1
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Turkalj M, De Nys S, Godderis L, Vanoirbeek J, Van Meerbeek B, Van Landuyt KL. Elution from direct composites for provisional restorations. J Prosthodont Res 2024:JPR_D_23_00305. [PMID: 38616126 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_23_00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To assess elution from direct composite materials for provisional restorations and compare them with elution from direct restorative composites for permanent restorations.Methods Two dual-cure (Integrity Multi-Cure and Tempsmart DC) and two self-curing composites (Protemp 4 and Structur 3) were used, with Essentia serving as a reference. Cylindrical specimens (n=20) were cured according to the manufacturer's instructions; the dual-cure materials were prepared in both self- and dual-curing modes. Elution experiments were performed using water and absolute ethanol. The samples were incubated at 37 °C for either 24 h or four weeks; the extraction solvents were refreshed weekly. The eluted BisEMA (-3 / -6 / -10), BisGMA, CQ, UDMA, and TEGDMA were quantified using UHPLC-MS/MS.Results Monomer elution was detected in all provisional composites at 24 h and four weeks, but the amounts released did not exceed those released by the reference composite. When prepared in self-curing mode, Integrity Multi-Cure exhibited significantly higher elution of BisEMA-3, -6, and -10 in ethanol both after 24 h and cumulatively after four weeks. Self-cured Tempsmart DC released significantly more CQ, TEGDMA, and UDMA in both water and ethanol after immersion for 24 h and four weeks, along with significantly more BisGMA in ethanol both after 24 h and four weeks comparison to dual-cured Tempsmart DC (two-way ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey, P < 0.05).Conclusions Provisional composite materials did not elute higher amounts of monomers than a restorative composite. Dual-cured materials, prepared in the self-curing mode, show a trend towards higher monomer elution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Turkalj
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, Biomat & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Siemon De Nys
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, Biomat & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven, Belgium
- Idewe, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Vanoirbeek
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Meerbeek
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, Biomat & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kirsten L Van Landuyt
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, Biomat & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
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2
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Johnson W, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Cohen DE, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Peterson LA, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Fiume M, Heldreth B. Methacrylate Ester Monomers. Int J Toxicol 2023; 42:61S-73S. [PMID: 37794531 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231204572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety reviewed newly available studies since their original assessment in 2005, along with updated information regarding product types and concentrations of use, and confirmed that these 22 methacrylate ester monomers are safe as used in nail enhancement products in the practices of use and concentration as described in this report, when skin contact is avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbur Johnson
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Former Senior Scientific Analyst/Writer
| | | | | | | | | | | | - James G Marks
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
| | | | - Ronald C Shank
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Former Member
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3
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Samuelsen JT, Dahl JE. Biological aspects of modern dental composites. Biomater Investig Dent 2023; 10:2223223. [PMID: 37347059 PMCID: PMC10281392 DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2023.2223223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological evaluation of resin-based dental composites has traditionally been based on in vitro endpoint tests with different methods to determine loss of cell viability and cell morphology changes after exposure to the material or monomer constituents. The data reveals a potential for biological effects, but clinical relevance of such data is limited. Positive allergy tests and allergic clinical reactions to dental monomers are observed in dental personnel and patients. The aim of this review is to address newer research on molecular events caused by exposure to resin-based composites to have a better understanding of the potential for clinical adverse effects. A more accurate understanding of the biological aspects of dental composite materials has been found after studying parameters like glutathione depletion, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and immunomodulatory key effects in various cell culture models. Using omics-based approaches allow for a broader and non-specified search of changes caused by methacrylate exposure. Defense mechanisms and adaption are observed in cells exposed to monomer concentrations relevant to clinical exposure. The above-mentioned methods are the foundations for modified testing strategies. The clinical relevance of most available in vitro endpoint tests is of limited relevance for the patient. Research focusing on molecular mechanisms has given new insight into methacrylate toxicity in exposed cells. Using this knowledge from mechanistic studies to develop standardized in vitro biocompatibility tests will likely improve their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jon E. Dahl
- NIOM - Nordic institute of dental materials, Oslo, Norway
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4
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Meek B, Bridges JW, Fasey A, Sauer UG. Evidential requirements for the regulatory hazard and risk assessment of respiratory sensitisers: methyl methacrylate as an example. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:931-946. [PMID: 36797432 PMCID: PMC10025211 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses the need for a framework to increase the consistency, objectivity and transparency in the regulatory assessment of respiratory sensitisers and associated uncertainties. Principal issues are considered and illustrated through a case study (with methyl methacrylate). In the absence of test methods validated for regulatory use, formal documentation of the weight-of-evidence for hazard classification both at the level of integration of individual studies within lines of evidence and across a broad range of data streams was agreed to be critical for such a framework. An integrated approach is proposed to include not only occupational studies and clinical evidence for the regulatory assessment of respiratory sensitisers, but also information on structure and physical and chemical factors, predictive approaches such as structure activity analysis and in vitro and in vivo mechanistic and toxicokinetic findings. A weight-of-evidence protocol, incorporating integration of these sources of data based on predefined considerations, would contribute to transparency and consistency in the outcome of the assessment. In those cases where a decision may need to be taken on the basis of occupational findings alone, conclusions should be based on transparent weighting of relevant data on the observed prevalence of occupational asthma in various studies taking into account all relevant information including the range and nature of workplace exposures to the substance of interest, co-exposure to other chemicals and study quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James W Bridges
- Emeritus Professor, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Ursula G Sauer
- Scientific Consultancy-Animal Welfare, Hallstattfeld 16, 85579, Neubiberg, Germany.
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5
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Ahmed MH, Yoshihara K, Nagaoka N, Yao C, Matsukawa A, Yoshida Y, Van Meerbeek B. Acrylamide monomers in universal adhesives. Dent Mater 2023; 39:246-259. [PMID: 36710097 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The mono-functional monomer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) is often added to universal adhesives (UAs) to improve surface wetting and prevent phase separation. Nevertheless, HEMA promotes water sorption and hydrolysis at adhesive interfaces, hereby affecting long-term bonding to dentin. This study investigated if two acrylamide monomers could replace HEMA in an UA formulation applied in etch-and-rinse (2E&R) and self-etch (1SE) bonding mode. METHODS Four experimental UAs were bonded to bur-cut dentin. In addition to 12 wt% 10-MDP, 25 wt% Bis-GMA and 10 wt% TEGDMA as common monomer composition, 20 %wt ethanol and 15 %wt water as solvent, and 3 wt% polymerization-related additives, the four formulations solely differed for either the acrylamide cross-linker monomer 'FAM-201' as TEGDMA alternative and HEMA replacement, the hydroxyethyl acrylamide monomer 'HEAA' as HEMA alternative, HEMA ('HEMA+'), or extra TEGDMA in a HEMA-free control ('HEMA-'), all added in a 15 wt% concentration. The split-tooth study design involved application in 2E&R mode on one tooth half versus 1SE mode on the corresponding half. Micro-tensile bond strength of half of the micro-specimens was measured upon 1-week distilled water storage ('immediate' 1w μTBS), with the other half measured after additional 6-month storage ('aged' 6 m μTBS). Statistics involved linear mixed-effects (LME) modelling (p < .05). Additionally, interfacial TEM characterization, thin-film (TF) XRD surface analysis, LogP determination, and a cytotoxicity assay were carried out. RESULTS FAM-201 revealed significantly higher μTBS than HEMA+ at 1w and 6 m when applied both in E&R and SE bonding modes. HEAA's μTBS was significantly lower than that of HEMA+ at 1w when applied in SE mode. TF-XRD and TEM revealed similar chemical and ultrastructural interfacial characterization, including stable 10-MDP_Ca salt nano-layering. FAM-201 was least cytotoxic and presented with an intermediary LogP, while HEAA presented with the highest LogP, indicating high hydrophilicity and water-sorption sensitivity. SIGNIFICANCE The acrylamide co-monomer FAM-201 could replace HEMA in an UA formulation, while HEAA not.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Ahmed
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium; Tanta University, Department of Dental Biomaterials, Tanta, Egypt
| | - K Yoshihara
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Health and Medical Research Institute, Takamatsu, Japan; Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pathology & Experimental Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - N Nagaoka
- Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pathology & Experimental Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - C Yao
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Matsukawa
- Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pathology & Experimental Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Y Yoshida
- Hokkaido University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - B Van Meerbeek
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium.
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6
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Tirico MCCP, Reis VMDS, Aoki V, Demange MK, Tirico LEP. Correlation between skin patch testing and clinical outcome in total knee arthroplasty, a serial prospective study. An Bras Dermatol 2023; 98:224-226. [PMID: 36567166 PMCID: PMC9984707 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valeria Aoki
- Medical school, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Kawamura Demange
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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7
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Lehmann A, Nijakowski K, Drożdżyńska A, Przybylak M, Woś P, Surdacka A. Influence of the Polymerization Modes on the Methacrylic Acid Release from Dental Light-Cured Materials-In Vitro Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15248976. [PMID: 36556780 PMCID: PMC9786925 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The study focuses on the problem of lowering the pH around a composite filling concerning the polymerization modes and methacrylic acid release, which may affect not only the oral health but also the whole organism. A total of 90 specimens (30 of each: Filtek Bulk Fill, Evetric and Riva LC) were placed in 90 sterile hermetic polyethene containers with saline and incubated at 37 °C. Ten samples of each material were light-cured for 40 s with one of the three curing modes: full power mode (FPM), ramping mode (RM) and pulse mode (PM). The pH and methacrylic acid release evaluation were performed at the following time points: after 2 h and after 3, 7, 21 and 42 days from the specimen preparation. Regardless of light-curing mode, all used materials were characterized by a gradual elevation in methacrylic acid concentration. Only for Filtek Bulk Fill, increased methacrylic acid release was closely associated with lower pH. The choice of the polymerization mode has no significant influence on the methacrylic acid release. However, further research about composite light-curing is necessary to create the procedure algorithm, reducing the local and systemic complications associated with composite fillings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lehmann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Kacper Nijakowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnieszka Drożdżyńska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - Martyna Przybylak
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - Patryk Woś
- Student’s Scientific Group in Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Surdacka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
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8
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Havmose M, Thyssen JP, Zachariae C, Johansen JD. Artificial Nails and Long-lasting Nail Polish in Danish Hairdressers: Self-use, Occupational Exposure and Related Eczema. Acta Derm Venereol 2022; 102:adv00818. [PMID: 36317860 PMCID: PMC9811296 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v102.4524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial nail modelling systems (ANMS), encompassing artificial nails and long-lasting nail polish, are sources of acrylate exposure in beauticians and users of ANMS. Hairdressers' exposure to ANMS from self-use and occupational exposure is currently unknown. In 2020 a questionnaire was sent to all hairdressers graduating during 2008 to 2018 in Denmark (n = 4,830). Self-use of ANMS was reported by 87.6% of respondents (1,251/1,428), and application of ANMS to others was reported by 22.1% (316/1,428). Of these, application to others was performed in a salon by 37.1% (109/294), privately by 51.0% (150/294) and in both settings by 11.9% (35/294). Compliance with glove use was seen in 23.0% (67/291) among those applying ANMS to others. Among hairdressers exposed to ANMS, 4.3% (52/1,218) reported ANMS-related hand eczema. Being a trained beautician (adjusted odds ratio 3.26, 95% confidence interval 1.06-9.99) and having had a positive patch-test to acrylates (adjusted odds ratio 7.70, 95% confidence interval 1.44-41.13) were associated with ANMS-related hand dermatitis. In conclusion, hairdressers have a high prevalence of exposure to ANMS and ANMS-related hand dermatitis. Compliance with glove use when applying ANMS to others is poor. Patch-testing with acrylates is valuable in the diagnostic work-up of hand eczema in hairdressers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Havmose
- National Allergy Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 20A, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark.
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- National Allergy Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 20A, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Claus Zachariae
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jeanne D Johansen
- National Allergy Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 20A, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark
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9
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A Pilot Study on Monomer and Bisphenol A (BPA) Release from UDMA-Based and Conventional Indirect Veneering Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214580. [PMID: 36365574 PMCID: PMC9656414 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the release of common monomers from conventional (Dialog Vario, Enamel Plus HFO) and UDMA-based indirect veneering composites (VITA VM LC, GC Gradia). Ten cylindrical samples of each material were prepared (n = 40), immersed in HPLC grade water, and incubated for 24 h in an incubation shaker at 37 °C and 112 rpm. Extraction was performed following ISO 10993-12 and monomers were detected and quantified by HPLC-MS/MS. In all the samples, urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and bisphenol A (BPA) were quantifiable. Compared to water blanks, BPA levels were only elevated in the eluates from conventional composites. In all other samples, concentrations were in the range of extraneous BPA and were therefore clinically irrelevant. Low concentrations of Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) were found in one BPA-free composite and in both conventional materials. Statistical analyses showed that BPA-free materials released significantly less BisGMA and no BPA, while UDMA elution was comparable to elution from conventional materials. All measured concentrations were below reported effective cytotoxic concentrations. Considering these results, the substitution of BPA-derivatives with UDMA might be beneficial since BPA-associated adverse effects are ruled out. Further studies should be enrolled to test the biocompatibility of UDMA on cells of the oral environment.
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10
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2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-derived reactive oxygen species stimulate ATP release via TRPA1 in human dental pulp cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12343. [PMID: 35853988 PMCID: PMC9296549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels are involved in calcium signaling in odontoblasts and dental pain. The resin monomer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), used in dental restorative procedures, is related to apoptotic cell death via oxidative stress. Although the TRPA1 channel is highly sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS), the effect of HEMA-induced ROS on ATP release to the extracellular space and the TRPA1 channel has not been clarified in human dental pulp. In this study, we investigated the extracellular ATP signaling and TRPA1 activation by HEMA-derived ROS in immortalized human dental pulp cells (hDPSC-K4DT). Among the ROS-sensitive TRP channels, TRPA1 expression was highest in undifferentiated hDPSC-K4DT cells, and its expression levels were further enhanced by osteogenic differentiation. In differentiated hDPSC-K4DT cells, 30 mM HEMA increased intracellular ROS production and ATP release, although 3 mM HEMA had no effect. Pretreatment with the free radical scavenger PBN (N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone) or TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031 suppressed HEMA-induced responses. These results suggest that ROS production induced by a higher dose of HEMA activates the TRPA1 channel in human dental pulp cells, leading to ATP release. These findings may contribute to the understanding of the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of tertiary dentin formation and pain in response to dental biomaterials.
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11
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In Vitro Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Hypoallergenic Denture Base Resins. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103611. [PMID: 35629638 PMCID: PMC9147828 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of hypoallergenic denture resins is key to the treatment of patients with allergies to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). In this study, the in vitro mechanical properties of hypoallergenic and PMMA denture base resins were compared. Ninety-six test specimens of hypoallergenic denture base resins (Polyan Plus®, Sinomer, TMS Acetal Dental, Erkocryl) and 72 test specimens of PMMA-based denture base resins (Paladon 65, PalaXpress, SR-Ivocap) were fabricated. The flexural strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength, macro- and microhardness, average roughness, water absorption, and water solubility of the resins were measured. None of the hypoallergenic denture resins matched all the mechanical properties of the PMMA resins. Polyan Plus® and TMS Acetal Dental were closest to matching the mechanical properties of the PMMA resins, and TMS Acetal Dental had some superior properties. Consequently, Polyan Plus® and TMS Acetal Dental hypoallergenic resins are recommended for further investigation as potential alternatives to PMMA resins for the fabrication of removable dentures.
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12
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Hatton PV, Mulligan S, Martin N. The safety and biocompatibility of direct aesthetic restorative materials. Br Dent J 2022; 232:611-614. [PMID: 35562452 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-022-4198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Restorative dental materials are among the most important medical devices in terms of the numbers of patients who benefit and the technical sophistication of the products. Many though contain toxic or noxious substances, including potentially sensitising resin monomers, photoinitiators, acidic polymers and glass or ceramic filler particles. Despite this, dental materials are among the safest medical devices in use today, with very few reports of adverse reactions or injuries among both patients or the dental team. This paper considers the potential for adverse reactions to dental materials, current evidence for harm and finally examines the reasons why in real-world clinical use the likelihood of an adverse event is extremely low. Medical devices regulations, responsible manufacture and clinical vigilance all appear to play important roles in ensuring that dental materials do not cause or present a risk to patients. While this excellent in-practice safety record is welcome, there is now increasing interest in the 'macro' scale biocompatibility of dental materials and their packaging in the environment, subjects that have been relatively neglected until recently. It was concluded that this should be a priority for future research and development and support is needed from governments alongside the manufacturing industry and the profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Hatton
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK.
| | - Steven Mulligan
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Nicolas Martin
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
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13
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Durner J, Schrickel K, Watts DC, Becker M, Draenert ME. Direct and indirect eluates from bulk fill resin-based-composites. Dent Mater 2022; 38:489-507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Symanzik C, Weinert P, Babić Ž, Hallmann S, Havmose MS, Johansen JD, Kezic S, Macan M, Macan J, Strahwald J, Turk R, van der Molen HF, John SM, Uter W. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethyl cyanoacrylate contained in cosmetic glues among hairdressers and beauticians who perform nail treatments and eyelash extension as well as hair extension applications: a systematic review. Contact Dermatitis 2022; 86:480-492. [PMID: 35088905 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Current cosmetic regulations primarily focus on protecting consumers, not the professional user who is subjected to a partly different, and certainly more intense exposure to hazardous substances. Against this background, the present systematic review aims to compile and appraise evidence regarding skin toxicity of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA; CAS no. 212-782-2) and ethyl cyanoacrylate (ECA; CAS no. 7085-85-0) contained in cosmetic glues used among hairdressers and beauticians who perform nail treatments and eyelash extension as well as hair extension applications. This systematic review followed the PRISMA 2020 recommendations for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analysis. In total, 6 publications from 6 countries were eligible for this systematic review. Meta-analysis revealed that hairdressers and beauticians have a 9-fold increased risk of developing contact allergy to HEMA compared to controls who are not hairdressers and beauticians. Results for ECA are lacking. The present systematic review clearly shows that - regarding contact allergy to acrylates - it is not appropriate to apply risk assessment for consumers to hairdressers and beauticians who occupationally handle cosmetic glues. The regulations in existence do not adequately address occupational risks for hairdressers and beauticians connected with the use of acrylate-containing cosmetic substances and need reconsideration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Symanzik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Patricia Weinert
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Željka Babić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sarah Hallmann
- University of Erlangen, Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin S Havmose
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Skin and Allergy, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanne D Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Skin and Allergy, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanja Kezic
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marija Macan
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Macan
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Julia Strahwald
- University of Erlangen, Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rajka Turk
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Henk F van der Molen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Swen M John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- University of Erlangen, Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Acrylates as a significant cause of allergic contact dermatitis: new sources of exposure. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2021; 38:555-560. [PMID: 34658693 PMCID: PMC8501444 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.95848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrylate monomers have a wide range of applications. Since the 1950s, many reports of occupational origin allergic contact dermatitis due to (meth)acrylate monomers have been published. During last decades, (meth)acrylate allergy has undergone an occupational shift from dentistry toward beauty industry and medical devices. The aim of the study was to conduct a literature review on acrylates as a cause of allergic contact dermatitis, current sources of exposure as well as identification of professional groups with an increased risk of this allergy and methods of effective prevention. Database review: Medline search (PubMed), Wiley Online Library and Web of Science base in years 1956–2019 using the following keywords: acrylates, manicurists, dentists, dental technicians, medical devices, occupational exposure, and allergic contact dermatitis. 204 346 articles containing the term ‘acrylates‘ have been found. They include 2 042 articles with the word ‘manicurists’, 169 919 – ‘dentists’, 218 236 – ‘dental technicians’, 2 427 418 – ‘medical devices’. Fifty-nine articles were chosen based on analysis of abstracts and full texts. In the past allergy to acrylates was mainly of occupational origin and dental technicians were the most often affected professional group. Since the long-lasting manicure has become popular, this problem concerns both manicurists and their customers. Moreover, the new significant trend is non-occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by medical devices especially dedicated to diabetes patients.
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16
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Occupational Methacrylate Allergy in Dental Personnel. ALLERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/allergies1020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of the article: Acrylate and methacrylate (MA) use in the dental industry is widespread, being utilized in dental prostheses and composite resins, dentin bonding materials, and glass ionomers. However, occupational methacrylate allergy in dental personnel is a growing phenomenon. The aims of this retrospective observational study are to evaluate the risk of occupational contact dermatitis following exposure to methacrylates in dental personnel and to identify possible preventive measures. Materials and Methods: A total of 126 subjects exposed to acrylic and methacrylic resins in their professional context and who reported clinical manifestations were included from our outpatient department database. These were subdivided into two groups: 81 dental technicians and 45 dental hygienists. All the subjects had undergone patch testing with a “methacrylate series” (FIRMA) and readings were taken after 2 days (D2), 4 days (D4), and 7 days (D7). Results: A significantly higher incidence of methacrylate allergy was found in the dental technician group compared to the dental hygienists. Among the dental technicians, 40.7% of the subjects presented skin manifestations. The hands were the most frequently affected sites. Conclusion: Our results confirm the high sensitizing potential of MA in the workplace for dental personnel and in particular an increased professional risk in work where the hands are directly involved (dental technicians). Patch testing as an integrated part of a screening tray is needed for a complete evaluation of occupational skin allergy due to MA in dental personnel. The adoption of proper primary preventive measures, including gloves, protective eyewear, face shields, and disposable gowns, can be useful in preventing new cases of contact dermatitis, which may lead to a change of occupation in dental personnel.
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17
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Indoor Air Pollution with Fine Particles and Implications for Workers’ Health in Dental Offices: A Brief Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13020599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Indoor air pollution can affect the well-being and health of humans. Sources of indoor pollution with particulate matter (PM) are outdoor particles and indoor causes, such as construction materials, the use of cleaning products, air fresheners, heating, cooking, and smoking activities. In 2017, according to the Global Burden of Disease study, 1.6 million people died prematurely because of indoor air pollution. The health effects of outdoor exposure to PM have been the subject of both research and regulatory action, and indoor exposure to fine particles is gaining more and more attention as a potential source of adverse health effects. Moreover, in critical situations such as the current pandemic crisis, to protect the health of the population, patients, and staff in all areas of society (particularly in indoor environments, where there are vulnerable groups, such as people who have pre-existing lung conditions, patients, elderly people, and healthcare professionals such as dental practitioners), there is an urgent need to improve long- and short-term health. Exposure to aerosols and splatter contaminated with bacteria, viruses, and blood produced during dental procedures performed on patients rarely leads to the transmission of infectious agents between patients and dental health care staff if infection prevention procedures are strictly followed. On the other hand, in the current circumstances of the pandemic crisis, dental practitioners could have an occupational risk of acquiring coronavirus disease as they may treat asymptomatic and minimally symptomatic patients. Consequently, an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection could occur in dental offices, both for staff that provide dental healthcare and for other patients, considering that many dental procedures produce droplets and dental aerosols, which carry an infectious virus such as SARS-CoV-2. (2) Types of studies reviewed and applied methodology: The current work provides a critical review and evaluation, as well as perspectives concerning previous studies on health risks of indoor exposure to PM in dental offices. The authors reviewed representative dental medicine literature focused on sources of indoor PM10 and PM2.5 (particles for which the aerodynamic diameter size is respectively less than 10 and 2.5 μm) in indoor spaces (paying specific attention to dental offices) and their characteristics and toxicological effects in indoor microenvironments. The authors also reviewed representative studies on relations between the indoor air quality and harmful effects, as well as studies on possible indoor viral infections acquired through airborne and droplet transmission. The method employed for the research illustrated in the current paper involved a desk study of documents and records relating to occupational health problems among dental health care providers. In this way, it obtained background information on both the main potential hazards in dentistry and infection risks from aerosol transmission within dental offices. Reviewing this kind of information, especially that relating to bioaerosols, is critical for minimizing the risk to dental staff and patients, particularly when new recommendations for COVID-19 risk reduction for the dental health professional community and patients attending dental clinics are strongly needed. (3) Results: The investigated studies and reports obtained from the medical literature showed that, even if there are a wide number of studies on indoor human exposure to fine particles and health effects, more deep research and specific studies on indoor air pollution with fine particles and implications for workers’ health in dental offices are needed. As dental practices are at a higher risk for hazardous indoor air because of exposure to chemicals and microbes, the occupational exposures and diseases must be addressed, with special attention being paid to the dental staff. The literature also documents that exposure to fine particles in dental offices can be minimized by putting prevention into practice (personal protection barriers such as masks, gloves, and safety eyeglasses) and also keeping indoor air clean (e.g., high-volume evacuation, the use of an air-room-cleaning system with high-efficiency particulate filters, and regularly maintaining the air-conditioning and ventilation systems). These kinds of considerations are extremely important as the impact of indoor pollution on human health is no longer an individual issue, with its connections representing a future part of sustainability which is currently being redefined. These kinds of considerations are extremely important, and the authors believe that a better situation in dentistry needs to be developed, with researchers in materials and dental health trying to understand and explain the impact of indoor pollution on human health.
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18
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Isaksson M, Rustemeyer T, Antelmi A. Contact Allergy to Dental Materials and Implants. Contact Dermatitis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Contact Allergy to Plastic Materials and Glues. Contact Dermatitis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36335-2_79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Cimatu KLA, Premadasa UI, Ambagaspitiya TD, Adhikari NM, Jang JH. Evident phase separation and surface segregation of hydrophobic moieties at the copolymer surface using atomic force microscopy and SFG spectroscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 580:645-659. [PMID: 32712471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Copolymers are developed to enhance the overall physical and chemical properties of polymers. The surface nature of a copolymer is relevant to creating efficient materials to improve adhesion and biocompatibility. We hypothesize that the improved adhesion, as a surface property, is due to phase separation, surface segregation, and the overall molecular organization of different polymer components at the copolymer surface. EXPERIMENTS The surface structure of a copolymer composed of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomer and 2-phenoxyethyl methacrylate (PhEMA) monomer was analyzed in comparison to the polyHEMA and polyPhEMA homopolymers using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy. FINDINGS The contrast in the phase images was due to the variance in the hydrophobic level provided by the hydroxyl and phenoxy modified monomers in the copolymer. The distribution of the adhesion values, supporting the presence of hydrophobic moieties, across the polymer surface defined the surface segregation of these two components. SFG spectra of the copolymer thin film showed combined spectral features of both polyHEMA and polyPhEMA thin films at the polymer surface. The tilt angles of the alpha-methyl group of homopolymers using the polarization intensity ratio analysis and the polarization mapping method were estimated to be in the range from 48° to 66°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Leslee A Cimatu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories, Athens, OH 45701-2979, United States.
| | - Uvinduni I Premadasa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories, Athens, OH 45701-2979, United States
| | - Tharushi D Ambagaspitiya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories, Athens, OH 45701-2979, United States
| | - Narendra M Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, 100 University Terrace, 136 Clippinger Laboratories, Athens, OH 45701-2979, United States
| | - Joon Hee Jang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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21
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Dietz JB, Menné T, Meyer HW, Viskum S, Flyvholm MA, Ahrensbøll-Friis U, John SM, Johansen JD. Degree of employment, sick leave, and costs following notification of occupational contact dermatitis-A register-based study. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 84:224-235. [PMID: 33058169 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) is the most commonly recognized occupational disease in Denmark. OBJECTIVES To examine the impact of recognized OCD on degree of employment, sick leave, unemployment, and job change. METHODS Data on all recognized individuals with OCD notified in Denmark between 2010 and 2015 (n = 8940) were linked to information on social transfer payments in the years before and after notification. The number of weeks on unemployment benefits or sick leave and the degree of employment during the 2 years prior to notification was compared with the 2 years following notification. RESULTS The degree of employment decreased on average 8.9 work-hours/month, corresponding to an average annual loss of income per worker of approximately €1570. The average number of weeks that workers were receiving unemployment benefits and paid long-term sick leave rose by 2.5 and 3.4 weeks, respectively, corresponding to an average additional annual cost per worker of approximately €420 and €770, respectively. Longer case-processing time was significantly associated with lower degree of employment and higher levels of unemployment and sick leave. CONCLUSIONS OCD has a significant negative impact on employment and economics, thus highlighting the need for a national, strategic action plan for effective prevention of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jojo B Dietz
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Torkil Menné
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Harald W Meyer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sven Viskum
- Unit of Social Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mari-Ann Flyvholm
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Ahrensbøll-Friis
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Swen M John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Health and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück and Institute of Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jeanne D Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
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22
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Bishop S, Roberts H. Methacrylate perspective in current dental practice. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2020; 32:673-680. [PMID: 32744420 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a current perspective concerning dental personnel sensitivity to methacrylate materials. OVERVIEW Methacrylate related sensitivity and allergies are currently beyond traditional thoughts concerning denture base resins and methyl methacrylate provisional materials. Methacrylates are now ubiquitous in current dental practice and dental personnel should be aware that dental adhesives contain potent sensitizers that may also cross-sensitize individuals to other methacrylates not experienced. The growing sensitivity to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) has been described to be epidemic in nature due to the artificial nail industry with dental patients and dental personnel may be more susceptible to dental methacrylate sensitization. While contact dermatitis remains the most prevalent methacrylate-related clinical presentation, respiratory complications and asthma are increasing associated with methacrylate exposure. While additional personal protective equipment (PPE) is thought to be first protective choice, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) considers PPE overall largely ineffective and should be considered only as a last resort. CONCLUSION Dental personnel need to be more aware of methacrylate sources and use workplace control measures to limit methacrylate exposures to both dental personnel and patients. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Sensitivity to methacrylate materials is a growing dental workplace major concern and dental personnel should be aware of both the methacrylate content of current materials and the products that contain ingredients with the most sensitization potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Bishop
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, Lexin1gton, Kentucky, USA
| | - Howard Roberts
- Director of Graduate Studies, University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,USAF Postgraduate Dental College, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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23
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Alizadehgharib S, Östberg AK, Dahlstrand Rudin A, Dahlgren U, Christenson K. The effects of the dental methacrylates TEGDMA, Bis-GMA, and UDMA on neutrophils in vitro. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 6:439-447. [PMID: 32543782 PMCID: PMC7453771 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The prevalent usage of methacrylates in modern dentistry demands good knowledge of their biological impacts. While there have been several studies demonstrating the effects of different methacrylic monomers on mononuclear white blood cells, very little is known about the effects caused by these monomers on neutrophilic granulocytes. The objective of this study was to add novel knowledge about how neutrophils are affected by exposure to triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), and bisphenol A glycol dimethacrylate (Bis‐GMA) alone or in combinations. Materials and Methods Isolated neutrophils were cultured in the presence or absence of methacrylates. The IL‐8 release was measured using a DuoSet ELISA development kit. Apoptosis and necrosis were analyzed using flow cytometry. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was investigated using Sytox green DNA staining combined with microscopically examination of released DNA and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Results The release of IL‐8 was significantly increased after exposure to TEGDMA, Bis‐GMA, UDMA, or TEGDMA in combination with Bis‐GMA or UDMA compared to the unstimulated controls. Exposure to TEGDMA, UDMA, and Bis‐GMA for 24 hr separately or in combination did not affect apoptosis or necrosis of the exposed neutrophils. NET structures were formed by neutrophils after exposure to the different combinations of the methacrylates. Conclusion The combination of TEGDMA and Bis‐GMA had a synergistic proinflammatory effect on neutrophils by increasing the release of IL‐8 and the formation of NET structures. The changes in the normal functions of neutrophils caused by methacrylate exposure may lead to altered inflammatory response and relate to previously reported adverse immune reactions caused by these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alizadehgharib
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Karin Östberg
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agnes Dahlstrand Rudin
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Dahlgren
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Christenson
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Morisbak E, Uvsløkk S, Samuelsen JT. In vitro effects of dental monomer exposure - Dependence on the cell culture model. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 67:104906. [PMID: 32502623 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Methacrylate monomers are major components of resin-based biomaterials. The polymerization of these materials is never complete, and methacrylates leaking from cured materials cause exposure of patients. Only some selected methacrylates have thoroughly been tested for possible interaction with living cells. In the current study, we compared the effects of 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA; a carefully studied methacrylate) and hydroxypropyl-methacrylate (HPMA; a scarcely investigated methacrylate). Five cell lines differing in both source and cell type were used. The cells were exposed to methacrylates (1-8 mM). Cell viability, cell death, glutathione levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cell growth pattern were measured. Both methacrylates reduced cell viability, and glutathione depletion was observed in all cell lines. The cell death pattern varied among the cell lines. The ROS levels and cell growth pattern also differed between the cell lines after exposure to methacrylate monomers. No difference between HEMA and HPMA exposures were observed in any of the cell lines. The variation between cell lines shows that the measured methacrylate toxicity depends heavily on the test system chosen. Further, the conformity between HEMA and HPMA effects suggests that the two methacrylates similarly affect living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else Morisbak
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM), Oslo, Norway
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25
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Contact Dermatitis Associated With Nail Care Products: Retrospective Analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 2001–2016. Dermatitis 2020; 31:191-201. [DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Vakkipurath Kodakkadan YN, Idzakovicova K, Sepitka J, Ten Napel D, Safai E, Cigler P, Štěpánek F, Rehor I. Arbitrarily-shaped microgels composed of chemically unmodified biopolymers. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:3044-3051. [PMID: 32307470 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm02056j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biohydrogels, composed of naturally occurring biopolymers are typically preferred over their synthetic analogues in bioapplications thanks to their biocompatibility, bioactivity, mechanical or degradation properties. Shaping biohydrogels on the single-cell length scales (micrometers) is a key ability needed to create bioequivalent artificial cell/tissue constructs and cannot be achieved with current methods. This work introduces a method for photolithographic synthesis of arbitrarily shaped microgels composed purely of a biopolymer of choice. The biopolymer is mixed with a sacrificial photocrosslinkable polymer, and the mixture is photocrosslinked in a lithographic process, yielding anisotropic microgels with the biopolymer entrapped in the network. Subsequent ionic or covalent biopolymer crosslinking followed by template cleavage yields a microgel composed purely of a biopolymer with the 3D shape dictated by the photocrosslinking process. Method feasibility is demonstrated with two model polysaccharide biopolymers (alginate, chitosan) using suitable crosslinking methods. Next, alginate microgels were used as microtaggants on a pharmaceutical oral solid dose formulation to prevent its counterfeiting. Since the alginate is approved as an additive in the food and pharmaceutical industries, the presented tagging system can be implemented in practical use much easier than systems comprising synthetic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadu N Vakkipurath Kodakkadan
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technicka 5, 16628, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Soykut B, Erdem O, Yalçın CÖ, Üstündağ A, Duydu Y, Akay C, Pişkin B. Occupational exposure of dental technicians to methyl methacrylate: Genotoxicity assessment. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 852:503159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Navarro‐Triviño FJ, Ruiz‐Villaverde R. Chronic foot eczema caused by Bis‐GMA from composite work protection boots. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 82:167-168. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Durner J, Schrickel K, Watts DC, Becker M, Hickel R, Draenert ME. An alternate methodology for studying diffusion and elution kinetics of dimethacrylate monomers through dentinal tubules. Dent Mater 2020; 36:479-490. [PMID: 32093972 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (bisEMA) is a base monomer in several dental resin composites. It was the main aim of the present study to determine if bisEMA can reach the dental pulp by generally passive diffusion through the coronal dentinal tubules stimulated via eluent liquids surrounding the root structures only. METHODS In 20 human third molar teeth, standard Class-I occlusal cavities were prepared and provided either with an adhesive system alone or additionally with a composite restoration, according to the instructions of the manufacturer. The teeth were placed in an elution chamber such that the elution media only came into contact with the tooth root/tooth base where they were incubated at 37 °C for up to 7 d. Samples were taken after 1, 2, 4 and 7 d. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to identify bisEMA and other monomers in ethanol/water (3:1) and aqueous eluates. RESULTS bisEMA was only found in ethanol/water eluates, where the teeth had received a composite restoration. Traces of bisEMA with up to three ethylene oxide units could be detected in these eluates. Depending on the dentin thickness, different elution kinetics of bisEMA were determined. Regardless of the treatment of teeth, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEEGDMA) were found in ethanolic/aqueous eluates in equal amounts. Most TEGDMA and TEEGDMA diffused through the dentin within the first 24 h. SIGNIFICANCE Depending on the dentin layer thickness, bisEMA was released for varied time periods, resulting in varied concentrations and exposure times for the different cells of the dental pulp. The concentrations of TEGDMA and TEEGDMA were greatest for cells of the dental pulp within the first 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Durner
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany; Laboratory Becker and Colleagues, Führichstr. 70, 81671 München, Germany.
| | - Klaus Schrickel
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Im Steingrund 4-6, 63303 Dreieich, Germany
| | - David C Watts
- School of Medical Sciences and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Becker
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany; Laboratory Becker and Colleagues, Führichstr. 70, 81671 München, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Miriam E Draenert
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Goethestr. 70, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Contact Allergy to Plastic Materials and Glues. Contact Dermatitis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_79-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Dental Materials and Implants. Contact Dermatitis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_39-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Isaksson M, Rustemeyer T, Antelmi A. Contact Allergy to Dental Materials and Implants. Contact Dermatitis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_39-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Long-term elution of monomers from resin-based dental composites. Dent Mater 2019; 35:477-485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Östberg AK, Alizadehgharib S, Dahlgren U. Sublingual administration of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate enhances antibody responses to co-administered ovalbumin and Streptococcus mutans. Acta Odontol Scand 2018; 76:351-356. [PMID: 29648491 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2018.1460491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The oral mucosa of patients undergoing dental procedures is often exposed to residual monomers leaking from incompletely cured acrylic resins. We investigated whether 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomers applied to the sublingual mucosa in mice modulate the antibody responses towards co-administered ovalbumin (OVA) or live oral bacteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS OVA, live mouse oral commensal Lactobacillus murinus or live human oral commensal Streptococcus mutans were administered sublingually with or without HEMA to BALB/c mice on four weekly occasions. One week after the last administration, the experiment was terminated and serum antibody levels were analyzed using ELISA. RESULTS Significantly increased IgG and IgE anti-OVA antibody activity was found in the sera from mice immunized with OVA together with HEMA, as compared to mice immunized with OVA alone. Likewise, S. mutans together with HEMA induced an IgG anti-S. mutans antibody response that was significantly higher than the antibody response detected after application of S. mutans alone. No IgG anti-L. murinus antibody response was detected in mice immunized with L. murinus together with HEMA, as compared to the background activity. CONCLUSIONS We report that HEMA monomers have adjuvant properties when sublingually administered in combination with OVA or S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karin Östberg
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Alizadehgharib
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Dahlgren
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Abstract
Acrylate allergies have been reported in dental professionals as a result of repeat exposure to various acrylate monomers and in dental patients with removable prostheses or longstanding composite restorations. To date, there is only one report of an allergic reaction in a young patient from small volumes of resin-based orthodontic adhesive. This case report demonstrates a recent case of gingival inflammation and lip oedema attributed to an acrylate allergy arising from the composite adhesive used with fixed appliances. The impact on orthodontic treatment is reported and the wider implications for dentistry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophy K Barber
- a Orthodontic Department , Leeds Dental Institute , Leeds , UK
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Bogen KT, Garry MR. Risks of Allergic Contact Dermatitis Elicited by Nickel, Chromium, and Organic Sensitizers: Quantitative Models Based on Clinical Patch Test Data. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2018; 38:1036-1051. [PMID: 29023909 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Risks of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from consumer products intended for extended (nonpiercing) dermal contact are regulated by E.U. Directive EN 1811 that limits released Ni to a weekly equivalent dermal load of ≤0.5 μg/cm2 . Similar approaches for thousands of known organic sensitizers are hampered by inability to quantify respective ACD-elicitation risk levels. To help address this gap, normalized values of cumulative risk for eliciting a positive ("≥+") clinical patch test response reported in 12 studies for a total of n = 625 Ni-sensitized patients were modeled in relation to observed ACD-eliciting Ni loads, yielding an approximate lognormal (LN) distribution with a geometric mean and standard deviation of GMNi = 15 μg/cm2 and GSDNi = 8.0, respectively. Such data for five sensitizers (including formaldehyde and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) were also ∼LN distributed, but with a common GSD value equal to GSDNi and with heterogeneous sensitizer-specific GM values each defining a respective ACD-eliciting potency GMNi /GM relative to Ni. Such potencies were also estimated for nine (meth)acrylates by applying this general LN ACD-elicitation risk model to respective sets of fewer data. ACD-elicitation risk patterns observed for Cr(VI) (n = 417) and Cr(III) (n = 78) were fit to mixed-LN models in which ∼30% and ∼40% of the most sensitive responders, respectively, were estimated to exhibit a LN response also governed by GSDNi . The observed common LN-response shape parameter GSDNi may reflect a common underlying ACD mechanism and suggests a common interim approach to quantitative ACD-elicitation risk assessment based on available clinical data.
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Heratizadeh A, Werfel T, Schubert S, Geier J. Contact sensitization in dental technicians with occupational contact dermatitis. Data of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) 2001-2015. Contact Dermatitis 2018; 78:266-273. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annice Heratizadeh
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Hannover Medical School; 30625 Hannover Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Hannover Medical School; 30625 Hannover Germany
| | - Steffen Schubert
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology; University Medical Centre Göttingen; 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Johannes Geier
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology; University Medical Centre Göttingen; 37075 Göttingen Germany
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Alizadehgharib S, Östberg A, Dahlgren U. Effects of the methacrylate/acrylate monomers HEMA, TEGDMA, DEGDA, and EMA on the immune system. Clin Exp Dent Res 2017; 3:227-234. [PMID: 29744206 PMCID: PMC5839251 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Incomplete curing of dental fillings may lead to leakage of methacrylate/acrylate monomers, which may come in contact with different cells of the immune system in oral tissues. Very little is known about the different immunologic effects caused by these methacrylates/acrylates. The objective of the present study was to study if and how the methacrylate/acrylate monomers ethyl methacrylate (EMA) and diethylene glycol diacrylate (DEGDA) affect the immune system in vivo and in vitro in comparison to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to the different monomers (500 and 1000 μM) for 24 hr in vitro. BioPlex Pro™ assays were used for cytokine analysis. In vivo, BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously at the base of the tail with HEMA, TEGDMA, EMA, or DEGDA in combination with ovalbumin (OVA) in order to study adjuvant properties of the 4 monomers. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to DEGDA had viability less than 50% of the cells. A pattern was observed where the levels of most cytokines were elevated after exposure to HEMA or TEGDMA. Since that, many cells died after DEGDA-exposure, the only observed cytokine secretion was a significantly increased production of interleukin-18. In the in vivo experiments, all mice immunized with DEGDA died after the booster injection. Mice receiving OVA in combination with HEMA, TEGDMA, or EMA developed a higher immunoglobulin G anti-OVA antibody levels compared to the group immunized with OVA alone. We could not demonstrate any significant difference in antibody levels among the mice receiving the various methacrylate/acrylate monomers. The different monomers affected the production, increase and decrease, of different cytokines in vitro but resulted also in vivo in increased antibody production and T-cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alizadehgharib
- Department of Oral Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of OdontologyPO Box 450, SE‐405 30GothenburgSweden
| | - Anna‐Karin Östberg
- Department of Oral Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of OdontologyPO Box 450, SE‐405 30GothenburgSweden
| | - Ulf Dahlgren
- Department of Oral Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of OdontologyPO Box 450, SE‐405 30GothenburgSweden
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Cokic S, Duca R, Godderis L, Hoet P, Seo J, Van Meerbeek B, Van Landuyt K. Release of monomers from composite dust. J Dent 2017; 60:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Nilsen BW, Jensen E, Örtengren U, Michelsen VB. Analysis of organic components in resin-modified pulp capping materials: critical considerations. Eur J Oral Sci 2017; 125:183-194. [PMID: 28444854 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the organic composition and eluates of three resin-based pulp-capping materials in relation to their indications and safety data sheets. Uncured samples of Theracal LC, Ultra-Blend Plus, and Calcimol LC were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Identification/quantification of 7-d leachables of cured samples was performed using GC-MS for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), camphorquinone (CQ), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (DMABEE), and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). A similar organic composition was found for Ultra-Blend and Calcimol; however, only Ultra-Blend is indicated for direct pulp-capping. In contrast to the other materials analysed, Theracal contained substances of high molecular weight. The safety data sheets of all materials were incomplete. We detected HEMA, CQ, and TEGDMA in eluates from Ultra-Blend and Calcimol, and it was considered that HEMA might have originated from decomposition of diurethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) in the GC-injector. For Theracal, additives associated with light curing (DMABEE and CQ) were detected in higher amounts (4.11 and 19.95 μg mm-2 ) than in the other materials. Pores were quantified in all samples by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, which could influence leaching. The organic substances in the investigated materials might affect their clinical suitability as capping agents, especially for direct capping procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo W Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Einar Jensen
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ulf Örtengren
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology/Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg, Sweden
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Inamitsu H, Okamoto K, Sakai E, Nishishita K, Murata H, Tsukuba T. The dental resin monomers HEMA and TEGDMA have inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation with low cytotoxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:817-824. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Inamitsu
- Department of Dental Pharmacology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8588 Japan
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8588 Japan
| | - Kuniaki Okamoto
- Department of Dental Pharmacology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8588 Japan
| | - Eiko Sakai
- Department of Dental Pharmacology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8588 Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nishishita
- Department of Dental Pharmacology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8588 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murata
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8588 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tsukuba
- Department of Dental Pharmacology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Sakamoto 1-7-1 Nagasaki 852-8588 Japan
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Nilsen BW, Örtengren U, Simon-Santamaria J, Sørensen KK, Michelsen VB. Methods and terminology used in cell-culture studies of low-dose effects of matrix constituents of polymer resin-based dental materials. Eur J Oral Sci 2016; 124:511-525. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo W. Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry; UiT - The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
| | - Ulf Örtengren
- Department of Clinical Dentistry; UiT - The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
- Department of Cariology; Institute of Odontology/Sahlgrenska Academy; Göteborg Sweden
| | | | - Karen K. Sørensen
- Department of Medical Biology; UiT - The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
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Rashid H, Sheikh Z, Vohra F. Allergic effects of the residual monomer used in denture base acrylic resins. Eur J Dent 2016; 9:614-619. [PMID: 26929705 PMCID: PMC4745248 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.172621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Denture base resins are extensively used in dentistry for a variety of purposes. These materials can be classified as chemical, heat, light, and microwave polymerization materials depending upon the factor which starts the polymerization reaction. Their applications include use during denture base construction, relining existing dentures, and for fabrication of orthodontic removable appliances. There have been increased concerns regarding the safe clinical application of these materials as their biodegradation in the oral environment leads to harmful effects. Along with local side effects, the materials have certain occupational hazards, and numerous studies can be found in the literature mentioning those. The purpose of this article is to outline the cytotoxic consequences of denture base acrylic resins and clinical recommendations for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Rashid
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Sheikh
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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47
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Higgins CL, Nixon RL. Disposable nitrile gloves protect hairdressers from systemic exposure to paratoluenediamine. Occup Environ Med 2015; 73:219-20. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-103222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Stingeni L, Cerulli E, Spalletti A, Mazzoli A, Rigano L, Bianchi L, Hansel K. The role of acrylic acid impurity as a sensitizing component in electrocardiogram electrodes. Contact Dermatitis 2015; 73:44-8. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Stingeni
- Section of Clinical, Allergological and Venereological Dermatology, Department of Medicine; University of Perugia; 06156 Perugia Italy
| | - Emilia Cerulli
- Section of Clinical, Allergological and Venereological Dermatology, Department of Medicine; University of Perugia; 06156 Perugia Italy
| | - Anna Spalletti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology; University of Perugia; 06156 Perugia Italy
| | - Alessandra Mazzoli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology; University of Perugia; 06156 Perugia Italy
| | - Luigi Rigano
- R&D Department; Institute of Skin and Product Evaluation; 20125 Milano Italy
| | - Leonardo Bianchi
- Section of Clinical, Allergological and Venereological Dermatology, Department of Medicine; University of Perugia; 06156 Perugia Italy
| | - Katharina Hansel
- Section of Clinical, Allergological and Venereological Dermatology, Department of Medicine; University of Perugia; 06156 Perugia Italy
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Barbosa MO, de Carvalho RV, Demarco FF, Ogliari FA, Zanchi CH, Piva E, da Silva AF. Experimental self-etching HEMA-free adhesive systems: cytotoxicity and degree of conversion. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:5370. [PMID: 25589203 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) by methacrylate surfactant monomers on the cytotoxicity and degree of conversion of two-step self-etching dentin adhesive systems. Five HEMA-free adhesive systems were tested: Bis-EMA 10, Bis-EMA 30, PEG400, PEG400UDMA, PEG1000, and a HEMA group was used as positive control. The cytotoxicity of the experimental primers, with different monomer concentrations (2 or 20 wt%), and bond resins, containing 25 wt% surfactant, was assessed using murine fibroblast cell line 3T3 and the tetrazolium assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)). The degree of conversion of the bond resins was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The data were submitted to statistical analysis using level of significance set at P < 0.05. The PEG 1000 group obtained higher cell viability in comparison with HEMA in the 2 % primer. The cell survival rate using 20 % primer showed that PEG1000 and BIS-EMA 10 were less cytotoxic than HEMA. With regard to the eluate from bond resin, the data showed that the groups BIS-EMA 10, BIS-EMA 30 and PEG400UDMA were less cytotoxic than HEMA. No statistically significant difference was found among degrees of conversion of the experimental groups and HEMA. PEG 1000, BIS-EMA 10 and 30 monomers showed the biological potential for use in new adhesive system formulations since they showed lower cytotoxicity and similar degree of conversion when compared with the HEMA-containing group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Oliveira Barbosa
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Gonçalves Chaves 457 sala 504, Centro, Pelotas, RS, 96015560, Brazil
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