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Jerke U, Eulenberg-Gustavus C, Rousselle A, Nicklin P, Kreideweiss S, Grundl MA, Eickholz P, Nickles K, Schreiber A, Korkmaz B, Kettritz R. Targeting Cathepsin C in PR3-ANCA Vasculitis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:936-947. [PMID: 35292437 PMCID: PMC9063889 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021081112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ANCA autoantigens proteinase 3 (PR3) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) are exclusively expressed by neutrophils and monocytes. ANCA-mediated activation of these cells is the key driver of the vascular injury process in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), and neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) are disease mediators. Cathepsin C (CatC) from zymogens activates the proteolytic function of NSPs, including PR3. Lack of NSP zymogen activation results in neutrophils with strongly reduced NSP proteins. METHODS To explore AAV-relevant consequences of blocking NSP zymogen activation by CatC, we used myeloid cells from patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, a genetic deficiency of CatC, to assess NSPs and NSP-mediated endothelial cell injury. We also examined pharmacologic CatC inhibition in neutrophil-differentiated human hematopoietic stem cells, primary human umbilical vein cells, and primary glomerular microvascular endothelial cells. RESULTS Patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome showed strongly reduced NSPs in neutrophils and monocytes. Neutrophils from these patients produced a negative PR3-ANCA test, presented less PR3 on the surface of viable and apoptotic cells, and caused significantly less damage in human umbilical vein cells. These findings were recapitulated in human stem cells, in which a highly specific CatC inhibitor, but not prednisolone, reduced NSPs without affecting neutrophil differentiation, reduced membrane PR3, and diminished neutrophil activation upon PR3-ANCA but not MPO-ANCA stimulation. Compared with healthy controls, neutrophils from patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome transferred less proteolytically active NSPs to glomerular microvascular endothelial cells, the cell type targeted in ANCA-induced necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis. Finally, both genetic CatC deficiency and pharmacologic inhibition, but not prednisolone, reduced neutrophil-induced glomerular microvascular endothelial cell damage. CONCLUSIONS These findings may offer encouragement for clinical studies of adjunctive CatC inhibitor in patients with PR3-AAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Jerke
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Eulenberg-Gustavus
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anthony Rousselle
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Nicklin
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Marc A Grundl
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Peter Eickholz
- Peridontology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Nickles
- Peridontology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Adrian Schreiber
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ralph Kettritz
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany .,Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Adamski Z, Burchardt D, Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska T, Borysewicz-Lewicka M, Wyganowska-Świątkowska M. Diagnosis of Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome: review of the literature and a case report. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 37:671-676. [PMID: 33240004 PMCID: PMC7675075 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillon-Lefëvre syndrome (PLS), classified as ectodermal dysplasia, is an autosomal recessive condition related to the cathepsin C (CTSC) gene mutation. The first clinical symptoms, occurring most commonly between the ages of 1 and 4, are palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and also periodontitis resulting in the loss of most or all teeth in the same sequence in which they erupted. Most often the redness of palms and soles precede the occurrence of keratoderma. Moreover, excessive sweating, moderate mental retardation, the tendency to purulent skin and internal organs infection may occur. Lack of cathepsin seems to have a crucial role in the intensity of symptoms. In most of the patients, there can be observed impairment of phagocytosis and chemotaxis of neutrophils, granulocytes, leukocytes and cytotoxic lesion of fibroblasts and macrophages. Also, functional impairment of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes is observed. The study, using flow cytometry, showed a decreased percentage of T cells CD8+ and increased CD4:CD8 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zygmunt Adamski
- Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Burchardt
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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3
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Molitor A, Prud'homme T, Miao Z, Conrad S, Bloch-Zupan A, Pichot A, Hanauer A, Isidor B, Bahram S, Carapito R. Exome sequencing identifies a novel missense variant in CTSC causing nonsyndromic aggressive periodontitis. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:689-694. [PMID: 31068678 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0615-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin C (CatC) is a cysteine protease involved in a variety of immune and inflammatory pathways such as activation of cytotoxicity of various immune cells. Homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in the CatC coding gene CTSC cause different conditions that have in common severe periodontitis. Periodontitis may occur as part of Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS; OMIM#245000) or Haim-Munk syndrome (HMS; OMIM#245010), or may present as an isolated finding named aggressive periodontitis (AP1; OMIM#170650). AP1 generally affects young children and results in destruction of the periodontal support of the primary dentition. In the present study we report exome sequencing of a three generation consanguineous Turkish family with a recessive form of early-onset AP1. We identified a novel homozygous missense variant in exon 2 of CTSC (NM_148170, c.G302C, p.Trp101Ser) predicted to disrupt protein structure and to be disease causing. This is the first described CTSC variant specific to the nonsyndromic AP1 form. Given the broad phenotypic spectrum associated with CTSC variants, reporting this novel variant gives new insights on genotype/phenotype correlations and might improve diagnosis of patients with early-onset AP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Molitor
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, plateforme GENOMAX, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tony Prud'homme
- Département d'Odontologie Pédiatrique, UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Unité d'Investigation Clinique Odontologie (UIC), CSERD Nantes, CHU de Nantes, France.,INSERM, UMR 1246, MethodS in Patients-centered outcomes and HEalth ResEarch, Nantes, France
| | - Zhichao Miao
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CD10 1SD, UK.,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Solène Conrad
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Agnès Bloch-Zupan
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire and Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964, Centre Européen de Recherche en Biologie et en Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Angélique Pichot
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, plateforme GENOMAX, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085, Strasbourg, France
| | - Antoine Hanauer
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, plateforme GENOMAX, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Seiamak Bahram
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, plateforme GENOMAX, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085, Strasbourg, France. .,Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Plateau Technique de Biologie, Pôle de Biologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Raphael Carapito
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, plateforme GENOMAX, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), LabEx TRANSPLANTEX, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085, Strasbourg, France. .,Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Plateau Technique de Biologie, Pôle de Biologie, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg, France.
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4
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Lima Cunha D, Alakloby OM, Gruber R, Kakar N, Ahmad J, Alawbathani S, Plank R, Eckl K, Krabichler B, Altmüller J, Nürnberg P, Zschocke J, Borck G, Schmuth M, Alabdulkareem AS, Abdulaziz Alnutaifi K, Hennies HC. Unknown mutations and genotype/phenotype correlations of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis in patients from Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e539. [PMID: 30600594 PMCID: PMC6418373 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous skin disease, associated with defects in the skin permeability barrier. Several but not all genes with underlying mutations have been identified, but a clear correlation between genetic causes and clinical picture has not been described to date. METHODS Our study included 19 families from Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Pakistan. All patients were born to consanguineous parents and diagnosed with ARCI. Mutations were analyzed by homozygosity mapping and direct sequencing. RESULTS We have detected mutations in all families in five different genes: TGM1, ABCA12, CYP4F22, NIPAL4, and ALOXE3. Five likely pathogenic variants were unknown so far, a splice site and a missense variant in TGM1, a splice site variant in NIPAL4, and missense variants in ABCA12 and CYP4F22. We attributed TGM1 and ABCA12 mutations to the most severe forms of lamellar and erythematous ichthyoses, respectively, regardless of treatment. Other mutations highlighted the presence of a phenotypic spectrum in ARCI. CONCLUSION Our results contribute to expanding the mutational spectrum of ARCI and revealed new insights into genotype/phenotype correlations. The findings are instrumental for a faster and more precise diagnosis, a better understanding of the pathophysiology, and the definition of targets for more specific therapies for ARCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Lima Cunha
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.,Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Omar Mohammed Alakloby
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (formerly University of Dammam), Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Naseebullah Kakar
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Biotechnology, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Salem Alawbathani
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roswitha Plank
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.,Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katja Eckl
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.,Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Birgit Krabichler
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,CECAD Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Zschocke
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Guntram Borck
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmuth
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Kholood Abdulaziz Alnutaifi
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (formerly University of Dammam), Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans Christian Hennies
- Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.,Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,CECAD Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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5
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Korkmaz B, Caughey GH, Chapple I, Gauthier F, Hirschfeld J, Jenne DE, Kettritz R, Lalmanach G, Lamort AS, Lauritzen C, Łȩgowska M, Lesner A, Marchand-Adam S, McKaig SJ, Moss C, Pedersen J, Roberts H, Schreiber A, Seren S, Thakker NS. Therapeutic targeting of cathepsin C: from pathophysiology to treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 190:202-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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6
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Seren S, Rashed Abouzaid M, Eulenberg-Gustavus C, Hirschfeld J, Nasr Soliman H, Jerke U, N'Guessan K, Dallet-Choisy S, Lesner A, Lauritzen C, Schacher B, Eickholz P, Nagy N, Szell M, Croix C, Viaud-Massuard MC, Al Farraj Aldosari A, Ragunatha S, Ibrahim Mostafa M, Giampieri F, Battino M, Cornillier H, Lorette G, Stephan JL, Goizet C, Pedersen J, Gauthier F, Jenne DE, Marchand-Adam S, Chapple IL, Kettritz R, Korkmaz B. Consequences of cathepsin C inactivation for membrane exposure of proteinase 3, the target antigen in autoimmune vasculitis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12415-12428. [PMID: 29925593 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane-bound proteinase 3 (PR3m) is the main target antigen of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, a systemic small-vessel vasculitis. Binding of ANCA to PR3m triggers neutrophil activation with the secretion of enzymatically active PR3 and related neutrophil serine proteases, thereby contributing to vascular damage. PR3 and related proteases are activated from pro-forms by the lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin C (CatC) during neutrophil maturation. We hypothesized that pharmacological inhibition of CatC provides an effective measure to reduce PR3m and therefore has implications as a novel therapeutic approach in granulomatosis with polyangiitis. We first studied neutrophilic PR3 from 24 patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS), a genetic form of CatC deficiency. PLS neutrophil lysates showed a largely reduced but still detectable (0.5-4%) PR3 activity when compared with healthy control cells. Despite extremely low levels of cellular PR3, the amount of constitutive PR3m expressed on the surface of quiescent neutrophils and the typical bimodal membrane distribution pattern were similar to what was observed in healthy neutrophils. However, following cell activation, there was no significant increase in the total amount of PR3m on PLS neutrophils, whereas the total amount of PR3m on healthy neutrophils was significantly increased. We then explored the effect of pharmacological CatC inhibition on PR3 stability in normal neutrophils using a potent cell-permeable CatC inhibitor and a CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell model. Human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells were treated with the inhibitor during neutrophil differentiation over 10 days. We observed strong reductions in PR3m, cellular PR3 protein, and proteolytic PR3 activity, whereas neutrophil differentiation was not compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Seren
- From the INSERM U-1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" and Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | | | - Claudia Eulenberg-Gustavus
- the Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité und Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josefine Hirschfeld
- the Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Periodontal Research Group, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Community Health Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, United Kingdom
| | - Hala Nasr Soliman
- Medical Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Uwe Jerke
- the Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité und Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Koffi N'Guessan
- From the INSERM U-1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" and Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Sandrine Dallet-Choisy
- From the INSERM U-1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" and Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Adam Lesner
- the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Beate Schacher
- the Department of Periodontology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Peter Eickholz
- the Department of Periodontology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nikoletta Nagy
- the Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Marta Szell
- the Department of Medical Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Cécile Croix
- UMR-CNRS 7292 "Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer" and Université François Rabelais, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Marie-Claude Viaud-Massuard
- UMR-CNRS 7292 "Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer" and Université François Rabelais, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Abdullah Al Farraj Aldosari
- the Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shivanna Ragunatha
- the Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR Rajajinagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560010, India
| | | | - Francesca Giampieri
- the Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Battino
- the Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Hélène Cornillier
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Gérard Lorette
- UMR-INRA1282 "Laboratoire de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires," Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Jean-Louis Stephan
- the Service d'Hématologie Immunologie et Rhumatologie Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, 42270 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- INSERM U-1211, Rare Diseases, Genetic and Metabolism, MRGM Laboratory, Pellegrin Hospital and University, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Francis Gauthier
- From the INSERM U-1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" and Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Dieter E Jenne
- the Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany.,the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany, and
| | - Sylvain Marchand-Adam
- From the INSERM U-1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" and Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Iain L Chapple
- the Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Periodontal Research Group, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Community Health Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, United Kingdom
| | - Ralph Kettritz
- the Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité und Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany.,the Division of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Department, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- From the INSERM U-1100, "Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires" and Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France,
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7
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Hoffmann JHO, Enk AH. Neutrophil extracellular traps in dermatology: Caught in the NET. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 84:3-10. [PMID: 27481818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil, or polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) constitute the most abundant type of leucocytes in peripheral human blood. One of the major advances in the last decade was the discovery of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation: a process by which neutrophils externalize web-like chromatin strands decorated with antimicrobial peptides. These structures were soon implicated in immune defense and auto-immunity alike and now link neutrophils to the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases of dermatological relevance. Currently, NET formation is mainly subdivided into suicidal and vital NETosis. Controversy exists regarding the capacity of NETs to kill pathogens, and little is known about the way NETs are formed in vivo. Here, we discuss the current terminology, methods for NET quantification, pathways leading to NET formation, and the role of NETs in systemic and cutaneous immune defense and auto-immunity, with a focus on psoriasis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander H Enk
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Tekin B, Yucelten D, Beleggia F, Sarig O, Sprecher E. Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome: report of six patients and identification of a novel mutation. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55:898-902. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Burak Tekin
- Department of Dermatology; Marmara University School of Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Deniz Yucelten
- Department of Dermatology; Marmara University School of Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Filippo Beleggia
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Ofer Sarig
- Department of Dermatology; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Department of Dermatology; Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry; Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
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9
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Hamon Y, Legowska M, Fergelot P, Dallet-Choisy S, Newell L, Vanderlynden L, Kord Valeshabad A, Acrich K, Kord H, Tsamakis C, Morice-Picard F, Surplice I, Zoidakis J, David K, Vlahou A, Ragunatha S, Nagy N, Farkas K, Széll M, Goizet C, Schacher B, Battino M, Al Farraj Aldosari A, Wang X, Liu Y, Marchand-Adam S, Lesner A, Kara E, Korkmaz-Icöz S, Moss C, Eickholz P, Taieb A, Kavukcu S, Jenne DE, Gauthier F, Korkmaz B. Analysis of urinary cathepsin C for diagnosing Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome. FEBS J 2016; 283:498-509. [PMID: 26607765 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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10
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Processing of Neutrophil α-Defensins Does Not Rely on Serine Proteases In Vivo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125483. [PMID: 25945506 PMCID: PMC4422583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-defensins, human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) are the predominant antimicrobial peptides of neutrophil granules. They are synthesized in promyelocytes and myelocytes as proHNPs, but only processed in promyelocytes and stored as mature HNPs in azurophil granules. Despite decades of search, the mechanisms underlying the posttranslational processing of neutrophil defensins remain unidentified. Thus, neither the enzyme that processes proHNPs nor the localization of processing has been identified. It has been hypothesized that proHNPs are processed by the serine proteases highly expressed in promyelocytes: Neutrophil elastase (NE), cathepsin G (CG), and proteinase 3 (PR3), all of which are able to process recombinant proHNP into HNP in vitro. We investigated whether serine proteases are in fact responsible for processing of proHNP in human bone marrow cells and in human and murine myeloid cell lines. Subcellular fractionation of the human promyelocytic cell line PLB-985 demonstrated proHNP processing to commence in fractions containing endoplasmic reticulum. Processing of 35S-proHNP was insensitive to serine protease inhibitors. Simultaneous knockdown of NE, CG, and PR3 did not decrease proHNP processing in primary human bone marrow cells. Furthermore, introduction of NE, CG, and PR3 into murine promyelocytic cells did not enhance the proHNP processing capability. Finally, two patients suffering from Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome, who lack active neutrophil serine proteases, demonstrated normal levels of fully processed HNP in peripheral neutrophils. Contradicting earlier assumptions, our study found serine proteases dispensable for processing of proHNPs in vivo. This calls for study of other protease classes in the search for the proHNP processing protease(s).
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Eick S, Puklo M, Adamowicz K, Kantyka T, Hiemstra P, Stennicke H, Guentsch A, Schacher B, Eickholz P, Potempa J. Lack of cathelicidin processing in Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome patients reveals essential role of LL-37 in periodontal homeostasis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:148. [PMID: 25260376 PMCID: PMC4181722 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-014-0148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Loss-of-function point mutations in the cathepsin C gene are the underlying genetic event in patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS). PLS neutrophils lack serine protease activity essential for cathelicidin LL-37 generation from hCAP18 precursor. Aim We hypothesized that a local deficiency of LL-37 in the infected periodontium is mainly responsible for one of the clinical hallmark of PLS: severe periodontitis already in early childhood. Methods To confirm this effect, we compared the level of neutrophil-derived enzymes and antimicrobial peptides in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva from PLS, aggressive and chronic periodontitis patients. Results Although neutrophil numbers in GCF were present at the same level in all periodontitis groups, LL-37 was totally absent in GCF from PLS patients despite the large amounts of its precursor, hCAP18. The absence of LL-37 in PLS patients coincided with the deficiency of both cathepsin C and protease 3 activities. The presence of other neutrophilic anti-microbial peptides in GCF from PLS patients, such as alpha-defensins, were comparable to that found in chronic periodontitis. In PLS microbial analysis revealed a high prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans infection. Most strains were susceptible to killing by LL-37. Conclusions Collectively, these findings imply that the lack of protease 3 activation by dysfunctional cathepsin C in PLS patients leads to the deficit of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions of LL-37 in the gingiva, allowing for infection with A. actinomycetemcomitans and the development of severe periodontal disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13023-014-0148-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Sørensen OE, Clemmensen SN, Dahl SL, Østergaard O, Heegaard NH, Glenthøj A, Nielsen FC, Borregaard N. Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome patient reveals species-dependent requirements for neutrophil defenses. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:4539-48. [PMID: 25244098 DOI: 10.1172/jci76009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) results from mutations that inactivate cysteine protease cathepsin C (CTSC), which processes a variety of serine proteases considered essential for antimicrobial defense. Despite serine protease-deficient immune cell populations, PLS patients do not exhibit marked immunodeficiency. Here, we characterized a 24-year-old woman who had suffered from severe juvenile periodontal disease, but was otherwise healthy, and identified a homozygous missense mutation in CTSC indicative of PLS. Proteome analysis of patient neutrophil granules revealed that several proteins that normally localize to azurophil granules, including the major serine proteases, elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3, were absent. Accordingly, neutrophils from this patient were incapable of producing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to ROS and were unable to process endogenous cathelicidin hCAP-18 into the antibacterial peptide LL-37 in response to ionomycin. In immature myeloid cells from patient bone marrow, biosynthesis of CTSC and neutrophil serine proteases appeared normal along with initial processing and sorting to cellular storage. In contrast, these proteins were completely absent in mature neutrophils, indicating that CTSC mutation promotes protease degradation in more mature hematopoietic subsets, but does not affect protease production in progenitor cells. Together, these data indicate CTSC protects serine proteases from degradation in mature immune cells and suggest that neutrophil serine proteases are dispensable for human immunoprotection.
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Abstract
Neutrophils exert potent antimicrobial activities in their role as first-line cellular defenders against infection. The synergistic and collective actions of oxidants and granule proteins, including serine proteases, support the microbial killing in phagosomes, where most neutrophil-mediated antimicrobial action occurs. In addition to phagocytosis, specific stimuli prompt neutrophils to extrude a matrix of DNA, histones, and granule proteins to produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which can trap microbes. Mice lacking the serine proteases necessary for NET production are more susceptible to infection, an observation suggesting that functional NETs are required for host protection. In this issue of the JCI, Sørensen and colleagues characterize neutrophils from a patient with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome. The patient has an inactivating mutation in the gene encoding dipeptidyl peptidase I, resulting in neutrophils lacking elastase, a serine protease required for NET production. Despite the inability to form NETS, neutrophils from this patient killed pathogens in vitro, and the patient did not exhibit evidence of an increased propensity toward bacterial infections. Together, these results suggest that proteases in human neutrophils are dispensable for protection against bacterial infection and that the ability to generate NETs in vitro does not compromise host defense.
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Schackert HK, Agha-Hosseini F, Görgens H, Jatzwauk M, von Kannen S, Noack B, Eckelt U, Hoffmann P, Shabestari SB, Mehdipour P. Complete homozygous deletion of CTSC in an Iranian family with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome. Int J Dermatol 2014; 53:885-7. [PMID: 23556547 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans K Schackert
- Department of Surgical Research, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Nagy N, Vályi P, Csoma Z, Sulák A, Tripolszki K, Farkas K, Paschali E, Papp F, Tóth L, Fábos B, Kemény L, Nagy K, Széll M. CTSC and Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome: detection of recurrent mutations in Hungarian patients, a review of published variants and database update. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2014; 2:217-28. [PMID: 24936511 PMCID: PMC4049362 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS; OMIM 245000) is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and periodontitis. In 1997, the gene locus for PLS was mapped to 11q14-21, and in 1999, variants in the cathepsin C gene (CTSC) were identified as causing PLS. To date, a total of 75 different disease-causing mutations have been published for the CTSC gene. A summary of recurrent mutations identified in Hungarian patients and a review of published mutations is presented in this update. Comparison of clinical features in affected families with the same mutation strongly confirm that identical mutations of the CTSC gene can give rise to multiple different phenotypes, making genotype-phenotype correlations difficult. Variable expression of the phenotype associated with the same CTSC mutation may reflect the influence of other genetic and/or environmental factors. Most mutations are missense (53%), nonsense (23%), or frameshift (17%); however, in-frame deletions, one splicing variant, and one 5' untranslated region (UTR) mutation have also been reported. The majority of the mutations are located in exons 5-7, which encodes the heavy chain of the cathepsin C protein, suggesting that tetramerization is important for cathepsin C enzymatic activity. All the data reviewed here have been submitted to the CTSC base, a mutation registry for PLS at http://bioinf.uta.fi/CTSCbase/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Nagy
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
- Dermatological Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Vályi
- Department of Periodontology, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - Zsanett Csoma
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Sulák
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | | | - Katalin Farkas
- Dermatological Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - Ekaterine Paschali
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Papp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - Lola Tóth
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - Beáta Fábos
- Mór Kaposi Teaching HospitalKaposvár, Hungary
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
- Dermatological Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Nagy
- Department of Periodontology, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
| | - Márta Széll
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
- Dermatological Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of SzegedSzeged, Hungary
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Vieira AR, Albandar JM. Role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of aggressive periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2014; 65:92-106. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kobayashi T, Sugiura K, Takeichi T, Akiyama M. The novelCTSChomozygous nonsense mutation p.Lys106X in a patient with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome with all permanent teeth remaining at over 40 years of age. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169:948-50. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Kobayashi
- Department of Dermatology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; 65 Tsurumai-cho Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8550 Japan
| | - K. Sugiura
- Department of Dermatology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; 65 Tsurumai-cho Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8550 Japan
| | - T. Takeichi
- Department of Dermatology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; 65 Tsurumai-cho Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8550 Japan
- Department of Dermatology; Inazawa City Hospital; 1-1 Gokusho-cho Inazawa 492-8510 Japan
| | - M. Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; 65 Tsurumai-cho Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8550 Japan
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Perera NC, Wiesmüller KH, Larsen MT, Schacher B, Eickholz P, Borregaard N, Jenne DE. NSP4 is stored in azurophil granules and released by activated neutrophils as active endoprotease with restricted specificity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2700-7. [PMID: 23904161 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Whereas neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3 have been known as granule-associated serine proteases of neutrophils for decades, a fourth member, called neutrophil serine protease 4 (NSP4), was just recently described and provisionally characterized. In this study, we identified NSP4 as a novel azurophil granule protein of neutrophils by Western blot analyses of subcellular fractions as well as by RT-PCR analyses of neutrophil precursors from human bone marrow. The highest mRNA levels were observed in myeloblasts and promyelocytes, similar to myeloperoxidase, a marker of azurophil granules. To determine the extended sequence specificity of recombinant NSP4, we used an iterative fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based optimization strategy. In total, 142 different peptide substrates with arginine in P1 and variations at the P1', P2', P3, P4, and P2 positions were tested. This enabled us to construct an α1-proteinase inhibitor variant (Ile-Lys-Pro-Arg-/-Ser-Ile-Pro) with high specificity for NSP4. This tailor-made serpin was shown to form covalent complexes with all NSP4 of neutrophil lysates and supernatants of activated neutrophils, indicating that NSP4 is fully processed and stored as an already activated enzyme in azurophil granules. Moreover, cathepsin C was identified as the activator of NSP4 in vivo, as cathepsin C deficiency resulted in a complete absence of NSP4 in a Papillon-Lefèvre patient. Our in-depth analysis of NSP4 establishes this arginine-specific protease as a genuine member of preactivated serine proteases stored in azurophil granules of human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha C Perera
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Nickles K, Schacher B, Ratka-Krüger P, Krebs M, Eickholz P. Long-term results after treatment of periodontitis in patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome: success and failure. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40:789-98. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Nickles
- Department of Periodontology; Center for Dental, Oral, and Maxillofacial Medicine (Carolinum); Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main; Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Beate Schacher
- Department of Periodontology; Center for Dental, Oral, and Maxillofacial Medicine (Carolinum); Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main; Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Petra Ratka-Krüger
- Section of Periodontology; Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology; University Medical Center Freiburg; Dental School and Hospital; Freiburg Germany
| | - Mischa Krebs
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology; Center for Dental, Oral, and Maxillofacial Medicine (Carolinum); Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main; Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Peter Eickholz
- Department of Periodontology; Center for Dental, Oral, and Maxillofacial Medicine (Carolinum); Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main; Frankfurt am Main Germany
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Kosem R, Debeljak M, Repic Lampret B, Kansky A, Battelino T, Trebuak Podkrajek K. Cathepsin C Gene 5'-Untranslated Region Mutation in Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome. Dermatology 2012; 225:193-203. [DOI: 10.1159/000342509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Nickles K, Schacher B, Schuster G, Valesky E, Eickholz P. Evaluation of Two Siblings With Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome 5 Years After Treatment of Periodontitis in Primary and Mixed Dentition. J Periodontol 2011; 82:1536-47. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2011.100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Sadik CD, Noack B, Schacher B, Pfeilschifter J, Mühl H, Eickholz P. Cytokine production by leukocytes of Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome patients in whole blood cultures. Clin Oral Investig 2011; 16:591-7. [PMID: 21380503 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-011-0532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is characterised by aggressively progressive periodontitis combined with palmo-plantar hyperkeratosis. It is caused by "loss of function" mutations in the cathepsin C gene. The hypothesis behind this study is that PLS patients' polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) produce more proinflammatory cytokines to compensate for their reduced capacity to neutralize leukotoxin and to eliminate Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Production of more interleukin (IL)-8 would result in the attraction of more PMNs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytokine profile in PLS patients' blood cultures. Blood was sampled from eight PLS patients (one female) from six families (antiinfective therapy completed: six; edentulous: two) with confirmed cathepsin C mutations and deficient enzyme activity. Nine healthy males served as controls. Whole blood cultures were stimulated with highly pure lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli R515 and IL-1β plus tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Thereafter, release of IL-1β (stimulation: LPS and LPS plus adenosine triphosphate), IL-6, IL-8, interferon-inducible protein (IP)-10, and interferon (IFN)-γ (stimulation: LPS, IL-1β/TNFα) were detected by ELISA. Medians of cytokine release were, with the exception of IP-10, slightly higher for PLS than for controls' cultures. None of these differences reached statistical significance. Increased production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, or IFNγ as a significant means to compensate for diminished activity and stability of polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived proteases could not be confirmed in this study. Cytokine profiles in blood cultures may not be used to identify PLS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Sadik
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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de Carvalho FM, Tinoco EMB, Govil M, Marazita ML, Vieira AR. Aggressive periodontitis is likely influenced by a few small effect genes. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36:468-73. [PMID: 19453571 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2009.01410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the inheritance mode of aggressive periodontitis in a collection of families with a similar geographic origin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Segregation analysis was performed in pedigree data from 74 families by the use of the SEGREG program of SAGE v.5.4.2. Homogeneous no transmission, homogeneous Mendelian transmission, homogeneous general transmission, semi-general transmission and heterogeneous general transmission models were tested assuming the prevalence of aggressive periodontitis as 1% and no deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The parameters of the model were estimated by the method of maximum likelihood, which provides the overall ln (likelihood), -2ln and the AIC (Akaike's score) for each model. The likelihood ratio test (LRT) was used to compare each model against a fully general model (p>0.05). RESULTS The most parsimonious mode of inheritance was the semi-general transmission model that allows the heterozygote transmission probability to vary. CONCLUSION This result provides strong support for the hypothesis that genetic factors play a role in aggressive periodontitis and that a few loci, each with relatively small effects, contribute to aggressive periodontitis, with or without interaction with environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia M de Carvalho
- Department of Periodontology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Castori M, Madonna S, Giannetti L, Floriddia G, Milioto M, Amato S, Castiglia D. Novel CTSC mutations in a patient with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome with recurrent pyoderma and minimal oral and palmoplantar involvement. Br J Dermatol 2008; 160:881-3. [PMID: 18945301 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08878.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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