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Li B, Ran K, Jing Z, Han W, Peng X. Glioma induces atypical depression-like behaviors in mice through the 5-HT and glutamatergic synapse pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 704:149706. [PMID: 38432144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Glioma patients often undertake psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. There are several clinical epidemiological studies on glioma-associated depression, but basic research and corresponding animal experiments are still lacking. Here, we observed that glioma-bearing mice exhibited atypical depression-like behaviors in orthotopic glioma mouse models. The concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitters were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), revealing a decrease in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels in para-glioma tissues. The related gene expression levels also altered, detected by quantitative RT-PCR. Then, we developed a glioma-depression comorbidity mouse model. Through sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and other tests, we found that the occurrence of glioma could lead to changes in depression-like behaviors in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse model. The results of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) indicated that the altered expression of glutamatergic synapse related genes in the paratumor tissues might be one of the main molecular features of the comorbidity model. Our findings suggested that the presence of glioma caused and altered depression-like behaviors, which was potentially related to the 5-HT and glutamatergic synapse pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Kunnian Ran
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zefan Jing
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Wang Y, Cai X, Ma Y, Yang Y, Pan CW, Zhu X, Ke C. Metabolomics on depression: A comparison of clinical and animal research. J Affect Disord 2024; 349:559-568. [PMID: 38211744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a major cause of suicide and mortality worldwide. This study aims to conduct a systematic review to identify metabolic biomarkers and pathways for major depressive disorder (MDD), a prevalent subtype of clinical depression. METHODS We searched for metabolomics studies on depression published between January 2000 and January 2023 in the PubMed and Web of Science databases. The reported metabolic biomarkers were systematically evaluated and compared. Pathway analysis was implemented using MetaboAnalyst 5.0. RESULTS We included 26 clinical studies on MDD and 78 metabolomics studies on depressive-like animal models. A total of 55 and 77 high-frequency metabolites were reported consistently in two-thirds of clinical and murine studies, respectively. In the comparison between murine and clinical studies, we identified 9 consistently changed metabolites (tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, methionine, fumarate, valine, deoxycholic acid, pyruvate, kynurenic acid) in the blood, 1 consistently altered metabolite (indoxyl sulfate) in the urine and 14 disturbed metabolic pathways in both types of studies. These metabolic dysregulations and pathways are mainly implicated in enhanced inflammation, impaired neuroprotection, reduced energy metabolism, increased oxidative stress damage and disturbed apoptosis, laying solid molecular foundations for MDD. LIMITATIONS Due to unavailability of original data like effect-size results in many metabolomics studies, a meta-analysis cannot be conducted, and confounding factors cannot be fully ruled out. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review delineated metabolic biomarkers and pathways related to depression in the murine and clinical samples, providing opportunities for early diagnosis of MDD and the development of novel diagnostic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Wang
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Cai
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Ma
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Suzhou Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China.
| | - Chaofu Ke
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Saeed A, Alharazi T, Alshaghdali K, Rezgui R, Elnaem I, Alreshidi BAT, Tasleem M, Saeed M. Targeting GluR3 in Depression and Alzheimer's Disease: Novel Compounds and Therapeutic Prospects. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1299-1312. [PMID: 38277291 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigates the interrelated pathophysiology of depression and Alzheimer's disease (AD), with the objective of elucidating common underlying mechanisms. OBJECTIVE Our objective is to identify previously undiscovered biogenic compounds from the NuBBE database that specifically interact with GluR3. This study examines the bidirectional association between depression and AD, specifically focusing on the role of depression as a risk factor in the onset and progression of the disease. METHODS In this study, we utilize pharmacokinetics, homology modeling, and molecular docking-based virtual screening techniques to examine the GluR3 AMPA receptor subunit. RESULTS The compounds, namely ZINC000002558953, ZINC000001228056, ZINC000000187911, ZINC000003954487, and ZINC000002040988, exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic profiles and drug-like characteristics, displaying high binding affinities to the GluR3 binding pocket. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that targeting GluR3 could hold promise for the development of therapies for depression and AD. Further validation through in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies is necessary to explore the potential of these compounds as lead candidates for potent and selective GluR3 inhibitors. The shared molecular mechanisms between depression and AD provide an opportunity for novel treatment approaches that address both conditions simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Saeed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Medical Sciences & Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Talal Alharazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alshaghdali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raja Rezgui
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibtihag Elnaem
- Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery and diagnostic science College of Dentistry, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Munazzah Tasleem
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
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Jiang C, Wang C, Qu W, Wang Y, Wang H, Wei X, Wang M, He Q, Wang Y, Yuan L, Gao Y. Cherry leaf decoction inhibits NMDAR expression and thereby ameliorates CUMS- induced depression-like behaviors through downregulation of α2δ-1. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21743. [PMID: 38034773 PMCID: PMC10681947 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a complex and prevalent mental illness. Cherry leaf is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which has confirmed to exert a certain antidepressant effect, but its potential neural regulation mechanism is not clear. This paper aims to investigate the improved action of cherry leaf decoction (CLD) on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats and its potential neural regulation mechanism by verifying the role and function of NMDAR regulatory target α2δ-1 in depression due to CUMS. Male SD rats were subjected to random stressors persisting for 5 weeks to establish the CUMS depression rat model. CLD could effectively alleviate depression-like behaviors of CUMS rats in behavioral tests including sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, tail suspension test and open field test. After the administration of the CLD, the expression of corticotropic-releasing hormone (CRH) in the hypothalamus was inhibited. Moreover, the levels of CRH, adrenal cortical hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) in serum also decreased significantly. CUMS upregulated the expressions of α2δ-1, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 1 (NR1), NR2A and NR2B, and enhanced the binding ability to of α2δ-1 and NR1, which were reversed by CLD. The results demonstrated that CLD could ameliorate depression-like behaviors due to CUMS, which was related to the fact that CLD down-regulated α2δ-1 level and interfered with α2δ-1 binding to NR1, thereby reducing NMDAR expression and ultimately inhibiting HPA axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Jiang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaonan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhong Qu
- Department of Physical Education, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyan Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian He
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Yuan
- Department of Humanities and Management, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Gao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research On Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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Wilson C, Gattuso JJ, Hannan AJ, Renoir T. Mechanisms of pathogenesis and environmental moderators in preclinical models of compulsive-like behaviours. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106223. [PMID: 37423502 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRD) is an emergent class of psychiatric illnesses that contributes substantially to the global mental health disease burden. In particular, the prototypical illness, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), has a profoundly deleterious effect on the quality of life of those with lived experience. Both clinical and preclinical studies have investigated the genetic and environmental influences contributing to the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Significant progress has been made in recent years in our understanding of the genetics of OCD, along with the critical role of common environmental triggers (e.g., stress). Some of this progress can be attributed to the sophistication of rodent models used in the field, particularly genetic mutant models, which demonstrate promising construct, face, and predictive validity. However, there is a paucity of studies investigating how these genetic and environmental influences interact to precipitate the behavioural, cellular, and molecular changes that occur in OCD. In this review, we assert that preclinical studies offer a unique opportunity to carefully manipulate environmental and genetic factors, and in turn to interrogate gene-environment interactions and relevant downstream sequelae. Such studies may serve to provide a mechanistic framework to build our understanding of the pathogenesis of complex neuropsychiatric disorders such as OCD. Furthermore, understanding gene-environment interactions and pathogenic mechanisms will facilitate precision medicine and other future approaches to enhance treatment, reduce side-effects of therapeutic interventions, and improve the lives of those suffering from these devastating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey Wilson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - James J Gattuso
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Thibault Renoir
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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Lu W, Sun Y, Gao H, Qiu J. A review of multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging studies on perimenopausal brain: a hint towards neural heterogeneity. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:5282-5297. [PMID: 36977851 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The population ageing process worldwide is leading to an increasing number of women in the perimenopausal phase. Many of the perimenopausal symptoms, such as headache, depression, insomnia, and cognitive decline, are neurological in nature. Therefore, the study of the perimenopausal brain is of great importance. In addition, relevant studies can also provide an imaging basis for multiple therapies to treat perimenopausal symptoms. Because of its non-invasive nature, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has now been widely applied to the study of perimenopausal brains, revealing alterations in the brain associated with symptoms during the menopause transition. In this review, we collected papers and works of literature on the perimenopausal brain using MRI techniques in the Web of Science database. We firstly described the general principles and analysis methods of different MRI modalities briefly and then reviewed the structural, functional, perfusion, and metabolic compounds changes in the brain of perimenopausal women respectively, and described the latest advances in probing the perimenopausal brain using MRI, resulting in summary diagrams and figures. Based on the summary of existing works of the literature, this review further provided a perspective on multi-modal MRI studies in the perimenopausal brain, suggesting that population-based, multi-center, and longitudinal studies will be beneficial to the comprehensive understanding of changes in the perimenopausal brain. In addition, we found a hint towards neural heterogeneity in the perimenopausal brain, which should be addressed by future MRI studies to provide more help for the precise diagnosis and personalized treatment of perimenopausal symptoms. KEY POINTS: • Perimenopause is not only a physiological transition but also a period of neurological transition. • Multi-modal MRI studies have revealed that perimenopause is accompanied by alterations in the brain, which is implicated in many perimenopausal symptoms. • The diversity in the multi-modal MRI findings may give a hint to neural heterogeneity in the perimenopausal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhao Lu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366 Taishan Street, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 619 Changcheng Road, Taian, 271016, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Gynaecology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 366 Taishan Street, Taian, 271000, China.
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Gutiérrez-Casares JR, Segú-Vergés C, Sabate Chueca J, Pozo-Rubio T, Coma M, Montoto C, Quintero J. In silico evaluation of the role of lisdexamfetamine on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder common psychiatric comorbidities: mechanistic insights on binge eating disorder and depression. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1118253. [PMID: 37457000 PMCID: PMC10347683 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1118253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric condition well recognized in the pediatric population that can persist into adulthood. The vast majority of patients with ADHD present psychiatric comorbidities that have been suggested to share, to some extent, the pathophysiological mechanism of ADHD. Lisdexamfetamine (LDX) is a stimulant prodrug approved for treating ADHD and, in the US, also for binge eating disorder (BED). Herein, we evaluated, through a systems biology-based in silico method, the efficacy of a virtual model of LDX (vLDX) as ADHD treatment to improve five common ADHD psychiatric comorbidities in adults and children, and we explored the molecular mechanisms behind LDX's predicted efficacy. After the molecular characterization of vLDX and the comorbidities (anxiety, BED, bipolar disorder, depression, and tics disorder), we created a protein-protein interaction human network to which we applied artificial neural networks (ANN) algorithms. We also generated virtual populations of adults and children-adolescents totaling 2,600 individuals and obtained the predicted protein activity from Therapeutic Performance Mapping System models. The latter showed that ADHD molecular description shared 53% of its protein effectors with at least one studied psychiatric comorbidity. According to the ANN analysis, proteins targeted by vLDX are predicted to have a high probability of being related to BED and depression. In BED, vLDX was modeled to act upon neurotransmission and neuroplasticity regulators, and, in depression, vLDX regulated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and glutamatergic excitotoxicity. In conclusion, our modeling results, despite their limitations and although requiring in vitro or in vivo validation, could supplement the design of preclinical and potentially clinical studies that investigate treatment for patients with ADHD with psychiatric comorbidities, especially from a molecular point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ramón Gutiérrez-Casares
- Unidad Ambulatoria de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental de la Infancia, Niñez y Adolescencia, Hospital Perpetuo Socorro, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Cristina Segú-Vergés
- Anaxomics Biotech, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Carmen Montoto
- Department of Medical, Takeda Farmacéutica España, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Quintero
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Departamento de Medicina Legal, Patología y Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Ziegs T, Ruhm L, Wright A, Henning A. Mapping of glutamate metabolism using 1H FID-MRSI after oral administration of [1-13C]Glc at 9.4 T. Neuroimage 2023; 270:119940. [PMID: 36787828 PMCID: PMC10030312 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the major excitatory transmitter in the brain and malfunction of the related metabolism is associated with various neurological diseases and disorders. The observation of labeling changes in the spectra after the administration of a 13C labelled tracer is a common tool to gain better insights into the function of the metabolic system. But so far, only a very few studies presenting the labeling effects in more than two voxels to show the spatial dependence of metabolism. In the present work, the labeling effects were measured in a transversal plane in the human brain using ultra-short TE and TR 1H FID-MRSI. The measurement set-up was most simple: The [1-13C]Glc was administered orally instead of intravenous and the spectra were measured with a pure 1H technique without the need of a 13C channel (as Boumezbeur et al. demonstrated in 2004). Thus, metabolic maps and enrichment curves could be obtained for more metabolites and in more voxels than ever before in human brain. Labeling changes could be observed in [4-13C]glutamate, [3-13C]glutamate+glutamine, [2-13C]glutamate+glutamine, [4-13C]glutamine, and [3-13C]aspartate with a high temporal (3.6 min) and spatial resolution (32 × 32 grid with nominal voxel size of 0.33 µL) in five volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia Ziegs
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Otfried-Müller-Str. 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Loreen Ruhm
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Otfried-Müller-Str. 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrew Wright
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Otfried-Müller-Str. 27, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anke Henning
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Max-Planck-Ring 11, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, United States
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9
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Ping A, Yang M, Xu S, Li Q, Feng Y, Gao K, Wang S, Duan K. Correlations between GRIN2B and GRIN3A gene polymorphisms and postpartum depressive symptoms in Chinese parturients undergoing cesarean section: A prospective cohort study. J Psychosom Res 2023; 168:111210. [PMID: 36898314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS) and self-harm ideation with n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor GRIN2B and GRIN3A gene polymorphisms and other risk factors in women undergoing cesarean section. METHODS A total of 362 parturients undergoing cesarean section under lumbar anesthesia were selected and their postpartum depression level was assessed by the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) at 42 days postpartum, with an EPDS score of 9/10 as the cut-off value. Three GRIN2B SNP loci (rs1805476, rs3026174, rs4522263) and five GRIN3A SNP loci (rs1983812, rs2050639, rs2050641, rs3739722, rs10989563) were selected for genotype detection. The role of each SNP, linkage disequilibrium and haplotypes in the development of postpartum depression was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed for related risk factors. RESULTS PDS incidence was 16.85%, and self-harm ideation incidence was 13.54%. Univariate analysis showed that GRIN2B rs1805476, rs3026174 and rs4522263 gene polymorphisms were associated with PDS (p < 0.05), with GRIN2B rs4522263 gene also associated with maternal self-harm ideation. GRIN3A rs1983812, rs2050639, rest rs2050641, rs3739722 and rs10989563 alleles were not associated with PDS. Logistic regression analysis indicated that high pregnancy stress, as well as rs1805476 and rs4522263 alleles were PDS risk factors following cesarean delivery. GRIN2B (TTG p = 0.002) and GRIN3A (TGTTC p = 0.002) haplotypes were associated with the lower PDS incidence and higher PDS incidence respectively. CONCLUSION GRIN2B rs1805476 GG genotype, rs4522263 CC genotype and high stress during pregnancy were risk factors for PDS, whilst a significantly higher incidence of self-harm ideation was evident in parturients carrying GRIN2B rs4522263 CC genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Ping
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Shouyu Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Qiuwen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Yunfei Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Saiying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China.
| | - Kaiming Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China.
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Emerging findings of glutamate-glutamine imbalance in the medial prefrontal cortex in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis of spectroscopy studies. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:1395-1411. [PMID: 35322293 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the main challenges in investigating the neurobiology of ADHD is our limited capacity to study its neurochemistry in vivo. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) estimates metabolite concentrations within the brain, but approaches and findings have been heterogeneous. To assess differences in brain metabolites between patients with ADHD and healthy controls, we searched 12 databases screening for MRS studies. Studies were divided into 'children and adolescents' and 'adults' and meta-analyses were performed for each brain region with more than five studies. The quality of studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Thirty-three studies met our eligibility criteria, including 874 patients with ADHD. Primary analyses revealed that the right medial frontal area of children with ADHD presented higher concentrations of a composite of glutamate and glutamine (p = 0.02, SMD = 0.53). Glutamate might be implicated in pruning and neurodegenerative processes as an excitotoxin, while glutamine excess might signal a glutamate depletion that could hinder neurotrophic activity. Both neuro metabolites could be implicated in the differential cortical thinning observed in patients with ADHD across all ages. Notably, more homogeneous designs and reporting guidelines are the key factors to determine how suitable MRS is for research and, perhaps, for clinical psychiatry. Results of this meta-analysis provided an overall map of the brain regions evaluated so far, addressed the role of glutamatergic metabolites in the pathophysiology of ADHD, and pointed to new perspectives for consistent use of the tool in the field.
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11
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Factors correlated with neuropathic pain in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 68:104213. [PMID: 36223704 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is common but has always been overlooked. This study was conducted to explore factors correlated with neuropathic pain in NMOSD and to evaluate associations between pain and quality of life. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, NMOSD patients were interviewed face-to-face. The Brief Pain Inventory, Douleur Neuropathique 4, and Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory scales were used to evaluate pain. Patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II and Social Functioning-36 tests to evaluate depression and quality of life. RESULTS A total of 122 NMOSD patients were enrolled. Eighty-one (66.4%; 95% CI, 39.9% to 92.9%) had current pain, of which 35 (28.7%; 95% CI, 20.7% to 36.7%) had neuropathic pain. Forty-nine (40.2%; 95% CI, 31.5% to 48.9%) patients experienced depression, which was moderate to severe in 22 patients. Multinomial logistic regression showed that significantly more patients with neuropathic pain had depression than those with other pain (OR, 4.15; 95% CI, 1.40 to 12.35; P=0.010) or no pain (OR, 5.65; 95% CI, 1.74 to 18.18; P=0.004). Significantly more patients with neuropathic pain had initial spinal cord involvement than those in the no-pain group (OR, 15.78; 95% CI, 1.37 to 182.15; P=0.027). Quality of life was severely affected in NMOSD patients with neuropathic pain. Only 29.6% were treated with analgesics, and none were prescribed antidepressants. CONCLUSION Depression was correlated with neuropathic pain and was often overlooked. Initial spinal cord involvement might indicate a higher risk for neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain in NMOSD patients requires scrutiny.
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12
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Ghuman A, McEwen A, Tran KH, Mitchell N, Hanstock C, Seres P, Jhangri G, Burgess D, Baker G, Le Melledo JM. Prospective Investigation of Glutamate Levels and Percentage Gray Matter in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Females at Risk for Postpartum Depression. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1988-2000. [PMID: 35236264 PMCID: PMC9886796 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220302101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The substantial female hormone fluctuations associated with pregnancy and postpartum have been linked to a greater risk of developing depressive symptoms, particularly in high-risk women (HRW), i.e. those with histories of mood sensitivity to female hormone fluctuations. We have shown that glutamate (Glu) levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) decrease during perimenopause, a period of increased risk of developing a major depressive episode. Our team has also demonstrated that percentage gray matter (%GM), another neural correlate of maternal brain health, decreases in the MPFC during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE To investigate MPFC Glu levels and %GM from late pregnancy up to 7 weeks postpartum in HRW and healthy pregnant women (HPW). METHODS Single-voxel spectra were acquired from the MPFC of 41 HPW and 22 HRW using 3- Tesla in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at five different time points. RESULTS We observed a statistically significant interaction between time and group for the metabolite Glu, with Glu levels being lower for HRW during pregnancy and early postpartum (p<0.05). MPFC %GM was initially lower during pregnancy and then significantly increased over time in both groups (p<0.01). CONCLUSION This investigation suggests that the vulnerability towards PPD is associated with unique fluctuations of MPFC Glu levels during pregnancy and early postpartum period. Our results also suggest that the decline in MPFC %GM associated with pregnancy seems to progressively recover over time. Further investigations are needed to determine the specific role that female hormones play on the physiological changes in %GM during pregnancy and postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Ghuman
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Psychiatry, Room 1E7.14, 8440 112 street Walter Mackenzie Center, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2B7; Tel: 780-407-6578; Fax: 780-407-6672; E-mail:
| | - Alyssa McEwen
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Psychiatry, Room 1E7.14, 8440 112 street Walter Mackenzie Center, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2B7; Tel: 780-407-6578; Fax: 780-407-6672; E-mail:
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13
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Domin H. Group III metabotropic glutamate receptors as promising targets for neuroprotective therapy: Particular emphasis on the role of mGlu4 and mGlu7 receptors. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 219:173452. [PMID: 36030890 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is still no effective treatment for central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, including cerebral ischemia, neurotrauma, and neurodegenerative diseases in which the Glu/GABA balance is disturbed with associated excitotoxicity. It is thus important to search for new efficacious therapeutic strategies. Preclinical studies on the role of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in neuroprotection conducted over the years show that these receptors may have therapeutic potential in these CNS disorders. However, clinical trials, especially for treating Parkinson's disease, have been unsatisfactory. This review focuses on the specific role of group III mGluRs in neuroprotection in experimental in vitro and in vivo models of excitotoxicity/neurotoxicity using neurotoxins as well as ischemia, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's diseases, and multiple sclerosis. The review highlights recent preclinical studies in which group III mGluR ligands (especially those acting at mGluR4 or mGluR7) were administered after damage, thus emphasizing the importance of the therapeutic time window in the treatment of ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury. From a clinical standpoint, the review also highlights studies using group III mGluR agonists with favorable neuroprotective efficacy (histological and functional) in experimental ischemic stroke, including healthy normotensive and-hypertensive rats. This review also summarizes possible mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective activity of the group III mGluR ligands, which may be helpful in developing more effective and safe therapeutic strategies. Therefore, to fully assess the role of these receptors in neuroprotection, it is necessary to uncover new selective ligands, primarily those stimulating mGlu4 and mGlu7 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Domin
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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14
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Frank D, Gruenbaum BF, Shelef I, Zvenigorodsky V, Severynovska O, Gal R, Dubilet M, Zlotnik A, Kofman O, Boyko M. Blood Glutamate Scavenging With Pyruvate as a Novel Preventative and Therapeutic Approach for Depressive-Like Behavior Following Traumatic Brain Injury in a Rat Model. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:832478. [PMID: 35237125 PMCID: PMC8883046 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.832478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common and serious complication following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Both depression and TBI have independently been associated with pathologically elevated extracellular brain glutamate levels. In the setting of TBI, blood glutamate scavenging with pyruvate has been widely shown as an effective method to provide neuroprotection by reducing blood glutamate and subsequent brain glutamate levels. Here we evaluate pyruvate as a novel approach in the treatment and prevention of post-TBI depression-like behavior in a rat model. Rats were divided into five groups: (1) sham-operated control with pyruvate, (2) sham-operated control with placebo, (3) post-TBI with placebo, (4) post-TBI given preventative pyruvate, and (5) post-TBI treated with pyruvate. These groups had an equal number of females and males. Rats were assessed for depressive-like behavior, neurological status, and glutamate levels in the blood and brain. Post-TBI neurological deficits with concurrent elevations in glutamate levels were demonstrated, with peak glutamate levels 24 h after TBI. Following TBI, the administration of either prophylactic or therapeutic pyruvate led to reduced glutamate levels, improved neurologic recovery, and improved depressive-like behavior. Glutamate scavenging with pyruvate may be an effective prophylactic and therapeutic option for post-TBI depression by reducing associated elevations in brain glutamate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Frank
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Benjamin F. Gruenbaum
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Ilan Shelef
- Department of Radiology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Vladislav Zvenigorodsky
- Department of Radiology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Olena Severynovska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Ecology and Medicine, Dnepropetrovsk State University, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine
| | - Ron Gal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Michael Dubilet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Alexander Zlotnik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Ora Kofman
- Department of Psychology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Matthew Boyko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- *Correspondence: Matthew Boyko,
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15
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Tran KH, Luki J, Hanstock S, Hanstock CC, Seres P, Aitchison K, Shandro T, Le Melledo JM. A comparative magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of GABA+ and glutamate referenced to creatine and phosphocreatine in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of perimenopausal women and women of reproductive age. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:989050. [PMID: 36386999 PMCID: PMC9644378 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.989050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The perimenopause is associated with an increased risk of developing a major depressive (MD) episode. The biological changes occurring during perimenopause responsible for this increased risk of depression remain to be elucidated. Postmortem and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies have revealed decreased gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of MD patients. The objective of this study was to compare LDLPFC GABA+ and Glu ratios (referenced to creatine and phosphocreatine) in healthy reproductive-aged (RD) and perimenopausal (PM) women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen healthy PM and 20 RD women were included in the study. Our dependent variables, LDLPFC Glu and GABA+ ratios which include homocarnosine and macromolecules, were measured via MRS, using a 3 Tesla magnet. Absence of current or past psychiatric diagnosis was confirmed via a structured interview. RD participants were scanned during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (MC). PM women were scanned outside of ovulatory cycles. RESULTS Mean LDLPFC GABA+ and Glu ratios were not statistically different between the PM group and RD group (PM mean = 0.10 ± 0.06, RD mean = 0.11 ± 0.04, t = -0.383, df = 36, d = -0.13, p = 0.70) (PM mean = 0.56 ± 0.06, RD mean = 0.57 ± 0.05, t = -0.794, df = 36, d = -0.26, p = 0.43), respectively. The perimenopause demarcates the end of the reproductive life. Unsurprisingly PM women were older than RD women (PM women: 48.8 ± 3.55 years, range 41-53 years old; RD women: 31.5 ± 9.66 years, range 18-47 years old) (p < 0.001). This inherent entanglement of group and age is a limitation of our study. CONCLUSION Contrary to our previous findings of decreased GABA+ and Glu in the medial prefrontal cortex in perimenopausal women, the perimenopause is not associated with decreased GABA+ or Glu ratios in the LDLPFC. This suggests that brain areas playing a role in MD display different sensitivity to the female hormones fluctuations associated with perimenopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim H Tran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jessica Luki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sarah Hanstock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Peter Seres
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Katherine Aitchison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Women and Children's Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Division of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry Section, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Tami Shandro
- Lois Hole Hospital for Women, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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16
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Yang X, Li X, Lai M, Wang J, Tan S, Chan HHL. Pain Symptoms in Optic Neuritis. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:865032. [PMID: 35498555 PMCID: PMC9046587 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.865032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Signs and symptoms of optic neuritis (ON), an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), differ between patients. Pain, which is commonly reported by ON patients, may be the major reason for some patients to visit the clinic. This article reviews the presence of pain related to ON with respect to underlying disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disease (MOGAD). The aim of this review is to provide an overview of pain symptoms in accordance with the context of various pathophysiological explanations, assist in differential diagnosis of ON patients, especially at the onset of disease, and make recommendations to aid physicians make decisions for follow up diagnostic examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayin Yang
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xuefen Li
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengying Lai
- Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jincui Wang
- Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoying Tan
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Shaoying Tan
| | - Henry Ho-lung Chan
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- University Research Facilities in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience (UBSN), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Henry Ho-lung Chan
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17
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Glutamate levels in the medial prefrontal cortex of healthy pregnant women compared to non-pregnant controls. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 133:105382. [PMID: 34419762 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Very little is known about maternal cerebral changes during pregnancy. Since there is an increased risk for major depression during pregnancy and postpartum, it is important to understand the structural and neurochemical changes that occur in the brain during pregnancy. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) (3 T field strength), glutamate (Glu) levels were measured in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) of 21 healthy gravid subjects 2-3 weeks before their due date (6.74 ± 1.39), and in 14 non-pregnant healthy controls during their follicular phase (8.53 ± 1.55). Water quantified MPFC Glu levels were decreased in pregnant women (p < 0.01). We also observed a 13.9% decrease in percentage grey matter (%GM) (p < 0.01) in our MPFC voxel. As Glu is mostly found in GM, we repeated the statistical analysis after adjustment for %GM and found that the difference in Glu levels was no longer statistically significant when adjusted for %GM (p = 0.10). This investigation is the only systematic direct investigation of brain tissue composition and Glu levels in pregnant women. The main finding of this investigation is the decreased %GM in healthy pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women. These findings of decreased %GM in pregnancy may be responsible for the frequent complaints by pregnant women of cognitive difficulties also described as pregnesia.
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18
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Alizadeh Makvandi A, Khalili M, Roghani M, Amiri Moghaddam S. Hesperetin ameliorates electroconvulsive therapy-induced memory impairment through regulation of hippocampal BDNF and oxidative stress in a rat model of depression. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 117:102001. [PMID: 34246766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders and it is generally characterized by negative mood. Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for depression, however, it can cause cognitive deficit. Hesperetin, an active ingredient in citrus peels, has antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. In this study, we evaluated the effect of hesperetin on memory impairment induced by ECT in a reserpine-induced depression model in male rat. For this purpose, 105 male rats weighing 230-250 g were randomly divided into control and reserpine-treated groups. The reserpine-treated animals were subdivided into: Reserpine, Hesperetin (10 and 20 mg/kg), ECT and ECT+Hesperetin (10 and 20 mg/kg). After taking the drugs, the effect of hesperetin was evaluated through behavioral NORT, Y Maze, FST, SPT and also via assessment of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and oxidative stress biomarkers i.e., MDA, SOD and GSH. As a result, our biochemical studies showed a significant decrease of MDA in groups treated with ECT+Hesperetin as compared to ECT and hesperetin groups (P < 0.001) and a marked increase in SOD, GSH and BDNF in ECT+Hesperetin 20 group as compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Also, the results of behavioral tests revealed that treatment with hesperetin can increase the novel object recognition index and alternation behaviors in Y maze test as compared to the groups treated with hesperetin or ECT (p < 0.05). These results suggest that co-administration of hesperetin with ECT is effective for improvement of cognitive function and can alleviate ECT-induced memory impairment in reserpine-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsen Khalili
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sara Amiri Moghaddam
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Mishra SK, Hidau MK, Rai S. Memantine treatment exerts an antidepressant-like effect by preventing hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction and memory impairment via upregulation of CREB/BDNF signaling in the rat model of chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression. Neurochem Int 2021; 142:104932. [PMID: 33290797 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial and cognitive dysfunctions have long been associated with major depressive disorders (MDDs). Studies have shown that Memantine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, possesses an antidepressant-like effect. Hence, the NMDA receptor can be a better therapeutic target for MDD. Therefore, the present study was designed to study the impact of Memantine on mitochondrial functional status and depression-like symptoms in the chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model of depression. CUS for 28 days resulted in depression-like symptoms (as indicated by increased immobility time in the forced swim test) and a decline in the spatial learning and retention memory in the Morris water maze (MWM) test, which was prevented by Memantine (10 mg/kg/day) treatment. We observed elevated plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels, microdialysates glutamate concentration, and synaptosomal calcium (Ca2+) ion levels after 28 days of CUS. Memantine treatment prevented only increased plasma CORT and synaptosomal Ca2+ ion levels. Memantine treatment also restored CUS induced increase in oxidative stress parameters [increased neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression, nitric oxide (NO) levels, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity], decrease in mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) enzymes activity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). CUS also reduced the expression of cell survival genes, cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF), which was reversed by treatment with Memantine. CUS, however, caused a non-significant decrease in the hippocampal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and a non-significant increase in the expression of pro-apoptotic genes, Caspase 3, and the number of TUNEL positive cells, indicating that hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction caused due to CUS was not severe enough to affect overall energy production, mitochondrial integrity, and cellular apoptosis status. Thus, Memantine treatment exerts an antidepressant-like effect by preventing CUS induced excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and enhancing CUS induced decrease in mitochondrial functioning and expression of cell survival genes via upregulation of stress-responsive CREB/BDNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Mishra
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow (U.P.), 226031, India; The Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India; Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai (C.G.), 490024, India.
| | - Mahendra Kumar Hidau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Shivika Rai
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow (U.P.), 226031, India; The Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
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20
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Yap S, Luki J, Hanstock CC, Seres P, Shandro T, Hanstock SEC, Lirette A, Zhao HH, Aitchison KJ, Le Melledo JM. Decreased Medial Prefrontal Cortex Glutamate Levels in Perimenopausal Women. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:763562. [PMID: 34966302 PMCID: PMC8710490 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.763562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: There is an increased risk of experiencing depression during perimenopause (PM), a period of rapidly changing female hormone concentrations. Women at particular risk of developing major depression (MD) during PM are those with history of mood sensitivity to female hormone fluctuations i.e., women with a history of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and/or post-partum depression (PPD). Depressive symptomology has been associated with fluctuations of glutamate (Glu) levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) in MD patients as well as PMDD and PPD patients. The objective of the study was to compare MPFC Glu levels in healthy perimenopausal and reproductive-aged (RD) women. Methods: Medial prefrontal cortex Glu levels in healthy perimenopausal (n = 15) and healthy RD women (n = 16) were compared via Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) scan using a 3 Tesla (T) magnet. Absence of depressive symptomology and psychiatric comorbidity was confirmed via semi-structured interview. Participants were scanned during the early follicular phase (FP) of the menstrual cycle (MC). Results: Mean MPFC Glu concentrations were decreased in the PM group compared to RD group (PM mean = 0.57 ± 0.03, RD mean = 0.63 ± 0.06, t = -3.84, df = 23.97, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Perimenopause is associated with decreases in MPFC Glu levels. This decrease may be contributing to the increased risk of experiencing depression during PM. Further research should assess MPFC Glu levels in perimenopausal women suffering from MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Yap
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jessica Luki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Peter Seres
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tami Shandro
- Lois Hole Hospital for Women, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Alynna Lirette
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Katherine J Aitchison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,The Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Edmonton Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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21
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Orsolini L, Pompili S, Volpe U. The ‘collateral side’ of mood stabilizers: safety and evidence-based strategies for managing side effects. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2020; 19:1461-1495. [DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2020.1820984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orsolini
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences/DIMSC, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simone Pompili
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences/DIMSC, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Umberto Volpe
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences/DIMSC, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Han Y, Jia Y, Tian J, Zhou S, Chen A, Luo X. Urine metabolomic responses to aerobic and resistance training in rats under chronic unpredictable mild stress. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237377. [PMID: 32785263 PMCID: PMC7423134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is known that bioenergetics of aerobic and resistance exercise are not the same but both can effectively improve depression. However, it is not clear whether and how different types of exercise can influence depression through the same metabolic regulatory system. Metabolomics provides a way to study the correlation between metabolites and changes in exercise and/or diseases through the quantitative analysis of all metabolites in the organism. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic and resistance training on urinary metabolites by metabolomics analysis in a rodent model of depression. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for eight weeks. The validity of the modeling was assessed by behavioral indices. After four weeks of CUMS, the rats that developed depression were randomly divided into a depression control group, an aerobic training group and a resistance training group. There was also a normal control group. From week 5, the rats in the exercise groups were trained for 30 min per day, five days per week, for four weeks. The urine samples were collected pre and post the training program, and analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. Results Both types of training improved depression-like behavior in CUMS rats. Compared with normal control, 21 potential biomarkers were identified in the urine of CUMS rats, mainly involved in energy, amino acids and intestinal microbial metabolic pathways. Common responses to the training were found in the two exercise groups that the levels of glutamine, acetone and creatine were significantly recalled (all P<0.05) Aerobic training also resulted in changes in pyruvate and trigonelline, while resistance training modified α-Oxoglutarate, citric acid, and trimethylamine oxide (all P<0.05). Conclusions Aerobic and resistance training resulted in common effects on the metabolic pathways of alanine-aspartate-glutamate, TCA cycle, and butyric acid. Aerobic training also had effects on glycolysis or gluconeogenesis and pyruvate metabolism, while resistance training had additional effect on intestinal microbial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Han
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yi Jia
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Junsheng Tian
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anping Chen
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Luo
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
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Liu X, Lv M, Wang Y, Zhao D, Zhao S, Li S, Qin X. Deciphering the compatibility rules of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions based on NMR metabolomics: A case study of Xiaoyaosan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112726. [PMID: 32135241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xiaoyaosan (XYS), a represent and classic TCM prescription, consists of Radix Bupleuri, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Poria, Herba Menthae, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens and Radix Glycyrrhizae. XYS can sooth the liver and strengthen the spleen through improving the circulation of qi and nourishing blood according to the TCM theory, therefore exhibiting anti-depression effects. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was conducted to investigate the compatibility rule of antidepressant effect of XYS by using both the "Efficacy Compositions" research strategy and fecal metabolomics approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS XYS was divided into two efficacy groups, i.e. the Shugan (SG) and the Jianpi (JP) groups, according to the efficacies of both XYS and the eight herbs recorded in the TCM theory and the research strategy of "Efficacy Compositions". A CUMS-induced depression model was constructed, where rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: negative control (NC), CUMS model (MS), XYS, SG, and JP. Multivariate data analysis including Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminate Analysis (OPLS-DA) was utilized. Efficacy Index (EI) was calculated. RESULTS Metabolic profiling by PCA showed that XYS exhibited the strongest effect than the two efficacy groups, locating closest to the control group. OPLS-DA showed 10 metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers for the CUMS-induced depression. 8 potential biomarkers were significantly reversed by XYS while 5 and 4 biomarkers were reversed by SG and JP, respectively. The results of regulatory degrees showed that XYS had the highest EI than SG and JP. Concerning metabolic pathways, XYS regulated all the seven metabolic pathways associated with CUMS-induced depression, while SG and JP groups regulated six and three pathways, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The antidepressant effect of XYS was stronger than that of SG and JP. The combined effects of SG and JP brought the integrated antidepressant effect of XYS. This study suggests that a combination of "Efficacy Compositions" strategy and metabolomics approach has great potentials in comprehensively and deeply understanding the scientific connotation of the compatibility rule of TCM prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Meng Lv
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Yaze Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Di Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Sijun Zhao
- Shanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
| | - Shunyong Li
- School of Mathematics Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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Matveychuk D, Thomas RK, Swainson J, Khullar A, MacKay MA, Baker GB, Dursun SM. Ketamine as an antidepressant: overview of its mechanisms of action and potential predictive biomarkers. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2020; 10:2045125320916657. [PMID: 32440333 PMCID: PMC7225830 DOI: 10.1177/2045125320916657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine, a drug introduced in the 1960s as an anesthetic agent and still used for that purpose, has garnered marked interest over the past two decades as an emerging treatment for major depressive disorder. With increasing evidence of its efficacy in treatment-resistant depression and its potential anti-suicidal action, a great deal of investigation has been conducted on elucidating ketamine's effects on the brain. Of particular interest and therapeutic potential is the ability of ketamine to exert rapid antidepressant properties as early as several hours after administration. This is in stark contrast to the delayed effects observed with traditional antidepressants, often requiring several weeks of therapy for a clinical response. Furthermore, ketamine appears to have a unique mechanism of action involving glutamate modulation via actions at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and α -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors, as well as downstream activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways to potentiate synaptic plasticity. This paper provides a brief overview of ketamine with regard to pharmacology/pharmacokinetics, toxicology, the current state of clinical trials on depression, postulated antidepressant mechanisms and potential biomarkers (biochemical, inflammatory, metabolic, neuroimaging sleep-related and cognitive) for predicting response to and/or monitoring of therapeutic outcome with ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Matveychuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rejish K. Thomas
- Grey Nuns Community Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer Swainson
- Misericordia Community Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Atul Khullar
- Grey Nuns Community Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mary-Anne MacKay
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Glen B. Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta, 12-105B Clin Sci Bldg, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Serdar M. Dursun
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Grey Nuns Community Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Gruenbaum BF, Kutz R, Zlotnik A, Boyko M. Blood glutamate scavenging as a novel glutamate-based therapeutic approach for post-stroke depression. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2020; 10:2045125320903951. [PMID: 32110376 PMCID: PMC7026819 DOI: 10.1177/2045125320903951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a major complication of stroke that significantly impacts functional recovery and quality of life. While the exact mechanism of PSD is unknown, recent attention has focused on the association of the glutamatergic system in its etiology and treatment. Minimizing secondary brain damage and neuropsychiatric consequences associated with excess glutamate concentrations is a vital part of stroke management. The blood glutamate scavengers, oxaloacetate and pyruvate, degrade glutamate in the blood to its inactive metabolite, 2-ketoglutarate, by the coenzymes glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), respectively. This reduction in blood glutamate concentrations leads to a subsequent shift of glutamate down its concentration gradient from the blood to the brain, thereby decreasing brain glutamate levels. Although there are not yet any human trials that support blood glutamate scavengers for clinical use, there is increasing evidence from animal research of their efficacy as a promising new therapeutic approach for PSD. In this review, we present recent evidence in the literature of the potential therapeutic benefits of blood glutamate scavengers for reducing PSD and other related neuropsychiatric conditions. The evidence reviewed here should be useful in guiding future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F Gruenbaum
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ruslan Kutz
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alexander Zlotnik
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Matthew Boyko
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
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Nikolaus S, Mamlins E, Hautzel H, Müller HW. Acute anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are related to different patterns of nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine dysfunction. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:381-426. [PMID: 30269107 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) receptor and transporter dysfunctions play a major role in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases including anxiety disorder (AD), major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) in the manic (BDman) or depressive (BDdep) state and schizophrenia (SZ). We performed a PUBMED search, which provided a total of 239 in vivo imaging studies with either positron emission tomography (PET) or single-proton emission computed tomography (SPECT). In these studies, DA transporter binding, D1 receptor (R) binding, D2R binding, DA synthesis and/or DA release in patients with the primary diagnosis of acute AD (n=310), MDD (n=754), BDman (n=15), BDdep (n=49) or SZ (n=1532) were compared to healthy individuals. A retrospective analysis revealed that AD, MDD, BDman, BDdep and SZ differed as to affected brain region(s), affected synaptic constituent(s) and extent as well as direction of dysfunction in terms of either sensitization or desensitization of transporter and/or receptor binding sites. In contrast to AD and SZ, in MDD, BDman and BDdep, neostriatal DA function was normal, whereas MDD, BDman, and BDdep were characterized by the increased availability of prefrontal and frontal DA. In contrast to AD, MDD, BDman and BDdep, DA function in SZ was impaired throughout the nigrostriatal and mesolimbocortical system with an increased availability of DA in the striatothalamocortical and a decreased availability in the mesolimbocortical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Nikolaus
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eduards Mamlins
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hubertus Hautzel
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Wilhelm Müller
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Amantadine enhances nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine function in the rat brain in relation to motor and exploratory activity. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 179:156-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Gómez-Coronado N, Sethi R, Bortolasci CC, Arancini L, Berk M, Dodd S. A review of the neurobiological underpinning of comorbid substance use and mood disorders. J Affect Disord 2018; 241:388-401. [PMID: 30145509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that substance use disorders and other mental disorders may have shared biological mechanisms. However, the neurobiological basis of this comorbidity remains only partially explained. This review describes the historical evolution of the dual disorders concept and approach, and reviews the existing literature on neurobiological findings specifically regarding comorbid substance use and mood disorders. METHODS Searches were conducted using PubMed and Scopus in December 2017. A Boolean search was performed using combinations of "dual diagnosis" or "dual disorder" or "depression" or "bipolar" or "affective disorder" or "mood disorder" and "substance use" or "substance abuse" and "neurobiology" or "functional neuroimaging" or "genetics" or "neurotransmitters" or "neuroendocrinology" in the title or abstract, or as keywords, using no language restriction. RESULTS 32 studies met the inclusion criteria. We found robust evidence for involvement of the neurotransmitters dopamine, GABA and glutamate and their receptors, as well as by the central corticotrophin-releasing hormone, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation, oxidative stress and inflammation. Recent studies focusing on neuroimaging and genetics have not shown consistent results. LIMITATIONS Only two search tools were used; most identified studies excluded the population of interest (comorbid mood and substance abuse disorders). CONCLUSIONS The neurobiological relevance for the occurrence of comorbid mood and substance abuse disorders has not been fully elucidated. Considering the high levels of individuals who experience comorbidity in these areas as well as the negative associated outcomes, this is clearly an area that requires further in-depth investigation. Furthermore, findings from this area can help to inform drug abuse prevention and intervention efforts, and especially how they relate to populations with psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Gómez-Coronado
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital San Agustín ORL, Dos Hermanas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rickinder Sethi
- London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Chiara Cristina Bortolasci
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren Arancini
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre for Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Seetal Dodd
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre for Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Synaptic Dysfunction in the Amygdala of Rats Susceptible to Chronic Mild Stress. Neuroscience 2018; 376:24-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Preventive and Therapeutic Potential of Vitamin C in Mental Disorders. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:1-10. [PMID: 30074145 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the involvement of vitamin C in mental disorders by presenting available evidence on its pharmacological effects in animal models as well as in clinical studies. Vitamin C, especially its reduced form, has gained interest for its multiple functions in various tissues and organs, including central nervous system (CNS). Vitamin C protects the neuron against oxidative stress, alleviates inflammation, regulates the neurotransmission, affects neuronal development and controls epigenetic function. All of these processes are closely associated with psychopathology. In the past few decades, scientists have revealed that the deficiency of vitamin C may lead to motor deficit, cognitive impairment and aberrant behaviors, whereas supplement of vitamin C has a potential preventive and therapeutic effect on mental illness, such as major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia, anxiety and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although several studies support a possible role of vitamin C against mental disorders, more researches are essential to accelerate the knowledge and investigate the mechanism in this field.
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Metabolite identification in fecal microbiota transplantation mouse livers and combined proteomics with chronic unpredictive mild stress mouse livers. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:34. [PMID: 29382834 PMCID: PMC5802540 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mood disorder. Gut microbiota may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression via the microbe-gut-brain axis. Liver is vulnerable to exposure of bacterial products translocated from the gut via the portal vein and may be involved in the axis. In this study, germ-free mice underwent fecal microbiota transplantation from MDD patients and healthy controls. Behavioral tests verified the depression model. Metabolomics using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry determined the influence of microbes on liver metabolism. With multivariate statistical analysis, 191 metabolites were distinguishable in MDD mice from control (CON) mice. Compared with CON mice, MDD mice showed lower levels for 106 metabolites and higher levels for 85 metabolites. These metabolites are associated with lipid and energy metabolism and oxidative stress. Combined analyses of significantly changed proteins in livers from another depression model induced by chronic unpredictive mild stress returned a high score for the Lipid Metabolism, Free Radical Scavenging, and Molecule Transports network, and canonical pathways were involved in energy metabolism and tryptophan degradation. The two mouse models of depression suggest that changes in liver metabolism might be involved in the pathogenesis of MDD. Conjoint analyses of fecal, serum, liver, and hippocampal metabolites from fecal microbiota transplantation mice suggested that aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis significantly changed and fecal metabolites showed a close relationship with the liver. These findings may help determine the biological mechanisms of depression and provide evidence about "depression microbes" impacting on liver metabolism.
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Hautzel H, Müller HW, Nikolaus S. Focus on GABAA receptor function. Nuklearmedizin 2018; 53:227-37. [DOI: 10.3413/nukmed-0647-14-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SummaryImpairment of GABAA receptor function is increasingly recognized to play a major role in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases including anxiety disorder (AD), major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SZ). Patients, method: We conducted a PUBMED search, which provided a total of 23 in vivo investigations with PET and SPECT, in which GABAA receptor binding in patients with the primary diagnosis of AD (n = 14, 160 patients, 172 controls), MDD (n = 2, 24 patients, 28 controls) or SZ (n = 6, 77 patients, 90 controls) was compared to healthy individuals. Results: A retrospective analysis revealed that AD, MDD and SZ differed as to both site(s) and extent(s) of GABAergic impairment. Additionally, it may be stated that, while the decline of GABAA receptor binding AD involved the whole mesolimbocortical system, in SZ it was confined to the frontal and temporal cortex. Conclusion: As GABA is known to inhibit dopamine and serotonin, GABAergic dysfunction may be associated with the disturbances of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Zhou X, Liu L, Zhang Y, Pu J, Yang L, Zhou C, Yuan S, Zhang H, Xie P. Metabolomics identifies perturbations in amino acid metabolism in the prefrontal cortex of the learned helplessness rat model of depression. Neuroscience 2016; 343:1-9. [PMID: 27919695 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a serious psychiatric condition associated with high rates of suicide and is a leading cause of health burden worldwide. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of major depression are still essentially unclear. In our study, a non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach was used to investigate metabolic changes in the prefrontal cortex of the learned helplessness (LH) rat model of depression. Body-weight measurements and behavioral tests including the active escape test, sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, elevated plus-maze and open field test were used to assess changes in the behavioral spectrum after inescapable footshock stress. Rats in the stress group exhibited significant learned helpless and depression-like behaviors, while without any significant change in anxiety-like behaviors. Using multivariate and univariate statistical analysis, a total of 18 differential metabolites were identified after the footshock stress protocol. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis and MetaboAnalyst were applied for predicted pathways and biological functions analysis. "Amino Acid Metabolism, Molecule Transport, Small Molecule Biochemistry" was the most significantly altered network in the LH model. Amino acid metabolism, particularly glutamate metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, was significantly perturbed in the prefrontal cortex of LH rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juncai Pu
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lining Yang
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanping Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Wu Y, Fu Y, Rao C, Li W, Liang Z, Zhou C, Shen P, Cheng P, Zeng L, Zhu D, Zhao L, Xie P. Metabolomic analysis reveals metabolic disturbances in the prefrontal cortex of the lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse model of depression. Behav Brain Res 2016; 308:115-27. [PMID: 27102340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating illness. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of depression remain largely unknown. Increasing evidence supports that inflammatory cytokine disturbances may be associated with the pathophysiology of depression in humans. Systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been used to study inflammation-associated neurobehavioral changes in rodents, but no metabonomic study has been conducted to assess differential metabolites in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of a LPS-induced mouse model of depression. Here, we employed a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabonomic approach in the LPS-induced mouse model of depression to investigate any significant metabolic changes in the PFC. Multivariate statistical analysis, including principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA), and pair-wise orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), was implemented to identify differential PFC metabolites between LPS-induced depressed mice and healthy controls. A total of 20 differential metabolites were identified. Compared with control mice, LPS-treated mice were characterized by six lower level metabolites and 14 higher level metabolites. These molecular changes were closely related to perturbations in neurotransmitter metabolism, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism, which might be evolved in the pathogenesis of MDD. These findings provide insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying MDD and could be of valuable assistance in the clinical diagnosis of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuying Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chenglong Rao
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zihong Liang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010017,China
| | - Chanjuan Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peng Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402460, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing 400016, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Liu X, Guo H, Sayed MDS, Lu Y, Yang T, Zhou D, Chen Z, Wang H, Wang C, Xu J. cAMP/PKA/CREB/GLT1 signaling involved in the antidepressant-like effects of phosphodiesterase 4D inhibitor (GEBR-7b) in rats. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:219-27. [PMID: 26855578 PMCID: PMC4725689 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s90960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES GEBR-7b, a potential phosphodiesterase 4D inhibitor, has been shown to have memory-enhancing effects in rodents. However, it is still unknown whether GEBR-7b also has the antidepressant-like effects in rats. Herein, we examined the potential of GEBR-7b to attenuate depression-like behaviors in the rat model of depression induced by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). Next, we also investigated the alterations of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunit (PKAca), cAMP response element-binding (CREB), and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) levels produced by GEBR-7b in the rats model of depression. METHODS Effects of GEBR-7b on CUS (35 days)-induced depression-like behaviors were examined by measuring immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST). Hippocampal cAMP levels were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas PKAca, phosphorylation of CREB (pCREB), CREB, and GLT1 in the hippocampus of rats were subjected to Western blot analysis. RESULTS CUS exposure caused a depression-like behavior evidenced by the increased immobility time in FST. Depression-like behavior induced by CUS was accompanied by a significant increased GLT, decreased cAMP, PKAca, pCREB activities in hippocampus. However, repeated GEBR-7b administration significantly reversed CUS-induced depression-like behavior and changes of cAMP/PKA/CREB/GLT1 signaling. No alteration was observed in locomotor activity in open field test. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that GEBR-7b reversed the depression-like behaviors induced by CUS in rats, which is at least in part mediated by modulating cAMP, PKAca, pCREB, and GLT1 levels in the hippocampus of rats, supporting its neuroprotective potential against behavioral and biochemical dysfunctions induced by CUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibiao Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammad Daud Som Sayed
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongming Chen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Trevithick L, McAllister-Williams RH, Blamire A, Branton T, Clark R, Downey D, Dunn G, Easton A, Elliott R, Ellwell C, Hayden K, Holland F, Karim S, Lowe J, Loo C, Nair R, Oakley T, Prakash A, Sharma PK, Williams SR, Anderson IM. Study protocol for the randomised controlled trial: Ketamine augmentation of ECT to improve outcomes in depression (Ketamine-ECT study). BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:257. [PMID: 26489663 PMCID: PMC4618126 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a robust empirical evidence base supporting the acute efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for severe and treatment resistant depression. However, a major limitation, probably contributing to its declining use, is that ECT is associated with impairment in cognition, notably in anterograde and retrograde memory and executive function. Preclinical and preliminary human data suggests that ketamine, used either as the sole anaesthetic agent or in addition to other anaesthetics, may reduce or prevent cognitive impairment following ECT. A putative hypothesis is that ketamine, through antagonising glutamate receptors, protects from excess excitatory neurotransmitter stimulation during ECT. The primary aim of the ketamine-ECT study is to investigate whether adjunctive ketamine can attenuate the cognitive impairment caused by ECT. Its secondary aim is to examine if ketamine increases the speed of clinical improvement with ECT. METHODS/DESIGN The ketamine ECT study is a multi-site randomised, placebo-controlled, double blind trial. It was originally planned to recruit 160 moderately to severely depressed patients who had been clinically prescribed ECT. This recruitment target was subsequently revised to 100 patients due to recruitment difficulties. Patients will be randomly allocated on a 1:1 basis to receive either adjunctive ketamine or saline in addition to standard anaesthesia for ECT. The primary neuropsychological outcome measure is anterograde verbal memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised delayed recall task) after 4 ECT treatments. Secondary cognitive outcomes include verbal fluency, autobiographical memory, visuospatial memory and digit span. Efficacy is assessed using observer and self-report efficacy measures of depressive symptomatology. The effects of ECT and ketamine on cortical activity during cognitive tasks will be studied in a sub-sample using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). DISCUSSION The ketamine-ECT study aims to establish whether or not adjunctive ketamine used together with standard anaesthesia for ECT will significantly reduce the adverse cognitive effects observed after ECT. Potential efficacy benefits of increased speed of symptom improvement and a reduction in the number of ECT treatments required will also be assessed, as will safety and tolerability of adjunctive ketamine. This study will provide important evidence as to whether adjunctive ketamine is routinely indicated for ECT given for depression in routine NHS clinical practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials: ISRCTN14689382 (assigned 30/07/2012); EudraCT Number: 2011-005476-41.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Trevithick
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - R Hamish McAllister-Williams
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Andrew Blamire
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Tim Branton
- Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Leeds, UK.
| | - Ross Clark
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Darragh Downey
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Room G809, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Graham Dunn
- Biostatistics Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | | | - Rebecca Elliott
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Room G809, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Clare Ellwell
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, University College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Fiona Holland
- Biostatistics Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Salman Karim
- Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust/ The University of Manchester, Preston, UK.
| | - Jo Lowe
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Room G809, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Colleen Loo
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Rajesh Nair
- Tees, Esk and Wear Valley NTW NHS Foundation Trust, Darlington, UK.
| | - Timothy Oakley
- Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | | | | | - Stephen R Williams
- Imaging Science and Biomedical Imaging Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Ian M Anderson
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Room G809, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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Raudkivi K, Alttoa A, Leito I, Harro J. Differences in extracellular glutamate levels in striatum of rats with high and low exploratory activity. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:858-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Peng WF, Ding J, Li X, Fan F, Zhang QQ, Wang X. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR2B subunit involved in depression-like behaviours in lithium chloride-pilocarpine chronic rat epilepsy model. Epilepsy Res 2015; 119:77-85. [PMID: 26688426 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common comorbidity in patients with epilepsy with unclear mechanisms. This study is to explore the role of glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor NR1, NR2A and NR2B subunits in epilepsy-associated depression. Lithium chloride (Licl)-pilocarpine chronic rat epilepsy model was established and rats were divided into epilepsy with depression (EWD) and epilepsy without depression (EWND) subgroups based on forced swim test. Expression of NMDA receptor NR1, NR2A and NR2B subunits was measured by western blot and immunofluorescence methods. The immobility time (IMT) was significantly greater in Licl-pilocarpine model group than in Control group, which was also greater in EWD group than in EWND group. No differences of spontaneous recurrent seizure (SRS) counts over two weeks and latency were found between EWD and EWND groups. The number of NeuN positive cells was significantly less in Licl-pilocarpine model group than in Control group, but had no difference between EWD and EWND groups. The ratios of phosphorylated NR1 (p-NR1)/NR1 and p-NR2B/NR2B were significantly greater in the hippocampus in EWD group than in EWND group. Moreover, the expression of p-NR1 and p-NR2B in the CA1 subfield of hippocampus were both greater in Licl-pilocarpine model group than Control group. Selective blockage of NR2B subunit with ifenprodil could alleviate depression-like behaviours of Licl-pilocarpine rat epilepsy model. In conclusion, glutamate NMDA receptor NR2B subunit was involved in promoting depression-like behaviours in the Licl-pilocarpine chronic rat epilepsy model and might be a target for treating epilepsy-associated depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Feng Peng
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Emergency, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Metabolomic identification of biochemical changes induced by fluoxetine and imipramine in a chronic mild stress mouse model of depression. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8890. [PMID: 25749400 PMCID: PMC4352870 DOI: 10.1038/srep08890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics was applied to a C57BL/6N mouse model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CMS). Such mice were treated with two antidepressants from different categories: fluoxetine and imipramine. Metabolic profiling of the hippocampus was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis on samples prepared under optimized conditions, followed by principal component analysis, partial least squares-discriminant analysis, and pair-wise orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analyses. Body weight measurement and behavior tests including an open field test and the forced swimming test were completed with the mice as a measure of the phenotypes of depression and antidepressive effects. As a result, 23 metabolites that had been differentially expressed among the control, CMS, and antidepressant-treated groups demonstrated that amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, adenosine receptors, and neurotransmitters are commonly perturbed by drug treatment. Potential predictive markers for treatment effect were identified: myo-inositol for fluoxetine and lysine and oleic acid for imipramine. Collectively, the current study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of the antidepressant effects of two widely used medications.
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40
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Oh G, Wang SC, Pal M, Chen ZF, Khare T, Tochigi M, Ng C, Yang YA, Kwan A, Kaminsky ZA, Mill J, Gunasinghe C, Tackett JL, Gottesman II, Willemsen G, de Geus EJ, Vink JM, Slagboom PE, Wray NR, Heath AC, Montgomery GW, Turecki G, Martin NG, Boomsma DI, McGuffin P, Kustra R, Petronis A. DNA modification study of major depressive disorder: beyond locus-by-locus comparisons. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 77:246-255. [PMID: 25108803 PMCID: PMC4277915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibits numerous clinical and molecular features that are consistent with putative epigenetic misregulation. Despite growing interest in epigenetic studies of psychiatric diseases, the methodologies guiding such studies have not been well defined. METHODS We performed DNA modification analysis in white blood cells from monozygotic twins discordant for MDD, in brain prefrontal cortex, and germline (sperm) samples from affected individuals and control subjects (total N = 304) using 8.1K CpG island microarrays and fine mapping. In addition to the traditional locus-by-locus comparisons, we explored the potential of new analytical approaches in epigenomic studies. RESULTS In the microarray experiment, we detected a number of nominally significant DNA modification differences in MDD and validated selected targets using bisulfite pyrosequencing. Some MDD epigenetic changes, however, overlapped across brain, blood, and sperm more often than expected by chance. We also demonstrated that stratification for disease severity and age may increase the statistical power of epimutation detection. Finally, a series of new analytical approaches, such as DNA modification networks and machine-learning algorithms using binary and quantitative depression phenotypes, provided additional insights on the epigenetic contributions to MDD. CONCLUSIONS Mapping epigenetic differences in MDD (and other psychiatric diseases) is a complex task. However, combining traditional and innovative analytical strategies may lead to identification of disease-specific etiopathogenic epimutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Art Petronis
- Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan.
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Gao X, Sun P, Qiao M, Wei S, Xue L, Zhang H. Shu‑Yu capsule, a Traditional Chinese Medicine formulation, attenuates premenstrual syndrome depression induced by chronic stress constraint. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2942-8. [PMID: 25270424 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of the Shu-Yu capsule (SYC), a Traditional Chinese Medicine formulation, on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) depression and the ratio of glutamate (Glu) to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in a rat model of PMS depression. Rats were randomly divided into a control group, model group, fluoxetine group, SYC group and saikosaponins (SS) group. The therapeutic effect of SYC was evaluated using a sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT) and body mass following four days of treatment. Hippocampal extracellular fluid was collected by microdialysis and the levels of Glu and GABA in the microdialysate were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The results revealed that, compared with the control group, the sucrose preference coefficient (SC%), total score of OFT and body mass of the model group were significantly lower (P<0.01, P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). However, the sucrose preference coefficient, total score of OFT and body mass of the SYC group were all significantly increased compared with the model group (P<0.05). Furthermore, SYC inhibited the decrease of the Glu/GABA ratio in the hippocampus of rats with PMS depression. It was concluded that SYC effectively improved the symptoms of PMS depression, possibly by inhibiting the dysregulation of the Glu/GABA balance in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxiao Gao
- Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Mingqi Qiao
- Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Ling Xue
- Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
| | - Huiyun Zhang
- Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, P.R. China
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Cheng SY, Zhao YD, Li J, Chen XY, Wang RD, Zeng JW. Plasma levels of glutamate during stroke is associated with development of post-stroke depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 47:126-35. [PMID: 25001962 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a frequent mood disorder that affects around 33% of stroke patient. Our aim was to test the possible association between plasma glutamate and the development of post-stroke depression (PSD) in Chinese patients. METHODS The subjects were first-ever acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients who were hospitalized during the period from November 2011 to September 2013. Clinical information and stroke severity was collected at admission. Neurological and neuropsychological evaluations were conducted at the 3-month follow-up. Plasma glutamate levels were analyzed at baseline using liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and blood markers were also tested. Multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression models. RESULTS During the study period, 209 patients were included in the analysis. Seventy patients (33.5%) were diagnosed as having major depression at 3 month. Patients with major depression showed higher levels of plasma glutamate [299 (235-353) vs. 157 (108-206) μM, P<0.0001] and lower GOT [14 (11-20) vs. 21 (15-32)U/L, P<0.0001] at admission. In multivariate analyses, plasma glutamate and GOT were independent predictors of PSD at 3 months [odds ratio (OR): 1.03 (1.02-1.04), P<0.0001; 0.84 (0.75-0.97), P=0.003]. Plasma levels of glutamate >205 μM were independently associated with PSD (OR, 21.3; 95% CI, 8.28-67.36, P<0.0001), after adjustment for possible variables. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates a strong relationship between plasma glutamate and GOT levels at admission and the development of PSD within 3 months. Further studies are necessary to confirm this association, which may open the way to the proposal of new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Yu Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Xin Qiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Yan-Dong Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Xin Qiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Xin Qiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Ruo-Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Xin Qiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jun-Wei Zeng
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
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Guardiola-Lemaitre B, De Bodinat C, Delagrange P, Millan MJ, Munoz C, Mocaër E. Agomelatine: mechanism of action and pharmacological profile in relation to antidepressant properties. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:3604-19. [PMID: 24724693 PMCID: PMC4128060 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Agomelatine behaves both as a potent agonist at melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors and as a neutral antagonist at 5-HT2C receptors. Accumulating evidence in a broad range of experimental procedures supports the notion that the psychotropic effects of agomelatine are due to the synergy between its melatonergic and 5-hydroxytryptaminergic effects. The recent demonstration of the existence of heteromeric complexes of MT1 and MT2 with 5-HT2C receptors at the cellular level may explain how these two properties of agomelatine translate into a synergistic action that, for example, leads to increases in hippocampal proliferation, maturation and survival through modulation of multiple cellular pathways (increase in trophic factors, synaptic remodelling, glutamate signalling) and key targets (early genes, kinases). The present review focuses on the pharmacological properties of this novel antidepressant. Its mechanism of action, strikingly different from that of conventional classes of antidepressants, opens perspectives towards a better understanding of the physiopathological bases underlying depression.
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Concerto C, Lanza G, Cantone M, Pennisi M, Giordano D, Spampinato C, Ricceri R, Pennisi G, Aguglia E, Bella R. Different patterns of cortical excitability in major depression and vascular depression: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. BMC Psychiatry 2013; 13:300. [PMID: 24206945 PMCID: PMC4226249 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-13-300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and functional studies consider major depression (MD) and vascular depression (VD) as different neurobiological processes. Hypoexcitability of the left frontal cortex to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is frequently reported in MD, whereas little is known about the effects of TMS in VD. Thus, we aimed to assess and compare motor cortex excitability in patients with VD and MD. METHODS Eleven VD patients, 11 recurrent drug-resistant MD patients, and 11 healthy controls underwent clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging evaluations in addition to bilateral resting motor threshold, cortical silent period, and paired-pulse TMS curves of intracortical excitability. All patients continued on psychotropic drugs, which were unchanged throughout the study. RESULTS Scores on one of the tests evaluating frontal lobe abilities (Stroop Color-Word interference test) were worse in patients compared with controls. The resting motor threshold in patients with MD was significantly higher in the left hemisphere compared with the right (p < 0.05), and compared with the VD patients and controls. The cortical silent period was bilaterally prolonged in MD patients compared with VD patients and controls, with a statistically significant difference in the left hemisphere (p < 0.01). No differences were observed in the paired-pulse curves between patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS This study showed distinctive patterns of motor cortex excitability between late-onset depression with subcortical vascular disease and early-onset recurrent drug resistant MD. The data provide a TMS model of the different processes underlying VD and MD. Additionally, our results support the "Vascular depression hypothesis" at the neurophysiological level, and confirm the inter-hemispheric asymmetry to TMS in patients with MD. We were unable to support previous findings of impaired intracortical inhibitory mechanisms to TMS in patients with MD, although a drug-induced effect on our results cannot be excluded. This study may aid the understanding of the pathogenetic differences underlying the clinical spectrum of depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Concerto
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Department “G.F. Ingrassia”, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Mariagiovanna Cantone
- Department “G.F. Ingrassia”, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Manuela Pennisi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Daniela Giordano
- Department of Electrical, Electronics and Informatics Engineering, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Concetto Spampinato
- Department of Electrical, Electronics and Informatics Engineering, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ricceri
- Department “G.F. Ingrassia”, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pennisi
- Department “G.F. Ingrassia”, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Eugenio Aguglia
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Bella
- Department “G.F. Ingrassia”, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 78-95123 Catania, Italy
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Peng WF, Ding J, Mao LY, Li X, Liang L, Chen CZ, Cheng WZ, Fan W, Wang X. Increased ratio of glutamate/glutamine to creatine in the right hippocampus contributes to depressive symptoms in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2013; 29:144-9. [PMID: 23969202 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our study aimed to investigate whether the glutamatergic system in the hippocampus is correlated with depressive symptoms in patients with epilepsy. METHODS Fifty patients with epilepsy were recruited and divided into three groups on the basis of their Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores. Single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) was carried out. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to investigate any correlation between the variables of hippocampal metabolites and HAMD scores. RESULTS Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis showed that the ratio of glutamate/glutamine to creatine (Glx/Cr) in the right hippocampus was significantly increased in patients with moderate depression and correlated positively with HAMD scores. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the ratio of Glx/Cr in the right hippocampus was an independent risk factor relating to depressive symptoms in patients with epilepsy. CONCLUSION A disturbance of the hippocampal glutamatergic system may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Feng Peng
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Czéh B, Di Benedetto B. Antidepressants act directly on astrocytes: evidences and functional consequences. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:171-85. [PMID: 22609317 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Post-mortem histopathological studies report on reduced glial cell numbers in various frontolimbic areas of depressed patients implying that glial loss together with abnormal functioning could contribute to the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Astrocytes are regarded as the most abundant cell type in the brain and known for their housekeeping functions, but as recent developments suggest, they are also dynamic regulators of synaptogenesis, synaptic strength and stability and they control adult hippocampal neurogenesis. The primary aim of this review was to summarize the abundant experimental evidences demonstrating that antidepressant therapies have profound effect on astrocytes. Antidepressants modify astroglial physiology, morphology and by affecting gliogenesis they probably even regulate glial cell numbers. Antidepressants affect intracellular signaling pathways and gene expression of astrocytes, as well as the expression of receptors and the release of various trophic factors. We also assess the potential functional consequences of these changes on glutamate and glucose homeostasis and on synaptic communication between the neurons. We propose here a hypothesis that antidepressant treatment not only affects neurons, but also activates astrocytes, triggering them to carry out specific functions that result in the reactivation of cortical plasticity and can lead to the readjustment of abnormal neuronal networks. We argue here that these astrocyte specific changes are likely to contribute to the therapeutic effectiveness of the currently available antidepressant treatments and the better understanding of these cellular and molecular processes could help us to identify novel targets for the development of antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boldizsár Czéh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.
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Lebon S, Mayor-Dubois C, Popea I, Poloni C, Selvadoray N, Gumy A, Roulet-Perez E. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis mimicking a primary psychiatric disorder in an adolescent. J Child Neurol 2012; 27:1607-10. [PMID: 22408145 DOI: 10.1177/0883073812438099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor encephalitis likely has a wider clinical spectrum than previously recognized. This article reports a previously healthy 16-year-old girl who was diagnosed with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis 3 months after onset of severe depression with psychotic features. She had no neurological manifestations, and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was normal. Slow background on electroencephalogram and an oligoclonal band in the cerebrospinal fluid prompted the search for anti-NMDA receptor antibodies. She markedly improved over time but remained with mild neuropsychological sequelae after a trial of late immunotherapy. Only a high index of suspicion enables recognition of the milder forms of the disease masquerading as primary psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Lebon
- Department of Pediatric Medico-surgical, Pediatric Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Lyddon R, Navarrett S, Dracheva S. Ionotropic glutamate receptor mRNA editing in the prefrontal cortex: no alterations in schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2012; 37:267-72. [PMID: 22469055 PMCID: PMC3380098 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.110107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of glutamate neurotransmission has been implicated in the pathology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and one mechanism by which glutamate signalling can be altered is through RNA editing of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the editing status of iGluRs in the human prefrontal cortex, determine whether iGluR editing is associated with psychiatric disease or suicide and evaluate a potential association between editing and alternative splicing in the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA) iGluR subunits' pre-mRNA. METHODS We studied specimens derived from patients with antemortem diagnoses of bipolar disorder (n = 31) or schizophrenia (n = 34) who died by suicide or other causes, and from psychiatrically healthy controls (n = 34) who died from causes other than suicide. The RNA editing at all 8 editing sites within AMPA (GluA2-4 subunits) and kainate (GluK1-2 subunits) iGluRs was analyzed using a novel real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS No differences in editing were detected among schizophrenia, bipolar or control groups or between suicide completers and patients who died from causes other than suicide. The editing efficiency was significantly higher in the flop than in the flip splicoforms of GluA3-4 AMPA subunits (all p < 0.001). LIMITATIONS The study is limited by the near absence of specimens from medicationnaive psychiatric patients and considerable variation in medication regimens among individuals, both of which introduce considerable uncertainty into the analysis of potential medication effects. CONCLUSION We found that iGluR RNA editing status was not associated with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or suicide. Differences in editing between flip and flop splicoforms suggest that glutamate sensitivity of receptors containing GluA3 and/or GluA4 flop subunits is moderated as a result of increased editing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stella Dracheva
- Correspondence to: S. Dracheva, Psychiatry Research (4F-02), Bronx VA Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Rd., Bronx NY 10468;
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Mouillet-Richard S, Baudry A, Launay JM, Kellermann O. MicroRNAs and depression. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 46:272-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Menke A, Sämann P, Kloiber S, Czamara D, Lucae S, Hennings J, Heck A, Kohli MA, Czisch M, Müller-Myhsok B, Holsboer F, Binder EB. Polymorphisms within the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 gene are associated with depression phenotypes. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2012; 37:565-75. [PMID: 21962378 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glutamate has been implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders possibly by affecting the regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. Growing evidence suggests an important role of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGlu1) in depression-related phenotypes. To test whether these findings can also be supported by human genetics data, we explored polymorphisms within the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 gene (GRM1) for their association with unipolar depression (UPD) as well as with biological phenotypes of this disorder. METHODS We first tested the association of 43 tag-SNPs covering the GRM1 locus with UPD in 350 patients and 370 matched controls. We then investigated the effects of the associated SNPs on hippocampal glutamate levels estimated using ¹H-MR-spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) and on endocrine measures from the combined dexamethasone-suppression/CRH stimulation (dex/CRH) test. RESULTS Within the GRM1 locus, 22 SNPs showed nominally significant association with UPD, of which 6 withstood corrections for multiple testing (rs2268666 with best allelic p=7.0×10⁻⁵). Supportive evidence for an association with UPD was gained from a second independent sample with 904 patients and 1012 controls. Furthermore, patients homozygous for the non-risk genotypes showed reduced hippocampal glutamate levels as measured by ¹H-MRS, a more pronounced normalization of HPA-axis hyperactivity as well as a better antidepressant treatment outcome. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the combination of genetic and biological markers may allow to subgroup patients into etiopathogenetically more relevant subcategories which could guide clinicians in their antidepressant treatment choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Menke
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 10, D-80804 Munich, Germany.
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