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Gao S, Mao C, Yuan S, Quan Y, Jin W, Shen Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Yi L, Wang Y. AI-2 quorum sensing-induced galactose metabolism activation in Streptococcus suis enhances capsular polysaccharide-associated virulence. Vet Res 2024; 55:80. [PMID: 38886823 PMCID: PMC11184709 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01335-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria utilize intercellular communication to orchestrate essential cellular processes, adapt to environmental changes, develop antibiotic tolerance, and enhance virulence. This communication, known as quorum sensing (QS), is mediated by the exchange of small signalling molecules called autoinducers. AI-2 QS, regulated by the metabolic enzyme LuxS (S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase), acts as a universal intercellular communication mechanism across gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is crucial for diverse bacterial processes. In this study, we demonstrated that in Streptococcus suis (S. suis), a notable zoonotic pathogen, AI-2 QS enhances galactose utilization, upregulates the Leloir pathway for capsular polysaccharide (CPS) precursor production, and boosts CPS synthesis, leading to increased resistance to macrophage phagocytosis. Additionally, our molecular docking and dynamics simulations suggest that, similar to S. pneumoniae, FruA, a fructose-specific phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system prevalent in gram-positive pathogens, may also function as an AI-2 membrane surface receptor in S. suis. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the significance of AI-2 in the synthesis of galactose metabolism-dependent CPS in S. suis. Additionally, we conducted a preliminary analysis of the potential role of FruA as a membrane surface receptor for S. suis AI-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Chenlong Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Yingying Quan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Wenjie Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Yamin Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Li Yi
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, China.
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China.
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China.
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Wang H, Fan Q, Wang Y, Yi L, Wang Y. Rethinking the control of Streptococcus suis infection: Biofilm formation. Vet Microbiol 2024; 290:110005. [PMID: 38280304 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that is widespread in swine populations. The control of S. suis infection and its associated diseases is a daunting challenge worldwide. Biofilm formation appears to be the main reason for the persistence of S. suis. In this review we gather existing knowledge on S. suis biofilm, describing the role of biofilm formation in S. suis virulence and drug resistance, the regulatory factors of S. suis biofilm formation, and the research progress of inhibiting S. suis biofilm formation, with the aim of providing guidance for future studies related to the field of S. suis biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Qingying Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Li Yi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China; College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China.
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Wang Y, Wang Y. Formation and Analysis of Biofilms in Vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2815:23-35. [PMID: 38884908 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3898-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Establishing a biofilm infection model in vivo allows a better understanding of the underlying infection mechanisms of bacteria. Here we describe a method for constructing an in vivo biofilm model of Streptococcus suis. The animal modeled is a piglet, which is the natural reservoir of S. suis, and the mode of clinical infection is simulated by intranasal inoculation of S. suis. This model is in line with clinical practice, easy to operate, and has good repeated stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Xi H, Fu Y, Chen C, Feng X, Han W, Gu J, Ji Y. Aerococcus viridans Phage Lysin AVPL Had Lytic Activity against Streptococcus suis in a Mouse Bacteremia Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16670. [PMID: 38068990 PMCID: PMC10706753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a swine pathogen that can cause sepsis, meningitis, endocarditis, and other infectious diseases; it is also a zoonotic pathogen that has caused a global surge in fatal human infections. The widespread prevalence of multidrug-resistant S. suis strains and the decline in novel antibiotic candidates have necessitated the development of alternative antimicrobial agents. In this study, AVPL, the Aerococcus viridans (A. viridans) phage lysin, was found to exhibit efficient bactericidal activity and broad lytic activity against multiple serotypes of S. suis. A final concentration of 300 μg/mL AVPL reduced S. suis counts by 4-4.5 log10 within 1 h in vitro. Importantly, AVPL effectively inhibited 48 h S. suis biofilm formation and disrupted preformed biofilms. In a mouse model, 300 μg/mouse AVPL protected 100% of mice from infection following the administration of lethal doses of multidrug-resistant S. suis type 2 (SS2) strain SC19, reduced the bacterial load in different organs, and effectively alleviated inflammation and histopathological damage in infected mice. These data suggest that AVPL is a valuable candidate antimicrobial agent for treating S. suis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyu Xi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.X.); (Y.F.); (C.C.); (W.H.); (J.G.)
| | - Yao Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.X.); (Y.F.); (C.C.); (W.H.); (J.G.)
| | - Chong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.X.); (Y.F.); (C.C.); (W.H.); (J.G.)
| | - Xin Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.X.); (Y.F.); (C.C.); (W.H.); (J.G.)
| | - Wenyu Han
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.X.); (Y.F.); (C.C.); (W.H.); (J.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.X.); (Y.F.); (C.C.); (W.H.); (J.G.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yalu Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.X.); (Y.F.); (C.C.); (W.H.); (J.G.)
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Zhang Y, Lv F, Su Y, Zhang H, Zhang B. Complete genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of three donkey Streptococcus equi subsp. equi isolates. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1285027. [PMID: 38029076 PMCID: PMC10646407 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1285027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi) is the causative agent of strangles, which is one of the most common and highly contagious respiratory infectious illnesses in horses. Streptococcus equi (S. equi) is a horse-specific pathogen that originated from the closely related zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus). Despite decades of research, the movement of genetic material across host-restricted diseases remains a mystery. Methods Three S. equi donkey isolates (HTP133, HTP232, and HT1112) were recently isolated from a strangles epidemic on donkey farms in China's Xinjiang Province. In this study, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of these isolates using whole genome sequencing and compared them to the published genomic sequences of equine strain S. equi 4047 to uncover evidence of genetic events that shaped the evolution of these donkey S. equi isolates' genomes. Results Whole genome sequencing indicated that both strains were closely related, with comparable gene compositions and a high rate of shared core genomes (1788-2004). Our comparative genomic study indicated that the genome structure is substantially conserved across three donkey strains; however, there are several rearrangements and inversions when compared to the horse isolate S. equi 4047. The virulence factors conveyed by genomic islands and prophages, in particular, played a key role in shaping the pathogenic capacity and genetic diversity of these S. equi strains. Furthermore, we discovered that the HT133 isolate had a strong colonization ability and increased motility; the HT1112 isolates had a significantly higher ability for antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation, and the HT232 isolate gained pathogenic specialization by acquiring a bacteriophage encoding hyaluronate lyase. Discussion In summary, our findings show that genetic exchange across S. equi strains influences the development of the donkey S. equi genome, offering important genetic insights for future epidemiological studies of S. equi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Su
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China
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Nicholson TL, Kalalah AA, Eppinger M. Population structure and genetic diversity of Streptococcus suis isolates obtained from the United States. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1250265. [PMID: 37808309 PMCID: PMC10551183 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1250265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis are an extensive economic problem as well as an animal welfare concern for the global swine industry. Previous studies have evaluated the genomic diversity and population structure of S. suis isolates, however, the majority of these studies utilized isolates obtained from countries other than the U.S. This study applied whole genome sequencing and cgMLST-based typing to evaluate the population structure and genetic relatedness among S. suis isolates obtained within the U.S. The established high-resolution phylogenomic framework revealed extensive genomic variation and diversity among the sampled S. suis isolates, with isolates from the U.S. and from countries outside the U.S. found interspersed in the phylogeny. S. suis isolates obtained within the U.S. did not cluster by state or geographic location, however, isolates with similar serotypes, both obtained from within and outside the U.S., generally clustered together. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values determined for the S. suis genomes were extensively broad, approaching the recommended species demarcation value, and correlated with the phylogenetic group distribution of the cgMLST-based tree. Numerous antimicrobial resistance (AMR) elements were identified among both U.S. and non-U.S. isolates with ble, tetO, and ermB genes identified as the most prevalent. The epf, mrp, and sly genes, historically used as markers for virulence potential, were also observed in the genomes of isolates that grouped together forming a subclade of clonal complex 1 (CC1) isolates. Collectively, the data in this report provides critical information needed to address potential biosurveillance needs and insights into the genetic diversity and population structure of S. suis isolates obtained within the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L. Nicholson
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Anwar A. Kalalah
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (STCEID), The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology (MMI), The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Mark Eppinger
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (STCEID), The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology (MMI), The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Zuo J, Shen Y, Wang H, Gao S, Yuan S, Song D, Wang Y, Wang Y. Effects of metformin on Streptococcus suis LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing system and biofilm formation. Microb Pathog 2023:106183. [PMID: 37263449 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) regulates biofilm formation through LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing system, increasing drug resistance and exacerbating infection. The anti-hyperglycaemic agent metformin has anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities. This study aimed to investigate the anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing activity of metformin in S. suis. We first determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of metformin on S. suis. The results indicated that metformin showed no obvious inhibitory or bactericidal effect. Crystal violet staining showed that metformin significantly inhibited the formation of S. suis biofilm at sub-MIC concentration, which was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Then, we quantified the AI-2 signal molecules in S. suis, and the results showed that metformin had a significant inhibitory effect on the production of AI-2 signal in S. suis. Inhibition of enzyme activity and molecular docking experiments showed that metformin has a significant binding activity to LuxS protein. In addition, qRT-PCR results showed that metformin significantly down-regulated the expression of AI-2 synthesis-related genes luxS and pfs, and adhesion-related genes luxS, pfs, gapdh, sly, fbps, and ef. Western blotting also showed that metformin significantly reduced the expression of LuxS protein. Our study suggests that metformin seems to be a suitable candidate for the inhibition of S. suis LuxS/AI-2 QS system and prevention of biofilm formation, which provided a new idea for the prevention and control of S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Emerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang, China
| | - Yamin Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Emerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang, China
| | - Haikun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Emerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang, China
| | - Shuji Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Emerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Emerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang, China
| | - Dong Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Emerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Emerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Emerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang, China.
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Gao M, Zuo J, Shen Y, Yuan S, Gao S, Wang Y, Wang Y, Yi L. Modeling Co-Infection by Streptococcus suis and Haemophilus parasuis Reveals Influences on Biofilm Formation and Host Response. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091511. [PMID: 37174548 PMCID: PMC10177019 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) and Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) are two primary pathogens currently affecting the porcine industry. They often cause encephalitis and arthritis. They also frequently co-infect in clinical settings. In the current study, we identified significant correlations between S. suis and H. parasuis. The results from CI versus RIR suggested that S. suis and H. parasuis were competitive in general. Compared to mono-species biofilm, the biomass, bio-volume, and thickness of mixed-species biofilms were significantly higher, which was confirmed using crystal violet staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Compared to mono-species biofilm, the viable bacteria in the mixed-species biofilms were significantly lower, which was confirmed using the enumeration of colony-forming units (CFU cm-2). The susceptibility of antibiotics in the co-culture decreased in the planktonic state. In contrast, biofilm state bacteria are significantly more difficult to eradicate with antibiotics than in a planktonic state. Whether in planktonic or biofilm state, the expression of virulence genes of S. suis and H. parasuis in mixed culture was very different from that in single culture. Subsequently, by establishing a mixed infection model in mice, we found that the colonization of the two pathogens in organs increased after mixed infection, and altered the host's inflammatory response. In summary, our results indicate that S. suis and H. parasuis compete when co-cultured in vitro. Surprisingly, S. suis and H. parasuis synergistically increased colonization capacity after co-infection in vivo. This study elucidated the interaction between S. suis and H. parasuis during single infections and co-infections. Future studies on bacterial disease control and antibiotic treatment should consider the interaction of mixed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yamin Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Shuji Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Li Yi
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
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Dresen M, Valentin-Weigand P, Berhanu Weldearegay Y. Role of Metabolic Adaptation of Streptococcus suis to Host Niches in Bacterial Fitness and Virulence. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040541. [PMID: 37111427 PMCID: PMC10144218 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, both a common colonizer of the porcine upper respiratory tract and an invasive pig pathogen, successfully adapts to different host environments encountered during infection. Whereas the initial infection mainly occurs via the respiratory tract, in a second step, the pathogen can breach the epithelial barrier and disseminate within the whole body. Thereby, the pathogen reaches other organs such as the heart, the joints, or the brain. In this review, we focus on the role of S. suis metabolism for adaptation to these different in vivo host niches to encounter changes in nutrient availability, host defense mechanisms and competing microbiota. Furthermore, we highlight the close link between S. suis metabolism and virulence. Mutants deficient in metabolic regulators often show an attenuation in infection experiments possibly due to downregulation of virulence factors, reduced resistance to nutritive or oxidative stress and to phagocytic activity. Finally, metabolic pathways as potential targets for new therapeutic strategies are discussed. As antimicrobial resistance in S. suis isolates has increased over the last years, the development of new antibiotics is of utmost importance to successfully fight infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Dresen
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Valentin-Weigand
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany
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10
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Yi L, Fan Q, Wang H, Fan H, Zuo J, Wang Y, Wang Y. Establishment of Streptococcus suis Biofilm Infection Model In Vivo and Comparative Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles between In Vivo and In Vitro Biofilms. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0268622. [PMID: 36507687 PMCID: PMC9927446 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02686-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that continuously threatens animal husbandry and public health worldwide. Studies have shown that S. suis can cause persistent infection by forming biofilms. In this study, a model of S. suis biofilm-related infection was successfully constructed for the first time by simulating the natural infection of S. suis, and biofilm of S. suis in vivo was successfully observed in the lung tissue of infected pigs by a variety of detection methods. Subsequently, selective capture of transcribed sequences (SCOTS) was used to identify genes expressed by S. suis in vivo biofilms. Sixty-nine genes were captured in in vivo biofilms formed by S. suis for the first time by SCOTS; they were mainly involved in metabolism, cell replication, and division, transport, signal transduction, cell wall, etc. Genes related to S. suis in vitro biofilm formation were also identified by SCOTS and RNA sequencing. Approximately half of the genes captured by SCOTS in the in vivo and in vitro biofilms were found to be different. In summary, our study provides powerful clues for future exploration of the mechanisms of S. suis biofilm formation. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus suis is considered an important zoonotic pathogen, and persistent infection caused by biofilm is currently considered to be the reason why S. suis is difficult to control in swine. However, to date, a model of the biofilm of S. suis in vivo has not been successfully constructed. Here, we successfully detected biofilms of S. suis in vivo in lung tissues of piglets infected with S. suis. Selective capture of transcribed sequences and the transcriptome were used to obtain gene profiles of S. suis in vivo and in vitro biofilms, and the results showed large differences between them. Such data are of importance for future experimental studies exploring the mechanism of biofilm formation by S. suis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yi
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Qingying Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Haikun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Haoran Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
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11
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Levipan HA, Irgang R, Opazo LF, Araya-León H, Avendaño-Herrera R. Collective behavior and virulence arsenal of the fish pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis in the biofilm realm. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1067514. [PMID: 36544910 PMCID: PMC9760808 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1067514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Piscirickettsiosis is a fish disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Piscirickettsia salmonis. This disease has a high socio-economic impact on the Chilean salmonid aquaculture industry. The bacterium has a cryptic character in the environment and their main reservoirs are yet unknown. Bacterial biofilms represent a ubiquitous mechanism of cell persistence in diverse natural environments and a risk factor for the pathogenesis of several infectious diseases, but their microbiological significance for waterborne veterinary diseases, including piscirickettsiosis, have seldom been evaluated. This study analyzed the in vitro biofilm behavior of P. salmonis LF-89T (genogroup LF-89) and CA5 (genogroup EM-90) using a multi-method approach and elucidated the potential arsenal of virulence of the P. salmonis LF-89T type strain in its biofilm state. P. salmonis exhibited a quick kinetics of biofilm formation that followed a multi-step and highly strain-dependent process. There were no major differences in enzymatic profiles or significant differences in cytotoxicity (as tested on the Chinook salmon embryo cell line) between biofilm-derived bacteria and planktonic equivalents. The potential arsenal of virulence of P. salmonis LF-89T in biofilms, as determined by whole-transcriptome sequencing and differential gene expression analysis, consisted of genes involved in cell adhesion, polysaccharide biosynthesis, transcriptional regulation, and gene mobility, among others. Importantly, the global gene expression profiles of P. salmonis LF-89T were not enriched with virulence-related genes upregulated in biofilm development stages at 24 and 48 h. An enrichment in virulence-related genes exclusively expressed in biofilms was also undetected. These results indicate that early and mature biofilm development stages of P. salmonis LF-89T were transcriptionally no more virulent than their planktonic counterparts, which was supported by cytotoxic trials, which, in turn, revealed that both modes of growth induced important and very similar levels of cytotoxicity on the salmon cell line. Our results suggest that the aforementioned biofilm development stages do not represent hot spots of virulence compared with planktonic counterparts. This study provides the first transcriptomic catalogue to select specific genes that could be useful to prevent or control the (in vitro and/or in vivo) adherence and/or biofilm formation by P. salmonis and gain further insights into piscirickettsiosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor A. Levipan
- Laboratorio de Ecopatología y Nanobiomateriales, Departamento de Ciencias y Geografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile,Centro de Espectroscopía Atómica y Molecular (ATMOS-C), Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile,*Correspondence: Héctor A. Levipan, ; ; Ruben Avendaño-Herrera, ;
| | - Rute Irgang
- Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - L. Felipe Opazo
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, Chile,Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Henry Araya-León
- Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Ruben Avendaño-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile,Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Universidad Andrés Bello, Quintay, Chile,*Correspondence: Héctor A. Levipan, ; ; Ruben Avendaño-Herrera, ;
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12
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Wu Y, Yu Y, Hua L, Wei Y, Gan Y, Chenia HY, Wang Y, Xie X, Wang J, Liu M, Shao G, Xiong Q, Feng Z. Genotyping and biofilm formation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and their association with virulence. Vet Res 2022; 53:95. [PMCID: PMC9673451 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the causative agent of swine respiratory disease, demonstrates differences in virulence. However, factors associated with this variation remain unknown. We herein evaluated the association between differences in virulence and genotypes as well as phenotype (i.e., biofilm formation ability). Strains 168 L, RM48, XLW-2, and J show low virulence and strains 232, 7448, 7422, 168, NJ, and LH show high virulence, as determined through animal challenge experiments, complemented with in vitro tracheal mucosa infection tests. These 10 strains with known virulence were then subjected to classification via multilocus sequence typing (MLST) with three housekeeping genes, P146-based genotyping, and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) of 13 loci. MLST and P146-based genotyping identified 168, 168 L, NJ, and RM48 as the same type and clustered them in a single branch. MLVA assigned a different sequence type to each strain. Simpson’s index of diversity indicates a higher discriminatory ability for MLVA. However, no statistically significant correlation was found between genotypes and virulence. Furthermore, we investigated the correlation between virulence and biofilm formation ability. The strains showing high virulence demonstrate strong biofilm formation ability, while attenuated strains show low biofilm formation ability. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between biofilm formation ability and virulence. To conclude, there was no association between virulence and our genotyping data, but virulence was found to be significantly associated with the biofilm formation ability of M. hyopneumoniae.
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Nicholson TL, Bayles DO. Comparative virulence and antimicrobial resistance distribution of Streptococcus suis isolates obtained from the United States. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1043529. [PMID: 36439859 PMCID: PMC9687383 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1043529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic bacterial swine pathogen causing substantial economic and health burdens to the pork industry worldwide. Most S. suis genome sequences available in public databases are from isolates obtained outside the United States. We sequenced the genomes of 106 S. suis isolates from the U.S. and analyzed them to identify their potential to function as zoonotic agents and/or reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) dissemination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of S. suis isolates obtained within the U.S., for the purpose of screening for genomic elements encoding AMR and any factors that could increase or contribute to the capacity of S. suis to transmit, colonize, and/or cause disease in humans. Forty-six sequence types (STs) were identified with ST28 observed as the most prevalent, followed by ST87. Of the 23 different serotypes identified, serotype 2 was the most prevalent, followed by serotype 8 and 3. Of the virulence genes analyzed, the highest nucleotide diversity was observed in sadP, mrp, and ofs. Tetracycline resistance was the most prevalent phenotypic antimicrobial resistance observed followed by macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance. Numerous AMR elements were identified, many located within MGE sequences, with the highest frequency observed for ble, tetO and ermB. No genes encoding factors known to contribute to the transmission, colonization, and/or causation of disease in humans were identified in any of the S. suis genomes in this study. This includes the 89 K pathogenicity island carried by the virulent S. suis isolates responsible for human infections. Collectively, the data reported here provide a comprehensive evaluation of the genetic diversity among U.S. S. suis isolates. This study also serves as a baseline for determining any potential risks associated with occupational exposure to these bacteria, while also providing data needed to address public health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L. Nicholson
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service (USDA), Ames, IA, United States
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14
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Cheng Y, Zhang S, Zhang C, Mi X, Zhang W, Wang L, Liu W, Jiang Y. Escherichia coli O157:H7 is challenged by the presence of Pseudomonas, but successfully co-existed in dual-species microbial communities. Food Microbiol 2022; 106:104034. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations of Amoxicillin and Tylosin Affect the Biofilm Formation and Virulence of Streptococcus suis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148359. [PMID: 35886209 PMCID: PMC9317536 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) can form a protective biofilm during infection and lead to prolonged disease. Oral antibiotics are often used for treatment in clinical practice, but sub-inhibitory concentration levels often exist due to low oral absorption rate, resulting in disease deterioration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Amoxicillin and Tylosin on the biofilm formation and virulence of S. suis HA9801 at sub-inhibitory concentration. We first determined that the test groups (1/4MIC Amoxicillin and Tylosin) could significantly increase the amount of biofilm formation without affecting bacterial growth. The LD50 value of the test groups was significantly higher than that of the control group in the mouse infection model. In the mouse infection model, the LD50 value of the experimental group was significantly increased, but the tissue bacterial load was significantly decreased. Further RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of virulence-related genes in the experimental group were significantly reduced. Our study suggests that both Amoxicillin and Tylosin at sub-inhibitory concentrations could enhance the biofilm formation ability of S. suis HA9801 and reduce its virulence to form persistent infection.
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Wang Y, Sun L, Hu L, Wang Z, Wang X, Dong Q. Adhesion and kinetics of biofilm formation and related gene expression of Listeria monocytogenes in response to nutritional stress. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Fan Q, Zuo J, Wang H, Grenier D, Yi L, Wang Y. Contribution of quorum sensing to virulence and antibiotic resistance in zoonotic bacteria. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107965. [PMID: 35487393 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS), which is a key part of cell/cell communication, is widely distributed in microorganisms, especially in bacteria. Bacteria can produce and detect the presence of QS signal molecule, perceive the composition and density of microorganisms in their complex habitat, and then dynamically regulate their own gene expression to adapt to their environment. Among the many traits controlled by QS in pathogenic bacteria is the expression of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. Many pathogenic bacteria rely on QS to govern the production of virulence factors and express drug-resistance, especially in zoonotic bacteria. The threat of antibiotic resistant zoonotic bacteria has called for alternative antimicrobial strategies that would mitigate the increase of classical resistance mechanism. Targeting QS has proven to be a promising alternative to conventional antibiotic for controlling infections. Here we review the QS systems in common zoonotic pathogenic bacteria and outline how QS may control the virulence and antibiotic resistance of zoonotic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Haikun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale (GREB), Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Li Yi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China; College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China.
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18
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Proteomic analysis of the periodontal pathogen Prevotella intermedia secretomes in biofilm and planktonic lifestyles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5636. [PMID: 35379855 PMCID: PMC8980031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevotella intermedia is an important species associated with periodontitis. Despite the remarkable clinical significance, little is known about the molecular basis for its virulence. The aim of this study was to characterize the secretome of P. intermedia in biofilm and planktonic life mode. The biofilm secretome showed 109 proteins while the planktonic secretome showed 136 proteins. The biofilm and the planktonic secretomes contained 17 and 33 signal-peptide bearing proteins, 13 and 18 lipoproteins, respectively. Superoxide reductase, sensor histidine kinase, C40 family peptidase, elongation factor Tu, threonine synthase etc. were unique to biofilm. Of the ~ 30 proteins with predicted virulence potential from biofilm and planktonic secretomes, only 6 were common between the two groups, implying large differences between biofilm and planktonic modes of P. intermedia. From Gene Ontology biofilm secretome displayed a markedly higher percent proteins compared to planktonic secretome in terms of cellular amino acid metabolic process, nitrogen compound metabolic process etc. Inflammatory cytokine profile analysis revealed that only the biofilm secretome, not the planktonic one, induced important cytokines such as MIP-1α/MIP-1β, IL-1β, and IL-8. In conclusion, the revealed differences in the protein profiles of P. intermedia biofilm and planktonic secretomes may trigger further questions about molecular mechanisms how this species exerts its virulence potential in the oral cavity.
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19
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Castledine M, Padfield D, Sierocinski P, Soria Pascual J, Hughes A, Mäkinen L, Friman VP, Pirnay JP, Merabishvili M, de Vos D, Buckling A. Parallel evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage resistance and virulence loss in response to phage treatment in vivo and in vitro. eLife 2022; 11:73679. [PMID: 35188102 PMCID: PMC8912922 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
With rising antibiotic resistance, there has been increasing interest in treating pathogenic bacteria with bacteriophages (phage therapy). One limitation of phage therapy is the ease at which bacteria can evolve resistance. Negative effects of resistance may be mitigated when resistance results in reduced bacterial growth and virulence, or when phage coevolves to overcome resistance. Resistance evolution and its consequences are contingent on the bacteria-phage combination and their environmental context, making therapeutic outcomes hard to predict. One solution might be to conduct ‘in vitro evolutionary simulations’ using bacteria-phage combinations from the therapeutic context. Overall, our aim was to investigate parallels between in vitro experiments and in vivo dynamics in a human participant. Evolutionary dynamics were similar, with high levels of resistance evolving quickly with limited evidence of phage evolution. Resistant bacteria—evolved in vitro and in vivo—had lower virulence. In vivo, this was linked to lower growth rates of resistant isolates, whereas in vitro phage resistant isolates evolved greater biofilm production. Population sequencing suggests resistance resulted from selection on de novo mutations rather than sorting of existing variants. These results highlight the speed at which phage resistance can evolve in vivo, and how in vitro experiments may give useful insights for clinical evolutionary outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan Castledine
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Padfield
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Pawel Sierocinski
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Jesica Soria Pascual
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Hughes
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Lotta Mäkinen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jean-Paul Pirnay
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maya Merabishvili
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel de Vos
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Angus Buckling
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
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20
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Zhou Y, Yu F, Chen M, Zhang Y, Qu Q, Wei Y, Xie C, Wu T, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Chen X, Dong C, Che R, Li Y. Tylosin Inhibits Streptococcus suis Biofilm Formation by Interacting With the O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase B CysM. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:829899. [PMID: 35155655 PMCID: PMC8832016 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.829899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) can decrease its virulence or modify local conditions through biofilm formation, which promotes infection persistence in vivo. Biofilm formation is an important cause of chronic drug-resistant S. suis infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether tylosin effectively inhibits S. suis biofilm formation by interacting with O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase B (CysM), a key enzymatic regulator of cysteine synthesis. Biofilm formation of the mutant (ΔcysM) strain was significantly lower compared to the wild-type ATCC 700794 strain. Tylosin inhibited cysM gene expression, decreased extracellular matrix contents, and reduced cysteine, homocysteine, and S-adenosylmethionine levels, indicating its potential value as an effective inhibitor of S. suis biofilm formation. Furthermore, using biolayer interferometry technology and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, we found that tylosin and CysM could be combined directly. Overall, these results provide evidence that tylosin inhibits S. suis biofilm formation by interacting with CysM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Zhou
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuefeng Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qianwei Qu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanru Wei
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunmei Xie
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueying Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunliu Dong
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruixiang Che
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- *Correspondence: Ruixiang Che
| | - Yanhua Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Yanhua Li
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21
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Niazy M, Hill S, Nadeem K, Ricker N, Farzan A. Compositional analysis of the tonsil microbiota in relationship to Streptococcus suis disease in nursery pigs in Ontario. Anim Microbiome 2022; 4:10. [PMID: 35063043 PMCID: PMC8780311 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-022-00162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tonsil of the soft palate in pigs is the colonization site of both commensal and pathogenic microbial agents. Streptococcus suis infections are a significant economic problem in the swine industry. The development of S. suis disease remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to identify whether the tonsillar microbiota profile in nursery pigs is altered with S. suis disease. Here, the dynamics of the tonsillar microbiota from 20 healthy pigs and 43 diseased pigs with S. suis clinical signs was characterized. RESULTS Based on the presence or absence of S. suis in the systemic sites, diseased pigs were classified into confirmed (n = 20) or probable (n = 23) group, respectively. Microbiota composition was assessed using the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA, and results were analyzed to identify the diversity of the tonsillar microbiota. The taxonomic composition of the tonsil microbiota proved to be highly diverse between individuals, and the results showed statistically significant microbial community structure among the diagnosis groups. The confirmed group had the lowest observed species richness while the probable group had higher phylogenetics diversity level compared to the healthy group. Un-weighted Unifrac also demonstrated that the probable group had a higher beta diversity than both the healthy and the confirmed group. A Dirichlet-multinomial mixture (DMM) model-based clustering method partitioned the tonsil microbiota into two distinct community types that did not correspond with disease status. However, there was an association between Streptococcus suis serotype 2 and DMM community type 1 (p = 0.03). ANCOM-BC identified 24 Streptococcus amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) that were differentially abundant between the DMM community types. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the structure and membership of the tonsil microbiota in nursery pigs and uncovers differences and similarities across varying S. suis disease status. While the overall abundance of Streptococcus was not different among the diagnosis groups, the unique profile of DMM community type 1 and the observed correlation with S. suis serotype 2 could provide insight into potential tonsillar microbiota involvement in S. suis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa Niazy
- Bioinformatics Program, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Hill
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Khurram Nadeem
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Engineering and Physical Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nicole Ricker
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Abdolvahab Farzan
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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22
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Hu Q, Yao L, Liao X, Zhang LS, Li HT, Li TT, Jiang QG, Tan MF, Li L, Draheim RR, Huang Q, Zhou R. Comparative Phenotypic, Proteomic, and Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals Different Roles of Serine/Threonine Phosphatase and Kinase in the Growth, Cell Division, and Pathogenicity of Streptococcus suis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122442. [PMID: 34946045 PMCID: PMC8707513 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryote-like serine/threonine kinases (STKs) and cognate phosphatases (STPs) comprise an important regulatory system in many bacterial pathogens. The complexity of this regulatory system has not been fully understood due to the presence of multiple STKs/STPs in many bacteria and their multiple substrates involved in many different physiological and pathogenetic processes. Streptococci are the best materials for the study due to a single copy of the gene encoding STK and its cognate STP. Although several studies have been done to investigate the roles of STK and STP in zoonotic Streptococcus suis, respectively, few studies were performed on the coordinated regulatory roles of this system. In this study, we carried out a systemic study on STK/STP in S. suis by using a comparative phenotypic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic analysis. Mouse infection assays revealed that STK played a much more important role in S. suis pathogenesis than STP. The ∆stk and ∆stp∆stk strains, but not ∆stp, showed severe growth retardation. Moreover, both ∆stp and ∆stk strains displayed defects in cell division, but they were abnormal in different ways. The comparative proteomics and phosphoproteomics revealed that deletion of stk or stp had a significant influence on protein expression. Interestingly, more virulence factors were found to be downregulated in ∆stk than ∆stp. In ∆stk strain, a substantial number of the proteins with a reduced phosphorylation level were involved in cell division, energy metabolism, and protein translation. However, only a few proteins showed increased phosphorylation in ∆stp, which also included some proteins related to cell division. Collectively, our results show that both STP and STK are critical regulatory proteins for S. suis and that STK seems to play more important roles in growth, cell division, and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.H.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (L.-S.Z.); (H.-T.L.); (T.-T.L.); (Q.-G.J.); (L.L.)
| | - Lun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.H.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (L.-S.Z.); (H.-T.L.); (T.-T.L.); (Q.-G.J.); (L.L.)
| | - Xia Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.H.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (L.-S.Z.); (H.-T.L.); (T.-T.L.); (Q.-G.J.); (L.L.)
| | - Liang-Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.H.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (L.-S.Z.); (H.-T.L.); (T.-T.L.); (Q.-G.J.); (L.L.)
| | - Hao-Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.H.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (L.-S.Z.); (H.-T.L.); (T.-T.L.); (Q.-G.J.); (L.L.)
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.H.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (L.-S.Z.); (H.-T.L.); (T.-T.L.); (Q.-G.J.); (L.L.)
| | - Qing-Gen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.H.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (L.-S.Z.); (H.-T.L.); (T.-T.L.); (Q.-G.J.); (L.L.)
| | - Mei-Fang Tan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China;
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.H.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (L.-S.Z.); (H.-T.L.); (T.-T.L.); (Q.-G.J.); (L.L.)
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Roger R. Draheim
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2UP, UK;
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.H.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (L.-S.Z.); (H.-T.L.); (T.-T.L.); (Q.-G.J.); (L.L.)
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (Q.H.); (R.Z.)
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.H.); (L.Y.); (X.L.); (L.-S.Z.); (H.-T.L.); (T.-T.L.); (Q.-G.J.); (L.L.)
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (Q.H.); (R.Z.)
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23
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Evaluation of immune effect of Streptococcus suis biofilm-associated protein PDH. Vet Microbiol 2021; 263:109270. [PMID: 34749282 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As a zoonotic pathogen, Streptococcus suis(S. suis) takes pigs as the main host and is mainly colonizes in the upper respiratory tract and tonsil of pigs, causing septicemia, endocarditis and meningitis in pigs. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. As an immunogenic membrane-associated protein in S. suis, it has been found to be closely related to the formation of biofilm. In this study, the recombinant PDH (rPDH) of S. suis ZY05719 (serotype 2) was expressed and purified in E. coli by His affinity chromatography. Western blotting analysis showed that there was a strong specific reaction between PDH protein and PDH antiserum. Mice were immunized with recombinant PDH and inactivated bacteria, and the relative survival rates were 70 % and 60 %, respectively. In addition, mice immunized with PDH caused high levels of antibodies and high expression of immune-related genes in the spleen, which significantly protected the liver, brain and spleen from pathological damage. In addition, PDH antiserum could significantly inhibit the growth of S. suis and the formation of S. suis biofilm in vitro. These results further suggest that PDH is a promising candidate for S. suis biofilm-related subunit vaccine.
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24
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Antipathogenic Compounds That Are Effective at Very Low Concentrations and Have Both Antibiofilm and Antivirulence Effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0024921. [PMID: 34494853 PMCID: PMC8557914 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00249-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a human pathogen, causes both acute and chronic infections that are mediated by virulence factor production and biofilm formation. Since both characteristics of P. aeruginosa are regulated by quorum sensing (QS), we screened 126 synthetic chemicals for anti-QS activity and finally selected the compounds that have both antivirulence and antibiofilm activities. To efficiently screen the chemical library, the following reporter-based bioassay systems were used: the QS- or biofilm-specific promoter-lacZ fusions (lasIp- or PA1897p-lacZ for the QS activity and cdrAp-lacZ for measuring the intracellular c-di-GMP levels). We also measured the production of virulence factors and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa. A small-animal infection model using mealworms was also used for virulence analysis. From this screening, MHY1383 and MHY1387 were found to have both antivirulence and antibiofilm activities in P. aeruginosa. Most importantly, MHY1383 and MHY1387 exhibited these activities at very low concentrations, showing a significant anti-QS effect at 100 pM and an antibiofilm effect at 1 to 10 pM. By treating P. aeruginosa with these compounds, the virulence factor production and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa were significantly reduced. These compounds can be developed as promising antipathogenic and antibiofilm drugs that can be applied in situations where such compounds must be used in an extremely low concentration. Our findings also offer a significant advantage for developing therapeutic agents with few adverse side effects. IMPORTANCE Many antibiotics are increasingly losing their efficacy due to antibiotic resistance mediated by biofilm formation. In this study, we screened a synthetic chemical library and discovered several compounds that have both antivirulence and antibiofilm effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a notorious human pathogen. Two of them had these effects at extremely low concentrations and are expected not to develop resistance, unlike conventional antibiotics, because they have no effect on the growth of bacteria. Our results strongly suggest that these compounds act on the target in a noncompetitive manner, indicating that they are distinct from other previously known quorum sensing inhibitors or biofilm inhibitors. Our findings offer a significant advantage for developing therapeutic agents with few adverse side effects.
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25
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Nicholson TL, Waack U, Anderson TK, Bayles DO, Zaia SR, Goertz I, Eppinger M, Hau SJ, Brockmeier SL, Shore SM. Comparative Virulence and Genomic Analysis of Streptococcus suis Isolates. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:620843. [PMID: 33574803 PMCID: PMC7870872 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.620843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic bacterial swine pathogen causing substantial economic and health burdens to the pork industry. Mechanisms used by S. suis to colonize and cause disease remain unknown and vaccines and/or intervention strategies currently do not exist. Studies addressing virulence mechanisms used by S. suis have been complicated because different isolates can cause a spectrum of disease outcomes ranging from lethal systemic disease to asymptomatic carriage. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the virulence capacity of nine United States S. suis isolates following intranasal challenge in swine and then perform comparative genomic analyses to identify genomic attributes associated with swine-virulent phenotypes. No correlation was found between the capacity to cause disease in swine and the functional characteristics of genome size, serotype, sequence type (ST), or in vitro virulence-associated phenotypes. A search for orthologs found in highly virulent isolates and not found in non-virulent isolates revealed numerous predicted protein coding sequences specific to each category. While none of these predicted protein coding sequences have been previously characterized as potential virulence factors, this analysis does provide a reliable one-to-one assignment of specific genes of interest that could prove useful in future allelic replacement and/or functional genomic studies. Collectively, this report provides a framework for future allelic replacement and/or functional genomic studies investigating genetic characteristics underlying the spectrum of disease outcomes caused by S. suis isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Nicholson
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ursula Waack
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Tavis K Anderson
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Darrell O Bayles
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sam R Zaia
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Isaiah Goertz
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Mark Eppinger
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Samantha J Hau
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Susan L Brockmeier
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sarah M Shore
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
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26
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Lee SW, Phillips KS, Gu H, Kazemzadeh-Narbat M, Ren D. How microbes read the map: Effects of implant topography on bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120595. [PMID: 33360301 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microbes have remarkable capabilities to attach to the surface of implanted medical devices and form biofilms that adversely impact device function and increase the risk of multidrug-resistant infections. The physicochemical properties of biomaterials have long been known to play an important role in biofilm formation. More recently, a series of discoveries in the natural world have stimulated great interest in the use of 3D surface topography to engineer antifouling materials that resist bacterial colonization. There is also increasing evidence that some medical device surface topographies, such as those designed for tissue integration, may unintentionally promote microbial attachment. Despite a number of reviews on surface topography and biofilm control, there is a missing link between how bacteria sense and respond to 3D surface topographies and the rational design of antifouling materials. Motivated by this gap, we present a review of how bacteria interact with surface topographies, and what can be learned from current laboratory studies of microbial adhesion and biofilm formation on specific topographic features and medical devices. We also address specific biocompatibility considerations and discuss how to improve the assessment of the anti-biofilm performance of topographic surfaces. We conclude that 3D surface topography, whether intended or unintended, is an important consideration in the rational design of safe medical devices. Future research on next-generation smart antifouling materials could benefit from a greater focus on translation to real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Lee
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, United States; Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, United States
| | - K Scott Phillips
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Office of Medical Products and Tobacco, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, United States.
| | - Huan Gu
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, United States; Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, United States
| | - Mehdi Kazemzadeh-Narbat
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Office of Medical Products and Tobacco, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Product Evaluation and Quality, Office of Health Technology 6, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, United States; Musculoskeletal Clinical Regulatory Advisers (MCRA), Washington DC, 20001, United States
| | - Dacheng Ren
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, United States; Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, United States; Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, United States.
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27
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Liu B, Wang S, Li J, Gong S, Sun L, Yi L. pdh modulate virulence through reducing stress tolerance and biofilm formation of Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Virulence 2020; 10:588-599. [PMID: 31232165 PMCID: PMC6592368 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1631661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2) is a zoonotic pathogen. It causes meningitis, arthritis, pneumonia and sepsis in pigs, leading to extremely high mortality, which seriously affects public health and the development of the pig industry. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is an important sugar metabolism enzyme that is widely present in microorganisms, mammals and higher plants. It catalyzes the irreversible oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and reduces NAD+ to NADH. In this study, we found that the virulence of the S. suis ZY05719 sequence type 7 pdh deletion strain (Δpdh) was significantly lower than the wild-type strain (WT) in the mouse infection model. The distribution of viable bacteria in the blood and organs of mice infected with the Δpdh was significantly lower than those infected with WT. Bacterial survival rates were reduced in response to temperature stress, salt stress and oxidative stress. Additionally, compared to WT, the ability to adhere to and invade PK15 cells, biofilm formation and stress resistance of Δpdh were significantly reduced. Moreover, real-time PCR results showed that pdh deletion reduced the expression of multiple adhesion-related genes. However, there was no significant difference in the correlation biological analysis between the complemented strain (CΔpdh) and WT. Moreover, the survival rate of Δpdh in RAW264.7 macrophages was significantly lower than that of the WT strain. This study shows that PDH is involved in the pathogenesis of S. suis 2 and reduction in virulence of Δpdh may be related to the decreased ability to resist stress of the strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , China.,b Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang , Luoyang , China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , China
| | - Baobao Liu
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- c Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Jinpeng Li
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , China
| | - Shenglong Gong
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , China
| | - Liyun Sun
- a College of Animal Science and Technology , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , China.,b Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang , Luoyang , China
| | - Li Yi
- d College of Life Science , Luoyang Normal University , Luoyang , China
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28
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Autoinducer-2 influences tetracycline resistance in Streptococcus suis by regulating the tet(M) gene via transposon Tn916. Res Vet Sci 2019; 128:269-274. [PMID: 31837515 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The concern over increasing resistance to tetracyclines (TCs), such as tetracycline and chlortetracycline, necessitates exploration of new approaches to combating infection in antimicrobial therapy. Given that bacteria use the chemical language of autoinducer 2 (AI-2) signaling molecules in order to communicate and regulate group behaviors, we asked whether the AI-2 signaling influence the tetracyclines antibiotics susceptibility in S. suis. Our present work demonstrated that MIC increased when exogenous AI-2 was added, when compared to the wild type strain. When grown in the presence of sub-MIC of antibiotics, it has been shown that exogenous AI-2 increases growth rate and biofilm formation. These results suggest that the TCs resistance in S. suis could involve a signaling mechanism. Base on the above observations, transcriptomic analyses showed significant differences in the expression of tet(M) of tetracyclines resistance genes, as well as differences in Tn916 transposon related genes transcription, as judged by RT-PCR. Our results provide strong evidence that AI-2 signaling molecules is may involve in TCs antibiotic resistance in S. suis by regulating tet(M) gene via Tn916 transposon. This study may suggest that targeting AI-2 signaling in bacteria could represent an alternative approach in antimicrobial therapy.
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29
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Regulatory Mechanisms of the LuxS/AI-2 System and Bacterial Resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.01186-19. [PMID: 31383657 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01186-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The quorum-sensing (QS) system is an intercellular cell-cell communication mechanism that controls the expression of genes involved in a variety of cellular processes and that plays critical roles in the adaption and survival of bacteria in their environment. The LuxS/AI-2 QS system, which uses AI-2 (autoinducer-2) as a signal molecule, has been identified in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. As one of the important global regulatory networks in bacteria, it responds to fluctuations in the numbers of bacteria and regulates the expression of a number of genes, thus affecting cell behavior. We summarize here the known relationships between the LuxS/AI-2 system and drug resistance, discuss the inhibition of LuxS/AI-2 system as an approach to prevent bacterial resistance, and present new strategies for the treatment of drug-resistant pathogens.
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30
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Khelissa SO, Abdallah M, Jama C, Barras A, Chihib NE. Comparative Study on the Impact of Growth Conditions on the Physiology and the Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm and Planktonic Cells. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1357-1363. [PMID: 31313963 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to study and compare the effect of growth temperature (20, 30, and 37°C) and surface type (stainless steel and polycarbonate) on the production of virulence factors, such as proteases and siderophores, and the risk of surface contamination associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm and planktonic cells. The increase of growth temperature from 20 to 37°C increased (approximately twofold) the electronegative charge and the hydrophobicity of the P. aeruginosa biofilm cell surface. P. aeruginosa biofilm cell adhesion to stainless steel and polycarbonate was 5- and 1.5-fold higher than their planktonic counterparts at 20 and 30°C, respectively. The increase of growth temperature from 20 to 37°C increased the production of proteases (twofold) and siderophores (twofold) and the cytotoxicity (up to 30-fold) against the HeLa cell line in the supernatants of P. aeruginosa planktonic and biofilm cultures. This study also highlighted that biofilm and planktonic P. aeruginosa cells exhibited distinct physiological properties with respect to the production of virulence factors and the cytotoxicity against the Hela cell line. Therefore, effective disinfection procedures should be adapted to inactivate bacteria detached from biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Oussama Khelissa
- 1 Universite´ de Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL), Unités Mixtes de Recherche (UMR) 8207-Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET)-Processus aux Interfaces et Hygiène des Matériaux (PIHM), 59000 Lille, France
| | - Marwan Abdallah
- 1 Universite´ de Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL), Unités Mixtes de Recherche (UMR) 8207-Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET)-Processus aux Interfaces et Hygiène des Matériaux (PIHM), 59000 Lille, France
| | - Charafeddine Jama
- 2 Universite´ de Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, UMR 8207-UMET-ISP (Inge´nierie des Syste`me Polyme`res), 59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Barras
- 3 Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Institut Supérieur de l'Électronique et du Numérique (ISEN), Université de Valenciennes, UMR 8520-Institut d' Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), 59000 Lille, France
| | - Nour-Eddine Chihib
- 1 Universite´ de Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL), Unités Mixtes de Recherche (UMR) 8207-Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET)-Processus aux Interfaces et Hygiène des Matériaux (PIHM), 59000 Lille, France
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31
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Wang Y, Liu B, Li J, Gong S, Dong X, Mao C, Yi L. LuxS/AI-2 system is involved in fluoroquinolones susceptibility in Streptococcus suis through overexpression of efflux pump SatAB. Vet Microbiol 2019; 233:154-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Co-regulation of CodY and (p)ppGpp synthetases on morphology and pathogenesis of Streptococcus suis. Microbiol Res 2019; 223-225:88-98. [PMID: 31178056 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CodY and (p)ppGpp synthetases are two important global regulators of bacteria. In some pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes, the GTP pool links these two regulatory systems, and introducing a codY mutant into the ΔrelA strain restored the pathogenicity of the attenuated ΔrelA mutant. In previous studies, we identified the (p)ppGpp synthetases (RelA and RelQ) and CodY of Streptococcus suis. To understand the interrelationships between these two regulators in S. suis, a ΔrelAΔrelQΔcodY mutant was constructed, and its growth, morphology, and pathogenicity were evaluated. Compared with ΔrelAΔrelQ, ΔcodY, its growth was very slow, but its chain length was partly restored to the wild-type length and its capsule became thick and rough. The adherence, invasion ability, and resistance to whole-blood killing in vitro of ΔrelAΔrelQΔcodY and its lethality and colonization ability in mice were clearly reduced, which differs from the effects of these mutations in L. monocytogenes. An analysis of gene expression showed that CodY interacted with the relA promoter in a GTP-independent manner to positively regulate the expression of relA. The introduction of a codY mutant into the ΔrelAΔrelQ strain further reduced the expression of virulence factors, which suggests a novel interaction between the (p)ppGpp synthetases and CodY. This study extends our understanding of the relationship between the (p)ppGpp-mediated stringent response and the regulation of CodY in S. suis.
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33
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Liu C, Diao Y, Wang D, Chen H, Tang Y, Diao Y. Duck viral infection escalated the incidence of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:929-938. [PMID: 30576089 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes high mortality in poultry flocks and often is complicated with viral infections, leading to large economic losses; however, little information is available on the epidemiological characteristics of this pathogen in ducks. Therefore, a systemic epidemiological investigation was performed on 325 duck farms from 13 provinces in China during the period of 1 April 2016 until 31 March 2018, covering 2 years. A total of 26 APEC strains were isolated from different farms in this study, and analysis showed that all of those isolates carried multiple virulence-associated genes and drug-resistance genes, which led to high pathogenicity (15/26), strong or moderate biofilm formation (24/26) and multidrug-resistant abilities (26/26). On the other hand, coinfection with APEC, H9 avian influenza virus (AIV) and Tembusu virus (TMUV) was very common on those farms (11/26), with APEC and TMUV sharing a similar morbidity peak (from May to September) and susceptibility (60% infections occurred in ducklings); thus, we speculated that the emerging TMUV infection escalated the APEC incidence in ducks. Finally, the data presented in this report enhance the current understanding of the epidemiology of APEC and different viral infections in ducks and provide additional insight into the critical factors that determine their pathogenicity. Meanwhile, the emergence of multidrug-resistant APEC strains and their coinfection with different viruses emphasize that preventive measures against such infections on poultry farms should be implemented immediately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Youjiang Diao
- Shandong Agricultural and Engineering University, Shandong, China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of life sciences, Qufu Normal University, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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34
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Faulds-Pain A, Shaw HA, Terra VS, Kellner S, Brockmeier SL, Wren BW. The Streptococcos suis sortases SrtB and SrtF are essential for disease in pigs. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2018; 165:163-173. [PMID: 30543506 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The porcine pathogen Streptococcus suis colonizes the upper respiratory tracts of pigs, potentially causing septicaemia, meningitis and death, thus placing a severe burden on the agricultural industry worldwide. It is also a zoonotic pathogen that is known to cause systemic infections and meningitis in humans. Understanding how S. suis colonizes and interacts with its hosts is relevant for future strategies of drug and vaccine development. As with other Gram-positive bacteria, S. suis utilizes enzymes known as sortases to attach specific proteins bearing cell wall sorting signals to its surface, where they can play a role in host-pathogen interactions. The surface proteins of bacteria are often important in adhesion to and invasion of host cells. In this study, markerless in-frame deletion mutants of the housekeeping sortase srtA and the two pilus-associated sortases, srtB and srtF, were generated and their importance in S. suis infections was investigated. We found that all three of these sortases are essential to disease in pigs, concluding that their cognate-sorted proteins may also be useful in protecting pigs against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Faulds-Pain
- 1Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Helen Alexandra Shaw
- 1Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.,‡Present address: National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), South Mimms, Potters Bar, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Vanessa Sofia Terra
- 1Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Steven Kellner
- 2USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
| | - Susan L Brockmeier
- 2USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease Center, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA
| | - Brendan W Wren
- 1Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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Kim SK, Park SJ, Li XH, Choi YS, Im DS, Lee JH. Bacterial ornithine lipid, a surrogate membrane lipid under phosphate-limiting conditions, plays important roles in bacterial persistence and interaction with host. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:3992-4008. [PMID: 30252196 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ornithine lipids (OLs) are bacteria-specific lipids that are found in the outer membrane of Gram (-) bacteria and increase as surrogates of phospholipids under phosphate-limited environmental conditions. We investigated the effects of OL increase in bacterial membranes on pathogen virulence and the host immune response. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we increased OL levels in membranes by overexpressing the OL-synthesizing operon (olsBA). These increases changed the bacterial surface charge and hydrophobicity, which reduced bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), interfered with the binding of macrophages to bacterial cells and enhanced bacterial biofilm formation. When grown under low phosphate conditions, P. aeruginosa became more persistent in the treatment of antibiotics and AMPs in an olsBA-dependent manner. While OLs increased persistence, they attenuated P. aeruginosa virulence; in host cells, they reduced the production of inflammatory factors (iNOS, COX-2, PGE2 and nitric oxide) and increased intracellular Ca2+ release. Exogenously added OL had similar effects on P. aeruginosa and host cells. Our results suggest that bacterial OL plays important roles in bacteria-host interaction in a way that enhances bacterial persistence and develops chronic adaptation to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, South Korea
| | - Xi-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, South Korea
| | - Yu-Sang Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, South Korea
| | - Dong-Soon Im
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, South Korea
| | - Joon-Hee Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, South Korea
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36
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Streptococcus suis biofilm: regulation, drug-resistance mechanisms, and disinfection strategies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9121-9129. [PMID: 30209548 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9356-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a major swine pathogen and an important zoonotic agent. Like most pathogens, the ability of S. suis to form biofilms plays a significant role in its virulence and drug resistance. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in biofilm formation by S. suis as well as of the methods to efficiently remove and kill biofilm-embedded bacteria can be of high interest for the prevention and treatment of S. suis infections. The aim of this literature review is to update our current knowledge of S. suis biofilm formation, regulatory mechanisms, drug-resistance mechanisms, and disinfection strategies.
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Pompilio A, Crocetta V, Savini V, Petrelli D, Di Nicola M, Bucco S, Amoroso L, Bonomini M, Di Bonaventura G. Phylogenetic relationships, biofilm formation, motility, antibiotic resistance and extended virulence genotypes among Escherichia coli strains from women with community-onset primitive acute pyelonephritis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196260. [PMID: 29758033 PMCID: PMC5951556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work set out to search for a virulence repertoire distinctive for Escherichia coli causing primitive acute pyelonephritis (APN). To this end, the virulence potential of 18 E. coli APN strains was genotypically and phenotypically assessed, comparatively with 19 strains causing recurrent cystitis (RC), and 16 clinically not significant (control, CO) strains. Most of the strains belong to phylogenetic group B1 (69.8%; p<0.01), and APN strains showed unique features, which are the presence of phylogroup A, and the absence of phylogroup B2 and non-typeable strains. Overall, the most dominant virulence factor genes (VFGs) were ecpA and fyuA (92.4 and 86.7%, respectively; p<0.05), and the mean number of VFGs was significantly higher in uropathogenic strains. Particularly, papAH and malX were exclusive for uropathogenic strains. APN and RC strains showed a significantly higher prevalence of fyuA, usp, and malX than of CO strains. Compared to RC strains, APN ones showed a higher prevalence of iha, but a lower prevalence of iroN, cnf1, and kpsMT-II. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed a higher proportion of two gene clusters (malX and usp, and fyuA and ecpA) were detected in the APN and RC groups than in CO, whereas iutA and iha clusters were detected more frequently in APN strains. The motility level did not differ among the study-groups and phylogroups considered, although a higher proportion of swarming strains was observed in APN strains. Antibiotic-resistance rates were generally low except for ampicillin (37.7%), and were not associated with specific study- or phylogenetic groups. APN and RC strains produced more biofilm than CO strains. In APN strains, iha was associated with higher biofilm biomass formation, whereas iroN and KpSMT-K1 were associated with a lower amount of biofilm biomass. Further work is needed to grasp the virulence and fitness mechanisms adopted by E. coli causing APN, and hence develop new therapeutic and prophylactic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pompilio
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Valentina Crocetta
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Savini
- "Spirito Santo" Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Pescara, Italy
| | - Dezemona Petrelli
- School of Pharmacy, Microbiology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Bucco
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Amoroso
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Bonomini
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Li YH, Zhou YH, Ren YZ, Xu CG, Liu X, Liu B, Chen JQ, Ding WY, Zhao YL, Yang YB, Wang S, Liu D. Inhibition of Streptococcus suis Adhesion and Biofilm Formation in Vitro by Water Extracts of Rhizoma Coptidis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:371. [PMID: 29713285 PMCID: PMC5911698 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is difficult to treat and responsible for various infections in humans and pigs. It can also form biofilms and induce persistent infections. Rhizoma Coptidis is a medicinal plant widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Although the inhibitory effects of Rhizoma Coptidis on biofilm formation have been investigated in several studies, the ability of Rhizoma Coptidis to inhibit S. suis biofilm formation and the underlying mechanisms have not yet been reported. In this study, we showed that sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (25 and 50 μg mL-1) of water extracts of Rhizoma Coptidis (Coptis deltoidea C.Y.Cheng & P.K.Hsiao, obtained from Sichuan Province) were sufficient to inhibit biofilm formation, as shown in the tissue culture plate (TCP) method and scanning electron microscopy. Real-time PCR and iTRAQ were used to measure gene and protein expression in S. suis. Sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (25 and 50 μg mL-1) of Rhizoma Coptidis water extracts inhibited S. suis adhesion significantly in an anti-adherence assay. Some genes, such as gapdh, sly, and mrp, and proteins, such as antigen-like protein, CPS16V, and methyltransferase H, involved in adhesion were significantly modulated in cells treated with 50 μg mL-1 of Rhizoma Coptidis water extracts compared to untreated cells. The results from this study suggest that compounds in Rhizoma Coptidis water extracts play an important role in inhibiting adhesion of S. suis cells and, therefore, biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Hui Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Zhi Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Chang-Geng Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Jian-Qing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Wen-Ya Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Bei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Di Liu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Vötsch D, Willenborg M, Weldearegay YB, Valentin-Weigand P. Streptococcus suis - The "Two Faces" of a Pathobiont in the Porcine Respiratory Tract. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:480. [PMID: 29599763 PMCID: PMC5862822 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus (S.) suis is a frequent early colonizer of the upper respiratory tract of pigs. In fact, it is difficult to find S. suis-free animals under natural conditions, showing the successful adaptation of this pathogen to its porcine reservoir host. On the other hand, S. suis can cause life-threatening diseases and represents the most important bacterial cause of meningitis in pigs worldwide. Notably, S. suis can also cause zoonotic infections, such as meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis, and other diseases in humans. In Asia, it is classified as an emerging zoonotic pathogen and currently considered as one of the most important causes of bacterial meningitis in adults. The “two faces” of S. suis, one of a colonizing microbe and the other of a highly invasive pathogen, have raised many questions concerning the interpretation of diagnostic detection and the definition of virulence. Thus, one major research challenge is the identification of virulence-markers which allow differentiation of commensal and virulent strains. This is complicated by the high phenotypic and genotypic diversity of S. suis, as reflected by the occurrence of (at least) 33 capsular serotypes. In this review, we present current knowledge in the context of S. suis as a highly diverse pathobiont in the porcine respiratory tract that can exploit disrupted host homeostasis to flourish and promote inflammatory processes and invasive diseases in pigs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Vötsch
- Institute for Microbiology, Center for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren Willenborg
- Institute for Microbiology, Center for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yenehiwot B Weldearegay
- Institute for Microbiology, Center for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Valentin-Weigand
- Institute for Microbiology, Center for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Ding W, Sun J, Lian H, Xu C, Liu X, Zheng S, Zhang D, Han X, Liu Y, Chen X, God′spower BO, Li Y. The Influence of Shuttle-Shape Emodin Nanoparticles on the Streptococcus suis Biofilm. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:227. [PMID: 29593544 PMCID: PMC5859365 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is one of the most important physiological protective barriers of the Streptococcus suis (S. suis), and it is also one of the primary causes of hindrance to drug infiltration, reduction of bactericidal effects, and the development of antibiotic resistance. In order to intervene or eliminate S. suis biofilm, shuttle-shape emodin-loaded nanoparticles were developed in our study. The emodin nanoparticles were prepared by emodin and gelatin-cyclodextrin which was synthesized as drug carrier, and the nanoparticles were 174 nm in size, -4.64 mv in zeta potential, and exhibited a sustained emodin release. Moreover, the delivery kinetics of nanoparticles were also explored in our study. The confocal laser scanning microscopy and colony forming unit enumeration experiment indicated that nanoparticles could increase drug infiltration and uptake by biofilm. The flow cytometry system analysis showed that nanoparticles could be up taken by 99% of the bacteria cells. TCP assay and scanning electron microscopy showed that the nanoparticles had better effect on biofilm inhibition and elimination when compared with emodin solution. These results revealed that the emodin nanoparticles had a better therapeutic effect on the S. suis biofilm in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Ding
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Jin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - He Lian
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Changgeng Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Sidi Zheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaopeng Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Xueying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Bello O. God′spower
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
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41
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Liu YF, Liao CT, Chiang YC, Li CE, Hsiao YM. WxcX is involved in bacterial attachment and virulence in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. J Basic Microbiol 2018; 58:403-413. [PMID: 29504631 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the causative agent of black rot in crucifers. Here, one EZ-Tn5 transposon mutant of Xcc, altered in bacterial attachment, was isolated. Further analysis revealed that the transposon was inserted in the wxcX gene (encodes a hypothetical protein) of the transposon mutant. Sequence analysis revealed that WxcX is highly conserved in Xanthomonas, but none has been characterized. In this study, it was indicated that mutation of wxcX resulted in enhanced bacterial attachment, reduced virulence on the host cabbage, and increased sensitivity to sodium dodecyl sulfate. The affected phenotypes of the wxcX mutant could be complemented to wild-type levels by the intact wxcX gene. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that E408 and E411 are critical amino acid residues for WxcX function in bacterial attachment. Taken together, our results demonstrate the roles of wxcX in attachment, virulence, and tolerance to sodium dodecyl sulfate in Xanthomonas for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Tsai Liao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chuan Chiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-En Li
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Hsiao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
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Functional characterization of murB-potABCD operon for polyamine uptake and peptidoglycan synthesis in Streptococcus suis. Microbiol Res 2018; 207:177-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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43
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khelissa SO, Jama C, Abdallah M, Boukherroub R, Faille C, Chihib NE. Effect of incubation duration, growth temperature, and abiotic surface type on cell surface properties, adhesion and pathogenicity of biofilm-detached Staphylococcus aureus cells. AMB Express 2017; 7:191. [PMID: 29067567 PMCID: PMC5655377 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of growth conditions such as the temperature (20, 30 and 37 °C), incubation duration (24 and 48 h) and surface type (stainless steel and polycarbonate) on the cell surface physicochemical properties and adhesion to abiotic surfaces of biofilm-detached and planktonic Staphylococcus aureus cells. This study tested also the hypothesis that S. aureus planktonic cells exhibit distinct pathogenic properties compared with their sessile counterparts. The results showed that the changes of the growth conditions promoted changes in the zeta potential, hydrophobicity, electron donor/acceptor character of the studied cell populations. Biofilm-detached cells showed a greater adhesion to stainless steel and polycarbonate compared with planktonic cells. Compared with planktonic cells, sessile ones showed higher cytotoxic effect against HeLa cells, DNase activity, and siderophore levels. The higher cytotoxic effect and production of DNase and siderophore increased with the increase of temperature and duration of incubations. Based on the obtained data, the S. aureus biofilm-detached cells were found to be distinct in many physiological properties compared with their planktonic counterparts.
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44
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Wang S, Wang C, Gao L, Cai H, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Xu C, Ding W, Chen J, Muhammad I, Chen X, He X, Liu D, Li Y. Rutin Inhibits Streptococcus suis Biofilm Formation by Affecting CPS Biosynthesis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:379. [PMID: 28670278 PMCID: PMC5472726 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) form biofilms and causes severe diseases in humans and pigs. Biofilms are communities of microbes embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. Eradicating biofilms with the use of antibiotics or biocides is often ineffective and needs replacement with other potential agents. Compared to conventional agents, promising and potential alternatives are biofilm-inhibiting compounds without impairing growth. Here, we screened a S. suis adhesion inhibitor, rutin, derived from Syringa. Rutin, a kind of flavonoids, shows efficient biofilm inhibition of S. suis without impairing its growth. Capsular polysaccharides(CPS) are reported to be involved in its adherence to influence bacterial biofilm formation. We investigated the effect of rutin on S. suis CPS content and structure. The results showed that rutin was beneficial to improve the CPS content of S. suis without changing its structure. We further provided evidence that rutin specifically affected S. suis biofilm susceptibility by affecting CPS biosynthesis in vitro. The study explores the antibiofilm potential of rutin against S. suis which can be used as an adhesion inhibitor for the prevention of S. suis biofilm-related infections. Nevertheless, rutin could be used as a novel natural inhibitor of biolfilm and its molecular mechanism provide basis for its pharmacological and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentHarbin, China
| | - Chang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentHarbin, China
| | - Lingfei Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentHarbin, China
| | - Hua Cai
- Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Bio-Vaccine Co. Ltd. (Hayao Vaccine),Harbin, China
| | - Yonghui Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentHarbin, China
| | - Yanbei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentHarbin, China
| | - Changgeng Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentHarbin, China
| | - Wenya Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentHarbin, China
| | - Jianqing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentHarbin, China
| | - Ishfaq Muhammad
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Xueying Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentHarbin, China
| | - Xinmiao He
- Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Bio-Vaccine Co. Ltd. (Hayao Vaccine),Harbin, China
| | - Di Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentHarbin, China
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Streptococcus suis serotype 9 strain GZ0565 contains a type VII secretion system putative substrate EsxA that contributes to bacterial virulence and a vanZ-like gene that confers resistance to teicoplanin and dalbavancin in Streptococcus agalactiae. Vet Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28622857 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (SS), an important pathogen for pigs, is not only considered as a zoonotic agent for humans, but is also recognized as a major reservoir of antimicrobial resistance contributing to the spread of resistance genes to other pathogenic Streptococcus species. In addition to serotype 2 (SS2), serotype 9 (SS9) is another prevalent serotype isolated from diseased pigs. Although many SS strains have been sequenced, the complete genome of a non-SS2 virulent strain has been unavailable to date. Here, we report the complete genome of GZ0565, a virulent strain of SS9, isolated from a pig with meningitis. Comparative genomic analysis revealed five new putative virulence or antimicrobial resistance-associated genes in strain GZ0565 but not in SS2 virulent strains. These five genes encode a putative triacylglycerol lipase, a TipAS antibiotic-recognition domain protein, a putative TetR family transcriptional repressor, a protein containing a LPXTG domain and a G5 domain, and a type VII secretion system (T7SS) putative substrate (EsxA), respectively. Western blot analysis showed that strain GZ0565 can secrete EsxA. We generated an esxA deletion mutant and showed that EsxA contributes to SS virulence in a mouse infection model. Additionally, the antibiotic resistance gene vanZSS was identified and expression of vanZSS conferred resistance to teicoplanin and dalbavancin in Streptococcus agalactiae. We believe this is the first experimental demonstration of the existence of the T7SS putative substrate EsxA and its contribution to bacterial virulence in SS. Together, our results contribute to further understanding of the virulence and antimicrobial resistance characteristics of SS.
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Cheepurupalli L, Raman T, Rathore SS, Ramakrishnan J. Bioactive Molecule from Streptomyces sp. Mitigates MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae in Zebrafish Infection Model. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:614. [PMID: 28446900 PMCID: PMC5388697 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant (MDR) especially carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major emerging threat to public health, leading to excess in mortality rate as high as 50-86%. MDR K. pneumoniae manifests all broad mechanisms of drug resistance, hence development of new drugs to treat MDR K. pneumoniae infection has become a more relevant question in the scientific community. In the present study a potential Streptomyces sp. ASK2 was isolated from rhizosphere soil of medicinal plant. The multistep HPLC purification identified the active principle exhibiting antagonistic activity against MDR K. pneumoniae. The purified compound was found to be an aromatic compound with aliphatic side chain molecule having a molecular weight of 444.43 Da. FT-IR showed the presence of OH and C=O as functional groups. The bioactive compound was further evaluated for drug induced toxicity and efficacy in adult zebrafish infection model. As this is the first study on K. pneumoniae - zebrafish model, the infectious doses to manifest sub-clinical and clinical infection were optimized. Furthermore, the virulence of K. pneumoniae in planktonic and biofilm state was studied in zebrafish. The MTT assay of ex vivo culture of zebrafish liver reveals non-toxic nature of the proposed ASK2 compound at an effective dose. Moreover, significant increase in survival rate of infected zebrafish suggests that ASK2 compound from a new strain of Streptomyces sp. was potent in mitigating MDR K. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha Cheepurupalli
- Actinomycetes Bioprospecting Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UniversityTirumalaisamudram, India
| | - Thiagarajan Raman
- Laboratory for Inflammation Research, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UniversityTirumalaisamudram, India
| | - Sudarshan S. Rathore
- Actinomycetes Bioprospecting Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UniversityTirumalaisamudram, India
| | - Jayapradha Ramakrishnan
- Actinomycetes Bioprospecting Lab, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UniversityTirumalaisamudram, India
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Zhang C, Sun W, Tan M, Dong M, Liu W, Gao T, Li L, Xu Z, Zhou R. The Eukaryote-Like Serine/Threonine Kinase STK Regulates the Growth and Metabolism of Zoonotic Streptococcus suis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:66. [PMID: 28326294 PMCID: PMC5339665 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Like eukaryotes, bacteria express one or more serine/threonine kinases (STKs) that initiate diverse signaling networks. The STK from Streptococcus suis is encoded by a single-copy stk gene, which is crucial in stress response and virulence. To further understand the regulatory mechanism of STK in S. suis, a stk deletion strain (Δstk) and its complementary strain (CΔstk) were constructed to systematically decode STK characteristics by applying whole transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and phosphoproteomic analysis. Numerous genes were differentially expressed in Δstk compared with the wild-type parental strain SC-19, including 320 up-regulated and 219 down-regulated genes. Particularly, 32 virulence-associated genes (VAGs) were significantly down-regulated in Δstk. Seven metabolic pathways relevant to bacterial central metabolism and translation are significantly repressed in Δstk. Phosphoproteomic analysis further identified 12 phosphoproteins that exhibit differential phosphorylation in Δstk. These proteins are associated with cell growth and division, glycolysis, and translation. Consistently, phenotypic assays confirmed that the Δstk strain displayed deficient growth and attenuated pathogenicity. Thus, STK is a central regulator that plays an important role in cell growth and division, as well as S. suis metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Meifang Tan
- Veterinary Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanchang, China
| | - Mengmeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Wanquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Veterinary Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China; Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig ProductionWuhan, China
| | - Zhuofei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China; Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig ProductionWuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China; Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig ProductionWuhan, China
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Identification of genes involved in Mycoplasma gallisepticum biofilm formation using mini-Tn4001-SGM transposon mutagenesis. Vet Microbiol 2016; 198:17-22. [PMID: 28062003 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is an important pathogen that can cause chronic respiratory disease in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys. MG has the ability to form biofilms. The molecular mechanisms underlying MG biofilm formation are complex and poorly understood. To better understand the mechanisms involved in biofilm formation, mini-Tn4001-SGM, a novel transposon vector containing the gentamicin gene was constructed and electroporated into MG strain Rlow. Of the 738 mutants obtained, 12 had significantly reduced capacity to form biofilms in a polystyrene microtiter-plate biofilm assay. Ten different genes were identified as disrupted in these mutants using genomic walking from the transposon insertion sites and Southern bolt hybridization with a transposon-based probe. Four genes were associated with cellular processes, especially synthesis of extracellular polysaccharide and several lipoproteins encoded. Other genes were associated with translation, metabolism and gene regulation, and one had unknown function. Seven genes identified in this study have been previously associated with biofilm formation in MG or other bacterial species. The other three have not been previously reported to play a role in biofilm formation in MG. In conclusion, a new transposon vector was shown to be a powerful tool for future studies of MG pathogenesis. This study adds to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in MG biofilm formation and may shed light on the persistence of MG infections.
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Zhu J, Zhang T, Su Z, Li L, Wang D, Xiao R, Teng M, Tan M, Zhou R. (p)ppGpp synthetases regulate the pathogenesis of zoonotic Streptococcus suis. Microbiol Res 2016; 191:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Segura M, Calzas C, Grenier D, Gottschalk M. Initial steps of the pathogenesis of the infection caused by Streptococcus suis: fighting against nonspecific defenses. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3772-3799. [PMID: 27539145 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between a bacterial pathogen and its potentially susceptible host are initiated with the colonization step. During respiratory/oral infection, the pathogens must compete with the normal microflora, resist defense mechanisms of the local mucosal immunity, and finally reach, adhere, and breach the mucosal epithelial cell barrier in order to induce invasive disease. This is the case during infection by the swine and zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis, which is able to counteract mucosal barriers to induce severe meningitis and sepsis in swine and in humans. The initial steps of the pathogenesis of S. suis infection has been a neglected area of research, overshadowed by studies on the systemic and central nervous phases of the disease. In this Review article, we provide for the first time, an exclusive focus on S. suis colonization and the potential mechanisms involved in S. suis establishment at the mucosa, as well as the mechanisms regulating mucosal barrier breakdown. The role of mucosal immunity is also addressed. Finally, we demystify the extensive list of putative adhesins and virulence factors reported to be involved in the initial steps of pathogenesis by S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Segura
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada.,Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Cynthia Calzas
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada.,Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Laboratory of Streptococcus suis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale (GREB), Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Laboratory of Streptococcus suis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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