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Pires HM, Bastos LM, da Silva EF, Fonseca BB, Sommerfeld S, de Oliveira Junior RJ, Ribeiro LNDM. Antimicrobial Activity of Essential-Oil-Based Nanostructured Lipid Carriers against Campylobacter Spp. Isolated from Chicken Carcasses. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:922. [PMID: 39065619 PMCID: PMC11280039 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a virulent Gram-negative bacterial genus mainly found in the intestines of poultry. The indiscriminate use of traditional antibiotics has led to drug resistance in these pathogens, necessitating the development of more efficient and less toxic therapies. Despite their complex biologically active structures, the clinical applications of essential oils (EOs) remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to increase the bioavailability, stability, and biocompatibility and decrease the photodegradation and toxicity of EO using nanotechnology. The diffusion disk test revealed the potent anti-Campylobacter activity of cinnamon, lemongrass, clove, geranium, and oregano EOs (>50 mm). These were subsequently used to prepare nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). Formulations containing these EOs inhibited Campylobacter spp. growth at low concentrations (0.2 mg/mL). The particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of these systems were monitored, confirming its physicochemical stability for 210 days at 25 °C. FTIR-ATR and DSC analyses confirmed excellent miscibility among the excipients, and FE-SEM elucidated a spherical shape with well-delimited contours of nanoparticles. The best NLCs were tested regarding nanotoxicity in a chicken embryo model. These results indicate that the NLC-based geranium EO is the most promising and safe system for the control and treatment of multidrug-resistant strains of Campylobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Machado Pires
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, Brazil; (H.M.P.); (L.M.B.); (E.F.d.S.); (R.J.d.O.J.)
| | - Luciana Machado Bastos
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, Brazil; (H.M.P.); (L.M.B.); (E.F.d.S.); (R.J.d.O.J.)
| | - Elenice Francisco da Silva
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, Brazil; (H.M.P.); (L.M.B.); (E.F.d.S.); (R.J.d.O.J.)
| | - Belchiolina Beatriz Fonseca
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-982, Brazil; (B.B.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Simone Sommerfeld
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-982, Brazil; (B.B.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Robson José de Oliveira Junior
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, Brazil; (H.M.P.); (L.M.B.); (E.F.d.S.); (R.J.d.O.J.)
| | - Lígia Nunes de Morais Ribeiro
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, Brazil; (H.M.P.); (L.M.B.); (E.F.d.S.); (R.J.d.O.J.)
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Baek YJ, Song JE, Kim EJ, Choi H, Sohn Y, Jeon YD, Lee EH, Ahn JY, Jeong SJ, Ku NS, Choi JY, Yeom JS, Song YG, Kim JH. Trends, clinical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and outcomes of Campylobacter bacteraemia: a multicentre retrospective study. Infection 2024; 52:857-864. [PMID: 37910310 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of Campylobacter bacteraemia and identify the trends, risk factors for mortality, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from clinical samples. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included patients confirmed to have Campylobacter bacteraemia from seven hospitals between January 2010 and June 2021. Data on demographics and underlying history, clinical manifestation, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were collected and analyzed. Annual cases of Campylobacter enteritis were extracted from a public database. RESULTS A total of 108 patients were included, and five species were isolated. Campylobacter jejuni accounted for 54 (50.0%) cases and 17 (16%) patients had no symptoms other than fever. In-hospital mortality occurred in 14 (13.0%) patients. C. jejuni bacteraemia was associated with lower mortality compared to non-C. jejuni bacteraemia. Underlying cancer and septic shock were the significant factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Quinolone resistance was high (59%), whereas only 4% of isolates exhibited macrolide resistance. There has been a significant increase in the number of Campylobacter enteritis cases, which was strongly correlated with the number of Campylobacter bacteraemia cases (Pearson's coefficient: 0.953; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The notably increasing incidence of Campylobacter bacteraemia and antibiotic resistance patterns can challenge the treatment, necessitating collective efforts of national surveillance and networks by many departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yae Jee Baek
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Eun Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ajou University College of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heun Choi
- National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Duk Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Ahn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Jeong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Su Ku
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yong Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Sup Yeom
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Goo Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Oncel B, Hasdemir U, Aksu B, Pournaras S. Antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli: significant contribution of an RND type efflux pump in erythromycin resistance. J Chemother 2024; 36:110-118. [PMID: 37830134 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2267895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance status of Campylobacter spp. isolated from human infections in our region, including the role of mechanisms involved in erythromycin resistance. Standard methods were used for the isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of Campylobacter spp. isolates. Erythromycin-resistant mutants were selected from erythromycin-susceptible clinical isolates, and the erythromycin resistance mechanisms were investigated phenotypically by determining the erythromycin MICs of isolates in the presence and absence of the resistance nodulation cell division (RND) type efflux pump inhibitor, phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide dihydrochloride (PAβN), and genotypically by determining ribosomal and cmeABC alterations using PCR and DNA sequence analysis. Campylobacter spp., including 184 C. jejuni and 20 C. coli in a two-year period, were the most frequently isolated gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens in our region. However, in both C. jejuni and C. coli, resistance to tetracycline and ciprofloxacin were found to be high, erythromycin resistance was especially high (20%) in C. coli. With a ribosomal alteration, A2075G, which was found to be associated with high-level erythromycin resistance in clinical isolates, PAβN significantly reduced the erythromycin MICs in both clinical isolates and mutants. An important finding of this study, while considering cmeABC operon, is the explanation of why erythromycin resistance is more common among C. coli than C. jejuni, bearing in mind the specific deletions and alterations in the intergenic region of the operon in all erythromycin-resistant C. coli isolates. Ultimately, these findings revealed the significant role of RND-type efflux activity in increased erythromycin MICs of the isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Oncel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Hasdemir
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burak Aksu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Turkey
| | - Spyros Pournaras
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Huong LQ, Chisnall T, Rodgers JD, Cawthraw SA, Card RM. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and genomic characterisation of Campylobacter spp. in retail chicken in Hanoi, Vietnam. Microb Genom 2024; 10:001190. [PMID: 38294872 PMCID: PMC10868608 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are a leading cause of bacterial foodborne zoonosis worldwide, with poultry meat and products recognised as a significant source of human infection. In Vietnam there are few data regarding the occurrence, antimicrobial resistance, and genomic diversity of Campylobacter in poultry and poultry meat. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter in chicken meat at retail in Hanoi, determine antimicrobial sensitivities of the Campylobacter isolated, and assess their genetic diversity. A total of 120 chicken meat samples were collected from eight traditional retail markets (n=80) and four supermarkets (n=40). Campylobacter was isolated following ISO 10272-1 : 2017 and identification verified by PCR. The prevalence of Campylobacter was 38.3 % (46/120) and C. coli was the most prevalent species in both retail markets (74 %) and supermarkets (88 %). The minimum inhibitory concentrations for ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, and tetracycline were determined by broth microdilution for 32 isolates. All characterised Campylobacter were resistant to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline, with corresponding resistance determinants detected in the sequenced genomes. Most C. coli were multidrug resistant (24/28) and two harboured the erythromycin resistance gene ermB on a multiple drug-resistance genomic island, a potential mechanism for dissemination of resistance. The 32 isolates belonged to clonal complexes associated with both poultry and people, such as CC828 for C. coli. These results contribute to the One Health approach for addressing Campylobacter in Vietnam by providing detailed new insights into a main source of human infection and can inform the design of future surveillance approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luu Quynh Huong
- National Institute of Veterinary Research (NIVR), 86 Truong Chinh Road, Dong Da district, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thomas Chisnall
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, UK
| | - John D. Rodgers
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, UK
| | - Shaun A. Cawthraw
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, UK
| | - Roderick M. Card
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, UK
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Hizlisoy H, Sagiroglu P, Barel M, Dishan A, Gungor C, Koskeroglu K, Hizlisoy S, Atalay MA. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in human stool samples: antibiotic resistance profiles, putative virulence determinants and molecular characterization of the isolates. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:353. [PMID: 37874390 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacters, especially C. jejuni and C. coli, have become one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis in humans worldwide in recent years. We aimed to investigate the presence, antimicrobial resistance, putative virulence genes, and molecular characterization of C. jejuni and C. coli recovered from human acute gastroenteritis cases in the study. In the study, suspected Campylobacter spp. isolates were obtained in 43 (5%) feces samples collected from a total of 850 patients who applied to the Erciyes University Medical Faculty acute clinic between March 2019 and February 2020. As a result of the phenotypic tests, these isolates were determined to be Campylobacter spp. According to the multiplex PCR, 33 of 43 Campylobacter spp. isolates were identified as C. jejuni (76%) and ten isolates were as C. coli (24%). In the disc diffusion test, the highest resistance rate was found in the trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (90.1%) and ciprofloxacin (90.1%), and the lowest rate was found in the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (9.3%). In Campylobacter spp. isolates, the virulence genes cdtA, virB11, cdtB, cadF, iam, ceu, and flaA were found to be positive at rates of 26 (60%), 28 (65.6%), 13 (30%), 4 (9%), 27 (62%), 17 (39%), and 7 (16%), respectively. However, the cdtC gene was not detected in any of the isolates. The study searched tetO gene to examine the genetic aspect of tetracycline resistance, which was found in all Campylobacter spp. isolates. In the PCR reactions to investigate A2074C and A2075G mutations of macrolide resistance, it was determined as 7 (16%) and 21 (48%) of the isolates. To detect quinolone resistance, the rates of quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) were 20 (45.4%) and the gyrA gene mutations in the mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR (MAMA-PCR), were 19 (43.1%) of isolates. In addition, the quinolone resistance gene (qnr) carried by plasmid in Campylobacter isolates was not found in the study. BlaOXA-61 and CmeB (multi-drug efflux pump) genes were detected as 28 (63.6%) and 30 (68.1), respectively. The Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) used for typing the isolates revealed that the band profiles obtained from the isolates were different. In conclusion, this was a very comprehensive study revealing the presence of antibiotic-resistant C. jejuni and C. coli with various virulence genes in patients admitted to a university hospital with acute gastroenteritis. This is of utmost significance for public health. Since campylobacteria are foodborne, zoonotic pathogens and transmission occurs mostly through food. People should have detailed information about the transmission routes of campylobacteria and risky foods. In addition, staff, food processors and caterers, should be trained in hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Hizlisoy
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Pinar Sagiroglu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mukaddes Barel
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Adalet Dishan
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Sorgun, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Candan Gungor
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kursat Koskeroglu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Serhat Hizlisoy
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kayseri University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Altay Atalay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Osek J, Wieczorek K. Porcine carcasses as an underestimated source of antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter coli. J Vet Res 2023; 67:389-395. [PMID: 37786840 PMCID: PMC10541655 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Campylobacteriosis is the most common human foodborne bacterial infection worldwide and is caused by bacteria of the Camplylobacter genus. The main source of these bacteria is poultry, but other food-producing animals such as pigs are also responsible for human infections. An increasing number of strains with resistance to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials such as macrolides were recently noted. The aim of the study was to investigate Campylobacter contamination of porcine carcasses and determine the antimicrobial resistance of the obtained isolates. Material and Methods A total of 534 swabs from carcasses of pigs slaughtered in Poland during 2019-2022 were tested for Campylobacter spp. Results Campylobacter was detected in 164 (30.7%) carcasses; among them 149 (90.8%) were classified as C. coli and the remaining 15 (9.2%) samples were C. jejuni-positive. Because a low number of C. jejuni isolates were identified, only the C. coli isolates were subjected to antimicrobial resistance analysis. The majority of these isolates were resistant to streptomycin (94.0%), ciprofloxacin (65.8%) and tetracycline (65.1%). A total of 94 (63.1%) strains displayed antimicrobial multiresistance patterns and were mainly resistant to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and tetracyclines (74; 49.7% of the isolates tested). Conclusion The obtained results showed that pig carcasses may be contaminated with antimicrobial-resistant C. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Osek
- Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100Puławy, Poland
| | - Kinga Wieczorek
- Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100Puławy, Poland
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Nunes A, Oleastro M, Alves F, Liassine N, Lowe DM, Benejat L, Ducounau A, Jehanne Q, Borges V, Gomes JP, Godbole G, Philippe L. Recurrent Campylobacter jejuni Infections with In Vivo Selection of Resistance to Macrolides and Carbapenems: Molecular Characterization of Resistance Determinants. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0107023. [PMID: 37358443 PMCID: PMC10434052 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01070-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We present two independent cases of recurrent multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni infection in immunocompromised hosts and the clinical challenges encountered due to the development of high-level carbapenem resistance. The mechanisms associated with this unusual resistance for Campylobacters were characterized. Initial macrolide and carbapenem-susceptible strains acquired resistance to erythromycin (MIC > 256mg/L), ertapenem (MIC > 32mg/L), and meropenem (MIC > 32mg/L) during treatment. Carbapenem-resistant isolates developed an in-frame insertion resulting in an extra Asp residue in the major outer membrane protein PorA, within the extracellular loop L3 that connects β-strands 5 and 6 and forms a constriction zone involved in Ca2+ binding. The isolates presenting the highest MIC to ertapenem exhibited an extra nonsynonymous mutation (G167A|Gly56Asp) at PorA's extracellular loop L1. IMPORTANCE Carbapenem susceptibility patterns suggest drug impermeability, related to either insertion and/or single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within porA. Similar molecular events occurring in two independent cases support the association of these mechanisms with carbapenem resistance in Campylobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Nunes
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mónica Oleastro
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Alves
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Lucie Benejat
- French National Reference Centre for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Bordeaux Hospital University Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Astrid Ducounau
- French National Reference Centre for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Bordeaux Hospital University Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Quentin Jehanne
- French National Reference Centre for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Bordeaux Hospital University Centre, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vítor Borges
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Gomes
- Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Lehours Philippe
- French National Reference Centre for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Bordeaux Hospital University Centre, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Institute of Oncology, Bordeaux, France
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Khan K, Jalal K, Alam Y, Alotaibi G, Al Mouslem A, Uddin R, Hassan SS, Basharat Z. An integrated computational approach to infer therapeutic targets from Campylobacter concisus and peptidomimetic based inhibition of its pyrimidine metabolism pathway. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13127-13137. [PMID: 37000926 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2191148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter concisus is a commensal of the human oral flora that has been allied with persistent diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In children under the age of two, Campylobacter infections are common in the developing countries and have frequently been associated with mortality. They are becoming a prevalent cause of bacterial diarrhea in early adulthood in developed countries as well. The need for identifying new therapeutic targets and drugs is crucial for curbing such infections. Therefore, we identified 18 cytoplasmic potential therapeutic candidates against the type strain of C. concisus and deoxycytidine triphosphate deaminase (dCTP deaminase), involved in pyrimidine synthesis was selected for screening of peptidomimetic inhibitors (n > 30,000 peptidomimetics) against it. To the best of our knowledge, this target has not been studied for Campylobacter spp. Three potent inhibitors of this enzyme were prioritized i.e. peptidomimetic 27, 64, and 150. Dynamics simulation of 100 ns was carried out to validate findings for top-scored inhibitors along with physiology-based pharmacokinetics to estimate behavior in human body and predict dosing parameters. This verification demonstrates a first-in-human pharmacokinetic simulation for these peptidomimetics and can help enhance confidence in these peptide-like structures. Moiety 27 (IUPAC name: 5-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl]-N-{[2-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-oxo-1H,2H,3H,4H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl]methyl}furan-2-carboxamide), 64 (IUPAC name: 3-(2-methylpropyl)-1-{3-[5-(5-oxo-1-phenylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}urea), and 150 (IUPAC name: N-(3-methoxypropyl)-1-[6-(4-methylphenyl)-4H,6H,7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,3-c][1,4]oxazine-3-carbonyl]piperidine-4-carboxamide) were identified as potent inhibitors of C. concisus.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Jalal
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological Science, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Alam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Anning Lanzhou, China
| | - Ghallab Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Al Mouslem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reaz Uddin
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shah Hassan
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zarrin Basharat
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Morita D, Arai H, Isobe J, Maenishi E, Kumagai T, Maruyama F, Kuroda T. Whole-Genome and Plasmid Comparative Analysis of Campylobacter jejuni from Human Patients in Toyama, Japan, from 2015 to 2019. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0265922. [PMID: 36622198 PMCID: PMC9927224 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02659-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major causative agent of food poisoning, and increasing antimicrobial resistance is a concern. This study investigated 116 clinical isolates of C. jejuni from Toyama, Japan, which were isolated from 2015 to 2019. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing were used for phenotypic and genotypic characterization to compare antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles and phylogenic linkage. The multilocus sequence typing approach identified 37 sequence types (STs) and 15 clonal complexes (CCs), including 7 novel STs, and the high frequency CCs were CC21 (27.7%), CC48 (10.9%), and CC354 (9.9%). The AMR profiles and related resistant factors were as follows: fluoroquinolones (51.7%), mutation in quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDRs) (GyrA T86I); tetracyclines (27.6%), acquisition of tet(O); ampicillin (7.8%), harboring blaOXA184 or a promoter mutation in blaOXA193; aminoglycosides (1.7%), acquisition of ant(6)-Ia and aph(3')-III; chloramphenicol (0.9%), acquisition of cat. The acquired resistance genes tet(O), ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-III, and cat were located on pTet family plasmids. Furthermore, three pTet family plasmids formed larger plasmids that incorporated additional genes such as the type IV secretion system. Sequence type 4526 (ST4526; 10.9%), which is reported only in Japan, was the most predominant, suggesting continued prevalence. This study reveals the sequences of the pTet family plasmids harbored by C. jejuni in Japan, which had been unclear, and the acquisition of the insertion sequences in a part of the pTet family plasmids. Because pTet family plasmids can be horizontally transmitted and are a major factor in acquired resistance in Campylobacter, the risk of spreading pTet that has acquired further resistance should be considered. IMPORTANCE Campylobacter jejuni is among the major causes of enteritis and diarrhea in humans in many countries. Drug-resistant Campylobacter is increasing in both developing and developed countries, and in particular, fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter was one of the species included on the priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Campylobacter drug resistance surveillance is important and has been conducted worldwide. In this study, we performed whole-genome analysis of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from diarrhea patients at a hospital in Toyama, Japan. This revealed the continued prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni ST4526, which has been reported to be prevalent in Japan, and the acquisition of resistance and virulence factors in the pTet family plasmids. The diversity of pTet family plasmids, the major resistance transmission factor, is expected to potentially increase the risk of Campylobacter. The usefulness of whole-genome sequencing in Campylobacter surveillance was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Morita
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Arai
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | | | - Takanori Kumagai
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Fumito Maruyama
- Section of Microbial Genomics and Ecology, The IDEC Institute, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Teruo Kuroda
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC ENTEROPATHOGEN PRESENCE IN CAPTIVE CHEETAHS ( ACINONYX JUBATUS) FED VARIOUS DIETS USING FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION. J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 53:744-754. [PMID: 36640076 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic enteropathies pose an important difficulty in the captive management of cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) because of suspected multifactorial pathogenesis and the complex nature of enteric microbiota dynamics. Enterobacteriaceae, Campylobacter spp., Clostridium perfringens, Helicobacter spp., and Salmonella spp. are enteropathogens of interest because of their zoonotic potential and suspected contribution to enteropathies. This study aimed to determine the presence of these enteropathogens of interest in fecal samples from cheetahs (N = 48) fed different diets from three different institutions and to investigate the associations between diet, fecal score, and specific enteropathogen presence. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes were used to visualize and quantify putative enteropathogens in each sample concurrent with selective culturing for Salmonella and Clostridium perfringens. From FISH counts, carcass-fed animals had greater numbers of Enterobacteriaceae compared with animals fed low-fat dog food, although this trend was not statistically significant (P = 0.088). Furthermore, no significant associations were found between fecal score and bacterial load. Abundance of Campylobacter spp., Clostridium perfringens, or Helicobacter spp. as measured by FISH were not correlated with diet or fecal score. On the basis of these data, in agreement with published literature, it is concluded that these microbes may be commensals in the cheetah gastrointestinal tract and do not appear to be a primary cause of abnormal fecal scores.
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11
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Wysok B, Wojtacka J, Wiszniewska-Łaszczych A, Sołtysiuk M, Kobuszewska A. The Enterotoxin Production and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter Strains Originating from Slaughter Animals. Pathogens 2022; 11:1131. [PMID: 36297191 PMCID: PMC9612029 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity of animal-origin Campylobacter strains, including antimicrobial resistance and enterotoxigenicity, was determined in this study. Overall, 149 Campylobacter isolates originating from cattle, swine and poultry were tested. The antimicrobial resistance profiles were examined by the diffusion disk method. The dominant resistance pattern was CIP_TET. The resistance rates for ciprofloxacin among swine, cattle and poultry isolates were 84%, 51% and 66%, respectively; for tetracycline, they were 82%, 57.1% and 76%, respectively. None of the obtained isolates was resistant to all four antimicrobials tested. The ability to produce enterotoxins was assessed by the use of a suckling mouse bioassay, with intestinal fluid accumulation as a positive result, and by CHO assay, with the elongation of cells as a positive result. The ability to produce enterotoxins was significantly higher among cattle isolates (61.2% and 71.4% positive isolates, respectively, in the bioassay and the CHO assay) than among swine (16% and 32% positive isolates, respectively) or poultry isolates (14% and 22% positive isolates, respectively). A strong positive correlation between in vitro and in vivo enterotoxicity tests was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Wojtacka
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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12
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Šoprek S, Duvnjak S, Kompes G, Jurinović L, Tambić Andrašević A. Resistome Analysis of Campylobacter jejuni Strains Isolated from Human Stool and Primary Sterile Samples in Croatia. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1410. [PMID: 35889129 PMCID: PMC9322926 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis represents a global health challenge due to continuously increasing trends of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni. C. jejuni can sometimes cause life-threatening and severe systematic infections (bacteremia, meningitis, and other extraintestinal infections) with very few antibiotics left as treatment options. Bearing in mind that C. jejuni is the predominant species in humans, in this paper, we present a study of the C. jejuni differences in antimicrobial resistance and genotype distribution between strains isolated from stool and primary sterile sites. We compared the genomic data obtained through whole genome sequencing (WGS) and phenotypic susceptibility data of C. jejuni strains. Once antimicrobial susceptibility testing of C. jejuni strains was carried out by the broth microdilution method for six of interest, results were compared to the identified genotypic determinants derived from WGS. The high rate of resistance to fluoroquinolones presented in this study is in accordance with national surveillance data. The proportion of strains with acquired resistance was 71% for ciprofloxacin and 20% for tetracycline. When invasive isolates were analysed separately, 40% exhibited MIC values of ciprofloxacin higher than the ECOFFs, suggesting a lower flouroquinolone resistance rate in invasive isolates. All isolates demonstrated wilde-type phenotype for chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, and ertapenem. A special focus and review in this study was performed on a group of C.jejuni strains found in primary sterile samples. Apart from demonstrating a lower resistance rate, these isolates seem genetically more uniform, showing epidemiologically more homogenous patterns, which cluster to several clonal complexes, with CC49 being the most represented clonal complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvija Šoprek
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljević", 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Duvnjak
- Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Kompes
- Laboratory for General Bacteriology and Mycology, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Jurinović
- Laboratory for Bacteriology, Poultry Centre, Croatian Veterinary Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Arjana Tambić Andrašević
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases "Dr. Fran Mihaljević", 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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13
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Molecular Cut-off Values for Aliarcobacter butzleri Susceptibility Testing. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0100322. [PMID: 35862990 PMCID: PMC9430808 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01003-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aliarcobacter butzleri is an emerging gastrointestinal pathogen found in many countries worldwide. In France, it has become the third most commonly isolated bacterial species from the stools of patients with intestinal infections. No interpretative criteria for antimicrobial susceptibility testing have been proposed for A. butzleri, and most strains are categorized using the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute or the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Campylobacter or Enterobacterales. In the present study, the genomes of 30 resistant A. butzleri isolates were analyzed to propose specific epidemiological cut-off values for ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. The identification of a β-lactamase and the T85I GyrA mutation associated with ampicillin and ciprofloxacin resistance, respectively, allowed us to adjust the disk diffusion (DD) and MIC cut-off values for these molecules. However, epidemiological cut-off values for erythromycin and tetracycline could not be estimated due to the absence of known resistance mechanisms. The present study paves the way for building a consensus for antimicrobial susceptibility testing for this concerning pathogen. IMPORTANCEAliarcobacter butzleri is an emerging and concerning intestinal pathogen. Very few studies have focused on this particular species, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is based on methods that have been mostly developed for Campylobacter spp. In fact, no disk diffusion and E-tests adapted cut-offs for A. butzleri are available which leads to misinterpretations. We have shown here that NGS approach to identify genes and mutations in close relation to phenotypic resistance levels is a robust way to solve that issue and precisely differentiate WT and NWT A. butzleri isolates for frequently used antimicrobials. MIC and DD cut-off values have been significantly adjusted and answer the need for a global consensus regarding AST for A. butzleri.
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Antibiotic Resistance in Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Broiler Chicken Meat and Human Patients in Estonia. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10051067. [PMID: 35630509 PMCID: PMC9147927 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry meat is considered the most important source of Campylobacter spp. Because of rising antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp., this study investigated the antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolates from fresh broiler chicken meat originating from the Baltic countries sold in Estonian retail settings. Additionally, human clinical isolates obtained from patients with Campylobacter enteritis in Estonia were analysed. The aim of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin and gentamicin. The broth microdilution method with the EUCAMP2 panel was used for MIC determination and antimicrobial mechanisms were analysed using WGS data. A total of 46 Campylobacter strains were analysed, of which 26 (42.6%) originated from Lithuanian, 16 (26.2%) from Latvian, and 4 (6.6%) from Estonian fresh broiler chicken meat. In addition, 15 (24.6%) Campylobacter strains of patients with campylobacteriosis were tested. The antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter spp. isolated from fresh broiler chicken meat samples of Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian origin collected in Estonian retail, and from patients with Campylobacter enteric infections, were determined. A total of 46 (75%) of the isolates tested were C. jejuni and 15 (25%) were C. coli. Campylobacter resistance was highest to nalidixic acid (90.2% of strains) and ciprofloxacin (90.2%), followed by tetracycline (57.4%), streptomycin (42.6%) and erythromycin (6.6%). All strains were sensitive to gentamicin. Additionally, antimicrobial resistance genes and point mutations were detected in 27 C. jejuni and 8 C. coli isolates previously assigned as resistant with the phenotypic method. A high antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter spp. in Lithuanian- and Latvian-origin broiler chicken meat and Estonian clinical isolates was found. Similar antibiotic resistance patterns were found for broiler chicken meat and human Campylobacter isolates.
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15
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Hyper-aerotolerant Campylobacter coli, an emerging foodborne pathogen, shows differential expressions of oxidative stress-related genes. Vet Microbiol 2021; 264:109308. [PMID: 34922150 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although Campylobacter, an obligate microaerophilic foodborne pathogen, is susceptible to oxygen, aerotolerant/hyper-aerotolerant (HAT) Campylobacter can survive under aerobic conditions. Here, we aimed to reveal what affects the enhanced aerotolerance in HAT Campylobacter coli at genome and gene expression levels. We compared the whole genomes between HAT and oxygen-sensitive (OS) C. coli isolates from swine and analyzed the relative expressions of oxidative stress-related (sodB, ahpC, katA, and trxB) and iron transport/uptake-related (cfbpA, ceuE, feuB, and feoB) genes. The comparative genomics showed no relation between the clustering of the strains and aerotolerance levels. The reactive oxygen species-related factors involved in respiration, stress response, and iron acquisition/uptake were similar among the strains, regardless of their aerotolerance levels. However, the expressions of the oxidative stress-related genes under aerobic conditions compared to that of microaerobic conditions increased in the HAT strains, while decreased in the OS strains. Our findings suggest that what influences differences in aerotolerance between HAT and OS C. coli may be due to the differential expressions of oxidative stress-related genes despite the similarities in genomic structure. This study provides insights into the genetic basis of aerotolerance in C. coli. Therefore, it could assist in managing HAT C. coli that has the potential to be easily transmitted to humans through the food chain.
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16
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Linn KZ, Furuta M, Nakayama M, Masuda Y, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from chicken and pork. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 360:109440. [PMID: 34673329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile were investigated in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in chicken and pork in Fukuoka, Japan in 2019. Their AMR profiles were compared with those of C. jejuni and C. coli strains isolated in 2013. A total of 53 chicken and 14 pork samples were collected from different supermarkets in Fukuoka in 2019. Campylobacter spp. were isolated by conventional method and characterized by PCR and MALDI-TOF MS. Among 53 chicken samples tested in 2019, 24.5% and 5.7% were positive for C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively, and three (21.4%) of 14 pork samples were positive for C. coli, but not C. jejuni. From the positive samples, 13 and six strains of C. jejuni and C. coli were isolated, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility test against 12 different antimicrobials were performed on 48 isolates (43 C. jejuni and five C. coli) from chicken in 2013 and 19 isolates (13 C. jejuni from chicken, three C. coli from chicken and three C. coli from pork) in 2019 using the disk diffusion method. All the C. jejuni and C. coli isolated in 2013 and 2019 were highly resistant to cefazolin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. Among the C. jejuni isolates from chickens, 25.6% of 2013 isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin, and 7% to ampicillin and minocycline, while 30.8% of the isolates were resistant to minocycline, 23.1% to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin, and 15.4% to ampicillin in 2019. Among the C. coli isolates, 80% of isolates from chickens in 2013, and 33.3% from chicken and 100% from pork in 2019 were resistant to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. The frequency of multi-drug resistant (MDR) C. jejuni and C. coli strains from chickens in 2019 were 30.8% and 33.3%, respectively, which were lower than those isolated in 2013 (37.2% and 100%, respectively). One C. jejuni and two C. coli isolates from 2013 were resistant to six antibiotics. However, two C. jejuni and one C. coli isolate from chickens in 2019 were resistant to seven and five antibiotics, respectively. All the C. coli isolates from pork in 2019 were resistant to five antibiotics. The high frequency of AMR strains in C. coli isolates from pork suggests that appropriate use of antimicrobials is required in swine husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Zar Linn
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Munenori Furuta
- Department of Food Management, Nakamura Gakuen University Junior College, 5-7-1, Befu, Jounan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan
| | - Motokazu Nakayama
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Life Science, Kyushu Sangyo University, 2-3-1, Matsukadai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 813-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Masuda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Honjoh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Guernier-Cambert V, Trachsel J, Maki J, Qi J, Sylte MJ, Hanafy Z, Kathariou S, Looft T. Natural Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Campylobacter spp. From Turkeys and Swine. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:732969. [PMID: 34646252 PMCID: PMC8504540 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.732969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter constitutes a serious threat to public health. The clonal expansion of resistant strains and/or the horizontal spread of resistance genes to other strains and species can hinder the clinical effectiveness of antibiotics to treat severe campylobacteriosis. Still, gaps exist in our understanding of the risks of acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter. While the in vitro transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes between Campylobacter species via natural transformation has been extensively demonstrated, experimental studies have favored the use of naked DNA to obtain transformants. In this study, we used experimental designs closer to real-world conditions to evaluate the possible transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes between Campylobacter strains of the same or different species (Campylobacter coli or Campylobacter jejuni) and originating from different animal hosts (swine or turkeys). This was evaluated in vitro through co-culture experiments and in vivo with dual-strain inoculation of turkeys, followed by whole genome sequencing of parental and newly emerged strains. In vitro, we observed four independent horizontal gene transfer events leading to the acquisition of resistance to beta-lactams (blaOXA), aminoglycosides [aph(2′′)-If and rpsL] and tetracycline [tet(O)]. Observed events involved the displacement of resistance-associated genes by a mutated version, or the acquisition of genomic islands harboring a resistance determinant by homologous recombination; we did not detect the transfer of resistance-carrying plasmids even though they were present in some strains. In vivo, we recovered a newly emerged strain with dual-resistance pattern and identified the replacement of an existing non-functional tet(O) by a functional tet(O) in the recipient strain. Whole genome comparisons allowed characterization of the events involved in the horizontal spread of resistance genes between Campylobacter following in vitro co-culture and in vivo dual inoculation. Our study also highlights the potential for antimicrobial resistance transfer across Campylobacter species originating from turkeys and swine, which may have implications for farms hosting both species in close proximity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanina Guernier-Cambert
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Ames, IA, United States.,Agricultural Research Service Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Julian Trachsel
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Joel Maki
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Ames, IA, United States.,Agricultural Research Service Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States.,Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jing Qi
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Matthew J Sylte
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Zahra Hanafy
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Sophia Kathariou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Torey Looft
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Ames, IA, United States
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Zhang X, Zhou Q, Tang M, Pu J, Zhang J, Lu J, Zhang Y, Gao Y. Aminoglycoside Resistance and Possible Mechanisms in Campylobacter Spp. Isolated From Chicken and Swine in Jiangsu, China. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:716185. [PMID: 34690960 PMCID: PMC8531746 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.716185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a major food-borne pathogen in humans, and previous studies reported a high prevalence of gentamicin-resistant Campylobacter isolates from food-producing animals in China. This study aimed to investigate the aminoglycoside resistance of Campylobacter isolated from chicken and swine in Jiangsu province, China and understand the possible mechanisms responsible for aminoglycoside resistance. One hundred and eighty-five Campylobacter isolates of chicken and swine origins in 2017 and 2018 were analyzed for gentamicin and kanamycin resistance. Some aminoglycoside resistance genes were selected for PCR detection in all strains. The genomic DNAs of two strains with high resistance to gentamicin were used as donors to subject C. jejuni NCTC11168 to natural transformation. The transformants were investigated by whole-genome sequencing and analyzed comparatively with C. jejuni NCTC11168. In total, 30.5% (29/95) of C. jejuni isolates and 42.2% (38/90) of C. coli isolates were resistant to gentamicin and kanamycin. The prevalence of the aph(2")-If gene and aac(6')-Ie/aph(2")-Ia gene was 65.4% (121/185) and 36.2% (67/185) in Campylobacter isolates, respectively. The aadE-sat4-aphA-3 cluster was identified in 8.7% (8/92) and 20.4% (19/93) of all Campylobacter isolates in each year. With each donor DNA, aminoglycoside-resistant transformants were obtained. The transformants showed ≥128-fold increases in the MICs of gentamicin, kanamycin, and tobramycin. A 5200-bp segment was found to be inserted between the highly conserved genes Cj0299 and panB of Campylobacter. A total of 9.7% (18/185) strains showing high resistance to aminoglycosides had this segment by PCR detection. The genetic diversity of the insertion-fragment positive strains was determined by MLST, and seven sequence types were identified for these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Supervision, Inspection & Testing Centre for Poultry Quality (Yangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Supervision, Inspection & Testing Centre for Poultry Quality (Yangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mengjun Tang
- Supervision, Inspection & Testing Centre for Poultry Quality (Yangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junhua Pu
- Supervision, Inspection & Testing Centre for Poultry Quality (Yangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Supervision, Inspection & Testing Centre for Poultry Quality (Yangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junxian Lu
- Supervision, Inspection & Testing Centre for Poultry Quality (Yangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yunzeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yushi Gao
- Supervision, Inspection & Testing Centre for Poultry Quality (Yangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou, China
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Guk JH, Song H, Yi S, An JU, Lee S, Kim WH, Cho S. Hyper-Aerotolerant Campylobacter coli From Swine May Pose a Potential Threat to Public Health Based on Its Quinolone Resistance, Virulence Potential, and Genetic Relatedness. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:703993. [PMID: 34381431 PMCID: PMC8352582 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.703993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter, a major foodborne pathogen, is susceptible to oxygen. Recently, aerotolerant Campylobacter with enhanced tolerance to aerobic stress has become a major concern in food safety. However, the aerotolerance of Campylobacter coli from pigs has not been studied extensively. Here, we sought to investigate the prevalence of C. coli across multiple swine groups in farms, including weaning, growing, and fattening pigs in production stages and pregnant sows. Additionally, we analyzed C. coli aerotolerance, quinolone resistance, virulence potential, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) genotypes. Finally, we compared the characteristics of C. coli according to the aerotolerance levels. In total, we obtained 124 (66.3%) C. coli isolates from 187 swine fecal samples across six swine farms. The pathogen was prevalent in weaning (45.5%), growing (68.3%), and fattening (75.4%) pigs, and pregnant sows (66.7%). Hyper-aerotolerant HAT C. coli (13.7% of 124 isolates) was present in all swine groups, with the highest proportion in the pregnant sows (27.3%). All HAT isolates possessed diverse virulence-related genes such as flaA, cadF, pldA, ceuE, and cdtA. All C. coli isolates were resistant to quinolones, and 12 (10%) presented high-level ciprofloxacin resistance (MIC ≥ 32 μg/mL). The proportion of C. coli isolates with a high-level ciprofloxacin resistance was the highest in HAT C. coli (18.8%). Furthermore, six MLST sequence types (STs) (ST827, ST830, ST854, ST1016, ST1068, and ST1096) of swine-derived C. coli were in common with human-derived C. coli (PubMLST). The proportion of C. coli belonging to such shared STs at each aerotolerance level was the highest in HAT C. coli (HAT vs. oxygen-sensitive; OR = 3.13). In conclusion, quinolone resistance of C. coli may be distributed throughout in all swine groups in farms. HAT C. coli is likely to remain in pig farms and re-infect other pigs in the farms. Furthermore, swine-derived HAT C. coli could be transmitted to humans easily through the food chain owing to its aerotolerance, and it could pose a threat to public health owing to its high-level ciprofloxacin resistance and virulence. This study highlights the need to develop management practices that prevent the transmission of swine-derived HAT C. coli to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Guk
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyokeun Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Saehah Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Uk An
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soomin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-Hyun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongbeom Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Van Puyvelde L, Aissa A, Panda SK, De Borggraeve WM, Mukazayire MJ, Luyten W. Bioassay-guided isolation of antibacterial compounds from the leaves of Tetradenia riparia with potential bactericidal effects on food-borne pathogens. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113956. [PMID: 33636319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tetradenia riparia (commonly known as ginger bush) is frequently used in traditional African medicine to treat foodborne infections including diarrhoea, gastroenteritis, and stomach ache. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aims to identify in Tetradenia riparia the compounds active against foodborne pathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried Tetradenia riparia leaf powder was consecutively extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water. The hexane extract was counter-extracted with methanol:water (9:1), and after evaporation of the methanol, this phase was extracted with dichloromethane. The water extract was counter-extracted with butanol. All these fractions were tested against a panel of foodborne bacterial pathogens. A bioassay-guided purification was performed to isolate antimicrobial compounds using Staphylococcus aureus as a target organism. Further, antibiofilm activity was evaluated on S. aureus USA 300. RESULTS The dichloromethane fraction and ethyl acetate extract were the most potent, and therefore subjected to silica gel chromatography. From the dichloromethane fraction, one active compound was crystalized and identified using NMR as 8(14),15-sandaracopimaradiene-7alpha, 18-diol (compound 1). Two active compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract: deacetylumuravumbolide (compound 2) and umuravumbolide (compound 3). Using a microdilution method, their antimicrobial activity was tested against eight foodborne bacterial pathogens: Shigella sonnei, S. flexneri, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, S. aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Listeria innocua. Compound 1 had the strongest activity (IC50 ranging from 11.2 to 212.5 μg/mL), and compounds 2 and 3 showed moderate activity (IC50 from 212.9 to 637.7 μg/mL and from 176.1 to 521.4 μg/mL, respectively). Interestingly, 8(14),15-sandaracopimaradiene-7alpha, 18-diol is bactericidal, and also showed good antibiofilm activity with BIC50 (8.8 ± 1.5 μg/mL) slightly lower than for planktonic cells (11.4 ± 2.8 μg/mL). CONCLUSIONS These results support the traditional use of this plant to conserve foodstuffs and to treat gastrointestinal ailments, and open perspectives for its use in the prevention and treatment of foodborne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Van Puyvelde
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2465, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abdallah Aissa
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2465, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-chimiques (CRAPC), BP384, Bou-Ismail, RP 42004, Tipaza, Algeria; Laboratoire Ethnobotanique et Substances Naturelles (ESN) Département des Sciences Naturelles, ENS Kouba, Alger, Algeria
| | - Sujogya Kumar Panda
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2465, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Center of Environment, Climate Change and Public Health, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, 751004, Odisha, India.
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie Jeanne Mukazayire
- College of Medicine and Health Science, School of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Walter Luyten
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, Box 2465, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Lee L, Samardzic K, Wallach M, Frumkin LR, Mochly-Rosen D. Immunoglobulin Y for Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications in Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696003. [PMID: 34177963 PMCID: PMC8220206 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiviral, antibacterial, and antiparasitic drugs and vaccines are essential to maintaining the health of humans and animals. Yet, their production can be slow and expensive, and efficacy lost once pathogens mount resistance. Chicken immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is a highly conserved homolog of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) that has shown benefits and a favorable safety profile, primarily in animal models of human infectious diseases. IgY is fast-acting, easy to produce, and low cost. IgY antibodies can readily be generated in large quantities with minimal environmental harm or infrastructure investment by using egg-laying hens. We summarize a variety of IgY uses, focusing on their potential for the detection, prevention, and treatment of human and animal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Lee
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kate Samardzic
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michael Wallach
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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22
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Jin X, He Y, Zhou Y, Chen X, Lee YK, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Wang G. Lactic acid bacteria that activate immune gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans can antagonise Campylobacter jejuni infection in nematodes, chickens and mice. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:169. [PMID: 34090326 PMCID: PMC8180125 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni is the major micro-bacillary pathogen responsible for human coloenteritis. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been shown to protect against Campylobacter infection. However, LAB with a good ability to inhibit the growth of C. jejuni in vitro are less effective in animals and animal models, and have the disadvantages of high cost, a long cycle, cumbersome operation and insignificant immune response indicators. Caenorhabditis elegans is increasingly used to screen probiotics for their anti-pathogenic properties. However, no research on the use of C. elegans to screen for probiotic candidates antagonistic to C. jejuni has been conducted to date. RESULTS This study established a lifespan model of C. elegans, enabling the preselection of LAB to counter C. jejuni infection. A potential protective mechanism of LAB was identified. Some distinct LAB species offered a high level of protection to C. elegans against C. jejuni. The LAB strains with a high protection rate reduced the load of C. jejuni in C. elegans. The transcription of antibacterial peptide genes, MAPK and Daf-16 signalling pathway-related genes was elevated using the LAB isolates with a high protection rate. The reliability of the lifespan model of C. elegans was verified using mice and chickens infected with C. jejuni. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that different LAB had different abilities to protect C. elegans against C. jejuni. C. elegans provides a reliable model for researchers to screen for LAB that are antagonistic to C. jejuni on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, 214064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China.
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, P. R. China.
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Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Macrolide Resistance Mechanisms of Campylobacter coli Isolated from Pigs and Chickens. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051077. [PMID: 34067855 PMCID: PMC8156767 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified 1218 Campylobacter coli isolates from fecal and carcass samples of pigs (n = 643) and chickens (n = 575) between 2010 and 2018. About 99% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. The isolates exhibited high resistance rates (>75%) to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline. Azithromycin and erythromycin resistance rates were the highest in isolates from pigs (39.7% and 39.2%, respectively) compared to those of chickens (15.8% and 16.3%, respectively). Additionally, a low-to-moderate proportion of the isolates were resistant to florfenicol, gentamicin, clindamycin, and telithromycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was found in 83.1% of the isolates, and profiles of MDR usually included ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline. We found point mutation (A2075G) in domain V of the 23S rRNA gene in the majority of erythromycin-resistant isolates. Multilocus sequence typing of 137 erythromycin-resistant C. coli isolates revealed 37 previously reported sequence types (STs) and 8 novel STs. M192I, A103VI, and G74A substitutions were frequently noted in the ribosomal proteins L4 or L22. Further, we identified a considerable proportion (>90%) of erythromycin-resistant isolates carrying virulence factor genes: flaA, cadF, ceuE, and VirB. The prudent use of antimicrobials and regular microbiological investigation in food animals will be vital in limiting the public health hazards of C. coli in Korea.
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Kim SH, Chelliah R, Ramakrishnan SR, Perumal AS, Bang WS, Rubab M, Daliri EBM, Barathikannan K, Elahi F, Park E, Jo HY, Hwang SB, Oh DH. Review on Stress Tolerance in Campylobacter jejuni. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:596570. [PMID: 33614524 PMCID: PMC7890702 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.596570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are the leading global cause of bacterial colon infections in humans. Enteropathogens are subjected to several stress conditions in the host colon, food complexes, and the environment. Species of the genus Campylobacter, in collective interactions with certain enteropathogens, can manage and survive such stress conditions. The stress-adaptation mechanisms of Campylobacter spp. diverge from other enteropathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, S. enterica ser. Paratyphi, S. enterica ser. Typhimurium, and species of the genera Klebsiella and Shigella. This review summarizes the different mechanisms of various stress-adaptive factors on the basis of species diversity in Campylobacter, including their response to various stress conditions that enhance their ability to survive on different types of food and in adverse environmental conditions. Understanding how these stress adaptation mechanisms in Campylobacter, and other enteric bacteria, are used to overcome various challenging environments facilitates the fight against resistance mechanisms in Campylobacter spp., and aids the development of novel therapeutics to control Campylobacter in both veterinary and human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hun Kim
- Food Microbiology Division, Food Safety Evaluation Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, South Korea.,College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sudha Rani Ramakrishnan
- School of Food Science, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | | | - Woo-Suk Bang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology and Kinesiology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Momna Rubab
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kaliyan Barathikannan
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Fazle Elahi
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Eunji Park
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Yeong Jo
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Su-Bin Hwang
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Deog Hwan Oh
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Müller E, Hotzel H, Linde J, Hänel I, Tomaso H. Antimicrobial Resistance and in silico Virulence Profiling of Aliarcobacter butzleri Strains From German Water Poultry. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:617685. [PMID: 33381106 PMCID: PMC7767855 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.617685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aliarcobacter butzleri is an emerging foodborne and zoonotic pathogen that is usually transmitted via contaminated food or water. A. butzleri is not only the most prevalent Aliarcobacter species, it is also closely related to thermophilic Campylobacter, which have shown increasing resistance in recent years. Therefore, it is important to assess its resistance and virulence profiles. In this study, 45 Aliarcobacter butzleri strains from water poultry farms in Thuringia, Germany, were subjected to an antimicrobial susceptibility test using the gradient strip diffusion method and whole-genome sequencing. In the phylogenetic analysis, the genomes of the German strains showed high genetic diversity. Thirty-three isolates formed 11 subgroups containing two to six strains. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 32 strains were resistant to erythromycin, 26 to doxycycline, and 20 to tetracycline, respectively. Only two strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin, while 39 strains were resistant to streptomycin. The in silico prediction of the antimicrobial resistance profiles identified a large repertoire of potential resistance mechanisms. A strong correlation between a gyrA point mutation (Thr-85-Ile) and ciprofloxacin resistance was found in 11 strains. A partial correlation was observed between the presence of the bla3 gene and ampicillin resistance. In silico virulence profiling revealed a broad spectrum of putative virulence factors, including a complete lipid A cluster in all studied genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Müller
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Linde
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hänel
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses (IBIZ), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
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26
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Elgamoudi BA, Taha T, Korolik V. Inhibition of Campylobacter jejuni Biofilm Formation by D-Amino Acids. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E836. [PMID: 33238583 PMCID: PMC7700173 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of bacterial pathogens to form biofilms is an important virulence mechanism in relation to their pathogenesis and transmission. Biofilms play a crucial role in survival in unfavorable environmental conditions, acting as reservoirs of microbial contamination and antibiotic resistance. For intestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni, biofilms are considered to be a contributing factor in transmission through the food chain and currently, there are no known methods for intervention. Here, we present an unconventional approach to reducing biofilm formation by C. jejuni by the application of D-amino acids (DAs), and L-amino acids (LAs). We found that DAs and not LAs, except L-alanine, reduced biofilm formation by up to 70%. The treatment of C. jejuni cells with DAs changed the biofilm architecture and reduced the appearance of amyloid-like fibrils. In addition, a mixture of DAs enhanced antimicrobial efficacy of D-Cycloserine (DCS) up to 32% as compared with DCS treatment alone. Unexpectedly, D-alanine was able to reverse the inhibitory effect of other DAs as well as that of DCS. Furthermore, L-alanine and D-tryptophan decreased transcript levels of peptidoglycan biosynthesis enzymes alanine racemase (alr) and D-alanine-D-alanine ligase (ddlA) while D-serine was only able to decrease the transcript levels of alr. Our findings suggest that a combination of DAs could reduce biofilm formation, viability and persistence of C. jejuni through dysregulation of alr and ddlA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victoria Korolik
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast QLD 4222, Australia; (B.A.E.); (T.T.)
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27
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Khademi F, Sahebkar A. Prevalence of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Campylobacter Species in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:8868197. [PMID: 33488728 PMCID: PMC7803110 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8868197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter species are one of the main causes of bacterial food poisoning worldwide. Recently, WHO reported that the emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter species is becoming a public health issue around the world. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the prevalence of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Campylobacter species, especially fluoroquinolone-resistant strains isolated from human and animal origins in Iran. METHODS Using related keywords and without date and language limitations, a comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, and SID to identify relevant studies on the prevalence of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Campylobacter species in Iran. RESULTS A total of 34 reports (9 in Persian and 25 in English) were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Disk diffusion, E-test, and agar dilution were common methods used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The antibiotic resistance profiles of Campylobacter species against fluoroquinolones were as follows: 53.6%, 41.8%, and 0% to ciprofloxacin for C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari, respectively, 24.3% and 25.1% to enrofloxacin for C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively, 59.6% and 49.2% to nalidixic acid for C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively, and 87.3% and 64.7% to ofloxacin for C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed a high prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter species in Iran. This calls for the use of more effective antibiotics with low resistance rates including aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, and imipenem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Khademi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Forson AO, Adjei DN, Olu-Taiwo M, Quarchie MN, Asmah HR. Characterization of Campylobacter associated gastric enteritis among patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in a hospital in Accra, Ghana. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240242. [PMID: 33057408 PMCID: PMC7561167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter infections in HIV positive patients often present with substantial mortality and morbidity when compared to HIV negative patients. AIM This study assessed the prevalence of Campylobacter, antibiotic resistance phenotypes and genetic factors, and risk of Campylobacter infection associated with living in close proximity to domestic animals in HIV patients with gastric enteritis at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana. METHODS Resistance to different antibiotics was assessed with Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. In addition, all the Campylobacter isolates were tested for ampicillin (blaOXA-61), erythromycin (aph-3-1), tetracycline tet(O), streptomycin (aadE), and the energy-dependent multi-drug efflux pump (cmeB) resistance genes using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Out of a total of 140 (97 females and 43 males) tested patients, 71 (50.7%) patients were positive for Campylobacter coli. Female patients aged within 31-40 years (31.6%) and 41-50 years (31.6%) had high frequency of Campylobacter infection. Most of the infected patients lived in close proximity to chickens (53.5%), however, some patients (14.1%) lived in close proximity to goats. Phenotypic resistance evaluation revealed widespread resistance to ampicillin (100%), tetracycline (100%), ciprofloxacin (71.8%), erythromycin (69%), and gentamicin (49.3%). However, limited no of isolates contained blaOXA-61 (1.41%), cmeB (7.0%) and tet(O (7.0%) resistance genes. CONCLUSION HIV patients with gastric enteritis were infected with resistant Campylobacter coli. Further studies are required to examine correlation of infected patients with C. coli and risk of living in close proximity to poultry birds. There is the need for routine investigation of Campylobacter in patients with gastroenteritis in order to assist in the development of strategies for combating diseases involving resistant zoonotic bacteria strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akua Obeng Forson
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - David Nana Adjei
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Michael Olu-Taiwo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Marjorie Ntiwaa Quarchie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
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Dahl LG, Joensen KG, Østerlund MT, Kiil K, Nielsen EM. Prediction of antimicrobial resistance in clinical Campylobacter jejuni isolates from whole-genome sequencing data. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 40:673-682. [PMID: 32974772 PMCID: PMC7979593 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-04043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is recognised as the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in industrialised countries. Although the majority of Campylobacter infections are self-limiting, antimicrobial treatment is necessary in severe cases. Therefore, the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Campylobacter is a growing public health challenge and surveillance of AMR is important for bacterial disease control. The aim of this study was to predict antimicrobial resistance in C. jejuni from whole-genome sequencing data. A total of 516 clinical C. jejuni isolates collected between 2014 and 2017 were subjected to WGS. Resistance phenotypes were determined by standard broth dilution, categorising isolates as either susceptible or resistant based on epidemiological cutoffs for six antimicrobials: ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, erythromycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Resistance genotypes were identified using an in-house database containing reference genes with known point mutations and the presence of resistance genes was determined using the ResFinder database and four bioinformatical methods (modified KMA, ABRicate, ARIBA, and ResFinder Batch Upload). We identified seven resistance genes including tet(O), tet(O/32/O), ant(6)-Ia, aph(2″)-If, blaOXA, aph(3')-III, and cat as well as mutations in three genes: gyrA, 23S rRNA, and rpsL. There was a high correlation between phenotypic resistance and the presence of known resistance genes and/or point mutations. A correlation above 98% was seen for all antimicrobials except streptomycin with a correlation of 92%. In conclusion, we found that WGS can predict antimicrobial resistance with a high degree of accuracy and have the potential to be a powerful tool for AMR surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Gade Dahl
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mark Thomas Østerlund
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Kiil
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Møller Nielsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Anampa D, Benites C, Lázaro C, Espinoza J, Angulo P, Díaz D, Manchego A, Rojas M. [Detection of the ermB gene associated with macrolide resistance in Campylobacter strains isolated from chickens marketed in Lima, PeruDetecção do gene ermB associado à resistência a macrolídeos em cepas de Campylobacter isoladas de frangos comercializados em Lima, no Peru]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2020; 44:e60. [PMID: 32973906 PMCID: PMC7498294 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect the presence of the ermB gene associated with macrolide resistance in Campylobacter spp. strains isolated from chickens marketed in Lima, Peru. METHODS 120 samples of chicken skin from three markets in the districts of San Martin de Porres (n = 30), Santa Anita (n = 20), and Independencia (n = 70), located in the Province of Lima, Peru, were analyzed. Microbiological analysis of the samples was carried out according to ISO standard 10272-1:2017. For the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmation of genus and species, 16-rRNA and GlyA and hipO primers, respectively, were used. For the evaluation of antibiotic sensitivity, the Müller-Hinton agar with 5% blood, with sensi-discs for azithromycin (15 µg) and erythromycin (15 µg), was used. For detection of the ermB gene in strains with resistant phenotypes, conventional PCR was used. RESULTS A total of 117 positive samples (97.5%) were obtained; of these, 100% were compatible with Campylobacter coli (negative hippurate test) and confirmed by PCR. The plate-based assessment of antibiotic resistance to azithromycin and erythromycin resulted in 100% of strains with a phenotype that is resistant to these macrolides, while the PCR to detect the ermB gene indicated a total of 62 positives (53%), which were confirmed through sequencing. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the chicken carcasses sold in markets in Lima present contamination by C. coli with high resistance to macrolides, which can be attributed to the presence of the ermB gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Anampa
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLimaPerúFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú.
| | - Christian Benites
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLimaPerúFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú.
| | - César Lázaro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLimaPerúFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú.
| | - Juan Espinoza
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLimaPerúFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú.
| | - Pedro Angulo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLimaPerúFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú.
| | - Diego Díaz
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLimaPerúFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú.
| | - Alberto Manchego
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLimaPerúFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú.
| | - Miguel Rojas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLimaPerúFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú.
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Rivera-Mendoza D, Martínez-Flores I, Santamaría RI, Lozano L, Bustamante VH, Pérez-Morales D. Genomic Analysis Reveals the Genetic Determinants Associated With Antibiotic Resistance in the Zoonotic Pathogen Campylobacter spp. Distributed Globally. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:513070. [PMID: 33042043 PMCID: PMC7518152 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.513070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Campylobacter groups 32 Gram-negative bacteria species, several being zoonotic pathogens and a major cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Antibiotic resistant Campylobacter is considered by the World Health Organization as a high priority pathogen for research and development of new antibiotics. Genetic elements related to antibiotic resistance in the classical C. coli and C. jejuni species, which infect humans and livestock, have been analyzed in numerous studies, mainly focused on local geographical areas. However, the presence of these resistance determinants in other Campylobacter species, as well as in C. jejuni and C. coli strains distributed globally, remains poorly studied. In this work, we analyzed the occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance factors in 237 Campylobacter closed genomes available in NCBI, obtained from isolates collected worldwide, in different dates, from distinct hosts and comprising 22 Campylobacter species. Our data revealed 18 distinct genetic determinants, genes or point mutations in housekeeping genes, associated with resistance to antibiotics from aminoglycosides, β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, lincosamides, macrolides, phenicols or tetracyclines classes, which are differentially distributed among the Campylobacter species tested, on chromosomes or plasmids. Three resistance determinants, the blaOXA–493 and blaOXA–576 genes, putatively related to β-lactams resistance, as well as the lnu(AN2) gene, putatively related to lincosamides resistance, had not been reported in Campylobacter; thus, they represent novel determinants for antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter spp., which expands the insight on the Campylobacter resistome. Interestingly, we found that some of the genetic determinants associated with antibiotic resistance are Campylobacter species-specific; e.g., the blaOXA–493 gene and the T86V mutation in gyrA were found only in the C. lari group, whereas genes associated with aminoglycosides resistance were found only in C. jejuni and C. coli. Additional analyses revealed how are distributed the resistance and multidrug resistance Campylobacter genotypes assessed, with respect to hosts, geographical locations, and collection dates. Thus, our findings further expand the knowledge on the factors that can determine or favor the antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter species distributed globally, which can be useful to choose a suitable antibiotic treatment to control the zoonotic infections by these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rivera-Mendoza
- Programa de Maestría en Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Irma Martínez-Flores
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Rosa I Santamaría
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Luis Lozano
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Víctor H Bustamante
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Deyanira Pérez-Morales
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Espinoza N, Rojas J, Pollett S, Meza R, Patiño L, Leiva M, Camiña M, Bernal M, Reynolds ND, Maves R, Tilley DH, Kasper M, Simons MP. Validation of the T86I mutation in the gyrA gene as a highly reliable real time PCR target to detect Fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter jejuni. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:518. [PMID: 32677920 PMCID: PMC7364496 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide, and increasing rates of fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance in C. jejuni are a major public health concern. The rapid detection and tracking of FQ resistance are critical needs in developing countries, as these antimicrobials are widely used against C. jejuni infections. Detection of point mutations at T86I in the gyrA gene by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a rapid detection tool that may improve FQ resistance tracking. METHODS C. jejuni isolates obtained from children with diarrhea in Peru were tested by RT-PCR to detect point mutations at T86I in gyrA. Further confirmation was performed by sequencing of the gyrA gene. RESULTS We detected point mutations at T86I in the gyrA gene in 100% (141/141) of C. jejuni clinical isolates that were previously confirmed as ciprofloxacin-resistant by E-test. No mutations were detected at T86I in gyrA in any ciprofloxacin-sensitive isolates. CONCLUSIONS Detection of T86I mutations in C. jejuni is a rapid, sensitive, and specific method to identify fluoroquinolone resistance in Peru. This detection approach could be broadly employed in epidemiologic surveillance, therefore reducing time and cost in regions with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nereyda Espinoza
- Bacteriology Department, U.S Naval Medical Research Unit-6 (NAMRU-6), Avenida Venezuela, Cuadra 36, Callao, Peru.
| | - Jesús Rojas
- Bacteriology Department, U.S Naval Medical Research Unit-6 (NAMRU-6), Avenida Venezuela, Cuadra 36, Callao, Peru
| | - Simon Pollett
- Bacteriology Department, U.S Naval Medical Research Unit-6 (NAMRU-6), Avenida Venezuela, Cuadra 36, Callao, Peru
| | - Rina Meza
- Bacteriology Department, U.S Naval Medical Research Unit-6 (NAMRU-6), Avenida Venezuela, Cuadra 36, Callao, Peru
| | | | - Manuel Leiva
- Hospital Nacional Docente Madre-Niño San Bartolomé, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Manuela Bernal
- Bacteriology Department, U.S Naval Medical Research Unit-6 (NAMRU-6), Avenida Venezuela, Cuadra 36, Callao, Peru
| | | | - Ryan Maves
- Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Drake H Tilley
- Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Matthew Kasper
- Bacteriology Department, U.S Naval Medical Research Unit-6 (NAMRU-6), Avenida Venezuela, Cuadra 36, Callao, Peru
| | - Mark P Simons
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Springs, MD, USA
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Lynch CT, Lynch H, Burke S, Hawkins K, Buttimer C, Mc Carthy C, Egan J, Whyte P, Bolton D, Coffey A, Lucey B. Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants Circulating among Thermophilic Campylobacter Isolates Recovered from Broilers in Ireland Over a One-Year Period. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E308. [PMID: 32521746 PMCID: PMC7344827 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is the leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis, very often associated with poultry consumption. Thermophilic Campylobacter (Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli) isolates (n = 158) recovered from broiler neck skin and caecal contents in Ireland over a one-year period, resistant to at least one of three clinically relevant antimicrobial classes, were screened for resistance determinants. All ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates (n = 99) harboured the C257T nucleotide mutation (conferring the Thr-86-Ile substitution) in conjunction with other synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations, which may have epidemiological value. The A2075G nucleotide mutation and amino acid substitutions in L4 and L22 were detected in all erythromycin-resistant isolates (n = 5). The tetO gene was detected in 100% (n = 119) of tetracycline-resistant isolates and three of which were found to harbour the mosaic tetracycline resistance gene tetO/32/O. Two streptomycin-resistant C. jejuni isolates (isolated from the same flock) harboured ant(6)-Ib, located in a multidrug resistance genomic island, containing aminoglycoside, streptothricin (satA) and tetracycline resistance genes (truncated tetO and mosaic tetO/32/O). The ant(6)-Ie gene was identified in two streptomycin-resistant C. coli isolates. This study highlights the widespread acquisition of antimicrobial resistance determinants among chicken-associated Campylobacter isolates, through horizontal gene transfer or clonal expansion of resistant lineages. The stability of such resistance determinants is compounded by the fluidity of mobile genetic element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhe T. Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland; (C.T.L.); (S.B.); (K.H.); (C.M.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Helen Lynch
- NRL Campylobacter, Backweston Laboratory Complex, Young’s Cross, Celbridge, W23 X3PH Kildare, Ireland; (H.L.); (J.E.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Sarah Burke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland; (C.T.L.); (S.B.); (K.H.); (C.M.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Kayleigh Hawkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland; (C.T.L.); (S.B.); (K.H.); (C.M.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Colin Buttimer
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Conor Mc Carthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland; (C.T.L.); (S.B.); (K.H.); (C.M.C.); (A.C.)
| | - John Egan
- NRL Campylobacter, Backweston Laboratory Complex, Young’s Cross, Celbridge, W23 X3PH Kildare, Ireland; (H.L.); (J.E.)
| | - Paul Whyte
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Declan Bolton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 DY05 Dublin 15, Ireland;
| | - Aidan Coffey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland; (C.T.L.); (S.B.); (K.H.); (C.M.C.); (A.C.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Brigid Lucey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland; (C.T.L.); (S.B.); (K.H.); (C.M.C.); (A.C.)
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Wieczorek K, Bocian Ł, Osek J. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolated from carcasses of chickens slaughtered in Poland – a retrospective study. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Alaboudi AR, Malkawi IM, Osaili TM, Abu-Basha EA, Guitian J. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance and genotypes of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from chickens in Irbid governorate, Jordan. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 327:108656. [PMID: 32445835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter is the world's leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, causing nearly 9 million cases of food poisoning in Europe every year. Poultry is considered the main source of Campylobacter infection to humans. The objectives of the study were to determine occurrence of C. jejuni and C. coli in chickens, the antimicrobial resistance, genotypes, and relatedness of the isolates. A total of 177 chicken samples obtained from informal butcher shops (fresh), formal poultry slaughterhouses (refrigerated) and retail market (frozen) were analyzed. Isolation of Campylobacter spp. was conducted according to the ISO 10272-2006 method. Multiplex PCR was used for confirmation and identification of the isolates. The disk diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial resistance of the isolates and multilocus sequence typing was used for genotyping. The proportion of samples with Campylobacter spp. was 31.6% among all chicken samples (fresh and refrigerated 47.5%, frozen 0%) C. coli was isolated from 42.4% of chicken samples obtained from butcher shops and from 18.6% of samples obtained in formal slaughterhouses. C. jejuni was isolated from 17.0% of samples obtained in butcher shops and formal slaughterhouses. Campylobacter spp. was not isolated in frozen chicken samples. All tested isolates showed resistance toward ciprofloxacin and susceptibility toward imipenem and all of the isolates were multidrug resistant toward 5 or more antimicrobials. Three sequence types were identified among 10 C. coli isolates and seven sequence types were identified among 10 C. jejuni isolates. Among sequence types, chicken isolates shared similarities of both phenotypic and genetic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram R Alaboudi
- Department of Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Ismail M Malkawi
- Department of Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Tareq M Osaili
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Ehab A Abu-Basha
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Javier Guitian
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, AL9 7TA Hatfield, UK
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Eryildiz C, Tabakcioglu K, Kuyucuklu G, Sakru N. Investigation of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of Campylobacter isolates from patients in a tertiary hospital in Edirne, Turkey. Indian J Med Microbiol 2020; 38:157-161. [PMID: 32883928 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_20_78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Campylobacter is one of the most common pathogens that cause food-borne infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance rates and the presence of multiple virulence genes in Campylobacter isolates obtained from humans. Materials and Methods In this study, 71 Campylobacter isolates obtained from human faecal samples were used. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed through the gradient strip method. The presence of virulence genes was investigated by monoplex and multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Results The rate of resistance of the 66 Campylobacter jejuni isolates was 12.1% for erythromycin, 40.9% for tetracycline and 68.2% for ciprofloxacin. Only one of five Campylobacter coli isolates was resistant to these three antimicrobial agents. The flaB, pldA, cdtA, cadF, cdtC and ceuE genes were found in all 66 of the C. jejuni isolates. In the C. jejuni isolates, positivity rates of 92.4% for flaA, 96.7% for cdtB, 98.5% for ciaB, 90.9% for dnaJ and 96.7% for racR were observed. The flaA, flaB, ciaB, cdtA and cdtC genes were present in all C. coli isolates. Conclusions It was detected that there is an increase in antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter strains in our region, and most of the isolates harbour virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Eryildiz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Kiymet Tabakcioglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Gulcan Kuyucuklu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Nermin Sakru
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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Palma E, Tilocca B, Roncada P. Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1914. [PMID: 32168903 PMCID: PMC7139321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the most important human- and animal health-threatening issues worldwide. Bacterial capability to face antimicrobial compounds is an ancient feature, enabling bacterial survival over time and the dynamic surrounding. Moreover, bacteria make use of their evolutionary machinery to adapt to the selective pressure exerted by antibiotic treatments, resulting in reduced efficacy of the therapeutic intervention against human and animal infections. The mechanisms responsible for both innate and acquired AMR are thoroughly investigated. Commonly, AMR traits are included in mobilizable genetic elements enabling the homogeneous diffusion of the AMR traits pool between the ecosystems of diverse sectors, such as human medicine, veterinary medicine, and the environment. Thus, a coordinated multisectoral approach, such as One-Health, provides a detailed comprehensive picture of the AMR onset and diffusion. Following a general revision of the molecular mechanisms responsible for both innate and acquired AMR, the present manuscript focuses on reviewing the contribution of veterinary medicine to the overall issue of AMR. The main sources of AMR amenable to veterinary medicine are described, driving the attention towards the indissoluble cross-talk existing between the diverse ecosystems and sectors and their cumulative cooperation to this warning phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Health Science, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.P.); (B.T.)
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Casagrande Proietti P, Guelfi G, Bellucci S, De Luca S, Di Gregorio S, Pieramati C, Franciosini MP. Beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni chicken isolates and the association between blaOXA-61 gene expression and the action of β-lactamase inhibitors. Vet Microbiol 2020; 241:108553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Elhadidy M, Ali MM, El-Shibiny A, Miller WG, Elkhatib WF, Botteldoorn N, Dierick K. Antimicrobial resistance patterns and molecular resistance markers of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from human diarrheal cases. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227833. [PMID: 31951631 PMCID: PMC6968864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to characterize the antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni recovered from diarrheal patients in Belgium, focusing on the genetic diversity of resistant strains and underlying molecular mechanisms of resistance among Campylobacter jejuni resistant strains isolated from diarrheal patients in Belgium. Susceptibility profile of 199 clinical C. jejuni isolates was determined by minimum inhibitory concentrations against six commonly-used antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, and erythromycin). High rates of resistance were observed against nalidixic acid (56.3%), ciprofloxacin (55.8%) and tetracycline (49.7%); these rates were similar to those obtained from different national reports in broilers intended for human consumption. Alternatively, lower resistance rates to streptomycin (4.5%) and erythromycin (2%), and absolute sensitivity to gentamicin were observed. C. jejuni isolates resistant to tetracycline or quinolones (ciprofloxacin and/or nalidixic acid) were screened for the presence of the tetO gene and the C257T mutation in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of the gyrase gene gyrA, respectively. Interestingly, some of the isolates that displayed phenotypic resistance to these antimicrobials lacked the corresponding genetic determinants. Among erythromycin-resistant isolates, a diverse array of potential molecular resistance mechanisms was investigated, including the presence of ermB and mutations in the 23S rRNA gene, the rplD and rplV ribosomal genes, and the regulatory region of the cmeABC operon. Two of the four erythromycin-resistant isolates harboured the A2075G transition mutation in the 23S rRNA gene; one of these isolates exhibited further mutations in rplD, rplV and in the cmeABC regulatory region. This study expands the current understanding of how different genetic determinants and particular clones shape the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in C. jejuni in Belgium. It also reveals many questions in need of further investigation, such as the role of other undetermined molecular mechanisms that may potentially contribute to the antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elhadidy
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Medhat Ali
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Shibiny
- University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish, Egypt
| | - William G. Miller
- Prodce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, United States of America
| | - Walid F. Elkhatib
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Industries, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Entertainment Area, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St. Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Katelijne Dierick
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Sciensano, Scientific Service: Foodborne Pathogens, Brussels, Belgium
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Kim J, Guk JH, Mun SH, An JU, Kim W, Lee S, Song H, Seong JK, Suh JG, Cho S. The Wild Mouse ( Micromys minutus): Reservoir of a Novel Campylobacter jejuni Strain. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3066. [PMID: 31993041 PMCID: PMC6971111 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common zoonotic pathogens worldwide. Although the main sources of human C. jejuni infection are livestock, wildlife can also affect C. jejuni transmission in humans. However, it remains unclear whether wild mice harbor C. jejuni and are involved in the "environment-wildlife-livestock-human" transmission cycle of C. jejuni in humans. Here, we characterized C. jejuni from wild mice and identified genetic traces of wild mouse-derived C. jejuni in other hosts using a traditional approach, along with comparative genomics. We captured 115 wild mice (49 Mus musculus and 66 Micromys minutus) without any clinical symptoms from 22 sesame fields in Korea over 2 years. Among them, M. minutus were typically caught in remote areas of human houses and C. jejuni was solely isolated from M. minutus (42/66, 63.6%). We identified a single clone (MLST ST-8388) in all 42 C. jejuni isolates, which had not been previously reported, and all isolates had the same virulence/survival-factor profile, except for the plasmid-mediated virB11 gene. No isolates exhibited antibiotic resistance, either in phenotypic and genetic terms. Comparative-genomic analysis and MST revealed that C. jejuni derived from M. minutus (strain SCJK2) was not genetically related to those derived from other sources (registered in the NCBI genome database and PubMLST database). Therefore, we hypothesize that C. jejuni from M. minutus is a normal component of the gut flora following adaptation to the gastro-intestinal tract. Furthermore, M. minutus-derived C. jejuni had different ancestral lineages from those derived from other sources, and there was a low chance of C. jejuni transmission from M. minutus to humans/livestock because of their habitat. In conclusion, M. minutus may be a potential reservoir for a novel C. jejuni, which is genetically different from those of other sources, but may not be involved in the transmission of C. jejuni to other hosts, including humans and livestock. This study could form the basis for further studies focused on understanding the transmission cycle of C. jejuni, as well as other zoonotic pathogens originating from wild mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyung Kim
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Guk
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Mun
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Uk An
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woohyun Kim
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soomin Lee
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyokeun Song
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Gyo Suh
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seongbeom Cho
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Di Giannatale E, Calistri P, Di Donato G, Decastelli L, Goffredo E, Adriano D, Mancini ME, Galleggiante A, Neri D, Antoci S, Marfoglia C, Marotta F, Nuvoloni R, Migliorati G. Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. in chicken and bovine meat in Italy: Prevalence, level of contamination and molecular characterization of isolates. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225957. [PMID: 31809529 PMCID: PMC6897410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species are common foodborne pathogens associated with cases of human gastroenteritis worldwide. A detailed understanding of the prevalence, contamination levels and molecular characteristics of Campylobacter spp. in cattle and chicken, which are likely the most important sources of human contamination, is imperative. A collection of 1243 poultry meat samples (665 chicken breasts and 578 chicken thighs) and 1203 bovine meat samples (689 hamburgers and 514 knife-cut meat preparations) were collected at retail outlets, in randomly selected supermarkets located in different Italian regions during one year. Of these samples, 17.38% of the poultry meat and 0.58% of the bovine meat samples tested positive for Campylobacter, of which 131 were Campylobacter jejuni (57.96%) and 95 were Campylobacter coli (42.03%). Campylobacter isolates were genotyped with the aim of assessing the genetic diversity, population structure, source distribution and Campylobacter transmission route to humans. All isolates were molecularly characterized by pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and further genotyped using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and fla-SVR sequencing to gain better insight into the population structure. Antibiotic resistance was also investigate. The highest levels of resistance among chicken strains were observed for ciprofloxacin (88.25%), nalidixic acid (81.45%) and tetracycline (75.6%). PFGE analysis revealed 73 pulsotypes for C. jejuni and 54 pulsotypes for C. coli, demonstrating the existance of different and specific clones circulating in Italy. MLST of C.jejuni isolates mainly clustered in the CC353, CC354, CC21, CC206 and CC443; while C.coli isolates clustered only in CC828. The most common flaA alleles were 287 for C. jejuni and 66 for C. coli. Our study confirms that poultry meat is the main source of Campylobacteriosis, whereas red meat had a low level of contamination suggesting a minor role in transmission. The high presence of Campylobacter in retail chicken meat, paired with its increased resistance to antimicrobials with several multidrug resistance profiles detected, is alarming and represents a persistent threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Giannatale
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Paolo Calistri
- National Reference Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology, Programming, Information and Risk Analysis (COVEPI), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Guido Di Donato
- National Reference Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology, Programming, Information and Risk Analysis (COVEPI), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
- Dept. of Veterinary Sciences, Univ. of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Decastelli
- Department of Food Hygiene, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Goffredo
- Department of Food Hygiene, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniela Adriano
- Department of Food Hygiene, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Emanuela Mancini
- Department of Food Hygiene, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Galleggiante
- Department of Food Hygiene, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Diana Neri
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Antoci
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Cristina Marfoglia
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesca Marotta
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Migliorati
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
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Hyper-Aerotolerant Campylobacter coli from Duck Sources and Its Potential Threat to Public Health: Virulence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Genetic Relatedness. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110579. [PMID: 31752343 PMCID: PMC6920863 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter, a common foodborne human pathogen, is considered sensitive to oxygen. Recently, aerotolerant (AT) Campylobacter jejuni with the ability to survive under aerobic stress has been reported. Here, we investigated the prevalence of hyper-aerotolerant (HAT) Campylobacter coli from duck sources (118 carcasses and meat) and its characteristics to assess potential impacts on public health. Half of 56 C. coli isolates were HAT and most harbored various virulence genes including flaA, cadF, cdtA, ceuB, and wlaN. Moreover, 98.2% of C. coli isolates showed resistance to quinolones, including ciprofloxacin (CIP), and nine (16.1%) showed high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, MIC ≥ 32 μg/mL) and most of these were HAT. Based on genetic relatedness between C. coli from duck sources and those from human sources (PubMLST and NCBI), HAT isolates sharing the same MLST sequence types were significantly more prevalent than those not sharing the same sequence types as those from human sources. Therefore, HAT C. coli is prevalent in duck sources, and is most likely transmitted to humans through the food chain given its aerotolerance. This being so, it might pose a threat to public health given its virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study will assist in improving control strategies to reduce farm-to-table HAT C. coli transmission to humans.
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Abstract
Campylobacter is among the four main causes of gastroenteritis worldwide and has increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. The vast majority of reported Campylobacter infections are caused by Campylobacter jejuni and, to a lesser extent, C. coli; however, the increasing recognition of other emerging Campylobacter pathogens is urgently demanding a better understanding of how these underestimated species cause disease, transmit, and evolve. In parallel to the enhanced clinical awareness of campylobacteriosis due to improved diagnostic protocols, the application of high-throughput sequencing has increased the number of whole-genome sequences available to dozens of strains of many emerging campylobacters. This has allowed for comprehensive comparative pathogenomic analyses for several species, such as C. fetus and C. concisus These studies have started to reveal the evolutionary forces shaping their genomes and have brought to light many genomic features related to pathogenicity in these neglected species, promoting the development of new tools and approaches relevant for clinical microbiology. Despite the need for additional characterization of genomic diversity in emerging campylobacters, the increasing body of literature describing pathogenomic studies on these species deserves to be discussed from an integrative perspective. This review compiles the current knowledge and highlights future work toward deepening our understanding about genome dynamics and the mechanisms governing the evolution of pathogenicity in emerging Campylobacter species, which is urgently needed to develop strategies to prevent or control the spread of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Costa
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gregorio Iraola
- Microbial Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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Hashempour-Baltork F, Hosseini H, Shojaee-Aliabadi S, Torbati M, Alizadeh AM, Alizadeh M. Drug Resistance and the Prevention Strategies in Food Borne Bacteria: An Update Review. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:335-347. [PMID: 31592430 PMCID: PMC6773942 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic therapy is among the most important treatments against infectious diseases and has tremendously improved effects on public health. Nowadays, development in using this treatment has led us to the emergence and enhancement of drug-resistant pathogens which can result in some problems including treatment failure, increased mortality as well as treatment costs, reduced infection control efficiency, and spread of resistant pathogens from hospital to community. Therefore, many researches have tried to find new alternative approaches to control and prevent this problem. This study, has been revealed some possible and effective approaches such as using farming practice, natural antibiotics, nano-antibiotics, lactic acid bacteria, bacteriocin, cyclopeptid, bacteriophage, synthetic biology and predatory bacteria as alternatives for traditional antibiotics to prevent or reduce the emergence of drug resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fataneh Hashempour-Baltork
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Shojaee-Aliabadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Torbati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Adel Mirza Alizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matin Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Surgery), Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Meistere I, Ķibilds J, Eglīte L, Alksne L, Avsejenko J, Cibrovska A, Makarova S, Streikiša M, Grantiņa-Ieviņa L, Bērziņš A. Campylobacter species prevalence, characterisation of antimicrobial resistance and analysis of whole-genome sequence of isolates from livestock and humans, Latvia, 2008 to 2016. Euro Surveill 2019; 24:1800357. [PMID: 31387670 PMCID: PMC6685098 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.31.1800357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCampylobacter is the main cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. The main transmission route is through consumption of food contaminated with Campylobacter species or contact with infected animals. In Latvia, the prevalence of campylobacteriosis is reported to be low (4.6 cases per 100,000 population in 2016).AimTo determine prevalence, species spectrum and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Campylobacter spp. in Latvia, using data from various livestock and human clinical samples.MethodsWe analysed data of Campylobacter microbiological monitoring and AMR (2008 and 2014-16) in Latvia. Data from broilers, poultry, pigs, calves and humans were used to determine prevalence of Campylobacter. Additionally, 45 different origin isolates (22 human) were sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform; for each isolate core genome multilocus sequence typing was used and relevant antimicrobial resistance mechanisms were identified.ResultsOverall, Campylobacter prevalence in was 83.3% in pigs, 50.2% in broilers, 16.1% in calves and 5.3% in humans; C. jejuni was the predominant species in all sources except pigs where C. coli was main species. High level of resistance in Campylobacter were observed against fluoroquinolones, tetracycline and streptomycin, in most of sequenced isolates genetic determinants of relevant AMR profiles were identified.ConclusionsIn Latvia, prevalence of Campylobacter in livestock is high, especially in pigs and broilers; prevalence in poultry and humans were lower than in other European countries. AMR analysis reveals increase of streptomycin and tetracycline resistant broiler origin C. jejuni strains. WGS demonstrates a high compliance between resistance phenotype and genotype for quinolones and tetracyclines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irēna Meistere
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Juris Ķibilds
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Lāsma Eglīte
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Laura Alksne
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jeļena Avsejenko
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alla Cibrovska
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Svetlana Makarova
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Madara Streikiša
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Aivars Bērziņš
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
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Genomic Analysis of Emerging Florfenicol-Resistant Campylobacter coli Isolated from the Cecal Contents of Cattle in the United States. mSphere 2019; 4:4/3/e00367-19. [PMID: 31243079 PMCID: PMC6595150 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00367-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a leading cause of foodborne diarrheal illness worldwide, with more than one million cases each year in the United States alone. The global emergence of antimicrobial resistance in this pathogen has become a growing public health concern. Florfenicol-resistant (FFNr) Campylobacter has been very rare in the United States. In this study, we employed whole-genome sequencing to characterize 16 multidrug-resistant Campylobacter coli isolates recovered from cattle in the United States. A gene [cfr(C)] was found to be responsible for resistance not only to florfenicol but also to several other antimicrobials, including linezolid, a critical drug for treating infections by Gram-positive bacteria in humans. The results showed that cfr(C) is located in a conjugative pTet MDR/virulence plasmid. This report highlights the power of antimicrobial resistance surveillance to uncover the intricacies of transmissible coresistance and provides information that is needed for accurate risk assessment and mitigation strategies. Genomic analyses were performed on florfenicol-resistant (FFNr) Campylobacter coli isolates recovered from cattle, and the cfr(C) gene-associated multidrug resistance (MDR) plasmid was characterized. Sixteen FFNrC. coli isolates recovered between 2013 and 2018 from beef cattle were sequenced using MiSeq. Genomes and plasmids were found to be closed for three of the isolates using the PacBio system. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the genome and the structures of MDR plasmids were investigated. Conjugation experiments were performed to determine the transferability of cfr(C)-associated MDR plasmids. The spectrum of resistance encoded by the cfr(C) gene was further investigated by agar dilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing. All 16 FFNr isolates were MDR and exhibited coresistance to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, clindamycin, and tetracycline. All isolates shared the same resistance genotype, carrying aph (3′)-III, hph, ΔaadE (truncated), blaOXA-61, cfr(C), and tet(O) genes plus a mutation of GyrA (T86I). The cfr(C), aph (3′)-III, hph, ΔaadE, and tet(O) genes were colocated on transferable MDR plasmids ranging in size from 48 to 50 kb. These plasmids showed high sequence homology with the pTet plasmid and carried several Campylobacter virulence genes, including virB2, virB4, virB5, VirB6, virB7, virB8, virb9, virB10, virB11, and virD4. The cfr(C) gene conferred resistance to florfenicol (8 to 32 μg/ml), clindamycin (512 to 1,024 μg/ml), linezolid (128 to 512 μg/ml), and tiamulin (1,024 μg/ml). Phylogenetic analysis showed SNP differences ranging from 11 to 2,248 SNPs among the 16 isolates. The results showed that the cfr(C) gene located in the conjugative pTet MDR/virulence plasmid is present in diverse strains, where it confers high levels of resistance to several antimicrobials, including linezolid, a critical drug for treating infections by Gram-positive bacteria in humans. This report highlights the power of genomic antimicrobial resistance surveillance to uncover the intricacies of transmissible coresistance and provides information that is needed for accurate risk assessment and mitigation strategies. IMPORTANCECampylobacter is a leading cause of foodborne diarrheal illness worldwide, with more than one million cases each year in the United States alone. The global emergence of antimicrobial resistance in this pathogen has become a growing public health concern. Florfenicol-resistant (FFNr) Campylobacter has been very rare in the United States. In this study, we employed whole-genome sequencing to characterize 16 multidrug-resistant Campylobacter coli isolates recovered from cattle in the United States. A gene [cfr(C)] was found to be responsible for resistance not only to florfenicol but also to several other antimicrobials, including linezolid, a critical drug for treating infections by Gram-positive bacteria in humans. The results showed that cfr(C) is located in a conjugative pTet MDR/virulence plasmid. This report highlights the power of antimicrobial resistance surveillance to uncover the intricacies of transmissible coresistance and provides information that is needed for accurate risk assessment and mitigation strategies.
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Chukwu MO, Luther King Abia A, Ubomba-Jaswa E, Obi L, Dewar JB. Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Campylobacter Species Isolated from Paediatric Stool and Water Samples in the Northwest Province, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2205. [PMID: 31234440 PMCID: PMC6617328 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter could adversely affect treatment outcomes, especially in children. We investigated the antibiotic susceptibility profiles, virulence potentials and genetic relatedness of Campylobacter spp. from paediatric and water samples in the North West Province, South Africa. Overall, 237 human and 20 water isolates were identified using culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined using the disk diffusion method. Gradient strips were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of each antibiotic. Antibiotic resistance (gryA, tetO and 23S rRNA 2075G and 2074C) and virulence (cadF and ciaB) genes were also investigated using PCR. A phylogenetic tree to ascertain the clonality between water and clinical isolates was constructed using MEGA 7. Overall, 95% (water) and 64.7% (human) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic tested. The highest resistance was against clarithromycin (95%) for water and ampicillin (60.7%) for human isolates. The 23S rRNA 2075G/2074C mutation was the most expressed resistance gene. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed eight intermixed clades within water and human Campylobacter isolates. This study suggests the possible circulation of potentially pathogenic antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter in the Northwest Province, South Africa with drinking water being a possible vector for disease transmission in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina O Chukwu
- Department of Life and Consumer science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Corner Christiaan De wet and Pioneer Avenue, 1724 Florida park Roodepoort, Gauteng 1709, South Africa.
| | - Akebe Luther King Abia
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Eunice Ubomba-Jaswa
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, 37 Nind Street, Doornfontein, Gauteng 2094, South Africa.
- Water Research Commission, Lynnwood Bridge Office Park, Bloukrans Building, 4 Daventry Street, Lynnwood Manor, Pretoria 0081, South Africa.
| | - Lawrence Obi
- Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, Molotlegi Street, Ga-Rankuwa,Pretoria, Gauteng, P.O Box 60, Medunsa 0204, South Africa.
| | - John Barr Dewar
- Department of Life and Consumer science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Corner Christiaan De wet and Pioneer Avenue, 1724 Florida park Roodepoort, Gauteng 1709, South Africa.
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Peralta-Sánchez JM, Martín-Platero AM, Ariza-Romero JJ, Rabelo-Ruiz M, Zurita-González MJ, Baños A, Rodríguez-Ruano SM, Maqueda M, Valdivia E, Martínez-Bueno M. Egg Production in Poultry Farming Is Improved by Probiotic Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1042. [PMID: 31178831 PMCID: PMC6543855 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious threats for human health in the near future. Livestock has played an important role in the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, intestinal dysbiosis in farming animals, or the spread of AMR among pathogenic bacteria of human concern. The development of alternatives like probiotics is focused on maintaining or improving production levels while diminishing these negative effects of antibiotics. To this end, we supplied the potential probiotic Enterococcus faecalis UGRA10 in the diet of laying hens at a final concentration of 108 Colony Forming Units per gram (CFU/g) of fodder. Its effects have been analyzed by: (i) investigating the response of the ileum and caecum microbiome; and (ii) analyzing the outcome on eggs production. During the second half of the experimental period (40 to 76 days), hens fed E. faecalis UGRA10 maintained egg production, while control animals dropped egg production. Supplementation diet with E. faecalis UGRA10 significantly increased ileum and caecum bacterial diversity (higher bacterial operational taxonomic unit richness and Faith’s diversity index) of laying hens, with animals fed the same diet showing a higher similarity in microbial composition. These results point out to the beneficial effects of E. faecalis UGRA10 in egg production. Future experiments are necessary to unveil the underlying mechanisms that mediate the positive response of animals to this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Baños
- Departamento de Microbiología y Biotecnología - DMC Research Center, Granada, Spain
| | - Sonia María Rodríguez-Ruano
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Mercedes Maqueda
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Eva Valdivia
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Bueno
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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50
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Lurchachaiwong W, Ruksasiri S, Wassanarungroj P, Serichantalergs O, Bodhidatta L, Crawford J, Shrestha SK, Pandey P. Determination of azithromycin heteroresistant Campylobacter jejuni in traveler's diarrhea. Gut Pathog 2019; 11:19. [PMID: 31080519 PMCID: PMC6501284 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-019-0301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is the most common cause of traveler's diarrhea (TD) and human bacterial gastroenteritis. A heteroresistant Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) isolate, identified by microbiological methods and characterized with molecular techniques, was obtained from a traveler in Nepal suffering TD. The presence of atypical colonies within the clear zone of inhibition was the first evidence of an atypical phenotype, leading to additional characterization of this heteroresistant strain. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and population analysis profiling (PAP) demonstrated heteroresistance to azithromycin (AZM), a first-line antibiotic treatment for Campylobacter infections. Molecular analysis indicated a point mutation occurred on the 23S rRNA gene at the A2075G transitions, and the number of mutated gene copies was proportional to AZM resistance. Heteroresistant C. jejuni subpopulations from acute TD are likely underestimated, which may lead to treatment failures, as was the case for this patient. The presence of a heteroresistant strain in a high antibiotic environment may select for additional drug resistance and enable distribution into hospital and local communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woradee Lurchachaiwong
- 1Department of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Supaporn Ruksasiri
- 1Department of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Patcharawalai Wassanarungroj
- 1Department of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Oralak Serichantalergs
- 1Department of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Ladaporn Bodhidatta
- 1Department of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - John Crawford
- 1Department of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, 315/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
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