1
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Bulut SO, Noyun D, Dirikan İpci S, Cakar G. Serum vitamin D, hemoglobin A1c and vitamin B12 levels in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis stages. Biomark Med 2024; 18:449-457. [PMID: 39007836 DOI: 10.1080/17520363.2024.2342236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To compare the serum vitamin D, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and vitamin B12 levels in patients with gingivitis and four different periodontitis stages diagnosed according to the 2017 Periodontal Disease Classification. Materials & methods: A total of 606 patients were included in the study who were diagnosed with gingivitis and stage I-IV periodontitis. Patients were divided into groups based on disease stage, and the HbA1c, vitamin D and B12 levels of the patients were compared and analyzed. Result: The highest HbA1c level and the lowest vitamin D level were seen in stage III-IV periodontitis. The highest vitamin D and B12 levels were seen in the gingivitis group. Conclusion: Serum HbA1c, vitamin D and B12 levels might vary depending on the presence or severity of periodontitis.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT05745779 (This study was registered and approved by www.clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Selcen Ozcan Bulut
- Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontology Department, Niğde, TR-51200, Turkey
| | - Deniz Noyun
- Dentplus Dental Clinic, Bursa, TR-16140, Turkey
| | - Sebnem Dirikan İpci
- Altınbaş University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul, TR-34147, Turkey
| | - Gokser Cakar
- Altınbaş University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul, TR-34147, Turkey
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2
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Thiem DGE, Donkiewicz P, Rejaey R, Wiesmann-Imilowski N, Deschner J, Al-Nawas B, Kämmerer PW. The impact of electronic and conventional cigarettes on periodontal health-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4911-4928. [PMID: 37526741 PMCID: PMC10492702 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of electronic cigarettes on periodontal health compared to conventional cigarette smoke and a non-smoking population. MATERIALS AND METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov were screened for literature. Eligibility criteria included clinical studies published between 2006 and 2022 that compare e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes on periodontal health (bleeding on probing (BoP), plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), marginal bone loss (MBL), tooth loss, molecular inflammation markers, salivary flow rate). Meta-regression analysis was used to examine the influence of moderator variables. RESULTS Sixteen studies were found to be eligible for qualitative synthesis. Individual analyses showed that cigarette smokers had significantly higher PI, PD, AL, and MBL and increased concentrations of proinflammatory mediators than e-cigarette users and non-smokers. Meta-analysis revealed a 0.33-fold lower chance for BoP in e-cigarette users compared to smokers (p = 0.03), whereby meta-regression failed to detect any effects regarding the age of users and frequency of smoking. A 0.01-fold decreased chance for positive BoP in e-cigarette users compared with non-smokers was seen (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that that e-cigarette use might be considered a healthier alternative to cigarette smoking concerning periodontal health. Even so, harmful effects of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) usage on periodontal health were seen as well. However, a definitive decision on this research question remains elusive due to the absence of randomized controlled trials. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Electronic cigarettes, marketed as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes, are becoming increasingly popular. Evidence on the use of electronic cigarettes as a cessation aid and its beneficial impact compared to cigarette smoke remains inconclusive, so the analysis conducted in this review addresses a recent question of high clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. E. Thiem
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Phil Donkiewicz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- BioHorizons Camlog, Maybachstr. 5, 71299 Wimsheim, Germany
| | - Raha Rejaey
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Wiesmann-Imilowski
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bilal Al-Nawas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peer W. Kämmerer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Hans M, Malik PK, Hans VM, Chug A, Kumar M. Serum levels of various vitamins in periodontal health and disease- a cross sectional study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:471-475. [PMID: 37266109 PMCID: PMC10230257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Vitamins are micronutrients that are required in small or trace amounts. They play an essential role in the metabolism and maintenance of tissue function. This investigation aimed to assess if a deficiency of certain essential vitamins is a risk factor for developing periodontitis. Methods The subject population consisted of 100 subjects, 50 with generalized chronic periodontitis and 50 periodontally healthy volunteers. The following clinical parameters were measured: Gingival Index, pocket depth (mm); Clinical Attachment Loss (mm). Serum samples were collected and analyzed for levels of cis-β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, vitamin B 12, folate, vitamin D, and vitamin E. Individual data collected was summarized and analyzed using statistical software. Results All the clinical parameters for periodontal status in the periodontitis group compared to healthy volunteers were highly significant (p < 0.0001). The mean levels of all the micronutrients, vitamin A precursors cis-β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin, folate, vitamin B 12, D & E were lower in the periodontitis group than the healthy volunteers, although the difference was statistically significant only in case of β-cryptoxanthin, Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D (p < 0.05). Conclusions The findings of our study suggest that serum micronutrient levels especially Vitamin A, Vitamin B 12, and Vitamin D may be modifiable risk factors for periodontal disease. Providing an optimized combination of various vitamins in each meal in combination with sufficient measures of standard oral hygiene care may provide an important role in the prevention of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Hans
- Department of Dentistry, ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Faridabad, India
| | | | - Veenu Madaan Hans
- Department of Dentistry, ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Faridabad, India
| | - Ashi Chug
- ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Faridabad, India
| | - Mayank Kumar
- ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Faridabad, India
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Saleh MHA, Decker A, Tattan M, Tattan O, Decker J, Alrmali A, Wang HL. Supplement Consumption and Periodontal Health: An Exploratory Survey Using the BigMouth Repository. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:919. [PMID: 37241151 PMCID: PMC10223792 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary supplements have been investigated for their impact on the periodontal apparatus (alveolar bone, mucosa, periodontal ligament, and cementum) and their hypothetical protective role against periodontitis. There remains a gap in the field in this area. Thus, the present study aims to examine the correlation between populations who report taking different dietary supplements and their relative periodontal health. METHODS The BigMouth dental data repository derived from the dental Electronic Health Records (EHRs) of the University of Michigan school of dentistry was used to extract data relating to all patients who fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The prevalence of periodontitis compared to periodontal health as related to supplement consumption was assessed. RESULTS A total of 118,426 individuals (55,459 males and 62,967 females) with self-reported consumption of the dietary supplements of interest were identified in the University of Michigan database via the BigMouth repository. Associations with the following vitamins were investigated, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Multivitamins, Fish oil, Calcium, Omega 3, Saw palmetto, Zinc, Sildenafil, Flax seed, Folic acid, Garlic pills, Ginger pills, Ginko, Ginseng, Glucosamine, Iron, and Magnesium. Out of these supplements, only multivitamins and iron were found to significantly favor periodontal health, while folic acid and vitamin E significantly favored periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS This study found a minimal association between the consumption of dietary supplements with periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad H. A. Saleh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ann Decker
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mustafa Tattan
- Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Omar Tattan
- RAK College of Dental Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah 11172, United Arab Emirates
| | - Joseph Decker
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Abdusalam Alrmali
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Αntoniadou M, Varzakas T. Breaking the vicious circle of diet, malnutrition and oral health for the independent elderly. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3233-3255. [PMID: 32686465 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1793729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging impairs senses, mastication, oral status and function, causing nutritional needs and diet insufficiencies. The present needs of independent older adults suggest that health research and oral health care should shift from reductionist disease management to integral and personal treatment plans, including lifestyle, psychological, nutritional and oral health coaching approaches. Dentists and other medical professionals that work in the field of gerodontology should be educated on the macro and micronutrient needs of the elderly and incorporate certain nutritional plans early in the life of their patients with their approval and cooperation, in order to postpone tooth loss and masticatory impairment. Old recipes such as the Mediterranean diet should be kept as a base for all the elderly and be enriched in a customized interpersonal way from the dentist as well as the medical professional according to the specific needs of one's oral and general health status. In this nonsystematic review paper, the basic aspects of the vicious cycle of nutrition and oral health status are discussed and suggestions of major nutrients' influence and needs for independent elders are reported. Based on the scientific data collected, suggestions are made for the food industry for better quality and dosage of foods for this category of individuals. Such strategies can be a whole new area of interest for the food industry in order to obtain better quality of food packaging for the independent OA with accepted texture, odor, colors, macronutrients and micronutrients' consistency and in specific portions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Αntoniadou
- Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Dept. Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Kalamata, Greece
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Keceli HG, Ercan N, Karsiyaka Hendek M, Kisa U, Mesut B, Olgun E. The effect of the systemic folic acid intake as an adjunct to scaling and root planing on clinical parameters and homocysteine and C-reactive protein levels in gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis patients: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:602-613. [PMID: 32109317 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate clinical and biochemical effects of adjunctive systemic folic acid (FA) intake with scaling and root planing (SRP) in periodontitis treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty periodontitis subjects (30 per group) were randomly assigned into study groups and treated with either SRP + placebo (SRP + P) or SRP + folic acid (SRP + F). In addition to clinical parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], probing pocket depth [PPD], clinical attachment level [CAL] and gingival recession [GR]), gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained at baseline and post-treatment (PT) periods (one (PT-1), three (PT-3) and six (PT-6) months) for C-reactive protein (CRP) and homocysteine (Hcy) evaluation. RESULTS Significant time-dependent reduction was detected at all clinical parameters for both groups (p < .001). Compared to SRP + P, CAL was lower in SRP + F at PT-1 (p = .004) and PT-3 (p = .035), whereas GR was lower at only PT-1 (p = .015). GCF volume and CRP did not show inter-group differences, whereas Hcy was higher in SRP + F at PT-3 (p = .044) and PT-6 (p = .041). GCF volume and Hcy showed reduction after treatment in both groups (p < .001). CONCLUSION Both modalities exhibited clinical improvement and change in biochemical parameters. Adjunctive systemic FA intake may be recommended adjunctive to periodontitis treatment to reveal better outcomes. However, its impact mechanisms should be further enlightened.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gencay Keceli
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuray Ercan
- Oral Health and Dental Care Centre, Duzce, Turkey
| | | | - Ucler Kisa
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Burcu Mesut
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Olgun
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
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7
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Cagetti MG, Wolf TG, Tennert C, Camoni N, Lingström P, Campus G. The Role of Vitamins in Oral Health. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030938. [PMID: 32028631 PMCID: PMC7037089 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The association between vitamins and oral health have recently been discussed, yielding increased attention from medical and dental perspectives. The present review aimed to systematically evaluate and appraise the most recently scientific papers investigating the role of vitamins in the prevention and treatment of the main oral diseases as hard dental pathological processes and gum/periodontal disease. Randomized controlled trials, cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, comparative studies, validation studies and evaluation studies, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, reporting associations between vitamins and oral diseases or the use of vitamins to prevent or treat oral diseases in patients of any age were included. PubMed, Embase and Scopus were searched to November 2019 using an ad hoc prepared search string. All the papers meeting the inclusion criteria were subjected to a quality assessment. The search identified 1597 papers; 741 were selected after removing duplicates. A total of 334 articles were excluded after title and abstract evaluation; 407 were assessed and 73 papers were full-text assessed; other 14 papers were discharged after full text evaluation, leaving finally 58 papers included. In general, there is weak evidence supporting the association between vitamins and both gingival/periodontal disease and hard dental pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Cagetti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Science, University of Milan, IT-20142 Milan, Italy; (M.G.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Thomas Gerhard Wolf
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.T.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-(0)31-664098
| | - Christian Tennert
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Nicole Camoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Science, University of Milan, IT-20142 Milan, Italy; (M.G.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Peter Lingström
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.T.); (G.C.)
- Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, IT-07100 Sassari, Italy
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8
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Kaur K, Sculley D, Wallace J, Turner A, Ferraris C, Veysey M, Lucock M, Beckett EL. Micronutrients and bioactive compounds in oral inflammatory diseases. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2019.100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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9
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Alkan D, Guven B, Turer CC, Balli U, Can M. Folate-receptor 1 level in periodontal disease: a pilot study. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:218. [PMID: 31604439 PMCID: PMC6787999 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0909-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum folate-receptor 1 (FOLR1) levels in subjects with different periodontal status. METHODS The study consists of three groups: Healthy group (n = 15), gingivitis group (n = 15) and chronic periodontitis group (n = 15). Clinical periodontal parameters including probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were assessed. GCF and serum samples were collected from each patient and were analyzed FOLR1 levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The values of FOLR1 in GCF were higher in gingivitis and periodontitis groups than among patient in control group (p < 0.016). Serum FOLR1 levels showed no significant difference between the groups. A significant correlation was observed between FOLR1 levels of GCF and BOP (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary data suggest that FOLR1 is not useful in monitoring the periodontal disease. Further studies are necessary to clarify the role, regulation and function of folate and it's receptors in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Alkan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
| | - Berrak Guven
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Coskun Turer
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Umut Balli
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Murat Can
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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10
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Dommisch H, Kuzmanova D, Jönsson D, Grant M, Chapple I. Effect of micronutrient malnutrition on periodontal disease and periodontal therapy. Periodontol 2000 2019; 78:129-153. [PMID: 30198127 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a complex chronic inflammatory noncommunicable disease, initiated by the development of a dysbiotic microbial plaque biofilm below the gingival margin. Whilst the pathogenic biofilm is a "necessary cause" of periodontitis, it is insufficient on its own to cause the disease, and a destructive immune-inflammatory response is a key to the translation of risk to destructive events. Other exposures or "component causes" include individual genetic predisposition, lifestyle (including smoking and nutrition), and environmental factors. Dietary nutrients are essential for life as they provide crucial energy sources in the form of macronutrients, as well as important cofactors in the form of micronutrients, which regulate the functionality of enzymes during the regulation of anabolic and catabolic processes in human cells. Moreover, micronutrients can regulate gene transcription factors, such as the proinflammatory nuclear factor kappa B and the anti-inflammatory nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2. This review focuses on the role of vitamins (vitamin A, carotenoids, the vitamin B complex, vitamins C, D, and E, and coenzyme Q10) and minerals (calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, potassium, copper, manganese, and selenium) in human physiology and the impact of their deficiencies upon periodontal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denica Kuzmanova
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Jönsson
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Melissa Grant
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Iain Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Birminham Community Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Ebersole JL, Lambert J, Bush H, Huja PE, Basu A. Serum Nutrient Levels and Aging Effects on Periodontitis. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1986. [PMID: 30558282 PMCID: PMC6316450 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease damages tissues as a result of dysregulated host responses against the chronic bacterial biofilm insult and approximately 50% of US adults >30 years old exhibit periodontitis. The association of five blood nutrients and periodontitis were evaluated due to our previous findings regarding a potential protective effect for these nutrients in periodontal disease derived from the US population sampled as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999⁻2004). Data from over 15,000 subjects was analyzed for blood levels of cis-β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, folate, vitamin D, and vitamin E, linked with analysis of the presence and severity of periodontitis. Moderate/severe disease patients had lower cis-β-carotene levels across all racial/ethnic groups and these decreased levels in moderate/severe periodontitis were exacerbated with age. β-cryptoxanthin demonstrated lower levels in severe disease patients across the entire age range in all racial/ethnic groups. Folate differences were evident across the various age groups with consistently lower levels in periodontitis patients >30 years and most pronounced in females. Lower levels of vitamin D were consistently noted across the entire age range of patients with a greater difference seen in females with periodontitis. Finally, an analytical approach to identify interactions among these nutrients related to age and periodontitis showed interactions of vitamin D in females, and folate with race in the population. These findings suggest that improving specific nutrient intake leading to elevated blood levels of a combination of these protective factors may provide a novel strategy to affect the significant increase in periodontitis that occurs with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 1001 Shadow Lane, B221, MS 7425, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA.
| | - Joshua Lambert
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
| | - Heather Bush
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Pinar Emecen Huja
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Arpita Basu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA.
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12
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Buduneli N, Scott DA. Tobacco-induced suppression of the vascular response to dental plaque. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:271-282. [PMID: 29768735 PMCID: PMC8246627 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking presents oral health professionals with a clinical and research conundrum: reduced periodontal vascular responsiveness to the oral biofilm accompanied by increased susceptibility to destructive periodontal diseases. This presents a significant problem, hampering diagnosis and complicating treatment planning. The aim of this review is to summarize contemporary hypotheses that help to explain mechanistically the phenomenon of a suppressed bleeding response to dysbiotic plaque in the periodontia of smokers. The influence of smoke exposure on angiogenesis, innate cell function, the production of inflammatory mediators including cytokines and proteases, tobacco-bacteria interactions, and potential genetic predisposition are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A. Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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13
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Najeeb S, Zafar MS, Khurshid Z, Zohaib S, Almas K. The Role of Nutrition in Periodontal Health: An Update. Nutrients 2016; 8:E530. [PMID: 27589794 PMCID: PMC5037517 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal health is influenced by a number of factors such as oral hygiene, genetic and epigenetic factors, systemic health, and nutrition. Many studies have observed that a balanced diet has an essential role in maintaining periodontal health. Additionally, the influences of nutritional supplements and dietary components have been known to affect healing after periodontal surgery. Studies have attempted to find a correlation between tooth loss, periodontal health, and nutrition. Moreover, bone formation and periodontal regeneration are also affected by numerous vitamins, minerals, and trace elements. The aim of this review is to critically appraise the currently available data on diet and maintenance of periodontal health and periodontal healing. The effects of nutritional intervention studies to improve the quality of life and well-being of patients with periodontal disease have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariq Najeeb
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi College, Riyadh 361724, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sana Zohaib
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid Almas
- Division of Periodontology, University of Dammam, College of Dentistry, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
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Zong G, Holtfreter B, Scott AE, Völzke H, Petersmann A, Dietrich T, Newson RS, Kocher T. Serum vitamin B12 is inversely associated with periodontal progression and risk of tooth loss: a prospective cohort study. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:2-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geng Zong
- Unilever Research and Development; Vlaardingen The Netherlands
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Unit of Periodontology; University Medicine; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | | | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine; University Medicine; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Astrid Petersmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine; University Medicine; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Thomas Dietrich
- Department of Oral Surgery; School of Dentistry; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | | | - Thomas Kocher
- Unit of Periodontology; University Medicine; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
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15
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Warad S, Kalburgi NB, Manak M, Kalburgi VC, Koregol AC, Patanashetti J, Rao S, Kokatnur MV. Determining the Effect of Gutkha on Serum Levels of Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid as Compared to Smoking among Chronic Periodontitis Subjects : A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:ZC85-9. [PMID: 25654040 PMCID: PMC4316346 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/10575.5356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis, being a common inflammatory disease has a multifactorial origin , with smoking and gutkha as few of the causative entities. The role of smoking as a risk factor for periodontitis is been well documented in literature. Cigarette smoke also affects vitamin B12 and folic acid mechanisms. Nutritionally derived vitamin B12 occurs mainly as either hydroxycobalamin or deoxyadenosycobalmin. Folic acid is also heat sensitive and water soluble, closely linked to vitamin B12 in its metabolism. However, effect of smokeless tobacco in form of gutkha on serum levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid is yet to be explored. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To estimate and correlate serum vitamin B12 (VB12) and folic acid (FA) levels among periodontally healthy subjects and Chronic Periodontitis (CP) subjects with habit of smoking and gutkha chewing. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 111 subjects ranging in age from 18 to 60 y. Participants were divided into four groups: 30 healthy subjects (Group I), 29 subjects with CP (Group II), 25 smokers with CP (Group III) and 27 gutkha chewers with CP (Group IV). Clinical parameters included pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) & gingival index (GI) following which VB12 and FA levels were estimated through UV-spectrophotometry method and data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists software, Mann-Whitney U-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. p-values less than 0.05 were considered as significant. Results : Pairwise comparison by Mann-Whitney U-test showed an increase in the serum VB12 in Group IV when compared to Group I (p=0.01) and Group II (p=0.01). Although serum FA levels were found to be low in Group III (7.61 ug/ml) & Group IV (8.64 ug/ml), Group III was found to be statistically significant (P=0.046). The clinical parameters GI, PPD and CAL among the four groups of patients were also statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The study results suggested that among the patients with periodontal disease, serum VB12 levels are directly related while serum FA levels are inversely related to inflammation and tissue destruction in periodontium as occurred in Group IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaraj Warad
- Head of Department, Department of Periodontics, P.M.N.M Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagaraj B Kalburgi
- Professor, Department of Periodontics, P.M.N.M Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhur Manak
- Post-Graduate Student, Department of Periodontics, P.M.N.M Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - Veena C Kalburgi
- Professor, Department of Periodontics, P.M.N.M Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - Arati C Koregol
- Reader, Department of Periodontics, P.M.N.M Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - Jyoti Patanashetti
- Reader, Department of Periodontics, P.M.N.M Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - Subramaniam Rao
- Reader, Department of Periodontics, P.M.N.M Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - M. Vijayalaxmi Kokatnur
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontics, P.M.N.M Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
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16
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Van der Velden U, Kuzmanova D, Chapple ILC. Micronutritional approaches to periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38 Suppl 11:142-58. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Rad M, Kakoie S, Niliye Brojeni F, Pourdamghan N. Effect of Long-term Smoking on Whole-mouth Salivary Flow Rate and Oral Health. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2010; 4:110-4. [PMID: 23346336 PMCID: PMC3429961 DOI: 10.5681/joddd.2010.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Change in the resting whole-mouth salivary flow rate (SFR) plays a significant role in patho-genesis of various oral conditions. Factors such as smoking may affect SFR as well as the oral and dental health. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effect of smoking on SFR, and oral and dental health. MATERIALS AND METHODS One-hundred smokers and 100 non-tobacco users were selected as case and control groups, respectively. A questionnaire was used to collect the demographic data and smoking habits. A previously used questionnaire about dry mouth was also employed. Then, after a careful oral examination, subjects' whole saliva was collected in the resting condition. Data was analyzed by chi-square test using SPSS 15. RESULTS The mean (±SD) salivary flow rate were 0.38 (± 0.13) ml/min in smokers and 0.56 (± 0.16) ml/min in non-smokers. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.00001). Also, 39% of smokers and 12% of non-smokers reported experiencing at least one xerostomia symptom, with statistically significant difference between groups (p=0.0001). Oral lesions including cervical caries, gingivitis, tooth mobility, calculus and halitosis were significantly higher in smokers. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that long-term smoking would significantly reduce SFR and increase oral and dental disorders associated with dry mouth, especially cervical caries, gingivitis, tooth mobility, calculus, and halitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rad
- Member of Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Specialist of Oral Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahla Kakoie
- Member of Kerman Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, and Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Nasim Pourdamghan
- General Practitioner, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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18
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Esaki M, Morita M, Akhter R, Akino K, Honda O. Relationship between folic acid intake and gingival health in non-smoking adults in Japan. Oral Dis 2009; 16:96-101. [PMID: 19732352 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01619.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between dietary intake of folate and gingival bleeding in non-smoking adults in Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were obtained from residents who participated in the regional nutrition survey and survey of dental diseases conducted by the administrative office of northernmost prefecture of Japan. Dietitians visited households to collect data on dietary intake. Clinical parameters, including Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and bleeding on probing (BOP), were examined in community centers. Information on smoking habit was obtained from the interview. Then the data from 497 non-smoking adults with 20 teeth or more, aged 18 years or older, were analyzed. The relationship between dietary intake of folic acid and gingival bleeding status was estimated using multivariate analysis. RESULTS Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a significant negative correlation between dietary folate level and bleeding on probing. The negative association between folate level and bleeding on probing remained statistically significant in multiple regression analysis (standardized beta = -0.204, P < 0.001). However, no significant association was found between CPI scores and folate intake level. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that dietary intake of folic acid, an important indicator of gingival bleeding in adults, may provide an important clinical target for intervention to promote gingival health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Esaki
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Pandis N, Vlahopoulos K, Madianos P, Eliades T. Long-term periodontal status of patients with mandibular lingual fixed retention. Eur J Orthod 2008; 29:471-6. [PMID: 17974536 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjm042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the periodontal tissues of patients with mandibular fixed retention for long or short periods of time. A total of 64 individuals were selected for this study using the following inclusion criteria: long-term lingual fixed retention; identical type of lingual fixed retainer bonded with the same materials; no cavities, restorations, or fractures of the mandibular anterior teeth; absence of habits and occlusal interferences; and canine guidance bilaterally. The resultant sample comprised 32 patients (mean age 25 years) who had been in retention for a mean period of 9.65 years (range 9-11 years) and an equal number retained for a period between 3 and 6 months. Plaque, gingival, and calculus indices, probing pocket depth, marginal recession, and bone level at the mandibular six anterior teeth were recorded for both groups. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic data were investigated with conventional descriptive statistics. Comparisons of the different variables between the two participant groups (long- and short-term retention) were carried out using a Mann-Whitney test for indices (plaque, gingival, and calculus), and a Fisher's exact test (two sided) for the remaining variables. No significant difference was found with respect to the plaque and gingival indices and bone level between the two groups. The long-term group presented higher calculus accumulation, greater marginal recession, and increased probing depth (P < 0.05). The results of this study raise the question of the appropriateness of lingual fixed retainers as a standard retention plan for all patients regardless of their attitude to dental hygiene. They also emphasize the importance of individual variability and cautious application of retention protocols after a thorough consideration of issues related to the anatomy of tissues and oral hygiene.
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Erdemir EO, Bergstrom J. Effect of smoking on folic acid and vitamin B12after nonsurgical periodontal intervention. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34:1074-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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