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13
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Han D, Yu F, Chen X, Zhang R, Li J. Challenges in Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections caused by the pandemic clone. Future Microbiol 2019; 14:437-450. [PMID: 30855189 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus infections caused by the pandemic clone have become a global public health issue. The pandemic clone includes over ten sequence types and 49 serotypes. Several markers such as toxRS/new, orf8 and genomic islands were considered specific for pandemic strains, but subsequent studies later confirmed a lack of specificity. Thus, identifying stable indicators for the pandemic clone is still an open question. In recent years, several environmental pandemic strains are growing, constituting a new threat to seafood safety and human health. Traditional methods show limited discrimination in studying the microevolution of pandemic strains. For example, multilocus sequence typing divides many pandemic strains into ST3 type, making it difficult to further distinguish the variability within ST3 strains from different contexts. When using a whole genome sequencing-based technique, strains including those with the same sequence type, could be well separated. Whole genome sequencing-based technology also played important roles in dissecting the evolution process and revealing the mechanism underlying rapid serotype conversion within pandemic strains. In addition, the emergence of multiple-antibiotic resistant pandemic strains needs attention. Altogether, we are facing many challenges posed by pandemic V. parahaemolyticus strains, which need to be resolved in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Han
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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14
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Yang Y, Zhou L, Luo X. Non-redundant expression of the two katG genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus V110. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:535-541. [PMID: 30793344 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus V110 is a marine origin pathogen infecting shrimp. Its resistance to oxidative stress is important for its survival in the complex marine ecosystems. vpa0768 (katG1) and vpa0453 (katG2) were previously found to contribute to the resistance against H2 O2 and isopropylbenzene. Our data showed that purified KatG2 and KatG1 possessed similar activity for hydrolyzing H2 O2 at 37 °C. The transcription of katG genes was induced by H2 O2 , cumene, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). The fold change of katG2 transcripts induced by isopropylbenzene was significantly higher than that of katG1. oxyR and rpoS are well-known regulatory genes which control the anti-oxidative and general stress response pathways, respectively. Deletion of rpoS resulted pathways, respectively. Deletion of rpoS resulted in abolishing the induction of katGs by the peroxides, and oxyR deletion only weakened the expression of the two genes. These results indicate that the two katGs encoding active enzymes are both inducible, but differ in their inducer preference. RpoS and oxyR are required for the full expression of katGs, but other unknown sensing regulators could be involved in the oxidative stress response besides OxyR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- School of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Xuesong Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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15
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Galaviz-Silva L, Iracheta-Villarreal JM, Molina-Garza ZJ. Bacillus and Virgibacillus strains isolated from three Mexican coasts antagonize Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:5075581. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Galaviz-Silva
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Patología Molecular y Experimental. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad B, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, C.P. 66455, Mexico
| | - Jesús Mario Iracheta-Villarreal
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Patología Molecular y Experimental. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad B, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, C.P. 66455, Mexico
| | - Zinnia Judith Molina-Garza
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Patología Molecular y Experimental. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad B, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, C.P. 66455, Mexico
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16
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Guardiola-Avila I, Martínez-Vázquez V, Requena-Castro R, Juárez-Rendón K, Aguilera-Arreola M, Rivera G, Bocanegra-García V. Isolation and identification ofVibriospecies in the Rio Bravo/Grande and water bodies from Reynosa, Tamaulipas. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 67:190-196. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Guardiola-Avila
- CONACyT Research Fellow; Centro de Biotecnología Genómica; Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Reynosa Tamaulipas México
| | - V. Martínez-Vázquez
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica; Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Reynosa Tamaulipas México
| | - R. Requena-Castro
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica; Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Reynosa Tamaulipas México
| | - K. Juárez-Rendón
- CONACyT Research Fellow; Centro de Biotecnología Genómica; Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Reynosa Tamaulipas México
| | - M.G. Aguilera-Arreola
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas; Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Ciudad de México; Mexico City México
| | - G. Rivera
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica; Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Reynosa Tamaulipas México
| | - V. Bocanegra-García
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica; Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Reynosa Tamaulipas México
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17
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Genetic Analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 Strains That Have Been Isolated in Mexico Since 1998. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169722. [PMID: 28099500 PMCID: PMC5242489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important human pathogen that has been isolated worldwide from clinical cases, most of which have been associated with seafood consumption. Environmental and clinical toxigenic strains of V. parahaemolyticus that were isolated in Mexico from 1998 to 2012, including those from the only outbreak that has been reported in this country, were characterized genetically to assess the presence of the O3:K6 pandemic clone, and their genetic relationship to strains that are related to the pandemic clonal complex (CC3). Pathogenic tdh+ and tdh+/trh+ strains were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Also, the entire genome of a Mexican O3:K6 strain was sequenced. Most of the strains were tdh/ORF8-positive and corresponded to the O3:K6 serotype. By PFGE and MLST, there was very close genetic relationship between ORF8/O3:K6 strains, and very high genetic diversities from non-pandemic strains. The genetic relationship is very close among O3:K6 strains that were isolated in Mexico and sequences that were available for strains in the CC3, based on the PubMLST database. The whole-genome sequence of CICESE-170 strain had high similarity with that of the reference RIMD 2210633 strain, and harbored 7 pathogenicity islands, including the 4 that denote O3:K6 pandemic strains. These results indicate that pandemic strains that have been isolated in Mexico show very close genetic relationship among them and with those isolated worldwide.
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18
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Barrera-Escorcia G, Wong-Chang I, Fernández-Rendón CL, Botello AV, Gómez-Gil B, Lizárraga-Partida ML. Quantification of Vibrio species in oysters from the Gulf of Mexico with two procedures based on MPN and PCR. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:602. [PMID: 27709461 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5620-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oysters can accumulate potentially pathogenic water bacteria. The objective of this study was to compare two procedures to quantify Vibrio species present in oysters to determine the most sensitive method. We analyzed oyster samples from the Gulf of Mexico, commercialized in Mexico City. The samples were inoculated in tubes with alkaline peptone water (APW), based on three tubes and four dilutions (10-1 to 10-4). From these tubes, the first quantification of Vibrio species was performed (most probable number (MPN) from tubes) and bacteria were inoculated by streaking on thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) petri dishes. Colonies were isolated for a second quantification (MPN from dishes). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine species with specific primers: ompW for Vibrio cholerae, tlh for Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and VvhA for Vibrio vulnificus. Simultaneously, the sanitary quality of oysters was determined. The quantification of V. parahaemolyticus was significantly higher in APW tubes than in TCBS dishes. Regarding V. vulnificus counts, the differences among both approaches were not significant. In contrast, the MPNs of V. cholerae obtained from dishes were higher than from tubes. The quantification of MPNs through PCR of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus obtained from APW was sensitive and recommendable for the detection of both species. In contrast, to quantify V. cholerae, it was necessary to isolate colonies on TCBS prior PCR. Culturing in APW at 42 °C could be an alternative to avoid colony isolation. The MPNs of V. cholerae from dishes was associated with the bad sanitary quality of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irma Wong-Chang
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | | | - Alfonso Vázquez Botello
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Bruno Gómez-Gil
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Mazatlán, Sin, México
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19
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Kim S, Chung HY, Lee DH, Lim JG, Kim SK, Ku HJ, Kim YT, Kim H, Ryu S, Lee JH, Choi SH. Complete genome sequence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain FORC_008, a foodborne pathogen from a flounder fish in South Korea. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw044. [PMID: 27170457 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative, motile, nonspore-forming pathogen that causes foodborne illness associated with the consumption of contaminated seafoods. Although many cases of foodborne outbreaks caused by V. parahaemolyticus have been reported, the genomes of only five strains have been completely sequenced and analyzed using bioinformatics. In order to characterize overall virulence factors and pathogenesis of V. parahaemolyticus associated with foodborne outbreak in South Korea, a new strain FORC_008 was isolated from flounder fish and its genome was completely sequenced. The genomic analysis revealed that the genome of FORC_008 consists of two circular DNA chromosomes of 3266 132 bp (chromosome I) and 1772 036 bp (chromosome II) with a GC content of 45.36% and 45.53%, respectively. The entire genome contains 4494 predicted open reading frames, 129 tRNAs and 31 rRNA genes. While the strain FORC_008 does not have genes encoding thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related hemolysin (TRH), its genome encodes many other virulence factors including hemolysins, pathogenesis-associated secretion systems and iron acquisition systems, suggesting that it may be a potential pathogen. This report provides an extended understanding on V. parahaemolyticus in genomic level and would be helpful for rapid detection, epidemiological investigation and prevention of foodborne outbreak in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Chung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Gyu Lim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Keun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Ku
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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20
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de Jesús Hernández-Díaz L, Leon-Sicairos N, Velazquez-Roman J, Flores-Villaseñor H, Guadron-Llanos AM, Martinez-Garcia JJ, Vidal JE, Canizalez-Roman A. A pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 clone causing most associated diarrhea cases in the Pacific Northwest coast of Mexico. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:221. [PMID: 25852677 PMCID: PMC4371747 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Between September and October of 2004, more than 1230 cases of gastroenteritis due to pandemic O3:K6 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) were reported in the relatively small geographical area of Southern Sinaloa, a state located in Northwest Mexico. Since then, V. parahaemolyticus-associated gastroenteritis cases have gradually increased in prevalence spreading from south to north. The present study conducted an epidemiological surveillance of V. parahaemolyticus strains in both environmental and clinical samples along the Pacific coast of Sinaloa from 2011 to 2013. The genetic relatedness, serotype dominance and antibiotic resistance of isolates were investigated. A total of 46 strains were isolated from environmental samples (e.g., sediment, seawater and shrimp), whereas 249 strains were obtained from stools of patients with gastroenteritis. Nine different O serogroups and 16 serovars were identified. Serovars O3:K6 and O6:K46 were identified in both environmental and clinical strains. Whereas most environmental isolates carried the tdh gene (71.74%, 33/46), only three (6.52%) belonged to pandemic clones (O3:K6, O3:KUT and OUT:KUT). In contrast, 81.1% (202/249) of clinical isolates belonged to pandemic serotypes, with O3:K6 (tdh, toxRS/new, and/or orf8) representing the predominant serovar (97%, 196/202). This prevalence of pathogenic (tdh and/or trh positive) and O3:K6 pandemic V. parahaemolyticus isolates in this study were similar to those found from 2004 to 2010. As investigated by REP-PCR, genetic lineages of selected O3:K6 strains isolated in this study and some isolated earlier were nearly identical. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that most strains (93.8%) were resistant to ampicillin but sensitive to chloramphenicol (98.8%). Multidrug resistance significantly increased from 8.6% (2004-2010) to 22.93% (2011-2013; p < 0.05). Our data indicate that pandemic O3:K6 clone has endemically established in the Pacific Coast of Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio de Jesús Hernández-Díaz
- Regional Doctorate Program in Biotechnology, School of Biological Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Nidia Leon-Sicairos
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico ; Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - J Javier Martinez-Garcia
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico ; Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Jorge E Vidal
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adrián Canizalez-Roman
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico ; The Sinaloa State Public Health Laboratory, Secretariat of Health Culiacán, Mexico
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López-Hernández KM, Pardío-Sedas VT, Lizárraga-Partida L, Williams JDJ, Martínez-Herrera D, Flores-Primo A, Uscanga-Serrano R, Rendón-Castro K. Environmental parameters influence on the dynamics of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus densities in Crassostrea virginica harvested from Mexico's Gulf coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 91:317-329. [PMID: 25510545 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of environmental parameters on the total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus seasonal densities in American oysters (Crassostrea virginica) was evaluated for 1 year. Harvesting site A yielded the highest mean densities of V. parahaemolyticus tlh+, tdh+/trh-, tdh-/trh+ and tdh+/trh+ during spring season at 2.57, 1.74, 0.36, and -0.40 log10 MPN/g, respectively, and tdh+/orf8+ during winter season (0.90 log10 MPN/g). V. parahaemolyticus tlh+ densities were associated to salinity (R(2)=0.372, P<0.022), tdh+/trh+ to turbidity (R(2)=0.597, P<0.035), and orf8+ to temperature, salinity, and pH (R(2)=0.964, P<0.001). The exposure to salinity and temperature conditions during winter and spring seasons regulated the dynamics of V. parahaemolyticus harboring potentially pathogenic genotypes within the oyster. The adaptive response of V. parahaemolyticus to seasonal environmental changes may lead to an increase in survival and virulence, threatening the seafood safety and increasing the risk of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla M López-Hernández
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico
| | - Violeta T Pardío-Sedas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico.
| | - Leonardo Lizárraga-Partida
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California CP 22860, Mexico
| | - José de J Williams
- Dirección General de Desarrollo Académico, Edificio Central-Rectoría, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán CP 97000, Mexico
| | - David Martínez-Herrera
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico
| | - Argel Flores-Primo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico
| | - Roxana Uscanga-Serrano
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico
| | - Karla Rendón-Castro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico
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Cohen AN, Dobbs FC. Failure of the public health testing program for ballast water treatment systems. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 91:29-34. [PMID: 25596892 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Since 2004, an international testing program has certified 53 shipboard treatment systems as meeting ballast water discharge standards, including limits on certain microbes to prevent the spread of human pathogens. We determined how frequently certification tests failed a minimum requirement for a meaningful evaluation, that the concentration of microbes in the untreated (control) discharge must exceed the regulatory limit for treated discharges. In 95% of cases where the result was accepted as evidence that the treatment system reduced microbes to below the regulatory limit, the discharge met the limit even without treatment. This shows that the certification program for ballast water treatment systems is dysfunctional in protecting human health. In nearly all cases, the treatment systems would have equally well "passed" these tests even if they had never been turned on. Protocols must require minimum concentrations of targeted microbes in test waters, reflecting the upper range of concentrations in waters where ships operate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Cohen
- Center for Research on Aquatic Bioinvasions, 5994 McBryde Avenue, Richmond, CA 94805, USA.
| | - Fred C Dobbs
- Department of Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
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23
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Field and experimental evidence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus as the causative agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease of cultured shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Northwestern Mexico. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 81:1689-99. [PMID: 25548045 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03610-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Moribund shrimp affected by acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) from farms in northwestern Mexico were sampled for bacteriological and histological analysis. Bacterial isolates were molecularly identified as Vibrio parahaemolyticus by the presence of the tlh gene. The tdh-negative, trh-negative, and tlh-positive V. parahaemolyticus strains were further characterized by repetitive extragenic palindromic element-PCR (rep-PCR), and primers AP1, AP2, AP3, and AP and an ems2 IQ2000 detection kit (GeneReach, Taiwan) were used in the diagnostic tests for AHPND. The V. parahaemolyticus strains were used in immersion challenges with shrimp, and farmed and challenged shrimp presented the same clinical and pathological symptoms: lethargy, empty gut, pale and aqueous hepatopancreas, and expanded chromatophores. Using histological analysis and bacterial density count, three stages of AHNPD (initial, acute, and terminal) were identified in the affected shrimp. The pathognomonic lesions indicating severe desquamation of tubular epithelial cells of the hepatopancreas were observed in both challenged and pond-infected shrimp. The results showed that different V. parahaemolyticus strains have different virulences; some of the less virulent strains do not induce 100% mortality, and mortality rates also rise more slowly than they do for the more virulent strains. The virulence of V. parahaemolyticus strains was dose dependent, where the threshold infective density was 10(4) CFU ml(-1); below that density, no mortality was observed. The AP3 primer set had the best sensitivity and specificity. Field and experimental results showed that the V. parahaemolyticus strain that causes AHPND acts as a primary pathogen for shrimp in Mexico compared with the V. parahaemolyticus strains reported to date.
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Deciphering the role of multiple betaine-carnitine-choline transporters in the Halophile Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 81:351-63. [PMID: 25344241 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02402-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a halophile that is the predominant cause of bacterial seafood-related gastroenteritis worldwide. To survive in the marine environment, V. parahaemolyticus must have adaptive strategies to cope with salinity changes. Six putative compatible solute (CS) transport systems were previously predicted from the genome sequence of V. parahaemolyticus RIMD2210633. In this study, we determined the role of the four putative betaine-carnitine-choline transporter (BCCT) homologues VP1456, VP1723, VP1905, and VPA0356 in the NaCl stress response. Expression analysis of the four BCCTs subjected to NaCl upshock showed that VP1456, VP1905, and VPA0356, but not VP1723, were induced. We constructed in-frame single-deletion mutant strains for all four BCCTs, all of which behaved similarly to the wild-type strain, demonstrating a redundancy of the systems. Growth analysis of a quadruple mutant and four BCCT triple mutants demonstrated the requirement for at least one BCCT for efficient CS uptake. We complemented Escherichia coli MHK13, a CS synthesis- and transporter-negative strain, with each BCCT and examined CS uptake by growth analysis and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analyses. These data demonstrated that VP1456 had the most diverse substrate transport ability, taking up glycine betaine (GB), proline, choline, and ectoine. VP1456 was the sole ectoine transporter. In addition, the data demonstrated that VP1723 can transport GB, proline, and choline, whereas VP1905 and VPA0356 transported only GB. Overall, the data showed that the BCCTs are functional and that there is redundancy among them.
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25
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Suffredini E, Mioni R, Mazzette R, Bordin P, Serratore P, Fois F, Piano A, Cozzi L, Croci L. Detection and quantification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellfish from Italian production areas. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 184:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Flores-Primo A, Pardío-Sedas V, Lizárraga-Partida L, López-Hernández K, Uscanga-Serrano R, Flores-Hernández R. Seasonal abundance of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from American oysters harvested in the Mandinga Lagoon System, Veracruz, Mexico: implications for food safety. J Food Prot 2014; 77:1069-77. [PMID: 24988011 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The abundance of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) strains in American oysters (Crassostrea virginica) harvested in two different harvest sites from the Mandinga lagoon System was evaluated monthly for 1 year (January through December 2012). Frequencies of species-specific genes and pathogenic genes exhibited a seasonal distribution. The annual occurrence of Vp with the species-specific tlh gene (tlh(+)) was significantly higher during the winter windy season (32.50%) and spring dry season (15.0%), with the highest densities observed during spring dry season at 283.50 most probable number (MPN)/g (lagoon bank A, near human settlements), indicating the highest risk of infection during warmer months. Pathogenic Vp tlh(+)/tdh(+) frequency was significantly higher during the winter windy and the spring dry seasons at 22.50 and 10.00%, respectively, with highest densities of 16.22 and 41.05 MPN/g (bank A), respectively. The tlh/trh and tdh/trh gene combinations were also found in Vp isolates during the spring dry season at 1.25 and 1.3%, respectively, with densities of 1.79 and 0.4 MPN/g (bank A), respectively. The orf8 genes were detected during the winter windy season (1.25%) with highest densities of 5.96 MPN/g (bank A) and 3.21 MPN/g (bank B, near mangrove islands and a heron nesting area). Densities of Vp tdh(+) were correlated (R(2) = 0.245, P < 0.015) with those of Vp orf8(+). The seasonal dynamics of Vp harboring pathogenic genes varied with seasonal changes, with very high proportions of Vp tdh(+) and Vp orf8(+) isolates in the winter windy season at 46.2 and 17.0%, respectively, which suggests that environmental factors may differentially affect the abundance of pathogenic subpopulations. Although all densities of total Vp (Vp tlh(+)) were lower than 10(4) MPN/g, thus complying with Mexican regulations, the presence of pathogenic strains is a public health concern. Our results suggest that total Vp densities may not be appropriate for assessing oyster contamination and predicting the risk of infection. Evaluation of the presence of pathogenic strains would be a better approach to protecting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argel Flores-Primo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Veracruzana, Avenida Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esquina Yáñez, Colonia Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Veracruz, México 91710
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27
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Haley BJ, Kokashvili T, Tskshvediani A, Janelidze N, Mitaishvili N, Grim CJ, Constantin de Magny G, Chen AJ, Taviani E, Eliashvili T, Tediashvili M, Whitehouse CA, Colwell RR, Huq A. Molecular diversity and predictability of Vibrio parahaemolyticus along the Georgian coastal zone of the Black Sea. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:45. [PMID: 24575085 PMCID: PMC3918589 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading cause of seafood-related gastroenteritis and is also an autochthonous member of marine and estuarine environments worldwide. One-hundred seventy strains of V. parahaemolyticus were isolated from water and plankton samples collected along the Georgian coast of the Black Sea during 28 months of sample collection. All isolated strains were tested for presence of tlh, trh, and tdh. A subset of strains were serotyped and tested for additional factors and markers of pandemicity. Twenty-six serotypes, five of which are clinically relevant, were identified. Although all 170 isolates were negative for tdh, trh, and the Kanagawa Phenomenon, 7 possessed the GS-PCR sequence and 27 the 850 bp sequence of V. parahaemolyticus pandemic strains. The V. parahaemolyticus population in the Black Sea was estimated to be genomically heterogeneous by rep-PCR and the serodiversity observed did not correlate with rep-PCR genomic diversity. Statistical modeling was used to predict presence of V. parahaemolyticus as a function of water temperature, with strongest concordance observed for Green Cape site samples (Percent of total variance = 70, P < 0.001). Results demonstrate a diverse population of V. parahaemolyticus in the Black Sea, some of which carry pandemic markers, with increased water temperature correlated to an increase in abundance of V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradd J Haley
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | - Tamar Kokashvili
- George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Ana Tskshvediani
- George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nino Janelidze
- George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nino Mitaishvili
- George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Christopher J Grim
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA ; University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Sciences, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Arlene J Chen
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | - Elisa Taviani
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | - Tamar Eliashvili
- George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Marina Tediashvili
- George Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Chris A Whitehouse
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Rita R Colwell
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA ; University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Sciences, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA ; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA ; CosmosID™ College Park, MD, USA
| | - Anwar Huq
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA ; School of Public Health, Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
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28
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Velazquez-Roman J, León-Sicairos N, de Jesus Hernández-Díaz L, Canizalez-Roman A. Pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 on the American continent. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 3:110. [PMID: 24427744 PMCID: PMC3878053 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most important seafood-borne bacterial in recent years and is the leading causal agent of human acute gastroenteritis, primarily following the consumption of raw, undercooked or mishandled marine products. Until 1996, infections caused by V. parahaemolyticus were generally associated with diverse serovars. However, in February 1996, a unique serovar (O3:K6) of V. parahaemolyticus with specific genetic markers (tdh, toxRS/New and/or orf8) appeared abruptly in Kolkata, India. In subsequent years, O3:K6 isolates similar to those isolated in Kolkata have been reported from food borne outbreaks in Southeast Asia, as well as in the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States (U.S). More recently, there have been reports in Europe, Africa and Central and South America. Specifically, in the American continent, some countries have reported cases of gastroenteritis due to the pandemic O3:K6 strain and its serovariants; the pandemic strain was first detected in Peru (1996, >100 cases), subsequently spreading to Chile in 1998 (>16,804 human cases), to the U.S. in 1998 (>700 cases), to Brazil in 2001 (>18 cases) and to Mexico in 2004 (>1200 cases). The arrival of the pandemic clone on the American continent may have resulted in a significant shift on the epidemic dynamics of V. parahaemolyticus. However, although O3:K6 is the predominant serovar of the recognized clinical strains in some countries in the Americas, a decrease in clinical cases caused by O3:K6 and an increase in cases associated with a new serotype (O3:K59, Chile) have been recently reported. The emergence and worldwide dissemination of O3:K6 and other pandemic strains since 1996 have come to represent a threat to public health and should concern health authorities. This review focuses on the presence, distribution and virulence factors of the V. parahaemolyticus O3:K6 pandemic clone and its serovariants in clinical and environmental strains on the American continent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nidia León-Sicairos
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacan, Mexico ; Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa Culiacan, Mexico
| | | | - Adrian Canizalez-Roman
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacan, Mexico ; The Sinaloa State Public Health Laboratory, Secretariat of Health Culiacan, Mexico
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29
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A predictive model for assessment of decontamination effects of lactic acid and chitosan used in combination on Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shrimps. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 167:124-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Costa RA, Araújo RL, dos Fernandes Vieira RHS. Enzymatic activity of vibrios isolated from the hemolymph of cultured Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-013-0841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Matsuo T, Nakamura K, Kodama T, Mikami T, Hiyoshi H, Tsuchiya T, Ogawa W, Kuroda T. Characterization of all RND-type multidrug efflux transporters in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Microbiologyopen 2013; 2:725-42. [PMID: 23894076 PMCID: PMC3831635 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance nodulation cell division (RND)-type efflux transporters play the main role in intrinsic resistance to various antimicrobial agents in many gram-negative bacteria. Here, we estimated 12 RND-type efflux transporter genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Because VmeAB has already been characterized, we cloned the other 11 RND-type efflux transporter genes and characterized them in Escherichia coli KAM33 cells, a drug hypersusceptible strain. KAM33 expressing either VmeCD, VmeEF, or VmeYZ showed increased minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for several antimicrobial agents. Additional four RND-type transporters were functional as efflux pumps only when co-expressed with VpoC, an outer membrane component in V. parahaemolyticus. Furthermore, VmeCD, VmeEF, and VmeYZ co-expressed with VpoC exhibited a broader substrate specificity and conferred higher resistance than that with TolC of E. coli. Deletion mutants of these transporter genes were constructed in V. parahaemolyticus. TM32 (ΔvmeAB and ΔvmeCD) had significantly decreased MICs for many antimicrobial agents and the number of viable cells after exposure to deoxycholate were markedly reduced. Strains in which 12 operons were all disrupted had very low MICs and much lower fluid accumulation in rabbit ileal loops. These results indicate that resistance nodulation cell division-type efflux transporters contribute not only to intrinsic resistance but also to exerting the virulence of V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taira Matsuo
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityOkayama, Japan
| | - Koji Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityOkayama, Japan
| | - Toshio Kodama
- Pathogenic Microbes Repository Unit, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Taro Mikami
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityOkayama, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Hiyoshi
- Laboratory of Genomic Research on Pathogenic Bacteria, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Tomofusa Tsuchiya
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityOkayama, Japan
| | - Wakano Ogawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityOkayama, Japan
| | - Teruo Kuroda
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama UniversityOkayama, Japan
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32
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Molecular characterization of clinical and environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates in Taiwan. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 165:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Prevalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster and clam culturing environments in Taiwan. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 160:185-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Koralage MSG, Alter T, Pichpol D, Strauch E, Zessin KH, Huehn S. Prevalence and molecular characteristics of Vibrio spp. isolated from preharvest shrimp of the North Western Province of Sri Lanka. J Food Prot 2012; 75:1846-50. [PMID: 23043835 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence and molecular characteristics of Vibrio spp. in farmed shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in Sri Lanka. A total of 170 shrimp samples (100 g of whole shrimp each) taken from individual ponds from 54 farms were collected 1 week prior to harvest from the North Western Province of Sri Lanka. Overall, 98.1% of the farms and 95.1% of the ponds were positive for Vibrio spp. in shrimp; at the pond level, V. parahaemolyticus (91.2%) was most common, followed by V. alginolyticus (18.8%), V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 (4.1%), and V. vulnificus (2.4%). Multiple Vibrio spp. were detected in 20.6% of the ponds. None of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates (n = 419) were positive for the virulence-associated tdh (thermostable direct hemolysin) and trh (TDH-related hemolysin) genes. V. cholerae was confirmed by the presence of ompW, and all isolates (n = 8) were negative for the cholera toxin (ctxA) gene. V. cholerae isolates were serogrouped by PCR and identified as V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139. All four V. vulnificus strains, isolated from different ponds of two geographical regions, showed pathogenic potential; they belonged to vcgC sequence type, type B 16S rRNA genotype and contained a pilF polymorphism associated with human pathogenicity. The results of this study revealed the ubiquitous nature of vibrios in farmed shrimp. To minimize the potential risk of Vibrio infections due to handling or consumption of raw or undercooked seafood products, good manufacturing practices as well as proper handling and processing should be addressed.
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35
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Huff K, Aroonnual A, Littlejohn AEF, Rajwa B, Bae E, Banada PP, Patsekin V, Hirleman ED, Robinson JP, Richards GP, Bhunia AK. Light-scattering sensor for real-time identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio cholerae colonies on solid agar plate. Microb Biotechnol 2012; 5:607-20. [PMID: 22613192 PMCID: PMC3815873 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2012.00349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The three most common pathogenic species of Vibrio, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, are of major concerns due to increased incidence of water‐ and seafood‐related outbreaks and illness worldwide. Current methods are lengthy and require biochemical and molecular confirmation. A novel label‐free forward light‐scattering sensor was developed to detect and identify colonies of these three pathogens in real time in the presence of other vibrios in food or water samples. Vibrio colonies grown on agar plates were illuminated by a 635 nm laser beam and scatter‐image signatures were acquired using a CCD (charge‐coupled device) camera in an automated BARDOT (BActerial Rapid Detection using Optical light‐scattering Technology) system. Although a limited number of Vibrio species was tested, each produced a unique light‐scattering signature that is consistent from colony to colony. Subsequently a pattern recognition system analysing the collected light‐scatter information provided classification in 1−2 min with an accuracy of 99%. The light‐scattering signatures were unaffected by subjecting the bacteria to physiological stressors: osmotic imbalance, acid, heat and recovery from a viable but non‐culturable state. Furthermore, employing a standard sample enrichment in alkaline peptone water for 6 h followed by plating on selective thiosulphate citrate bile salts sucrose agar at 30°C for ∼ 12 h, the light‐scattering sensor successfully detected V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus present in oyster or water samples in 18 h even in the presence of other vibrios or other bacteria, indicating the suitability of the sensor as a powerful screening tool for pathogens on agar plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karleigh Huff
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Rojas MVR, Matté MH, Dropa M, Silva MLD, Matté GR. Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from oysters and mussels in São Paulo, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2012; 53:201-5. [PMID: 21915463 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652011000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine bacterium, responsible for gastroenteritis in humans. Most of the clinical isolates produce thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) encoded by tdh and trh genes respectively. In this study, twenty-three V. parahaemolyticus, previously isolated from oysters and mussels were analyzed by PCR using specific primers for the 16S rRNA and virulence genes (tdh, trh and tlh) and for resistance to different classes of antibiotics and PFGE. Nineteen isolates were confirmed by PCR as V. parahaemolyticus. The tlh gene was present in 100% of isolates, the tdh gene was identified in two (10.5%) isolates, whereas the gene trh was not detected. Each isolate was resistant to at least one of the nine antimicrobials tested. Additionally, all isolates possessed the blaTEM-116 gene. The presence of this gene in V. parahaemolyticus indicates the possibility of spreading this gene in the environment. Atypical strains of V. parahaemolyticus were also detected in this study.
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Soto-Rodriguez SA, Gomez-Gil B, Lozano R, del Rio-Rodríguez R, Diéguez AL, Romalde JL. Virulence of Vibrio harveyi responsible for the "Bright-red" Syndrome in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. J Invertebr Pathol 2012; 109:307-17. [PMID: 22306693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi (Vh) CAIM 1792 strain was isolated from Litopenaeus vannamei affected with "Bright-red" Syndrome (BRS). The strain grew in 1-10% NaCl, at 15-35°C and was resistant to ampicillin (10 μg), carbenicillin (100 μg) and oxytetracycline (30 μg). The lowest MIC was for enrofloxacine (0.5 μgml(-1)). The in vivo and in vitro toxicity of bacterial cells and the extracellular products (ECPs) of Vh CAIM 1792 grown at 1.0%, 2.0% and 4.0% NaCl were evaluated. Adherence ability, enzymatic activities and siderophore production of bacterial cell was tested. The ECPs exhibited several enzymatic activities, such as gelatinase, amylase, lipase, phospholipase and caseinase. These ECPs displayed a strong cytotoxic effect on HELA cell line at 6 and 24 h. Challenges using 10(3) CFU g(-1) caused opacity at the site of injection and over 80% shrimp mortality before 24 h p.i. (post-injection). Mortality caused by the ECPs was higher than mortalities with bacteria, especially in the first hours p.i. Bacteria were re-isolated from hemolymph samples of moribund shrimp and identified as Vh CAIM 1792 by rep-PCR. Histological analysis of shrimp L. vannamei injected with Vh CAIM 1792 revealed generalized necrosis involving skeletal muscle (MU) at the injection site, the lymphoid organ (LO), heart and connective tissues. Melanization within the MU at the site of injection was also observed as well as hemocytic nodules within the hearth and MU at 168 h p.i. LO was the target organ of BRS. Necrosis of the MU at the injection site was the main difference in comparison to other shrimp vibriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia A Soto-Rodriguez
- CIAD, A.C. Mazatlan Unit for Aquaculture and Environmental Management, A.P. 711 Mazatlan, Sinaloa 82010, Mexico.
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Association of pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 present in the coastal environment of Northwest Mexico with cases of recurrent diarrhea between 2004 and 2010. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:1794-803. [PMID: 22247160 DOI: 10.1128/aem.06953-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2004, more than 1,230 cases of gastroenteritis due to pandemic O3:K6 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were reported in southern Sinaloa, a state in Northwestern Mexico. Recurrent sporadic cases arose from 2004 to 2010, spreading from the south to the north. In the present study, Vibrio parahaemolyticus was detected in both environmental samples and clinical cases along the Pacific coast of Sinaloa during 2004 to 2010. An evaluation was made of the serotypes, distribution of virulence genes, and presence of pandemic O3:K6 strains. A total of 144 strains were isolated from environmental samples (from sediment, seawater, and shrimp), and 154 clinical strains were isolated. A total of 10 O serogroups and 30 serovars were identified in the strains. Environmental strains (n = 144) belonged to 10 O serogroups and 28 serovars, while clinical strains (n = 154) belonged to 8 O serogroups and 14 serovars. Ten serovars were shared by both environmental and clinical strains. Among 144 environmental isolates, 4.1% (6/144) belonged to the pandemic clone, with 83.3% containing the orf8 gene and with O3:K6 accounting for 67%. On the other hand, pathogenic strains (tdh and/or trh) accounted for 52% (75/144) of the environmental isolates. Interestingly, among 154 clinical isolates, 80.5% (124/154) were pandemic strains, with O3:K6 (tdh, toxRS(new), and orf8) representing the predominant serovar (99.2%, 123/124). Overall, our results indicate that in spite of a high serodiversity and prevalence of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the environment, the pandemic strain O3:K6 caused >79% of reported cases between 2004 and 2010 in Sinaloa, Mexico.
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Ecological determinants of the occurrence and dynamics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in offshore areas. ISME JOURNAL 2011; 6:994-1006. [PMID: 22094349 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2011.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The life cycle of Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been conventionally associated with estuarine areas characterized by moderate salinity and warm seawater temperatures. Recent evidence suggests that the distribution and population dynamics of V. parahaemolyticus may be shaped by the existence of an oceanic transport of communities of this organism mediated by zooplankton. To evaluate this possibility, the presence of V. parahaemolyticus in the water column of offshore areas of Galicia was investigated by PCR monthly over an 18-month period. Analysis of zooplankton and seawater showed that the occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus in offshore areas was almost exclusively associated with zooplankton and was present in 80% of the samples. The influence of environmental factors assessed by generalized additive models revealed that the abundance and seasonality of V. parahaemolyticus in zooplankton was favoured by the concurrence of downwelling periods that promoted the zooplankton patchiness. These results confirm that offshore waters may be common habitats for V. parahaemolyticus, including strains with virulent traits. Additionally, genetically related populations were found in offshore zooplankton and in estuaries dispersed along 1500 km. This finding suggests that zooplankton may operate as a vehicle for oceanic dispersal of V. parahaemolyticus populations, connecting distant regions and habitats, and thereby producing impacts on the local community demography and the spread of Vibrio-related diseases.
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Canizalez-Roman A, Flores-Villaseñor H, Zazueta-Beltran J, Muro-Amador S, León-Sicairos N. Comparative evaluation of a chromogenic agar medium-PCR protocol with a conventional method for isolation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains from environmental and clinical samples. Can J Microbiol 2011; 57:136-42. [PMID: 21326355 DOI: 10.1139/w10-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Screening for pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus has become routine in certain areas associated with food-borne outbreaks. This study is an evaluation of the CHROMagar Vibrio (CV) medium-PCR protocol and the conventional method (TCBS (thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose) agar plus biochemical and Wagatsuma agar tests) for detection of V. parahaemolyticus in shrimp, water, sediment, and stool samples collected for biosurveillance in an endemic area of northwestern Mexico. A total of 131 environmental and clinical samples were evaluated. The CV medium-PCR protocol showed a significantly improved ability (P < 0.05) to isolate and detect V. parahaemolyticus, identifying isolates of this bacteria missed by the conventional method. Although some other bacteria, distinct from pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus, produced violet colonies similar to that of V. parahaemolyticus on CV medium, we were able to detect a superior number of samples of V. parahaemolyticus with the CV medium-PCR protocol than with the conventional method. The Kanagawa phenomenon is routinely determined on Wagatsuma agar for the diagnosis of V. parahaemolyticus (pathogenic) positive for thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) in developing countries. In our results, Wagatsuma agar showed low sensitivity (65.4% at 24 h and 75.6% at 48 h) and specificity (52.4% at 48 h) for identifying V. parahaemolyticus positive for TDH. Overall, our data support the use of the CV medium-PCR protocol in place of the conventional method (TCBS-biochemical tests-Wagatsuma agar) for detection of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus, both in terms of effectiveness and cost efficiency.
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Oberbeckmann S, Wichels A, Maier T, Kostrzewa M, Raffelberg S, Gerdts G. A polyphasic approach for the differentiation of environmental Vibrio isolates from temperate waters. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2010; 75:145-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00998.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Gomez-Gil B, Roque A, Lacuesta B, Rotllant G. Diversity of vibrios in the haemolymph of the spider crab Maja brachydactyla. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:918-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04718.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gomez-Gil B, Roque A, Rotllant G, Peinado L, Romalde JL, Doce A, Cabanillas-Beltrán H, Chimetto LA, Thompson FL. Photobacterium swingsii sp. nov., isolated from marine organisms. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2010; 61:315-319. [PMID: 20228205 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.019687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Six Gram-negative coccobacilli were isolated from Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) from Mexico and haemolymph of spider crabs (Maja brachydactyla) from Spain. All of the isolates grew as small green colonies on thiosulphate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar and were facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-positive and sensitive to the vibriostatic agent O/129. Repetitive palindromic PCR analysis revealed a high degree of genomic homogeneity among the isolates. Several phenotypic traits differentiated the isolates from the type strains of species of the genus Photobacterium. DNA-DNA relatedness between two representative isolates and their closest phylogenetic neighbours by 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, Photobacterium aplysiae CAIM 14(T) and Photobacterium frigidiphilum CAIM 20(T), was 44.01-53.85 %. We propose a novel species of the genus Photobacterium to accommodate the six isolates, with the name Photobacterium swingsii sp. nov. The type strain is CAIM 1393(T) (=CECT 7576(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gomez-Gil
- CIAD, A.C. Mazatlán Unit for Aquaculture and Environmental Management, AP. 711 Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Ana Roque
- Institut de Reçerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries, Centre d'Aquicultura, Sant Carles de la Rapita, Spain
| | - Guiomar Rotllant
- Institut de Reçerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries, Centre d'Aquicultura, Sant Carles de la Rapita, Spain
| | - Lauro Peinado
- CIAD, A.C. Mazatlán Unit for Aquaculture and Environmental Management, AP. 711 Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Jesus L Romalde
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS-Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Alejandra Doce
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS-Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
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Detection and identification of tdh- and trh-positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains from four species of cultured bivalve molluscs on the Spanish Mediterranean Coast. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:7574-7. [PMID: 19801467 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00772-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Presented here is the first report describing the detection of potentially diarrheal Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from cultured bivalves on the Mediterranean coast, providing data on the presence of both tdh- and trh-positive isolates. Potentially diarrheal V. parahaemolyticus strains were isolated from four species of bivalves collected from both bays of the Ebro delta, Spain.
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Hernandez-Morga J, Leon-Felix J, Peraza-Garay F, Gil-Salas B, Chaidez C. Detection and characterization of hepatitis A virus and Norovirus in estuarine water samples using ultrafiltration - RT-PCR integrated methods. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 106:1579-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Teplitski M, Wright AC, Lorca G. Biological approaches for controlling shellfish-associated pathogens. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2009; 20:185-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gomez-Gil B, Fajer-Avila E, Pascual J, Macián MC, Pujalte MJ, Garay E, Roque A. Vibrio sinaloensis sp. nov., isolated from the spotted rose snapper, Lutjanus guttatus Steindachner, 1869. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008; 58:1621-4. [PMID: 18599705 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.65719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine bacterial strains were studied by means of rep-PCR, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological characterization. Typing analysis by means of rep-PCR showed that all nine strains were highly homogeneous, with similarities above 94 %. The strains were isolated from the same geographical area (Mazatlán, Sinaloa state, Mexico) and the same type of host (cultured rose snapper, Lutjanus guttatus), although from different individuals and organs. Comparison of the almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequences of five strains showed that they belonged to the genus Vibrio and are closely related to the type strains of Vibrio brasiliensis and Vibrio hepatarius, with similarity values ranging from 97.9 to 98.1 % and from 97.4 to 97.8 %, respectively. The DNA-DNA hybridization value of strain CAIM 797(T) with the type strain of V. brasiliensis (CAIM 495(T)) was 47.5 %, with a reciprocal value of 44.7 %. The main phenotypic features of the strains were in agreement with the phylogenetic and genomic data. The results presented here support the description of a novel species, for which the name Vibrio sinaloensis sp. nov. is proposed, with strain CAIM 797(T) (=CECT 7298(T)) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gomez-Gil
- CIAD, A.C., Mazatlán Unit for Aquaculture, AP. 711 Mazatlán, Sinaloa 82000, Mexico.
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Leal N, da Silva S, Cavalcanti V, Figueiroa ÂDA, Nunes V, Miralles I, Hofer E. Vibrio parahaemolyticusserovar O3:K6 gastroenteritis in northeast Brazil. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:691-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03782.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nishioka T, Kamruzzaman M, Nishibuchi M, Satta Y. On the origin and function of an insertion element VPaI-1 specific to post-1995 pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains. Genes Genet Syst 2008; 83:101-10. [PMID: 18506094 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.83.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 1995, new virulent strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus have emerged and spread throughout the world. These "pandemic" strains have four strain specific genomic islands (GIs), which are considered to be potential factors of the pandemicity. We investigated the origin and function of 24 genes in the so-called VPaI-1, one of the four GIs, by searching homologs in various species in Bacteria and Archaea. Of these 24 genes, two are found only in Vibrio vulnificus CMCP6 and Shewanella sp. MR-7. The genomic segment (- 8 kb) encompassing the two genes shows the synteny among the three species. Since many of the Shewanella species can grow at 4 degrees C, these two genes may be candidates of adaptation to temperature stress. Further, we found a candidate for a swarming gene, which is reported as the V. cholerae virulence gene. Based on these findings, we hypothesized the emergence of pandemicity and discuss the mechanism for how these strains spread throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Nishioka
- Department of Biosystems Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Evaluation and validation of a PulseNet standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for subtyping Vibrio parahaemolyticus: an international multicenter collaborative study. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46:2766-73. [PMID: 18579720 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00424-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic spread of Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an international public health issue. Because of the outbreak potential of the organism, it is critical to establish an internationally recognized molecular subtyping protocol for V. parahaemolyticus that is both rapid and robust as a means to monitor its further spread and to guide control measures in combination with epidemiologic data. Here we describe the results of a multicenter, multicountry validation of a new PulseNet International standardized V. parahaemolyticus pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) protocol. The results are from a composite analysis of 36 well-characterized V. parahaemolyticus isolates from six participating laboratories, and the isolates represent predominant serotypes and various genotypes isolated from different geographic regions and time periods. The discriminatory power is very high, as 34 out of 36 sporadic V. parahaemolyticus strains tested fell into 34 distinguishable PFGE groups when the data obtained with two restriction enzymes (SfiI and NotI) were combined. PFGE was further able to cluster members of known pandemic serogroups. The study also identified quality measures which may affect the performance of the protocol. Nonadherence to the recommended procedure may lead to high background in the PFGE gel patterns, partial digestion, and poor fragment resolution. When these quality measures were implemented, the PulseNet V. parahaemolyticus protocol was found to be both robust and reproducible among the collaborating laboratories.
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