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Naghsh N, Hosseini A, Mogharehabed A, Yaghini J, Pezeshki Z, Khaleghi N. A comparison of four decontamination procedures in Reusing healing abutments: An in vitro study. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:1141-1145. [PMID: 39176159 PMCID: PMC11338015 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to compare the effect of four decontamination methods on the level of residual contaminants in the re-usage of dental healing abutments. Materials and methods In this experimental study, 50 used healing abutments were divided into five groups of ten as follows: 1. Control group: healing abutments were submerged in the ultrasonic device then autoclaved at 121 °C for 15 min; 2. Hypochlorite group: Same procedure as the control group, but the healing abutments were additionally immersed in 3 % hypochlorite for 20 min; 3. Chlorhexidine group: Same procedure as the control group, but the healing abutments were additionally treated with 12 % chlorhexidine; 4. Air polishing group: Same procedure as the control group, but the healing abutments were subjected to air polishing; 5. Hydrogen peroxide group: Same procedure as the control group, but the healing abutments were additionally exposed to 3 % hydrogen peroxide. Then, all healing abutments were stained with a protein-specific stain, Phloxine B. Five photographs were taken of each healing abutment, with four capturing the body (shank)and one capturing the top. All images were analysed, to measure the stained (contaminated) areas of each sample. The obtained data were analysed using statistical software (significance set at p < 0.05). Results The one-way ANOVA test indicated that the average percentage of contamination residues on the occlusal surface did not show a significant difference among the five groups: control: 5.5 ± 2.8, sodium hypochlorite: 4.9 ± 2.5, Chlorhexidine: 5.3 ± 2.5, air polisher: 3.1 ± 1.8 and Hydrogen peroxide: 4.8 ± 3.1. (p = 0.26). The average percentage of residual contamination on the body surfaces (shank part) was significantly lower in the air polisher (1.7 ± 1.1) and sodium hypochlorite (2.4 ± 1.1) groups compared to the other three groups (Control: 6.1 ± 2.3, Hydrogen peroxide: 4.6 ± 0.7, Chlorhexidine: 5.4 ± 2.4) (p < 0.05). Conclusion The results of this study showed that the use of sodium hypochlorite and air polishing, alongside autoclaving and ultrasonic cleaning, effectively reduced residual contamination on the body surfaces of healing abutments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Naghsh
- Dental Implants Research Center, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arezoo Hosseini
- Dental Implants Research Center, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mogharehabed
- Dental Implants Research Center, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jaber Yaghini
- Dental Implants Research Center, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Pezeshki
- Dental Implants Research Center, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Niloofar Khaleghi
- Dental Implants Research Center, Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Roberto PFA, Luís HS, Oliveira SA. In vitro evaluation of surface roughness of titanium abutments after air polishing with different abrasive powders. Int J Dent Hyg 2024. [PMID: 38852151 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of air polishing with sodium bicarbonate and erythritol powders on surface roughness and morphological changes in titanium abutments. METHODS A total of 45 grade V titanium discs were divided in three groups: Group A (Control) air polished with air/water; Group B, air polished with sodium bicarbonate powder; and Group C, air polished with erythritol powder. After air polishing, the samples' roughness (Sa) in micrometres were analysed with an optical profilometer. The samples' surface morphology study was conducted via scanning electronic microscope (SEM). Data were described using mean and standard deviation of roughness values (Sa). Inferential analysis was performed using the ANOVA multiple comparison test followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Both tests used a 5% level of significance. RESULTS After air polishing, average roughness of group A, B and C were 0.036, 0.046 and 0.037 μm, respectively, with statistically significant differences between groups A and B (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between group A and group C, as well as between group B and C (p > 0.05). As for the morphology analysis, damages to the titanium surface were only observed in group B. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that air polishing with erythritol powder maintains titanium abutment integrity better than sodium bicarbonate, which increased surface roughness and caused damage. Erythritol is preferable for minimizing surface alterations and maintaining morphological stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Francisco Almeida Roberto
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Rede de Higienistas Orais para o Desenvolvimento da Ciência (RHODes), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Henrique Soares Luís
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Rede de Higienistas Orais para o Desenvolvimento da Ciência (RHODes), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Inovação em Tecnologias e Cuidados da Saúde (ciTechCare), Politécnico de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Sofia Arantes Oliveira
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Pujarern P, Klaophimai A, Amornsettachai P, Panyayong W, Chuenjitkuntaworn B, Rokaya D, Suphangul S. Efficacy of Biofilm Removal on the Dental Implant Surface by Sodium Bicarbonate and Erythritol Powder Airflow System. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 38555648 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1779424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peri-implantitis is a common complication in implant therapy and it is one of the main contributing factors to implant failure. This can be prevented by regular maintenance with mechanical debridement. One of the recent mechanical debridement methods is air abrasion therapy using different abrasive powders. This study aimed to evaluate the two common abrasive powders of different sizes (sodium bicarbonate and erythritol) for their biofilm cleaning efficacy on dental implant surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS In an in vitro setting, a total of 33 implants were divided into three groups: Group 1 (n =11) = no treatment; group 2 (n = 11) = air abrasion therapy treated group using a sodium bicarbonate powder (AIRFLOW Powder Classic Comfort, EMS Electro Medical Systems, Nyon, Switzerland); and group 3 (n = 11) = air abrasion therapy treated group using an erythritol powder (AIRFLOW Powder Plus, EMS Electro Medical Systems, Nyon, Switzerland). The implants in each group were subjected to biofilm formation, and group 2 and group 3 were treated with air abrasion therapy of two different powders having different sizes with the same settings. The particle sizes were sodium bicarbonate (40 µm) and erythritol (14µm). The surface characteristics of the dental implants in three groups were studied from a digital camera and under the scanning electron microscope at different magnifications. The comparison of biofilm-removal efficacy between the three groups was performed by using a one-way analysis of variance with post-hoc Dunnett's T3 test. A p-value less than 0.05 was chosen to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS There were no statistical differences (p > 0.05) between the two powder-treated groups for the biofilm cleaning efficacy. However, both groups showed significantly better biofilm-cleaning efficacy than the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This suggests that both powders are effective in removing biofilm from the implant surface under ideal conditions. However, there was no clear distinction between the cleaning potential of the two powders, as both performed in a similar manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patr Pujarern
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arthit Klaophimai
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parinya Amornsettachai
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Woraphong Panyayong
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Dinesh Rokaya
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Suphachai Suphangul
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Hart I, Wells C, Tsigarida A, Bezerra B. Effectiveness of mechanical and chemical decontamination methods for the treatment of dental implant surfaces affected by peri-implantitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Dent Res 2024; 10:e839. [PMID: 38345466 PMCID: PMC10847712 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess which decontamination method(s) used for the debridement of titanium surfaces (disks and dental implants) contaminated with bacterial, most efficiently eliminate bacterial biofilms. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic search was conducted in four electronic databases between January 1, 2010 and October 31, 2022. The search strategy followed the PICOS format and included only in vitro studies completed on either dental implant or titanium disk samples. The assessed outcome variable consisted of the most effective method(s)-chemical or mechanical- removing bacterial biofilm from titanium surfaces. A meta-analysis was conducted, and data was summarized through single- and multi-level random effects model (p < .05). RESULTS The initial search resulted in 5260 articles after the removal of duplicates. After assessment by title, abstract, and full-text review, a total of 13 articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. Different decontamination methods were assessed, including both mechanical and chemical, with the most common method across studies being chlorhexidine (CHX). Significant heterogeneity was noted across the included studies. The meta-analyses only identified a significant difference in biofilm reduction when CHX treatment was compared against PBS. The remaining comparisons did not identify significant differences between the various decontamination methods. CONCLUSIONS The present results do not demonstrate that one method of decontamination is superior in eliminating bacterial biofilm from titanium disk and implant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Hart
- Department of Periodontology, Eastman Institute for Oral HealthUniversity of RochesterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Christine Wells
- Statistical Methods and Data AnalyticsUCLA Office of Advanced Research ComputingLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alexandra Tsigarida
- Department of Periodontology, Eastman Institute for Oral HealthUniversity of RochesterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Beatriz Bezerra
- Section of Periodontics, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive SciencesUCLA School of DentistryLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Lang LK, Karl M, Klär V. Evaluation of different debridement strategies for implant-abutment connections: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:738.e1-738.e8. [PMID: 37739883 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Technical complications, including abutment fracture, are a clinical reality. After retrieving failed components, re-establishing a reliable implant-abutment connection is essential, but recommendations on how to clean the interface are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate different clinical debridement strategies for removing titanium powder from an implant-abutment interface with regard to their efficacy and associated risk of damaging the interface. MATERIAL AND METHODS Specimens (n=5) were assembled from previously cut implant halves, which were then contaminated by placing titanium powder inside the implant-abutment connection. Activated rinsing, airflow, and an ultrasound scaler, as well as combinations thereof, were then used to clean the implant-abutment connections. Both parts of each specimen were rated under a light microscope with respect to contamination and damage. In addition, abutments were placed in intact implants (n=10), which had previously been contaminated and cleaned, to record torque curves and abutment stability. Statistical analysis of ratings was based on Kruskal-Wallis tests and the Nemenyi All Pairs test with single-step P value correction, while abutment stability and torque were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey HSD tests (α=.05). RESULTS Erythritol as an abrasive medium led to significantly greater contamination than the scaler (P=.002), activated rinsing (P=.021), and airflow with sodium bicarbonate combined with either conventional (P=.002) or activated rinsing (P=.007). Greater damage was also observed with erythritol because of accumulations of the abrasive media, while scratches were seen after scaler application. Airflow using sodium bicarbonate in combination with activated rinsing showed the lowest level of damage (versus scaler P=.030). Using conventional (P=.010) or activated (P=.029) rinsing, airflow treatment led to a significant reduction in contamination. The scaler led to a significant decrease in abutment stability (P=.048), while activated rinsing and the combination of airflow and activated rinsing did not significantly affect abutment stability. Abutments placed in implants previously contaminated and cleaned required greater torque as compared with original implants (versus activated rinsing, P=.009). CONCLUSIONS Activated rinsing constituted the best technique for cleaning implant-abutment connections. Cleaning efficiency can be enhanced with airflow using sodium bicarbonate as an abrasive medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly K Lang
- Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias Karl
- Professor and Director, Department of Prosthodontics, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Virgilia Klär
- Research Associate, Department of Prosthodontics, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany..
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Lin W, Gao Y, Chen S, Yang Y, Ye W, Tran D, Bergeron BE, Tay FR, Ma J. A facile method for rejuvenating the bonding efficacy of root canal sealer-smeared dentine. J Dent 2023; 136:104591. [PMID: 37356560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the efficacy of glycine powder air-polishing on cleaning root canal sealer-smeared dentine. METHODS Dentine surfaces were contaminated with a smear of epoxy resin-based sealer or tricalcium silicate-based sealer. The contaminated surfaces were cleaned with saline, 75% ethanol, or air-polishing with glycine powder. Uncontaminated dentine was used as the control. The cleanliness of pulpal floor dentine was examined using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The effectiveness of the three cleaning protocols was examined by testing the tensile bond strength of a self-etching adhesive to the decontaminated dentine. Resin infiltration into the dentinal tubules was identified using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). RESULTS Morphological examination and elemental analysis indicated that glycine powder air-polishing was more effective in removing the two sealers. Tensile bond strength of adhesive-bonded dentine was significantly reduced when either sealer was cleaned with saline or ethanol. Conversely, air-polishing restored the adhesive strength of the sealer-smeared dentine to the level of the control. Longer and denser resin tags were identified with CLSM when sealers were removed with air-polishing. CONCLUSIONS Air-polishing with glycine powder was effective in cleaning sealer-smeared dentine, as demonstrated by the rejuvenation of the tensile bond strength of a self-etching adhesive to the decontaminated dentine. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Glycine powder air-polishing improves the cleanliness of root canal sealer-smeared dentine and rejuvenates adhesive bonding effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Surong Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Weihu Ye
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Diana Tran
- Department of Endodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Brian E Bergeron
- Department of Endodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Franklin R Tay
- Department of Endodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jingzhi Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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Matthes R, Jablonowski L, Pitchika V, Holtfreter B, Eberhard C, Seifert L, Gerling T, Vilardell Scholten L, Schlüter R, Kocher T. Efficiency of biofilm removal by combination of water jet and cold plasma: an in-vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:157. [PMID: 35524324 PMCID: PMC9074283 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peri-implantitis therapy is a major problem in implantology. Because of challenging rough implant surface and implant geometry, microorganisms can hide and survive in implant microstructures and impede debridement. We developed a new water jet (WJ) device and a new cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) device to overcome these problems and investigated aspects of efficacy in vitro and safety with the aim to create the prerequisites for a clinical pilot study with these medical devices. Methods We compared the efficiency of a single treatment with a WJ or curette and cotton swab (CC) without or with adjunctive use of CAP (WJ + CAP, CC + CAP) to remove biofilm in vitro from rough titanium discs. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by measuring turbidity up to 72 h for bacterial re-growth or spreading of osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) after 5 days with scanning electron microscopy. With respect to application safety, the WJ and CAP instruments were examined according to basic regulations for medical devices. Results After 96 h of incubation all WJ and CC treated disks were turbid but 67% of WJ + CAP and 46% CC + CAP treated specimens were still clear. The increase in turbidity after WJ treatment was delayed by about 20 h compared to CC treatment. In combination with CAP the cell coverage significantly increased to 82% (WJ + CAP) or 72% (CC + CAP), compared to single treatment 11% (WJ) or 10% (CC). Conclusion The newly developed water jet device effectively removes biofilm from rough titanium surfaces in vitro and, in combination with the new CAP device, biologically acceptable surfaces allow osteoblasts to grow. WJ in combination with CAP leads to cleaner surfaces than the usage of curette and cotton swabs with or without subsequent plasma treatment. Our next step will be a clinical pilot study with these new devices to assess the clinical healing process. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02195-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger Matthes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lukasz Jablonowski
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vinay Pitchika
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Leo Seifert
- Sirona Dental Systems GmbH, Bensheim, Germany
| | - Torsten Gerling
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Laura Vilardell Scholten
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rabea Schlüter
- Imaging Center of the Department of Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Pedodontics, Dental School, University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstr. 42, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
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Sato H, Ishihata H, Kameyama Y, Shimpo R, Komasa S. Professional Mechanical Tooth Cleaning Method for Dental Implant Surface by Agar Particle Blasting. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226805. [PMID: 34832206 PMCID: PMC8622555 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oral dysfunction due to peri-implantitis and shortened life of implants has become a major concern. Self-care and removal of oral biofilms by professional mechanical tooth cleaning (PMTC) are indispensable for its prevention. However, if the surface roughness of the implant is increased, it may result in the adhesion of biofilm in the oral cavity. Therefore, the PMTC method can serve for long-term implant management. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) has been used as a cleaning method for implant surfaces; however, there is concern that the implant surface roughness could increase due to particle collision. Therefore, in this study, to establish a blasting cleaning method that does not adversely affect the implant surface, a new blasting cleaning method using agar particles was devised and its practical application examined. When the simulated stains were blasted with white alumina (WA) abrasive grains and CaCO3 particles, the simulated stains were almost removed, the surface roughness changed to a satin-finished surface—which was thought to be due to fine scratches—and the surface roughness increased. Most of the simulated stains were removed on the surface of the sample blasted with glycine particles and agar particles. Conversely, the gloss of the sample surface was maintained after cleaning, and the increase in surface roughness was slight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Sato
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamadutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Hiroshi Ishihata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
| | - Yutaka Kameyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamadutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Ryokichi Shimpo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamadutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Satoshi Komasa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-864-3084; Fax: +81-72-864-3184
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Leung K, Bi J, Giannelis G, Owen G, Larjava H. Decontamination of multispecies oral biofilm from rough implant surface by airflow with glycine. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 8:322-328. [PMID: 34704380 PMCID: PMC8874088 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Decontamination of biofilm‐colonized rough implant surfaces remains challenging. We investigated the effect of airflow with glycine powder (AFG) on decontamination of mature oral multispecies biofilm from a sandblasted and acid etched (SLA) titanium surface. Materials and Methods Subgingival dental plaque was cultured on SLA disks anaerobically for 21 days. AFG with various settings and distances was applied directly on the disks with or without previous rinse of 0.9% NaCl. The specimens were then analyzed through scanning electron microscope and remaining bacteria on the implant surface were quantified and statistically compared. Results Mature oral biofilm with cocci and rods as major morphotypes, as well as spiral‐ and filamentous‐shaped organisms, was formed on the untreated disks. Saline rinsing removed the thick biofilm layer but left numerous of coccoid bacteria in rough surface pits. AFG effectively removed most of the bacteria from the pits. Both 25% and 50% power settings were equally effective at 3‐mm distance. With 50% power, AFG successfully removed bacteria at both 3‐ and 6‐mm distance. When AFG was applied on native biofilm without prior rinsing with saline, it effectively removed the biofilm including bacteria in the pits. Conclusion Application of AFG appears effective in removing bacteria from rough implant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Leung
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Jiarui Bi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Georgios Giannelis
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Gethin Owen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Hannu Larjava
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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10
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Dhaliwal JS, Abd Rahman NA, Ming LC, Dhaliwal SKS, Knights J, Albuquerque Junior RF. Microbial Biofilm Decontamination on Dental Implant Surfaces: A Mini Review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:736186. [PMID: 34692562 PMCID: PMC8531646 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.736186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction After insertion into the bone, implants osseointegrate, which is required for their long-term success. However, inflammation and infection around the implants may lead to implant failure leading to peri-implantitis and loss of supporting bone, which may eventually lead to failure of implant. Surface chemistry of the implant and lack of cleanliness on the part of the patient are related to peri-implantitis. The only way to get rid of this infection is decontamination of dental implants. Objective This systematic review intended to study decontamination of microbial biofilm methods on titanium implant surfaces used in dentistry. Methods The electronic databases Springer Link, Science Direct, and PubMed were explored from their inception until December 2020 to identify relevant studies. Studies included had to evaluate the efficiency of new strategies either to prevent formation of biofilm or to treat matured biofilm on dental implant surfaces. Results and Discussion In this systematic review, 17 different groups of decontamination methods were summarized from 116 studies. The decontamination methods included coating materials, mechanical cleaning, laser treatment, photodynamic therapy, air polishing, anodizing treatment, radiation, sonication, thermal treatment, ultrasound treatment, chemical treatment, electrochemical treatment, antimicrobial drugs, argon treatment, and probiotics. Conclusion The findings suggest that most of the decontamination methods were effective in preventing the formation of biofilm and in decontaminating established biofilm on dental implants. This narrative review provides a summary of methods for future research in the development of new dental implants and decontamination techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagjit Singh Dhaliwal
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei, Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Nurul Adhwa Abd Rahman
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei, Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei, Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Sachinjeet Kaur Sodhi Dhaliwal
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei, Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Joe Knights
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei, Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
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11
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Amate-Fernández P, Figueiredo R, Blanc V, Àlvarez G, León R, Valmaseda-Castellón E. Erythritol-enriched powder and oral biofilm regrowth on dental implants: an in vitro study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2021; 26:e602-e610. [PMID: 33772566 PMCID: PMC8412445 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.24622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis are the main biological complications associated with dental implants. Since most authors agree that bacteria play a major etiological role, the main aims of this study were to determine if a formulation of erythritol and chlorhexidine applied with an air polishing system inhibits biofilm regrowth over dental implants and to compare the decontamination capacity of this therapy with that of mechanical removal by saline and gauze. Material and Methods A multispecies biofilm (P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum, A. naeslundii, V. parvula and S. oralis) was grown for 14 days on 52 dental implants in an artificial mouth. These implants were divided into three groups according to the applied treatment: 14 negative control (CON), 19 erythritol-chlorhexidine (ERY) and 19 gauze with saline (GAU) samples. Twelve dental implants from the ERY and GAU groups and 8 implants from the CON group were re-incubated for 7 additional days after treatment. The bacterial count was performed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using propidium monoazide (PMA). A descriptive and bivariate analysis of the data was performed. Results The erythritol and chlorhexidine formulation significantly inhibited biofilm regrowth in comparison with the mechanical treatment (GAU), since a significant decrease in all the species was observed in the ERY group (except for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans). The antibiofilm and antibacterial capacity of the two active treatment groups (ERY and GAU) was similar for a 14 days multispecies in vitro biofilm, except for the lower count of A. naeslundii in the GAU group. Conclusions The use of erythritol powder with chlorhexidine applied with an air polishing system reduces biofilm regrowth over dental implants when compared with mechanical removal by saline and gauze. This effect might be beneficial for patients included in peri-implant maintenance programs. Key words:Dental implants, biofilms, peri-implantitis, erythritol, chlorhexidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Amate-Fernández
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona Campus de Bellvitge UB, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Odontologia C/ Feixa Llarga, s/n, Pavelló Govern, 2a planta, Despatx 2.9 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Di Tinco R, Bertani G, Pisciotta A, Bertoni L, Bertacchini J, Colombari B, Conserva E, Blasi E, Consolo U, Carnevale G. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effect of Air-Polishing Treatments and Their Influence on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Seeded on Titanium Disks. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020865. [PMID: 33467097 PMCID: PMC7830275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental implants are one of the most frequently used treatment options for tooth replacement, and titanium is the metal of choice due to its demonstrated superiority in resisting corrosion, lack of allergic reactions and mechanical strength. Surface roughness of titanium implants favors the osseointegration process; nevertheless, its topography may provide a suitable substrate for bacterial biofilm deposition, causing peri-implantitis and leading to implant failure. Subgingival prophylaxis treatments with cleansing powders aimed to remove the bacterial accumulation are under investigation. Two different air-polishing powders—glycine and tagatose—were assayed for their cleaning and antimicrobial potential against a Pseudomonas biofilm and for their effects on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), seeded on sandblasted titanium disks. Immunofluorescence analyses were carried out to evaluate cell adhesion, proliferation, stemness and osteogenic differentiation. The results demonstrate that both the powders have a great in vitro cleaning potential in the early period and do not show any negative effects during hDPSCs osteogenic differentiation process, suggesting their suitability for enhancing the biocompatibility of titanium implants. Our data suggest that the evaluated cleansing systems reduce microbial contamination and allow us to propose tagatose as an adequate alternative to the gold standard glycine for the air-polishing prophylaxis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Di Tinco
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.D.T.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (J.B.); (B.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (U.C.)
| | - Giulia Bertani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.D.T.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (J.B.); (B.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (U.C.)
| | - Alessandra Pisciotta
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.D.T.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (J.B.); (B.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (U.C.)
| | - Laura Bertoni
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.D.T.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (J.B.); (B.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (U.C.)
| | - Jessika Bertacchini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.D.T.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (J.B.); (B.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (U.C.)
| | - Bruna Colombari
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.D.T.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (J.B.); (B.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (U.C.)
| | - Enrico Conserva
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.D.T.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (J.B.); (B.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (U.C.)
- Operative Unit of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department Integrated Activity-Specialist Surgeries, University-Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Blasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.D.T.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (J.B.); (B.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (U.C.)
| | - Ugo Consolo
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.D.T.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (J.B.); (B.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (U.C.)
- Operative Unit of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department Integrated Activity-Specialist Surgeries, University-Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.D.T.); (G.B.); (A.P.); (L.B.); (J.B.); (B.C.); (E.C.); (E.B.); (U.C.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Ozkan Karaca E, Tunar OL. In vitro evaluation of surface cleaning methods in two different implant defect angulations: a pilot study. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1905063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Ozkan Karaca
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ogul Leman Tunar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Hui WL, Ipe D, Perrotti V, Piattelli A, Fang Z, Ostrikov K, Quaranta A. Novel technique using cold atmospheric plasma coupled with air-polishing for the treatment of titanium discs grown with biofilm: An in-vitro study. Dent Mater 2020; 37:359-369. [PMID: 33358017 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to assess the decontamination efficacy and titanium surface alterations of erythritol based air abrasion (AA) and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) targeting a human complex biofilm. METHODS Saliva collected from a peri-implantitis patient was used to develop in vitro human biofilm over titanium discs with machined (group A) and moderately rough (group B) surface. The discs were treated with AA, experimental CAP or a combination of both treatments (COM). The amount of biofilm on the discs was measured by crystal violet (CV). Surface features and roughness before and after treatment were assessed by SEM and laser profilometry, respectively. The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal Wallis followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test after being checked for normality by Shapiro-Wilk test. RESULTS All the discs in group A performed better to treatments compared to group B. In both groups, CV data showed significantly lower amount of biofilm after AA treatment compared to CAP (p<0.05). Cleaning efficacy revealed relevant decontamination of both the surfaces following AA and COM treatments and almost complete biofilm removal after AA application on group A (99.92%). SEM analysis demonstrated no post-treatment alterations on the discs and laser profilometry did not show statistically significant changes in Sa and Sdr values. SIGNIFICANCE Decontamination with AA delivering erythritol with or without CAP is highly effective in biofilm removal from different titanium surfaces. All the tested treatments, including CAP showed no noticeable alterations of the titanium discs surface features. Further in vivo studies are necessary to understand the potential of CAP technology in implant surface decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Lai Hui
- Private Practice, Smile Specialists Suite, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Deepak Ipe
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vittoria Perrotti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Zhi Fang
- College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kostya Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Alessandro Quaranta
- Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Smile Specialists Suite, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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15
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In vitro surgical and non-surgical air-polishing efficacy for implant surface decontamination in three different defect configurations. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1743-1754. [PMID: 32813077 PMCID: PMC7966646 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Evaluation of surgical and non-surgical air-polishing in vitro efficacy for implant surface decontamination. Material and methods One hundred eighty implants were distributed to three differently angulated bone defect models (30°, 60°, 90°). Biofilm was imitated using indelible red color. Sixty implants were used for each defect, 20 of which were air-polished with three different types of glycine air powder abrasion (GAPA1–3) combinations. Within 20 equally air-polished implants, a surgical and non-surgical (with/without mucosa mask) procedure were simulated. All implants were photographed to determine the uncleaned surface. Changes in surface morphology were assessed using scanning electron micrographs (SEM). Results Cleaning efficacy did not show any significant differences between GAPA1–3 for surgical and non-surgical application. Within a cleaning method significant (p < 0.001) differences for GAPA2 between 30° (11.77 ± 2.73%) and 90° (7.25 ± 1.42%) in the non-surgical and 30° (8.26 ± 1.02%) and 60° (5.02 ± 0.84%) in the surgical simulation occurred. The surgical use of air-polishing (6.68 ± 1.66%) was significantly superior (p < 0.001) to the non-surgical (10.13 ± 2.75%). SEM micrographs showed no surface damages after use of GAPA. Conclusions Air-polishing is an efficient, surface protective method for surgical and non-surgical implant surface decontamination in this in vitro model. No method resulted in a complete cleaning of the implant surface. Clinical relevance Air-polishing appears to be promising for implant surface decontamination regardless of the device.
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16
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Lollobrigida M, Fortunato L, Serafini G, Mazzucchi G, Bozzuto G, Molinari A, Serra E, Menchini F, Vozza I, De Biase A. The Prevention of Implant Surface Alterations in the Treatment of Peri-Implantitis: Comparison of Three Different Mechanical and Physical Treatments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082624. [PMID: 32290450 PMCID: PMC7215863 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The surgical treatment of peri-implantitis is currently based on the removal of biofilms from the implant surface by primary means of mechanical and physical treatments. However, such approaches often determine some alterations of the implant surface with detrimental effects on re-osseointegration. This study aims to evaluate the effects of four different mechanical and physical treatments on titanium samples with moderately rough surface. Air powder abrasion (AP) with glycine powder, a titanium brush (TB) and a diode laser at 3 W (L3) and 4 W (L4) were tested. Surface morphology, roughness and chemical composition were then assessed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), white light interferometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The microscopic analysis revealed significant alterations in surface morphology on TB samples, while AP and L3 had only a minor or null impact. L4 samples revealed signs of overheating due to the excessive power. Nevertheless, the overall roughness of the samples was not significantly altered in terms of roughness parameters. Similarly, surface chemical composition was not significantly affected by the treatments. Among the treatments tested in this study, air powder abrasion with glycine powder and 3 W diode laser had the lowest impact on surface physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lollobrigida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Lorenzo Fortunato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Serafini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzucchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bozzuto
- National Centre of Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy (A.M.)
| | - Agnese Molinari
- National Centre of Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy (A.M.)
| | - Emanuele Serra
- Sustainability Department, ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Menchini
- Energy Technology Department, ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Iole Vozza
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto De Biase
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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17
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Matsubara VH, Leong BW, Leong MJL, Lawrence Z, Becker T, Quaranta A. Cleaning potential of different air abrasive powders and their impact on implant surface roughness. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2019; 22:96-104. [PMID: 31837107 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implant surface roughness after air abrasive therapy has not been measured precisely in previous research. Debridement with air abrasion facilitates the mechanical removal of bacterial biofilms but may damage implant surfaces on a microscopic level. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the cleaning potential of various air abrasive powders and their effect on titanium implant surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty implants coated with red ink were inserted into three-dimensional printed circumferential bone defect models. Treatment was completed with three types of air abrasive powders: sodium bicarbonate (SB), glycine, and erythritol for 60 seconds. Water alone was used as control. The percentage of remaining ink was assessed using digital photography and graphic software. Implant surface topography/roughness was quantified using optical profilometry and examined via scanning electron microscopy. The microscopic analysis was performed at two implant areas: collar (Laser-Lok surface) and threads. RESULTS The cleaned surfaces (%, mean ± SD) after treatment with SB, glycine, and erythritol accounted for 49.3 ± 3.6%, 33.1 ± 1.2%, and 25.1 ± 0.7%, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found between all groups (P < .001). SB was the only powder that significantly increased the implant roughness (Sa ) on both the implant collar (1.53-2.10 μm) and threads (3.53-4.20 μm). Regardless of the abrasive powder used, the collar, emerging implant surfaces from the defect base, and surfaces beneath implants threads exhibited more post-treatment residual ink. CONCLUSION Large-sized powder showed the greatest cleaning capacity, but caused more alterations to the implant surface. Glycine and erythritol displayed no significant changes in surface roughness, however, demonstrated a limited ink removal capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H Matsubara
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Dental School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bron W Leong
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Dental School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marcus J L Leong
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Dental School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Zacharij Lawrence
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Dental School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas Becker
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alessandro Quaranta
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Huang YS, Hung CY, Huang HH. Surface changes and bacterial adhesion on implant abutment materials after various clinical cleaning procedures. J Chin Med Assoc 2019; 82:643-650. [PMID: 31305347 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supportive treatments are essential to long-term dental implant success; however, professional cleaning procedures may alter the surfaces of implant abutments and lead to adverse biological responses. This study aimed to evaluate four clinically used cleaning procedures by examining surface changes and subsequent bacterial adhesion on abutment materials. METHODS Discs of titanium and zirconia were polished and divided into five groups: titanium curette treatment, carbon fiber reinforced plastic curette treatment, ultrasonic scaling with carbon fiber tip treatment, air polishing with glycine powder, and control group without any treatment. After instrumentation, the arithmetical mean roughness (Ra), hydrophilicity, and surface free energy were recorded. The bacterial adhesion was evaluated after 1 h of Streptococcus mitis incubation by optical microscope and quantified by turbidity test. RESULTS Among the titanium samples, titanium curette treatment group showed significant surface morphology changes, increased Ra, hydrophilicity, surface free energy, and higher optical density of adhered bacteria. As for the zirconia samples, the differences in surface morphology, Ra, and bacterial adhesion between groups were nonsignificant. CONCLUSION Comparing to titanium, zirconia was less susceptible to surface changes after tested cleaning procedures. Titanium curette should be used with care on titanium abutments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Huang
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, I-Lan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Yuan Hung
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, I-Lan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Her-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Biazussi BR, Perrotti V, D'Arcangelo C, Elias CN, Bianchini MA, Tumedei M, de Vasconcellos DK. Evaluation of the Effect of Air Polishing With Different Abrasive Powders on the Roughness of Implant Abutment Surface: An In Vitro Study. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2019; 45:202-206. [DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-18-00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of air polishing on the implant abutment surface using different abrasive powders: sodium bicarbonate and amino acid glycine. Fifteen grade III machined surface titanium disks with 8-mm diameter and 2-mm thickness were divided in 3 groups of 5 samples each and subjected to air polishing for 20 seconds with an Ultrajet Flex air-abrasive device and a distinct prophylaxis protocol: air and water (G1); air, water, and sodium bicarbonate (G2); and air, water; and amino acid glycine (G3). After the air polishing, the average roughness (Ra) of the samples was measured using an optical profilometer, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed. We found that G1 and G3 had similar Ra, while Ra values for G2 were significantly higher. This study demonstrated that air-polishing powders containing glycine had less of an effect on the roughness of the surface of titanium disks compared with sodium bicarbonate powders. Future in vivo studies will be conducted to investigate the clinical relevance of the present results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rosa Biazussi
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Florianópolis, Sants Catarina, Brazil
| | - Vittoria Perrotti
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Camillo D'Arcangelo
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Marco Aurelio Bianchini
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Florianópolis, Sants Catarina, Brazil
| | - Margherita Tumedei
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Diego Klee de Vasconcellos
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Florianópolis, Sants Catarina, Brazil
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Moharrami M, Perrotti V, Iaculli F, Love RM, Quaranta A. Effects of air abrasive decontamination on titanium surfaces: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2019; 21:398-421. [PMID: 30838790 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air abrasion (AA) is one of the decontamination methods that have demonstrated promising results in treating peri-implant diseases. PURPOSE This systematic review aimed at evaluating the in vitro effect of AA on surface change, cleaning efficacy, and biocompatibility of titanium surfaces and at comparing it with other decontamination methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted up to April 2018 using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to identify studies on the decontamination effect of AA. All types of titanium surfaces, abrasive powders, contaminated surfaces, and measuring methods were included. RESULTS Overall, 1502 articles were identified. After screening the titles and abstracts, and carefully reading the full-texts, 48 articles published between 1989 and 2018 were selected. AA was considered almost safe, particularly for the nonmodified surfaces. Nevertheless, harder powders such as sodium bicarbonate tended to damage the surface more than glycine. AA resulted in surface change similar to plastic curettes and Er: YAG lasers. Regarding the cleaning efficacy, there was no significant difference between glycine and sodium bicarbonate, but different mixtures of calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, and erythritol were superior to glycine. AA was superior or equal to all other decontamination methods in cleaning. Regarding biocompatibility, AA was more successful in preserving biocompatibility for noncontaminated surfaces compared with contaminated surfaces and when used with erythritol and osteoinductive powders. CONCLUSIONS AA can efficiently remove contamination without serious damage to the surface. The main drawback of the AA method seems to be its limitation in restoring the biocompatibility of the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vittoria Perrotti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Flavia Iaculli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Robert M Love
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alessandro Quaranta
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Biofilm Removal and Bacterial Re-Colonization Inhibition of a Novel Erythritol/Chlorhexidine Air-Polishing Powder on Titanium Disks. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11091510. [PMID: 30142888 PMCID: PMC6164901 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Air-polishing with low abrasiveness powders is fast arising as a valid and mini-invasive instrument for the management of biofilm colonizing dental implants. In general, the reported advantage is the efficient removal of plaque with respect to the titanium integrity. In the present study, we evaluated the in situ plaque removal and the preventive efficacy in forestalling further infection of an innovative erythritol/chlorhexidine air-polishing powder and compared it with sodium bicarbonate. Accordingly, two peri-implantitis-linked biofilm formers, strains Staphylococcus aureus and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, were selected and used to infect titanium disks before and after the air-polishing treatment to test its ability in biofilm removal and re-colonization inhibition, respectively. Biofilm cell numbers and viability were assayed by colony-forming unit (CFU) count and metabolic-colorimetric (2,3-Bis-(2-Methoxy-4-Nitro-5-Sulfophenyl)-2H-Tetrazolium-5-Carboxanilide) (XTT) assay. Results demonstrated that air-polishing performed with either sodium bicarbonate or erythritol/chlorhexidine was effective in reducing bacteria biofilm viability and number on pre-infected specimens, thus showing a similar ability in counteracting existing infection in situ; on the other hand, when air-polished pre-treated disks were infected, only erythritol/chlorhexidine powder showed higher post-treatment biofilm re-growth inhibition. Finally, surface analysis via mechanical profilometry failed to show an increase in titanium roughness, regardless of the powder selected, thus excluding any possible surface damage due to the use of either sodium bicarbonate or erythritol/chlorhexidine.
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Pickering DS, Vernon JJ, Freeman J, Wilcox MH, Chilton CH. Investigating the effect of supplementation on Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile spore recovery in two solid agars. Anaerobe 2018; 50:38-43. [PMID: 29408598 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of supplemented solid media are used within Clostridium difficile research to optimally recover spores. Our study sought to investigate different media and additives, providing a method of optimised C. difficile spore recovery. Additionally, due to the results observed in the initial experiments, the inhibitory effects of three amino acids (glycine, l-histidine &l-phenylalanine) on C. difficile spore outgrowth were investigated. METHODS Spores of five C. difficile strains (PCR ribotypes 001,015,020,027,078) were recovered on two commonly used solid media (BHI & CCEY, or cycloserine-cefoxitin egg yolk) supplemented with various concentrations of germinants (taurocholate, glycine & lysozyme). Agar-incorporation minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing was carried out for glycine and taurocholate on vegetative cells and spores of all five strains. Additionally a BHI broth microassay method was utilised to test the growth of C. difficile in the presence of increasing concentrations (0,1,2,3,4%) of three amino acids (glycine,l-histidine,l-phenyalanine). RESULTS CCEY agar alone and BHI supplemented with taurocholate (0.1/1%) provided optimal recovery for C. difficile spores. Glycine was inhibitory to spore recovery at higher concentrations, although these varied between the two media used. In agar-incorporated MIC testing, glycine concentrations higher than 2% (20 g/L) were inhibitory to both C. difficile spore and vegetative cell growth versus the control (mean absorbance = 0.33 ± 0.02 vs 0.12 ± 0.01) (P < 0.001). This indicates a potential mechanism whereby glycine interferes with vegetative cell growth. Further microbroth testing provided evidence of inhibition by two amino acids other than glycine, l-histidine and l-phenylalanine. CONCLUSIONS We provide two media for optimal recovery of C. difficile spores (CCEY alone and BHI supplemented with 0.1/1% taurocholate). CCEY is preferred for isolation from faecal samples. For pure cultures, either CCEY or supplemented BHI agar are appropriate. The inhibitory nature of three amino acids (glycine,l-histidine,l-phenylalanine) to C. difficile vegetative cell proliferation is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Pickering
- Healthcare Associated Infections Research Group, Molecular Gastroenterology, Leeds Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.
| | - J J Vernon
- Healthcare Associated Infections Research Group, Molecular Gastroenterology, Leeds Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - J Freeman
- Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - M H Wilcox
- Healthcare Associated Infections Research Group, Molecular Gastroenterology, Leeds Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK; Microbiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - C H Chilton
- Healthcare Associated Infections Research Group, Molecular Gastroenterology, Leeds Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
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Clinical and laboratory evaluation of the effects of different treatment modalities on titanium healing caps: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:2149-2160. [PMID: 29280076 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of treatment modalities on titanium surface characteristics and surrounding tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen participants each had four titanium healing caps (HC) attached to four newly inserted implants. After healing, each HC was randomly assigned to either (1) titanium curettes (TC), (2) stainless steel ultrasonic tip (PS), (3) erythritol air-polishing powder (EP), or (4) only rubber cup polishing (CON). Probing depths (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8), and periopathogens were recorded before and 3 months following instrumentation. After final assessments, HCs were removed, cleaned, and subjected to (a) bacterial colonization (Streptococcus gordonii, 24 h; mixed culture, 24 h) and (b) gingival fibroblasts (5 days). HC surfaces were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS No significant differences between the groups were evident before or after instrumentation for PD and BOP (except TC showed a significant decrease in PD; p = 0.049). MMP-8 levels and bacterial loads were always very low. MMP-8 decreased further after instrumentation, while bacteria levels showed no change. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were evident in bacterial colonization or fibroblast attachment. A comparison of the overall mean SEM surface roughness scores showed a significant difference between all groups (p < 0.0001) with the lowest roughness after EP. CONCLUSIONS All treatments performed yielded comparable outcomes and may be implemented safely. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinicians may fear implant surface damage, but all instrumentation types are safe and non-damaging. They can be implemented as needed upon considering the presence of staining and soft and hard deposits.
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Cochis A, Ferraris S, Sorrentino R, Azzimonti B, Novara C, Geobaldo F, Truffa Giachet F, Vineis C, Varesano A, Sayed Abdelgeliel A, Spriano S, Rimondini L. Silver-doped keratin nanofibers preserve a titanium surface from biofilm contamination and favor soft-tissue healing. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8366-8377. [PMID: 32264505 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01965c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is a severe condition affecting the success of transmucosal dental implants: tissue healing is severely limited by the inflammatory processes that come about to control homeostasis in the surrounding tissues. The main cause of peri-implantitis is bacterial biofilm infection; gingival fibroblasts play a pivotal role in regulating the inflammatory cascades. A new technology aimed at preventing bacterial colonization of titanium (Ti) implants, and enhancing the spread of gingival fibroblasts, is presented. Using electro-spinning, mirror-polished Ti disks were uniformly coated with keratin fibers obtained from discarded wool via sulfitolysis. The keratin-coated surfaces were then doped with silver (Ag) to introduce antibacterial properties, using different concentrations of silver nitrate as a precursor (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 M). The resulting specimens were characterized in terms of morphology and chemical composition by FESEM, FTIR and XPS, revealing silver concentrations between 1.7 and 1.9%. Silver release into the medium was evaluated in the presence of cells (α-MEM) or bacteria (LB) by ICP; release was 0.2-1.4 mg l-1 for α-MEM, and 10-40 mg l-1 for LB. The antibacterial properties of the Ag-doped specimens were tested against a multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm through morphology (FESEM) and metabolic assay (XTT); reduction in viability was significant (p < 0.05; >80% reduction within 72 h). Lastly, the cytocompatibility of the specimens was confirmed using human primary gingival fibroblasts, whose viability, spread and matrix deposition were found to be comparable to those of untreated Ti polished controls (p > 0.05). Thus, Ag surface enrichment was effective in reducing viability and maturation of S. aureus biofilm, without compromising human cell viability. Moreover, cell spread was found to be very sensitive to keratin fiber stimulation. The strategy thus appears to be very promising to introduce surface features in line with the main requirements for transmucosal dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cochis
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara (NO), Italy.
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Wei MC, Tran C, Meredith N, Walsh LJ. Effectiveness of implant surface debridement using particle beams at differing air pressures. Clin Exp Dent Res 2017; 3:148-153. [PMID: 29744193 PMCID: PMC5839204 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Because implant surface decontamination is challenging, air powder abrasive systems have been suggested as an alternative debridement method. This in vitro study investigated the effectiveness of different powder formulations and air pressures in cleaning implant surfaces and the extent of surface damage. A validated ink model of implant biofilm was used. Sterile 4.1 × 10 mm Grade 4 titanium implants were coated in a blue indelible ink to form a uniform, visually detectable biofilm-like layer over the implant threads and mounted into a bone replica material with bony defects to approximate peri-implantitis. Air powder abrasive treatments were undertaken using glycine, sodium bicarbonate, or calcium carbonate powder at air pressures of 25, 35, 45, and 55 psi. Digital macro photographs of the threads were stitched to give composite images of the threads, so the amount of ink remaining could be quantified as the residual area and expressed as a percentage. Implant surfaces were also examined with scanning electron microscopy to grade the surface changes. No treatment cleaned all the surface of the threads. The powders were ranked in order of decreasing effectiveness and decreasing surface change into the same sequence of calcium carbonate followed by sodium bicarbonate followed by glycine. Higher air pressure improved cleaning and increased surface change, with a plateau effect evident. All powders caused some level of surface alteration, with rounding of surface projections most evident. With air powder abrasive systems, there is a trade-off between cleaning efficacy and surface damage. Using this laboratory model, sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate powders were the most effective for surface cleaning when used at air pressures as low as 25 psi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max C.T. Wei
- School of DentistryThe University of QueenslandQueenslandAustralia
| | - Carol Tran
- School of DentistryThe University of QueenslandQueenslandAustralia
| | - Neil Meredith
- College of Medicine and DentistryJames Cook UniversityQueenslandAustralia
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Ferraris S, Truffa Giachet F, Miola M, Bertone E, Varesano A, Vineis C, Cochis A, Sorrentino R, Rimondini L, Spriano S. Nanogrooves and keratin nanofibers on titanium surfaces aimed at driving gingival fibroblasts alignment and proliferation without increasing bacterial adhesion. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.02.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Yun SD, Choi SH, Cha JY, Yu HS, Kim KM, Kim J, Hwang CJ. Effects of recycling on the biomechanical characteristics of retrieved orthodontic miniscrews. Korean J Orthod 2017; 47:238-247. [PMID: 28670565 PMCID: PMC5466906 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2017.47.4.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare recycled and unused orthodontic miniscrews to determine the feasibility of reuse. The comparisons included both miniscrews with machined surfaces (MS), and those with etched surfaces (ES). Methods Retrieved MS and ES were further divided into three subgroups according to the assigned recycling procedure: group A, air-water spray; group B, mechanical cleaning; and group C, mechanical and chemical cleaning. Unused screws were used as controls. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, insertion time and maximum insertion torque measurements in artificial bone, and biological responses in the form of periotest values (PTV), bone–implant contact ratio (BIC), and bone volume ratio (BV) were assessed. Results Morphological changes after recycling mainly occurred at the screw tip, and the cortical bone penetration success rate of recycled screws was lower than that of unused screws. Retrieved ES needed more thorough cleaning than retrieved MS to produce a surface composition similar to that of unused screws. There were no significant differences in PTV or BIC between recycled and unused screws, while the BV of the former was significantly lower than that of the latter (p < 0.05). Conclusions These results indicate that reuse of recycled orthodontic miniscrews may not be feasible from the biomechanical aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Dong Yun
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Cranio-Facial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Cranio-Facial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Yul Cha
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Cranio-Facial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Seog Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Cranio-Facial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Mahn Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Oral Cancer Research Institute, Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung-Ju Hwang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Cranio-Facial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Chen CJ, Ding SJ, Chen CC. Effects of Surface Conditions of Titanium Dental Implants on Bacterial Adhesion. Photomed Laser Surg 2016; 34:379-88. [PMID: 27454339 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study is to evaluate the effect of surface roughness of titanium implants on bacterial adhesion and then to investigate the efficacy of the three cleaning treatments for bacterial removal in titanium surfaces. BACKGROUND DATA Although surface debridement is the basic element for treatment of peri-implantitis to reduce bacterial adhesion, adjunctive therapies such as antiseptics and laser debridement have been proposed to improve the nonsurgical treatment options of the peri-implant infection. METHODS Titanium specimens were divided into five groups: No. 1200 grit sandpaper polishing (Grit), 50 μm (SB50), 100 μm (SB100), and 250 μm Al2O3 sandblasting (SB250), and sandblasting, large-grit, and acid-etching (SLA). Surface roughness (Ra), contact angle, and surface morphology were examined. The subsequent adhesion of Escherichia coli on the different substrates was assayed. After 8 h of bacterial culture, three different cleaning treatments, including plastic curettage, air-powder abrasive system, and Er:YAG laser debridement, were applied on the specimens. RESULTS The Ra value changed from the lower value of 0.2 μm for the Grit group to the significantly higher value of 2.7 μm for the SB250 group, indicating a significant difference from the SLA group (2.0 μm). The average contact angle of SLA (101°) was significantly higher than the other groups. No significant difference in E. coli bacterial adhesion was found among the all roughened groups, except the SB50 and SB250 groups at 12 h of culture. The use of three cleaning treatments did not induce significant surface alterations. However, the E. coli adhesion was significantly reduced in the air-powder abrasive system and laser debridement in comparison with that treated with the plastic curettage. CONCLUSIONS Laser debridement could be a useful cleaning method for peri-implantitis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ju Chen
- 1 Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Jyh Ding
- 1 Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung City, Taiwan .,2 School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Chen
- 2 School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung City, Taiwan .,3 Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , Taichung City, Taiwan
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Schmidt KE, Auschill TM, Heumann C, Frankenberger R, Eick S, Sculean A, Arweiler NB. Influence of different instrumentation modalities on the surface characteristics and biofilm formation on dental implant neck, in vitro. Clin Oral Implants Res 2016; 28:483-490. [PMID: 27000771 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate surface characteristics of implants after using different instruments and biofilm formation following instrumentation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-five commercially available dental implants were embedded into seven plastic models, attached to a phantom head and randomly assigned to seven instrumentation groups: (1) stainless steel (SSC) or (2) titanium curettes (TC); air-polisher using glycine-based (3) perio (PP) or (4) soft (SP) powders or (5) erythritol powder (EP); and an ultrasonic device using (6) stainless steel (PS) or (7) plastic-coated instruments (PI). Half of each implant neck in each group (n = 5) was treated once (30 s), while the other half was left uninstrumented (control). An eighth (8) treatment group used a bur/polisher to smooth two implants (SM). Following instrumentation implants were rinsed (5 ml Ringer's solution), analysed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and subjected twice (separately) to bacterial colonization with Streptococcus gordonii (2 h) and a mixed culture (S. gordonii, Actinomyces naeslundii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia; 24 h). RESULTS Visual assessment of SEM pictures revealed surface modifications (smoothening to roughening) following instrumentation. These alterations differed between the instrument groups and from the control. Quantitative scoring of the photographs revealed that SSC caused a significantly rougher surface compared to other instruments (P < 0.05), except for SP (P = 0.057) and PP (P = 0.108). After bacterial colonization no significant differences (P > 0.05) were evident between instrumented or control surfaces in either culture. CONCLUSIONS Overall, no significant differences were observed in the surface characteristics (except for SSC) or bacterial colonization based on one-time instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Heumann
- Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Frankenberger
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Effect of Air-Polishing on Titanium Surfaces, Biofilm Removal, and Biocompatibility: A Pilot Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:491047. [PMID: 26881198 PMCID: PMC4735983 DOI: 10.1155/2015/491047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. The aims of this in vitro study were to evaluate morphological changes induced by glycine powder air-polishing on titanium surfaces, biofilm removal, and biocompatibility. Material and Methods. Titanium grade IV discs were allocated into two groups: (1) discs without biofilm and (2) discs for Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation. Discs in each group were further subdivided into (a) no treatment and (b) air-polishing treatment with glycine powder. Discs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and confocal microscopy. Bacterial biofilms were quantified using a crystal violet dye-binding assay. Biocompatibility was evaluated by measuring the coverage and viability of L929 fibroblast cells cultured on the discs. Results. Air-polishing increased the roughness of treated discs (P < 0.05). EDS analysis did not show significant differences in the chemical composition of treated and nontreated discs. The amount of residual biofilm on treated discs was 8.6-fold lower than untreated controls (P < 0.05). Coverage of treated discs by fibroblasts was half that of untreated discs (P < 0.05) although both groups had the same cell viability. Conclusions. Air-polishing removed a significant amount of biofilm from titanium surfaces. The “polishing” was accompanied by increased surface roughness, but there were no changes in chemical and elemental compositions, nor the biocompatibility.
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Miron RJ. Health, Maintenance, and Recovery of Soft Tissues around Implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2015; 18:618-34. [PMID: 25873299 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health of peri-implant soft tissues is one of the most important aspects of osseointegration necessary for the long-term survival of dental implants. PURPOSE To review the process of soft tissue healing around osseointegrated implants and discuss the maintenance requirements as well as the possible short-comings of peri-implant soft tissue integration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature search on the process involved in osseointegration, soft tissue healing and currently available treatment modalities was performed and a brief description of each process was provided. RESULTS The peri-implant interface has been shown to be less effective than natural teeth in resisting bacterial invasion because gingival fiber alignment and reduced vascular supply make it more vulnerable to subsequent peri-implant disease and future bone loss around implants. And we summarized common procedures which have been shown to be effective in preventing peri-implantitis disease progression as well as clinical techniques utilized to regenerate soft tissues with bone loss in advanced cases of peri-implantitis. CONCLUSION Due to the difference between peri-implant interface and natural teeth, clinicians and patients should pay more attention in the maintenance and recovery of soft tissues around implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Richard J Miron
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Surface deterioration and elemental composition of retrieved orthodontic miniscrews. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2015; 147:S88-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Morphological and Chemical Characteristics of Different Titanium Surfaces Treated by Bicarbonate and Glycine Powder Air Abrasive Systems. IMPLANT DENT 2015; 24:47-56. [DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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De Siena F, Corbella S, Taschieri S, Del Fabbro M, Francetti L. Adjunctive glycine powder air-polishing for the treatment of peri-implant mucositis: an observational clinical trial. Int J Dent Hyg 2014; 13:170-6. [PMID: 25394856 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to make a comparative evaluation of professional oral hygiene with or without the adjunct of glycine air-powder system for the treatment of peri-implant mucositis. METHODS After the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, patients were divided in two groups: in control group, patients were treated with professional oral hygiene manoeuvres (POH) while in the test group, glycine air-powder system (SGA) was adjuncted to professional oral hygiene. Probing depth (PD), bleeding index (BI) and plaque index (PI) were measured at baseline, and 3 and 6 months after the treatment. RESULTS A total of 30 patients (15 per group) were selected for the study. In POH e SGA group, PD was, 2.86 ± 0.37 and 3.00 ± 0.36 mm at baseline, 2.90 ± 0.53 and 2.62 ± 0.50 mm after 3 months, 2.96 ± 0.56 and 2.41 ± 0.54 mm after 6 months, respectively, significantly lower in SGA group in the last follow-up visit. In both groups, both PI and BI decreased over time. CONCLUSIONS The present reports showed that both techniques were useful for the treatment of peri-implant mucositis. In the test group (with glycine powder), a significant reduction of probing depth was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Corbella
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Oral Implantology Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Taschieri
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Oral Health Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Oral Health Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - L Francetti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Oral Implantology Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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John G, Schwarz F, Becker J. Taurolidine as an effective and biocompatible additive for plaque-removing techniques on implant surfaces. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:1069-77. [PMID: 25346373 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency of two plaque-removing techniques, plastic curettes (PC) and glycine powder airflow (GLY) in combination with taurolidine (T), chlorhexidine (CHX), or pure water (PW) as additives and compared to groups without previous treatment (NT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Plaque was collected on titanium samples for 48 h in six subjects. Specimens were worn in a special splint in the upper jaw and randomly assigned to test and control groups. After biofilm removal procedures, clean implant surface (CIS) on the samples and treatment time were taken as parameters. RESULTS Mean CIS was determined in the following descending order: T-GLY > CHX-GLY > NT-GLY > T-PC > PW-GLY > PW-PC > CHX-PC > NT-PC. Mean treatment time was determined in the following ascending order: T-GLY < CHX-GLY < PW-GLY < NT-GLY < T-PC < CHX-PC < PW-PC < NT-PC. CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that T showed the highest CIS in the GLY and PC groups. T-GLY showed significantly more CIS than all other GLY groups. The T-PC group showed significantly more CIS than all other PC groups. The treatment times of the T groups were significantly lower than their corresponding PC or GLY groups. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results of the current study indicate that taurolidine seems to enhance effectiveness of plaque-removing procedures with plastic curettes and glycine powder airflow. Also, the efficiency of both treatment procedures seems to be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon John
- Department of Oral Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany,
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