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Al-Kafaji G, Alwehaidah MS, Alsabbagh MM, Alharbi MA, Bakhiet M. Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup analysis in Saudi Arab patients with multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279237. [PMID: 36534684 PMCID: PMC9762579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants are associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), a complex neurodegenerative immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system. Since mtDNA is maternally inherited without recombination, specific mtDNA variants defining genetic background are associated with the susceptibility to human diseases. To assess the contribution of mtDNA haplogroups to the predisposition of MS in an Arab population, we analysed sequencing data of mitochondrial genomes from 47 native Saudi Arab individuals including 23 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and 24 healthy controls. All patients and controls could be classified into ten haplogroups. The European-specific haplogroup U was more prevalent in patients than in the controls (26.1% vs. 4.2%), whereas haplogroup T was only present in patients and haplogroups HV and N were only found in controls. Haplogroup U was significantly association with increased risk of MS (odds ratio = 6.26, p<0.05), although the association did not maintain significance after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Haplotype U was more prevalent in patients with younger age of onset (p = 0.006), but there was no relationship between haplotype U and disease severity, disease duration or EDSS and age-matched carriers and non-carriers of haplogroup U (p>0.05). Definition site of haplogroup U include the variant m.12308A>G in MT-TL2 gene which was found to affect highly conserved position within the variable arm of tRNALeu(CUN) and thus may impact mitochondrial protein synthesis, and two other variants namely m.11467A>G in MT-ND4 gene and m.12372G>A in MT-ND5 gene which were previously linked with mitochondrial function. Despite the small number of subjects, which may limit the statistical power of the study, our results showed for the first time a possible contribution of haplogroup U to the predisposition to MS in an Arab population. These findings warrant further validation in a large cohort to distinguish a genuine effect specific to MS from a chance finding due to small sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Al-Kafaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
- * E-mail:
| | - Materah Salem Alwehaidah
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Manahel Mahmood Alsabbagh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Maram A. Alharbi
- College of Forensic Sciences, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Moiz Bakhiet
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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2
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Mitonuclear interactions influence multiple sclerosis risk. Gene 2020; 758:144962. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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3
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Detection of mitochondrial transfer RNA (mt-tRNA) gene mutations in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis. Mitochondrion 2018; 43:43-52. [PMID: 30473003 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production may lead to tissue injury associated with two respiratory disorders of unknown origin which are shared by common tissue fibrosis, IPF and sarcoidosis. Sequence analysis of 22 mt-tRNA genes and parts of their flanking genes revealed 32 and 45 mutations in 38/40 IPF and 69/85 sarcoidosis patients respectively. 4 novel mutations were identified. 15/32 and 25/45 mutations were exclusively expressed while 12/32 and 17/45 mutations predominantly occurred in IPF and sarcoidosis group respectively, compared to healthy controls. Novel mutation combinations were solely expressed in disease. Hence, a mitochondrial-mediated pathogenic pathway seems to underlie both entities.
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4
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Chinnery PF, Gomez-Duran A. Oldies but Goldies mtDNA Population Variants and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:682. [PMID: 30369864 PMCID: PMC6194173 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
mtDNA is transmitted through the maternal line and its sequence variability, which is population specific, is assumed to be phenotypically neutral. However, several studies have shown associations between the variants defining some genetic backgrounds and the susceptibility to several pathogenic phenotypes, including neurodegenerative diseases. Many of these studies have found that some of these variants impact many of these phenotypes, including the ones defining the Caucasian haplogroups H, J, and Uk, while others, such as the ones defining the T haplogroup, have phenotype specific associations. In this review, we will focus on those that have shown a pleiotropic effect in population studies in neurological diseases. We will also explore their bioenergetic and genomic characteristics in order to provide an insight into the role of these variants in disease. Given the importance of mitochondrial population variants in neurodegenerative diseases a deeper analysis of their effects might unravel new mechanisms of disease and help design new strategies for successful treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F Chinnery
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aurora Gomez-Duran
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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5
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Kozin MS, Kulakova OG, Favorova OO. Involvement of Mitochondria in Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:813-830. [PMID: 30200866 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918070052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Functional disruption and neuronal loss followed by progressive dysfunction of the nervous system underlies the pathogenesis of numerous disorders defined as "neurodegenerative diseases". Multiple sclerosis, a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system resulting in serious neurological dysfunctions and disability, is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies suggest that disturbances in mitochondrial functioning are key factors leading to neurodegeneration. In this review, we consider data on mitochondrial dysfunctions in multiple sclerosis, which were obtained both with patients and with animal models. The contemporary data indicate that the axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis largely results from the activation of Ca2+-dependent proteases and from misbalance of ion homeostasis caused by energy deficiency. The genetic studies analyzing association of mitochondrial DNA polymorphic variants in multiple sclerosis suggest the participation of mitochondrial genome variability in the development of this disease, although questions of the involvement of individual genomic variants are far from being resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Kozin
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia. .,National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - O G Kulakova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia. .,National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - O O Favorova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia.,National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, 121552, Russia
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6
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Bindu PS, Sonam K, Chiplunkar S, Govindaraj P, Nagappa M, Vekhande CC, Aravinda HR, Ponmalar JNJ, Mahadevan A, Gayathri N, Bharath MMS, Sinha S, Taly AB. Mitochondrial leukoencephalopathies: A border zone between acquired and inherited white matter disorders in children? Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 20:84-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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7
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Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup K as a contributor to protection against thyroid cancer in a population from southeast Europe. Mitochondrion 2017; 39:43-50. [PMID: 28851673 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to analyze the contribution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups of the mtDNA control region to thyroid cancer risk in a population from southeastern Europe consisting of 235 thyroid tumor patients, including 114 patients with thyroid follicular adenoma, 121 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, and 419 healthy controls. Binary logistic regression with adjustment for age and gender revealed that mtDNA haplogroup K was significantly associated with a protective role for thyroid cancer in the combined tumor group versus controls. These results indicate a potential role for mtDNA haplogroups as important candidate susceptibility markers for the patients with thyroid nodules.
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8
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Andalib S, Emamhadi M, Yousefzadeh-Chabok S, Salari A, Sigaroudi AE, Vafaee MS. MtDNA T4216C variation in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Neurol Belg 2016; 116:439-443. [PMID: 27457485 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-016-0675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
MtDNA T4216C variation has frequently been investigated in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients; nonetheless, controversy has existed about the evidence of association of this variation with susceptibility to MS. The present systematic review and meta-analysis converge the results of the preceding publications, pertaining to association of mtDNA T4216C variation with susceptibility to MS, into a common conclusion. A computerized literature search in English was carried out to retrieve relevant publications from which required data were extracted. Using a fixed effect model, pooled odds ratio (OR), 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI), and P value were calculated for association of mtDNA T4216C variation with susceptibility to MS. The pooled results showed that there was a significant association between mtDNA T4216C variation and MS (OR = 1.38, 95 % CI = 1.13-1.67, P = 0.001). The present systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that mtDNA T4216C variation is a contributory factor in susceptibility to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Andalib
- Department of Neurosurgery, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Emamhadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Shahrokh Yousefzadeh-Chabok
- Department of Neurosurgery, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arsalan Salari
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiology Research Center, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Abdolhosein Emami Sigaroudi
- Department of Health and Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Seyedi Vafaee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark & Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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9
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Houshmand M, Sanati MH, Babrzadeh F, Ardalan A, Teimori M, Vakilian M, Akuchekian M, Farhud D, Lotfi J. Population screening for association of mitochondrial haplogroups BM, J, K and M with multiple sclerosis: interrelation between haplogroup J and MS in Persian patients. Mult Scler 2016; 11:728-30. [PMID: 16320736 DOI: 10.1191/1352458505ms1228sr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immunological inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which is chronically observed in young adults. On the basis of earlier studies, potential relatedness between MS and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations was postulated. Materials and methods: 246 individuals were screened using the PCR-RFLP method, including 70 MS patients examined for mitochondrial haplogroups BM, J, K and M and 176, 149 and 70 normal controls examined for haplogroups BM and M, J and K, respectively. Results and discussion: Our analysis revealed a relatively high proportion of haplogroup BM in MS patients (∼26%) compared to normal controls (∼13%). In addition, a slightly significant increase of MS patients of haplogroup J (20% in MS patients versus 9.39% in normal controls at P-0.049), while haplogroups M and K did not show contribution to MS contingency (2.85 and 2.27%, respectively at P-1.000 in haplogroup M and 12.85 and 7.14% respectively at P-0.399 in haplogroup K).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Houshmand
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Farha S, Hu B, Comhair S, Zein J, Dweik R, Erzurum SC, Aldred MA. Mitochondrial Haplogroups and Risk of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156042. [PMID: 27224443 PMCID: PMC4880300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious and often fatal disease. It is a panvasculopathy of the pulmonary microcirculation characterized by vasoconstriction and arterial obstruction due to vascular proliferation and remodeling and ultimately right ventricular failure. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a universal finding in pulmonary vascular cells of patients with PAH, and is mechanistically linked to disease origins in animal models of pulmonary hypertension. Mitochondria have their own circular DNA (mtDNA), which can be subgrouped into polymorphic haplogroup variants, some of which have been identified as at-risk or protective from cardiovascular and/or neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we hypothesized that mitochondrial haplogroups may be associated with PAH. To test this, mitochondrial haplogroups were determined in a cohort of PAH patients and controls [N = 204 Caucasians (125 PAH and 79 controls) and N = 46 African Americans (13 PAH and 33 controls)]. Haplogroup L was associated with a lower rate of PAH as compared to macrohaplogroups N and M. When haplogroups were nested based on ancestral inheritance and controlled for age, gender and race, haplogroups M and HV, JT and UK of the N macro-haplogroup had significantly higher rates of PAH compared to the ancestral L (L0/1/2 and L3) (all p ≤ 0.05). Overall, the findings suggest that mitochondrial haplogroups influence risk of PAH and that a vulnerability to PAH may have emerged under the selective enrichment of specific haplogroups that occurred with the migration of populations out of Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Farha
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SF); (MAA)
| | - Bo Hu
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Suzy Comhair
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joe Zein
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Raed Dweik
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Serpil C. Erzurum
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Micheala A. Aldred
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SF); (MAA)
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11
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Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis. Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:179-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Llobet L, Gómez-Durán A, Iceta R, Iglesias E, Montoya J, Martín-Martínez J, Ara JR, Ruiz-Pesini E. Stressed cybrids model demyelinated axons in multiple sclerosis. Metab Brain Dis 2013; 28:639-45. [PMID: 23612782 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-013-9410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is likely caused by a complex interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors. The contribution of mitochondrial DNA genetic backgrounds has been frequently reported. To evaluate the effect of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups in the same genetic and environmental circumstances, we have built human transmitochondrial cell lines and simulated the effect of axon demyelination, one of the hallmarks of multiple sclerosis pathology, by altering the ionic gradients through the plasmalemma and increasing ATP consumption. In this model, mitochondrial biogenesis is observed. This process is larger in Uk cybrids, which mirrors their lower oxidative phosphorylation capacity in basal conditions. This model replicates a process occurring in both patients suffering from multiple sclerosis and several animal models of axon demyelination. Therefore, it can be used to analyze the contribution of various mitochondrial DNA genotypes to multiple sclerosis. In this sense, a longer or stronger energy stress, such as that associated with demyelinated axons in multiple sclerosis, could make Uk individuals more susceptible to this pathology. Finally, pharmacologic compounds targeted to mitochondrial biogenesis could be a potential therapy for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Llobet
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas En Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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13
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Pfeffer G, Burke A, Yu-Wai-Man P, Compston DAS, Chinnery PF. Clinical features of MS associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy mtDNA mutations. Neurology 2013; 81:2073-81. [PMID: 24198293 PMCID: PMC3863351 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000437308.22603.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine whether the association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) (known as “Harding disease”) is a chance finding, or the 2 disorders are mechanistically linked. Methods: We performed a United Kingdom–wide prospective cohort study of prevalent cases of MS with LHON mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. The new cases were compared with published cases, enabling a comprehensive clinical description. We also performed a meta-analysis of studies screening patients with MS for LHON mtDNA mutations to find evidence of a genetic association. Results: Twelve new patients were identified from 11 pedigrees, and 44 cases were identified in the literature. The combined cohort had the following characteristics: multiple episodes of visual loss, predominance for women, and lengthy time interval before the fellow eye is affected (average 1.66 years), which is very atypical of LHON; conversely, most patients presented without eye pain and had a poor visual prognosis, which is unusual for optic neuritis associated with MS. The number of UK cases of LHON-MS fell well within the range predicted by the chance occurrence of MS and the mtDNA mutations known to cause LHON. There was no association between LHON mtDNA mutations and MS in a meta-analysis of the published data. Conclusions: Although the co-occurrence of MS and LHON mtDNA mutations is likely to be due to chance, the resulting disorder has a distinct phenotype, implicating a mechanistic interaction. Patients with LHON-MS have a more aggressive course, and prognostication and treatment should be guarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Pfeffer
- From the Institute of Genetic Medicine (G.P., P.Y.-W.-M., P.F.C.), Newcastle; Institute of Neurology (A.B.), University College London; and Department of Clinical Neurosciences (D.A.S.C.), University of Cambridge, UK
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14
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Moreno-Loshuertos R, Pérez-Martos A, Fernández-Silva P, Enríquez JA. Length variation in the mouse mitochondrial tRNA(Arg) DHU loop size promotes oxidative phosphorylation functional differences. FEBS J 2013; 280:4983-98. [PMID: 23910637 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of the cellular oxidative phosphorylation system was recently shown to be modulated by common mitochondrial tRNA(A) (rg) haplotypes. The molecular mechanism by which some mt-Tr haplotypes induce these functional differences remains undetermined. Common polymorphisms in mouse mt-Tr genes affect the size of the dihydrouridine loop in the mature tRNA, producing loops of between five and seven nucleotides, the largest being a rare variant among mammals. Here, we analyzed a new mt-Tr variant identified in C3H mice, and found that it is mitochondrial tRNA loop size, but not the specific sequence, that is responsible for the observed differences in cellular respiration. We further found that the sensitivity of mitochondrial protein synthesis to specific inhibitors is dependent on the mt-Tr gene haplotype, and confirmed that the differences in oxidative phosphorylation performance are masked by a reactive oxygen species-induced compensatory increase in mitochondrial biogenesis.
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15
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Guha P, Srivastava SK, Bhattacharjee S, Chaudhuri TK. Human migration, diversity and disease association: a convergent role of established and emerging DNA markers. Front Genet 2013; 4:155. [PMID: 23950760 PMCID: PMC3738866 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With the gradual development of intelligence, human got curious to know his origin and evolutionary background. Historical statements and anthropological findings were his primary tool for solving the puzzles of his own origin, until came the golden era of molecular markers which took no time to prove it's excellence in unveiling answers to the questions regarding the migration pattern of human across different geographical regions. As a bonus these markers proved very much beneficial in solving criminal offenses and in understanding the etiology of many dreaded diseases and to design their prevention. In this review, we have aimed to throw light on some of the promising molecular markers which are very much in application now-a-days for not only understanding the evolutionary background and ancient migratory routes of humans but also in the field of forensics and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pokhraj Guha
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, SiliguriWest Bengal, India
| | - Sanjeev K. Srivastava
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, SiliguriWest Bengal, India
- Department of Medical genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, LucknowUttar Pradesh, India
| | - Soumen Bhattacharjee
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North BengalSiliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapas K. Chaudhuri
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, SiliguriWest Bengal, India
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16
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Hagen CM, Aidt FH, Hedley PL, Jensen MK, Havndrup O, Kanters JK, Moolman-Smook JC, Larsen SO, Bundgaard H, Christiansen M. Mitochondrial haplogroups modify the risk of developing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a Danish population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71904. [PMID: 23940792 PMCID: PMC3734310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in genes coding for proteins involved in sarcomere function. The disease is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Evolutionarily developed variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), defining mtDNA haplogroups and haplogroup clusters, is associated with functional differences in mitochondrial function and susceptibility to various diseases, including ischemic cardiomyopathy. We hypothesized that mtDNA haplogroups, in particular H, J and K, might modify disease susceptibility to HCM. Mitochondrial DNA, isolated from blood, was sequenced and haplogroups identified in 91 probands with HCM. The association with HCM was ascertained using two Danish control populations. Haplogroup H was more prevalent in HCM patients, 60% versus 46% (p = 0.006) and 41% (p = 0.003), in the two control populations. Haplogroup J was less prevalent, 3% vs. 12.4% (p = 0.017) and 9.1%, (p = 0.06). Likewise, the UK haplogroup cluster was less prevalent in HCM, 11% vs. 22.1% (p = 0.02) and 22.8% (p = 0.04). These results indicate that haplogroup H constitutes a susceptibility factor and that haplogroup J and haplogroup cluster UK are protective factors in the development of HCM. Thus, constitutive differences in mitochondrial function may influence the occurrence and clinical presentation of HCM. This could explain some of the phenotypic variability in HCM. The fact that haplogroup H and J are also modifying factors in ischemic cardiomyopathy suggests that mtDNA haplotypes may be of significance in determining whether a physiological hypertrophy develops into myopathy. mtDNA haplotypes may have the potential of becoming significant biomarkers in cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M. Hagen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik H. Aidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paula L. Hedley
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Morten K. Jensen
- Department of Medicine B, Heart Center, Righospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Havndrup
- Department of Cardiology, Roskilde Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jørgen K. Kanters
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Severin O. Larsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Medicine B, Heart Center, Righospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Christiansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Kamiński MM, Röth D, Krammer PH, Gülow K. Mitochondria as oxidative signaling organelles in T-cell activation: physiological role and pathological implications. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2013; 61:367-84. [PMID: 23749029 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-013-0235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Early scientific reports limited the cell biological role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to the cause of pathological damage. However, extensive research performed over the last decade led to a wide recognition of intracellular oxidative/redox signaling as a crucial mechanism of homeostatic regulation. Amongst different cellular processes known to be influenced by redox signaling, T-cell activation is one of the most established. Numerous studies reported an indispensible role for ROS as modulators of T-cell receptor-induced transcription. Nevertheless, mechanistic details regarding signaling pathways triggered by ROS are far from being delineated. The nature and interplay between enzymatic sources involved in the generation of "oxidative signals" are also a matter of ongoing research. In particular, active participation of the mitochondrial respiratory chain as ROS producer constitutes an intriguing issue with various implications for bioenergetics of activated T cells as well as for T-cell-mediated pathologies. The aim of the current review is to address these interesting concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin M Kamiński
- Tumour Immunology Program, Division of Immunogenetics (D030), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,
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18
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Andalib S, Talebi M, Sakhinia E, Farhoudi M, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Motavallian A, Pilehvar-Soltanahmadi Y. Multiple sclerosis and mitochondrial gene variations: a review. J Neurol Sci 2013; 330:10-5. [PMID: 23669867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating disease of the central nervous system. Its etiology is still an unanswered enigma; its symptoms are varied and unpredictable; and there is no cure for it. Genetics has been introduced as a contributing factor to MS. Not only may MS stem from nuclear gene variations/mutations, but also it may arise from mitochondrial gene variations/mutations. The association of mitochondrial DNA variations/mutations with the pathogenesis of MS has, so far, been analyzed by several studies. This paper reviews the literature with regard to MS and corresponding mitochondrial DNA variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Andalib
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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19
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Holzinger ER, Hulgan T, Ellis RJ, Samuels DC, Ritchie MD, Haas DW, Kallianpur AR, Bloss CS, Clifford DB, Collier AC, Gelman BB, Marra CM, McArthur JC, McCutchan JA, Morgello S, Simpson DM, Franklin DR, Rosario D, Selph D, Letendre S, Grant I. Mitochondrial DNA variation and HIV-associated sensory neuropathy in CHARTER. J Neurovirol 2012; 18:511-20. [PMID: 23073667 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-012-0133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
HIV-associated sensory neuropathy remains an important complication of combination antiretroviral therapy and HIV infection. Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have previously been associated with symptomatic neuropathy in clinical trial participants. We examined associations between mitochondrial DNA variation and HIV-associated sensory neuropathy in CNS HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Effects Research (CHARTER). CHARTER is a USA-based longitudinal observational study of HIV-infected adults who underwent a structured interview and standardized examination. HIV-associated sensory neuropathy was determined by trained examiners as ≥1 sign (diminished vibratory and sharp-dull discrimination or ankle reflexes) bilaterally. Mitochondrial DNA sequencing was performed and haplogroups were assigned by published algorithms. Multivariable logistic regression of associations between mitochondrial DNA SNPs, haplogroups, and HIV-associated sensory neuropathy were performed. In analyses of associations of each mitochondrial DNA SNP with HIV-associated sensory neuropathy, the two most significant SNPs were at positions A12810G [odds ratio (95 % confidence interval) = 0.27 (0.11-0.65); p = 0.004] and T489C [odds ratio (95 % confidence interval) = 0.41 (0.21-0.80); p = 0.009]. These synonymous changes are known to define African haplogroup L1c and European haplogroup J, respectively. Both haplogroups were associated with decreased prevalence of HIV-associated sensory neuropathy compared with all other haplogroups [odds ratio (95 % confidence interval) = 0.29 (0.12-0.71); p = 0.007 and odds ratio (95 % confidence interval) = 0.42 (0.18-1.0); p = 0.05, respectively]. In conclusion, in this cohort of mostly combination antiretroviral therapy-treated subjects, two common mitochondrial DNA SNPs and their corresponding haplogroups were associated with a markedly decreased prevalence of HIV-associated sensory neuropathy.
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20
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Haber M, Youhanna SC, Balanovsky O, Saade S, Martínez-Cruz B, Ghassibe-Sabbagh M, Shasha N, Osman R, el Bayeh H, Koshel S, Zaporozhchenko V, Balanovska E, Soria-Hernanz DF, Platt DE, Zalloua PA. mtDNA lineages reveal coronary artery disease-associated structures in the Lebanese population. Ann Hum Genet 2011; 76:1-8. [PMID: 22017296 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2011.00682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Population origins and ancestry have previously been found to be important determinants of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study investigates associations of Lebanese mitochondrial DNA lineages with CAD and studies their correlation with other populations, exploring population structures that may infer mitochondria functional associations and reveal population movements and origins. Sequencing the mitochondrial hypervariable sequence 1 (HVS-1) of 363 controls and 448 cases revealed that haplogroup W was more frequent (P = 0.013) in cases compared to controls, and was associated with increased risk of CAD (OR = 5.50, 95% CI = 1.50-35.30, P = 0.026) among Lebanese samples. Haplogroup A was only found in controls (P = 0.029). We have detected stronger geographic correlation between haplogroup W and CAD (Pearson's r = 0.316, P < 0.001) than between haplogroup A and CAD (r = 0.149, P < 0.001). HVS-1 phylogenetic network of haplogroup W shows controls are restricted to European clusters while cases belong mostly to Middle Eastern natives. The network of haplogroup A shows that the controls belong to a cluster dominated by Central Asians. Our results show evidence of a gene flow into Lebanon, creating CAD-associated population structures that are similar to those in the source populations, maintained by limited admixture, and probably encompassing variations on the nuclear and/or the mitochondrial genome that are correlated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Haber
- The Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon
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21
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Ienco EC, Simoncini C, Orsucci D, Petrucci L, Filosto M, Mancuso M, Siciliano G. May "mitochondrial eve" and mitochondrial haplogroups play a role in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease? Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:709061. [PMID: 21423558 PMCID: PMC3056451 DOI: 10.4061/2011/709061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell, play a critical role in several metabolic processes and apoptotic pathways. Multiple evidences suggest that mitochondria may be crucial in ageing-related neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, mitochondrial haplogroups have been linked to multiple area of medicine, from normal ageing to diseases, including neurodegeneration. Polymorphisms within the mitochondrial genome might lead to impaired energy generation and to increased amount of reactive oxygen species, having either susceptibility or protective role in several diseases. Here, we highlight the role of the mitochondrial haplogroups in the pathogenetic cascade leading to diseases, with special attention to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Caldarazzo Ienco
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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22
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Venkateswaran S, Zheng K, Sacchetti M, Gagne D, Arnold DL, Sadovnick AD, Scherer SW, Banwell B, Bar-Or A, Simon DK. Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and mutations in children with acquired central demyelination. Neurology 2011; 76:774-80. [PMID: 21288980 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31820ee1bb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants in children with a first episode of acquired demyelinating syndromes (PD-ADS) of the CNS and their relationship to disease phenotype, including subsequent diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS This exploratory analysis included the initial 213 children with PD-ADS in the prospective Canadian Pediatric Demyelinating Study and 166 matched healthy sibling controls from the Canadian Autism Genome Project. A total of 31 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed, including haplogroup-defining SNPs and mtDNA variants previously reported to be associated with MS. RESULTS Primary Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) mutations and other known pathogenic mtDNA mutations were absent in both patients with pediatric acquired demyelinating syndromes and controls. The 13708A haplogroup J-associated variant, previously linked to adult MS, was more frequent among subjects with PD-ADS (13.0%) compared to controls (6.2%; odds ratio [OR] 2.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06 to 4.83) and haplogroup M was associated with an earlier age at onset of PD-ADS (-1.74 years; 95% CI -3.33 to -0.07). In contrast, the haplogroup cluster UKJT, as well as 3 other SNPs, were each associated with a lower risk of PD-ADS. A total of 33 subjects with PD-ADS were diagnosed with MS during a mean follow-up period of 3.11 ± 1.14 (SD) years. No single SNP was associated with the risk of subsequent diagnosis of MS. However, haplogroup H was associated with an increased risk of MS (OR 2.60; 95% CI 1.21 to 5.55). CONCLUSION These data suggest an association between mtDNA variants and the risk of PD-ADS and of a subsequent MS diagnosis. Replication of these findings in an independent population of subjects with PD-ADS is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Venkateswaran
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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van Horssen J, Witte ME, Schreibelt G, de Vries HE. Radical changes in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1812:141-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Witte ME, Geurts JJG, de Vries HE, van der Valk P, van Horssen J. Mitochondrial dysfunction: a potential link between neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration? Mitochondrion 2010; 10:411-8. [PMID: 20573557 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional mitochondria are thought to play a cardinal role in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and stroke. In addition, neuroinflammation is a common denominator of these diseases. Both mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammatory processes lead to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are detrimental to neurons. Therefore, neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized to contribute to processes underlying neurodegeneration. Here we describe the involvement of mitochondrial (dys)function in various neurological disorders and discuss the putative link between mitochondrial function and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten E Witte
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Martínez-Redondo D, Marcuello A, Casajús JA, Ara I, Dahmani Y, Montoya J, Ruiz-Pesini E, López-Pérez MJ, Díez-Sánchez C. Human mitochondrial haplogroup H: the highest VO2max consumer--is it a paradox? Mitochondrion 2009; 10:102-7. [PMID: 19900587 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial background has been demonstrated to influence maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max), in mLkg(-1)min(-1)), but this genetic influence can be compensated for by regular exercise. A positive correlation among electron transport chain (ETC) coupling, ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has been established, and mitochondrial variants have been reported to show differences in their ETC performance. In this study, we examined in detail the VO(2max) differences found among mitochondrial haplogroups. We recruited 81 healthy male Spanish Caucasian individuals and determined their mitochondrial haplogroup. Their VO(2max) was determined using incremental cycling exercise (ICE). VO(2max) was lower in J than in non-J haplogroup individuals (P=0.04). The H haplogroup was responsible for this difference (VO(2max); J vs. H; P=0.008) and this group also had significantly higher mitochondrial oxidative damage (mtOD) than the J haplogroup (P=0.04). In agreement with these results, VO(2max) and mtOD were positively correlated (P=0.01). Given that ROS production is the major contributor to mtOD and consumes four times more oxygen per electron than the ETC, our results strongly suggest that ROS production is responsible for the higher VO(2max) found in the H variant. These findings not only contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underneath VO(2max), but also help to explain some reported associations between mitochondrial haplogroups and mtOD with longevity, sperm motility, premature aging and susceptibility to different pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Martínez-Redondo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza y CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
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26
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Witte ME, Bø L, Rodenburg RJ, Belien JA, Musters R, Hazes T, Wintjes LT, Smeitink JA, Geurts JJG, De Vries HE, van der Valk P, van Horssen J. Enhanced number and activity of mitochondria in multiple sclerosis lesions. J Pathol 2009; 219:193-204. [DOI: 10.1002/path.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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27
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Mancuso M, Filosto M, Orsucci D, Siciliano G. Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation and neurodegeneration. Hum Genomics 2009; 3:71-8. [PMID: 19129091 PMCID: PMC3525185 DOI: 10.1186/1479-7364-3-1-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell, play a critical role in several metabolic processes and apoptotic pathways. Many lines of evidence suggest that mitochondria have a central role in ageing-related neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, there is a long history of investigations on mitochondria aimed at identifying genetic markers relating to ageing and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, some of the major neurodegenerative disorders are highlighted and the role of mitochondrial haplogroups in the pathogenetic cascade leading to these diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelangelo Mancuso
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurological Clinic, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa, Italy.
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28
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Blokhin A, Vyshkina T, Komoly S, Kalman B. Lack of mitochondrial DNA deletions in lesions of multiple sclerosis. Neuromolecular Med 2008; 10:187-94. [PMID: 18286391 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-008-8025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test if mitochondrial (mt)DNA deletions accumulate in brains of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). BACKGROUND Previous studies demonstrated an accumulation of oxidative damage to mtDNA and decreased activity of mitochondrial enzymes in lesions of MS, where activated immune cells produce increased amounts of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. The unknown link between oxidative damage and decreased activity of mitochondrial enzymes may be the accumulation of deletions in mtDNA molecules. mtDNA deletions in the brain have been associated with neurodegeneration and aging. METHODS mtDNA deletions were quantified by using real-time PCR in laser-dissected, COX-positive and COX-negative single neuronal and glial cells from frozen postmortem brain tissue specimens including normal appearing gray (NAGM) and white matter (NAWM) regions and chronic active plaques of MS patients, and gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) regions of age-matched controls. Three patients with advance Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases were included as positive controls. The proportion of deleted mtDNA molecules was correlated with pathology and age. RESULTS We detected no pathology-related accumulation of mtDNA deletions when comparisons were made among NAGM, NAWM, and plaque of MS brains, or between NAGM-GM and NAWM-WM of patients and age-matched controls. However, an accumulation of mtDNA deletions was noted in non-neurological controls beyond 60 years of age and in patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. As expected, the rate of mtDNA deletions was higher in COX- than in COX+ cells. CONCLUSION While aging and neurodegeneration in PD and AD are associated with accumulation of COX- cells and mtDNA deletions, the pathology of MS is not.
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29
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Vyshkina T, Sylvester A, Sadiq S, Bonilla E, Canter JA, Perl A, Kalman B. Association of common mitochondrial DNA variants with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2008; 129:31-5. [PMID: 18708297 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study re-investigates the roles of previously suggested candidate genes of energy metabolism (Complex I genes located in the nucleus and in the mitochondria) in patients with MS relative to ethnically matched SLE patients and healthy controls. After stringent correction for multiple testing, we reproduce the association of the mitochondrial (mt)DNA haplotype K* with MS, but reject the importance of previously suggested borderline associations with nuclear genes of Complex I. In addition, we detect the association of common variants of the mitochondrial ND2 and ATP6 genes with both MS and SLE, which raises the possibility of a shared mitochondrial genetic background of these two autoimmune diseases.
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30
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Ban M, Elson J, Walton A, Turnbull D, Compston A, Chinnery P, Sawcer S. Investigation of the role of mitochondrial DNA in multiple sclerosis susceptibility. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2891. [PMID: 18682780 PMCID: PMC2494944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that mitochondrial genetic factors may influence susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. To explore this hypothesis further, we re-sequenced the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) from 159 patients with multiple sclerosis and completed a haplogroup analysis including a further 835 patients and 1,506 controls. A trend towards over-representation of super-haplogroup U was the only evidence for association with mtDNA that we identified in these samples. In a parallel analysis of nuclear encoded mitochondrial genes, we also found a trend towards association with the complex I gene, NDUFS2. These results add to the evidence suggesting that variation in mtDNA and nuclear encoded mitochondrial genes may contribute to disease susceptibility in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ban
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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31
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Yu X, Koczan D, Sulonen AM, Akkad DA, Kroner A, Comabella M, Costa G, Corongiu D, Goertsches R, Camina-Tato M, Thiesen HJ, Nyland HI, Mørk SJ, Montalban X, Rieckmann P, Marrosu MG, Myhr KM, Epplen JT, Saarela J, Ibrahim SM. mtDNA nt13708A variant increases the risk of multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1530. [PMID: 18270557 PMCID: PMC2217590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/31/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphism is a possible factor contributing to the maternal parent-of-origin effect in multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility. Methods and Findings In order to investigate the role of mtDNA variations in MS, we investigated six European MS case-control cohorts comprising >5,000 individuals. Three well matched cohorts were genotyped with seven common, potentially functional mtDNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A SNP, nt13708 G/A, was significantly associated with MS susceptibility in all three cohorts. The nt13708A allele was associated with an increased risk of MS (OR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.28–2.26, P = 0.0002). Subsequent sequencing of the mtDNA of 50 individuals revealed that the nt13708 itself, rather than SNPs linked to it, was responsible for the association. However, the association of nt13708 G/A with MS was not significant in MS cohorts which were not well case-control matched, indicating that the significance of association was affected by the population structure of controls. Conclusions Taken together, our finding identified the nt13708A variant as a susceptibility allele to MS, which could contribute to defining the role of the mitochondrial genome in MS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Yu
- Section of Immunogenetics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dirk Koczan
- Department of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anna-Maija Sulonen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Denis A. Akkad
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University, International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Bochum, Germany
| | - Antje Kroner
- Clinical Research Group for Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Wüzburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Comabella
- Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clinica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gianna Costa
- The Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Neurologiche, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniela Corongiu
- The Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Neurologiche, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Montserrat Camina-Tato
- Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clinica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Harald I. Nyland
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sverre J. Mørk
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Gade's Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xavier Montalban
- Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clinica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Rieckmann
- Clinical Research Group for Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Wüzburg, Germany
| | - Maria G. Marrosu
- The Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Neurologiche, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Kjell-Morten Myhr
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joerg T. Epplen
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University, International Graduate School of Neuroscience (IGSN), Bochum, Germany
| | - Janna Saarela
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saleh M. Ibrahim
- Section of Immunogenetics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- *E-mail:
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Houshmand M, Banoei MM, Tabarsi P, Panahi MSS, Hooshiar Kashani B, Ebrahimi G, Zargar L, Farnia P, Morris MW, Mansouri D, Velayati AA, Mirsaeidi MS. Do mitochondrial DNA haplogroups play a role in susceptibility to tuberculosis? Respirology 2008; 12:823-7. [PMID: 17986109 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2007.01163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mitochondrial DNA has a unique role in ATP production and subsequent mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in eukaryotic cells and there is a potential role for ROS and oxygen burst against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an intracellular pathogen. This study aimed to determine whether the frequency of different mitochondrial haplogroups was significantly different in patients with tuberculosis (TB) compared with a normal population. METHODS Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups M, N, J and K were studied by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing. Cases were 54 patients with confirmed smear positive pulmonary TB. Controls were 256 healthy persons. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between those with TB and the control group. CONCLUSIONS There was no statistically significant association between mtDNA haplogroups and the presence of TB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massoud Houshmand
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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33
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Kalman B, Laitinen K, Komoly S. The involvement of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2007; 188:1-12. [PMID: 17493689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system. Major pathological characteristics include the loss of oligodendrocytes, demyelination and neuroaxonal depletion in association with inflammation. The complex pathophysiology of tissue loss is only partially understood. Here we discuss a variety of mitochondrion-driven mechanisms involved in immune regulation, oligodendrocyte depletion and neurodegeneration. The recognition of a mitochondrial link between inflammation and neurodegeneration underscores the importance of an early aggressive intervention for halting inflammation and preventing neurodegeneration, and identifies the mitochondrion as a potential target in neuroprotection.
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34
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Mihailova SM, Ivanova MI, Quin LM, Naumova EJ. Mitochondrial DNA variants in Bulgarian patients affected by multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2007; 14:44-7. [PMID: 17222112 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01541.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in subjects clustering to a particular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup/haplotype or carrying mtDNA mutations associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) has suggested that mitochondrial genome may contribute to susceptibility to MS. In the present study, 58 unrelated Bulgarian patients with relapsing remitting form of MS and 104 randomly selected healthy individuals were analysed for the presence of 14 mtDNA polymorphisms determining major European haplogroups as well as three (4216, 14 798, 13 708) secondary LHON mutations. Restriction enzyme analysis used to screen patients and controls for the common haplogroup-associated polymorphisms showed that each of these changes was present in MS patients at a similar frequency to control subjects. However, 21 of the 58 patients (36.2%) were positive for T4 216C mutation, while only 11.3% of the controls carried this secondary LHON base change (P < 0.01; OR = 4.38). Our finding indicated that 4216C base substitution could be considered as a predisposing marker for MS and supported the hypothesis that particular mtDNA variants could contribute to genetic susceptibility of MS, and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Mihailova
- Central Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Kaminski M, Kiessling M, Süss D, Krammer PH, Gülow K. Novel role for mitochondria: protein kinase Ctheta-dependent oxidative signaling organelles in activation-induced T-cell death. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:3625-39. [PMID: 17339328 PMCID: PMC1900004 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.02295-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in regulation of activation-induced T-cell death (AICD) by induction of CD95L expression. However, the molecular source and the signaling steps necessary for ROS production are largely unknown. Here, we show that the proximal T-cell receptor-signaling machinery, including ZAP70 (zeta chain-associated protein kinase 70), LAT (linker of activated T cells), SLP76 (SH2 domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kDa), PLCgamma1 (phospholipase Cgamma1), and PKCtheta (protein kinase Ctheta), are crucial for ROS production. PKCtheta is translocated to the mitochondria. By using cells depleted of mitochondrial DNA, we identified the mitochondria as the source of activation-induced ROS. Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport complex I assembly by small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of the chaperone NDUFAF1 resulted in a block of ROS production. Complex I-derived ROS are converted into a hydrogen peroxide signal by the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase. This signal is essential for CD95L expression, as inhibition of complex I assembly by NDUFAF1-specific siRNA prevents AICD. Similar results were obtained when metformin, an antidiabetic drug and mild complex I inhibitor, was used. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time that PKCtheta-dependent ROS generation by mitochondrial complex I is essential for AICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kaminski
- Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Wiesbauer M, Meierhofer D, Mayr JA, Sperl W, Paulweber B, Kofler B. Multiplex primer extension analysis for rapid detection of major European mitochondrial haplogroups. Electrophoresis 2007; 27:3864-8. [PMID: 16960846 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of the human mitochondrial genome is reflected in the existence of ethnically distinct lineages or haplogroups. Alterations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been instrumental in studies of human phylogeny, in population genetics, and in molecular medicine to link pathological mutations to a variety of human diseases of complex etiology. For each of these applications, rapid and cost effective assays for mtDNA haplogrouping are invaluable. Here we describe a hierarchical system for mtDNA haplogrouping that combines multiplex PCR amplifications, multiplex single-base primer extensions, and CE for analyzing ten haplogroup-diagnostic mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms. Using this rapid and cost-effective mtDNA genotyping method, we were able to show that within a large, randomly selected cohort of healthy Austrians (n = 1172), mtDNAs could be assigned to all nine major European haplogroups. Forty-four percent belonged to haplogroup H, the most frequent haplogroup in European Caucasian populations. The other major haplogroups identified were U (15.4%), J (11.8%), T (8.2%) and K (5.1%). The frequencies of haplogroups in Austria is within the range observed for other European countries. Our method may be suitable for mitochondrial genotyping of samples from large-scale epidemiology studies and for identifying markers of genetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Wiesbauer
- Department of Paediatrics, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Han J, Thompson-Lowrey AJ, Reiss A, Mayorov V, Jia H, Biousse V, Newman NJ, Brown MD. OPA1 mutations and mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in autosomal dominant optic atrophy. Genet Med 2006; 8:217-25. [PMID: 16617242 DOI: 10.1097/01.gim.0000214299.61930.c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Autosomal dominant optic atrophy is a form of blindness, due in part to mutations affecting the mitochondrial-targeted OPA1 gene product. Both OPA1-positive and OPA1-negative families exhibit variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine if the background mtDNA genotype acts as a genetic modifier for the expression of this disease. METHODS To find novel pathogenic OPA1 mutations, we performed complete OPA1 gene exon sequencing in 30 patients. To assess the possibility that mitochondrial DNA haplotype acts as a genetic modifier, we determined the mitochondrial DNA haplotype in 29 Caucasian OPA1-positive and OPA1-negative patients. Deviations in haplotype distribution between patient and control groups were determined by statistical means. RESULTS Seven new pathogenic OPA1 mutations were found. Most were detected in the mitochondrial targeting N-terminus or in the coiled-coil domain at the C-terminus. Mitochondrial DNA haplotype analysis indicated that the European haplogroup distribution was different between Caucasian patients and controls. Further, haplogroup J was three-fold over-represented in OPA1-negative patients. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results support haploinsufficiency as a genetic mechanism in OPA1-positive cases and also suggest that mtDNA genetic background may influence disease expression in a subset of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Han
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA
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Fraumene C, Belle EMS, Castrì L, Sanna S, Mancosu G, Cosso M, Marras F, Barbujani G, Pirastu M, Angius A. High resolution analysis and phylogenetic network construction using complete mtDNA sequences in sardinian genetic isolates. Mol Biol Evol 2006; 23:2101-11. [PMID: 16901986 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msl084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For mitochondrial phylogenetic analysis, the best result comes from complete sequences. We therefore decided to sequence the entire mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (coding and D-loop regions) of 63 individuals selected in 3 small Ogliastra villages, an isolated area of eastern Sardinia: Talana, Urzulei, and Perdasdefogu. We studied at least one individual for each of the most frequent maternal genealogical lineages belonging to haplogroups H, V, J, K, T, U, and X. We found in our 63 samples, 172 and 69 sequence changes in the coding and in the D-loop region, respectively. Thirteen out of 172 sequence changes in the coding region are novel. It is our hypothesis that some of them are characteristic of the Ogliastra region and/or Sardinia. We reconstructed the phylogenetic network of the 63 complete mtDNA sequences for the 3 villages. We also drew a network including a large number of European sequences and calculated various indices of genetic diversity in Ogliastra. It appears that these small populations remained extremely isolated and genetically differentiated compared with other European populations. We also identified in our samples a never previously described subhaplogroup, U5b3, which seems peculiar to the Ogliastra region.
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Manwaring N, Jones MM, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, Mitchell P, Sue CM. Prevalence of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups in an Australian population. Intern Med J 2006; 36:530-3. [PMID: 16866660 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2006.01118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups are 'neutral polymorphisms' in the mtDNA genome, which have accumulated and persisted along maternal lineages as the human population has migrated worldwide. Three ethnically distinct lineages of human mtDNA populations have been identified: European, characterized by nine haplogroups H, I, J, K, T, U, V, W and X; African, characterized by superhaplogroup L and Asian, characterized by superhaplogroup M. We studied the prevalence of mtDNA haplogroups in participants of the Blue Mountains Eye Study, a large population-based survey of vision conducted between 1991 and 2000 of non-institutionalized permanent residents aged 49 years or older from two suburban postcode areas, west of Sydney, Australia. Total DNA isolated from either hair follicles or blood was available for 3377 of the 3509 participants (96.2%) to determine mtDNA haplogroups by polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Approximately 94.2% of samples could be assigned to one of the nine major European haplogroups, whereas a further 1.2% included the African (L) and Asian (M) superhaplogroups. The five principal haplogroups represented were H (42.9%), U (14.1%), J (10.7%), T (9.2%) and K (8.1%), which together included 85% of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Manwaring
- Kolling Institute, Department of Neurogenetics, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Schmidt S, Pericak-Vance MA, Sawcer S, Barcellos LF, Hart J, Sims J, Prokop AM, van der Walt J, DeLoa C, Lincoln RR, Oksenberg JR, Compston A, Hauser SL, Haines JL, Gregory SG. Allelic association of sequence variants in the herpes virus entry mediator-B gene (PVRL2) with the severity of multiple sclerosis. Genes Immun 2006; 7:384-92. [PMID: 16738668 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Discrepant findings have been reported regarding an association of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene with the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS). To resolve these discrepancies, we examined common sequence variation in six candidate genes residing in a 380-kb genomic region surrounding and including the APOE locus for an association with MS severity. We genotyped at least three polymorphisms in each of six candidate genes in 1,540 Caucasian MS families (729 single-case and multiple-case families from the United States, 811 single-case families from the UK). By applying the quantitative transmission/disequilibrium test to a recently proposed MS severity score, the only statistically significant (P=0.003) association with MS severity was found for an intronic variant in the Herpes Virus Entry Mediator-B Gene PVRL2. Additional genotyping extended the association to a 16.6 kb block spanning intron 1 to intron 2 of the gene. Sequencing of PVRL2 failed to identify variants with an obvious functional role. In conclusion, the analysis of a very large data set suggests that genetic polymorphisms in PVRL2 may influence MS severity and supports the possibility that viral factors may contribute to the clinical course of MS, consistent with previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schmidt
- Center for Human Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Abstract
This review presents inherited and acquired forms of mitochondrial dysfunction associated with oligodendrocytopathy and neurodegeneration in order to better understand the degenerative features of inflammatory demyelination. The recognition that various mitochondrial mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis leads to therapeutic considerations, re-emphasizing the importance of early neuroprotection in combination with the approved means of immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Kalman
- Department of Neurology, Saint Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University, 432 West 58th Street, Room 226, New York, NY 10019, USA.
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Booker LM, Habermacher GM, Jessie BC, Sun QC, Baumann AK, Amin M, Lim SD, Fernandez-Golarz C, Lyles RH, Brown MD, Marshall FF, Petros JA. North American white mitochondrial haplogroups in prostate and renal cancer. J Urol 2006; 175:468-72; discussion 472-3. [PMID: 16406974 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)00163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2005] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While the mitochondrion is known to be a key mediator of apoptosis, there has been little inquiry into the inheritance pattern of mitochondria in patients with cancer. We compared the mtDNA haplotype in patients with prostate and renal cancer to that in controls to determine if there is an association between mitochondrial genotype and cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Haplotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction/digest identification of key polymorphic sites in the mitochondrial genome. A total of 121 and 221 white men with renal and prostate cancer, respectively, were identified following pathological confirmation of cancer, while 246 white controls were selected randomly from a bank of cadaveric organ donor DNA. Statistical analysis was performed and ORs were calculated. RESULTS Mitochondrial haplogroup U was a highly significant risk factor for prostate and renal cancer vs controls (16.74% and 20.66% vs 9.35%, Fisher's exact test p = 0.019 and 0.005, respectively). The association remained statistically significant in renal cancer even after Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons. Haplogroup U carried an OR of 1.95 for prostate cancer and an OR of 2.52 for renal cancer. CONCLUSIONS The inheritance of mitochondrial haplogroup U is associated with an approximately 2-fold increased risk of prostate cancer and 2.5-fold increased risk of renal cancer in white North American individuals. Therefore, individuals with this mitochondrial haplotype are in a high risk group. Because mitochondrial haplogroup U is found in 9.35% of the white United States population, there are more than 20 million individuals in this high risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyra M Booker
- Department of Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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van der Walt JM, Scott WK, Slifer S, Gaskell PC, Martin ER, Welsh-Bohmer K, Creason M, Crunk A, Fuzzell D, McFarland L, Kroner CC, Jackson CE, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA. Maternal lineages and Alzheimer disease risk in the Old Order Amish. Hum Genet 2005; 118:115-22. [PMID: 16078048 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-005-0032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2005] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Old Order Amish, founded by a small number of Swiss immigrants, exist in culturally isolated communities across rural North America. The consequences of genetic isolation and inbreeding within this group are evident by increased frequencies of many monogenic diseases and several complex disorders. Conversely, the prevalence of Alzheimer disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is lower in the Amish than in the general American population. Since mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed as an underlying cause of AD and a specific haplogroup was found to affect AD susceptibility in Caucasians, we investigated whether inherited mitochondrial haplogroups affect risk of developing AD dementia in Ohio and Indiana Amish communities. Ninety-five independent matrilines were observed across six large pedigrees and three small pedigrees then classified into seven major European haplogroups. Haplogroup T is the most frequent haplogroup represented overall in these maternal lines (35.4%) while observed in only 10.6% in outbred American and European populations. Furthermore, haplogroups J and K are less frequent (1.0%) than in the outbred data set (9.4-11.2%). Affected case matrilines and unaffected control lines were chosen from pedigrees to test whether specific haplogroups and their defining SNPs confer risk of AD. We did not observe frequency differences between AD cases compared to controls overall or when stratified by sex. Therefore, we suggest that the genetic effect responsible for AD dementia in the affected Amish pedigrees is unlikely to be of mitochondrial origin and may be caused by nuclear genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle M van der Walt
- Department of Medicine and Center for Human Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Jacobs HT, Hutchin TP, Käppi T, Gillies G, Minkkinen K, Walker J, Thompson K, Rovio AT, Carella M, Melchionda S, Zelante L, Gasparini P, Pyykkö I, Shah ZH, Zeviani M, Mueller RF. Mitochondrial DNA mutations in patients with postlingual, nonsyndromic hearing impairment. Eur J Hum Genet 2005; 13:26-33. [PMID: 15292920 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial mutations have previously been reported anecdotally in families with maternally inherited, nonsyndromic hearing impairment. To ascertain the contribution of mitochondrial mutations to postlingual but early-onset, nonsyndromic hearing impairment, we screened patients collected from within two different populations (southern Italy and UK) for previously reported mtDNA mutations associated with hearing disorders. Primer extension (SNP analysis) was used to screen for specific mutations, revealing cases of heteroplasmy and its extent. The most frequently implicated tRNA genes, Leu(UUR) and Ser(UCN), were also sequenced in all Italian patients. All tRNA genes were sequenced in those UK patients showing the clearest likelihood of maternal inheritance. Causative mtDNA mutations were found in approximately 5% of patients in both populations, representing almost 10% of cases that were clearly familial. Age of onset, where known, was generally before adulthood, and hearing loss was typically progressive. Haplogroup analysis revealed a possible excess of haplogroup cluster HV in the patients, compared with population controls, but of borderline statistical significance. In contrast, we did not find any of the previously reported mtDNA mutations, nor a significant deviation from haplogroup cluster frequencies typical of the control population, in patients with late adult-onset hearing loss (age-related hearing impairment) from the UK or Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard T Jacobs
- Institute of Medical Technology & Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
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Vyshkina T, Banisor I, Shugart YY, Leist TP, Kalman B. Genetic variants of Complex I in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2005; 228:55-64. [PMID: 15607211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2004.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2004] [Revised: 09/15/2004] [Accepted: 09/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS A mitochondrial mechanism contributes to neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). Genetic variants of Complex I genes may influence the nature of tissue response to inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). BACKGROUND Complex I is encoded by seven mitochondrial and 38 nuclear genes. Many of the nuclear genes colocalize with regions where full genome scans detected linkage in MS. Previous studies revealed an association between variants of mitochondrial (mt)DNA encoded subunits of Complex I and MS. Biochemical studies suggested a functional involvement of Complex I in the degenerative processes downstream to inflammatory injury in the CNS. METHODS Patients with all MS phenotypes were included. DNA specimens of affected sib pair, trio and multiplex families were studied. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were determined by using the Taqman assay. The association of MS with nuclear DNA encoded alleles and haplotypes of Complex I was tested by the pedigree disequilibrium test (PDT) and by the transmit program in the families. Haplotypes were further investigated by using ldmax (GOLD). The association of mtDNA encoded variants with MS was tested by the Fisher's Exact Test. RESULTS The previously identified MS-associated mtDNA variants and haplotypes were not increased in mothers as compared to fathers in these families. However, an association of all clinical phenotypes with haplotypes within NDUFS5 (1p34.2-p33), NDUFS7 (19p13) and NDUFA7 (19p13) was detected. The inclusion of families with primary progressive (PP)-MS phenotype did not modify the outcome and, as a subgroup alone, did not have a sufficient size to draw conclusion regarding phenotype specific associations. CONCLUSIONS SNP haplotypes within Complex I genes are associated with MS. Further studies are needed to refine the identification of disease relevant variants nearby or within these haplotypes. Molecular and functional properties of Complex I subunits may offer novel explanations to better understand the relationship between inflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Vyshkina
- Department of Neurology, SLRHC, Columbia University, 432W 58th Street, New York, NY 10019, USA
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DiMauro S, Hirano M. Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies: an update. Neuromuscul Disord 2005; 15:276-86. [PMID: 15792866 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2004.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2004] [Revised: 12/10/2004] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A genetic classification of the mitochondrial encephalomyopathies includes disorders due to defects of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and disorders due to defects of nuclear DNA (nDNA). Recent progress in mtDNA-related diseases includes: (i) new pathogenic mutations in protein-coding genes, especially those encoding subunits of complex I (ND genes); (ii) the pathogenic nature of homoplasmic mutations, whose expression is regulated by environmental and genetic factors; (iii) increasing interest in the functional and pathophysiological role of haplotypes. Advances in mendelian mitochondrial diseases include: (i) new mutations in genes for complex I subunits; (ii) identification of new mutant ancillary proteins associated with complex IV and complex V deficiencies; (iii) better molecular understanding of disorders due to faulty intergenomic communication, which are associated with multiple mtDNA deletions, mtDNA depletion, or defects of mtDNA translation; (iv) the pathogenic role of alterations of the inner mitochondrial membrane phospholipid components, especially cardiolipin; (v) the emerging importance of defects in mitochondrial motility, fission, or fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore DiMauro
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Room 4-420, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND An objective demonstration of lesions disseminated in time and space remains the core of the last revision of diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS), but this update is now empowered by a weighted use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which results in an earlier and more unambiguous diagnosis ("MS," "not MS," or "possible MS"). Nevertheless, the exclusion of other entities still remains an integral element of the diagnostic process. REVIEW SUMMARY Exclusion of genetic disorders can be challenging in some cases with familial recurrence of MS, particularly when the transmission is mimicking a mendelian or a maternal pattern of inheritance. Vice versa, many forms of mendelian leukodystrophies and leukoencephalopathies present with juvenile or adult onset, progressive or relapsing-remitting courses, intrafamilial phenotypic heterogeneity and MRI signs of multifocal white matter (WM) pathology, features potentially leading to a temporary confusion with MS. With the recent availability of disease modifying medications in MS, the development of specific molecular therapies in inherited WM disorders, and the general recognition of the effectiveness of early treatments, the accuracy of initial diagnostic assessment has become critical. CONCLUSION Considering the importance of disease specific treatments, here we review the major characteristics of familial MS and some of the inheritable diseases of the WM. Although no direct genetic link between MS and these WM abnormalities is known, molecular data from the field of rare genetic disorders may also provide some experimental paradigms to a further exploration of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Kalman
- Department of Neurology, MS Research Center, SLRHC, Columbia University, New York, NY 10019, USA.
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Dimauro S. Mitochondrial medicine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2004; 1659:107-14. [PMID: 15576041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2004.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2004] [Revised: 08/02/2004] [Accepted: 08/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
After reviewing the history of mitochondrial diseases, I follow a genetic classification to discuss new developments and old conundrums. In the field of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, I argue that we are not yet scraping the bottom of the barrel because: (i) new mtDNA mutations are still being discovered, especially in protein-coding genes; (ii) the pathogenicity of homoplasmic mutations is being revisited; (iii) some genetic dogmas are chipped but not broken; (iv) mtDNA haplotypes are gaining interest in human pathology; (v) pathogenesis is still largely enigmatic. In the field of nuclear DNA (nDNA) mutations, there has been good progress in our understanding of disorders due to faulty intergenomic communication. Of the genes responsible for multiple deletions and depletion of mtDNA, mutations in POLG have been associated with a great variety of clinical phenotypes in humans and to precocious aging in mice. Novel pathogenetic mechanisms include alterations in the lipid milieu of the inner mitochondrial membrane and mutations in genes controlling mitochondrial motility, fission, and fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Dimauro
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, 4-420 College of Physicians & Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Kalman B, Mandler RN. Studies of mitochondrial DNA in Devic's disease revealed no pathogenic mutations, but polymorphisms also found in association with multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2002; 51:661-2. [PMID: 12112121 DOI: 10.1002/ana.10166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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