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Jeffery A, Gilbert M, Corsaut L, Gaudreau A, Obradovic MR, Cloutier S, Frenette MC, Surprenant C, Lacouture S, Arnal JL, Gottschalk M, Segura M. Immune response induced by a Streptococcus suis multi-serotype autogenous vaccine used in sows to protect post-weaned piglets. Vet Res 2024; 55:57. [PMID: 38715138 PMCID: PMC11076212 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a bacterial pathogen that causes important economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Since there are no current commercial vaccines, the use of autogenous vaccines applied to gilts/sows to enhance transfer of passive immunity is an attractive alternative to protect weaned piglets. However, there is no universal standardization in the production of autogenous vaccines and the vaccine formulation may be highly different among licenced manufacturing laboratories. In the present study, an autogenous vaccine that included S. suis serotypes 2, 1/2, 5, 7 and 14 was prepared by a licensed laboratory and administrated to gilts using a three-dose program prior to farrowing. The antibody response in gilts as well as the passive transfer of antibodies to piglets was then evaluated. In divergence with previously published data with an autogenous vaccine produced by a different company, the increased response seen in gilts was sufficient to improve maternal antibody transfer to piglets up to 5 weeks of age. However, piglets would still remain susceptible to S. suis disease which often appears during the second part of the nursery period. Vaccination did not affect the shedding of S. suis (as well as that of the specific S. suis serotypes included in the vaccine) by either gilts or piglets. Although all antibiotic treatments were absent during the trial, the clinical protective effect of the vaccination program with the autogenous vaccine could not be evaluated, since limited S. suis cases were present during the trial, confirming the need for a complete evaluation of the clinical protection that must include laboratory confirmation of the aetiological agent involved in the presence of S. suis-associated clinical signs. Further studies to evaluate the usefulness of gilt/sow vaccination with autogenous vaccines to protect nursery piglets should be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Jeffery
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, and Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Mélina Gilbert
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, and Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Lorelei Corsaut
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, and Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Annie Gaudreau
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, and Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Milan R Obradovic
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, and Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Sonia Lacouture
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, and Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Jose Luis Arnal
- Exopol, Veterinary Diagnostic and Autogenous Vaccine Laboratory, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, and Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada.
| | - Mariela Segura
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, and Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada.
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Payen S, Giroux MC, Gisch N, Schombel U, Fittipaldi N, Segura M, Gottschalk M. Lipoteichoic acids influence cell shape and bacterial division of Streptococcus suis serotype 2, but play a limited role in the pathogenesis of the infection. Vet Res 2024; 55:34. [PMID: 38504299 PMCID: PMC10953176 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01287-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a major swine pathogen and a zoonotic agent, causing meningitis in both swine and humans, responsible for substantial economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. The pathogenesis of infection and the role of bacterial cell wall components in virulence have not been fully elucidated. Lipoproteins, peptidoglycan, as well as lipoteichoic acids (LTA) have all been proposed to contribute to virulence. In the present study, the role of the LTA in the pathogenesis of the infection was evaluated through the characterisation of a mutant of the S. suis serotype 2 strain P1/7 lacking the LtaS enzyme, which mediates the polymerization of the LTA poly-glycerolphosphate chain. The ltaS mutant was confirmed to completely lack LTA and displayed significant morphological defects. Although the bacterial growth of this mutant was not affected, further results showed that LTA is involved in maintaining S. suis bacterial fitness. However, its role in the pathogenesis of the infection appears limited. Indeed, LTA presence reduces self-agglutination, biofilm formation and even dendritic cell activation, which are important aspects of the pathogenesis of the infection caused by S. suis. In addition, it does not seem to play a critical role in virulence using a systemic mouse model of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Servane Payen
- Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Giroux
- Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Ursula Schombel
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada.
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