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Binabaj MM, Asgharzadeh F, Rahmani F, Al-Asady AM, Hashemzehi M, Soleimani A, Avan A, Mehraban S, Ghorbani E, Ryzhikov M, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM. Vactosertib potently improves anti-tumor properties of 5-FU for colon cancer. Daru 2023; 31:193-203. [PMID: 37740873 PMCID: PMC10624787 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that the TGF-β signaling pathway plays a critical role in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis. The aim of the current study is to investigate the therapeutic potential of Vactosertib (EW-7197), a selective inhibitor of TGF-β receptor type I, either alone or in combination with the standard first-line chemotherapeutic treatment, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), in CRC progression in both cellular and animal models. METHODS Real-Time PCR, Zymography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) tissue staining, and Flow cytometry techniques were applied to determine the anti-tumor properties of this novel TGF-β inhibitor in in vitro (CT-26 cell line) and in vivo (inbred BALB/C mice) samples. RESULTS Our findings showed that Vactosertib decreased cell proliferation and induced spheroid shrinkage. Moreover, this inhibitor suppressed the cell cycle and its administration either alone or in combination with 5-FU induced apoptosis by regulating the expression of p53 and BAX proteins. It also improved 5-FU anti-cancer effects by decreasing the tumor volume and weight, increasing tumor necrosis, and regulating tumor fibrosis and inflammation in an animal model. Vactosertib also enhanced the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on invasive behavior of CRC cells by upregulating the expression of E-cadherin and inhibiting MMP-9 enzymatic activity. CONCLUSION This study demonstrating the potent anti-tumor effects of Vactosertib against CRC progression. Our results clearly suggest that this inhibitor could be a promising agent reducing CRC tumor progression when administered either alone or in combination with standard treatment in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moradi Binabaj
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzad Rahmani
- Kashmar School of Nursing, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdulridha Mohammed Al-Asady
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Kerbala, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
| | | | - Atena Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Mehraban
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Ghorbani
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Lai HH, Hung LY, Yen CJ, Hung HC, Chen RY, Ku YC, Lo HT, Tsai HW, Lee YP, Yang TH, Chen YY, Huang YS, Huang W. NEIL3 promotes hepatoma epithelial-mesenchymal transition by activating the BRAF/MEK/ERK/TWIST signaling pathway. J Pathol 2022; 258:339-352. [PMID: 36181299 DOI: 10.1002/path.6001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most prevalent visceral neoplasms. So far, reliable biomarkers for predicting HCC recurrence in patients undergoing surgery are far from adequate. In the aim of searching for genetic biomarkers involved in HCC development, we performed analyses of cDNA microarrays and found that the DNA repair gene NEIL3 was remarkably overexpressed in tumors. NEIL3 belongs to the Fpg/Nei protein superfamily, which contains DNA glycosylase activity required for the base excision repair for DNA lesions. Notably, the other Fpg/Nei family proteins NEIL1 and NEIL2, which have the same glycosylase activity as NEIL3, were not elevated in HCC; NEIL3 was specifically induced to participate in HCC development independently of its glycosylase activity. Using RNA-seq and invasion/migration assays, we found that NEIL3 elevated the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) factors, including the E/N-cadherin switch and the transcription of MMP genes, and promoted the invasion, migration, and stemness phenotypes of HCC cells. Moreover, NEIL3 directly interacted with the key EMT player TWIST1 to enhance invasion and migration activities. In mouse orthotopic HCC studies, NEIL3 overexpression also caused a prominent E-cadherin decrease, tumor volume increase, and lung metastasis, indicating that NEIL3 led to EMT and tumor metastasis in mice. We further found that NEIL3 induced the transcription of MDR1 (ABCB1) and BRAF genes through the canonical E-box (CANNTG) promoter region, which the TWIST1 transcription factor recognizes and binds to, leading to the BRAF/MEK/ERK pathway-mediated cell proliferation as well as anti-cancer drug resistance, respectively. In the HCC cohort, the tumor NEIL3 level demonstrated a high positive correlation with disease-free and overall survival after surgery. In conclusion, NEIL3 activated the BRAF/MEK/ERK/TWIST pathway-mediated EMT and therapeutic resistances, leading to HCC progression. Targeted inhibition of NEIL3 in HCC individuals with NEIL3 induction is a promising therapeutic approach. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Huang Lai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yi Hung
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Chin Hung
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ruo-Yu Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Ku
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hang-Tat Lo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ping Lee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tz-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shuian Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wenya Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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3
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Li A, Guan Y, Shen P, Ni Y, Han X. PP2A regulates metastasis and vasculogenic mimicry formation via PI3K/AKT/ZEB1 axis in non-small cell lung cancers. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 150:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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4
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Liao L, Duan L, Guo Y, Zhou B, Xu Q, Zhang C, Liu W, Liu W, Liu Z, Hu J, Chen J, Lu J. TRIM46 upregulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling by inhibiting Axin1 to mediate hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HK2 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2829-2839. [PMID: 35670901 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia can cause Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal tubular cells, and in turn, renal fibrosis. We tested the expression of TRIM46, a member of tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) family proteins, and mesenchymal markers under hypoxia. Our results showed that hypoxia significantly enhanced expression of TRIM46 in HK2 human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Our data further showed that hypoxia led to upregulated expression of mesenchymal markers including α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and Snail, and downregulated expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin, coupled with an increased abundance of nuclear β-catenin. However, such effects were reversed when TRIM46 expression was knocked down. TRIM46 overexpression had similar effects as hypoxia exposure, and such effects were reversed when cells were treated with XAV-939, a selective inhibitor for β-catenin. Furthermore, we found that TRIM46 promoted ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of Axin1 protein, a robust negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity. Finally, increased TRIM46 coupled with decreased Axin1 was observed in a rat renal fibrosis model. These data suggest a novel mechanism contributing to EMT that mediates hypoxia-induced renal fibrosis. Our results suggest that selectively inhibiting this pathway that activates fibrosis in human kidney may lead to development of a novel therapeutic approach for managing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.358 Datong Road in Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Lianxiang Duan
- Department of Nephrology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.358 Datong Road in Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.358 Datong Road in Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Baojuan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.358 Datong Road in Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Qiming Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.358 Datong Road in Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Chuanfu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.358 Datong Road in Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.358 Datong Road in Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Wenrui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.358 Datong Road in Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.358 Datong Road in Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.358 Datong Road in Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.358 Datong Road in Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200137, China.
| | - Jianrao Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.358 Datong Road in Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200137, China.
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Sulforaphane Suppresses the Nicotine-Induced Expression of the Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 via Inhibiting ROS-Mediated AP-1 and NF-κB Signaling in Human Gastric Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095172. [PMID: 35563563 PMCID: PMC9099819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane, a natural phytochemical compound found in various cruciferous vegetables, has been discovered to present anti-cancer properties. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays a crucial role in gastric cancer metastasis. However, the role of sulforaphane in MMP-9 expression in gastric cancer is not yet defined. Nicotine, a psychoactive alkaloid found in tobacco, is associated with the development of gastric cancer. Here, we found that sulforaphane suppresses the nicotine-mediated induction of MMP-9 in human gastric cancer cells. We discovered that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MAPKs (p38 MAPK, Erk1/2) are involved in nicotine-induced MMP-9 expression. AP-1 and NF-κB are the critical transcription factors in MMP-9 expression. ROS/MAPK (p38 MAPK, Erk1/2) and ROS functioned as upstream signaling of AP-1 and NF-κB, respectively. Sulforaphane suppresses the nicotine-induced MMP-9 by inhibiting ROS-mediated MAPK (p38 MAPK, Erk1/2)/AP-1 and ROS-mediated NF-κB signaling axes, which in turn inhibit cell invasion in human gastric cancer AGS cells. Therefore, the current study provides valuable evidence for developing sulforaphane as a new anti-invasion strategy for human gastric cancer therapy.
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Hegde M, Daimary UD, Kumar A, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Shakibaei M, Kunnumakkara AB. STAT3/HIF1A and EMT specific transcription factors regulated genes: Novel predictors of breast cancer metastasis. Gene X 2022; 818:146245. [PMID: 35074419 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis, the fatal hallmark of breast cancer (BC), is a serious hurdle for therapy. Current prognostic approaches are not sufficient to predict the metastasis risk for BC patients. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed gene expression data from GSE139038 and TCGA database to develop predictive markers for BC metastasis. Initially, the data from GSE139038 which contained 65 samples consisting of 41 breast tumor tissues, 18 paired morphologically normal tissues and 6 from non-malignant breast tissues were analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). DEGs were obtained from three different comparisons: paired morphologically normal (MN) versus tumor samples (C), apparently normal (AN) versus tumor samples (C), and paired morphologically normal (MN) versus apparently normal samples (AN). Multiple bioinformatic methods were employed to evaluate metastasis, EMT and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) specific genes. Further, regulation of gene expression, clinicopathological factors and DNA methylation patterns of DEGs in BC were validated with TCGA datasets. Our bioinformatic analysis showed that 40 genes were upregulated and 294 were found to be downregulated between AN vs C; 124 were upregulated and 760 genes were downregulated between MN vs C; 4 were upregulated and 13 were downregulated between MN vs AN. Analysis using TCGA dataset revealed 18 genes were significantly altered in nodal positive BC patients compared to nodal negative BC patients. Our study showed novel candidate genes as predictive markers for BC metastasis which can also be used for therapeutic targets for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India; DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India; DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India; DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India; DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India.
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Krzysiek-Maczka G, Targosz A, Wrobel T, Paw M, Szczyrk U, Opila J, Strzalka M, Wierdak M, Major P, Brzozowski T, Czyz J, Ptak-Belowska A. Time-extended exposure of gastric epithelial cells to secretome of Helicobacter pylori-activated fibroblasts induces reprogramming of gastric epithelium towards pre-cancerogenic and pro-invasive phenotype. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:1337-1371. [PMID: 35411238 PMCID: PMC8984895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite of the improvement in gastric cancer (GC) therapies patients still suffer from cancer recurrence and metastasis. Recently, the high ratio of these events combined with increased chemoresistance has been related to the asymptomatic Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infections. The limited efficiency of GC treatment strategies is also increasingly attributed to the activity of tumor stroma with the key role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). In order to investigate the influence of Hp infection within stromal gastric tissue on cancer initiation and progression, we have exposed normal gastric epithelial cells to long-term influence of Hp-activated gastric fibroblast secretome. We have referred obtained results to this secretome influence on cancer cell lines. The invasive properties of cells were checked by time-lapse video microscopy and basement membrane assays. The expression of invasion-related factors was checked by RT-PCR, Western Blot, immunofluorescence and Elisa. Hp-activated gastric fibroblast secretome induced EMT type 3-related shifts of RGM1 cell phenotype; in particular it augmented their motility, cytoskeletal plasticity and invasiveness. These effects were accompanied by Snail1/Twist activation, the up-regulation of cytokeratin19/FAP/TNC/Integrin-β1 and MMPs, and by the induction of cMethigh/pEGFRhigh phenotype. Mechanistic studies suggest that this microevolution next to TGFβ relies also on c-Met/EGFR signaling interplay and engages HGF-Integrin-Ras-dependent Twist activation leading to MMP and TNC upregulation with subsequent positive auto- and paracrine feedback loops intensifying this process. Similar shifts were detected in cancer cells exposed to this secretome. Collectively, we show that the secretome of Hp-infected fibroblasts induces reprogramming/microevolution of epithelial and cancer cells towards type 3 EMT-related invasive phenotype in a manner reciprocally reliant next to TGFβ on cMet/Integrin-β1/p-EGFR-dependent axis. Apparently, the phenotypical plasticity of Hp-activated fibroblast reprogrammed gastric epithelial cells determines their susceptibility to the pro-invasive signaling, which results in re-organization of gastric niches and provides the cues for GC promotion/progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracjana Krzysiek-Maczka
- Department of Physiology, The Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Aneta Targosz
- Department of Physiology, The Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wrobel
- Department of Cell Biology, The Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Milena Paw
- Department of Cell Biology, The Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Urszula Szczyrk
- Department of Physiology, The Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Janusz Opila
- Department of Applied Computer Sciences, The Faculty of Management, AGH University of Science and Technology30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Strzalka
- Department of Physiology, The Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wierdak
- Clinic of General, Oncological and Metabolic Surgery, 2nd Department of General Surgery, The Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Major
- Clinic of General, Oncological and Metabolic Surgery, 2nd Department of General Surgery, The Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, The Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Jarosław Czyz
- Department of Cell Biology, The Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agata Ptak-Belowska
- Department of Physiology, The Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College31-531 Cracow, Poland
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Barillari G, Bei R, Manzari V, Modesti A. Infection by High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Squamous Pre-Malignant or Malignant Lesions of the Uterine Cervix: A Series of Chained Events? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13543. [PMID: 34948338 PMCID: PMC8703928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing requires static epithelial cells to gradually assume a mobile phenotype through a multi-step process termed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Although it is inherently transient and reversible, EMT perdures and is abnormally activated when the epithelium is chronically exposed to pathogens: this event deeply alters the tissue and eventually contributes to the development of diseases. Among the many of them is uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the most frequent malignancy of the female genital system. SCC, whose onset is associated with the persistent infection of the uterine cervix by high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs), often relapses and/or metastasizes, being resistant to conventional chemo- or radiotherapy. Given that these fearsome clinical features may stem, at least in part, from the exacerbated and long-lasting EMT occurring in the HPV-infected cervix; here we have reviewed published studies concerning the impact that HPV oncoproteins, cellular tumor suppressors, regulators of gene expression, inflammatory cytokines or growth factors, and the interactions among these effectors have on EMT induction and cervical carcinogenesis. It is predictable and desirable that a broader comprehension of the role that EMT inducers play in SCC pathogenesis will provide indications to flourish new strategies directed against this aggressive tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Barillari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 1 via Montellier, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (V.M.); (A.M.)
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Che N, Zhao X, Zhao N, Zhang Y, Ni C, Zhang D, Su S, Liang X, Li F, Li Y. The role of different PI3K protein subtypes in the metastasis, angiogenesis and clinical prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 53:151755. [PMID: 34023498 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Abnormal activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway is closely related to tumor occurrence, development and angiogenesis. PI3K, as a key protein in the PI3K/Akt pathway, has different subtypes that play diverse roles in various tumors. The aim of this study was to examine the roles of different PI3K protein subtypes (PI3Kp110α, PI3Kp110β, and PI3Kp110δ) in the metastasis, angiogenesis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS The roles of different PI3K protein subtypes in the metastasis, angiogenesis and prognosis of HCC were assessed by immunohistochemical staining of 97 HCC tissues and the STRING database. RESULTS Our results showed that PI3Kp110α and PI3Kp110δ were associated with HCC metastasis and angiogenesis. Patients with high expression of PI3Kp110α and PI3Kp110δ had a worse prognosis and shorter survival time, respectively, than those with low expression, whereas these effects were not observed for PI3Kp110β. Cox regression analysis showed that PI3Kp110α and clinical stage were independent risk factors for the overall survival of HCC patients. CONCLUSIONS PI3Kp110α and PI3Kp110δ promoted HCC metastasis and angiogenesis via the PI3K/AKT pathway, and PI3Kp110α was an independent risk factor for HCC patients. These findings provide valuable insights for the prognosis evaluation and the selection of subtype inhibitors of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Che
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Chunsheng Ni
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Danfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Shuai Su
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, China
| | - Xiaohui Liang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Kang E, Seo J, Yoon H, Cho S. The Post-Translational Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Inducing Transcription Factors in Cancer Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3591. [PMID: 33808323 PMCID: PMC8037257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is generally observed in normal embryogenesis and wound healing. However, this process can occur in cancer cells and lead to metastasis. The contribution of EMT in both development and pathology has been studied widely. This transition requires the up- and down-regulation of specific proteins, both of which are regulated by EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), mainly represented by the families of Snail, Twist, and ZEB proteins. This review highlights the roles of key EMT-TFs and their post-translational regulation in cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sayeon Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (E.K.); (J.S.); (H.Y.)
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11
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Ardalan Khales S, Abbaszadegan MR, Majd A, Forghanifard MM. TWIST1 upregulates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes family in esophageal squamous carcinoma cells. Gene Expr Patterns 2020; 37:119127. [PMID: 32711119 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2020.119127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Twist-related protein 1 (TWIST1), a highly conserved basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, stimulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and plays a crucial role in the regulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell-cell adhesion. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the functional correlation between TWIST1 and MMP genes in human ESCC cell lines, KYSE-30 and YM-1. To generate recombinant retroviral particles, the Pruf-IRES-GFP-hTWIST1 was co-transfected into HEK293T along with pGP and pMD2. G as well as Pruf-IRES-GFP control plasmid. Stably transduced high-expressing GFP-hTWIST1 and GFP-control KYSE-30 cells were generated. The produced retroviral particles were transduced into the KYSE-30 and YM-1 ESCC cells. Ectopic expression of TWIST1 mRNA and expression of the MMP genes (MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, and MMP-10) were examined by relative comparative real-time PCR. In silico analysis of the MMP markers and their promoter elements was explored. Moreover, the scratch wound assay was used to evaluate the migration of TWIST1-induced cells. TWIST1 level was up-regulated by nearly 5-fold and 7.4-fold in GFP-hTWIST1 KYSE-30 and YM-1 cells compared to GFP control cells, respectively. Interestingly, this enforced expression of TWIST1 subsequently caused significant overexpression of transcripts for selected MMP genes in GFP-hTWIST1 in comparison with GFP control cells in both ESCC cell lines. Also, the scratch assay indicated that TWIST1 expression effectively increased the migration of GFP-TWIST1 KYSE-30 cells against GFP KYSE-30 control cells in vitro. The present findings illuminate that TWIST1 may contribute broadly to ESCC development in concert with up-regulation of MMPs expression and further suggest the potential advantage of exerting TWIST1/MMPs signaling axis as a framework from which to expand our understanding about the mechanisms of ESCC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Ardalan Khales
- Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Ahmad Majd
- Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Zhao C, Zhao Z, Wang Z, Hu L, Wang H, Fang Z. Supervillin promotes tumor angiogenesis in liver cancer. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:674-684. [PMID: 32468064 PMCID: PMC7336518 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is a hallmark of liver cancer and is necessary for tumor growth and progression. Supervillin (SVIL) is highly expressed and implicated in several malignant processes of liver cancer. However, the functional relationships between SVIL and tumor angiogenesis in liver cancer have not yet been fully elucidated. The present study was based on bioinformatics analysis, patient tissue sample detection, three-dimensional simulated blood vessel formation, a series of cytological experiments and mouse models. The results demonstrated the important role of SVIL in the progression of malignant liver cancer and tumor angiogenesis, both in terms of vasculogenic mimicry (VM) and endothelium-dependent vessel (EDV) development. SVIL knockdown inhibited VM formation and induced tumor cell apoptosis via the VEGF-p38 signaling axis and through various VM-associated transcriptional factors, including vascular endothelial-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase 9/12 and migration-inducing protein 7. SVIL may therefore be considered a potential tumor vascular biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for patients with liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyang Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Lizhu Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyou Fang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
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13
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Wang K, Zheng J, Yu J, Wu Y, Guo J, Xu Z, Sun X. Knockdown of MMP‑1 inhibits the progression of colorectal cancer by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/c‑myc signaling pathway and EMT. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:1103-1112. [PMID: 32323782 PMCID: PMC7057971 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in the development of colorectal cancer and reveal the mechanism underlying this progression. Bioinformatics methods and a public dataset were first used to analyze MMP-1 gene expression in a public dataset. MMP-1 expression in colorectal cancer patients was assessed by immunohistochemistry; its association with clinicopathological parameters and its significance for prognosis were analyzed. Then proliferation, scratch and Transwell assays and a xenograft model were used to assess the change in malignant behavior in cells transfected with an MMP-1 shRNA. Changes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the Akt signaling pathway were detected by western blotting. According to the results, MMP-1 expression was higher in colorectal cancer tissues than it was in matched adjacent noncancerous tissues, and its high expression was significantly related to lymphatic metastasis as well as TNM stage (P<0.05). Downregulation of MMP-1 expression inhibited the progression of colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, after the cells were stably transfected with MMP-1 shRNA, the expression of N-cadherin, vimentin and Twist1 decreased while that of E-cadherin increased. The expression of p-Akt and c-Myc also decreased. In conclusion, MMP-1 may promote malignant behavior in colorectal cancer via EMT and the Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jianbao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Junhui Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yunhua Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Zhengshui Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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14
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Anticancer Effect of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Orostachys japonicus on MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells through Extensive Induction of Apoptosis, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Antimetastasis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8951510. [PMID: 31781282 PMCID: PMC6874866 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8951510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The antibreast cancer activities of the ethyl acetate fraction from Orostachys japonicus (OJEF) were investigated in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells through WST assay, DAPI staining, flow cytometry analysis, and western blotting. OJEF effectively inhibited MDA-MB-231 cells by inducing apoptosis via intrinsic, extrinsic, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response pathways, cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase, and antimetastasis including inhibition of tight junction, adherens junction, invasion, and migration. The MAPK family-mediated upstream signal transduction through p-p38 and p-ERK was considered to affect the downstream signal transduction including induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and antimetastasis. In conclusion, we executed an integrated study on the anticancer activities of OJEF, which extensively induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and antimetastasis in estrogen-independent MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells known to be liable to metastasize.
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15
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van Tienderen GS, Groot Koerkamp B, IJzermans JNM, van der Laan LJW, Verstegen MMA. Recreating Tumour Complexity in a Dish: Organoid Models to Study Liver Cancer Cells and their Extracellular Environment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1706. [PMID: 31683901 PMCID: PMC6896153 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer, consisting predominantly of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), remains one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. This high malignancy is related to the complex and dynamic interactions between tumour cells, stromal cells and the extracellular environment. Novel in vitro models that can recapitulate the tumour are essential in increasing our understanding of liver cancer. Herein, primary liver cancer-derived organoids have opened up new avenues due to their patient-specificity, self-organizing ability and potential recapitulation of many of the tumour properties. Organoids are solely of epithelial origin, but incorporation into co-culture models can enable the investigation of the cellular component of the tumour microenvironment. However, the extracellular component also plays a vital role in cancer progression and representation is lacking within current in vitro models. In this review, organoid technology is discussed in the context of liver cancer models through comparisons to other cell culture systems. In addition, the role of the tumour extracellular environment in primary liver cancer will be highlighted with an emphasis on its importance in in vitro modelling. Converging novel organoid-based models with models incorporating the native tumour microenvironment could lead to experimental models that can better recapitulate liver tumours in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles S van Tienderen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Bas Groot Koerkamp
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan N M IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Nandi S, Chandra S, Sikder R, Bhattacharya S, Ahir M, Biswal D, Adhikary A, Pramanik NR, Lai TK, Drew MGB, Acharya K. Characterization and Inception of a Triterpenoid Astrakurkurol, as a Cytotoxic Molecule on Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells, Hep3B. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7660-7673. [PMID: 31250646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms are customary influential sources of pharmaceutically active metabolites. Usually lanostane-type triterpenoids from mushrooms had prospective for cancer disease treatments. Recently, a triterpenoid, astrakurkurol obtained from the fresh basidiocarps of the edible mushroom Astraeus hygrometricus, drew attention as a new cytotoxic therapeutic. The structural stability of this triterpenoid had been established with the amalgamation of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and study of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. To successfully manifest astrakurkurol as a potent cytotoxic therapeutics, a wide apprehension on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying their action is prerequisite. On this account, our study was directed to scrutinize the influence of this triterpenoid on human hepatocellular cancer cell model Hep3B. Encapsulating all experimental facts revealed that astrakurkurol had significantly decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was unveiled to be apoptosis, documented by DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, nuclear shrinkage, membrane blebing, and imbalance of cell cycle distribution. Astrakurkurol persuaded the expression of death receptor associated proteins (Fas), which triggered caspase-8 activation following tBid cleavage. Moreover, tBid mediated ROS generation, which triggered mitochondrial dysfunction and activated the mitochondrial apoptotic events. Astrakurkurol cytotoxicity was based on caspase-8-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway and was associated with inhibition at Akt and NF-κB pathway. Astrakurkurol had also inhibited the migration of Hep3B cells, indicating its antimigratory potential. These findings led us to introduce astrakurkurol as a feasible and natural source for a safer cytotoxic drug against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Nandi
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany , University of Calcutta , 35, Ballygunge Circular Road , Kolkata , WB 700019 , India
| | - Swarnendu Chandra
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany , University of Calcutta , 35, Ballygunge Circular Road , Kolkata , WB 700019 , India
| | - Rimpa Sikder
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany , University of Calcutta , 35, Ballygunge Circular Road , Kolkata , WB 700019 , India
| | - Saurav Bhattacharya
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , University of Calcutta , JD-2, Sector III, Salt Lake , Kolkata , WB 700098 , India
| | - Manisha Ahir
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , University of Calcutta , JD-2, Sector III, Salt Lake , Kolkata , WB 700098 , India
| | - Debanjana Biswal
- Department of Chemistry , University College of Science , 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road , Kolkata , WB 700009 , India
| | - Arghya Adhikary
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , University of Calcutta , JD-2, Sector III, Salt Lake , Kolkata , WB 700098 , India
| | - Nikhil Ranjan Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry , Bidhannagar College , EB-2, Salt lake , Kolkata 700064 , India
| | - Tapan Kumar Lai
- Department of Chemistry , Vidyasagar Evening College , 39, Sankar Ghosh Lane , Kolkata 700006 , India
| | - Michael G B Drew
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD , United Kingdom
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany , University of Calcutta , 35, Ballygunge Circular Road , Kolkata , WB 700019 , India
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17
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Nasry WHS, Wang H, Jones K, Tesch M, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Martin CK. Cyclooxygenase and CD147 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma patient samples and cell lines. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 128:400-410.e3. [PMID: 31350224 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) contribute to inflammation, and cluster of differentiation factor 147 (CD147) contributes to invasiveness, but their relationship has not been previously examined within a cohort of patients with OSCC or OSCC cell lines. STUDY DESIGN COX-2 and CD147 expression was determined by using immunohistochemistry on 39 surgical biopsy specimens of OSCC. Expression in tumor cells, stroma, and adjacent oral epithelium was characterized by using a visual grading system. COX-1, COX-2, and CD147 expression was determined in vitro by using OSCC cell lines (SCC25, BHY, and HN) and reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Secretion of prostagladin E2 (PGE2) from OSCC cell lines was determined by using PGE2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Biopsy specimens showed higher COX-2 expression in tumor cells compared with stroma and adjacent epithelium (P < .05). There was no difference in CD147 expression among the tumor cells, stroma, and adjacent epithelium. In OSCC cell lines, there was a trend for COX-2 and CD147 gene expression to be coordinated. Interestingly, PGE2 secretion was more closely related to COX-1 expression than to COX-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS COX-1, COX-2, and CD147 appear to be independently regulated in OSCC, potentially representing 2 therapeutic targets for future investigation. COX-1 expression in OSCC deserves further study because it may be an important determinant of PGE2 secretion from OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Hamed Shaker Nasry
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Haili Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Kathleen Jones
- Diagnostic Services, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Marvin Tesch
- Provincial Health Services, Health PEI, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Lecompte
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Chelsea K Martin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada.
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Husain K, Zhang A, Shivers S, Davis-Yadley A, Coppola D, Yang CS, Malafa MP. Chemoprevention of Azoxymethane-induced Colon Carcinogenesis by Delta-Tocotrienol. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:357-366. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Sun X, Wang M, Zhang F, Kong X. Inhibition of NET-1 suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2334-2340. [PMID: 30867719 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of neuroepithelial cell transforming 1 (NET-1), a member of the Ras homolog gene family, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To determine the association between the expression of NET-1 and the proliferation and migration of MHCC97-H cells, the cells were transfected with NET-1 small interfering (si)RNA and si negative control. Following transfection with NET-1 siRNA, the proliferation rate of MHCC97-H cells decreased significantly and the percentage of apoptotic cells increased. The HCC cell line MHCC97-H was used in the present study as it exhibited an increased expression level of NET-1 compared with the MHCC97-L cell line. Expression levels of apoptosis-associated proteins including apoptosis regulator Bax (Bax), cyclinD1, apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (Bcl-2) and caspase-3 were determined. Expression levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT) and their phosphorylated forms were also measured by western blotting. Following NET-1 knockdown, the expression of Bax and cyclinD1 decreased, the expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 increased, and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was inhibited. The results of the present study suggest that inhibition of NET-1 can suppress the progression of HCC by targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. NET-1 expression level in HCC cells increased compared with normal liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
| | - Mingchun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Kong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276003, P.R. China
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20
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Yan L, Xu F, Dai CL. Relationship between epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the inflammatory microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:203. [PMID: 30157906 PMCID: PMC6114477 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex process involving multiple genes, steps and stages. It refers to the disruption of tight intercellular junctions among epithelial cells under specific conditions, resulting in loss of the original polarity, order and consistency of the cells. Following EMT, the cells show interstitial cell characteristics with the capacity for adhesion and migration, while apoptosis is inhibited. This process is critically involved in embryogenesis, wound-healing, tumor invasion and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment is composed of infiltrating inflammatory cells, stromal cells and the active medium secreted by interstitial cells. Most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have a history of hepatitis virus infection. In such cases, major components of the tumor microenvironment include inflammatory cells, inflammatory factors and virus-encoded protein are major components. Here, we review the relationship between EMT and the inflammatory tumor microenvironment in the context of HCC. We also further elaborate the significant influence of infiltrating inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediators as well as the products expressed by the infecting virus in the tumor microenvironment on the EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chao-Liu Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Splenic Surgery, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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21
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δ-Tocotrienol, a natural form of vitamin E, inhibits pancreatic cancer stem-like cells and prevents pancreatic cancer metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31554-31567. [PMID: 28404939 PMCID: PMC5458229 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by the activation and growth of tumor-initiating cells in distant organs that have stem-like properties. Thus, inhibiting growth of these cells may prevent PDAC growth and metastases. We have demonstrated that δ-tocotrienol, a natural form of vitamin E (VEDT), is bioactive against cancer, delays progression, and prevents metastases in transgenic mouse models of PDAC. In this report, we provide the first evidence that VEDT selectively inhibits PDAC stem-like cells. VEDT inhibited the viability, survival, self-renewal, and expression of Oct4 and Sox2 transcription factors in 3 models of PDAC stem-like cells. In addition, VEDT inhibited the migration, invasion, and several biomarkers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis in PDAC cells and tumors. These processes are critical for tumor metastases. Furthermore, in the L3.6pl orthotopic model of PDAC metastases, VEDT significantly inhibited growth and metastases of these cells. Finally, in an orthotopic xenograft model of human PDAC stem-like cells, we showed that VEDT significantly retarded the growth and metastases of gemcitabine-resistant PDAC human stem-like cells. Because VEDT has been shown to be safe and to reach bioactive levels in humans, this work supports investigating VEDT for chemoprevention of PDAC metastases.
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22
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Lu Y, An J, Liu Y, Ren L, Zhang L. MMP9 is involved in HO-1-mediated upregulation of apical junctional complex in Caco-2 cells under oxygen-glucose deprivation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:125-131. [PMID: 29425821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury is a critical factor in the recovery process after intestine trauma and the functional restoration of intestinal reconstruction. This study was the first to explore the expression of apical junctional complex (AJC) induced by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in Caco-2 cells in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) models. Here we showed that HO-1 was upregulated after OGD. Notably, activation of HO-1 largely enhanced the expression of AJC proteins including Claudin-4, E-cadherin and β-catenin in Caco-2 cells, but decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). Knockdown of HO-1 attenuated the OGD-induced overexpression of AJC proteins but promoted the expression of MMP9. Interestingly, inhibition of MMP9 further enhanced AJC expression. These results suggest that HO-1 is involved in OGD-evoked upregulation of AJC proteins, which is partly mediated by MMP9 pathway. High expression of HO-1 may play an important role in the pathophysiological process of ischemia reperfusion injury and has potential clinical value for the treatment of intestine related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqu Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jie An
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, QianFoShan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Lehao Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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Wu Z, Zeng Q, Cao K, Sun Y. Exosomes: small vesicles with big roles in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60687-60697. [PMID: 27463001 PMCID: PMC5312412 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the prognosis is still poor. Pioneering work has demonstrated a potential role for tumour cell-derived exosomes (TEXs) in HCC. TEXs can mediate immune responses, antigen presentation and intracellular communication by serving as vehicles for the transfer of proteins, viruses, lipids and RNA between cells. An improved understanding of the roles played by exosomes could lead to a powerful new strategy for preventing and treating HCC. In this review, we summarise current understanding on the topic. The literature points to two faces of TEXs in HCC: 1) They can promote invasion, metastasis, immune evasion and modulation and 2) they can act as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and can be used in anti-cancer drug resistance and immunotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang City People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi, China
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yifan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
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24
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Zhang W, Zhou P, Meng A, Zhang R, Zhou Y. Down-regulating Myoferlin inhibits the vasculogenic mimicry of melanoma via decreasing MMP-2 and inducing mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:1743-1754. [PMID: 29164766 PMCID: PMC5824422 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) constitutes a novel approach for tumour blood supply and contributes to tumour metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with melanoma. Myoferlin (MYOF), a type II membrane protein involved in membrane regeneration and repair, is elevated in several malignant tumours, especially in advanced melanomas. This study aims to investigate the role and mechanism of MYOF in the regulation of VM. VM structures were found in 14 of 52 tested melanoma samples, and high MYOF expression correlated with VM structures. According to Kaplan–Meier survival curves, VM channels and elevated MYOF expression both correlated with poor prognosis in melanoma patients. Down‐regulation of MYOF by siRNA severely impaired the capability of A375 cells to form VM structures in vitro. Further studies demonstrated MYOF knockdown inhibited cell migration and invasion, which is required for VM formation, via decreasing MMP‐2 expression as evidenced by Western blotting, RT‐RCP and ELISA results. SB‐3CT, a specific inhibitor of MMP‐2, showed similar inhibiting effects with siMYOF, further supporting that MYOF down‐regulation inhibits MMP‐2 expression to affect VM formation. Moreover, MYOF knockdown suppress VM formation by A375 cells by inducing mesenchymal‐to‐epithelial transition (MET). After down‐regulating MYOF, focal adhesions were enlarged and A375 cells developed into a clear epithelial morphology. Such cells acquired the expression of E‐cadherin at adherens junctions along with a loss of mesenchymal markers, such as Vimentin and Twist1. In conclusion, MYOF plays an important role in VM and knockdown of MYOF suppresses VM formation via decreasing MMP‐2 and inducing MET in A375 melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ai Meng
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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25
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2-Deoxy-D-glucose suppresses the migration and reverses the drug resistance of colon cancer cells through ADAM expression regulation. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:410-420. [PMID: 28059830 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy is associated with a poor prognosis. The compound 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) enhances the effect of chemotherapy against cancer cells lines in vitro and in vivo. However, its effect on the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in drug-resistant cancer cells has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated whether treatment of 5-fluorouracil or oxaliplatin-resistant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells with 2-DG suppressed their migratory activity and enhanced their susceptibility to chemotherapy. Chemoresistant CRC cells stably expressed drug resistance-related proteins (MDR1, MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3) and showed mesenchymal characteristics and a migratory phenotype. 2-DG treatment attenuated glycolysis-related enzyme expression, invasion activity, and EMT-related cytokine secretion in drug-resistant CRC cells. In addition, 2-DG inhibited the activation of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) and ADAM17. Gene silencing of ADAM10 and ADAM17 with small interfering RNA downregulated mesenchymal properties, reduced EMT-associated cytokine secretion, and rendered chemoresistant cells susceptible to anticancer drug treatment. Collectively, these findings suggest that increased glycolytic metabolism in drug-resistant cells has an effect on both migratory activity and cell viability through the activation of ADAM10 and ADAM17.
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26
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Novikova MV, Khromova NV, Kopnin PB. Components of the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Microenvironment and Their Role in Tumor Progression. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:861-873. [PMID: 28941454 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917080016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recently published data on the mechanisms of tumor cell interaction with the tumor microenvironment. Tumor stroma influences the processes of hepatocarcinogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment includes both cellular and noncellular components. Main cellular components of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stroma are tumor-associated fibroblasts, hepatic stellate cells, immune cells, and endothelial cells that produce extracellular components of tumor microenvironment such as extracellular matrix, various proteins, proteolytic enzymes, growth factors, and cytokines. The noncellular components of the stroma modulate signaling pathways in tumor cells and stimulate invasion and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment composition and organization can serve as prognostic factors in HCC pathogenesis. Current approaches in HCC targeted therapy are aimed at creating efficient strategies for interrupting tumor interactions with the stroma. Recent data on the composition and role of the microenvironment in HCC pathogenesis, as well as new developments in antitumor drug design are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Novikova
- Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
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27
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Padwal M, Siddique I, Wu L, Tang K, Boivin F, Liu L, Robertson J, Bridgewater D, West-Mays J, Gangji A, Brimble KS, Margetts PJ. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 is associated with peritoneal membrane solute transport and induces angiogenesis through β-catenin signaling. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017; 32:50-61. [PMID: 27190383 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For patients using peritoneal dialysis (PD), the peritoneal membrane can develop fibrosis and angiogenesis, leading to ultrafiltration failure, chronic hypervolemia and increased risk of technique failure and mortality. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and specifically the gelatinases (MMP2 and MMP9), may be involved in peritoneal membrane injury. Methods From stable PD patients, mesothelial cells were assayed for MMP gene expression. MMP9 was overexpressed in mouse peritoneum by adenovirus, and MMP9 -/- mice were subjected to transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced peritoneal fibrosis. Results MMP9 mRNA expression correlated with peritoneal membrane solute transport properties. Overexpression of MMP9 in the mouse peritoneum induced submesothelial thickening and angiogenesis. MMP9 induced mesothelial cell transition to a myofibroblast phenotype measured by increased alpha smooth muscle actin and decreased E-cadherin expression. Angiogenesis was markedly reduced in MMP9 -/- mice treated with an adenovirus expressing active TGF-β compared with wild-type mice. TGF-β-mediated E-cadherin cleavage was MMP9 dependent, and E-cadherin cleavage led to β-catenin-mediated signaling. A β-catenin inhibitor blocked the angiogenic response induced by AdMMP9. Conclusions Our data suggest that MMP9 is involved in peritoneal membrane injury possibly through cleavage of E-cadherin and induction of β-catenin signaling. MMP9 is a potential biomarker for peritoneal membrane injury and is a therapeutic target to protect the peritoneal membrane in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manreet Padwal
- Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Imad Siddique
- Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lili Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Katelynn Tang
- Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Felix Boivin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Limin Liu
- Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Robertson
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Darren Bridgewater
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Judith West-Mays
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Azim Gangji
- Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth Scott Brimble
- Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Peter J Margetts
- Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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28
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Song W, Mazzieri R, Yang T, Gobe GC. Translational Significance for Tumor Metastasis of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1106. [PMID: 28955335 PMCID: PMC5601389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment determines development and progression of many cancers. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is fundamental to tumor progression and metastasis not only by increasing invasiveness but also by increasing resistance to cell death, senescence, and various cancer therapies; determining inflammation and immune surveillance; and conferring stem cell properties. It does this by enabling polarized epithelial cells to transform into cells with a mesenchymal, and therefore motile, phenotype. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key cells of the tumor microenvironment that orchestrate the connection between inflammation and cancer. Activation of EMT often requires crosstalk between cancer cells and components of the local tumor microenvironment, including TAMs. In this review, clinical and experimental evidence is presented for control of TAMs in promoting cancer cell invasion and migration and their interaction with the EMT process in the metastatic cascade. The translational significance of these findings is that the signaling pathways that interconnect TAMs and EMT-modified cancer cells may represent promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Song
- Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Roberta Mazzieri
- Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tao Yang
- Discipline of Pathology, The Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,SydPath, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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29
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Yue H, Tang B, Zhao Y, Niu Y, Yin P, Yang W, Zhang Z, Yu P. MIR-519d suppresses the gastric cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition via Twist1 and inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:3654-3664. [PMID: 28861156 PMCID: PMC5575179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) deregulation is frequent in human gastric cancer (GC). MiR-519d has been reported to function as tumor suppressor microRNA in some tumors. However, the role of miR-519d in GC progression remains unclear. In the study, we demonstrated that the expression of miR-519d was down-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines, and lower miR-519d expression was associated with distant metastasis, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage for patients with GC. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis showed that lower miR-519d expression was positively associated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and the over survival (OS) time for GC patients and was an independent predictor. Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test also demonstrated that lower miR-519d had a poor shorter DFS and OS for GC patients. Function analysis showed that the inhibition of miR-519d expression was able to promote the cell proliferation, migration and invasion and over-expression of miR-519d in GC cells had inhibited effects. Moreover, we demonstrated that over-expression of miR-519d significantly inhibited the process of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in GC cells and miR-519d can directly target at 3'-untranslation region of Twist1 and regulate its expression. We also demonstrated that miR-519d could suppress the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in GC cells. In vivo, we showed that miR-519d inhibited the tumor growth. Thus, our results suggested that miR-519d functioned as a tumor suppressor in GC and could be a promising therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Yue
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Yongliang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Yanyang Niu
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Weijun Yang
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Peiwu Yu
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
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30
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Baulida J. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition transcription factors in cancer-associated fibroblasts. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:847-859. [PMID: 28544627 PMCID: PMC5496490 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond inducing epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transcription (EMT), transcriptional factors of the Snail, ZEB and Twist families (EMT‐TFs) control global plasticity programmes affecting cell stemness and fate. Literature addressing the reactivation of these factors in adult tumour cells is very extensive, as they enable cancer cell plasticity and fuel both tumour initiation and metastatic spread. Incipient data reveal that EMT‐TFs are also expressed in fibroblasts, providing these with additional properties. Here, I will review recent reports on the expression of EMT‐TFs in cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs). The new model suggests that EMT‐TFs can be envisioned as essential metastasis and chemoresistance‐promoting molecules, thereby enabling coordinated plasticity programmes in parenchyma and stroma–tumour compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Baulida
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Overexpression of EMT-inducing transcription factors as a potential poor prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in Asian populations: A meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:59500-59508. [PMID: 28938653 PMCID: PMC5601749 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The clinical relevance of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression has been highlighted during the last decade. The zinc finger E-box binding homeobox (ZEB) family, the zinc-finger transcriptional repressor (SNAI) family, and the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (Twist) family, known as the prominent EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), played a crucial role in the process of EMT. Here, this meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of EMT-TFs high expression in patients with HCC after hepatectomy. Results A total of 10 studies involving 1334 patients were retrieved for analysis, the synthetic date indicated that EMT-TFs overexpression was associated with poor postoperative overall survival (OS) [HR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.40–2.08; p < 0.00001] in HCC. The subgroup analyses revealed that overexpression of each individual EMT-TF (in addition to ZEB2) tended to be associated with poor OS. Moreover, EMT-TFs overexpression correlated with TNM stage, poor histological differentiation, intrahepatic metastasis and vascular invasion. Materials and Methods Relevant literature search in the PubMed, Web of Science database and Cochrane Library was performed to retrieve all eligible studies. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to investigation clinicopathological and prognostic significance of EMT-TFs expression in HCC. Conclusions EMT-TFs overexpression indicated an unfavorable prognosis in HCC patients following curative resection.
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Probing the Bi-directional Interaction Between Microglia and Gliomas in a Tumor Microenvironment on a Microdevice. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1478-1487. [PMID: 28236212 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been proven that microglia are involved in both early and late stages of glioma progression and contribute substantially to the tumor mass of gliomas. Because no appropriate in vitro or in vivo investigative approach is available, the dynamic interaction between microglia and gliomas during tumor formation remains unclear. In this study, three types of microfluidic assay were developed to examine the outcomes of the dynamic interaction between microglia and gliomas. Co-migration assay and two-dimensional cell co-culture assay have been used to show that microglial BV-2 cells migrate toward C6 glioma cells and inhibit tumor growth during the early stage of tumorigenesis. However, in three-dimensional cell spheres (three-dimensional cell co-culture assay) that contain a large amount of glioma cells, mimicking the late stage of glioma growth, the phagocytosis of microglia was suppressed, which suggests that glioma cells could reeducate classically activated microglia into a tumor-promoting state at some point during tumor progression. Notably, we found that microglia could contribute to tumor invasion and acquisition of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype in the glioma microenvironment during the early stage and the late stage of tumor progression. In conclusion, we have developed a potential quantitative method for in vitro study of glioma immunity and provided evidence for the duality of glioma-associated microglia.
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Hasei J, Teramura T, Takehara T, Onodera Y, Horii T, Olmer M, Hatada I, Fukuda K, Ozaki T, Lotz MK, Asahara H. TWIST1 induces MMP3 expression through up-regulating DNA hydroxymethylation and promotes catabolic responses in human chondrocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42990. [PMID: 28220902 PMCID: PMC5318945 DOI: 10.1038/srep42990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the levels of TWIST1 in normal and OA cartilage and examine its role in regulating gene expression in chondrocytes. Human cartilage tissues and chondrocytes were obtained at autopsy from normal knee joints and from OA-affected joints at the time of total knee arthroplasty. TWIST1 expression was increased in human OA knee cartilage compared to normal knee cartilage. TWIST1 induced matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) expression without direct binding to MMP3 promoter and increased the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) level at the MMP3 promoter. The effect of TWIST1 on expression of TET family (TET1, 2 and 3) was measured in stable TWIST1 transfected TC28 cells, and TET1 expression was up-regulated. TWIST1 dependent upregulation of Mmp3 expression was suppressed in Tet triple KO fibroblast derived from mouse ES cells. Increased TWIST1 expression is a feature of OA-affected cartilage. We identified a novel mechanism of catabolic reaction where TWIST1 up-regulates MMP3 expression by enriching 5hmC levels at the MMP3 promoter via TET1 induction. These findings implicate TWIST1 as an important factor regulating OA related gene expression. Clarifying epigenetic mechanisms of 5hmC induced by TWIST1 is a critical molecule to understanding OA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Hasei
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Takeshi Teramura
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Cell Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takehara
- Division of Cell Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuta Onodera
- Division of Cell Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Merissa Olmer
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kanji Fukuda
- Division of Cell Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Martin K. Lotz
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Fitian AI, Cabrera R. Disease monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma through metabolomics. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:1-17. [PMID: 28105254 PMCID: PMC5220267 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We elucidate major pathways of hepatocarcinogenesis and accurate diagnostic metabolomic biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) identified by contemporary HCC metabolomics studies, and delineate a model HCC metabolomics study design. A literature search was carried out on Pubmed for HCC metabolomics articles published in English. All relevant articles were accessed in full text. Major search terms included “HCC”, “metabolomics”, “metabolomics”, “metabonomic” and “biomarkers”. We extracted clinical and demographic data on all patients and consolidated the lead candidate biomarkers, pathways, and diagnostic performance of metabolomic expression patterns reported by all studies in tables. Where reported, we also extracted and summarized the metabolites and pathways most highly associated with the development of cirrhosis in table format. Pathways of lysophospholipid, sphingolipid, bile acid, amino acid, and reactive oxygen species metabolism were most consistently associated with HCC in the cited works. Several studies also elucidate metabolic alterations strongly associated with cirrhosis, with γ-glutamyl peptides, bile acids, and dicarboxylic acids exhibiting the highest capacity for stratifying cirrhosis patients from appropriately matched controls. Collectively, global metabolomic profiles of the referenced works exhibit a promising diagnostic capacity for HCC at a capacity greater than that of conventional diagnostic biomarker alpha-fetoprotein. Metabolomics is a powerful strategy for identifying global metabolic signatures that exhibit potential to be leveraged toward the screening, diagnosis, and management of HCC. A streamlined study design and patient matching methodology may improve concordance among metabolomic datasets in future works.
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35
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Hong GE, Lee HJ, Kim JA, Yumnam S, Raha S, Saralamma VVG, Heo JD, Lee SJ, Kim EH, Won CK, Kim GS. Korean Byungkyul - Citrus platymamma Hort.et Tanaka flavonoids induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, regulating MMP protein expression in Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:575-586. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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36
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Yi K, Kim H, Chung Y, Ahn H, Sim J, Wi YC, Pyo JY, Song YS, Paik SS, Oh YH. Clinicopathologic Correlations of E-cadherin and Prrx-1 Expression Loss in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Pathol Transl Med 2016; 50:327-36. [PMID: 27580127 PMCID: PMC5042901 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2016.06.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Developing predictive markers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is important, because many patients experience recurrence and metastasis. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental process that plays an important role during embryogenesis and also during cancer metastasis. Paired-related homeobox protein 1 (Prrx-1) is an EMT inducer that has recently been introduced, and its prognostic significance in HCC is largely unknown. Methods Tissue microarray was constructed using surgically resected primary HCCs from 244 cases. Immunohistochemical staining of E-cadherin and Prrx-1 was performed. The correlation between E-cadherin loss and Prrx-1 expression, as well as other clinicopathologic factors, was evaluated. Results E-cadherin expression was decreased in 96 cases (39.4%). Loss of E-cadherin correlated with a higher recurrence rate (p < .001) but was not correlated with patient’s survival. Thirty-two cases (13.3%) showed at least focal nuclear Prrx-1 immunoreactivity while all non-neoplastic livers (n = 22) were negative. Prrx-1 expression was not associated with E-cadherin loss, survival or recurrence rates, pathologic factors, or the Ki-67 labeling index. Twenty tumors that were positive for E-cadherin and Prrx-1 had significantly higher nuclear grades than the rest of the cohort (p = .037). In Cox proportional hazard models, E-cadherin loss and large vessel invasion were independent prognostic factors for shorter disease-free survival. Cirrhosis and high Ki-67 index (> 40%) were independent prognostic factors for shorter overall survival. Conclusions Prrx-1 was expressed in small portions of HCCs but not in normal livers. Additional studies with a large number of Prrx-1-positive cases are required to confirm the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kijong Yi
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunsung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yumin Chung
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyein Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongmin Sim
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Chan Wi
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Soo Song
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Sam Paik
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ha Oh
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Targeting EMP3 suppresses proliferation and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through inactivation of PI3K/Akt pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34859-74. [PMID: 26472188 PMCID: PMC4741495 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial membrane protein-3 (EMP3), a typical member of the epithelial membrane protein (EMP) family, is epigenetically silenced in some cancer types, and has been proposed to be a tumor suppressor gene. However, its effects on tumor suppression are controversial and its roles in development and malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. In the present study, we found that EMP3 was highly expressed in the tumorous tissues comparing to the matched normal tissues, and negatively correlated with differentiated degree of HCC patients. Knockdown of EMP3 significantly reduced cell proliferation, arrested cell cycle at G1 phase, and inhibited the motility and invasiveness in accordance with the decreased expression and activity of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in HCC cells. The in vivo tumor growth of HCC was effectively suppressed by knockdown of EMP3 in a xenograft mouse model. The EMP3 knockdown-reduced cell proliferation and invasion were attenuated by inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) or knockdown of Akt, and rescued by overexpression of Akt in HCC cells. Clinical positive correlations of EMP3 with p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K, p-Akt, uPA, as well as MMP-9 were observed in the tissue sections from HCC patients. Here, we elucidated the tumor progressive effects of EMP3 through PI3K/Akt pathway and uPA/MMP-9 cascade in HCC cells. The findings provided a new insight into EMP3, which might be a potential molecular target for diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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38
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Ranjan A, Bera K, Iwakuma T. Murine double minute 2, a potential p53-independent regulator of liver cancer metastasis. HEPATOMA RESEARCH 2016; 2:114-121. [PMID: 28944296 PMCID: PMC5609474 DOI: 10.20517/2394-5079.2015.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has emerged as one of the most commonly diagnosed forms of human cancer; yet, the mechanisms underlying HCC progression remain unclear. Unlike other cancers, systematic chemotherapy is not effective for HCC patients, while surgical resection and liver transplantation are the most viable treatment options. Thus, identifying factors or pathways that suppress HCC progression would be crucial for advancing treatment strategies for HCC. The murine double minute 2 (MDM2)-p53 pathway is impaired in most of the cancer types, including HCC, and MDM2 is overexpressed in approximately 30% of HCC. Overexpression of MDM2 is reported to be well correlated with metastasis, drug resistance, and poor prognosis of multiple cancer types, including HCC. Importantly, these correlations are observed even when p53 is mutated. Indeed, p53-independent functions of overexpressed MDM2 in cancer progression have been suitably demonstrated. In this review article, we summarize potential effectors of MDM2 that promote or suppress cancer metastasis and discuss the p53-independent roles of MDM2 in liver cancer metastasis from clinical as well as biological perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Ranjan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Kaustav Bera
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Tomoo Iwakuma
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Zhang P, Huang C, Fu C, Tian Y, Hu Y, Wang B, Strasner A, Song Y, Song E. Cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) suppressed HMGA2, Twist1 and ZEB1-dependent melanoma invasion and metastasis by targeting miR-33b. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9834-53. [PMID: 25868853 PMCID: PMC4496401 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma, the most deadly form of skin cancer, has a high propensity for metastatic spread and is notoriously chemotherapy-resistant. Cordycepin, the active component of Cordyceps spp., has been identified to have anti-metastatic effect on tumor progression and thus possesses pharmacological and therapeutic potentials. However, the mechanisms of anti-metastatic effects of cordycepin at cellular levels remain elusive. We analyzed the effect of cordycepin on human melanoma miRNA expression profiles by miRNAarray and found that miR-33b was upregulated in highly-metastatic melanoma cell lines following cordycepin exposure. Cordycepin-mediated miR-33b expression was dependent on LXR-RXR heterodimer activation. miR-33b directly binds to HMGA2, Twist1 and ZEB1 3'-UTR to suppress their expression. The negative correlations between miR-33b levels and HMGA2, Twist1 or ZEB1 expression were detected in 72 patient melanoma tissue samples. By targeting HMGA2 and Twist1, miR-33b attenuated melanoma migration and invasiveness upon cordycepin exposure. miR-33b knockdown or ZEB1 overexpression reverted cordycepin-mediated mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), triggering the expression of N-cadherin. In spontaneous metastasis models, cordycepin suppressed tumor metastasis without altering primary tumor growth. We showed for the first time that targeting miRNA by cordycepin indicates a new mechanism of cordycepin-induced suppression of tumor metastasis and miR-33b/HMGA2/Twist1/ZEB1 axis plays critical roles in regulating melanoma dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.,Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Changjin Huang
- Institute of Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Changliang Fu
- Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Yang Tian
- Institute of Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yijuan Hu
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bochu Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Amy Strasner
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Li L, Wu D. miR-32 inhibits proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis by targeting TWIST1 in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:1489-98. [PMID: 27042117 PMCID: PMC4798210 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s99931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background By analyzing published microRNA microarray studies, miR-32 was found to be markedly reduced in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues compared with that in nontumor tissues. However, little is known about its role and molecular mechanism involved in NSCLC development and progression. Here, we report the effect of miR-32 on NSCLC cell proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression level of miR-32 in primary NSCLC cases and cell lines. miR-32-overexpressing H1299 and A549 cells were constructed by lipofection transfection. MTT, transwell chamber, and Western blot assays were used to assess the effect of miR-32 on proliferation, EMT, and metastasis of NSCLC cells, respectively. Target prediction and luciferase reporter assays were performed to investigate the targets of miR-32. Tumor formation assay in vivo was performed to investigate the antitumor effect of miR-32. Results An inverse correlation existed between miR-32 expression level and NSCLC cell proliferation, EMT, and metastasis, and upregulation of miR-32 repressed NSCLC cell proliferation, EMT, and metastasis. Moreover, we identified and validated that TWIST1 was a direct target of miR-32, and miR-32 regulated NSCLC cell proliferation, EMT, and metastasis, at least in part via modulation of TWIST1. The animal experiments showed that overexpression of miR-32 inhibited the growth of NSCLC tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Pneumology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, People's Republic of China
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Reciprocal activation between MMP-8 and TGF-β1 stimulates EMT and malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2016; 374:85-95. [PMID: 26872724 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of surgery in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is limited due to metastasis and recurrence, but the molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that MMP-8 and TGF-β1 accumulate in highly invasive HCC cell lines and invasive HCC patient tissues. Upregulation of MMP-8 and TGF-β1 correlated with changes in cellular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypes and HCC migration and invasion. The expression of TGF-β1 was markedly restored by MMP-8 overexpression in TGF-β1-depleted HCC cells mainly via the activation of PI3K/Akt/Rac1 pathway. Similarly, the expression of MMP-8 was restored by TGF-β1 treatment in MMP-8-depleted HCC cells mainly through the activation of the same PI3K/Akt/Rac1 pathway. MMP-8 expression was significantly related to TGF-β1 expression in HCC patient tissues, and high expression of MMP-8 or TGF-β1 was significantly associated with TNM stage and HCC metastasis. Specifically, patients with high co-expression of MMP-8 and TGF-β1 had a shorter time-to-recurrence than those with low co-expression. Therefore, the reciprocal positive interplay between MMP-8 and TGF-β1 contributes to HCC invasion and metastasis by inducing EMT mainly through the PI3K/Akt/Rac1 pathway.
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42
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Ren Y, Zhou Y, Liu M, Zhang S. Associations of Promoter Methylations and mRNA Expressions of MMP-2, MMP-7 and MMP-9 with Primary Fallopian Tube Carcinoma. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2016; 81:367-74. [PMID: 26785083 DOI: 10.1159/000443639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the associations of matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2), MMP-7 and MMP-9 methylations and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expressions with primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC) development and prognosis. METHODS We recruited 48 patients with PFTC into the case group and 48 healthy individuals into the control group; PFTC tissues and normal fallopian tube tissues were obtained from subjects in both groups. Methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcription PCR and the immunohistochemical method were used to examine methylation, mRNA expressions and protein expressions of MMP-2, MMP-7 and MMP-9, respectively. RESULTS The methylation rates of MMP-2, MMP-7 and MMP-9 in the case group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all p < 0.05); MMP-2, MMP-7 and MMP-9 protein and mRNA expressions of PFTC tissues were enormously higher than those of normal tissues (all p < 0.05); univariate survival analysis indicated that MMP-2 and MMP-9 methylations and their protein expressions were associated with PFTC prognosis (all p < 0.05), which was further confirmed by the Cox regression model (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The protein and mRNA expressions of MMP-2, MMP-7 and MMP-9 might be related to PFTC, while the methylations and protein expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 might be associated with PFTC progression and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefang Ren
- Department of Gynecology, Huzhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Huzhou, PR China
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Sun X, Cui M, Zhang A, Tong L, Wang K, Li K, Wang X, Sun Z, Zhang H. MiR-548c impairs migration and invasion of endometrial and ovarian cancer cells via downregulation of Twist. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:10. [PMID: 26762267 PMCID: PMC4712560 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs, which post-transcriptionally repress the expression of genes involved in cancer initiation and progression. Although some miRNAs that target many signaling pathways (also called universe miRNAs) are supposed to play a global role in diverse human tumors, their regulatory functions in gynecological cancers remain largely unknown. We investigated the biological role and underlying mechanism of miR-548c (one universe miRNA) in endometrial and ovarian cancer. METHODS The effects of miR-548c overexpression on cell proliferation, migration and invasion were studied in endometrial and ovarian cancer cells. TWIST1 (Twist) was identified as a direct miR-548c target by western blot analysis and luciferase activity assay. The expression of miR-548c and Twist were examined by qRT-PCR in endometrial and ovarian cancer tissues. RESULTS Here, we report that miR-548c is down-regulated in endometrial and ovarian cancer tissues when compared to normal tissues, and our meta-analysis reveal that decreased miR-548c expression correlates with poor prognosis in endometrial cancer patients. We show that in endometrial and ovarian cancer cells, ectopic expression of miR-548c significantly inhibits whereas knockdown of miR-548c dramatically induces cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. By using luciferase reporter assay, we demonstrate that Twist, a known oncogene in endometrial and ovarian cancers, is a direct target of miR-548c. Furthermore, the expression of Twist partially abrogates the tumor suppressive effects of miR-548c on cell migration and invasion. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that miR-548c directly downregulates Twist, and provide a novel mechanism for Twist upregulation in both endometrial and ovarian cancers. The use of miR-548c may hold therapeutic potential for the treatment of Twist-overexpressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Manhua Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.
| | - Aichen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Lingling Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Ziqian Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Hongye Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Linder M, Tschernig T. Vasculogenic mimicry: Possible role of effector caspase-3, caspase-6 and caspase-7. Ann Anat 2015; 204:114-7. [PMID: 26704356 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) describes the process by which aggressive cancer cells form extracellular matrix-rich, vessel-like mesh works, which supply nutrients and oxygen. Furthermore, it offers a new route for tumor cell invasion and metastasis and thus a correspondingly poor prognosis and survival rate for affected patients. Effector caspases are well known for their apoptotic function, whereas a non-apoptotic function in tumor progression is highly disputed. Caspase-3, -6 and -7 are expressed in aggressive tumor cells in a non-mutated form, indicating an active function independent of apoptosis. This review summarizes the possible functions of the above-mentioned caspases in VM. We also discuss the possible involvement of caspases in potential mechanisms towards the formation of vessel-like structures. Furthermore, this review illustrates the importance of new studies in the ongoing investigation into the role of effector caspases in VM, invasion, and migration of aggressive tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Linder
- Center of Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
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Yang J, Hou Y, Zhou M, Wen S, Zhou J, Xu L, Tang X, Du YE, Hu P, Liu M. Twist induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell motility in breast cancer via ITGB1-FAK/ILK signaling axis and its associated downstream network. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 71:62-71. [PMID: 26693891 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Twist, a highly conserved basic Helix-Loop-Helix transcription factor, functions as a major regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor metastasis. In different cell models, signaling pathways such as TGF-β, MAPK/ERK, WNT, AKT, JAK/STAT, Notch, and P53 have also been shown to play key roles in the EMT process, yet little is known about the signaling pathways regulated by Twist in tumor cells. Using iTRAQ-labeling combined with 2D LC-MS/MS analysis, we identified 194 proteins with significant changes of expression in MCF10A-Twist cells. These proteins reportedly play roles in EMT, cell junction organization, cell adhesion, and cell migration and invasion. ECM-receptor interaction, MAPK, PI3K/AKT, P53 and WNT signaling were found to be aberrantly activated in MCF10A-Twist cells. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis showed that integrin β1 (ITGB1) acts as a core regulator in linking integrin-linked kinase (ILK), Focal-adhesion kinase (FAK), MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, and WNT signaling. Increased Twist and ITGB1 are associated with breast tumor progression. Twist transcriptionally regulates ITGB1 expression. Over-expression of ITGB1 or Twist in MCF10A led to EMT, activation of FAK/ILK, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, and WNT signaling. Knockdown of Twist or ITGB1 in BT549 and Hs578T cells decreased activity of FAK, ILK, and their downstream signaling, thus specifically impeding EMT and cell invasion. Knocking down ILK or inhibiting FAK, MAPK/ERK, or PI3K/AKT signaling also suppressed Twist-driven EMT and cell invasion. Thus, the Twist-ITGB1-FAK/ILK pathway and their downstream signaling network dictate the Twist-induced EMT process in human mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yixuan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mingli Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Siyang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan-E Du
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Zhu QQ, Ma C, Wang Q, Song Y, Lv T. The role of TWIST1 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancers. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:185-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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47
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Lian S, Xia Y, Khoi PN, Ung TT, Yoon HJ, Kim NH, Kim KK, Jung YD. Cadmium induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression via ROS-dependent EGFR, NF-кB, and AP-1 pathways in human endothelial cells. Toxicology 2015; 338:104-16. [PMID: 26514923 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a widespread cumulative pollutant, is a known human carcinogen, associated with inflammation and tumors. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays a pivotal role in tumor metastasis; however, the mechanisms underlying the MMP-9 expression induced by Cd remain obscure in human endothelial cells. Here, Cd elevated MMP-9 expression in dose- and time-dependent manners in human endothelial cells. Cd increased ROS production and the ROS-producing NADPH oxidase. Cd translocates p47(phox), a key subunit of NADPH oxidase, to the cell membrane. Cd also activated the phosphorylation of EGFR, Akt, Erk1/2, and JNK1/2 in addition to promoting NF-кB and AP-1 binding activities. Specific inhibitor and mutagenesis studies showed that EGFR, Akt, Erk1/2, JNK1/2 and transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1 were related to Cd-induced MMP-9 expression in endothelial cells. Akt, Erk1/2, and JNK1/2 functioned as upstream signals in the activation of NF-κB and AP-1, respectively. In addition, N-acetyl-l-cystein (NAC), diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) and apocynin (APO) inhibited the Cd-induced activation of EGFR, Akt, Erk1/2, JNK1/2, and p38 MAPK, indicating that ROS production by NADPH oxidase is the furthest upstream signal in MMP-9 expression. At present, it states that Cd displayed marked invasiveness in ECV304 cells, which was partially abrogated by MMP-9 neutralizing antibodies. These results demonstrated that Cd induces MMP-9 expression via ROS-dependent EGFR->Erk1/2, JNK1/2->AP-1 and EGFR->Akt->NF-κB signaling pathways and, in turn, stimulates invasiveness in human endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lian
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Xia
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea
| | - Pham Ngoc Khoi
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea
| | - Trong Thuan Ung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joong Yoon
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Ho Kim
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Keun Kim
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Do Jung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Republic of Korea.
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A20 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and metastasis through inhibition of Twist1 expression. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:186. [PMID: 26538215 PMCID: PMC4634191 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant expression of A20 has been reported in several human malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its clinical relevance and potential role in HCC remain unknown. Methods Quantitative PCR, Western blots and immunohistochemistry analyses were used to quantify A20 expression in HCC samples and cell lines. The correlation of A20 expression with clinicopathologic features was analyzed in a cohort containing 143 patients with primary HCC. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate the association between A20 expression and patient survival. Functional studies were performed to determine the effects of A20 on proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Results Expression of A20 was increased in HCC tissues and cell lines. Increased expression of A20 was negatively correlated with the tumor size, TNM stage, tumor thrombus formation, capsular invasion and serum AFP levels. Patients with higher A20 expression had a prolonged disease-free survival and overall survival than those with lower A20 expression. Forced expression of A20 significantly inhibited the proliferative and invasive properties of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo, whereas knockdown of A20 expression showed the opposite effects. Further studies revealed that expression of A20 was inversely correlated with Twist1 levels and NF-κB activity in HCC tissues and cell lines. A20-induced suppression of proliferation and migration of HCC cells were mainly mediated through inhibition of Twist1 expression that was regulated at least partly by A20-induced attenuation of NF-κB activity. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that A20 plays a negative role in the development and progression of HCC probably through inhibiting Twist1 expression. A20 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for HCC patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0454-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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miR-363 induces transdifferentiation of human kidney tubular cells to mesenchymal phenotype. Clin Exp Nephrol 2015; 20:394-401. [DOI: 10.1007/s10157-015-1167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Grewal R, Cucuianu A, Swanepoel C, Dima D, Petrushev B, Pop B, Berindan-Neagoe I, Abayomi EA, Tomuleasa C. The role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of HIV-related lymphomas. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2015. [PMID: 26218036 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of HIV-related lymphomas (HRLs) is increased by 60-100 times in patients with HIV. When compared to the general population, patients with HRLs often present with extranodal lymphoid proliferation, most frequently of the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, liver and bone marrow. MicroRNAs (miRs) are non-coding double-stranded RNA molecules of 18-25 nucleotides that regulate post-translational gene expression by inhibiting translation or promoting degradation of messenger RNA complementary sequences. Before their discovery, tumorigenesis was thought to have been caused by the alteration of protein-coding oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes, but once identified in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, miRs function as either oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes was confirmed in different types of malignancies. Since miRs are clearly involved in tumorigenesis in many cancers, their role in HRLs is now receiving attention. A few studies have been conducted thus far in some HRLs on the involvement of miR in the pathogenesis of lymphoid malignancies. Since B-cell lymphomas arise from various stages of B-cell development in both HIV-infected and HIV-naïve patients, investigators have tried to determine the different miR signatures in B-cell development. As classic immunohistochemistry staining is sometimes not enough for the differential diagnosis of HRLs, in the present review, we have described the potential use of miRs in the prognosis and diagnosis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravnit Grewal
- a Division of Hematopathology , Tygerberg Academic Hospital , Tygerberg , South Africa
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