1
|
Iorio C, Barlattani T, Pacitti F, Iorio P, Pompili A. The role of affective temperaments as a factor of vulnerability to seasonal affective disorder. J Affect Disord 2024; 364:96-103. [PMID: 39142572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests the relevance of affective temperaments in the development of mood disorders. This study aims to assess their potential role as a vulnerability factor for seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and subsyndromal SAD (S-SAD) in a sample of young individuals without a history of clinical diagnosis. METHODS Eight hundred and forty-six university students were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Participants were evaluated for exclusion and inclusion criteria and divided into Control, S-SAD, and SAD groups. They filled out two self-administered questionnaires to assess the degree of seasonality problems and the predominant type of affective temperaments, the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ), and the Temperament Evaluation Instrument of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-Auto-questionnaire version scale (briefTEMPS-M version). We conducted a multinomial logistic regression model to explore the relationship between affective temperaments and seasonality. RESULTS Our results evidenced that cyclothymic [χ2 (2) = 33.486, p < 0.001] and anxious [χ2 (2) = 86.991, p < 0.001] temperaments were significant predictors in the model, suggesting that individuals with cyclothymic and anxious temperaments are at increased risk of developing SAD, due to heightened seasonal changes in mood and behavior. In contrast, people with hyperthymic temperament appear less susceptible to experiencing seasonal problems. LIMITATIONS The homogeneity of the sample; only retrospective self-reported data were considered; measures of temperament and seasonality were simultaneously assessed. CONCLUSIONS Understanding which affective temperaments may constitute a potential predisposing factor for vulnerability to seasonal changes can aid in better assessing SAD and predicting its outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Iorio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Tommaso Barlattani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Pacitti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paola Iorio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Assunta Pompili
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sipos B, Vecsey-Nagy M, Vattay B, Boussoussou M, Jokkel Z, Borzsák S, Jermendy Á, Panajotu A, Gonda X, Rihmer Z, Merkely B, Szilveszter B, Nemcsik J. Association between affective temperaments and the severity and the extent of coronary artery disease as obtained by coronary CT angiography. J Affect Disord 2024; 363:47-54. [PMID: 39029693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective temperaments are documented predictors of psychopathology, but cumulating data suggest their relationship with coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to evaluate their role in relation to surrogate semiquantitative markers of coronary plaque burden, as assessed by coronary CT angiography (CCTA). METHODS We included 351 patients who were referred for CCTA due to suspected CAD. All patients completed the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A). The severity and extent of CAD was evaluated by CCTA, applying semiquantitative plaque burden scores, notably Segment Involvement Score (SIS) and Segment Stenosis Score (SSS). Logistic regression analyses were performed to define the predictors of CAD severity and extent. RESULTS Regarding the scores evaluated by TEMPS-A that consists of 110 questions, in men, significant inverse association was found between hyperthymic temperament score and SSS (β = -0.143, (95%CI: -0.091 to -0.004), p = 0.034). Compared to the TEMPS-A form, applying the abbreviated version - containing 40 questions - significant relationship between affective temperaments and SSS or SIS was found in case of both sexes. Concerning men, hyperthymic temperament was demonstrated to be independent predictor of both SSS (β = -0.193, (95%CI: -0.224 to -0.048), p = 0.004) and SIS (β = -0.194, (95%CI: -0.202 to -0.038), p = 0.004). Additionally, we proved, that significant positive association between irritable temperament and SSS (β = 0.152, (95%CI: 0.002 to 0.269), p = 0.047) and SIS (β = 0.155, (95%CI: 0.004 to 0.221), p = 0.042) exists among women. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional analysis of a single center study with self-reported questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS Assessment of affective temperaments could offer added value in stratifying cardiovascular risk for patients beyond traditional risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sipos
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Városmajor Street 68, Hungary
| | - Milán Vecsey-Nagy
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Városmajor Street 68, Hungary
| | - Borbála Vattay
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Városmajor Street 68, Hungary
| | - Melinda Boussoussou
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Városmajor Street 68, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Jokkel
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Városmajor Street 68, Hungary
| | - Sarolta Borzsák
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Városmajor Street 68, Hungary
| | - Ádám Jermendy
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Városmajor Street 68, Hungary
| | - Alexisz Panajotu
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Városmajor Street 68, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Balassa Street 6, Hungary; MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Rihmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Balassa Street 6, Hungary; Nyírő Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, 1135 Budapest, Lehel Street 59, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Városmajor Street 68, Hungary
| | - Bálint Szilveszter
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Városmajor Street 68, Hungary.
| | - János Nemcsik
- Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Stáhly Street 7-9, Hungary; Health Service of Zugló (ZESZ), 1148 Budapest, Örs vezér Square 23, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Favaretto E, Bedani F, Brancati GE, De Berardis D, Giovannini S, Scarcella L, Martiadis V, Martini A, Pampaloni I, Perugi G, Pessina E, Raffone F, Ressico F, Cattaneo CI. Synthesising 30 years of clinical experience and scientific insight on affective temperaments in psychiatric disorders: State of the art. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:406-415. [PMID: 38972642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The concept of affective temperament has been extensively discussed throughout the history of psychopathology and represents a cornerstone in the study of mood disorders. This review aims to trace the evolution of the concept of affective temperaments (ATs) from Kraepelin's seminal work to the present day. In the 1980s, Akiskal redefined Kraepelin's concept of affective temperaments (ATs) by integrating the five recognized ATs into the broader framework of the soft bipolar spectrum. This conceptualization viewed ATs as non-pathological predispositions underlying psychiatric disorders, particularly mood disorders. Epidemiological and clinical studies have validated the existence of the five ATs. Furthermore, evidence suggests that ATs may serve as precursors to various psychiatric disorders and influence clinical dimensions such as disease course, psychopathology, and treatment adherence. Additionally, ATs appear to play a significant role in moderating phenomena such as suicide risk and stress coping. Incorporating an evaluation of temperamental bases of disorders into the multidimensional psychiatric diagnostic process could enhance treatment optimization and prognosis estimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Favaretto
- Department of Addiction, South Tyrol Health Care, Bressanone, Italy.
| | - F Bedani
- Mercy University Hospital, Cork, IRELAND
| | | | - D De Berardis
- Department of Psychiatry, Azienda Sanitaria Locale 4, Teramo, ITALY.
| | - S Giovannini
- Department of Addiction, South Tyrol Health Care, Bressanone, Italy
| | - L Scarcella
- Department of Psychiatry, South Tyrol Health Care, Bressanone, Italy.
| | - V Martiadis
- Department of Mental Health, Asl Napoli 1 Centro, Naples, Italy
| | - A Martini
- Department of Mental Health, ASL CN2 Alba - Bra, Italy
| | - I Pampaloni
- National OCD and BDD Unit, South West London and St Georges NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| | - G Perugi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - E Pessina
- Department of Mental Health, ASL CN2 Alba - Bra, Italy
| | - F Raffone
- Department of Mental Health, Asl Napoli 1 Centro, Naples, Italy
| | - F Ressico
- Outpatient Unit Department of Mental Health Novara, Borgomanero, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mazza M, Brisi C, Veneziani G, Lisci FM, Sessa I, Balocchi M, Rossi S, Di Stasio E, Marano G, Abate F, Anesini MB, Boggio G, Ciliberto M, De Masi V, Falsini C, Marzo EM, Avallone C, Serio A, Gonsalez Del Castillo A, Kotzalidis GD, Chieffo DPR, Lanzone A, Scambia G, Lai C, Sani G. A Network Analysis of Perinatal Depression, Anxiety, and Temperaments in Women in the First, Second, and Third Trimesters of Pregnancy. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3957. [PMID: 38999520 PMCID: PMC11242710 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Although depression and anxiety are found to be affected by temperaments, little research has studied these relationships in pregnancy. The present study explored the associations among perinatal depression (PD), anxiety dimensions (state, trait, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)), and temperaments between women in the three trimesters of pregnancy through a network analysis approach. Moreover, differences in the severity of PD and anxiety between women in the three trimesters were evaluated. Methods: Women in first (N = 31), second (N = 184), and third (N = 54) trimesters of pregnancy were recruited in the present cross-sectional study. The network analysis included PD, anxiety dimensions, and temperaments. Three network models were estimated, and ANOVAs evaluated the differences in the severity of PD and anxiety, including trimesters as a between-subject factor. Results: PD and GAD were the nodes most strongly connected across the three groups. Cyclothymic, depressive, and anxious temperaments were most frequently associated with PD and GAD. Hyperthymic temperament was in the periphery of the three networks. Lastly, women in the first trimester had the highest severity of PD and GAD. Conclusions: PD and GAD showed the strongest associations. Anxiety dimensions had positive associations with PD and GAD, suggesting their role as possible risk factors. Temperaments were differently associated within the network between the three groups. Clinical interventions during pregnancy should target the central variables, considering their direct and indirect relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Mazza
- Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Brisi
- Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Veneziani
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Degli Apuli 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Lisci
- Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Sessa
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Balocchi
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Rossi
- Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Di Stasio
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensive Care and Perioperative Clinics Research, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marano
- Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Abate
- Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Benedetta Anesini
- Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Boggio
- Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Ciliberto
- Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria De Masi
- Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Falsini
- Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ester Maria Marzo
- Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Avallone
- Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Serio
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Georgios Demetrios Kotzalidis
- Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Lanzone
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Lai
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Degli Apuli 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Unit of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang Z, Han S, Zhang L, Sun M, Hu Q, Hu Y, Wu B. Dose‒Response Effects of Patient Engagement on Anxiety and Depression in a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention: Secondary Analysis of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial and a Clinical Controlled Trial. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:1923-1935. [PMID: 38570384 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the dose‒response relationship between patient engagement in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and health outcomes is critical for developing and implementing effective CBT programs. In studies of CBT interventions, patient engagement is measured only at a single time point, and outcomes are typically assessed before and after the intervention. Examination of the dose‒response relationship between patient engagement in CBT and outcomes is limited. It is unclear whether a dose‒response relationship exists between patient engagement in on-site CBT intervention and anxiety and depression in people living with HIV (PLWH). If present, does this dose‒response relationship occur early or later in the intervention? This study aimed to address this gap by examining the dose‒response relationships between patient engagement and anxiety and depression in CBT interventions among PLWH. Utilizing data from a pilot randomized trial (10 participants) and a clinical controlled trial (70 participants), our secondary analysis spans baseline, 3-month, and 6-month assessments. Both trials implemented the nurse-led CBT intervention. Cluster analysis identified two groups based on on-site attendance and WeChat activity. Patients with good adherence (6-10 times) of on-site attendance exhibited significantly lower anxiety and depression scores at 3 months (β = 1.220, P = 0.047; β = 1.270, P = 0.019), with no significant differences observed at 6 months. WeChat activity did not significantly influence anxiety or depression scores. The findings highlight a significant short-term dose‒response relationship, endorsing nurse-led CBT interventions for mental health in PLWH. Organizational strategies should focus on incentivizing and facilitating patient engagement, particularly through enhancing WeChat features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfang Yang
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, 305 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Fudan University Centre for Evidence-Based Nursing: A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyu Han
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiyan Sun
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, 305 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Hu
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Hu
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, 305 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Fudan University Centre for Evidence-Based Nursing: A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bei Wu
- NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, 433 First Avenue, 5Th Floor, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Awad E, Malaeb D, Fekih-Romdhane F, Hallit S, Obeid S. The moderating effect of psychological distress in the association between temperaments and dark future among young adults. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:18. [PMID: 38172789 PMCID: PMC10763049 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study is to evaluate the moderating effect of psychological distress variables, depression, anxiety and stress on the relationship between affective temperaments and future anxiety, assessed with the Dark Future scale. METHODS Lebanese adults from all districts/governorates of Lebanon participated in this cross-sectional study. The data was collected through a questionnaire including: a section about sociodemographic characteristics, the Dark Future scale (DFS), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-8) and the Affective Temperament Scale (TEMPS-M). RESULTS The interaction irritable temperament by psychological distress (p = .007) was significantly associated with dark future; at low levels of psychological distress, more irritable temperament (Beta = 0.16) was significantly associated with more dark future. The interaction anxious temperament by psychological distress (p = .010) was significantly associated with dark future; at low (Beta = 0.34), moderate (Beta = 0.25) and high (Beta = 0.15) levels of psychological distress, more anxious temperament was significantly associated with more dark future. CONCLUSION The nature of the associations among depression, anxiety and stress, specific temperaments and anxiety towards the future in a sample of Lebanese individuals was clarified. This is especially significant as Lebanese people live in circumstances that promote psychological distress and future anxiety such as dramatic economic and political crises, instability and lack of security in different aspects of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Awad
- School of Arts and Sciences, Social and Education Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi hospital, Manouba, 2010, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Sahar Obeid
- School of Arts and Sciences, Social and Education Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kılıç N, Kaya Ş, Taşçı G, Özsoy F, Kılıç M. Evaluation of Psychiatric Symptomatology, Quality of Life, and Caregiver Burden in Mothers and Children with Primary Immunodeficiency. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2023; 51:45-53. [PMID: 37937495 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v51i6.927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of life, depression, and anxiety scores of children with primary immunodeficiency (PID) and depression, anxiety scores, and the caregiving burden of their mothers. METHODS A total of 149 children aged 2-18 years and their mothers were included in the present study, along with 125 healthy children and their mothers as a control group. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), Child Depression Inventory (CDI), and Screening for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) questionnaire were used based on the views of children and their mothers. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A), and Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCB) were used for the mothers. RESULTS According to children and their mothers, the scores of the PedsQL were lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, according to the views of children and mothers, we found that PID children had higher depression and anxiety scores than healthy children (P < 0.05). The depression and anxiety levels of mothers in the patient group were also significantly higher than those in the control group (P = 0.05 and P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Statistically, we found significantly lower psychosocial health summary scores and total scale score levels from the subclass of PedsQL in the patient group than in the control group. According to the views of both children and mothers, we observed that PID children had higher depression and anxiety scores than healthy children. It was also found that the BDI and BAI values in case of mothers in the patient group were significantly higher than those in the control group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nülüfer Kılıç
- Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey;
| | - Şuheda Kaya
- Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Gülay Taşçı
- Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Filiz Özsoy
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kılıç
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazığ, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kılıç N, Kaya Ş, Taşçı G, Özsoy F, Kılıç M. Quality of life in children with food allergies, psychiatric symptoms, and caregiving burden of their mothers. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2023; 51:48-56. [PMID: 37695230 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v51i5.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of life in children with food allergies, the accompanying depression and anxiety disorders, and caregiving burden of their mothers. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 168 children with food allergy visiting our clinic and their mothers were included in the study group. The control group included 152 children who visited the healthy child follow-up clinic of our hospital and their mothers. Studying mothers' opinions, the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire Parent Form (FAQLQ-PF) was used for evaluating children, and the Beck's Depression Inventory, Beck's Anxiety Inventory, Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, San Diego Auto-questionnaire, and Zarit Caregiver Burden Scales were used for evaluating mothers. RESULTS No differences were noticed between the study and control group regarding mean age and gender distribution (P > 0.05). In the study, the FAQLQ-PF total and subscale scores of children with food allergies were determined according to the opinions of their mothers, and scores tended to increase with age (P < 0.0001). In addition, it was determined that mothers of children with food allergies had higher levels of anxiety, depression, and caregiving burden than mothers of the control group (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION In order to develop a multidisciplinary approach for children with food allergies, we conceived as appropriate to inform their families about the difficulties of caregiving and psychosocial disorders that could develop over time. They also must be informed to take preventive measures as well as the medical aspects of their children's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nülüfer Kılıç
- Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey;
| | - Şuheda Kaya
- Elazığ Mental Health and Diseases Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Gülay Taşçı
- Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Filiz Özsoy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat/Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kılıç
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazığ, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kilic N, Kilic M. Investigation of Quality of Life of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis and Quality of Life, Psychiatric Symptomatology, and Caregiver Burden of Their Mothers. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1487. [PMID: 37761448 PMCID: PMC10529409 DOI: 10.3390/children10091487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the quality of life of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), and that of their mothers. We compared the anxiety and depression scores and caregiving burden of mothers of patients with AD with the same scores of mothers of healthy children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 153 patients between the ages of 2 months and 16 years with AD in our clinic, and their mothers, were contained in the patient group. An additional 141 healthy cases between the ages of 2 months and 16 years, and their mothers, were included as the control group. The Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) was completed according to the children's opinions, and the Infant's Dermatitis Quality of Life Index (IDLQI), Family Dermatology Life Quality Index (FDLQI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire, and Zarit Caregiver Burden (ZCB) scale were completed based on the mothers' opinions. RESULTS We detected a positive relationship between the SCORAD index and the IDLQI, CDLQI, and FDLQI scores of children with AD. We found that anxiety, depression, and caregiving burden in mothers of AD cases increased when mothers of AD cases were compared with mothers of healthy children (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.002, respectively). Also, based on the mothers' responses, we noted a positive correlation among the BDI, BAI, ZCB, and SCORAD index scores. CONCLUSIONS Our study found that the quality of life of patients with AD, and that of their mothers, was negatively affected by the disease. We also found that anxiety, depression levels (not at the clinical diagnosis level, and the caregiving burden in mothers of AD cases increased when mothers of AD cases were compared with mothers of healthy children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nülüfer Kilic
- Department of Psychiatry, Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elazig 23280, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kilic
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig 23119, Turkey;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Simonetti A, Luciano M, Sampogna G, Rocca BD, Mancuso E, De Fazio P, Di Nicola M, Di Lorenzo G, Pepe M, Sambataro F, Signorelli MS, Koukopoulos AE, Chiaie RD, Fiorillo A, Sani G. Effect of affective temperament on illness characteristics of subjects with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2023; 334:227-237. [PMID: 37156280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective temperaments represent the stable, biologically determined substrates of mood disorders. The relationship between affective temperaments and bipolar disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD) has been described. However, the strength of such relationship should be tested while considering other factors influencing the diagnosis of BD/MDD. Literature also lacks a comprehensive description of the interplay between affective temperament and characteristics of mood disorders. The aim of the present study is to address these issues. METHODS This is a multicentric observational study including 7 Italian university sites. Five-hundred-fifty-five euthymic subjects with BD/MDD were enrolled and further divided in those with hyperthymic (Hyper, N = 143), cyclothymic (Cyclo, N = 133), irritable (Irr, N = 49), dysthymic (Dysth, N = 155), and anxious (Anx N = 76) temperaments. Linear, binary, ordinal and logistic regressions were performed to assess the association between affective temperaments and i) diagnosis of BD/MDD; ii) characteristics of illness severity and course. RESULTS Hyper, Cyclo and Irr were more likely to be associated with BD, together with earlier age of onset and presence of a first-degree relative with BD. Anx and Dysth were more associated with MDD. Differences in association between affective temperaments and characteristics of BD/MDD were observed for hospital admissions, phase-related psychotic symptoms, length and type of depression, comorbidity and pharmacological intake. LIMITATIONS Small sample size, cross-sectional design, recall biases. CONCLUSION Specific affective temperaments were associated to certain characteristics of illness severity and course of BD or MDD. Evaluation of affective temperaments might help a deeper understanding of mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Simonetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Bianca Della Rocca
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Emiliana Mancuso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Fazio
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Di Nicola
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Di Lorenzo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pepe
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Salvina Signorelli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Oniszczenko W. The association between affective temperaments and insomnia as mediated by satisfaction with life: a cross-sectional study. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 12:170-177. [PMID: 39184905 PMCID: PMC11339849 DOI: 10.5114/cipp/159454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary objectives of this study were to examine whether affective temperaments are associated with satisfaction with life; to determine whether satisfaction with life can mediate the relationship between affective temperaments and insomnia; and to reaffirm the relationship between affective temperaments and insomnia. We hypothesized that affective temperaments were associated directly and indirectly via satisfaction with life with insomnia. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE A total of 497 participants aged 18 to 67 years, including 435 women and 62 men, were recruited from the general population via an online recruitment platform. We used the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire to evaluate affective temperaments and the Satisfaction with Life Scale to assess satisfaction with life. The Athens Insomnia Scale was used to assess participants' level of insomnia symptoms. RESULTS Depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperaments correlated positively with insomnia symptoms, but hyperthymic temperament correlated negatively with insomnia symptoms. Satisfaction with life correlated negatively with insomnia symptoms. Hyperthymic temperament correlated positively with satisfaction with life, but depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperaments correlated negatively with satisfaction with life. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that 30% of the variance in insomnia symptoms was attributable to satisfaction with life level and the presence of cyclothymic and anxious temperaments. The mediation analysis suggested a significant indirect effect of cyclothymic and anxious temperaments on insomnia through satisfaction with life as a mediator between affective temperaments and insomnia. CONCLUSIONS Cyclothymic and anxious temperaments can influence the symptoms of insomnia directly and indirectly as mediated by satisfaction with life.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lombardo C, Mento C, De Stefano R, Infortuna C, Iannuzzo F, Materia N, Muscatello MRA, Bruno A. Job satisfaction in the health professions: The role of affective temperaments. Work 2023:WOR220164. [PMID: 36683480 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Job satisfaction, as a multidimensional psychological response to work experience, includes both cognitive and affective components which influence individuals' appraisals and state of minds. In recent years, researchers have begun to explore the psychological processes that might underlie the dispositional causes of job satisfaction. Affective temperaments can influence the experience of emotionally significant events at work and this, in turn, may influence job satisfactionOBJECTIVE:To investigate possible associations between affective temperamental features and job satisfaction in the health professions. METHODS The sample consisted of 294 subjects selected among health professionals. Data were collected by an online survey including the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) questionnaire and the short form of the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego (TEMPS-A) questionnaire. RESULTS Hyperthymic, depressive, irritable and anxious temperaments predicted the risk of experiencing job dissatisfaction in healthcare professionals. No associations between Cyclothymic temperament and job satisfaction were found. CONCLUSION The identification of affective temperamental assets and liabilities is potentially useful in the development of supportive and psycho-educational strategies, aimed at preventing work-related stress and promoting mental health in workplaces, also reducing the risk of job dissatisfaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Lombardo
- Psychiatry Unit, Polyclinic Hospital University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Mento
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosa De Stefano
- Psychiatry Unit, Polyclinic Hospital University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Fiammetta Iannuzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Materia
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria R A Muscatello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Bruno
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Choi S, Yu H, Yoon J, Jang Y, Lee D, Park YS, Ihm HK, Ryoo HA, Cho N, Woo JM, Kang HS, Ha TH, Myung W. Korean Validation of the Short Version of the TEMPS-A (Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire) in Patients with Mood Disorders. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59010115. [PMID: 36676739 PMCID: PMC9860563 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) is designed to assess affective temperaments. The short version of the TEMPS-A (TEMPS-A-SV) has been translated into various languages for use in research and clinical settings. However, no research has been conducted to validate the Korean version of the TEMPS-A-SV in patients with mood disorders. The goal of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the TEMPS-A-SV in Korean mood disorder patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional retrospective study, a total of 715 patients (267 patients with major depressive disorder, 94 patients with bipolar disorder I, and 354 patients with bipolar disorder II) completed the Korean TEMPS-A-SV. Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega were used to assess the reliability. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was also performed. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to examine associations between the five temperaments. The difference in five temperament scores between the gender or diagnosis groups was analyzed, and the correlation between five temperament scores and age was tested. RESULTS The Korean TEMPS-A-SV displayed good internal consistency (α = 0.65-0.88, ω = 0.66-0.9) and significant correlations between the subscales except one (the correlation between hyperthymic and anxious). Using EFA, a two-factor structure was produced: Factor I (cyclothymic, depressive, irritable, and anxious) and Factor II (hyperthymic). The cyclothymic temperament score differed by gender and the anxious temperament score was significantly correlated with age. All the temperaments, except for irritable temperament, showed significant differences between diagnosis groups. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results show that the TEMPS-A-SV is a reliable and valid measurement that can be used for estimating Koreans' affective temperaments. However, more research is required on affective temperaments and associated characteristics in people with mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunho Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeona Yu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun Yoon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjeong Jang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Daseul Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seong Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Ihm
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun A Ryoo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Cho
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Woo
- Seoul Mental Health Clinic, Seoul 06149, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Shin Kang
- Department of Psychology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyon Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13619, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojae Myung
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13619, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-(31)-787-7430; Fax: +82-(31)-787-4058
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Güler K, Özgörüş Z. Investigation of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas, temperament and eating attitude in adults. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:187. [PMID: 36447268 PMCID: PMC9710155 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00711-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current research on eating attitude has focused primarily on female perspective (Kapoor et al. in J Educ Health Promot 11(80):1-7, 2022; Piko et al. in J Prev Med Hyg. 63(1):83-89, 2022). To extend cross-gender approaches, this study aimed to examine the relationship between early maladaptive schemas, temperament, and eating attitude and to see whether these three concepts differ between men and women. METHODS The sample group consists of a total of 308 participants, 206 (66.9%) women and 102 (33.1%) men, living in Bursa and participating in the research voluntarily. In the study, Sociodemographic Data Form was used to obtain personal information of the participants, Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 3 was used to evaluate early maladaptive schemas, Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San-Diego Autoquestionnaire was used to evaluate temperament characteristics and Eating Attitude Test was used to evaluate eating attitudes. RESULTS As a result of the study, a moderate and positive relationship was found between the Defectiveness, Emotional Inhibition, Enmeshment/Dependence, Failure, Abandonment, Vulnerability to Harm or Illness, Negativity/Pessimism schemas and eating attitude. Among these schemas, Defectiveness was found to be the best predictor of deterioration in eating attitude. A weak and positive relationship was found between the scores obtained from the Eating Attitude Test and Cyclothymic and Irritable temperaments, and a moderate positive relationship with Anxious temperament. Among these temperaments, Anxious temperament was found to be the best predictor of deterioration in eating attitude. CONCLUSIONS When the results were examined, a relationship was observed between early maladaptive schemas and temperament types, and this relationship was examined in detail. The results obtained at the end of the study were discussed and suggestions were made for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kahraman Güler
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Social Sciences, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Özgörüş
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Social Sciences, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Marazziti D, Diep PT, Carter S, Carbone MG. Oxytocin: An Old Hormone, A Novel Psychotropic Drug And Possible Use In Treating Psychiatric Disorders. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5615-5687. [PMID: 35894453 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220727120646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxytocin is a nonapeptide synthesized in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. Historically, this molecule has been involved as a key factor in the formation of infant attachment, maternal behavior and pair bonding and, more generally, in linking social signals with cognition, behaviors and reward. In the last decades, the whole oxytocin system has gained a growing interest as it was proposed to be implicated in etiopathogenesis of several neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. METHODS With the main goal of an in-depth understanding of the oxytocin role in the regulation of different functions and complex behaviors as well as its intriguing implications in different neuropsychiatric disorders, we performed a critical review of the current state of art. We carried out this work through PubMed database up to June 2021 with the search terms: 1) "oxytocin and neuropsychiatric disorders"; 2) "oxytocin and neurodevelopmental disorders"; 3) "oxytocin and anorexia"; 4) "oxytocin and eating disorders"; 5) "oxytocin and obsessive-compulsive disorder"; 6) "oxytocin and schizophrenia"; 7) "oxytocin and depression"; 8) "oxytocin and bipolar disorder"; 9) "oxytocin and psychosis"; 10) "oxytocin and anxiety"; 11) "oxytocin and personality disorder"; 12) "oxytocin and PTSD". RESULTS Biological, genetic, and epigenetic studies highlighted quality and quantity modifications in the expression of oxytocin peptide or in oxytocin receptor isoforms. These alterations would seem to be correlated with a higher risk of presenting several neuropsychiatric disorders belonging to different psychopathological spectra. Collaterally, the exogenous oxytocin administration has shown to ameliorate many neuropsychiatric clinical conditions. CONCLUSION Finally, we briefly analyzed the potential pharmacological use of oxytocin in patient with severe symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and immunoregulatory properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy.,Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Phuoc-Tan Diep
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Sue Carter
- Director Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Manuel G Carbone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
A Longitudinal Study on the Effects of Parental Anxiety on Mobile Game Addiction in Adolescents: the Mediating Role of Adolescent Anxiety and Loneliness. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00890-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
|
17
|
Wang S, Shi X, Zhu Y, Wang Z. Factor structure of the Chinese version of the Screen for Adult Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARRED). Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 73:103159. [PMID: 35580532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Screen for Adult Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCAARED). The original SCAARED was translated into Chinese and administered 6371 Chinese college students (45.4% females, mean age 18.64 ± 0.89) aged 17-28. The factor structure of SCAARED in Chinese was examined by confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). Internal consistency and criterion-related validity were also evaluated. The four-factor structure of the SCAARED (generalizing anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder and panic disorder) fit the sample well. The SCAARED and its each dimension demonstrated good internal consistency, split-half reliability and criterion-related validity. Similar to other versions of SCAARED, Chinese version of the SCAARED showed that excellent psychometric properties. These findings support that the SCAARED is a reliable and valid anxiety disorder screening instrument in Chinese college students. Future replication studies are warranted in diverse samples and clinical populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- College of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xuliang Shi
- College of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Ya Zhu
- Center for Mental Health Education and Counseling, Guangdong University of Science and Technology, Dongguan 523083, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Public Administration, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Dongguan 523133, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lelisho ME, Merera AM, Tareke SA, Hassen SS, Jemal SS, Markos kontuab A, Bambo MM. Generalized anxiety disorder among mothers attending perinatal services during COVID-19 pandemic: using ordinal logistic regression model. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09778. [PMID: 35761934 PMCID: PMC9220756 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry about a variety of events. It is critical to ensure a pregnant mother's mental health in order to reduce pregnancy and birth-related problems. The major goal of current study was to identify the factors associated with generalized anxiety disorder among mothers attending perinatal services in the study area during COVID-19 using ordinal logistic regression. Methods The institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 10th, 2020 to August 10th, 2020 at Kembata Tembaro zone, Southern Ethiopia. The current study included 423 mothers. The GAD-7 scale was used to assess the anxiety level among mothers. An Ordered logit model was used to identify the determinants of GAD. Brant test of the parallel line was utilized to check proportionality assumption. The statistical significance was determined using an adjusted proportional odd ratio with a 95%CI, and a p-value <5%. STATA software version 14 was used to analyze statistical data. Results Of all 423 mothers attending perinatal service during COVID-19; 134(31.7%), 171(40.4%), 85(20.1%), and 33 (7.8%) had non/minimal to severe generalized anxiety disorder respectively. The results of multivariable proportional odds model (POM) showed that the variables town residents [aPOR = 1.827; 95% CI:1.233-2.708], having alcohol habit [aPOR = 3.437, 95% CI = 1.397-8.454], having occupation [aPOR = 0.509, 95% CI: 0.303-0.857], being health care worker [aPOR = 0.117, 95% CI = 0.044-0.311], having chronic illness [aPOR = 7.685, 95% CI = 3.045-19.39], having family history of anxiety/mood disorder [aPOR = 7.839, 95% CI = 2.656-23.12], fear of contracting COVID-19 [aPOR = 1.704, 95% CI = 1.152-2.521], having moderate social support [aPOR = 0.648, 95% CI = 0.425-0.989], having strong social support [aPOR = 0.495, 95% CI = 0.272-0.901] were significantly associated with generalized anxiety disorder at 5% level of significance. Conclusion Current findings concluded that the prevalence of GAD among mothers attending perinatal service during COVID-19 was high. The covariates like being town resident, lower-income status, occupation status, having a chronic illness, having a positive family history of anxiety or mood disorder, perceived social support, and fear of the COVID-19 were significantly associated with generalized anxiety disorder among mothers. Mothers who visit perinatal services should be given special consideration to improve health care services and ensure their mental health.
Collapse
|
19
|
Frøjd LA, Papageorgiou C, Munkhaugen J, Moum T, Sverre E, Nordhus IH, Dammen T. Worry and rumination predict insomnia in patients with coronary heart disease: a cross-sectional study with long-term follow-up. J Clin Sleep Med 2022; 18:779-787. [PMID: 34633284 PMCID: PMC8883089 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Insomnia is highly prevalent and associated with anxiety and depression in patients with coronary heart disease patients. The development of effective psychological interventions is needed. Worry and rumination are potential risk factors for the maintenance of insomnia, anxiety, and depression that may be modified by psychological treatment grounded in the Self-Regulatory Executive Function model. However, the relationships between worry, rumination, anxiety and depression, and insomnia are not known. Therefore, we investigated these relationships both cross-sectionally and longitudinally among patients with coronary heart disease. METHODS A cross-sectional study consecutively included 1,082 patients in 2014-2015, and 686 were followed up after mean of 4.7 years. Data were gathered from hospital records and self-report questionnaires comprising assessment of worry (Penn State Worry Questionnaire), rumination (Ruminative Responses Scale), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and insomnia (Bergen Insomnia Scale). RESULTS Insomnia correlated moderately with all other psychological variables (R 0.18-0.50, all P values < .001). After adjustments for anxiety and depression, odds ratios for insomnia at baseline were 1.27 (95% confidence interval 1.08-1.50) and 1.60 (95% confidence interval 1.31-1.94) per 10 points increase of worry and rumination, respectively. Corresponding odds ratios for insomnia at follow-up were 1.28 (95% confidence interval 1.05-1.55) and 1.38 (95% confidence interval 1.09-1.75). Depression was no longer significantly associated with insomnia after adjustments for worry and rumination, but anxiety remained significant. CONCLUSIONS Worry and rumination predicted insomnia both cross-sectionally and prospectively, even after controlling for anxiety and depression, although anxiety remained significant. Future studies may test psychological interventions targeting these factors in patients with coronary heart disease and insomnia. CITATION Frøjd LA, Papageorgiou C, Munkhaugen J, et al. Worry and rumination predict insomnia in patients with coronary heart disease: a cross-sectional study with long-term follow-up. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(3):779-787.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Aastebøl Frøjd
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Address correspondence to: Lars Aastebøl Frøjd, StudMed, Department of Behavioural Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Medicine, University of Oslo. Postal address: Postboks 1111 Blindern 0317 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Costas Papageorgiou
- Priory Hospital Altrincham, Cheshire, United Kingdom,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Munkhaugen
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Medicine, Drammen Hospital, Drammen, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Moum
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elise Sverre
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Medicine, Drammen Hospital, Drammen, Norway
| | - Inger Hilde Nordhus
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen Norway
| | - Toril Dammen
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
CANSEL N, UCUZ İ. Post-traumatic stress and associated factors among healthcare workers in the early stage following the 2020 Malatya-Elazığ earthquake. KONURALP TIP DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.18521/ktd.1000636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
21
|
Owusu E, Shalaby R, Eboreime E, Nkire N, Lawal MA, Agyapong B, Pazderka H, Obuobi-Donkor G, Adu MK, Mao W, Oluwasina F, Agyapong VIO. Prevalence and Determinants of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms in Residents of Fort McMurray 12 Months Following the 2020 Flooding. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:844907. [PMID: 35815045 PMCID: PMC9263447 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.844907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The flood in Fort McMurray (FMM) which occurred between April 26 and May 2, 2020, is known to have displaced an estimated population of 1,500 people, and destroyed or damaged about 1,230 buildings. In all, it is estimated to have caused about $228 million in losses. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify the prevalence and determinants of likely Generalized Anxiety disorder (GAD) in among respondents 12-months after the 2020 flooding. METHODS Data for the study were collected through a cross-sectional survey sent through REDCap and hosted online from the 24th of April to the 2nd of June 2021. The self-administered questionnaire was emailed to respondents using community, government, school, and occupational platforms. Demographic, flooding-related variables, and clinical data were collected. A validated instrument, the GAD-7 was used to collect information on likely GAD. Consent was implied by completing the survey forms, and the University of Alberta Health Research Ethics Committee approved the study. RESULTS Of the 249 residents surveyed, 74.7% (186) respondents completed the online survey, 81.6% (80) were above 40 years, 71% (132) were in a relationship, 85.5% (159) were females, and 94.1% (175) were employed. The prevalence of likely GAD was 42.5% in our study. Predictors of likely GAD among respondents included positive employment status (OR = 30.70; 95% C.I. 2.183-423.093), prior diagnosis of depression (OR = 3.30; 95% C.I. 1.157-9.43), and the perceived need to have mental health counseling (OR = 6.28; 95% C.I. 2.553-15.45). CONCLUSION This study showed that there was an increased magnitude of moderate to high anxiety symptoms among respondents following the natural disaster particularly the flood in 2020. The predictors of likely GAD include positive employment status, history of depression diagnosis, and the need to have mental health counseling. Policymakers may mitigate the rise of anxiety after flooding in vulnerable areas by addressing these and other factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Owusu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Reham Shalaby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ejemai Eboreime
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nnamdi Nkire
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mobolaji A Lawal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Hannah Pazderka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Medard K Adu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Wanying Mao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Vincent I O Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dib JE, Nehme I, Haddad C, Azar J, Hallit S, Obeid S. Affective temperaments of Lebanese patients with schizophrenia: comparison by gender and severity of psychosis. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:430. [PMID: 34823586 PMCID: PMC8620946 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim in this study was to identify affective temperament differences utilizing the TEMPS-A in a large sample size of Lebanese patients with schizophrenia and compare them to healthy controls. Gender differences, demographic factors and degree of psychotic symptoms were also considered. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross (PHC) from March to June 2019. Two-hundred fifty chronic patients with schizophrenia were compared to 250 healthy controls randomly chosen from the general population. RESULTS Patients with schizophrenia significantly had higher mean depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperament scores compared to healthy controls. Healthy controls significantly had a higher mean hyperthymic temperament score compared to patients with schizophrenia. In the group of patients with schizophrenia exclusively, females scored higher in terms of depressive, cyclothymic and anxious temperaments compared to males. In the group of healthy controls, males scored higher in terms of hyperthymic and irritable temperaments compared to females, whereas a higher mean depressive and anxious temperament scores were significantly found in females compared to males. In addition, higher PANSS total scores, as well as higher positive, negative and general subscales scores were significantly associated with higher depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperament scores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Dib
- Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ilige Nehme
- Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, INSERM, University of Limoges, CH Esquirol, UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, GEIST, 87000, Limoges, France
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique Et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jocelyne Azar
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
| | - Sahar Obeid
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique Et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Oniszczenko W. Anxious temperament and cyberchondria as mediated by fear of COVID-19 infection: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255750. [PMID: 34352033 PMCID: PMC8341574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study's main goal was to evaluate the association between anxious temperament and the fear of COVID-19-related self-infection and infection in loved ones (family members, friends, relatives) and cyberchondria. The sample consisted of 499 men and women aged between 18 and 72 who were gathered from the general population via an online recruitment platform. A numerical rating scale comprising 11 degrees of fear was used to assess participants' COVID-19-related fear, and affective temperaments were evaluated using Akiskal's Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) scales. Cyberchondria was assessed using McElroy and Shevlin's Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS). Small to medium positive correlations were found between depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperaments and cyberchondria and between depressive and anxious temperaments and COVID-19 fears. However, no correlation was observed between the hyperthymic temperament and cyberchondria. Cyberchondria positively correlated with both COVID-19 fears scales, though the correlation coefficients were medium. Based on the results of linear regression analysis, only anxious temperament and COVID-19 fear of self-infection were significant predictors of cyberchondria. The analysis also revealed a significant indirect effect of anxious temperament on cyberchondria through fear of COVID-19 self-infection as a mediator between anxious temperament and cyberchondria.
Collapse
|
24
|
Jaracz M, Bialczyk K, Ochocinski A, Szwed M, Jaracz K, Borkowska A. Contributions of Affective Temperament Traits to Professional Choice: Evidence from the Study of Firefighters, Musicians, Athletes, Bank Managers, Nurses and Paramedics. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:827-834. [PMID: 34188564 PMCID: PMC8235928 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s313191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to expand knowledge about the relationship between temperament and choice of profession by comparing temperaments among representatives of various professional groups. Subjects and Methods A total of 759 subjects aged 18-71, representatives of six professional groups: firefighters, musicians, athletes, bank managers, nurses and paramedics, were included in the study. Temperament was assessed using the TEMPS-A autoquestionnaire. Results Musicians showed higher levels of depressive and anxious temperaments whereas firefighters were lower on cyclothymic dimension. Athletes, bank managers and paramedics showed higher intensity of hyperthymic temperament compared to firefighters, musicians and nurses. Athletes showed lower of depressive temperament compared to bankers, musicians and nurses. Bankers obtained lower results of irritable temperament compared to musicians, athletes and nurses. Nurses showed a higher intensity of anxious temperament compared to firefighters, athletes and paramedics. Conclusion The results obtained support the concept of adaptive and socially useful role of affective temperaments. The studied professional groups show different individual temperamental profiles, which is justified in such aspects of the profession, as the level of stimulation, stress encountered, the necessity of making important decisions, or entering into relationship with the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Jaracz
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bialczyk
- Department of Health Economics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adam Ochocinski
- Department of Physiotherapy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szwed
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaracz
- Department of Geriatrics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Borkowska
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sharma P, Rosário MC, Ferrão YA, Albertella L, Miguel EC, Fontenelle LF. The impact of generalized anxiety disorder in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients. Psychiatry Res 2021; 300:113898. [PMID: 33812219 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) being one of the most prevalent comorbidities in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), few studies have researched its impact on the OCD phenotype. The present study investigated how the sociodemographic and clinical profile of people with OCD with comorbid GAD differs from people with OCD without comorbid GAD. We hypothesised that the phenotype of the comorbid group would be closely related to GAD, in that it would more likely be female, have an earlier age at onset of OCD, and show an increased severity of fear-related OCD symptoms (aggressive, sexual/religious, and contamination dimensions), more avoidant behaviours, greater suicidality, more severe anxiety symptoms, and increased rates of comorbid anxiety and mood disorders. The study included 867 participants with OCD, with GAD being comorbid in 33.56%. Mann-Whitney U tests, chi-square tests with continuity correction, and logistic regressions were performed. Results showed that comorbid GAD was uniquely associated with an increased number of avoidant behaviours, greater anxiety severity, panic disorder without agoraphobia, social phobia, specific phobia, and type II bipolar disorder. These results illustrate the clinical severity associated with this comorbidity and highlight markers that can aid diagnosis of GAD in OCD. Future studies should investigate whether this comorbidity has an impact on the treatment of OCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prerika Sharma
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria C Rosário
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
| | - Ygor A Ferrão
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA)
| | - Lucy Albertella
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Euripedes C Miguel
- Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program (PROTOC), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Leonardo F Fontenelle
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Obsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program. Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro & D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
YORGUNER N, BULUT NS, AKVARDAR Y. An Analysis of the Psychosocial Challenges Faced by the University Students During COVID-19 Pandemic, and the Students' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward the Disease. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2021; 58:3-10. [PMID: 33795945 PMCID: PMC7980717 DOI: 10.29399/npa.27503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aims of the present study were 1) to identify the major psychosocial challenges faced by students of a university in Istanbul, during the initial period of the COVID-19 outbreak, 2) to assess how these interacted with their level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward COVID-19 and the related health measures in place. METHODS As part of an international research, a total of 2583 university students from Istanbul participated in an online survey, which included questions in several domains including their studies and daily life before and after the outbreak, their concerns and worries about the pandemic, their level of knowledge on COVID-19, their views on the policies implemented by the government and their institution, their attitude and practices toward the protective measures. RESULTS Majority of the students reported to suffer from financial adversities due to the outbreak. The closure of residential facilities and the cancellation of face-to-face lectures resulted in the vast majority of the students moving back to their family home. Their daily routines were largely replaced by individual home activities, and social interactions shifted almost totally to digital platforms. They also reported high levels of anxiety and worries concerning a wide range of the possible detrimental outcomes of COVID-19, which were in close association with their knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards the disease, as well as their adherence to the policy measures and their satisfaction with the policies of the government. CONCLUSION These results may help policymakers in better understanding the psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 on the life of university students, and to develop more comprehensive strategies to address their multifaceted struggles, as well as to improve their compliance with the health measures in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neşe YORGUNER
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
- Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Necati Serkut BULUT
- Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yıldız AKVARDAR
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
- Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
ARPAĞ H, ATİLLA N, FINDIKLI E. Comparing the affective temperament profiles in male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease according to groups. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.799850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
28
|
Pavlova I, Zikrach D, Mosler D, Ortenburger D, Góra T, Wąsik J. Determinants of anxiety levels among young males in a threat of experiencing military conflict-Applying a machine-learning algorithm in a psychosociological study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239749. [PMID: 33027278 PMCID: PMC7540846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anxiety could be felt even in objectively peaceful situations, but a vision of conflict could result in increased stress levels. In this article, we aimed to identify hidden patterns of mental conditions and create male profiles to illustrate the different subgroups as well as determinants of anxiety levels among them in accordance with proximity to a possibility of direct exposure to military action. Methods A sample of Ukrainian males, in duty as conscripts to military service (n = 392, M±SD = 22.1±5.3) participated in a survey. We used the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. In addition to psychological indices, social-demographic data were collected. To discover the number of clusters, the k-means algorithm was used, the optimal number of clusters was found by the elbow algorithm. For validation of the model and its use for further prediction, the random forest machine-learning algorithm, was used. Results By performing k-means cluster analyses, 3 subgroups were identified. High values of psychological indices dominated in Subgroup 2, while lowest values dominated in Subgroup 3. Subgroup 1 showed a more even distribution among the indices. The strength of the relevance and main determinants of the prediction of the presented model mostly consisted of mental qualities, while socio-demographic data were slightly significant. Conclusions There is no clear relevance between proximity or even the experience of military actions and anxiety levels. Other factors, mostly subjective feelings about mental conditions, are crucial determinants of feeling anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Pavlova
- Theory and Methods of Physical Culture Department, Lviv State University of Physical Culture, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Zikrach
- SoftServe, Lviv, Ukraine
- AiNanoLab, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dariusz Mosler
- Department of Health Sciences, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Częstochowa, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Dorota Ortenburger
- Department of Health Sciences, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Tomasz Góra
- Department of Health Sciences, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Jacek Wąsik
- Department of Health Sciences, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Częstochowa, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Demyttenaere K, Heirman E. The blurred line between anxiety and depression: hesitations on comorbidity, thresholds and hierarchy. Int Rev Psychiatry 2020; 32:455-465. [PMID: 32436448 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2020.1764509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The delineation of anxiety and depression as well as the relation between anxiety and depression are still subject of debate. Many patients suffering from depression also suffer from anxiety, and many patients with anxiety suffer or will suffer from depression. The co-occurrence or co-morbidity is higher than what could be expected based on their respective prevalences, and even pushed some authors to call it cothymia. This epidemiological and clinical reality results in many conceptual hesitations. We first will summarize how the different (versions of the) classification systems do not seem to have been successful in their attempts to delineate the blurred line between depression and anxiety, before questioning whether a dialogue with a more phenomenological or psychopathological approach could be helpful in understanding the articulation between both affective phenomena, as well as in bridging neurobiological research and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koen Demyttenaere
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,KU University Psychiatric Center, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elke Heirman
- KU University Psychiatric Center, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Oniszczenko W. Affective Temperaments and Meteoropathy Among Women: A Cross-sectional Study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232725. [PMID: 32365079 PMCID: PMC7197850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of the study was to assess the relationship between affective temperaments and meteoropathy among women and examine meteorosensitivity as a mediator in this relationship. The issue of affective temperaments and meteoropathy has not been considered in the literature. The sample consisted of 450 Caucasian women gathered via the online recruitment platform. The participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 70 years (M = 30.01; SD = 9.10). The Polish version of the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire was used to assess affective temperaments (depressive, cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable and anxious). Meteorosensitivity and meteoropathy were assessed using the Polish adaptation of the METEO-Q questionnaire. A large positive correlation was found between meteorosensitivity and meteoropathy. Medium positive correlations were found between meteorosensitivity/meteoropathy and cyclothymic and anxious temperaments. Small positive correlations were revealed between depressive and irritable temperaments and both meteorosensitivity and meteoropathy scales. No correlation was found between hyperthymic temperament and meteorosensitivity/meteoropathy. Mediation analyses indicated cyclothymic and anxious temperaments affected meteoropathy both directly and indirectly through meteorosensitivity as a mediator. The most severe meteoropathy symptoms in the studied sample were asthenia, an indefinite feeling of malaise and irritability. The results suggest affective temperaments may be related to meteoropathy symptoms in women.
Collapse
|
31
|
Tanaka K, Ikeuchi S, Teranishi K, Oe M, Morikawa Y, Konya C. Temperament and professional quality of life among Japanese nurses. Nurs Open 2020; 7:700-710. [PMID: 32257257 PMCID: PMC7113523 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate associations between temperament and professional quality of life among Japanese nurses. Design A descriptive-correlational study using self-administered anonymous questionnaires. Methods Questionnaires were collected from 1,267 nurses. We used analysis of covariance to examine associations between tendencies of temperament (depressive, cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable and anxious) and professional quality of life subscales (compassion satisfaction, burnout, compassion fatigue) first for all participants and then again after dividing the participants into two groups based on years of experience. Results Nurses' professional quality of life was associated with innate temperament and years of experience. Nurses with any of depressive, cyclothymic, irritable, or anxious tendencies showed significantly lower compassion satisfaction and higher burnout and compassion fatigue than those without these tendencies. Nurses with hyperthymic tendencies showed significantly higher compassion satisfaction and lower burnout than those without the tendency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Tanaka
- School of NursingKanazawa Medical UniversityIshikawaJapan
| | - Satomi Ikeuchi
- School of NursingKanazawa Medical UniversityIshikawaJapan
| | | | - Masato Oe
- School of NursingMie UniversityMieJapan
| | - Yuko Morikawa
- School of NursingKanazawa Medical UniversityIshikawaJapan
| | - Chizuko Konya
- Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing UniversityIshikawaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jaracz M, Borkowska A. Creativity and Affective Temperament in Artistic and Non‐artistic Students: Different Temperaments are Related to Different Aspects of Creativity. JOURNAL OF CREATIVE BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jocb.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Jaracz
- Chair of Clinical Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Sciences Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Alina Borkowska
- Chair of Clinical Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health Sciences Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Esterman M, Fortenbaugh FC, Pierce ME, Fonda JR, DeGutis J, Milberg W, McGlinchey R. Trauma-related psychiatric and behavioral conditions are uniquely associated with sustained attention dysfunction. Neuropsychology 2019; 33:711-724. [PMID: 31144830 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is increasingly recognized that trauma victims, particularly Veterans, have co-occurring psychological and physical conditions that impact cognition, especially the domains of sustained attention and executive functioning. Although previous work has generally attempted to isolate the unique cognitive effects of common combat-related comorbidities, less work has been done to examine how these conditions co-occur, and whether unique cognitive signatures accompany certain clinical combinations. METHOD To address this gap, we examined how several deployment-related conditions were associated with performance on a well-validated measure of sustained attention (i.e., gradual onset continuous performance task [gradCPT]) and a battery of standard neuropsychological measures in 123 Veterans from the Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders. Initially, a Principal component analysis was conducted to investigate how comorbid conditions grouped together. RESULTS Several sustained attention measures from the gradCPT were differentially associated with four unique combinations of trauma-related pathology. Specifically, a somatic component representing the combination of current pain, sleep disturbance, and mild traumatic brain injury was associated with a higher rate of failures of attentional engagement. On the other hand, a comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mood disorder component (moodPTSD), as well as a substance use disorder component, were associated with higher rates of inhibitory control failures. Increased attentional instability was associated with moodPTSD as well as an anxiety disorder component. In contrast, the cognitive effects of deployment-related trauma were not observed on standard neuropsychological measures. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that unique combinations of trauma-related pathology have dissociable effects on sustained attentional control. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joseph DeGutis
- Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shahini M, Shala M, Xhylani P, Gashi S, Borinca I, Erfurth A. Challenging predictions between affective temperaments, depression and anxiety in a Kosovo student community sample. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2018; 22:282-288. [PMID: 29373932 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2018.1426771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between temperament and mental health problems is seen very important as we hope to explain the trajectory of this interaction. The aim of this study was to test the validity of affective temperaments for predicting psychiatric morbidity, by explaining the relationships between temperament, anxiety and depression in a community sample. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. The present sample consisted of 960 participants (347 male, 622 female) with a mean age of M = 28.4 (SD = 10) randomly recruited. Affective temperaments were measured by the brief version of TEMPS-A, depression and anxiety measured with Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS The Cronbach alpha reliability coefficients for affective temperaments were between .72 and .81, for BDI and BAI, were .88 and .90. The study found significant gender differences on depressive [t(959) = -4.2, p<.001], cyclothymic [t(957) = -4.6, p < .001] and anxious temperament [t(957) = -8.2, p < .001], females having higher scores than males, and reverse results on hyperthermic temperament [t(958) = 2.1, p < .045], males having higher scores than females. No gender difference is found in irritable temperament [t(955) = -.581, p < .561]. Affective temperaments were found significant predictors for depression and anxiety. The combination of the depressive temperament and cyclothymic temperament explained the 32% variance of depression and the 25% variance of anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Study findings are consistent with some other studies and stress the importance of screening for effective temperament in order to early identify depression and anxiety. Further investigation is needed to understand what are other factors that influence the relationship between affective temperaments with depression and anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mimoza Shahini
- a University of Mitrovica 'Isa Boletini' , Mitrovica , Kosovo
| | - Merita Shala
- a University of Mitrovica 'Isa Boletini' , Mitrovica , Kosovo
| | - Pajtim Xhylani
- b University of Prishtina 'Hasan Prishtina' , Pristina , Kosovo
| | - Shkumbin Gashi
- b University of Prishtina 'Hasan Prishtina' , Pristina , Kosovo
| | | | - Andreas Erfurth
- d Sozialmedizinisches Zentrum Baumgartner Höhe Otto-Wagner-Spital , Vienna , Austria
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Menghini D, Armando M, Calcagni M, Napolitano C, Pasqualetti P, Sergeant JA, Pani P, Vicari S. The influence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder on Executive Functions in children with ADHD. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 268:349-357. [PMID: 28766128 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-017-0831-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at verifying whether the presence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) affects executive functions in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Two groups of children with ADHD were selected for the study according to the presence or absence of GAD. The first group of 28 children with ADHD with GAD (mean age: 9 ± 1.2; males/females: 24/4) was matched for gender, age, IQ, psychiatric comorbidity with a second group of 29 children with ADHD without GAD (mean age: 8.8 ± 0.7; males/females: 26/3). The two groups with ADHD were compared to 28 typically developing children (mean age: 8.3 ± 1.3; males/females: 23/5) on different measures involving processes especially important in inhibitory control such as rule maintenance, stimulus detection, action selection and action execution. Our results indicated that, differently from children with ADHD with GAD, only the group with ADHD without GAD showed a deficit in inhibitory control. Comorbid subgroups should be differentiated, especially, to develop specific and efficient therapeutic interventions in ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Menghini
- Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - M Armando
- Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.,Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Calcagni
- Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - C Napolitano
- Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - P Pasqualetti
- Service of Medical Statistics and Information Technology (SeSMIT), Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Language and Communication Across Modalities Laboratory (LACAM), Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - J A Sergeant
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Pani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - S Vicari
- Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Newman MG, Przeworski A. The increase in interest in GAD: Commentary on Asmundson & Asmundson. J Anxiety Disord 2018; 56:11-13. [PMID: 29859657 PMCID: PMC7340183 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is one of the most common anxiety disorders. It is associated with functional impairment and is unlikely to spontaneously remit. As identified by Asmundson and Asmundson (2018), published research studies on GAD have increased in number over the last decade. We propose that this is due to the high prevalence of the diagnosis and symptoms, interest in transdiagnostic processes, such as worry, increased interest in emotion dysregulation as a principle underlying diagnoses, and new methods of treating and disseminating treatment that may be particularly well suited to GAD. Despite the increase in research articles on GAD, GAD still remains one of the least studied anxiety disorders. We propose that this is due to the misconception that GAD does not lead to severe impairment, despite data showing otherwise. Future research should continue to examine the phenomenology, mechanisms, and treatment of GAD in order to better understand this common anxiety disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle G. Newman
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, United States,Corresponding author. (M.G. Newman)
| | - Amy Przeworski
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
From the 19th century into the 20th century, the terms used to diagnose generalized anxiety included “pantophobia” and “anxiety neurosis.” Such terms designated paroxysmal manifestations (panic attacks) as well as interparoxysmal phenomenology (the apprehensive mental state). Also, generalized anxiety was considered one of numerous symptoms of neurasthenia, a vaguely defined illness. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) appeared as a diagnostic category in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) in 1980, when anxiety neurosis was split into GAD and panic disorder. The distinct responses these two disorders had to imipramine therapy was one reason to distinguish between the two. Since the revised DSM-III (DSM-III-R), worry about a number of life circumstances has been gradually emphasized as the distinctive symptom of GAD. Thus, a cognitive aspect of anxiety has become the core criterion of GAD. The validity of GAD as an independent category has been questioned from DSM-III up to preparation of DSM-5. Areas of concern have included the difficulty to establish clear boundaries between GAD and (i) personality dimensions, (ii) other anxiety-spectrum disorders, and (iii) nonbipolar depression. The National Institute of Mental Health has recently proposed the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), a framework destined to facilitate biological research into the etiology of mental symptoms. Within the RDoC framework, generalized anxiety might be studied as a dimension denominated “anxious apprehension” that would typically fit into the research domain called “negative valence systems” and the more specific construct termed “potential threat.”
Collapse
|
38
|
Association between suicide-related ideations and affective temperaments in the Japanese general adult population. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28640865 PMCID: PMC5481026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide rates are vastly higher in Japan than in many other countries, although the associations between affective temperaments and suicide-related ideations in the general adult population remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate these associations in the present study. METHODS We analyzed data from 638 Japanese volunteers who completed both the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A). Participants were then divided into three groups based on PHQ-9 summary scores and responses to the suicide-related ideation item: non-depressive control group (NC; N = 469), depressive symptoms without suicide-related ideations group (non-SI; N = 135), and depressive symptoms with suicide-related ideations group (SI; N = 34). The depressive symptoms were defined for PHQ-9 summary scores ≥5, and the suicide-related ideations were defined for PHQ-9 #9 score ≥1. We then compared TEMPS-A scores among the groups using Kruskal-Wallis tests. Then the 95% confidence intervals of differences in TEMPS-A subscale scores between the NC and non-SI groups, or between NC and SI groups, were calculated. RESULTS Participants of the SI group exhibited significantly higher scores on the depressive, irritable, and anxious temperament subscales than those of the non-SI group. Similarly, women of the SI group exhibited significantly higher scores of the depressive and irritable temperament subscales than women of the non-SI group, while men of the SI group exhibited significantly higher depressive temperament scores than those of the non-SI group. Among all participants and only men, cyclothymic subscale scores were higher in those of the SI group than the non-SI group (not significant), although the 95% confidence intervals did not overlap. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional study design was the main limitation. CONCLUSIONS Depressive, irritable, and anxious temperaments are significant risk factors for suicide-related ideations in the Japanese general adult population. Furthermore, irritable temperament in women and depressive temperament in men are associated with suicide-related ideations.
Collapse
|
39
|
Affective temperament, job stress and professional burnout in nurses and civil servants. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176698. [PMID: 28586391 PMCID: PMC5460788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The risk of professional burnout is constituted by job-related as well as individual factors. The latter involve affective temperament, which influences the perception of job-related stress. The aim of the present study was to assess the affective temperament, the level of job stress and professional burnout, as well as the relationships between these variables, in public servants and nurses. Material and methods 100 civil servants and 100 nurses were enrolled in the study. Affective temperament and burnout were assessed by means of TEMPS-A and MBI questionnaires, respectively. To measure the level of job-related stress, we have designed a 6-item self-reported questionnaire, which considered stressors common for both professions. Results Compared to the civil servants, nurses showed higher rate of anxious temperament and experienced greater intensity of job-related stress. The groups did not differ in the intensity of burnout symptoms. The rates of cyclothymic and anxious temperaments correlated with the intensity of stress, and burnout symptoms in the group of nurses. Within the civil servants group, the level of stress correlated with intensity of burnout, however no correlations with affective temperament were observed. The regression analysis performed in both groups revealed the significant effect of stress and cyclothymic temperament on burnout, while the effect of anxious temperament was not significant. Conclusions Cyclothymic and anxious temperaments are related to the level of experienced job stress and the risk of burnout. In professions like nursing, where employees show elevated rates of these temperaments, burnout prevention and stress management education is of particular importance.
Collapse
|
40
|
Ruscio AM, Hallion LS, Lim CCW, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Al-Hamzawi A, Alonso J, Andrade LH, Borges G, Bromet EJ, Bunting B, Caldas de Almeida JM, Demyttenaere K, Florescu S, de Girolamo G, Gureje O, Haro JM, He Y, Hinkov H, Hu C, de Jonge P, Karam EG, Lee S, Lepine JP, Levinson D, Mneimneh Z, Navarro-Mateu F, Posada-Villa J, Slade T, Stein DJ, Torres Y, Uda H, Wojtyniak B, Kessler RC, Chatterji S, Scott KM. Cross-sectional Comparison of the Epidemiology of DSM-5 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Across the Globe. JAMA Psychiatry 2017; 74:465-475. [PMID: 28297020 PMCID: PMC5594751 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is poorly understood compared with other anxiety disorders, and debates persist about the seriousness of this disorder. Few data exist on GAD outside a small number of affluent, industrialized nations. No population-based data exist on GAD as it is currently defined in DSM-5. OBJECTIVE To provide the first epidemiologic data on DSM-5 GAD and explore cross-national differences in its prevalence, course, correlates, and impact. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Data come from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative. Cross-sectional general population surveys were carried out in 26 countries using a consistent research protocol and assessment instrument. A total of 147 261 adults from representative household samples were interviewed face-to-face in the community. The surveys were conducted between 2001 and 2012. Data analysis was performed from July 22, 2015, to December 12, 2016. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to assess GAD along with comorbid disorders, role impairment, and help seeking. RESULTS Respondents were 147 261 adults aged 18 to 99 years. The surveys had a weighted mean response rate of 69.5%. Across surveys, DSM-5 GAD had a combined lifetime prevalence (SE) of 3.7% (0.1%), 12-month prevalence of 1.8% (0.1%), and 30-day prevalence of 0.8% (0). Prevalence estimates varied widely across countries, with lifetime prevalence highest in high-income countries (5.0% [0.1%]), lower in middle-income countries (2.8% [0.1%]), and lowest in low-income countries (1.6% [0.1%]). Generalized anxiety disorder typically begins in adulthood and persists over time, although onset is later and clinical course is more persistent in lower-income countries. Lifetime comorbidity is high (81.9% [0.7%]), particularly with mood (63.0% [0.9%]) and other anxiety (51.7% [0.9%]) disorders. Severe role impairment is common across life domains (50.6% [1.2%]), particularly in high-income countries. Treatment is sought by approximately half of affected individuals (49.2% [1.2%]), especially those with severe role impairment (59.4% [1.8%]) or comorbid disorders (55.8% [1.4%]) and those living in high-income countries (59.0% [1.3%]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this study show that DSM-5 GAD is more prevalent than DSM-IV GAD and is associated with substantial role impairment. The disorder is especially common and impairing in high-income countries despite a negative association between GAD and socioeconomic status within countries. These results underscore the public health significance of GAD across the globe while uncovering cross-national differences in prevalence, course, and impairment that require further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren S. Hallion
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carmen C. W. Lim
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola
- Center for Reducing Health Disparities, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento
| | - Ali Al-Hamzawi
- College of Medicine, Al-Qadisiya University, Diwania Governorate, Iraq
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Unit, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Médica–Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain7Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain 8CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Helena Andrade
- Department/Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Borges
- Calzada México Xochimilco No. 101 Delegación Tlalpan, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Evelyn J. Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Brendan Bunting
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - José Miguel Caldas de Almeida
- Chronic Diseases Research Center and Department of Mental Health, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Koen Demyttenaere
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia Florescu
- National School of Public Health, Management and Professional Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Giovanni de Girolamo
- Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, St John of God Clinical Research Centre, Brescia, Italy
| | - Oye Gureje
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yanling He
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hristo Hinkov
- National Center for Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Chiyi Hu
- Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health & Shenzhen Kanging Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peter de Jonge
- Developmental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands23Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elie G. Karam
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon25Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon26Institute for Development Research Advocacy and Applied Care, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sing Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Jean-Pierre Lepine
- Hôpital Lariboisière Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris Diderot and Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Daphna Levinson
- Ministry of Health Israel, Mental Health Services, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zeina Mneimneh
- Institute for Development Research Advocacy and Applied Care, Beirut, Lebanon30Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Fernando Navarro-Mateu
- Unidad de Docencia, Investigación y Formación en Salud Mental, Subdirección General de Planificación, Innovación y Cronicidad, Servicio Murciano de Salud, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria–Arrixaca, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública–Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Tim Slade
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - Yolanda Torres
- Center for Excellence on Research in Mental Health, CES University, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Hidenori Uda
- Health, Social Welfare, and Environmental Department, Kagoshima Regional Promotion Bureau, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan
| | - Bogdan Wojtyniak
- Centre of Monitoring and Analyses of Population Health, National Institute of Public Health–National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Somnath Chatterji
- Department of Information, Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kate M. Scott
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Deguchi Y, Iwasaki S, Ishimoto H, Ogawa K, Fukuda Y, Nitta T, Mitake T, Nogi Y, Inoue K. Relationships between temperaments, occupational stress, and insomnia among Japanese workers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175346. [PMID: 28407025 PMCID: PMC5391062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Insomnia among workers reduces the quality of life, contributes toward the economic burden of healthcare costs and losses in work performance. The relationship between occupational stress and insomnia has been reported in previous studies, but there has been little attention to temperament in occupational safety and health research. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationships between temperament, occupational stress, and insomnia. The subjects were 133 Japanese daytime local government employees. Temperament was assessed using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-Auto questionnaire (TEMPS-A). Occupational stress was assessed using the Generic Job Stress Questionnaire (GJSQ). Insomnia was assessed using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted. In a stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis, it was found that the higher subdivided stress group by “role conflict” (OR = 5.29, 95% CI, 1.61–17.32) and anxious temperament score (OR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.19–1.49) was associated with the presence of insomnia using an adjusted model, whereas other factors were excluded from the model. The study limitations were the sample size and the fact that only Japanese local government employees were surveyed. This study demonstrated the relationships between workers’ anxious temperament, role conflict, and insomnia. Recognizing one’s own anxious temperament would lead to self-insight, and the recognition of anxious temperament and reduction of role conflict by their supervisors or coworkers would reduce the prevalence of insomnia among workers in the workplace.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Deguchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shinichi Iwasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ishimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ogawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Fukuda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nitta
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoe Mitake
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukako Nogi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koki Inoue
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bahrini L, Damak R, Cheour M. The role of the affective temperament in the treatment adherence in psychiatry. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 25:2. [PMID: 28154695 PMCID: PMC5268810 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.25.2.8400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adherence to psychotropic medications is affected by factors related to the treatment, to the physician, to the environment and to the patient himself. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of affective temperaments on treatment adherence. Methods Thirty six stabilized outpatients were recruited from the aftercare consultation of Psychiatry to perform Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Auto questionnaire version (TEMPS-A) for affective temperaments and the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) for treatment adherence. Results The total MARS score was negatively correlated with the irritable temperament score. The MARS’s score relative to the attitude of patients to psychotropic medications and their negative side effects was negatively correlated with the cyclothymic, the irritable and anxious temperaments. Patients having a diagnosis of psychotic disorder had a significantly greater medication adherence and behaviour toward medication score compared to those having a diagnosis of affective disorder. A greater MARS’s score for the negative side effects and attitudes to psychotropic medication was associated with medication by neuroleptics with prolonged action. Conclusion The results of the present study suggest that patients with irritable temperament may have more difficult to follow psychotropic medications, and that patients with cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperaments may be more attentive and sensitive toward psychotropic medications and their negative side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Bahrini
- Psychiatry E Department, Razi Hospital, Cité les Oranger, 2010 Manouba, Medicine University of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rahma Damak
- Psychiatry E Department, Razi Hospital, Cité les Oranger, 2010 Manouba, Medicine University of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mejda Cheour
- Psychiatry E Department, Razi Hospital, Cité les Oranger, 2010 Manouba, Medicine University of Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Slope climbing challenges, fear of heights, anxiety and time of the day. Behav Brain Res 2016; 316:169-182. [PMID: 27609646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
When exposed to an unfamiliar open space, animals experience fear and attempt to find an escape route. Anxiety emerges when animals are confronted with a challenging obstacle to this fear motivated escape. High anxiety animals do not take risks; they avoid the challenge. The present experiments investigated this risk avoidant behavior in mice. In experiment 1, BALB/c, C57BL/6J and CD-1 mice were exposed to a large platform with downward inclined steep slopes attached on two opposite sides. The platform was elevated 75 and 100cm from the ground, in a standard (SPDS) and in a raised (RPDS) configuration, respectively. In experiment 2, the platform was elevated 75cm from the ground. Mice had to climb onto a stand at the top of upward inclined slopes (SPUS). In experiment 3, BALB/c mice were exposed to SPDS with steep or shallow slopes either in early morning or in late afternoon. In all 3 test configurations, mice spent more time in the areas adjacent to the slopes than in the areas adjacent to void, however only C57BL/6J and CD-1 crossed onto the slopes in SPDS, and crossed onto the stands in SPUS whereas BALB/c remained on the platform in SPDS and explored the slopes in SPUS. Elevation of the platform from the ground reduced the crossings onto the slopes in C57BL/6J and CD-1, and no differences were observed between BALB/c and C57BL/6J. BALB/c mice demonstrated no difference in anxiety when tested early morning or late afternoon; they crossed onto shallow slopes and avoided the steep one.
Collapse
|
44
|
Kim W, Kim H, Citrome L, Akiskal HS, Goffin KC, Miller S, Holtzman JN, Hooshmand F, Wang PW, Hill SJ, Ketter TA. More inclusive bipolar mixed depression definitions by requiring fewer non-overlapping mood elevation symptoms. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 134:189-98. [PMID: 26989836 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess strengths and limitations of mixed bipolar depression definitions made more inclusive than that of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) by requiring fewer than three 'non-overlapping' mood elevation symptoms (NOMES). METHOD Among bipolar disorder (BD) out-patients assessed with Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for BD (STEP-BD) Affective Disorders Evaluation, we assessed prevalence, demographics, and clinical correlates of mixed vs. pure depression, using less inclusive (≥3 NOMES, DSM-5), more inclusive (≥2 NOMES), and most inclusive (≥1 NOMES) definitions. RESULTS Among 153 depressed BD, compared to less inclusive DSM-5 threshold, our more and most inclusive thresholds, yielded approximately two- and five-fold higher mixed depression rates (7.2%, 15.0%, and 34.6% respectively), and important statistically significant clinical correlates for mixed compared to pure depression (e.g. more lifetime anxiety disorder comorbidity, more current irritability), which were not significant using the DSM-5 threshold. CONCLUSION Further studies assessing strengths and limitations of more inclusive mixed depression definitions are warranted, including assessing the extent to which enhanced statistical power vs. other factors contributes to more vs. less inclusive mixed bipolar depression thresholds having more statistically significant clinical correlates, and whether 'overlapping' mood elevation symptoms should be counted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - L Citrome
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - H S Akiskal
- International Mood Centre, University of California and Veterans Administration Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - K C Goffin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J N Holtzman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - F Hooshmand
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - P W Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S J Hill
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - T A Ketter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chalmers JA, Heathers JAJ, Abbott MJ, Kemp AH, Quintana DS. Worry is associated with robust reductions in heart rate variability: a transdiagnostic study of anxiety psychopathology. BMC Psychol 2016; 4:32. [PMID: 27255891 PMCID: PMC4891851 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-016-0138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with anxiety disorders display reduced resting-state heart rate variability (HRV), although findings have been contradictory and the role of specific symptoms has been less clear. It is possible that HRV reductions may transcend diagnostic categories, consistent with dimensional-trait models of psychopathology. Here we investigated whether anxiety disorders or symptoms of anxiety, stress, worry and depression are more strongly associated with resting-state HRV. METHODS Resting-state HRV was calculated in participants with clinical anxiety (n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 58). Symptom severity measures of worry, anxiety, stress, and depression were also collected from participants, regardless of diagnosis. RESULTS Participants who fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for an anxiety disorder displayed diminished HRV, a difference at trend level significance (p = .1, Hedges' g = -.37, BF10 = .84). High worriers (Total n = 41; n = 22 diagnosed with an anxiety disorder and n = 19 not meeting criteria for any psychopathology) displayed a robust reduction in resting state HRV relative to low worriers (p = .001, Hedges' g = -.75, BF10 = 28.16). CONCLUSIONS The specific symptom of worry - not the diagnosis of an anxiety disorder - was associated with the most robust reductions in HRV, indicating that HRV may provide a transdiagnostic biomarker of worry. These results enhance understanding of the relationship between the cardiac autonomic nervous system and anxiety psychopathology, providing support for dimensional-trait models consistent with the Research Domain Criteria framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A Chalmers
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - James A J Heathers
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Division of Cardiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maree J Abbott
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kemp
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Daniel S Quintana
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. .,NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Building 49, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, PO Box 4956, Nydalen, N- 0424, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Deguchi Y, Iwasaki S, Konishi A, Ishimoto H, Ogawa K, Fukuda Y, Nitta T, Inoue K. The Usefulness of Assessing and Identifying Workers' Temperaments and Their Effects on Occupational Stress in the Workplace. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156339. [PMID: 27227771 PMCID: PMC4881989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between temperaments and mental disorders has been reported in previous studies, but there has been little attention to temperaments in the occupational safety and health research. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of temperaments on occupational stress among local government employees. The subjects were 145 Japanese daytime workers in local government. Temperaments were assessed by the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-Auto questionnaire (TEMPS-A). Occupational stress was assessed using the Generic Job Stress Questionnaire (GJSQ). Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used. Hyperthymic temperament predicted a higher level of job control, and a lower level of role ambiguity and job future ambiguity. Irritable temperament predicted a lower level of social support from supervisors and a higher level of role conflict, variance in workload and intragroup conflict. Anxious temperament predicted a lower level of social support from coworkers and a higher level of job future ambiguity. The sample size was small. Only Japanese local government employees were surveyed. Hyperthymic temperament played a protective role, and irritable, anxious temperament played a vulnerable role against one's own occupational stress and recognizing the roles they play in work life would lead to self-insight. Additionally, recognition of the temperaments and temperament-related stressors by one's supervisors or coworkers would facilitate provision of social support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Deguchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shinichi Iwasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihito Konishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ishimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ogawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Fukuda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nitta
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koki Inoue
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Romero E, Holtzman JN, Tannenhaus L, Monchablon R, Rago CM, Lolich M, Vázquez GH. Neuropsychological performance and affective temperaments in Euthymic patients with bipolar disorder type II. Psychiatry Res 2016; 238:172-180. [PMID: 27086230 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Affective temperament has been suggested as a potential mediator of the effect between genetic predisposition and neurocognitive functioning. As such, this report seeks to assess the extent of the correlation between affective temperament and cognitive function in a group of bipolar II subjects. 46 bipolar II outpatients [mean age 41.4 years (SD 18.2); female 58.9%] and 46 healthy controls [mean age 35.1 years (SD 18); female 56.5%] were evaluated with regard to their demographic and clinical characteristics, affective temperament, and neurocognitive performance. Crude bivariate correlation analyses and multiple linear regression models were constructed between five affective temperament subscales and eight neurocognitive domains. Significant correlations were identified in bipolar patients between hyperthymic temperament and verbal memory and premorbid IQ; cyclothymic temperament and attention; and irritable temperament, attention, and verbal fluency. In adjusting for potential confounders of the relationship between temperament and cognitive function, the strongest mediating factors among the euthymic bipolar patients were found to be residual manic and depressive symptoms. It is therefore concluded that affective temperaments may partially influence the neurocognitive performance of both healthy controls and euthymic patients with bipolar disorder type II in several specific domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ester Romero
- Department of Neuroscience, Research Center in Neuroscience and Neuropsychology, Palermo University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jessica N Holtzman
- Department of Neuroscience, Research Center in Neuroscience and Neuropsychology, Palermo University, Buenos Aires, Argentina,; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Lucila Tannenhaus
- Department of Neuroscience, Research Center in Neuroscience and Neuropsychology, Palermo University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Monchablon
- Department of Neuroscience, Research Center in Neuroscience and Neuropsychology, Palermo University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlo Mario Rago
- Department of Neuroscience, Research Center in Neuroscience and Neuropsychology, Palermo University, Buenos Aires, Argentina,; Dipartimento di Psicologia Clinica, Universitá La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Lolich
- Department of Neuroscience, Research Center in Neuroscience and Neuropsychology, Palermo University, Buenos Aires, Argentina,; National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Gustavo H Vázquez
- Department of Neuroscience, Research Center in Neuroscience and Neuropsychology, Palermo University, Buenos Aires, Argentina,; International Consortium for Bipolar & Psychotic Disorder Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Trofimova I, Robbins TW. Temperament and arousal systems: A new synthesis of differential psychology and functional neurochemistry. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 64:382-402. [PMID: 26969100 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper critically reviews the unidimensional construct of General Arousal as utilised by models of temperament in differential psychology for example, to underlie 'Extraversion'. Evidence suggests that specialization within monoamine neurotransmitter systems contrasts with the attribution of a "general arousal" of the Ascending Reticular Activating System. Experimental findings show specialized roles of noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin systems in hypothetically mediating three complementary forms of arousal that are similar to three functional blocks described in classical models of behaviour within kinesiology, clinical neuropsychology, psychophysiology and temperament research. In spite of functional diversity of monoamine receptors, we suggest that their functionality can be classified using three universal aspects of actions related to expansion, to selection-integration and to maintenance of chosen behavioural alternatives. Monoamine systems also differentially regulate analytic vs. routine aspects of activities at cortical and striatal neural levels. A convergence between main temperament models in terms of traits related to described functional aspects of behavioural arousal also supports the idea of differentiation between these aspects analysed here in a functional perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Trofimova
- CILab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, 92 Bowman St., Hamilton L8S2T6, Canada.
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Downing St., Cambridge CB23EB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lang A, Papp B, Gonda X, Dome P, Rihmer Z. Dimensions of adult attachment are significantly associated with specific affective temperament constellations in a Hungarian university sample. J Affect Disord 2016; 191:78-81. [PMID: 26655115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Related to emotion regulation and mental health, adult attachment and affective temperaments are relevant research topics of contemporary psychiatry and clinical psychology. However, to date, only one study investigated the relationship between these two constructs. Thus, we aimed to further reveal adult attachment's association with affective temperaments. METHODS Affective temperament and adult attachment dimensions of 1469 Hungarian university students were assessed with self-report measures (Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa and San Diego autoquestionnaire and Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, respectively). Age and measured variables were compared between genders with ANOVAs. Associations between attachment dimensions and affective temperaments were examined with Pearson's correlations and partial correlations; the moderation effect of age and gender on these relationships was tested with PROCESS macro. Using Fisher r-to-z transformation, we also compared our results with the findings of the previous study. Cohen's ds were used to report effect size and Cronbach's alphas were computed as indices of internal reliability. RESULTS Significant correlations were found between attachment dimensions and affective temperaments. Correlations were especially robust between attachment anxiety and depressive, cyclothymic and anxious temperaments. Contrasted with the results of the previous study, hyperthymic temperament was negatively related to attachment avoidance and anxious temperament was significantly more strongly correlated with attachment anxiety in our study. LIMITATIONS We used a previous version of the adult attachment measure. Our sample differed from the target sample in several ways. Participants were not screened for mental disorders. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight that adult attachment dimensions are significantly associated with affective temperaments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andras Lang
- Institute of Psychology, University of Pecs, Ifjusag str. 6., H-7624 Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Barbara Papp
- Doctoral School of Psychology, University of Pecs, Ifjusag str. 6., H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Kutvolgyi str. 4., H-1125 Budapest, Hungary; National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Laboratory for Suicide Research and Prevention, Lehel str. 59, H-1135 Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Nagyvarad sq. 4., H-1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Dome
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Kutvolgyi str. 4., H-1125 Budapest, Hungary; National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Laboratory for Suicide Research and Prevention, Lehel str. 59, H-1135 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Rihmer
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Kutvolgyi str. 4., H-1125 Budapest, Hungary; National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Laboratory for Suicide Research and Prevention, Lehel str. 59, H-1135 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pawluk EJ, Koerner N. The relationship between negative urgency and generalized anxiety disorder symptoms: the role of intolerance of negative emotions and intolerance of uncertainty. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2016; 29:606-15. [PMID: 26726865 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2015.1134786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES GAD symptoms are associated with greater negative urgency, a dimension of impulsivity defined as the tendency to act rashly when distressed. This study examined the degree to which intolerance of negative emotional states and intolerance of uncertainty account for the association between negative urgency and GAD symptoms. DESIGN An analysis of indirect effects evaluated whether intolerance of negative emotions and intolerance of uncertainty uniquely account for the association between negative urgency and GAD symptom severity. METHODS Undergraduate students (N = 308) completed measures of GAD symptoms, trait anxiety, negative urgency, distress tolerance, and intolerance of uncertainty. RESULTS Greater symptoms of GAD, intolerance of negative emotional states, and intolerance of uncertainty were associated with greater negative urgency. There was an indirect relationship between negative urgency and GAD symptoms through intolerance of negative emotional states and intolerance of uncertainty even when controlling for trait anxiety. Intolerance of negative emotional states and intolerance of uncertainty each had an indirect relationship with GAD severity through negative urgency, suggesting possible bi-directional relations. CONCLUSIONS Future studies should examine the role of intolerance of negative emotional states and intolerance of uncertainty in the impulsive behavior of individuals with GAD, and whether impulsive behavior reinforces these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Naomi Koerner
- a Department of Psychology , Ryerson University , Toronto , Canada
| |
Collapse
|