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de Souza TR, Zancope BR, de Sousa ET, Parisotto TM, Rocha Marques M, Nobre dos Santos M. Sucrose rinse modulates the salivary behavior of carbonic anhydrase VI and its buffering capacity: a longitudinal study in 4 to 6.5-year-old children. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17429. [PMID: 38827285 PMCID: PMC11144396 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) is crucial in regulating oral pH and predicting susceptibility to dental caries. The hypothesis posits that caries activity may alter the CA VI function, diminishing its capacity to regulate pH effectively and potentially exacerbating cariogenic challenges. This 1-year cohort study sought to investigate the enzymatic activity of salivary CA VI and buffering capacity following a 20% sucrose rinse in 4 to 6.5-year-old children. Method This research involved 46 volunteers categorized into three groups based on their caries status after follow-up: caries-free (CFee), arrested caries (CArrested), and caries active (CActive). Children underwent visible biofilm examination and saliva collection for salivary flow rate, buffering capacity, and CA VI analyses before and after a 20% sucrose rinse. Results A reduction in the buffering capacity was observed after sucrose rinse in all groups. The CA VI activity decreased significantly in CFee and CArrested groups after sucrose rinse, although it did not change in the CActive group. An improvement in the buffering capacity and salivary flow rate was found at follow-up when compared with the baseline. After 1-year follow-up, buffering capacity and salivary flow rate increased in all groups, whilst the CA VI activity reduced only in CFree and CArrested children. Conclusion Sucrose rinse universally reduces the salivary buffering capacity, while caries activity may disrupt CA VI activity response during a cariogenic challenge. After a year, increased salivary flow enhances buffering capacity but not CA VI activity in caries-active children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayse Rodrigues de Souza
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Raquel Zancope
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emerson Tavares de Sousa
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Manzano Parisotto
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, São Francisco University Dental School, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rocha Marques
- Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marinês Nobre dos Santos
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pinto RDS, Vettore MV, de Abreu MHGN, Palmier AC, de Moura RNV, Roncalli AG. Reliability analysis using the in-lux examination method for dental indices in adolescents for use in epidemiological studies. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2023; 51:847-853. [PMID: 35864597 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in-lux examination method to assess the reliability of examiners for oral health surveys. METHODS A calibration study involving 10 examiners and 27 patients was conducted, and high-quality photographs of dental epidemiological indices were projected. The latter refers to the in-lux examination method. Two groups, comprised of five examiners each, were trained to assess dental caries (DMFT index) and malocclusion (DAI). The first group carried out in vivo (clinical) and in-lux examinations in the same patients. The second group performed in-lux examinations only. The measurements were repeated to obtain intraexaminer weighted kappa coefficients. RESULTS Interexaminer weighted kappa coefficients of the in vivo examination method for DMFT and DAI ranged from 0.597 to 0.851 and from 0.574 to 0.844, respectively. The values for in-lux examination were between 0.440 and 0.856 (DMFT) and between 0.524 and 0.783 (DAI). The intraexaminer kappa coefficients of the in vivo examination method ranged between 0.569 and 0.851 (DMFT) and between 0.644 and 0.834 (DAI). In the in-lux method, these values were between 0.426 and 0.831 (DMFT) and between 0.341 and 0.838 (DAI). Three examiners did not reach the minimum acceptable kappa value (k = 0.610) for DMFT, and one for DAI. Of these, one examiner managed to reach the minimum kappa coefficient for DMFT after additional training. The three others maintained the kappa coefficients at lower than acceptable limits. CONCLUSIONS Calibration, using both in vivo and in-lux examination methods, was able to discriminate the examiners regarding their reliability to reproduce dental indices. The in-lux examination method was considered reliable and can replace the in vivo examination method. The in-lux method might be more feasible to evaluate the reliability of examiners when clinical calibration is unrealistic due to logistic issues and when a large number of examiners are involved in the survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela da Silveira Pinto
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mario Vianna Vettore
- Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | | | - Andrea Clemente Palmier
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rosa Núbia Vieira de Moura
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Dental Caries and Its Management. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:9365845. [PMID: 36636170 PMCID: PMC9831703 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9365845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives In recent years, the management of dental caries has evolved significantly. Caries prevention, early detection, and a diagnosis based on risk indicators and risk factor assessments are the most current practical approaches. Furthermore, as proposed in minimally invasive dentistry, the new management approaches preserve healthy tissue and maintain pulp vitality. This article overviews the latest minimally invasive dental caries management and treatment options. The information will assist the reader in the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of dental caries. Materials and Methods The PubMed (MEDLINE) search engine was used to gather the most relevant information on dental caries. The search was restricted to five years (May 30, 2018-May 29, 2022), and only English-language studies were accessed. A Boolean search of the PubMed data set was implemented to combine a range of keywords. The following filters were applied: abstract, free full text, full text, clinical trial, randomised control trial, systematic review, meta-analysis, and review. More studies were also obtained by manual searches from Google Scholar and textbooks on dental caries. Results By using this process, 683 articles and studies were obtained. The most relevant published studies were chosen and used in the current review. The selected articles are included in the references list. However, the search extended to cover the last five years as our understanding and management of dental caries have changed significantly. Conclusions Early detection and diagnosis of caries based on risk indicators and risk factor assessments are effective. Furthermore, minimally invasive restorative techniques are beneficial in managing dental caries and preserving healthy tissue and should be used whenever possible. This new information, knowledge, and materials should encourage professionals to implement this method. Having a strategy and system based on patient-centred care is critical, and our dental responsibilities must prioritise patient-centred care.
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NABARRETTE M, SANTOS PRD, ASSAF AV, AMBROSANO GMB, MENEGHIM MDC, VEDOVELLO SAS, CORTELLAZZI KL. Longitudinal study for dental caries calibration of dentists unexperienced in epidemiological surveys. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e023. [PMID: 37018805 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to make a longitudinal analysis of interexaminer calibration reproducibility in diagnosing dental caries in posterior teeth, by examiners without previous experience in epidemiological studies. A group of 11 inexperienced examiners underwent theoretical-practical training and calibration assessments, assisted by a standard examiner. An examiner who did not participate directly in the research selected 5-year-old children with and without caries. The D3 diagnostic threshold was used to evaluate dental caries, based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The initial calibration (baseline) was performed after the theoretical-practical training session, and consisted of examining 20 children; the second calibration occurred three months later, and involved evaluating another 18 children. The interexaminer agreement was obtained by kappa statistics, and by overall percentage agreement. The paired t-test was applied to compare the values for kappa means and overall percentage agreement between the time points studied. At baseline, the values for kappa (> 0.81) and overall percentage agreement (> 95.63%) were considered high. At the 3-month calibration assessment, all the examiners showed some decrease in both kappa (p < 0.0001) and overall percentage agreement (p = 0.0102). The calibration process currently proposed by the WHO is effective. However, reproducibility was not maintained over time for inexperienced examiners evaluating the posterior teeth of 5-year-old children, under epidemiological conditions.
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Biofilm accumulation and sucrose rinse modulate calcium and fluoride bioavailability in the saliva of children with early childhood caries. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10283. [PMID: 35717506 PMCID: PMC9206641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the combined effect of biofilm accumulation and 20% sucrose rinse on the modulation of calcium (Ca2+), phosphate (Pi), and fluoride (F-) bioavailability in the saliva of children with early childhood caries (ECC). Fifty-six preschoolers of both genders were evaluated according to caries experience and activity: caries-free (CF, n = 28) and with ECC (n = 28) and then, submitted to biofilm intervention (biofilm accumulation). In each situation, saliva samples were collected before and five minutes after a 20% sucrose rinse to determine the concentrations of Ca2+, Pi, and F-. Calcium concentration was significantly lower in the biofilm accumulation situation compared to the situation of biofilm mechanical control (p ≤ 0.01), except for CF children after sucrose rinse. Biofilm accumulation increased salivary calcium concentration in children with ECC after sucrose rinse (p = 0.04), whereas mechanical biofilm control reduced it in both groups (p = 0.000). Phosphate concentration was influenced by mechanical control of biofilm in CF children (p = 0.03). The fluoride bioavailability was reduced by sucrose rinse and biofilm accumulation in CF and ECC children (p ≤ 0.002). In conclusion, the combined effect of biofilm accumulation and sucrose rinse modifies the bioavailability of calcium and fluoride in the saliva of children with early childhood caries.
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Leme LAFP, Rizzardi KF, Santos IB, Parisotto TM. Exploring the Relationship between Salivary Levels of TNF-α, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Obesity, and Caries in Early Childhood. Pathogens 2022; 11:579. [PMID: 35631100 PMCID: PMC9145422 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to explore the relationship between tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus), Lactobacillus gasseri (L. gasseri), obesity, and early childhood caries. After caries and obesity diagnosis based on the WHO criteria, 94 preschoolers were assessed. Unstimulated saliva was collected for analysis of TNF-α by the Milliplex system and for L. acidophilus and L. gasseri using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In obese children, each unit increase in the body mass index (BMI), and the TNF-α levels was associated with a one-time increase in the number of decayed surfaces (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, in eutrophic preschoolers, the presence of L. gasseri and L. acidophilus was linked, respectively, to an increase of 3.04 and 1.59 times in the number of decayed surfaces (p < 0.05); in obese children, the presence of L. acidophilus was not significant (p > 0.05) and L. gasseri was shown as a possible protective indicator (RR:0.49−p < 0.05). In conclusion, TNF-α and BMI were connected to carious lesions only in obese preschoolers, suggesting that inflammation could be underscored when both pathologies are concomitant. The presence of both species of lactobacilli investigated was connected with early childhood caries in eutrophic children, whereas in obese children only L. gasseri was significant, and in an opposite way, reinforcing that obesity can modulate oral bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thaís Manzano Parisotto
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo 12916-900, Brazil; (L.A.F.P.L.); (K.F.R.); (I.B.S.)
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Gudipaneni RK, Alkuwaykibi AS, Ganji KK, Bandela V, Karobari MI, Hsiao CY, Kulkarni S, Thambar S. Assessment of caries diagnostic thresholds of DMFT, ICDAS II and CAST in the estimation of caries prevalence rate in first permanent molars in early permanent dentition-a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:133. [PMID: 35443630 PMCID: PMC9022274 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The actual burden of dental caries prevalence varies with the caries assessment tool used. Therefore, the present study evaluated the caries diagnostic potentials of Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT); International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) II and Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) indices in estimating the caries prevalence rate of first permanent molar (FPM) in Saudi male children aged 7–9 years. Methods This descriptive, cross-sectional study included 390 children by multistage stratified cluster sampling method in Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia. The prevalence rates of FPM caries were determined by DMFT, ICDAS II and CAST indices at various diagnostic cut-off points. Intra- and inter-examiner reliability was determined. Results The prevalence rates of FPM caries determined by DMFT (decayed), ICDAS II (codes 1–6) and CAST (codes 3–7) were 64.4% (61.6–67.2), 71.5% (69.2–73.2) and 71.0% (68.7–73.3), respectively. The prevalence rates of FPM caries determined by ICDAS II at various diagnostic cut-offs were as follows: ‘sound’ (code ‘0’), 28.5% (26.3–30.8); ‘enamel caries’ (codes 1–3), 57.2% (54.7–59.7) and ‘dentinal caries’ (codes 4–6), 14.3% (12.6–16.1). Similarly, the prevalence rates estimated by CAST at different diagnostic cut-off points were: ‘healthy’ (scores 0–2), 28.1% (25.9–30.4); ‘premorbid’ (score 3, enamel carious), 56.5% (54.0–59.0); ‘morbid’ (scores 4–5, cavitated carious dentin), 7.9% (6.6–9.3); ‘severe morbidity’ (scores 6–7, pulp exposure/fistula/abscess), 6.6% (5.4–8.1) and ‘mortality’ (score 8, lost), 0.8% (0.4–1.4). Conclusion Enamel caries lesions were found in more than half of the FPMs investigated in the current study. CAST index is preferable because it detects the complete spectrum of caries. ICDAS II at codes 1–6 and CAST at codes 3–7 projected similar caries prevalence rates in FPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Gudipaneni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed Saud Alkuwaykibi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiran Kumar Ganji
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vinod Bandela
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.,Department of Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, 12211, Cambodia
| | - Chih-Yi Hsiao
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sachin Kulkarni
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Adelaide University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Samuel Thambar
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Diamanti I, Berdouses ED, Kavvadia K, Arapostathis KN, Polychronopoulou A, Oulis CJ. Dental Caries Prevalence and Experience (ICDAS II Criteria) of 5-, 12- and 15-Year-Old Children and Adolescents with an Immigrant Background in Greece, Compared with the Host Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:14. [PMID: 35010274 PMCID: PMC8751141 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Evidence regarding disparities in oral health among native and immigrant child and adolescent populations in Europe is scarce. The present study aimed to determine the caries status of 5-, 12-, and 15-year-olds with an immigrant background in Greece in relation to their sociodemographic characteristics and compare their caries levels with those of their native Greek peers. A sample of 707 immigrants underwent clinical examination for caries (ICDAS II criteria), followed by a calculation of caries prevalence and experience estimates (2013-2014). Multivariable regression models assessed the effect of ethnic background on the caries experience (d3-6mfs/D3-6MFS) of the total (707 immigrants and 3702 Greeks) population, and the association between parental education level and the immigrants' d3-6mfs/D3-6MFS. Among the 5- and 12-year-olds, those with an immigrant background demonstrated higher caries rates and had unfulfilled treatment needs at higher proportions. Among 15-year-old adolescents, no considerable differences in caries status were observed according to ethnic background (native Greek or immigrant). The strength of the association between immigrant background and caries experience levels attenuated gradually with increasing age (IRR = 1.61, 1.27 and 1.10, and p = 0.001, p = 0.006 and p = 0.331 for 5-, 12- and 15-year-olds, respectively). Among the immigrants, adolescents with less educated mothers exhibited elevated caries levels. Public health strategies should prioritize immigrant children and early adolescents in order to reduce the existing ethnic disparities in oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Diamanti
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Katerina Kavvadia
- Department of Dentistry, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenous Str., 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Konstantinos N. Arapostathis
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Argy Polychronopoulou
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Constantine J. Oulis
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
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de-Sousa ET, Lima-Holanda AT, Nobre-Dos-Santos M. Carbonic anhydrase VI activity in saliva and biofilm can predict early childhood caries: A preliminary study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2021; 31:361-371. [PMID: 32815217 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate whether carbonic anhydrase VI activity (CA VIACT ), pH, and buffering capacity (BC) in saliva and biofilm could predict the number of lesion occurrence and early childhood caries (ECC). DESIGN A cross-sectional study was performed in a sample of 44 children aged 4 to 5 years who were examined regarding their caries status (dmfs + active white spot lesions-WSL) and allocated into two groups: ECC and caries-free (CF). Saliva and biofilm were collected to determine pH, BC, and CA VIACT . Data were analyzed using the Student t test, and multiple linear regression and logistic regression analyses followed by the ROC curve. RESULTS Children with ECC exhibited lower pH and BC in saliva and a higher CA VIACT in both saliva and biofilm. Only saliva pH could predict the dmfs + active WSL. In biofilm, if CA VIACT is increased by one pixel/µg, 0.85 ± 0.28 increase is expected in the number of active WSL. Salivary pH and CA VIACT in saliva and biofilm had the power to predict ECC occurrence. CONCLUSION Changes in saliva pH and CA VIACT in biofilm predicted the number of lesion occurrence. Furthermore, CA VIACT in both saliva and biofilm can predict propensity for ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Tavares de-Sousa
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Tavares Lima-Holanda
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Marinês Nobre-Dos-Santos
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
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10
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The role of mechanical control of biofilm in the salivary pH after sucrose exposure in children with early childhood caries. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7496. [PMID: 33820926 PMCID: PMC8021547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This quasi-experimental study sought to investigate if the mechanical control of biofilm (3-times-a-day) modifies the saliva’s ability to buffer the oral environment after 20% sucrose rinse (SR20%) in children with early childhood caries (ECC). Here, SR20% reduced the saliva’s pH in both groups and the mechanical control of biofilm had a greater effect on this parameter after SR20% in CF children. The mechanical control of biofilm evidenced a higher buffering capacity in CF children before SR20%, which was not observed after SR20%. Otherwise, the absence of mechanical control of biofilm showed that buffering capacity was comparable in the two groups before SR20%, whereas after SR20% the saliva’s buffering capacity of CF children was higher than ECC children. When biofilm was mechanically controlled, carbonic anhydrase VI activity did not change after SR20% whereas the absence of mechanical control of biofilm reduced this enzyme activity after SR20%. In conclusion, the mechanical control of biofilm did not change saliva’s ability to buffer the oral environment after SR20% in children with ECC. On the other hand, CF children appeared to regulate more effectively the saliva’s pH than ECC children while the absence of mechanical control of biofilm mediated their pH-modifying ability after SR20%.
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Diamanti I, Berdouses ED, Kavvadia K, Arapostathis KN, Reppa C, Sifakaki M, Panagopoulou O, Polychronopoulou A, Oulis CJ. Caries prevalence and caries experience (ICDAS II criteria) of 5-, 12- and 15-year-old Greek children in relation to socio-demographic risk indicators. Trends at the national level in a period of a decade. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 22:619-631. [PMID: 33423209 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the caries status of 5, 12 and 15-year-old Greek children, assess how disease parameters are related to socio-demographic indicators and identify relevant trends at the national level. METHODS A stratified cluster sample of 3702 children in total was randomly selected and examined clinically for caries (ICDAS II criteria). Caries experience was outlined by adapting ICDAS0-6 criteria to the d/D component of the WHO dmf/DMF index configuration. Percentages (%) of caries experience-free children, of children with initial caries (ICDAS1-2), and the mean d1-2t/D1-2T, d3-6mft/D3-6MFT and d3-6mfs/D3-6MFS indices were calculated. The probability of presenting with d1-2t/D1-2T ≥ 1 was assessed by binary logistic regression analysis, whereas negative binomial regression models examined the effect of socio-demographic parameters on d3-6mfs/D3-6MFS indices (level of significance: p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS 60.1%, 48.1%, and 34.7% of the 5, 12, and 15-year-old children, respectively, had no caries experience at the defect level (d3-6mft/D3-6MFT = 0). Initial lesions (ICDAS1-2) were detected in 17.7%, 19.3% and 17.4% of the 5, 12 and 15-year-olds, accordingly. Mean d1-2t/D1-2T was 0.93, 1.70, and 2.51, whereas mean d3-6mft/D3-6MFT was 1.48, 1.61, and 2.46 for the 5, 12, and 15-year-olds, respectively. Children with higher educated parents and 15-year-old urban residents exhibited significantly less caries experience at the defect level. Initial caries lesions presented a significantly higher probability of being detected in urban-residing 5- and 15-year-olds, while no consistent trend could be identified for parental education level. Caries prevalence and experience levels declined for all age groups in ten years. CONCLUSION Although the dental health of Greek children has improved disparities remain, calling for organised primary and secondary preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Diamanti
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon 2, Goudi, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
| | - Elias D Berdouses
- Paediatric Dentistry Practice, 22 Kodrou str, Halandri, 15231, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Kavvadia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Konstantinos N Arapostathis
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Argy Polychronopoulou
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon 2, Goudi, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantine J Oulis
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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de Sousa ET, Lima-Holanda AT, Sales LS, Nobre-Dos-Santos M. Combined effect of starch and sucrose on carbonic anhydrase VI activity in saliva and biofilm of children with early childhood caries. Exposure to starch and sucrose alters carbonic anhydrase VI activity in saliva and biofilm. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:2555-2568. [PMID: 32918121 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate whether combined exposure to starch and sucrose modifies the activity of carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) in saliva (Study 1) and biofilm (Study 2) of children with early childhood caries (ECC). MATERIAL AND METHODS For Study 1 and Study 2, respectively, 54 and 46 preschoolers aged 4 to 5 were allocated into two groups: caries-free (CF) and with ECC. Children were exposed to rinses with sucrose, starch, and sucrose plus starch solutions. CA VI activity, pH, and buffering capacity (BC) were evaluated in saliva and biofilm. RESULTS In Study 1, a significant reduction in saliva pH was observed after sucrose and sucrose plus starch rinses. CA VI activity was influenced by ECC independently of the type of carbohydrate to which children were exposed. CA VI activity was higher in children with ECC; however, after rinses, CA VI activity was reduced. In Study 2, biofilm pH and BC were reduced after rinses with sucrose and sucrose plus starch. CA VI activity was significantly high before rinse in ECC group when compared with CF group; however, no difference was observed between groups after rinses. CONCLUSIONS In saliva, exposure to starch and sucrose (isolated or combined) induced a reduction in CA VI activity in children with ECC. In biofilm, the combination of starch and sucrose did not modify CA VI activity in ECC children. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The responsivity of the CA VI reflects directly in important parameters related to the pH maintenance on the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Tavares de Sousa
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Aline Tavares Lima-Holanda
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Luciana Solera Sales
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Marinês Nobre-Dos-Santos
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
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Inclusion of initial caries lesions in a population-based sample of Brazilian preschool children: Impact on estimates and treatment needs. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234122. [PMID: 32559191 PMCID: PMC7304588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess changes in epidemiological estimates and treatment needed when initial caries lesions are included in a population-based survey of preschool children. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a Brazilian municipality, collecting data of preschool children in 16 health centers. Caries detection used the merged codes (epi-codes) for ICDAS/ICCMS. An option for treatment, according to ICCMS, was chosen during the examination. Caries experience (dmft/dmfs) and prevalence were estimated considering three thresholds (A- initial, moderate, and severe lesions, B- only moderate and severe lesions and C- severe lesions). Incremental need for non-operative care was also verified. The sample consisted of 663 children aged 2–4 years (response rate of 99.85%). Including initial lesions, a 2-fold increase in dmft was observed (A: 3.36, B: 1.02, p<0.001). With the inclusion, the caries prevalence increased to 75% compared to threshold B only (28%). The majority (76%) of children who required any intervention (56%) should be scheduled for non-operative care. We suggest that including initial caries lesions in an epidemiological survey may significantly impact assessment of population caries experience.
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de Sousa ET, Lima-Holanda AT, Nobre-Dos-Santos M. Changes in the salivary electrolytic dynamic after sucrose exposure in children with Early Childhood Caries. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4146. [PMID: 32139791 PMCID: PMC7057989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to explore if the effect of 20% sucrose rinse (SR) on the salivary electrolytic concentration of calcium (Ca2+), phosphate (Pi) and fluoride (F-) in children with Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is different from healthy children. Here, fifty-eight preschoolers aged 3 to 5 years were divided into 2 groups: caries-free (CF) and with ECC. Changes in saliva flow rate, pH and buffering capacity (BC), as well as in concentrations of Ca2+, Pi, and F-, and the degree of saturation in relation to hydroxyapatite (DSS HAp) and fluorapatite (DSS FAp) were evaluated. The pre-rinse [Ca2+] was higher in the ECC group in the CF group. A significant increase in [Ca2+] was demonstrated after SR in the CF group (p = 0.05). The [Pi] was reduced by 18% after SR in the ECC group (p = 0.007). The [F-] reduced in both groups after SR (p < 0.000). There was a moderate positive correlation between [Ca2+] and the DSS HAp and DSS FAp. Multivariate analysis showed that children with a higher [Ca2+] in pre-rinse saliva are more likely to have ECC. In conclusion, the effect of a 20% sucrose rinse on the electrolytic concentration of Ca2+, Pi and F- was different when children with ECC were compared with CF children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Tavares de Sousa
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Aline Tavares Lima-Holanda
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Marinês Nobre-Dos-Santos
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13414-903, Brazil.
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15
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Picco DCR, Marangoni-Lopes L, Parisotto TM, Mattos-Graner R, Nobre-Dos-Santos M. Activity of Carbonic Anhydrase VI is Higher in Dental Biofilm of Children with Caries. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112673. [PMID: 31151296 PMCID: PMC6600353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated pH, activity and concentration of carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) in dental biofilm of caries and caries-free children of 7–9 years old. Seventy-four children were selected and divided into two groups. The caries diagnosis was performed according to the WHO criteria, including the early caries lesion. After biofilm collection and pH determination, CA VI concentration and activity were determined by ELISA and Zimography respectively. The data were submitted to a Mann-Whitney test and to Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses. Means and standard deviations of dental caries for the caries group were of 3.162 ± 1.385. The biofilm pH was significantly higher in the caries-free group. The CA VI activity was significantly higher in biofilm of children with caries. The CA VI concentration was significantly higher in biofilm of caries-free children. In caries-free children, there was a moderate negative correlation between CA VI activity and concentration in dental biofilm as well as between pH and CA VI activity. A negative correlation between biofilm pH and CA VI concentration was found in the caries group. In conclusion, CA VI was shown to be more active in the biofilm of school children with caries in order to contribute to neutralization of biofilm acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele C R Picco
- Piracicaba Dental School, Pediatric Dentistry Department, University of Campinas, 901 Limeira Av, 13414-903 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lenita Marangoni-Lopes
- Piracicaba Dental School, Pediatric Dentistry Department, University of Campinas, 901 Limeira Av, 13414-903 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thaís M Parisotto
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University São Francisco, 218 São Francisco de Assis Av, 12916-900 Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renata Mattos-Graner
- Piracicaba Dental School, Microbiology Department, University of Campinas, 901 Limeira Av, 13414-903 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marinês Nobre-Dos-Santos
- Piracicaba Dental School, Pediatric Dentistry Department, University of Campinas, 901 Limeira Av, 13414-903 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Turchiello RZ, Pedrotti D, Braga MM, Rocha RO, Rodrigues JA, Lenzi TL. Do undergraduate dental students perform well detecting and staging caries and assessing activity by visual examination? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29:281-293. [PMID: 30620110 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the undergraduate students' performance in detecting and staging caries and assessing activity using visual inspection. DESIGN Two independent reviewers searched the literature through PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Lilacs databases, and OpenSINGLE. Meta-analyses summarized the results concerning reproducibility and accuracy at D1 (considering all lesions) and D3 (including only cavitated lesions or lesions into dentin) levels. For activity, we considered sound surfaces plus inactive caries lesions vs active lesions. Meta-regression assessed the effect of methodological variables on the outcomes. RESULTS Fourteen studies were included. The mean reproducibility values were ≥0.52, except for interexaminer agreement when assessing caries activity (0.39; 95% CI 0.10-0.67). The intra-examiner reproducibility tended to be higher than the interexaminer reproducibility. Overall, undergraduate students' performance in staging caries lesions using visual examination was good (AUC>0.85 and DOR>25). The sensitivity values were moderate; however, these were associated with excellent specificity values. Despite few pooled studies, caries activity assessment revealed moderate overall performance, with lower pooled sensitivity than pooled specificity. Students' education level and background clinical experience had no influence on the accuracy and reproducibility of the visual inspection. CONCLUSION Undergraduate students' performance in detecting and staging caries using visual inspection was good, although caries activity assessment still requires improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronairo Z Turchiello
- Graduate Program in Dental Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Djessica Pedrotti
- Graduate Program in Dental Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Braga
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rachel O Rocha
- Department of Stomatology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jonas A Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tathiane L Lenzi
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Patel PM, Hugar SM, Halikerimath S, Badakar CM, Gokhale NS, Thakkar PJ, Kohli D, Shah S. Comparison of the Effect of Fluoride Varnish, Chlorhexidine Varnish and Casein Phosphopeptide- Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) Varnish on Salivary Streptococcus mutans Level: A Six Month Clinical Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC53-ZC59. [PMID: 28969274 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26541.10409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental caries is the most widespread disease which has a multi factorial origin. Streptococcus mutans is considered to be the chief pathogen in its development. Different varnishes are available which can be used for the prevention of the carious process. AIM To compare the effect of fluoride varnish, chlorhexidine varnish and fluoride varnish containing Casein Phosphopeptide - Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) on salivary Streptococcusmutans count in children with mixed dentition over a period of six months. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy two children of age 6-12 years with mixed dentition were selected fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into three groups: Group I- Fluoride varnish group; Group II- Chlorhexidine varnish group; Group III- MI varnish (fluoride varnish containing CPP-ACP) group. After thorough oral prophylaxis and restorative treatment the varnishes were applied to the teeth once a week for four consecutive weeks in the respective groups. Salivary Streptococcus mutans count (CFU/ml of saliva) was estimated at baseline, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after varnish application. Bonferroni post-hoc test and paired t-test for inter group and intra group comparison was used in the study. RESULTS A statistically significant reduction in salivary S. mutans colony count was seen with all three groups at all the different time intervals. Maximum reduction was noted in chlorhexidine varnish group at all the intervals after varnish application. CONCLUSION Prevention of dental caries plays a vital role in paediatric dental practice. The use of dental varnish has proved to be effective in reducing the dental caries. Chlorhexidine varnish was found to show maximum reduction in salivary S. mutans count for six month period, when compared to MI varnish and fluoride varnish. Thus, chlorhexidine varnish can be used as potent caries inhibiting agent and promote good oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit Manish Patel
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, KLE University's KLE VKIDS, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivayogi M Hugar
- Professor and Head, Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, KLE University's KLE VKIDS, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Seema Halikerimath
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, KLE University's KLE VKIDS, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandrashekhar M Badakar
- Reader, Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, KLE University's KLE VKIDS, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Niraj S Gokhale
- Reader, Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, KLE University's KLE VKIDS, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Prachi J Thakkar
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, KLE University's KLE VKIDS, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Divyata Kohli
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, KLE University's KLE VKIDS, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Shreyas Shah
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, KLE University's KLE VKIDS, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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TAGLIAFERRO EPDS, PARDI V, AMBROSANO GMB, MENEGHIM MDC, PASCHOAL MAB, CORDEIRO RDCL, PEREIRA AC. Influence of caries risk on the retention of a resin-modified glass ionomer used as occlusal sealant: a clinical trial. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.18116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Little is known whether caries risk influence occlusal sealants retention. Objective To determine the retention rates (RR) of the resin-modified glass ionomer cement used as occlusal sealant in permanent first molars of 6-8-year old schoolchildren and to analyze the influence of caries risk at baseline on the RR of the sealant, over a 24-month period. Material and method The sealant application was performed in a dental office at the beginning of the study, after children being allocated into high caries risk group (HR) and low caries risk group (LR). The examinations were performed by the same calibrated dentist at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Retention rates were estimated, the Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival probabilities; and the comparison between HR and LR groups was evaluated by Wilcoxon and log-rank test. Result The results showed that 14% of sealed teeth showed total loss (16% for HR and 12% for LR) and 46% showed partial loss during the study (51% for HR and 41% for LR), in relation to the baseline sample. No difference could be demonstrated by the survival analysis between HR and LR groups (p>0.05). Conclusion Caries risk did not influence the retention rates of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement used as occlusal sealant in 6-8-year old schoolchildren.
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Melgar RA, Pereira JT, Luz PB, Hugo FN, Araujo FBD. Differential Impacts of Caries Classification in Children and Adults: A Comparison of ICDAS and DMF-T. Braz Dent J 2017; 27:761-766. [PMID: 27982192 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201600990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe and compare findings regarding the prevalence and severity of dental caries when using ICDAS and DMFT/dmft in an epidemiological study with children and their mothers. This cross-sectional study evaluated 150 preschoolers and their mothers. Data were collected with ICDAS and then transformed into DMFT/dmft. ICDAS scores related to caries were analyzed according to three different cut-off-points: CP1 (0-healthy/1-6-caries), CP2 (0-1-healthy/2-6-caries) and CP3 (0-2-healthy/3-6-caries), representing the D/d of DMFT/dmft. ICDAS codes regarding restorations, except sealants, were considered the F/f and the code 97 as the M/m of DMFT/dmft index. Prevalence of caries and its severity with ICDAS were 92%, 84% and 31.3% in children and 97.3%, 96.6% and 80% in adults according to CP1/CP2/CP3, respectively. Admitting CP3 as the standard for data transformation of ICDAS in DMFT/dmft, it was observed that DMFT/dmft index would underestimate 60% of non-cavitated lesions in children and 16.6% in adults. The DMFT/dmft underestimated the presence of disease to disregard non-cavitated lesions for the pediatric population evaluated. The choice of which is the best index for epidemiological surveys will depend on the purpose of the research and the target population: if it is to estimate the needs of the population to determine clinical care in children and adults, the DMFT/dmft may be sufficient. However, if the objective is to have a more comprehensive diagnosis of caries at the population level in order to develop preventive strategies, to halt and reverse the disease, the detection of non-cavitated-lesions becomes important, mainly in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Ana Melgar
- Faculty of Dentistry of Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Joanna Tatith Pereira
- University Center of Serra Gaúcha, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil and UFRGS - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Pediatric Dentistry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Blaya Luz
- UFRGS - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Pediatric Dentistry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Neves Hugo
- UFRGS - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Center of Community Dental Health Research, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Lara-Capi C, Cagetti MG, Lingström P, Lai G, Cocco F, Simark-Mattsson C, Campus G. Digital transillumination in caries detection versus radiographic and clinical methods: an in-vivo study. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2017; 46:20160417. [PMID: 28191797 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20160417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This article aimed to evaluate: (a) the agreement between a near-infrared light transillumination device and clinical and radiographic examinations in caries lesion detection and (b) the reliability of images captured by the transillumination device. METHODS Two calibrated examiners evaluated the caries status in premolars and molars on 52 randomly selected subjects by comparing the transillumination device with a clinical examination for the occlusal surfaces and by comparing the transillumination device with a radiographic examination (bitewing radiographs) for the approximal surfaces. Forty-eight trained dental hygienists evaluated and reevaluated 30 randomly selected images 1-month later. RESULTS A high concordance between transillumination method and clinical examination (kappa = 0.99) was detected for occlusal caries lesions, while for approximal surfaces, the transillumination device identified a higher number of lesions with respect to bitewing (kappa = 0.91). At the dentinal level, the two methods identified the same number of caries lesions (kappa = 1), whereas more approximal lesions were recorded using the transillumination device in the enamel (kappa = 0.24). The intraexaminer reliability was substantial/almost perfect in 59.4% of the participants. CONCLUSIONS The transillumination method showed a high concordance compared with traditional methods (clinical examination and bitewing radiographs). Caries detection reliability using the transillumination device images showed a high intraexaminer agreement. Transillumination showed to be a reliable method and as effective as traditional methods in caries detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Lara-Capi
- 1 Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,2 WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Dentistry and Epidemiology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cagetti
- 1 Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,2 WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Dentistry and Epidemiology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Lingström
- 2 WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Dentistry and Epidemiology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,3 Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gianfranco Lai
- 4 Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Fabio Cocco
- 2 WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Dentistry and Epidemiology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,4 Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Charlotte Simark-Mattsson
- 3 Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Guglielmo Campus
- 2 WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Dentistry and Epidemiology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,4 Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Santiago LJ, Freudenthal JJ, Peterson T, Bowen DM. Dental Hygiene Faculty Calibration Using Two Accepted Standards for Calculus Detection: A Pilot Study. J Dent Educ 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.2016.80.8.tb06178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teri Peterson
- College of Business and was Statistical Consultant; Division of Health Sciences; Idaho State University
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Ferraz EG, Silva LR, Sarmento VA, de Jesus Campos E, de Oliveira TFL, Magalhães JC, Paraguassú GM, Boa-Sorte N. Comparison of two visual methods for detecting caries among obese and non-obese children. Acta Odontol Scand 2016; 74:405-10. [PMID: 27098286 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2016.1169555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to compare two visual methods for detecting caries among obese and non-obese children in Salvador, Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2011-2012, which evaluated 180 paediatric patients, 6-14 years old, girls and boys, categorized into two groups: obese and non-obese (healthy weight), according to the body mass index. For the evaluation of dental caries, the decayed, missing or filled teeth index (DMFT/dmft) and International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS II) visual criteria were used. RESULTS The mean DMFT value was 0.98 in obese children and 0.57 in the non-obese children, without significant differences between groups (p = 0.206). The mean dmft value in the non-obese children (1.66) was higher than in obese children (0.95), with significant differences between groups (p = 0.021). According to ICDAS II criteria, there was a higher prevalence of non-cavitated enamel lesions (D1-3) in obese children (n = 156, 10.5%) compared to the non-obese children (n = 55, 1.9%), with significant differences between the groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The inclusion of non-cavitated lesions during the caries evaluation represents a challenge in diagnosis, which allows for control of this process before the evolution of these lesions to cavitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Gomes Ferraz
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology of the Professor Edgard Santos Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luciana Rodrigues Silva
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology of the Professor Edgard Santos Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Viviane Almeida Sarmento
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Propedeutics and Integrated Clinic, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Elisângela de Jesus Campos
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology of the Professor Edgard Santos Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Thaís Feitosa Leitão de Oliveira
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology of the Professor Edgard Santos Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cunha Magalhães
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology of the Professor Edgard Santos Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gardênia Matos Paraguassú
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology of the Professor Edgard Santos Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ney Boa-Sorte
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Nutrology of the Professor Edgard Santos Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Arangannal P, Mahadev SK, Jayaprakash J. Prevalence of Dental Caries among School Children in Chennai, Based on ICDAS II. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC09-12. [PMID: 27190939 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/14731.7523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental caries is a common dental disease, which occurs during childhood and continues to be a major public health problem. The prevalence of dental caries was associated with oral hygiene practice, sugar consumption and implementation of the preventive oral health program. AIM The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries in school children aged between 6-14 years using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population consisted of 2796 school children living in Pallikkaranai, Chennai, India and studying in government recognized schools. Each student was examined by a single examiner using ICDAS system under natural light during normal school hours. RESULTS The prevalence of dental caries was 68.8% in the total surveyed population. The gender-wise prevalence of dental caries shows, females to have slightly higher prevalence than male. The prevalence of dental caries at the age group of 6 years was 57%, seven year 67%, eight year 63%, nine year 74%, 10 year 76%, 11 year 74%, 12 year 69%, 13 year 71%, and 14 year 69%. The distribution of CARS (Caries associated with Sealants and Restorations) in the surveyed population was only 1.4. CONCLUSION The distribution of non-cavitated/early enamel lesions was higher in the studied population and indicated a requirement of a sustained dental health preventive program targeting specific segments of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnudurai Arangannal
- Professor and Head of Department, Department of Pedodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital , Chennai, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mahadev
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics, Madha Dental College and Hospital , Chennai, India
| | - Jeevarathan Jayaprakash
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital , Chennai, Chennai, India
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Dikmen B. Icdas II criteria (international caries detection and assessment system). J Istanb Univ Fac Dent 2015; 49:63-72. [PMID: 28955548 PMCID: PMC5573507 DOI: 10.17096/jiufd.38691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The International Caries Detection and Assessment
System (ICDAS) is a clinical scoring system which
allows detection and assessment of caries activity.
ICDAS was developed for use in clinical research,
clinical practice and for epidemiological purposes.
A recent review of caries detection criteria systems
found that there were inconsistencies among the
research criteria for caries measuring systems.
There is a need to an uniform system which allows
comparison of data collected in different researches.
ICDAS allows detection of caries process at every
stage and characterization of the caries activity status
of lesion. Later, the criteria were modified and ICDAS
II created. The aim of this review is to inform about
the ICDAS II and make a comparison between ICDAS
II criteria and other caries detection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benin Dikmen
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Medipol University, Turkey
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Tagliaferro EPDS, Marinho DS, Pereira CCDA, Pardi V, Ambrosano GMB, Meneghim MDC, Pereira AC. [Cost-effectiveness analysis of preventive methods for occlusal surface according to caries risk: results of a controlled clinical trial]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2015; 29 Suppl 1:S121-30. [PMID: 25402241 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00021613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the results of a cost-effectiveness analysis in a controlled clinical trial on the effectiveness of a modified glass ionomer resin sealant ( Vitremer, 3M ESPE) and the application of fluoride varnish (Duraphat, Colgate) on occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars in children 6-8 years of age (N = 268), according to caries risk (high versus low). Children were examined semiannually by the same calibrated dentist for 24 months after allocation in six groups: high and low risk controls (oral health education every three months); high and low risk with varnish (oral health education every three months + varnish biannually); and high and low risk with sealant (oral health education every three months + a single application of sealant). Economic analysis showed that sealing permanent first molars of high-risk schoolchildren showed a C/E ratio of US$ 119.80 per saved occlusal surface and an incremental C/E ratio of US$ 108.36 per additional saved occlusal surface. The study concluded that sealing permanent first molars of high-risk schoolchildren was the most cost-effective intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Savignon Marinho
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Vanessa Pardi
- Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern, Los Angeles, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Antonio Carlos Pereira
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, Brasil
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Jain SK, Pushpanjali K, Reddy SK, Gaikwad R, Deolia S. Comparison of different caries diagnostic thresholds under epidemiological and clinical settings among 7-15 year old school children from Bangalore city. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2014; 3:85-91. [PMID: 24778986 PMCID: PMC4000918 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.122449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the different caries diagnostic thresholds under epidemiological and clinical settings among 7-15 year old school children. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among 7-15 years old school children of Bangalore city. Total 738 children were enrolled in the study. General information was collected regarding oral hygiene practice and personal habits of the schoolchildren. Subsequently, examination was done under both the settings to record Decayed, missing and filled surfaces index for permanent teeth (DMFS) and Decayed, missing and filled surfaces index for deciduous teeth (dmfs) using the World Health Organization (WHO) and WHO + IL criteria. Results: The present study showed that both the settings (clinical and epidemiological) and diagnostic thresholds (WHO and WHO + IL), could influence the detection of carious lesions. Mean Ds under WHO + Initial lesions (IL) criteria (3.92 + 3.49) was nearly double of WHO criteria (1.88 + 2.73,) and the influence observed was more in 14 years of age, where mean Ds under WHO + IL criteria (5.43 + 2.5) which was more than double of WHO criteria (2.02 + 1.9). Conclusion: The choice of a diagnostic threshold (WHO and WHO + IL) and the conditions of examination (epidemiological and clinical) are important for the detection of caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Kumar Jain
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Mansarovar Dental College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - K Pushpanjali
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, M. S. Ramaiah Dental and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Satheesh Kumar Reddy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Theerthankar Dental College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Gaikwad
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi (M) Vardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shravani Deolia
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi (M) Vardha, Maharashtra, India
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Ramos-Jorge J, Pordeus IA, Ramos-Jorge ML, Marques LS, Paiva SM. Impact of untreated dental caries on quality of life of preschool children: different stages and activity. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2013; 42:311-22. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ramos-Jorge
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry; Universidade Vale do Rio Verde; Três Corações Brazil
| | - Isabela A. Pordeus
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Maria L. Ramos-Jorge
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri; Diamantina Brazil
| | - Leandro S. Marques
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri; Diamantina Brazil
| | - Saul M. Paiva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
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Piovesan C, Moro BL, Lara JS, Ardenghi TM, Guedes RS, Haddad AE, Braga MM, Mendes FM. Laboratorial training of examiners for using a visual caries detection system in epidemiological surveys. BMC Oral Health 2013; 13:49. [PMID: 24090355 PMCID: PMC3851947 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-13-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In epidemiological surveys, a good reliability among the examiners regarding the caries detection method is essential. However, training and calibrating those examiners is an arduous task because it involves several patients who are examined many times. To facilitate this step, we aimed to propose a laboratory methodology to simulate the examinations performed to detect caries lesions using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) in epidemiological surveys. Methods A benchmark examiner conducted all training sessions. A total of 67 exfoliated primary teeth, varying from sound to extensive cavitated, were set in seven arch models to simulate complete mouths in primary dentition. Sixteen examiners (graduate students) evaluated all surfaces of the teeth under illumination using buccal mirrors and ball-ended probe in two occasions, using only coronal primary caries scores of the ICDAS. As reference standard, two different examiners assessed the proximal surfaces by direct visual inspection, classifying them in sound, with non-cavitated or with cavitated lesions. After, teeth were sectioned in the bucco-lingual direction, and the examiners assessed the sections in stereomicroscope, classifying the occlusal and smooth surfaces according to lesion depth. Inter-examiner reproducibility was evaluated using weighted kappa. Sensitivities and specificities were calculated at two thresholds: all lesions and advanced lesions (cavitated lesions in proximal surfaces and lesions reaching the dentine in occlusal and smooth surfaces). Results Regarding the reproducibility, the mean (range) of kappa values was 0.781 (0.529–0.927) for occlusal surfaces, 0.568 (0.191–0.881) for smooth surfaces, and 0.844 (0.698–0.971) for proximal surfaces. Considering all lesions, sensitivity and specificity mean values were respectively 0.724 and 0.844 for occlusal, 0.635 and 0.943 for smooth and 0.658 and 0.927 for proximal surfaces. For detecting advanced lesions, sensitivities and specificities were 0.563 and 0.920 for occlusal, 0.670 and 0.985 for smooth, and 0.838 and 0.985 for proximal surfaces. Conclusion The methodology purposed for training and calibration of several examiners designated for epidemiological surveys of dental caries in preschool children using the ICDAS is feasible, permitting the assessment of reliability and accuracy of the examiners previously to the survey´s development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiana Piovesan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av, Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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Piovesan C, Tomazoni F, Del Fabro J, Buzzati BCS, Mendes FM, Antunes JLF, Ardenghi TM. Inequality in dental caries distribution at noncavitated and cavitated thresholds in preschool children. J Public Health Dent 2013; 74:120-6. [PMID: 24020651 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the inequality in dental caries distribution according to different thresholds assessed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and to investigate the associations of socioeconomic factors with caries lesions at both noncavitated and cavitated thresholds. METHODS Study subjects were recruited in Santa Maria, Brazil, during the National Day of Children's Vaccination, and 639 children aged 12-59 months were included. Fifteen calibrated examiners performed the examinations using ICDAS criteria. Inequality in dental caries distribution was measured using the Gini coefficient, and the Significant Caries Index was calculated for several thresholds of ICDAS. Poisson regression analysis was used to assess the associations of socioeconomic factors with the highest caries scores. RESULTS The inequality in the distribution of dental caries was lower when precavitated caries were included; the Gini coefficient decreased from 0.77 to 0.60 when noncavitated caries lesions were included in the analyses. Moreover, the inequalities were higher in the younger than in the older children for all thresholds. Socioeconomic factors were significantly (P < 0.001) associated with caries when an ICDAS score of 3 was considered as the cut-off point. Children whose mothers did not complete primary education (P < 0.001) and those with low household income (P < 0.001) were more likely to have increased dental caries. CONCLUSION Caries lesions were more equally distributed when noncavitated lesions were included in the dental survey. Socioeconomic factors are found to be associated with the inequalities in caries distribution in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiana Piovesan
- Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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30
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Borges HC, Garbín CAS, Saliba O, Saliba NA, Moimaz SAS. Socio-behavioral factors influence prevalence and severity of dental caries in children with primary dentition. Braz Oral Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242012000600013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Piovesan C, Ardenghi TM, Guedes RS, Ekstrand KR, Braga MM, Mendes FM. Activity assessment has little impact on caries parameters reduction in epidemiological surveys with preschool children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012; 41:204-11. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaiana Piovesan
- Departament of Pediatric Dentistry; Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Thiago M. Ardenghi
- Departament of Stomatology; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Rio Grande do Sul; Brazil
| | - Renata S. Guedes
- Departament of Stomatology; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Rio Grande do Sul; Brazil
| | - Kim R. Ekstrand
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics; School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Mariana M. Braga
- Departament of Pediatric Dentistry; Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Fausto M. Mendes
- Departament of Pediatric Dentistry; Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
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Frasseto F, Parisotto TM, Peres RCR, Marques MR, Line SRP, Nobre Dos Santos M. Relationship among salivary carbonic anhydrase VI activity and flow rate, biofilm pH and caries in primary dentition. Caries Res 2012; 46:194-200. [PMID: 22508543 DOI: 10.1159/000337275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the activity of carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme VI (CAVI) in the saliva of preschool children with caries and to investigate the relationship between caries and salivary CAVI activity, salivary flow rate and biofilm pH before and after a 20% sucrose rinse. Thirty preschool children aged 45.3-80.3 months were divided into two groups: a caries-free group and a caries group. Clinical examinations were conducted by one examiner (κ = 0.95) according to WHO criteria (dmfs) and early caries lesions. From each subject, CAVI activity, salivary flow rate and plaque pH were determined before and after a sucrose rinse. The results were submitted to Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney and Spearman correlation tests (α = 0.05). The results showed that prerinse CAVI activity and its variation were higher in the saliva from caries children than from caries-free children. No difference was found between the two groups in postrinse salivary CAVI activity. After rinsing, biofilm pH differences were lower in both groups (p = 0.0012 and p = 0.0037 for the caries and caries-free groups, respectively). Also, after the sucrose rinse, salivary flow rate significantly increased in caries and caries-free groups (p = 0.0003, p = 0.0037). The variation of salivary CAVI activity was negatively correlated with caries (r = -0.501, p = 0.005). Child's age showed a positive correlation with caries (r = 0.456, p = 0.011). These results suggest that variation of salivary CAVI activity and child's age are associated with dental caries in preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Frasseto
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
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33
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Parisotto TM, Steiner-Oliveira C, De Souza-E-Silva CM, Peres RCR, Rodrigues LKA, Nobre-Dos-Santos M. Assessment of cavitated and active non-cavitated caries lesions in 3- to 4-year-old preschool children: a field study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2012; 22:92-9. [PMID: 21815955 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2011.01171.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) is high in developing countries; thus, sensitive methods for the early diagnosis of ECC are of prime importance to implement the appropriate preventive measures. AIM To investigate the effects of the addition of early caries lesions (ECL) into WHO threshold caries detection methods on the prevalence of caries in primary teeth and the epidemiological profile of the studied population. DESIGN In total, 351 3- to 4-year-old preschoolers participated in this cross-sectional study. Clinical exams were conducted by one calibrated examiner using WHO and WHO + ECL criteria. During the exams, a mirror, a ball-ended probe, gauze, and an artificial light were used. The data were analysed by Wilcoxon and Mc-Nemar's tests (α=0.05). RESULTS Good intra-examiner Kappa values at tooth/surface levels were obtained for WHO and WHO+ECL criteria (0.93/0.87 and 0.75/0.78, respectively). The dmfs scores were significantly higher (P<0.05) when WHO+ECL criteria were used. ECLs were the predominant caries lesions in the majority of teeth. CONCLUSIONS The results strongly suggest that the WHO+ECL diagnosis method could be used to identify ECL in young children under field conditions, increasing the prevalence and classification of caries activity and providing valuable information for the early establishment of preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís M Parisotto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
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Banting DW, Amaechi BT, Bader JD, Blanchard P, Gilbert GH, Gullion CM, Holland JC, Makhija SK, Papas A, Ritter AV, Singh ML, Vollmer WM. Examiner training and reliability in two randomized clinical trials of adult dental caries. J Public Health Dent 2011; 71:335-44. [PMID: 22320292 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2011.00278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This report describes the training of dental examiners participating in two dental caries clinical trials and reports the inter- and intra-examiner reliability scores from the initial standardization sessions. METHODS Study examiners were trained to use a modified International Caries Detection and Assessment System II system to detect the visual signs of non-cavitated and cavitated dental caries in adult subjects. Dental caries was classified as no caries (S), non-cavitated caries (D1), enamel caries (D2), and dentine caries (D3). Three standardization sessions involving 60 subjects and 3,604 tooth surface calls were used to calculate several measures of examiner reliability. RESULTS The prevalence of dental caries observed in the standardization sessions ranged from 1.4 percent to 13.5 percent of the coronal tooth surfaces examined. Overall agreement between pairs of examiners ranged from 0.88 to 0.99. An intra-class coefficient threshold of 0.60 was surpassed for all but one examiner. Inter-examiner unweighted kappa values were low (0.23-0.35), but weighted kappas and the ratio of observed to maximum kappas were more encouraging (0.42-0.83). The highest kappa values occurred for the S/D1 versus D2/D3 two-level classification of dental caries, for which seven of the eight examiners achieved observed to maximum kappa values over 0.90. Intra-examiner reliability was notably higher than inter-examiner reliability for all measures and dental caries classifications employed. CONCLUSION The methods and results for the initial examiner training and standardization sessions for two large clinical trials are reported. Recommendations for others planning examiner training and standardization sessions are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Banting
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
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Baldini V, Tagliaferro EPDS, Ambrosano GMB, Meneghim MDC, Pereira AC. Use of occlusal sealant in a community program and caries incidence in high- and low-risk children. J Appl Oral Sci 2011; 19:396-402. [PMID: 21710092 PMCID: PMC4223793 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572011005000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aims of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of sealant
placement under the guidelines of the Oral Health Promotion Program for
Children and Adolescents (Portugal), and to test the influence of clinical
and socioeconomic variables on the DMFT increment in 277 children, born in
1997. Material and Methods A dental hygienist performed the initial examinations and sealant placement
(Helioseal, Vivadent) on the permanent first molars in 2005. These
activities were registered in dental records that were assessed in 2007.
Children were classified according to caries risk at baseline [high (HR:
DMFT+dmft>0); low (LR: DMFT+dmft=0) risk] and sealant placement as
follows: HR-S and LR-S Groups (with sealant placement); HR-NS and LR-NS
Groups (without sealant placement). A calibrated dentist performed the final
examination in 2007 at school, based on the World Health Organization
recommendations. The variables collected were: dental caries, visible dental
plaque, malocclusions, and socioeconomic level (questionnaire sent to
children's parents). For univariate (Chi-square or Fisher tests) and
multivariate (Multiple logistic regression) analyses the DMFT increment
>0 was selected as dependent variable. Results Approximately 17.0% of the children showed DMFT increment>0 (mean=0.25).
High-risk children presented a significant increase in the number of decayed
and/or filled teeth. These children had 7.94 more chance of developing
caries. Children who did not receive sealant were 1.8 more prone to have
DMFT increment >0. Conclusion It appears that sealant placement was effective in preventing dental caries
development. Moreover, the variables "risk" and "sealant placement" were
predictors for DMFT increment in the studied children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Baldini
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Bonner BC, Bourgeois DM, Douglas GV, Chan K, Pitts NB. The feasibility of data collection in dental practices, using codes for the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), to allow European general dental practitioners to monitor dental caries at local, national, and international levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:83-90. [PMID: 21457628 DOI: 10.1308/135576111795162875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether or not European general dental practitioners can carry out comprehensive dental caries assessments of the teeth of selected quotas of their patients during routine dental check-ups, as an alternative or complement to the work of specialised, salaried, dental epidemiologists. METHODS Dentists from several European countries were invited by local coordinators to be trained to carry out dental disease assessments. For caries, they used the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS), as part of a wider oral health indicators project with a European perspective. They attended training events and recruited and examined patients in their own practices before completing questionnaires, which they returned to a central data-processing facility. RESULTS Ninety-six dentists returned questionnaires giving their opinions of the data-collection system after performing ICDAS assessments on 1216 patients. Mean times for assessments varied between countries from 7.8 to 14.06 minutes and were dependent on the age of the patient and the number and general condition of the teeth present. Given a choice of six difficulty/ease options for both understanding and applying the system, 89% of the dental examiners chose one of the two categories indicating the least difficulty for understanding and 73% chose one of these two categories for applying. CONCLUSION Volunteer general dental practitioners (GDPs) from six European countries were able successfully to perform data collection for survey work in addition to their routine practice. If larger numbers of GDPs across Europe are prepared to undertake this type of work for selected quota samples, it should be possible to collect data to monitor caries levels among patients who attend dental practices at local, national, and international levels, provided that the time taken is considered and remunerated appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Bonner
- Dental Health Services & Research Unit, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
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37
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Parisotto T, King W, Duque C, Mattos-Graner R, Steiner-Oliveira C, Nobre-dos-Santos M, Smith D. Immunological and Microbiologic Changes during Caries Development in Young Children. Caries Res 2011; 45:377-85. [DOI: 10.1159/000330230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Agbaje JO, Mutsvari T, Lesaffre E, Declerck D. Measurement, analysis and interpretation of examiner reliability in caries experience surveys: some methodological thoughts. Clin Oral Investig 2010; 16:117-27. [PMID: 20941633 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-010-0475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Data obtained from calibration exercises are used to assess the level of agreement between examiners (and the benchmark examiner) and/or between repeated examinations by the same examiner in epidemiological surveys or large-scale clinical studies. Agreement can be measured using different techniques: kappa statistic, percentage agreement, dice coefficient, sensitivity and specificity. Each of these methods shows specific characteristics and has its own shortcomings. The aim of this contribution is to critically review techniques for the measurement and analysis of examiner agreement and to illustrate this using data from a recent survey in young children, the Smile for Life project. The above-mentioned agreement measures are influenced (in differing ways and extents) by the unit of analysis (subject, tooth, surface level) and the disease level in the validation sample. These effects are more pronounced for percentage agreement and kappa than for sensitivity and specificity. It is, therefore, important to include information on unit of analysis and disease level (in validation sample) when reporting agreement measures. Also, confidence intervals need to be included since they indicate the reliability of the estimate. When dependency among observations is present [as is the case in caries experience data sets with typical hierarchical structure (surface-tooth-subject)], this will influence the width of the confidence interval and should therefore not be ignored. In this situation, the use of multilevel modelling is necessary. This review clearly shows that there is a need for the development of guidelines for the measurement, interpretation and reporting of examiner reliability in caries experience surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimoh Olubanwo Agbaje
- School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Catholic University Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 blok a bus 7001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Mendes FM, Braga MM, Oliveira LB, Antunes JLF, Ardenghi TM, Bönecker M. Discriminant validity of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and comparability with World Health Organization criteria in a cross-sectional study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38:398-407. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kassawara ABC, Tagliaferro EPDS, Cortelazzi KL, Ambrosano GMB, Assaf AV, Meneghim MDC, Pereira AC. Epidemiological assessment of predictors of caries increment in 7-10- year-olds: a 2-year cohort study. J Appl Oral Sci 2010; 18:116-20. [PMID: 20485921 PMCID: PMC5349746 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572010000200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this 2-year cohort study (2003 to 2005) was to investigate how caries
experience, at initial lesions (early or non-cavited lesions) and cavited stages,
predicts caries increment in permanent teeth in 7-10- year-olds. Material and Methods The random sample of 765 children attending public schools in the city of
Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, was divided into two groups: 423 children aged 7-8 years
and 342 children aged 9-10 years. All subjects were examined by a calibrated
examiner, using dental mirror and ball-ended probes, after tooth brushing and
air-drying in an outdoor setting, based on the World Health Organization criteria.
Active caries with intact surfaces were also recorded as initial lesion (IL).
Univariate analysis was used for statistical analysis (Odds Ratios and
Chisquare). Results The association between the DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) increment and
the presence of IL was significant only for 9-10-year-old children. The children
with DMFT>0 at baseline were more prone to have DMFT increment, with the
highest risk for caries increment occurring in children aged 7-8 years. Conclusion The predictors of caries increment were the presence (at baseline) of caries
experience in permanent teeth for both age groups (7-8; 9-10-year-olds) and the
presence of the IL (at baseline) for 9-10-year-olds.
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Parisotto TM, Steiner-Oliveira C, Duque C, Peres RCR, Rodrigues LKA, Nobre-dos-Santos M. Relationship among microbiological composition and presence of dental plaque, sugar exposure, social factors and different stages of early childhood caries. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 55:365-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cortellazzi KL, Tagliaferro EPDS, Assaf AV, Tafner APMDF, Ambrosano GMB, Bittar TO, Meneghim MDC, Pereira AC. Influência de variáveis socioeconômicas, clínicas e demográfica na experiência de cárie dentária em pré-escolares de Piracicaba, SP. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-790x2009000300017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência de variáveis socioeconômicas, clínicas e demográfica na experiência de cárie em pré-escolares de 5 anos de idade da cidade de Piracicaba. METODOLOGIA: A amostra consistiu de 728 crianças matriculadas em 22 pré-escolas públicas (n = 428) e 18 pré-escolas privadas (n = 300). A cárie dentária foi avaliada pelos índices ceo-d e ceo-s e pela detecção de lesão inicial (LI). Outras variáveis clínicas como gengivite, apinhamento, espaçamento, fluorose e respiração bucal também foram coletadas. As variáveis socioeconômicas (renda familiar mensal, número de residentes na mesma casa, escolaridade do pai e da mãe, habitação e posse de automóvel) foram obtidas por meio de um questionário semi-estruturado enviado aos pais. RESULTADOS: As médias (desvio-padrão) do ceo-d e ceo-s foram de 1,30 (2,47) e 3,08 (7,55), respectivamente, sendo que 62,2% da amostra estava livre de cárie. As médias (desvio-padrão) do ceo-d+LI e ceo-s+LI foram 1,72 (3,36) e 3,45 (7,94), respectivamente e 59,7% estavam livres de cáries. Por meio da análise de regressão logística múltipla, as crianças com fluorose (Odds Ratio-OR=0,40) ou de famílias com renda superior a 4 salários mínimos (OR = 0,49) apresentaram menor probabilidade de ter experiência de cárie. Aquelas com gengivite (OR = 1,87) tiveram maior chance de ter a doença. Para o critério de diagnóstico de cárie com a inclusão de LI, as crianças com fluorose (OR = 0,39) ou de famílias com renda superior a 4 salários mínimos (OR = 0,52) tiveram menor chance de ter cárie. Aquelas com gengivite (OR=1,80), apinhamento (OR = 2,63 e OR = 1,01) ou respiração bucal (OR = 1,37) apresentaram maior probabilidade de ter a doença. CONCLUSÃO: Os pré-escolares que apresentaram gengivite, apinhamento, respiração bucal ou renda familiar mensal inferior a 4 salários mínimos tiveram maior probabilidade de ter experiência de cárie. Assim, o planejamento de ações de prevenção e intervenção direcionadas a este público seria essencial para o controle da doença.
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Nyvad B, Machiulskiene V, Fejerskov O, Baelum V. Diagnosing dental caries in populations with different levels of dental fluorosis. Eur J Oral Sci 2009; 117:161-8. [PMID: 19320725 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2008.00598.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of the Nyvad visual-tactile caries-diagnostic criteria when used among children who have been lifelong residents in areas with 'optimal' or low concentrations of fluoride in the drinking water. In each of two areas with drinking water fluoride concentrations of 0.3 and 1.1 ppm (0.3 and 1.1 mg/l) fluoride, respectively, 150 children were clinically examined twice, 2 wk apart, for dental fluorosis, using the Thylstrup-Fejerskov index (TF index), and for dental caries using the Nyvad visual-tactile caries criteria. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 45% in the 1.1 ppm fluoride area and 21% in the 0.3 ppm fluoride area. When the results of the duplicate caries recordings were compared at the surface level, only minute differences were observed in the percentage agreement (91.7 and 90.7%, respectively) and in the kappa values (0.73 and 0.72, respectively). When individual DFS counts were compared across examinations using Bland-Altman plots and estimation of prediction intervals for the differences, we observed a greater variability of the differences between recordings among children from the low-fluoride area. Contrary to our expectations, a pronounced dental fluorosis background did not reduce the reliability of the caries recordings, which appeared to be slightly less reliable at very low levels of dental fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Nyvad
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Aarhus, Vennelyst Boulevard 9, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Assaf AV, Tagliaferro EPDS, Meneghim MDC, Tengan C, Pereira AC, Ambrosano GMB, Mialhe FL. A new approach for interexaminer reliability data analysis on dental caries calibration. J Appl Oral Sci 2008; 15:480-5. [PMID: 19089184 PMCID: PMC4327495 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572007000600005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives a) to evaluate the interexaminer reliability in caries detection considering different diagnostic thresholds and b) to indicate, by using Kappa statistics, the best way of measuring interexaminer agreement during the calibration process in dental caries surveys. Methods Eleven dentists participated in the initial training, which was divided into theoretical discussions and practical activities, and calibration exercises, performed at baseline, 3 and 6 months after the initial training. For the examinations of 6-7-year-old schoolchildren, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations were followed and different diagnostic thresholds were used: WHO (decayed/missing/filled teeth – DMFT index) and WHO + IL (initial lesion) diagnostic thresholds. The interexaminer reliability was calculated by Kappa statistics, according to WHO and WHO+IL thresholds considering: a) the entire dentition; b) upper/lower jaws; c) sextants; d) each tooth individually. Results Interexaminer reliability was high for both diagnostic thresholds; nevertheless, it decreased in all calibration sections when considering teeth individually. Conclusion The interexaminer reliability was possible during the period of 6 months, under both caries diagnosis thresholds. However, great disagreement was observed for posterior teeth, especially using the WHO+IL criteria. Analysis considering dental elements individually was the best way of detecting interexaminer disagreement during the calibration sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Videira Assaf
- Department of Community Services - Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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