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Biko OD, Viljoen-Bloom M, van Zyl WH. Medium optimization for enhanced production of recombinant lignin peroxidase in Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:105-113. [PMID: 36400875 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Different cultivation conditions and parameters were evaluated to improve the production and secretion of a recombinant Phanerochaete chrysosporium lipH8 gene in Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris). RESULTS The recombinant lipH8 gene with its native secretion signal was successfully cloned and expressed in Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) under the control of the alcohol oxidase 1 promoter (PAOX1). The results revealed that co-feeding with sorbitol and methanol increased rLiP secretion by 5.9-fold compared to the control conditions. The addition of 1 mM FeSO4 increased LiP activity a further 6.0-fold during the induction phase. Moreover, the combination of several optimal conditions and parameters yielded an extracellular rLiP activity of 20.05 U l-1, which is more than ten-fold higher relative to standard growth conditions (BMM10 medium, pH 6 and 30 °C). CONCLUSION Extracellular activity of a recombinant LiP expressed in P. pastoris increased more than ten-fold when co-feeding sorbitol and methanol as carbon sources, together with urea as nitrogen source, FeSO4 supplementation, lower pH and lower cultivation temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odwa D Biko
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Marinda Viljoen-Bloom
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Willem H van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
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2
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Fungal Biorefineries for Biofuel Production for Sustainable Future Energy Systems. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68260-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Ligninolysis Potential of Ligninolytic Enzymes: A Green and Sustainable Approach to Bio-transform Lignocellulosic Biomass into High-Value Entities. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2020_631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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4
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Shin SK, Ko YJ, Hyeon JE, Han SO. Studies of advanced lignin valorization based on various types of lignolytic enzymes and microbes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121728. [PMID: 31277889 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a robust material that is considered useless because it has an inhibitory effect on microbes and acts as a physical barrier for cellulose degradation. Therefore, it has been removed from cellulosic biomass to produce high-value materials. However, lignin monomers can be converted to value-added chemicals such as biodegradable plastics and food additives by appropriately engineered microbes. Lignin degradation through peroxidase, laccase and other proteins with auxiliary activity is the first step in lignin valorization. Metabolic engineering of microorganisms for increased tolerance and production yield is the second step for lignin valorization. Here, this review offers a summary of current biotechnologies using various enzymatic activities, synergistic enzyme mixtures and metabolic engineering for lignin valorization in biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kyu Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Ko
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Hyeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea; Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Health & Wellness, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Pointing SB, Jones EBG, Vrijmoed LLP. Optimization of laccase production byPycnoporus sanguineusin submerged liquid culture. Mycologia 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2000.12061138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. B. Pointing
- Centre for Research in Fungal Diversity, Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - E. B. G. Jones
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - L. L. P. Vrijmoed
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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6
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Microbial manganese peroxidase: a ligninolytic enzyme and its ample opportunities in research. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-018-0046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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7
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Voběrková S, Solčány V, Vršanská M, Adam V. Immobilization of ligninolytic enzymes from white-rot fungi in cross-linked aggregates. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 202:694-707. [PMID: 29602102 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ligninolytic enzymes from white-rot fungi are widely used in biotechnological processes. However, the application of these enzymes as free enzymes is limited due to their instability and lack of reusability. Enzyme stabilization is therefore a major challenge in biocatalytic process research, and immobilization methods are desirable. Using cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) such as magnetic CLEAs, porous-CLEAs and combi-CLEAs is a promising technique for overcoming these issues. Cross-linking methods can stabilize and immobilize enzymes by interconnecting enzyme molecules via multiple bonds using cross-linking agents such as glutaraldehyde. The high catalyst density and microporous assembly of CLEAs guarantee high catalyst activity, which, together with their long shelf life, operational stability, and reusability, provide a cost-efficient alternative to matrix-assisted immobilization approaches. Here, we review current progress in ligninolytic enzyme immobilization and provide a comprehensive review of CLEAs. Moreover, we summarize the use of these CLEAs for biocatalysis processes, bioremediation such as dye decolourization, wastewater treatment or pharmaceutically active compound elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Voběrková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Solčány
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Vršanská
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Schneider WDH, Fontana RC, Mendonça S, de Siqueira FG, Dillon AJP, Camassola M. High level production of laccases and peroxidases from the newly isolated white-rot basidiomycete Marasmiellus palmivorus VE111 in a stirred-tank bioreactor in response to different carbon and nitrogen sources. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kaur K, Singh G, Gupta V, Capalash N, Sharma P. Impact of phosphate and other medium components on physiological regulation of bacterial laccase production. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 33:541-548. [PMID: 27863181 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Laccases are multicopper oxidases known to catalyze the transformation of a wide range of phenolic and non-phenolic substrates using oxygen as electron acceptor and forming water as the only by product. Their potential relevance in several industries requires the constant search for novel laccases. Positive outcome of the isolation of laccase producing bacteria depends on the nature and concentration of media constituents. Several attempts to isolate laccase producing bacteria failed when the phosphate-containing M9 minimal medium was used. Shift to phosphate-less M162 medium led to successful isolations. Seven bacterial isolates belonging to genera Bacillus, Lysinibacillus, Bhargavaea and Rheinheimera were used to study the effect of medium constituents on laccase production. Inorganic phosphate (≥50 mM) was found to regulate laccase synthesis negatively though no inhibitory effect of phosphate (10-500 mM) was seen on laccase activity. All isolates ceased laccase synthesis when grown in the presence of tryptone (0.2-1%), with R. tangshanensis as an exception, or yeast extract (1.5-2%) as the only C/N source in M162 medium. Supplementation upto 0.1% of glucose in basal M162 medium increased laccase production in five isolates but decreased at higher concentrations. The influence of medium components on laccase synthesis was further affirmed by zymographic studies. These observations offer possibilities of isolating promising laccase producers from diverse environmental sources. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:541-548, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavleen Kaur
- Dept. of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gursharan Singh
- Biotechnology Branch, University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vijaya Gupta
- Dept. of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neena Capalash
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prince Sharma
- Dept. of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Zelena K, Eisele N, Berger RG. Escherichia coli as a production host for novel enzymes from basidiomycota. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1382-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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11
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Syed K, Yadav JS. P450 monooxygenases (P450ome) of the model white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Crit Rev Microbiol 2012; 38:339-63. [PMID: 22624627 PMCID: PMC3567848 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2012.682050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phanerochaete chrysosporium, the model white rot fungus, has been the focus of research for the past about four decades for understanding the mechanisms and processes of biodegradation of the natural aromatic polymer lignin and a broad range of environmental toxic chemicals. The ability to degrade this vast array of xenobiotic compounds was originally attributed to its lignin-degrading enzyme system, mainly the extracellular peroxidases. However, subsequent physiological, biochemical, and/or genetic studies by us and others identified the involvement of a peroxidase-independent oxidoreductase system, the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system. The whole genome sequence revealed an extraordinarily large P450 contingent (P450ome) with an estimated 149 P450s in this organism. This review focuses on the current status of understanding on the P450 monooxygenase system of P. chrysosproium in terms of pre-genomic and post-genomic identification, structural and evolutionary analysis, transcriptional regulation, redox partners, and functional characterization for its biodegradative potential. Future research on this catalytically diverse oxidoreductase enzyme system and its major role as a newly emerged player in xenobiotic metabolism/degradation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khajamohiddin Syed
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA
| | - Jagjit S Yadav
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA
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12
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Potential uses of spent mushroom substrate and its associated lignocellulosic enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 96:863-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Tripathi A, Upadhyay RC, Singh S. Extracellular Ligninolytic Enzymes in Bjerkandera adusta and Lentinus squarrosulus. Indian J Microbiol 2012; 52:381-7. [PMID: 23997328 PMCID: PMC3460110 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-011-0232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ligninolytic enzyme activities were determined in two white-rot fungi, Bjerkandera adusta and Lentinus squarrosulus. To investigate the activity of extracellular enzymes, cultures were incubated over a period of 20 days in nutrient rich medium (NRM) and nutrient poor medium under static and shaking conditions. Enzymatic activity was varied with media and their incubation conditions. The highest level of Aryl alcohol oxidase (AAO) was detected under shaking condition of both medium while Manganese peroxidase (MnP) activity was best in NRM under both conditions. AAO is the main oxidases enzyme in B. adusta while laccase plays important role in L. squarrosulus. MnP is the main peroxidase enzyme in both varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astha Tripathi
- Directorate of Mushroom Research, Chambaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173213 India
| | - R. C. Upadhyay
- Directorate of Mushroom Research, Chambaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173213 India
| | - Surendra Singh
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
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14
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Phanerochaete chrysosporium produces a diverse array of extracellular enzymes when grown on sorghum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 93:2075-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Degradation of Chloro-organic Pollutants by White Rot Fungi. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-23789-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Fungal-Mediated Degradation of Emerging Pollutants in Sewage Sludge. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2012_159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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17
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Jabeen U, Abbasi A, Salim A. Predicting the functionally distinct residues in the heme, cation, and substrate-binding sites of peroxidase from stress-tolerant mangrove specie, Avicennia marina. Cell Stress Chaperones 2011; 16:585-605. [PMID: 21660646 PMCID: PMC3220393 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-011-0269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work was conducted to predict the structure of functionally distinct regions of Avicennia marina peroxidase (AP) by using the structural coordinates of barley grains peroxidase as the template. This enzyme is utilized by all living organisms in many biosynthetic or degradable processes and in defense against oxidative stress. The homology model showed some distinct structural changes in the heme, calcium, and substrate-binding regions. Val53 was found to be an important coordinating residue between distal calcium ion and the distal heme site while Ser176 is coordinated to the proximal histidine through Ala174 and Leu172. Different ionic and hydrogen-bonded interactions were also observed in AP. Analyses of various substrate-enzyme interactions revealed that the substrate-binding pocket is provided by the residues, His41, Phe70, Gly71, Asp138, His139, and Lys176; the later three residues are not conserved in the peroxidase family. We have also performed structural comparison of the A. marina peroxidase with that of two class III salt-sensitive species, peanut and soybean. Four loop regions were found to have largest structural deviation. The overall protein sequence was also analyzed for the presence of probable post-translational modification sites and the functional significance of these sites were outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Jabeen
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan
| | - Atiya Abbasi
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan
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Grąz M, Jarosz-Wilkołazka A. Oxalic acid, versatile peroxidase secretion and chelating ability of Bjerkandera fumosa in rich and limited culture conditions. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 27:1885-1891. [PMID: 21892253 PMCID: PMC3140919 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Efficient ligninolytic systems of wood-degrading fungi include not only oxidizing enzymes, but also low-molecular-weight effectors. The ability of Bjerkandera fumosa to secrete oxalic acid and versatile peroxidase (VP) in nitrogen-rich and nitrogen-limited media was studied. Higher activity of VP was determined in the nitrogen-limited media but greater concentration of oxalic acid was observed in the cultures of B. fumosa without nitrogen limitation. Ferric ions chelating ability of Bjerkandera fumosa studied in ferric ions limited media was correlated with the increased level of oxalic acid. The presence of hydroxamate-type siderophores in B. fumosa media were also detected. Oxalate decarboxylase was found to be responsible for regulation of oxalic acid concentration in the tested B. fumosa cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Grąz
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Involvement of protein kinase C in lignin peroxidase expression in oxygenated cultures of the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Sklenar J, Niku-Paavola ML, Santos S, Man P, Kruus K, Novotny C. Isolation and characterization of novel pI 4.8 MnP isoenzyme from white-rot fungus Irpex lacteus. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Wu JM, Zhang YZ. Gene Expression in Secondary Metabolism and Metabolic Switching Phase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 162:1961-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-8973-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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de Oliveira PL, Duarte MCT, Ponezi AN, Durrant LR. Purification and Partial characterization of manganese peroxidase from Bacillus pumilus AND Paenibacillus sp. Braz J Microbiol 2009; 40:818-26. [PMID: 24031429 PMCID: PMC3768582 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220090004000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2009] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of manganese peroxidase (MnP) from Bacillus pumilus and Paenibacillus sp. was studied under absence and presence of the inducers indulin AT, guayacol, veratryl alcohol, lignosulfonic acid and lignosulfonic acid desulfonated. Indulin AT increased the activity of B. pumilus MnP up to 31.66 U/L after 8 h, but no improve was observed for Paenibacillus sp., which reached maximum activity (12.22 U/L) after 20 h. Both MnPs produced by these microorganisms were purified in phenyl sepharose resin and the proteins from crude extracts were eluted in two fractions. However, only the first fraction of each extract exhibited MnP activities. Tests in different pH and temperature values, from pH 5.0 to pH 10.0 and 30 °C to 60 °C, respectively, were carried out with the purified MnP. The maximum activity reached for B. pumilus and Paenibacillus sp. MnPs were 4.3 U/L at pH 8.0 and 25 °C and 11.74 U/L at pH 9.0 and 35 °C, respectively. The molar masses determined by SDS-PAGE gel eletrophoresis were 25 kDa and 40 kDa, respectively, for the purified enzyme from B. pumilus and Paenibacillus sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Lopes de Oliveira
- Divisão de Microbiologia, Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas, SP , Brasil
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Shi J, Sharma-Shivappa RR, Chinn MS. Microbial pretreatment of cotton stalks by submerged cultivation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:4388-95. [PMID: 19423334 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study used the fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, to pretreat cotton stalks with two methods, shallow stationary and agitated cultivation, at three supplemental salt concentrations. Pretreatment efficiencies were compared by evaluating lignin degradation, solid recovery and carbohydrate availability over a 14-day period. Shallow stationary cultivation with no salts gave 20.7% lignin degradation along with 76.3% solid recovery and 29.0% carbohydrate availability. The highest lignin degradation of 33.9% at a corresponding solid recovery and carbohydrate availability of 67.8% and 18.4%, respectively, was obtained through agitated cultivation with Modified NREL salts. Cultivation beyond 10 days did not significantly increase lignin degradation during 14 days of pretreatment. Manganese addition during shallow stationary and agitated cultivation resulted in higher solid recoveries of over 80% but lower lignin degradation. Although agitated cultivation resulted in better delignification, results indicate that pretreatment under submerged shallow stationary conditions provides a better balance between lignin degradation and carbohydrate availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shi
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7625, USA
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Hamisan A, Abd-Aziz S, Kamaruddin K, Shah U, Shahab N, Hassan M. Delignification of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch using Chemical and Microbial Pretreatment Methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/ijar.2009.250.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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[Molecular cloning and expression of alcohol dehydrogenase gene of Phanerochaete chrysosporium]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2009; 31:546-51. [PMID: 19586851 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2009.00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
When Phanerochaete chrysosporium is grown under oxygen-limited condition, ethanol is one of the important metabolites. In order to understand the metabolic mechanism of P. chrysosporium grown under oxygen-limited condition, a cDNA sequence (1 071 bp) designated "PCAdh1" encoding an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was cloned from the filamentous white-rot fungus P. chrysosporium. PCAdh1 gene encodes a protein of 356 amino acid residues. Although the catalytic domain and coenzyme-binding domain were highly conserved, the protein sequence of PCAdh1 showed a low level of similarity to other known ADH. The recombinant PCAdh1 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and its enzyme activity was detected. The protein was purified and used to prepare antibody. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot demonstrated that the expression level of PCAdh1 in P. chrysosporium remained stable despite the lowered oxygen content, indicating that the gene expression is constitutive. But with the reduction of oxygen content, the overall activity of ADH from the crude mycelia proteins was increased during the growing periods, implying that the expression of other Adh genes in P. chrysosporium is inductive.
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Heterologous expression of the msp2 gene from Marasmius scorodonius. Arch Microbiol 2009; 191:397-402. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-009-0462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zak DR, Holmes WE, Burton AJ, Pregitzer KS, Talhelm AF. Simulated atmospheric NO3- deposition increases soil organic matter by slowing decomposition. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2008; 18:2016-2027. [PMID: 19263894 DOI: 10.1890/07-1743.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Presently, there is uncertainty regarding the degree to which anthropogenic N deposition will foster C storage in the N-limited forests of the Northern Hemisphere, ecosystems which are globally important sinks for anthropogenic CO2. We constructed organic matter and N budgets for replicate northern hardwood stands (n = 4) that have received ambient (0.7-1.2 g N x m(-2) x yr(-1) and experimental NO3- deposition (ambient plus 3 g NO3(-)-N x m(-2) x yr(-1)) for a decade; we also traced the flow of a 15NO3- pulse over a six-year period. Experimental NO3- deposition had no effect on organic matter or N stored in the standing forest overstory, but it did significantly increase the N concentration (+19%) and N content (+24%) of canopy leaves. In contrast, a decade of experimental NO3- deposition significantly increased amounts of organic matter (+12%) and N (+9%) in forest floor and mineral soil, despite no increase in detritus production. A greater forest floor (Oe/a) mass under experimental NO3- deposition resulted from slower decomposition, which is consistent with previously reported declines in lignolytic activity by microbial communities exposed to experimental NO3- deposition. Tracing 15NO3- revealed that N accumulated in soil organic matter by first flowing through soil microorganisms and plants, and that the shedding of 15N-labeled leaf litter enriched soil organic matter over a six-year duration. Our results demonstrate that atmospheric NO3- deposition exerts a direct and negative effect on microbial activity in this forest ecosystem, slowing the decomposition of aboveground litter and leading to the accumulation of forest floor and soil organic matter. To the best of our knowledge, this mechanism is not represented in the majority of simulation models predicting the influence of anthropogenic N deposition on ecosystem C storage in northern forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Zak
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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Singh D, Chen S. The white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium: conditions for the production of lignin-degrading enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 81:399-417. [PMID: 18810426 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Revised: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Investigating optimal conditions for lignin-degrading peroxidases production by Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium) has been a topic for numerous researches. The capability of P. chrysosporium for producing lignin peroxidases (LiPs) and manganese peroxidases (MnPs) makes it a model organism of lignin-degrading enzymes production. Focusing on compiling and identifying the factors that affect LiP and MnP production by P. chrysosporium, this critical review summarized the main findings of about 200 related research articles. The major difficulty in using this organism for enzyme production is the instability of its productivity. This is largely due to the poor understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of P. chrysosporium responding to different nutrient sources in the culture medium, such as metal elements, detergents, lignin materials, etc. In addition to presenting the major conclusions and gaps of the current knowledge on lignin-degrading peroxidases production by P. chrysosporium, this review has also suggested further work, such as correlating the overexpression of the intra and extracellular proteins to the nutrients and other culture conditions to discover the regulatory cascade in the lignin-degrading peroxidases production process, which may contribute to the creation of improved P. chrysosporium strains leading to stable enzyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Singh
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering and Center for Bioproducts and Bioenergy, Washington State University, L.J. Smith 213, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
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29
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Matityahu A, Hadar Y, Dosoretz CG, Belinky PA. Gene silencing by RNA Interference in the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:5359-65. [PMID: 18606804 PMCID: PMC2546648 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02433-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of RNA interference (RNAi) is demonstrated in the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The manganese-containing superoxide dismutase gene (MnSOD1) was used as the target for RNAi. The plasmid constructed for gene silencing contained a transcriptional unit for hairpin RNA expression. Significantly lower MnSOD expression at both the mRNA and protein activity levels was detected in RNAi transformants. Furthermore, even though P. chrysosporium possesses three copies of the MnSOD gene, this RNAi construct was sufficient to decrease the enzymatic activity by as much as 70% relative to control levels. Implementation of the RNAi technique in P. chrysosporium provides an alternative genetic tool for studies of gene function, particularly of essential genes or gene families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Matityahu
- MIGAL-Galilee Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel
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30
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Peng RH, Xiong AS, Xue Y, Fu XY, Gao F, Zhao W, Tian YS, Yao QH. Microbial biodegradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2008; 32:927-55. [PMID: 18662317 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread in various ecosystems and are pollutants of great concern due to their potential toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Because of their hydrophobic nature, most PAHs bind to particulates in soil and sediments, rendering them less available for biological uptake. Microbial degradation represents the major mechanism responsible for the ecological recovery of PAH-contaminated sites. The goal of this review is to provide an outline of the current knowledge of microbial PAH catabolism. In the past decade, the genetic regulation of the pathway involved in naphthalene degradation by different gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria was studied in great detail. Based on both genomic and proteomic data, a deeper understanding of some high-molecular-weight PAH degradation pathways in bacteria was provided. The ability of nonligninolytic and ligninolytic fungi to transform or metabolize PAH pollutants has received considerable attention, and the biochemical principles underlying the degradation of PAHs were examined. In addition, this review summarizes the information known about the biochemical processes that determine the fate of the individual components of PAH mixtures in polluted ecosystems. A deeper understanding of the microorganism-mediated mechanisms of catalysis of PAHs will facilitate the development of new methods to enhance the bioremediation of PAH-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri-He Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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31
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Soanes DM, Alam I, Cornell M, Wong HM, Hedeler C, Paton NW, Rattray M, Hubbard SJ, Oliver SG, Talbot NJ. Comparative genome analysis of filamentous fungi reveals gene family expansions associated with fungal pathogenesis. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2300. [PMID: 18523684 PMCID: PMC2409186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi and oomycetes are the causal agents of many of the most serious diseases of plants. Here we report a detailed comparative analysis of the genome sequences of thirty-six species of fungi and oomycetes, including seven plant pathogenic species, that aims to explore the common genetic features associated with plant disease-causing species. The predicted translational products of each genome have been clustered into groups of potential orthologues using Markov Chain Clustering and the data integrated into the e-Fungi object-oriented data warehouse (http://www.e-fungi.org.uk/). Analysis of the species distribution of members of these clusters has identified proteins that are specific to filamentous fungal species and a group of proteins found only in plant pathogens. By comparing the gene inventories of filamentous, ascomycetous phytopathogenic and free-living species of fungi, we have identified a set of gene families that appear to have expanded during the evolution of phytopathogens and may therefore serve important roles in plant disease. We have also characterised the predicted set of secreted proteins encoded by each genome and identified a set of protein families which are significantly over-represented in the secretomes of plant pathogenic fungi, including putative effector proteins that might perturb host cell biology during plant infection. The results demonstrate the potential of comparative genome analysis for exploring the evolution of eukaryotic microbial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M. Soanes
- School of Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Intikhab Alam
- School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Cornell
- School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Han Min Wong
- School of Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelia Hedeler
- School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Norman W. Paton
- School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Magnus Rattray
- School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Hubbard
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen G. Oliver
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Sanger Building, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Talbot
- School of Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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32
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Chen C, Chen J, Ni W, Tian X, Huang F. Biodegradation of Orange G by wood-rot fungi Phanerochaete sordida TXJ-1302A and Tyromyces lauteus TXJ-1302B. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:3926-9. [PMID: 17826087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Two strains isolated from the organic layers of forests on Zijin Mountain have indicated a strong capability of decolorization for Orange G on the solid plates. They were identified as Phanerochaete sordida and Tyromyces lauteus according to phenotypic and molecular techniques. Through this study, we try to find the suitable condition and cheapest way for decolorization by two strains. The result shows that malt extract and ammonium sulfate are the best N source for P. sordida and T. lauteus, respectively; 0.95 g per L glucose + 0.05 g per L ethonal are the best C source both for P. sordida and T. lauteus. Oxalate plays an important role as the organic acid chelator which can also enhance the decolorized capability of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, JiangSu 210093, China
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33
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Mechanism for oxidation of high-molecular-weight substrates by a fungal versatile peroxidase, MnP2. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:2873-81. [PMID: 18326680 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02080-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike general peroxidases, Pleurotus ostreatus MnP2 was reported to have a unique property of direct oxidization of high-molecular-weight compounds, such as Poly R-478 and RNase A. To elucidate the mechanism for oxidation of polymeric substrates by MnP2, a series of mutant enzymes were produced by using a homologous gene expression system, and their reactivities were characterized. A mutant enzyme with an Ala substituting for an exposing Trp (W170A) drastically lost oxidation activity for veratryl alcohol (VA), Poly R-478, and RNase A, whereas the kinetic properties for Mn(2+) and H(2)O(2) were substantially unchanged. These results demonstrated that, in addition to VA, the high-molecular-weight substrates are directly oxidized by MnP2 at W170. Moreover, in the mutants Q266F and V166/168L, amino acid substitution(s) around W170 resulted in a decreased activity only for the high-molecular-weight substrates. These results, along with the three-dimensional modeling of the mutants, suggested that the mutations caused a steric hindrance to access of the polymeric substrates to W170. Another mutant, R263N, contained a newly generated N glycosylation site and showed a higher molecular mass in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. Interestingly, the R263N mutant exhibited an increased reactivity with VA and high-molecular-weight substrates. The existence of an additional carbohydrate modification and the catalytic properties in this mutant are discussed. This is the first study of a direct mechanism for oxidation of high-molecular-weight substrates by a fungal peroxidase using a homologous gene expression system.
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34
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Sheldon M, Mohammed K, Ntwampe S. An investigation of biphasic growth kinetics for Phanerochaete chrysosporium (BKMF-1767) immobilised in a membrane gradostat reactor using flow-cells. Enzyme Microb Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2007.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Benech RO, Li X, Patton D, Powlowski J, Storms R, Bourbonnais R, Paice M, Tsang A. Recombinant expression, characterization, and pulp prebleaching property of a Phanerochaete chrysosporium endo-β-1,4-mannanase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2007.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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36
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Songulashvili G, Elisashvili V, Wasser SP, Nevo E, Hadar Y. Basidiomycetes laccase and manganese peroxidase activity in submerged fermentation of food industry wastes. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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37
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Induction of lignin peroxidase via reactive oxygen species in manganese-deficient cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Prenafeta-Boldú FX, Summerbell R, Sybren de Hoog G. Fungi growing on aromatic hydrocarbons: biotechnology's unexpected encounter with biohazard? FEMS Microbiol Rev 2006; 30:109-30. [PMID: 16438682 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2005.00007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons by fungi has traditionally been considered to be of a cometabolic nature. Recently, however, an increasing number of fungi isolated from air biofilters exposed to hydrocarbon-polluted gas streams have been shown to assimilate volatile aromatic hydrocarbons as the sole source of carbon and energy. The biosystematics, ecology, and metabolism of such fungi are reviewed here, based in part on re-evaluation of a collection of published hydrocarbon-degrading isolates obtained from authors around the world. Incorrect or outdated identifications in original publications are corrected by ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. The data show that many volatile-hydrocarbon-degrading strains are closely related to, or in some cases clearly conspecific with, the very restricted number of human-pathogenic fungal species causing severe mycoses, especially neurological infections, in immunocompetent individuals. Neurochemistry features a distinctive array of phenolic and aliphatic compounds that are related to molecules involved in the metabolism of aromatic hydrocarbons. Hence, there may be physiological connections between hydrocarbon assimilation and certain patterns of mammalian infection.
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39
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Niemenmaa O, Uusi-Rauva A, Hatakka A. Wood stimulates the demethoxylation of [O14CH3]-labeled lignin model compounds by the white-rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Phlebia radiata. Arch Microbiol 2006; 185:307-15. [PMID: 16502311 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-006-0097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2003] [Revised: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mineralization of polymeric wood lignin and its substructures is a result of complex reactions involving oxidizing and reducing enzymes and radicals. The degradation of methoxyl groups is an essential part of this process. The presence of wood greatly stimulates the demethoxylation of a non-phenolic lignin model compound (a [O(14)CH(3)]-labeled beta-O-4 dimer) by the lignin-degrading white-rot fungi Phlebia radiata and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. When grown on wood, both fungi produced up to 47 and 40% (14)CO(2) of the applied (14)C activity, respectively, under air and oxygen in 8 weeks. Without wood, the demethoxylation of the dimer by both fungi was lower, varying between 0.5 and 35%. Addition of nutrient nitrogen together with glucose decreased demethoxylation when the fungi were grown on spruce wood under air. Because the evolution of (14)CO(2) in the absence of wood was poor, the fungi may have preferably used wood as a carbon and nitrogen source. The amount of fungal mycelium, as determined by the ergosterol assay, did not show connection to demethoxylation. P. radiata also showed a high demethoxylation of [O(14)CH(3)]-labeled vanillic acid in the presence of birch wood. The degradation of lignin and lignin-related substances should be studied in the presence of wood, the natural substrate for white-rot fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Niemenmaa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikki Biocenter, Viikinkaari 9, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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40
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Kachlishvili E, Penninckx MJ, Tsiklauri N, Elisashvili V. Effect of nitrogen source on lignocellulolytic enzyme production by white-rot basidiomycetes under solid-state cultivation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-005-9046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Pointing SB, Pelling AL, Smith GJD, Hyde KD, Reddy CA. Screening of basidiomycetes and xylariaceous fungi for lignin peroxidase and laccase gene-specific sequences. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 109:115-24. [PMID: 15736869 DOI: 10.1017/s0953756204001376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Lignin peroxidase and laccase gene-specific PCR primers were used to screen 38 diverse basidiomycetes and xylariaceous fungi. Lignin peroxidase gene-specific sequences were obtained for basidiomycetes only and were highly divergent. Possession of laccase genes was relatively widespread among basidiomycetes, and is shown for the first time in Xylariaceae. All sequences were highly conserved with no variation resulting in changes to predicted amino acid sequence. Those basidiomycetes shown to possess lignin peroxidase and laccase genes also produced the enzyme in vitro. Conversely none of the xylariaceous fungi shown to possess laccase genes were able to do so, whilst others decolorized Poly R yet yielded no PCR amplicons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Pointing
- Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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42
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Sims AH, Dunn-Coleman NS, Robson GD, Oliver SG. Glutamic protease distribution is limited to filamentous fungi. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2004; 239:95-101. [PMID: 15451106 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2004.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2004] [Revised: 07/20/2004] [Accepted: 08/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamic proteases are a distinct, and recently re-classified, group of peptidases that are thought to be found only in fungi. We have identified and analysed the distribution of over 20 putative glutamic proteases from all fungal species whose genomes have been sequenced so far. Although absent from the Saccharomycetales class, glutamic proteases appear to be present in all other ascomycetes species examined. A large number of coding regions for glutamic proteases were also found clustered together in the Phanerochaete chrysosporium genome, despite apparently being absent from three other species of Basidiomycota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Sims
- School of Biological Sciences, The Michael Smith Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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43
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Bucher VVC, Pointing SB, Hyde KD, Reddy CA. Production of wood decay enzymes, loss of mass, and lignin solubilization in wood by diverse tropical freshwater fungi. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2004; 48:331-337. [PMID: 15692853 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-003-0132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2003] [Accepted: 10/21/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In vitro production of cellulase and xylanase was common among diverse freshwater ascomycetes and their hyphomycetous anamorphs. Production of enzymes involved in lignin degradation was rare. Most isolates were capable of causing mass loss in angiosperm wood, although values were low, at approximately 10% during a 24-week period. A few isolates caused higher mass loss of up to 26.5%, and five of these were shown to solubilize significant amounts of lignin. This is the first report of lignin solubilization by freshwater fungi. Torula herbarum (hyphomycete) and Ophioceras dolichostomum (ascomycete) produced indices of lignin solubilization equivalent to those of terrestrial white-rot basidiomycetes. In all cases wood decay was 2.2- to 3-fold higher in exposed rather than submerged conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V C Bucher
- Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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44
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Gianfreda L, Rao MA. Potential of extra cellular enzymes in remediation of polluted soils: a review. Enzyme Microb Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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45
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Abdel-Raheem AM, Ali EH. Lignocellulolytic enzyme production by aquatic hyphomycetes species isolated from the Nile's delta region. Mycopathologia 2004; 157:277-86. [PMID: 15180156 DOI: 10.1023/b:myco.0000024178.62244.7c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-six species of aquatic hyphomycetes were isolated from woody sources (unidentified wood segments, leaf skeletons and neck of leaves and bark) in the North River Nile (Delta region). Alatospora acuminata, Anguillospora crassa, Flagellaspora penicillioides, Lunulospra curvula, Tetracladium marchalianum and Triscelophorus monosporus were the most common species. Temperature was the highest physico-chemical parameter affecting the aquatic hyphomycetes occurrence. Twelve species of hyphomycetes, isolated from woody substrates, were screened for their ability to produce extracellular lignocellulolytic enzymes on solid media. The enzymes tested included: endoglucanase, endoxylanase, beta-glucosidase, laccase, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, tyrosinase and beta-xylosidase. Three species, A. acuminata, F. penicillioides, T. monosporus, were positive for all tested enzymes. Also, A. longissima was positive for all enzymes except lignin-peroxidase. The ability to produce cellulase was 100% for all species while only, four species were positive for lignin-peroxidase. The ability of the species to produce other lignocellulotic enzyme ranged from 50% to 83%. Freshwater hyphomycetes have been shown to produce a rich array of enzymes able to degrade the polysaccharides of plant debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Abdel-Raheem
- South Valley University, Faculty of Science, Botany Department, Sohag 82524, Egypt
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46
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Belinky PA, Flikshtein N, Lechenko S, Gepstein S, Dosoretz CG. Reactive oxygen species and induction of lignin peroxidase in Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 69:6500-6. [PMID: 14602606 PMCID: PMC262269 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.11.6500-6506.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied oxidative stress in lignin peroxidase (LIP)-producing cultures (cultures flushed with pure O(2)) of Phanerochaete chrysosporium by comparing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cumulative oxidative damage, and antioxidant enzymes with those found in non-LIP-producing cultures (cultures grown with free exchange of atmospheric air [control cultures]). A significant increase in the intracellular peroxide concentration and the degree of oxidative damage to macromolecules, e.g., DNA, lipids, and proteins, was observed when the fungus was exposed to pure O(2) gas. The specific activities of manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase and the consumption of glutathione were all higher in cultures exposed to pure O(2) (oxygenated cultures) than in cultures grown with atmospheric air. Significantly higher gene expression of the LIP-H2 isozyme occurred in the oxygenated cultures. A hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethyl sulfoxide (50 mM), added to the culture every 12 h, completely abolished LIP expression at the mRNA and protein levels. This effect was confirmed by in situ generation of hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton reaction, which significantly enhanced LIP expression. The level of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) was correlated with the starvation conditions regardless of the oxygenation regimen applied, and similar cAMP levels were obtained at high O(2) concentrations and in cultures grown with atmospheric air. These results suggest that even though cAMP is a prerequisite for LIP expression, high levels of ROS, preferentially hydroxyl radicals, are required to trigger LIP synthesis. Thus, the induction of LIP expression by O(2) is at least partially mediated by the intracellular ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Belinky
- MIGAL-Galilee Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona 10200, Israel
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47
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Effect of lignocellulose-containing substrates on production of ligninolytic peroxidases in submerged cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium ME-446. Enzyme Microb Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2003.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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48
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Ikehata K, Buchanan ID, Smith DW. Extracellular peroxidase production by Coprinus species from urea-treated soil. Can J Microbiol 2004; 50:57-60. [PMID: 15052322 DOI: 10.1139/w03-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen strains of inky-cap mushroom Coprinus species were evaluated for the production of extracellular peroxidase. The liquid fermentation was carried out in shake flasks containing 1% glucose, 0.5% peptone, 0.3% yeast extract, and 0.3% malt extract broth at 25 °C. Peroxidase activity was detected in the liquid culture of several Coprinus species, including C. echinosporus NBRC 30630; C. macrocephalus NBRC 30117; Coprinus spp. UAMH 10065, UAMH 10066, UAMH 10067, and 074, after 10 days of growth. Peroxidase production by Coprinus sp. UAMH 10067, a Coprinus species isolated from urea-treated soil, was comparable to that of C. cinereus and reached 15 U·mL–1 after 10 days. In addition, the peroxidase from Coprinus sp. UAMH 10067 was apparently more thermally stable than the enzyme produced by C. cinereus.Key words: Coprinus species, urea treatment, phenol, wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ikehata
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Kehres DG, Maguire ME. Emerging themes in manganese transport, biochemistry and pathogenesis in bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2003; 27:263-90. [PMID: 12829271 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-6445(03)00052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Though an essential trace element, manganese is generally accorded little importance in biology other than as a cofactor for some free radical detoxifying enzymes and in the photosynthetic photosystem II. Only a handful of other Mn2+-dependent enzymes are known. Recent data, primarily in bacteria, suggest that Mn2+-dependent processes may have significantly greater physiological importance. Two major classes of prokaryotic Mn2+ uptake systems have now been described, one homologous to eukaryotic Nramp transporters and one a member of the ABC-type ATPase superfamily. Each is highly selective for Mn2+ over Fe2+ or other transition metal divalent cations, and each can accumulate millimolar amounts of intracellular Mn2+ even when environmental Mn2+ is scarce. In Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, simultaneous mutation of both types of transporter results in avirulence, implying that one or more Mn2+-dependent enzymes is essential for pathogenesis. This review summarizes current literature on Mn2+ transport, primarily in the Bacteria but with relevant comparisons to the Archaea and Eukaryota. Mn2+-dependent enzymes are then discussed along with some speculations as to their role(s) in cellular physiology, again primarily in Bacteria. It is of particular interest that most of the enzymes which interconvert phosphoglycerate, pyruvate, and oxaloacetate intermediates are either strictly Mn2+-dependent or highly stimulated by Mn2+. This suggests that Mn2+ may play an important role in central carbon metabolism. Further studies will be required, however, to determine whether these or other actions of Mn2+ within the cell are the relevant factors in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Kehres
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-4965, USA.
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Belinky PA, Goldberg D, Krinfeld B, Burger M, Rothschild N, Cogan U, Dosoretz CG. Manganese-containing superoxide dismutase from the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium: its function, expression and gene structure. Enzyme Microb Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(02)00180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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