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Zuo S, Sasitharan V, Di Tanna GL, Vonk JM, De Vries M, Sherif M, Ádám B, Rivillas JC, Gallo V. Is exposure to pesticides associated with biological aging? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2024:102390. [PMID: 38925480 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to pesticides is a risk factor for various diseases, yet its association with biological aging remains unclear. We aimed to systematically investigate the relationship between pesticide exposure and biological aging. METHODS PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched from inception to August 2023. Observational studies investigating the association between pesticide exposure and biomarkers of biological aging were included. Three-level random-effect meta-analysis was used to synthesize the data. Risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS Twenty studies evaluating the associations between pesticide exposure and biomarkers of biological aging in 10,368 individuals were included. Sixteen reported telomere length and four reported epigenetic clocks. Meta-analysis showed no statistically significant associations between pesticide exposure and the Hannum clock (pooled β = 0.27; 95%CI: -0.25, 0.79), or telomere length (pooled Hedges'g = -0.46; 95%CI: -1.10, 0.19). However, the opposite direction of effect for the two outcomes showed an indication of possible accelerated biological aging. After removal of influential effect sizes or low-quality studies, shorter telomere length was found in higher-exposed populations. CONCLUSION The existing evidence for associations between pesticide exposure and biological aging is limited due to the scarcity of studies on epigenetic clocks and the substantial heterogeneity across studies examining telomere length. High-quality studies incorporating more biomarkers of biological aging, focusing more on active chemical ingredients of pesticides and accounting for potential confounders are needed to enhance our understanding of the impact of pesticides on biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zuo
- University of Groningen, Campus Fryslân, Department of Sustainable Health, Leeuwarden, Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | | | - Gian Luca Di Tanna
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Judith M Vonk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maaike De Vries
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Moustafa Sherif
- United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Balázs Ádám
- United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Juan Carlos Rivillas
- Imperial College London, MRC Centre Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Gallo
- University of Groningen, Campus Fryslân, Department of Sustainable Health, Leeuwarden, Netherlands
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2
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Ertunc O, Smearman E, Zheng Q, Hicks JL, Brosnan-Cashman JA, Jones T, Gomes-Alexandre C, Trabzonlu L, Meeker AK, De Marzo AM, Heaphy CM. Chromogenic detection of telomere lengths in situ aids the identification of precancerous lesions in the prostate. Prostate 2024; 84:148-157. [PMID: 37849074 PMCID: PMC10843147 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeres are terminal chromosomal elements that are essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity. The measurement of telomere content provides useful diagnostic and prognostic information, and fluorescent methods have been developed for this purpose. However, fluorescent-based tissue assays are cumbersome for investigators to undertake, both in research and clinical settings. METHODS A robust chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) approach was developed to visualize and quantify telomere content at single cell resolution in human prostate tissues, both frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE). RESULTS This new assay (telomere chromogenic in situ hybridization ["Telo-CISH"]) produces permanently stained slides that are viewable with a standard light microscope, thus avoiding the need for specialized equipment and storage. The assay is compatible with standard immunohistochemistry, thereby allowing simultaneous assessment of histomorphology, identification of specific cell types, and assessment of telomere status. In addition, Telo-CISH eliminates the problem of autofluorescent interference that frequently occurs with fluorescent-based methods. Using this new assay, we demonstrate successful application of Telo-CISH to help identify precancerous lesions in the prostate by the presence of markedly short telomeres specifically in the luminal epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS In summary, with fewer restrictions on the types of tissues that can be tested, and increased histologic information provided, the advantages presented by this novel chromogenic assay should extend the applicability of tissue-based telomere length assessment in research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Ertunc
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Erica Smearman
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Qizhi Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jessica L. Hicks
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Tracy Jones
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Levent Trabzonlu
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alan K. Meeker
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Institute at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Institute at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher M. Heaphy
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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3
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Rehkopf DH, Wojcicki JM, Haydel KF, Lin J, Smith DL, Kapphahn KI, Robinson TN. Changes in leukocyte telomere length among children with obesity participating in a behavioural weight control program. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e13082. [PMID: 37873898 PMCID: PMC10843039 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine changes in leukocyte telomere length (LTL) during and after a behavioural weight control program for children with obesity. METHODS We measured LTL among a cohort of 158 children 8-12 years of age with a body mass index greater than or equal to the 95th percentile for age and sex. Children were 55% female, 29% white, 52% Latinx, 8% Asian and 11% Pacific Islander, other or multiethnic. All children participated in a 6-month, family-based, group behavioural weight control program and were assessed before treatment, after treatment and 1 year after the end of treatment. To test the sample population slope of LTL over the intervention and maintenance time periods, we fit spline mixed-effect regression models. RESULTS LTL increased an average of 0.09 T/S units per year (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04 to 0.13; p = 0.0001) during the weight control program intervention period, followed by an average decline of -0.05 T/S units per year (95% CI -0.08 to -0.03; p < 0.0001) during the 1 year of follow-up after the completion of the intervention. Among 26 social, psychological, behavioural and physiological factors we examined, we did not find any predictors of these changes. CONCLUSIONS LTL increased in response to a behavioural weight control program among children with obesity, suggesting an impact on biological health and cellular aging from participation in a behavioural weight control intervention. LTL may be a useful biomarker for assessing changes in response to behavioural interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Rehkopf
- Departments of Epidemiology and Population Health, Medicine, Pediatrics and Sociology, Stanford University
| | - Janet M. Wojcicki
- Departments of Pediatrics and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco
| | | | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco
| | - Dana L. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco
| | | | - Thomas N. Robinson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine and by courtesy Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University
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Coltell O, Asensio EM, Sorlí JV, Ortega-Azorín C, Fernández-Carrión R, Pascual EC, Barragán R, González JI, Estruch R, Alzate JF, Pérez-Fidalgo A, Portolés O, Ordovas JM, Corella D. Associations between the New DNA-Methylation-Based Telomere Length Estimator, the Mediterranean Diet and Genetics in a Spanish Population at High Cardiovascular Risk. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2004. [PMID: 38001857 PMCID: PMC10669035 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological aging is a relevant risk factor for chronic diseases, and several indicators for measuring this factor have been proposed, with telomere length (TL) among the most studied. Oxidative stress may regulate telomere shortening, which is implicated in the increased risk. Using a novel estimator for TL, we examined whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), a highly antioxidant-rich dietary pattern, is associated with longer TL. We determined TL using DNA methylation algorithms (DNAmTL) in 414 subjects at high cardiovascular risk from Spain. Adherence to the MedDiet was assessed by a validated score, and genetic variants in candidate genes and at the genome-wide level were analyzed. We observed several significant associations (p < 0.05) between DNAmTL and candidate genes (TERT, TERF2, RTEL1, and DCAF4), contributing to the validity of DNAmTL as a biomarker in this population. Higher adherence to the MedDiet was associated with lower odds of having a shorter TL in the whole sample (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.85-0.99; p = 0.049 after fully multivariate adjustment). Nevertheless, this association was stronger in women than in men. Likewise, in women, we observed a direct association between adherence to the MedDiet score and DNAmTL as a continuous variable (beta = 0.015; SE: 0.005; p = 0.003), indicating that a one-point increase in adherence was related to an average increase of 0.015 ± 0.005 kb in TL. Upon examination of specific dietary items within the global score, we found that fruits, fish, "sofrito", and whole grains exhibited the strongest associations in women. The novel score combining these items was significantly associated in the whole population. In the genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identified ten polymorphisms at the suggestive level of significance (p < 1 × 10-5) for DNAmTL (intergenics, in the IQSEC1, NCAPG2, and ABI3BP genes) and detected some gene-MedDiet modulations on DNAmTL. As this is the first study analyzing the DNAmTL estimator, genetics, and modulation by the MedDiet, more studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Coltell
- Department of Computer Languages and Systems, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
| | - Eva M. Asensio
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José V. Sorlí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Ortega-Azorín
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Fernández-Carrión
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva C. Pascual
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rocío Barragán
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José I. González
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan F. Alzate
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica—CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria—SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Fidalgo
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.P.-F.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer (CIBERONC), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Portolés
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose M. Ordovas
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.P.-F.)
- Nutrition and Genomics, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program, IMDEA Food, UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.M.A.); (C.O.-A.); (J.I.G.); (R.E.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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5
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Ertunc O, Smearman E, Zheng Q, Hicks JL, Brosnan-Cashman JA, Jones T, Gomes-Alexandre C, Trabzonlu L, Meeker AK, De Marzo AM, Heaphy CM. Chromogenic detection of telomere lengths in situ aids the identification of precancerous lesions in the prostate. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.04.535575. [PMID: 37066381 PMCID: PMC10104079 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.04.535575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are terminal chromosomal elements that are essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity. The measurement of telomere content provides useful diagnostic and prognostic information, and fluorescent methods have been developed for this purpose. However, fluorescent-based tissue assays are cumbersome for investigators to undertake, both in research and clinical settings. Here, a robust chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) approach was developed to visualize and quantify telomere content at single cell resolution in human prostate tissues, both frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE). This new assay ("Telo-CISH") produces permanently stained slides that are viewable with a standard light microscope, thus avoiding the need for specialized equipment and storage. The assay is compatible with standard immunohistochemistry, thereby allowing simultaneous assessment of histomorphology, identification of specific cell types, and assessment of telomere status. In addition, Telo-CISH eliminates the problem of autofluorescent interference that frequently occurs with fluorescent-based methods. Using this new assay, we demonstrate successful application of Telo-CISH to help identify precancerous lesions in the prostate by the presence of markedly short telomeres specifically in the luminal epithelial cells. In summary, with fewer restrictions on the types of tissues that can be tested, and increased histologic information provided, the advantages presented by this novel chromogenic assay should extend the applicability of tissue-based telomere length assessment in research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Ertunc
- The Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Erica Smearman
- The Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Qizhi Zheng
- The Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Jessica L. Hicks
- The Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | | - Tracy Jones
- The Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | | - Levent Trabzonlu
- The Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Alan K. Meeker
- The Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- The Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- The Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Institute at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- The Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- The Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- The Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Institute at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher M. Heaphy
- The Department of Medicine, Boston University, School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Department Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University, School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Gopcevic KR, Gkaliagkousi E, Nemcsik J, Acet Ö, Bernal-Lopez MR, Bruno RM, Climie RE, Fountoulakis N, Fraenkel E, Lazaridis A, Navickas P, Rochfort KD, Šatrauskienė A, Zupkauskienė J, Terentes-Printzios D. Pathophysiology of Circulating Biomarkers and Relationship With Vascular Aging: A Review of the Literature From VascAgeNet Group on Circulating Biomarkers, European Cooperation in Science and Technology Action 18216. Front Physiol 2021; 12:789690. [PMID: 34970157 PMCID: PMC8712891 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.789690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of the arteries is a product of sustained exposure to various deleterious factors and progresses with time; a phenomenon inherent to vascular aging. Oxidative stress, inflammation, the accumulation of harmful agents in high cardiovascular risk conditions, changes to the extracellular matrix, and/or alterations of the epigenetic modification of molecules, are all vital pathophysiological processes proven to contribute to vascular aging, and also lead to changes in levels of associated circulating molecules. Many of these molecules are consequently recognized as markers of vascular impairment and accelerated vascular aging in clinical and research settings, however, for these molecules to be classified as biomarkers of vascular aging, further criteria must be met. In this paper, we conducted a scoping literature review identifying thirty of the most important, and eight less important, biomarkers of vascular aging. Herein, we overview a selection of the most important molecules connected with the above-mentioned pathological conditions and study their usefulness as circulating biomarkers of vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina R. Gopcevic
- Laboratory for Analytics of Biomolecules, Department of Chemistry in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - János Nemcsik
- Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Health Service of ZUGLO, Department of Family Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ömür Acet
- Vocational School of Health Science, Pharmacy Services Program, Tarsus University, Tarsus, Turkey
| | - M. Rosa Bernal-Lopez
- Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga, University of Malaga, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Bruno
- Unversite de Paris, INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Rachel E. Climie
- Unversite de Paris, INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Sports Cardiology Lab, Clinical Research Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nikolaos Fountoulakis
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London - Waterloo Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emil Fraenkel
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Antonios Lazaridis
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Petras Navickas
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Keith D. Rochfort
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Agnė Šatrauskienė
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Centre of Cardiology and Angiology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jūratė Zupkauskienė
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dimitrios Terentes-Printzios
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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AlDehaini DMB, Al-Bustan SA, Ali ME, Malalla ZHA, Sater M, Giha HA. Shortening of the leucocytes' telomeres length in T2DM independent of age and telomerase activity. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57:1287-1295. [PMID: 32500358 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to examine the role of plasma telomerase (TE), plasma insulin, patient's age and disease duration in determination of the leucocytes' telomeres length (LTL) in T2DM. METHODS Blood samples from Kuwaiti patients with T2DM (110) and non-diabetic subjects (94) were analyzed by SYBR Green Quantitative PCR for estimation of the Absolute Human Telomere Length and by ELISA for estimation of the TE activity and insulin level. The body mass index (BMI) and HOMA-IR were calculated. RESULTS The results revealed marked shortening of the LTL in T2DM compared with the non-diabetic subjects (6.068, 2.276-11.652 vs. 10.979, 6.495-23.402 kb), p < 0.001, while the TE concentration was comparable between the two groups (3.16, 0.00-6.02 vs. 4.16, 1.38-7.94 U/L, respectively), p 0.100. Importantly, in T2DM the LTL did not vary significantly with the disease duration (1 month to 40 years), p 0.959, and did not correlate with age, BMI, insulin-resistance, or glycemic parameters. Interestingly, there was a positive correlation between the LTL and insulin levels in T2DM (CC 0.211, p 0.0419). Finally, in non-diabetic subjects, HbA1c ≥ 6% was associated significantly with shorter LTL, this observation together with the lack of association of the LTL with the disease duration, suggests a causal role of short telomeres in T2DM development. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the LTL shortening in T2DM in Kuwaiti Arabs, and showed that the LTL was independent of age and TE activity but positively influenced by insulin levels. Furthermore, the study suggested that telomeres shortening could be a risk factor for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhuha M B AlDehaini
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS), Arabian Gulf University (AGU), P.O. Box 26671, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Farwaniya Hospital, P.O. Box. 13373, 81004, Farwaniya, Kuwait
| | - Suzanne A Al-Bustan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Muhalab E Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS), Arabian Gulf University (AGU), P.O. Box 26671, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Zainab Hasan Abdulla Malalla
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS), Arabian Gulf University (AGU), P.O. Box 26671, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Mai Sater
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS), Arabian Gulf University (AGU), P.O. Box 26671, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Hayder A Giha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS), Arabian Gulf University (AGU), P.O. Box 26671, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain.
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8
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Ustaoglu M, Bektas A, Bedir A, Bakir T, Duzgun A, Nar R, Ecemis O, Aslan R. The telomere length of gastric mucosal samples and peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients who have undergone Billroth II distal gastrectomy. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:577-583. [PMID: 32399105 PMCID: PMC7212211 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.94656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Telomeres play an important role in maintaining chromosomal integrity. Functional loss of telomeres increases the risk of cancer by causing genomic instability. Telomere length abnormalities have been reported in several precancerous lesions. There is no study that evaluates telomere length in Billroth II distal gastrectomy, which is known as a risk factor for gastric stump carcinogenesis, in the literature. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the telomere length of residual gastric mucosal samples, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and other clinicopathological parameters of patients who had undergone Billroth II distal gastrectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS There were two groups: a control group (n = 15) and a patient group (n = 15). In all cases, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed, and biopsies were taken during endoscopy. Telomere lengths were measured by qRT-PCR. RESULTS It was observed that the lengths of the telomeres were shortened as the time of postoperative period increased in the patient group (r = -0.126) (p > 0.05). Also, the lengths of the telomeres were shortened in chronic inflammation, neutrophil activity, glandular atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia. CONCLUSIONS The telomere length was shortened as the time of postoperative period increased in the patient group. The telomeres were also shorter in chronic inflammation, neutrophil activity, intestinal metaplasia, and glandular atrophy, in all of the study groups. Telomere length abnormalities in gastric stump carcinogenesis process may be a guide for early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muge Ustaoglu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bektas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Abdulkerim Bedir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Tulay Bakir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Aynur Duzgun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Rukiye Nar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Ecemis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Rahmi Aslan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
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9
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Dorajoo R, Chang X, Gurung RL, Li Z, Wang L, Wang R, Beckman KB, Adams-Haduch J, M Y, Liu S, Meah WY, Sim KS, Lim SC, Friedlander Y, Liu J, van Dam RM, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Khor CC, Heng CK. Loci for human leukocyte telomere length in the Singaporean Chinese population and trans-ethnic genetic studies. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2491. [PMID: 31171785 PMCID: PMC6554354 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors underlying leukocyte telomere length (LTL) may provide insights into telomere homeostasis, with direct links to disease susceptibility. Genetic evaluation of 23,096 Singaporean Chinese samples identifies 10 genome-wide loci (P < 5 × 10-8). Several of these contain candidate genes (TINF2, PARP1, TERF1, ATM and POT1) with potential roles in telomere biology and DNA repair mechanisms. Meta-analyses with additional 37,505 European individuals reveals six more genome-wide loci, including associations at MPHOSPH6, NKX2-3 and TYMS. We demonstrate that longer LTL associates with protection against respiratory disease mortality [HR = 0.854(0.804-0.906), P = 1.88 × 10-7] in the Singaporean Chinese samples. We further show that the LTL reducing SNP rs7253490 associates with respiratory infections (P = 7.44 × 10-4) although this effect may not be strongly mediated through LTL. Our data expands on the genetic basis of LTL and may indicate on a potential role of LTL in immune competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Xuling Chang
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Resham Lal Gurung
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, 768828, Singapore
| | - Zheng Li
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Ling Wang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Kenneth B Beckman
- University of Minnesota Genomics Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jennifer Adams-Haduch
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Yiamunaa M
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, 768828, Singapore
| | - Sylvia Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, 768828, Singapore
| | - Wee Yang Meah
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Kar Seng Sim
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, 768828, Singapore
- Diabetes Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, 768828, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 12272, Israel
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore.
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
- Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
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10
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Athanasoulia-Kaspar AP, Auer MK, Stalla GK, Jakovcevski M. Shorter telomeres associated with high doses of glucocorticoids: the link to increased mortality? Endocr Connect 2018; 7:/journals/ec/aop/ec-18-0362.xml. [PMID: 30352410 PMCID: PMC6215799 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas exhibit high morbidity and mortality rates. Growth hormone deficiency and high doses of glucocorticoid substitution therapy have been identified as corresponding risk factors. Interestingly, high levels of endogenous cortisol in, e.g., patients with post-traumatic stress disorder or patients with Cushing's disease have been linked to shorter telomere length. Telomeres are noncoding DNA regions located at the end of chromosomes consisting of repetitive DNA sequences which shorten with ageing and hereby determine cell survival. Therefore, telomere length can serve as a predictor for the onset of disease and mortality in some endocrine disorders (e.g., Cushing's disease). DESIGN/METHODS We examine telomere length from blood in patients (n = 115) with non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) in a cross-sectional case control (n = 106, age-, gender- matched) study using qPCR. Linear regression models were used to identify independent predictors of telomere length. RESULTS We show that patients with NFPA exhibited shorter telomeres than controls. No significant association of indices of growth hormone deficiency (IGF-1-level-SDS, years of unsubstituted growth hormone deficiency etc.) with telomere length was detected. Interestingly, linear regression analysis showed that hydrocortisone replacement dosage in patients with adrenal insufficiency (n = 52) was a significant predictor for shorter telomere length (β = 0.377; p = 0.018) independent of potential confounders. Median split analysis revealed that higher hydrocortisone intake (> 20 mg) was associated with significantly shorter telomeres. CONCLUSION These observations strengthen the importance of adjusted glucocorticoid treatment in NFPA patients with respect to morbidity and mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias K Auer
- Clinical NeuroendocrinologyMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter K Stalla
- Clinical NeuroendocrinologyMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Mira Jakovcevski
- Department of Stress Neurobiology and NeurogeneticsMax Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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11
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Heidary H, Pouresmaeili F, Mirfakhraie R, Omrani MD, Ghaedi H, Fazeli Z, Sayban S, Ghafouri-Fard S, Azargashb E, Shokri F. An Association Study between Longitudinal Changes of Leukocyte Telomere and the Risk of Azoospermia in a Population of Iranian Infertile Men. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2018; 22:231-6. [PMID: 29704891 PMCID: PMC5949125 DOI: 10.22034/ibj.22.4.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Telomeres are evolutionary, specialized terminal structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes containing TTAGGG repeats in human. Several human diseases have been known to be associated with dramatic changes in telomere length. The aim of the present study was to assess the correlation between the relative leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and infertility in a group of Iranian azoospermic males. Methods: In this case-control pilot study, relative telomere length (RTL) of peripheral blood leukocytes from a total of 30 idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermic males and 30 healthy fertile males was evaluated using real-time PCR. RTL was calculated as T (telomere)/S (single copy gene) ratio and compared between infertile and fertile groups. Results: Patients with azoospermia showed significantly shorter RTL than fertile males (0.54 vs. 0.84, p < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was estimated to be 99.8%, suggesting LTL as a potential marker for the diagnosis of azoospermia. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated a probable association between telomere shortening and azoospermia in a population of Iranian infertile men affected by idiopathic azoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Heidary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Pouresmaeili
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center (IRHRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mirfakhraie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghaedi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Fazeli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Sayban
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eznollah Azargashb
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlollah Shokri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Tolios A, Teupser D, Holdt LM. Preanalytical Conditions and DNA Isolation Methods Affect Telomere Length Quantification in Whole Blood. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143889. [PMID: 26636575 PMCID: PMC4670203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are located at chromosome ends and their length (TL) has been associated with aging and human diseases such as cancer. Whole blood DNA is frequently used for TL measurements but the influence of preanalytical conditions and DNA isolation methods on TL quantification has not been thoroughly investigated. To evaluate potential preanalytical as well as methodological bias on TL, anonymized leftover EDTA-whole blood samples were pooled according to leukocyte counts and were incubated with and without actinomycin D to induce apoptosis as a prototype of sample degradation. DNA was isolated from fresh blood pools and after freezing at -80°C. Commercially available kits using beads (Invitrogen), spin columns (Qiagen, Macherey-Nagel and 5prime) or precipitation (Stratec/Invisorb) and a published isopropanol precipitation protocol (IPP) were used for DNA isolation. TL was assessed by qPCR, and normalized to the single copy reference gene 36B4 using two established single-plex and a new multiplex protocol. We show that the method of DNA isolation significantly affected TL (e.g. 1.86-fold longer TL when comparing IPP vs. Invitrogen). Sample degradation led to an average TL decrease of 22% when using all except for one DNA isolation method (5prime). Preanalytical storage conditions did not affect TL with exception of samples that were isolated with the 5prime kit, where a 27% increase in TL was observed after freezing. Finally, performance of the multiplex qPCR protocol was comparable to the single-plex assays, but showed superior time- and cost-effectiveness and required > 80% less DNA. Findings of the current study highlight the need for standardization of whole blood processing and DNA isolation in clinical study settings to avoid preanalytical bias of TL quantification and show that multiplex assays may improve TL/SCG measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tolios
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Teupser
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lesca M Holdt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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13
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The relationship between telomere length and clinicopathologic characteristics in colorectal cancers among Tunisian patients. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8703-13. [PMID: 26047604 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in telomere dynamics have emerged as having a causative role in carcinogenesis. Both the telomere attrition contribute to tumor initiation via increasing chromosomal instability and that the telomere elongation induces cell immortalization and leads to tumor progression. The objectives of this study are to investigate the dynamics of telomere length in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the clinicopathological parameters implicated. We measured the relative telomere length (RTL) in cancerous tissues and in corresponding peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) using quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) from 94 patients with CRC. Telomere length correlated significantly in cancer tissues and corresponding PBL (r = 0.705). Overall, cancer tissue had shorter telomeres than PBL (p = 0.033). In both cancer tissue and PBL, the RTL was significantly correlated with age groups (p = 0.008 and p = 0.012, respectively). The RTL in cancer tissue was significantly longer in rectal tumors (p = 0.04) and in the late stage of tumors (p = 0.01). In PBL, the RTL was significantly correlated with the macroscopic aspect of tumors (p = 0.02). In addition, the telomere-length ratio of cancer to corresponding PBL increased significantly with late-stage groups. Shortening of the telomere was detected in 44.7%, elongation in 36.2%, and telomeres were unchanged in 19.1% of 94 tumors. Telomere shortening occurred more frequently in the early stage of tumors (p = 0.01). This study suggests that the telomere length in PBL is affected by the macroscopic aspect of tumors and that telomere length in cancer tissues is a marker for progression of CRC and depends on tumor-origin site.
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14
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Telomere shortening associated with increased genomic complexity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8317-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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15
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Aulinas A, Ramírez MJ, Barahona MJ, Valassi E, Resmini E, Mato E, Santos A, Crespo I, Bell O, Surrallés J, Webb SM. Dyslipidemia and chronic inflammation markers are correlated with telomere length shortening in Cushing's syndrome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120185. [PMID: 25799396 PMCID: PMC4370384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cushing’s syndrome (CS) increases cardiovascular risk (CVR) and adipocytokine imbalance, associated with an increased inflammatory state. Telomere length (TL) shortening is a novel CVR marker, associated with inflammation biomarkers. We hypothesized that inflammatory state and higher CVR in CS might be related to TL shortening, as observed in premature aging. Aim To evaluate relationships between TL, CVR and inflammation markers in CS. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 77 patients with CS (14 males, 59 pituitary-, 17 adrenal- and 1 ectopic-origin; 21 active disease) and 77 age-, gender-, smoking-matched controls were included. Total white blood cell TL was measured by TRF-Southern technique. Clinical data and blood samples were collected (lipids, adrenal function, glucose). Adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were available in a subgroup of patients (n=32). Correlations between TL and clinical features were examined and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate potential predictors of TL. Results Dyslipidemic CS had shorter TL than non-dyslipidemic subjects (7328±1274 vs 7957±1137 bp, p<0.05). After adjustment for age and body mass index, cured and active CS dyslipidemic patients had shorter TL than non-dyslipidemic CS (cured: 7187±1309 vs 7868±1104; active: 7203±1262 vs 8615±1056, respectively, p<0.05). Total cholesterol and triglycerides negatively correlated with TL (r-0.279 and -0.259, respectively, p<0.05), as well as CRP and IL6 (r-0.412 and -0.441, respectively, p<0.05). No difference in TL according the presence of other individual CVR factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity) were observed in CS or in the control group. Additional TL shortening was observed in dyslipidemic obese patients who were also hypertensive, compared to those with two or less CVR factors (6956±1280 vs 7860±1180, respectively, p<0.001). Age and dyslipidemia were independent negative predictors of TL. Conclusion TL is shortened in dyslipidemic CS patients, further worse if hypertension and/or obesity coexist and is negatively correlated with increased inflammation markers. Increased lipids and a “low” grade inflammation may contribute to TL shortening and consequently to premature ageing and increased morbidity in CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aulinas
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Endocrinology/Medicine Departments, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - María-José Ramírez
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Department of Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 745), ISCIII, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-José Barahona
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Endocrinology Department, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Valassi
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Endocrinology/Medicine Departments, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugenia Resmini
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Endocrinology/Medicine Departments, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugènia Mato
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Endocrinology/Medicine Departments, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Santos
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Endocrinology/Medicine Departments, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Crespo
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Endocrinology/Medicine Departments, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Bell
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Endocrinology/Medicine Departments, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Surrallés
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Department of Genetics and Microbiology and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 745), ISCIII, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susan M. Webb
- Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Endocrinology/Medicine Departments, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
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Saum KU, Dieffenbach AK, Müezzinler A, Müller H, Holleczek B, Stegmaier C, Butterbach K, Schick M, Canzian F, Stammer H, Boukamp P, Hauer K, Brenner H. Frailty and telomere length: Cross-sectional analysis in 3537 older adults from the ESTHER cohort. Exp Gerontol 2014; 58:250-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Hirashio S, Nakashima A, Doi S, Anno K, Aoki E, Shimamoto A, Yorioka N, Kohno N, Masaki T, Tahara H. Telomeric g-tail length and hospitalization for cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 9:2117-22. [PMID: 25237070 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.10010913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Telomeric G-tails play a pivotal role in maintaining the intramolecular loop structure of telomeres. Previous in vitro studies have suggested that the erosion of telomeric G-tails triggers cellular senescence, leading to organ dysfunction and atherosclerosis. The authors recently established a method to measure telomeric G-tail length using a hybridization protection assay. Using this method, this study investigated whether telomeric G-tail length could be used as a novel predictor for future cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS A prospective observational study was performed involving a cohort of 203 Japanese hemodialysis patients to examine the lengths of telomeric G-tails and total telomeres and subsequent cardiovascular events during a median follow-up period of 48 months. The lengths of telomeric G-tails and total telomeres were also measured in 203 participants who did not have CKD and who were age- and sex-matched to hemodialysis patients. RESULTS The lengths of telomeric G-tails and total telomeres were significantly shorter in hemodialysis patients than in control subjects. Telomeric G-tails, but not total telomeres, were independently and negatively associated with clinical history of cardiovascular disease. During follow-up, 80 cardiovascular events occurred. Total telomere length did not predict cardiovascular events. However, the length of telomeric G-tails was associated with new-onset cardiovascular events (hazard ratio per log luminescence signals, 0.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.12 to 0.50) that persisted after adjustment for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, clinical history of cardiovascular disease, inflammation, use of vitamin D, and serum levels of phosphate and intact parathyroid hormone. CONCLUSIONS Longer telomeric G-tail length is associated with a lower risk of future cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuma Hirashio
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Doi
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kumiko Anno
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Biology and
| | - Eriko Aoki
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Biology and
| | | | - Noriaki Yorioka
- General Incorporated Association Hiroshima Kidney Organization, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuoki Kohno
- Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; and
| | - Takao Masaki
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
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DeFilippis RA, Fordyce C, Patten K, Chang H, Zhao J, Fontenay GV, Kerlikowske K, Parvin B, Tlsty TD. Stress signaling from human mammary epithelial cells contributes to phenotypes of mammographic density. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5032-5044. [PMID: 25172842 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Telomere malfunction and other types of DNA damage induce an activin A-dependent stress response in mortal nontumorigenic human mammary epithelial cells that subsequently induces desmoplastic-like phenotypes in neighboring fibroblasts. Some characteristics of this fibroblast/stromal response, such as reduced adipocytes and increased extracellular matrix content, are observed not only in tumor tissues but also in disease-free breast tissues at high risk for developing cancer, especially high mammographic density tissues. We found that these phenotypes are induced by repression of the fatty acid translocase CD36, which is seen in desmoplastic and disease-free high mammographic density tissues. In this study, we show that epithelial cells from high mammographic density tissues have more DNA damage signaling, shorter telomeres, increased activin A secretion and an altered DNA damage response compared with epithelial cells from low mammographic density tissues. Strikingly, both telomere malfunction and activin A expression in epithelial cells can repress CD36 expression in adjacent fibroblasts. These results provide new insights into how high mammographic density arises and why it is associated with breast cancer risk, with implications for the definition of novel invention targets (e.g., activin A and CD36) to prevent breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Anna DeFilippis
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Colleen Fordyce
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Kelley Patten
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Hang Chang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | | | - Karla Kerlikowske
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Bahram Parvin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Thea D Tlsty
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The exciting discovery that telomere shortening is associated with many health conditions and that telomere lengths can be altered in response to social and environmental exposures has underscored the need for methods to accurately and consistently quantify telomere length. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive summary that compares and contrasts the current technologies used to assess telomere length. DISCUSSION Multiple methods have been developed for the study of telomeres. These techniques include quantification of telomere length by terminal restriction fragmentation-which was one of the earliest tools used for length assessment-making it the gold standard in telomere biology. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction provides the advantage of being able to use smaller amounts of DNA, thereby making it amenable to epidemiology studies involving large numbers of people. An alternative method uses fluorescent probes to quantify not only mean telomere lengths but also chromosome-specific telomere lengths; however, the downside of this approach is that it can only be used on mitotically active cells. Additional methods that permit assessment of the length of a subset of chromosome-specific telomeres or the subset of telomeres that demonstrate shortening are also reviewed. CONCLUSION Given the increased utility for telomere assessments as a biomarker in physiological, psychological, and biobehavioral research, it is important that investigators become familiar with the methodological nuances of the various procedures used for measuring telomere length. This will ensure that they are empowered to select an optimal assessment approach to meet the needs of their study designs. Gaining a better understanding of the benefits and drawbacks of various measurement techniques is important not only in individual studies, but also to further establish the science of telomere associations with biobehavioral phenomena.
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Aulinas A, Ramírez MJ, Barahona MJ, Valassi E, Resmini E, Mato E, Santos A, Crespo I, Bell O, Surrallés J, Webb SM. Telomere length analysis in Cushing's syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2014; 171:21-9. [PMID: 24743394 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypercortisolism in Cushing's syndrome (CS) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Hypercortisolism also occurs in chronic depressive disorders and stress, where telomere length (TL) is shorter than in controls. We hypothesized that shortening of telomere might occur in CS and contribute to premature aging and morbidity. AIM To investigate TL in CS patients compared with controls. METHODS Seventy-seven CS patients (14 males, 59 pituitary, 17 adrenal, and one ectopic; 21 with active disease) were compared with 77 gender-, age-, and smoking-matched controls. Fifteen CS were evaluated longitudinally, during active disease and after remission of hypercortisolism. Leukocyte TL was measured by telomere restriction fragment-Southern technique. Clinical markers were included in a multiple linear regression analysis to investigate potential predictors of TL. RESULTS Mean TL in CS patients and controls was similar (7667 vs 7483 bp, NS). After adjustment for age, in the longitudinal evaluation, TL was shorter in active disease than after remission (7273 vs 7870, P<0.05). Age and dyslipidemia were negative predictors (P<0.05), and total leukocyte count was a positive predictor for TL (P<0.05). As expected, a negative correlation was found between TL and age (CS, R=-0.400 and controls, R=-0.292; P<0.05). No correlation was found between circulating cortisol, duration of exposure to hypercortisolism or biochemical cure and TL. CONCLUSION Even though in the cross-sectional comparison of CS and controls no difference in TL was found, in the longitudinal evaluation, patients with active CS had shorter TL than after biochemical cure of hypercortisolism. These preliminary results suggest that hypercortisolism might negatively impact telomere maintenance. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aulinas
- Endocrinology/Medicine DepartmentsSant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei d'Endocrinologia, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Genetics and MicrobiologyCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 745), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentHospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, SpainCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747)ISCIII, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Bioenginnering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-José Ramírez
- Endocrinology/Medicine DepartmentsSant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei d'Endocrinologia, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Genetics and MicrobiologyCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 745), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentHospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, SpainCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747)ISCIII, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Bioenginnering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-José Barahona
- Endocrinology/Medicine DepartmentsSant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei d'Endocrinologia, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Genetics and MicrobiologyCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 745), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentHospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, SpainCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747)ISCIII, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Bioenginnering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology/Medicine DepartmentsSant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei d'Endocrinologia, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Genetics and MicrobiologyCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 745), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentHospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, SpainCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747)ISCIII, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Bioenginnering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Valassi
- Endocrinology/Medicine DepartmentsSant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei d'Endocrinologia, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Genetics and MicrobiologyCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 745), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentHospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, SpainCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747)ISCIII, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Bioenginnering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology/Medicine DepartmentsSant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei d'Endocrinologia, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Genetics and MicrobiologyCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 745), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentHospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, SpainCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747)ISCIII, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Bioenginnering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugenia Resmini
- Endocrinology/Medicine DepartmentsSant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei d'Endocrinologia, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Genetics and MicrobiologyCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 745), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentHospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, SpainCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747)ISCIII, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Bioenginnering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology/Medicine DepartmentsSant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei d'Endocrinologia, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Genetics and MicrobiologyCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 745), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentHospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, SpainCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747)ISCIII, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Bioenginnering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugènia Mato
- Endocrinology/Medicine DepartmentsSant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei d'Endocrinologia, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Genetics and MicrobiologyCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 745), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentHospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, SpainCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747)ISCIII, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Bioenginnering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology/Medicine DepartmentsSant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei d'Endocrinologia, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Genetics and MicrobiologyCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 745), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentHospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, SpainCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747)ISCIII, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Bioenginnering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Santos
- Endocrinology/Medicine DepartmentsSant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei d'Endocrinologia, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Genetics and MicrobiologyCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 745), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentHospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, SpainCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747)ISCIII, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Bioenginnering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology/Medicine DepartmentsSant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei d'Endocrinologia, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Genetics and MicrobiologyCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 745), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentHospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, SpainCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747)ISCIII, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Bioenginnering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Crespo
- Endocrinology/Medicine DepartmentsSant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei d'Endocrinologia, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Genetics and MicrobiologyCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 745), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentHospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, SpainCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747)ISCIII, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Bioenginnering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology/Medicine DepartmentsSant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei d'Endocrinologia, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Genetics and MicrobiologyCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 745), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentHospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, SpainCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747)ISCIII, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Bioenginnering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Bell
- Endocrinology/Medicine DepartmentsSant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei d'Endocrinologia, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Genetics and MicrobiologyCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 745), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentHospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, SpainCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747)ISCIII, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Bioenginnering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology/Medicine DepartmentsSant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei d'Endocrinologia, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Genetics and MicrobiologyCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 745), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentHospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, SpainCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747)ISCIII, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Bioenginnering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Surrallés
- Endocrinology/Medicine DepartmentsSant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei d'Endocrinologia, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Genetics and MicrobiologyCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 745), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentHospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, SpainCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747)ISCIII, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Bioenginnering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susan M Webb
- Endocrinology/Medicine DepartmentsSant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei d'Endocrinologia, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Genetics and MicrobiologyCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 745), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentHospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, SpainCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747)ISCIII, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Bioenginnering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology/Medicine DepartmentsSant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei d'Endocrinologia, C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Genetics and MicrobiologyCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 745), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentHospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, SpainCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER Unit 747)ISCIII, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, SpainEndocrinology DepartmentCenter for Biomedical Network Research on Bioenginnering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Wang N, Rizvydeen S, Vahedi M, Vargas Gonzalez DM, Allred AL, Perry DW, Mirabito PM, Kirk KE. Novel telomere-anchored PCR approach for studying sexual stage telomeres in Aspergillus nidulans. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99491. [PMID: 24927411 PMCID: PMC4057176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere length varies between germline and somatic cells of the same organism, leading to the hypothesis that telomeres are lengthened during meiosis. However, little is known about the meiotic telomere length in many organisms. In the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, the telomere lengths in hyphae and asexual spores are invariant. No study using existing techniques has determined the telomere length of the sexual ascospores due to the relatively low abundance of pure meiotic cells in A. nidulans and the small quantity of DNA present. To address this, we developed a simple and sensitive PCR strategy to measure the telomere length of A. nidulans meiotic cells. This novel technique, termed “telomere-anchored PCR,” measures the length of the telomere on chromosome II-L using a small fraction of the DNA required for the traditional terminal restriction fragment (TRF) Southern analysis. Using this approach, we determined that the A. nidulans ascospore telomere length is virtually identical to telomeres of other cell types from this organism, approximately 110 bp, indicating that a surprisingly strict telomere length regulation exists in the major cell types of A. nidulans. When the hyphal telomeres were measured in a telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) knockout strain, small decreases in length were readily detected. Thus, this technique can detect telomeres in relatively rare cell types and is particularly sensitive in measuring exceptionally short telomeres. This rapid and inexpensive telomere-anchored PCR method potentially can be utilized in other filamentous fungi and types of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengding Wang
- Biology Department, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Saajidha Rizvydeen
- Biology Department, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mithaq Vahedi
- Biology Department, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Amanda L. Allred
- Biology Department, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Dustin W. Perry
- Biology Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Peter M. Mirabito
- Biology Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Karen E. Kirk
- Biology Department, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Haghighi MM, Aghagolzadeh P, Zadeh SM, Molaei M, Zali MR, Radpour R. Telomere shortening: a biological marker of sporadic colorectal cancer with normal expression of p53 and mismatch repair proteins. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2014; 18:236-44. [PMID: 24495131 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2013.0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled growth of cells, a main criterion of cancer, is merged with pathologic telomere length alteration. Thereby, measurement of telomere length could provide important information on cell proliferation and senescence in cancer tissues. Telomere shortening and its potential correlation with clinicopathological predictive markers in sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) with normal expression of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins (including Mlh1, Msh2, Pms2, and Msh6) and normal p53 expression was completely explored. Relative telomere length (RTL) was quantitatively measured in a cohort of 164 samples (68 patients with sporadic CRC and 96 healthy unrelated controls). Our results demonstrated a significant shortening of RTL in the tumor-derived tissue of patients compared with the control group (p<0.001). Interestingly, significant telomere shortening was observed in tumors from an ascending and sigmoid colon in comparison with tumors located in a descending colon. Additionally, the telomere length was significantly shorter in those with lymph node metastasis (p<0.05). The results suggest that pathological telomere shortening, leading to genome instability and lymphatic transformation, could serve as a potential sensitive detection and also as a classification marker for facilitating diagnosis and management of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Montazer Haghighi
- 1 Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Islamic Azad University , East Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Telomeres in molecular epidemiology studies. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 125:113-31. [PMID: 24993700 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-397898-1.00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are long nucleotide repeats and protein complexes at the ends of chromosomes that are essential for maintaining chromosomal stability. They shorten with each cell division, and therefore, telomere length is a marker for cellular aging and senescence. Epidemiological research of telomeres investigates the role that these genetic structures have in disease risk and mortality in human populations. This chapter provides an overview of the current telomere epidemiology research and discusses approaches taken in these investigations. We also highlight important methodological considerations that may affect data interpretation.
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Ballew BJ, Savage SA. Updates on the biology and management of dyskeratosis congenita and related telomere biology disorders. Expert Rev Hematol 2013; 6:327-37. [PMID: 23782086 DOI: 10.1586/ehm.13.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a cancer-prone inherited bone marrow failure syndrome caused by aberrant telomere biology. The mucocutaneous triad of nail dysplasia, abnormal skin pigmentation and oral leukoplakia is diagnostic, but is not always present; DC can also be diagnosed by the presence of very short leukocyte telomeres. Patients with DC are at high risk of bone marrow failure, pulmonary fibrosis, liver disease, cancer and other medical problems. Germline mutations in one of nine genes associated with telomere maintenance are present in approximately 60% of patients. DC is one among the group of clinically and biologically related telomere biology disorders, including Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome, Revesz syndrome, Coats plus (also known as cranioretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts) and subsets of aplastic anemia, pulmonary fibrosis, nonalcoholic and noninfectious liver disease and leukemia. The authors review the pathobiology that connects DC and the related telomere biology disorders, methods of diagnosis and management modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bari J Ballew
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Blvd. EPS 7018, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
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25
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Aulinas A, Ramírez MJ, Barahona MJ, Mato E, Bell O, Surrallés J, Webb SM. Telomeres and endocrine dysfunction of the adrenal and GH/IGF-1 axes. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 79:751-9. [PMID: 23937625 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres, located at the end of linear chromosomes, are essential to maintain genomic stability. Telomere biology has recently emerged as an important player in the fields of ageing and disease. To maintain telomere length (TL) and reduce its degradation after mitosis, the telomerase enzyme complex is produced. Genetic, epigenetic, hormonal and environmental factors can regulate telomerase function. These include stress hormones such as cortisol and growth factors. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been evaluated in psychiatric diseases where hypercortisolism and oxidative stress are often present. Some researches have linked TL shortening to increases in stress-related cortisol, but others have not. The effects of cortisol on the telomere system are complex and may depend on the intensity and duration of exposure. On the other hand, low levels of IGF-1 are associated with inflammation and ageing-related diseases (ischaemic heart disease, congestive heart failure). Both IGF-1 and TL diminish with age and are positively and strongly correlated with each other. It is not clear whether this positive correlation reflects a single association or a cause-effect relationship. Further research will ideally investigate longitudinal changes in telomeres and both these hormonal axes. To our knowledge, TL dysfunction has not been described in either endogenous hypercortisolism (Cushing's syndrome) or acromegaly where excessive amounts of GH and consequently IGF-1 are produced. This review focuses on the possible relationships between telomere dysfunction and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and GH-IGF-1 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aulinas
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Endocrinology/Medicine Departments, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Prolonged in vitro expansion partially affects phenotypic features and osteogenic potential of ovine amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:930-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Telomere, aging and age-related diseases. Aging Clin Exp Res 2013; 25:139-46. [PMID: 23739898 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-013-0021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable biological process that affects most living organisms. The process of aging is regulated at the level of the organism, as well as at the level of tissues and cells. Despite the enormous consequences associated with the aging process, relatively little systematic effort has been expended on the scientific understanding of this important life process. Many theories have been proposed to explain the aging process, the centerpiece of which is molecular damage. Located at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and synthesized by telomerase, telomeres maintain the stabilization of chromosomes. Thus, the loss of telomeres may lead to DNA damage. The relationship between cellular senescence and telomere shortening is well established. Furthermore, telomere attrition occurs with age, and is proposed to be a fundamental factor in the aging process. Here, we review the contemporary literatures to explore the current views on the correlation of telomere loss and telomerase action with aging and age-related diseases.
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Telomerase Activity Increased and Telomere Length Shortened in Peripheral Blood Cells from Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia. J Clin Immunol 2012; 33:577-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-012-9848-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Telomeres are long (TTAGGG)(n) nucleotide repeats and an associated protein complex located at the end of the chromosomes. They shorten with every cell division and, thus are markers for cellular aging, senescence, and replicative capacity. Telomere dysfunction is linked to several bone marrow disorders, including dyskeratosis congenita, aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and hematopoietic malignancies. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) provides an opportunity in which to study telomere dynamics in a high cell proliferative environment. Rapid telomere shortening of donor cells occurs in the recipient shortly after HSCT; the degree of telomere attrition does not appear to differ by graft source. As expected, telomeres are longer in recipients of grafts with longer telomeres (e.g., cord blood). Telomere attrition may play a role in, or be a marker of, long term outcome after HSCT, but these data are limited. In this review, we discuss telomere biology in normal and abnormal hematopoiesis, including HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahinaz M Gadalla
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
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Abstract
Telomere biology disorders are a complex set of illnesses defined by the presence of very short telomeres. Individuals with classic dyskeratosis congenita have the most severe phenotype, characterized by the triad of nail dystrophy, abnormal skin pigmentation, and oral leukoplakia. More significantly, these individuals are at very high risk of bone marrow failure, cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis. A mutation in one of six different telomere biology genes can be identified in 50–60% of these individuals. DKC1, TERC, TERT, NOP10, and NHP2 encode components of telomerase or a telomerase-associated factor and TINF2, a telomeric protein. Progressively shorter telomeres are inherited from generation to generation in autosomal dominant dyskeratosis congenita, resulting in disease anticipation. Up to 10% of individuals with apparently acquired aplastic anemia or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis also have short telomeres and mutations in TERC or TERT. Similar findings have been seen in individuals with liver fibrosis or acute myelogenous leukemia. This report reviews basic aspects of telomere biology and telomere length measurement, and the clinical and genetic features of those disorders that constitute our current understanding of the spectrum of illness caused by defects in telomere biology. We also suggest a grouping schema for the telomere disorders.
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Smith DL, Mattison JA, Desmond RA, Gardner JP, Kimura M, Roth GS, Ingram DK, Allison DB, Aviv A. Telomere dynamics in rhesus monkeys: no apparent effect of caloric restriction. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011; 66:1163-8. [PMID: 21860014 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glr136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of telomere attrition in limiting the replicative capacity of cells in culture is well established. In humans, epidemiologic evidence suggests telomere length (TL) in leukocytes is highly variable at birth and inversely related to age. Although calorie restriction (CR) significantly increases life span in most rodent models, its association with TL is unknown. Using linear regression analysis, TLs (as measured by Southern blot analysis) of skeletal muscle (a postmitotic tissue that largely represents early development TL), fat, leukocytes, and skin were tested for effects of age, sex, and diet in 48 control and 23 calorie restriction rhesus monkeys. After controlling for the individual's muscle mean TL, differences between leukocytes muscle and skin muscle were significantly associated with age (p = .002; p = .002) and sex (p = .003; p = .042), but not calorie restriction (p = .884; p = .766). Despite an age-dependent shortening of TL in leukocytes and skin, calorie restriction did not significantly affect TL dynamics in these samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Smith
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Main Campus, Birmingham, AL 35294-3360, USA.
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Breheny D, Oke O, Faux SP. The use of in vitro systems to assess cancer mechanisms and the carcinogenic potential of chemicals. Altern Lab Anim 2011; 39:233-55. [PMID: 21777038 DOI: 10.1177/026119291103900301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a highly complex, multi-stage process that can occur over a relatively long period before its clinical manifestation. While the sequence in which a cancer cell acquires the necessary traits for tumour formation can vary, there are a number of mechanisms that are common to most, if not all, cancers across the spectrum of possible causes. Many aspects of carcinogenesis can be modelled in vitro. This has led to the development of a number of mechanistically driven, cell-based assays to assess the pro-carcinogenic and anti-carcinogenic potential of chemicals. A review is presented of the current in vitro models that can be used to study carcinogenesis, with examples of cigarette smoke testing in some of these models, in order to illustrate their potential applications. We present an overview of the assays used in regulatory genotoxicity testing, as well as those designed to model other aspects that are considered to be hallmarks of cancer. The latter assays are described with a view to demonstrating the recent advances in these areas, to a point where they should now be considered for inclusion in an overall testing strategy for chemical carcinogens.
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Prescott J, Kraft P, Chasman DI, Savage SA, Mirabello L, Berndt SI, Weissfeld JL, Han J, Hayes RB, Chanock SJ, Hunter DJ, De Vivo I. Genome-wide association study of relative telomere length. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19635. [PMID: 21573004 PMCID: PMC3091863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere function is essential to maintaining the physical integrity of linear chromosomes and healthy human aging. The probability of forming proper telomere structures depends on the length of the telomeric DNA tract. We attempted to identify common genetic variants associated with log relative telomere length using genome-wide genotyping data on 3,554 individuals from the Nurses' Health Study and the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial that took part in the National Cancer Institute Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility initiative for breast and prostate cancer. After genotyping 64 independent SNPs selected for replication in additional Nurses' Health Study and Women's Genome Health Study participants, we did not identify genome-wide significant loci; however, we replicated the inverse association of log relative telomere length with the minor allele variant [C] of rs16847897 at the TERC locus (per allele β = −0.03, P = 0.003) identified by a previous genome-wide association study. We did not find evidence for an association with variants at the OBFC1 locus or other loci reported to be associated with telomere length. With this sample size we had >80% power to detect β estimates as small as ±0.10 for SNPs with minor allele frequencies of ≥0.15 at genome-wide significance. However, power is greatly reduced for β estimates smaller than ±0.10, such as those for variants at the TERC locus. In general, common genetic variants associated with telomere length homeostasis have been difficult to detect. Potential biological and technical issues are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Prescott
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel I. Chasman
- Donald W. Reynolds Center for Cardiovascular Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sharon A. Savage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sonja I. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joel L. Weissfeld
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jiali Han
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Richard B. Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David J. Hunter
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shlush LI, Skorecki KL, Itzkovitz S, Yehezkel S, Segev Y, Shachar H, Berkovitz R, Adir Y, Vulto I, Lansdorp PM, Selig S. Telomere elongation followed by telomere length reduction, in leukocytes from divers exposed to intense oxidative stress – Implications for tissue and organismal aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2011; 132:123-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sizing the ends: normal length of human telomeres. Ann Anat 2010; 192:284-91. [PMID: 20732797 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The ends of human chromosomes are constituted of telomeres, a nucleoprotein complex. They are mainly formed by the entanglement of repeat DNA and telomeric and non-telomeric proteins. Telomeric sequences are lost in each cell division and this loss happens in vitro as well as in vivo. The diminution of telomere length over the cell cycle has led to the consideration of telomeres as a 'mitotic clock'. Telomere lengths are heterogeneous because they differ among tissues, cells, and chromosome arms. Cell proliferation capacity, cellular environment, and epigenetic factors are some elements that affect this telomere heterogeneity. Also, genetic and environmental factors modulate the difference in telomere lengths between individuals. Telomere length is regulated by telomere structure, telomerase, the enzyme that elongates the 3'-end of telomeres, and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) used exclusively in immortalized and cancer cells. The understanding of telomere length dynamic in the normal population is essential to develop a deeper insight into the role of telomere function in pathological settings.
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Mimura T, Yamagami S, Yokoo S, Usui T, Amano S. Selective Isolation of Young Cells from Human Corneal Endothelium by the Sphere-Forming Assay. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 16:803-12. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Mimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamagami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Tokyo, Japan
- Corneal Regeneration Research Team Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Yokoo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Usui
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiro Amano
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Diehl MC, Idowu MO, Kimmelshue KN, York TP, Jackson-Cook CK, Turner KC, Holt SE, Elmore LW. Elevated TRF2 in advanced breast cancers with short telomeres. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 127:623-30. [PMID: 20625812 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-0988-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Telomere repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2) binds directly to telomeres and preserves the structural integrity of chromosome ends. In vitro models suggest that expression of TRF2 protein increases during mammary cancer progression. However, a recent study has reported that TRF2 mRNA levels tend to be lower in clinical specimens of malignant breast tissue. Here, we conduct the first large-scale investigation to assess the levels and cellular localization of the TRF2 protein in normal, pre-malignant and malignant breast tissues. Breast tissue arrays, containing normal, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive carcinoma specimens, were used to assess the expression and localization of TRF2 protein. Telomere lengths were semi-quantitatively measured using a pantelomeric peptide nucleic acid probe. A mixed effects modeling approach was used to assess the relationship between TRF2 expression and telomeric signal scores across disease states or clinical staging. We demonstrate that TRF2 is exclusively nuclear with a trend toward lower expression with increased malignancy. More case-to-case variability of TRF2 immunostaining intensity was noted amongst the invasive carcinomas than the other disease groups. Invasive carcinomas also displayed variable telomere lengths while telomeres in normal mammary epithelium were generally longer. Statistical analyses revealed that increased TRF2 immunostaining intensity in invasive carcinomas is associated with shorter telomeres and shorter telomeres correlate with a higher TNM stage. All immortalized and cancer cell lines within the array displayed strong, nuclear TRF2 expression. Our data indicate that elevated expression of TRF2 is not a frequent occurrence during the transformation of breast cancer cells in vivo, but higher levels of this telomere-binding protein may be important for protecting advanced cancer cells with critically short telomeres. Our findings also reinforce the concept that serially propagated cancer cells, although tumor-derived, may not model all types of authentic tumors especially those demonstrating genetic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malissa C Diehl
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Butt H, Atturu G, London N, Sayers R, Bown M. Telomere Length Dynamics in Vascular Disease: A Review. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2010; 40:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Down-regulation of telomerase activity and activation of caspase-3 are responsible for Tanshinone I-induced apoptosis in monocyte leukemia cells in vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:2267-80. [PMID: 20640151 PMCID: PMC2904915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11062267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone I (Tan-I) is a diterpene quinone extracted from the traditional herbal medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Recently, Tan-I has been reported to have anti-tumor effects. In this study, we investigated the growth inhibition and apoptosis inducing effects of Tan-I on three kinds of monocytic leukemia cells (U937, THP-1 and SHI 1). Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry (FCM) and AnnexinV/PI staining. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression and telomerase activity before and after apoptosis. The activity of caspase-3 was determined by Caspase colorimetric assay kit and Western blot analysis. Expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Survivin was assayed by Western blot and Real-time RT-PCR using the ABI PRISM 7500 Sequence Detection System. The results revealed that Tan-I could inhibit the growth of these three kinds of leukemia cells and cause apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. After treatment by Tan-I for 48 h, Western blotting showed cleavage of the caspase-3 zymogen protein with the appearance of its 17-kD subunit, and a 89-kD cleavage product of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), a known substrate of caspase-3, was also found clearly. The expression of hTERT mRNA as well as activity of telomerase were decreased concurrently in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot revealed a significant down-regulation of Survivin. We therefore conclude that the induction of apoptosis by Tan-I in monocytic leukemia U937 THP-1 and SHI 1 cells is highly correlated with activation of caspase-3 and decreasing of hTERT mRNA expression and telomerase activity as well as down-regulation of Survivin expression. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the effects of Tan-I on monocytic leukemia cells.
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Correlation of telomere length shortening with promoter methylation profile of p16/Rb and p53/p21 pathways in breast cancer. Mod Pathol 2010; 23:763-72. [PMID: 20081803 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2009.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Unregulated cell growth, a major hallmark of cancer, is coupled with telomere shortening. Measurement of telomere length could provide important information on cell replication and proliferation state in cancer tissues. Telomere shortening and its potential correlation with downregulation of cell-cycle regulatory elements were studied by the examination of relative telomere length and methylation status of the TP53, P21 and P16 promoters in tissues from breast cancer patients. Telomere length was measured in 104 samples (52 tumors and paired adjacent normal breast tissues) by quantitative PCR. Methylation profile of selected genes was analyzed in all samples using a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Our results demonstrated a significant shortening of tumor telomere regions compared with paired adjacent normal tissues (P<0.001). Similarly, telomere lengths were significantly shorter in advanced stage cases and in those with higher histological grades (P<0.05). Telomere shortening in cancer tissues was correlated with a different level of hypermethylation in the TP53, P21 and P16 promoters (r=-0.33, P=0.001; r=-0.70, P<0.0001 and r=-0.71, P<0.0001, respectively). The results suggested that inactivation of p16/Rb and/or p53/p21 pathways by hypermethylation may be linked to critical telomere shortening, leading to genome instability and ultimately to malignant transformation. Thus, telomere shortening and promoter hypermethylation of related genes both might serve as breast cancer biomarkers.
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Tamayo M, Mosquera A, Rego JI, Fernández-Sueiro JL, Blanco FJ, Fernández JL. Differing patterns of peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length in rheumatologic diseases. Mutat Res 2010; 683:68-73. [PMID: 19879280 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres progressively shorten with repeated somatic tissue cell division, their length being an indicator of cellular ageing. Telomeric dysfunction may be implicated in a variety of diseases. We measured mean telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from patients with various rheumatologic diseases. Mean PBL telomere length was measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) assay in a control population (n=130; age range: 3-94 years) and in subjects diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA; n=86; age range: 31-82 years), psoriatic arthritis (PA; n=56; age range: 26-79 years) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS; n=59; age range: 21-75 years). These diseases are associated with chronic systemic inflammatory activity. Telomere length was also quantified in subjects with osteoarthritis (OA; n=34; age range: 43-82 years) and osteoporosis (OP; n=35; age range: 59-95 years), diseases without a chronic systemic inflammatory component. Telomere length in OA showed no differences from age-matched controls (p=0.234), but was significantly shorter in OP (p=0.001). Telomere length was significantly longer than controls in RA (p=0.015), PA (p<0.001) and AS (p<0.001). Different patterns in telomere length from PBL are evidenced in rheumatologic pathologies, possibly dependent on the presence or absence of chronic systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Tamayo
- INIBIC-Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, Genetics Unit, Coruña, Spain
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Pavesi E, Avondo F, Aspesi A, Quarello P, Rocci A, Vimercati C, Pigullo S, Dufour C, Ramenghi U, Dianzani I. Analysis of telomeres in peripheral blood cells from patients with bone marrow failure. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009; 53:411-6. [PMID: 19489057 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The determination of telomere length is useful for the characterization of dyskeratosis congenita (DC) and of aplastic anemias (AA) as well as hematological malignancies. Short telomeres result from a specific defect of telomere maintenance in DC and likely from higher cellular turnover in AA and hematological malignancies. Data are not conclusive for Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), a pure erythroid aplasia due to defects of ribosomal proteins. Our aim was to evaluate the utility of a qPCR method for telomere length assessment to evaluate the diagnostic contribution of telomere measurement in bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFS). PROCEDURE Telomere length was evaluated by qPCR in peripheral blood cells from 95 normal individuals and 62 patients with BMFS, including 45 patients with DBA. RESULTS Results obtained with qPCR are comparable with other quantitative methods, such as flow-FISH and Southern blotting. Our data show that only one DBA patient and a minority of other BMFS patients have very short telomeres, defined as less than the 1st percentile of controls. CONCLUSIONS The qPCR method for telomere length evaluation is an easy alternative to other methods and may thus be valuable in a clinical hematological laboratory setting. Telomere maintenance does not seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of DBA unlike in other BMFSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pavesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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Shiraishi H, Mikami T, Aida J, Nakamura KI, Izumiyama-Shimomura N, Arai T, Watanabe M, Okayasu I, Takubo K. Telomere shortening in Barrett's mucosa and esophageal adenocarcinoma and its association with loss of heterozygosity. Scand J Gastroenterol 2009; 44:538-44. [PMID: 19221928 DOI: 10.1080/00365520902718705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Telomere shortening is thought to be associated with genetic instability. The purpose of this study was to measure telomere length in a series of Barrett's adenocarcinomas (BAs), focusing on the telomere/centromere fluorescent intensity ratio (TCR) with tissue quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization (Q-FISH). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 11 cases of BA were evaluated for upper esophagus (UE), lower esophagus (LE), Barrett's mucosa (BM), BA, and gastric cardiac mucosa (GC). Q-FISH was performed using two kinds of peptide nucleic acid probe, specific for telomeres and centromeres. The sections were analyzed with a CCD camera and original software (Tissue Telo) for measuring TCR. In addition, Laser Capture Microdissection and GeneScan were implemented for evaluation of genetic instability. RESULTS The TCR values in BM and, to a lesser extent, BA were significantly lower than those in the other tissues, particularly in heterozygosity (LOH)-positive cases. However, no significant difference was evident between microsatellite instability (MSI)-positive and -negative groups. CONCLUSIONS In our study of BA series, telomere length appeared to change with the degree of histological atypia, with decreases linked to LOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Shiraishi
- Departments of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Zhang Y, Shen J, Lee YPH, Santella RM. Telomere Length in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Paired Adjacent Non-Tumor Tissues by Quantitative PCR. Cancer Invest 2009; 25:668-77. [DOI: 10.1080/07357900701561024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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46
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Abstract
Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized clinically by the triad of abnormal nails, reticular skin pigmentation, and oral leukoplakia, and is associated with high risk of developing aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, leukemia, and solid tumors. Patients have very short germline telomeres, and approximately half have mutations in one of six genes encoding proteins that maintain telomere function. Accurate diagnosis of DC is critical to ensure proper clinical management, because patients who have DC and bone marrow failure do not respond to immunosuppressive therapy and may have increased morbidity and mortality associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A. Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 6120 Executive Blvd., EPS/7018, Rockville, MD 20852, Phone: 301-496-5785, Fax: 301-496-1854,
| | - Blanche P. Alter
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 6120 Executive Blvd., EPS/7020, Rockville, MD 20852, Phone: 301-402-9731, Fax: 301-496-1854,
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Shen J, Gammon MD, Terry MB, Wang Q, Bradshaw P, Teitelbaum SL, Neugut AI, Santella RM. Telomere length, oxidative damage, antioxidants and breast cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2009; 124:1637-43. [PMID: 19089916 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres play a critical role in maintaining the integrity and stability of the genome, and are susceptible to oxidative damage after telomere shortening to a critical length. In the present study, we explored the role of white blood cell DNA telomere length on breast cancer risk, and examined whether urinary 15-F(2)-isoprostanes (15-F(2t)-IsoP) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) or dietary antioxidant intake modified the relationship between telomere length and breast cancer risk. A population-based case-control study-the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project-was conducted among 1,067 cases and 1,110 controls. Telomere length was assessed by quantitative PCR. Overall, the mean levels of telomere length (T/S ratio), 15-F(2t)-IsoP and 8-oxodG were not significantly different between cases and controls. Among premenopausal women only, carrying shorter telomeres (Q3 and Q4), as compared with the longest (Q1), was associated with significantly increased breast cancer risk. Age-adjusted OR and 95% CI were 1.71 (1.10-2.67) and 1.61 (1.05-2.45). The 5-F(2t)-IsoP and 8-oxodG biomarkers did not modify the telomere-breast cancer association. A moderate increase in breast cancer risk was observed among women with the shortest telomeres (Q4) and lower dietary and supplemental intake of beta-carotene, vitamin C or E intake [OR (95% CI) = 1.48 (1.08-2.03), 1.39 (1.01-1.92) and 1.57 (1.14-2.18), respectively], although the trend test exhibited statistical significance only within the lower vitamin E intake subgroup (p(trend) = 0.01). These results provided the strongest evidence to date that breast cancer risk may be affected by telomere length among premenopausal women or women with low dietary intake of antioxidants or antioxidant supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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48
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Houben JMJ, Moonen HJJ, van Schooten FJ, Hageman GJ. Telomere length assessment: biomarker of chronic oxidative stress? Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:235-46. [PMID: 18021748 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Revised: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures, located at the ends of chromosomes and are subject to shortening at each cycle of cell division. They prevent chromosomal ends from being recognized as double strand breaks and protect them from end to end fusion and degradation. Telomeres consist of stretches of repetitive DNA with a high G-C content and are reported to be highly sensitive to damage induced by oxidative stress. The resulting DNA strand breaks can be formed either directly or as an intermediate step during the repair of oxidative bases. In contrast to the majority of genomic DNA, there is evidence that telomeric DNA is deficient in the repair of single strand breaks. Since chronic oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathophysiology of several chronic inflammatory diseases, it is hypothesized that telomere length is reducing at a faster rate during oxidative stress. Therefore, assessment of telomere length might be a useful biomarker of disease progression. In this review several features of telomere length regulation, their relation with oxidative stress, and the potential application of measurement of telomere length as biomarker of chronic oxidative stress, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce M J Houben
- Department of Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
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49
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Savage SA, Alter BP. The role of telomere biology in bone marrow failure and other disorders. Mech Ageing Dev 2007; 129:35-47. [PMID: 18160098 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Revised: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres, consisting of nucleotide repeats and a protein complex at chromosome ends, are essential in maintaining chromosomal integrity. Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is the inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS) that epitomizes the effects of abnormal telomere biology. Patients with DC have extremely short telomere lengths (<1st percentile) and many have mutations in telomere biology genes. Interpretation of telomere length in other IBMFSs is less straightforward. Abnormal telomere shortening has been reported in patients with apparently acquired hematologic disorders, including aplastic anemia, myeolodysplasia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and leukemia. In these disorders, the shortest-lived cells have the shortest telomeres, suggestive of increased hematopoietic stress. Telomeres are also markers of replicative and/or oxidative stress in other complex disease pathways, such as inflammation, stress, and carcinogenesis. The spectrum of related disorders caused by mutations in telomere biology genes extends beyond classical DC to include marrow failure that does not respond to immunosuppression, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and possibly other syndromes. We suggest that such patients be categorized as having an inherited disorder of telomere biology. Longitudinal studies of patients with very short telomeres but without classical DC are necessary to further understand the long-term sequelae, such as malignancy, osteonecrosis/osteoporosis, and pulmonary and liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, United States.
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50
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Portugal RD, Land MGP, Svaiter BF. A computational model for telomere-dependent cell-replicative aging. Biosystems 2007; 91:262-7. [PMID: 18063293 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Telomere shortening provides a molecular basis for the Hayflick limit. Recent data suggest that telomere shortening also influence mitotic rate. We propose a stochastic growth model of this phenomena, assuming that cell division in each time interval is a random process which probability decreases linearly with telomere shortening. Computer simulations of the proposed stochastic telomere-regulated model provides good approximation of the qualitative growth of cultured human mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Portugal
- Hematology Service, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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