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Jung DM, Lee S, Kim EM, Choi CW, Kim KK. Mangiferin, a component of Mangifera indica leaf extracts, inhibits lipid synthesis in human sebocytes. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38952150 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2369279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition of lipid synthesis in sebocytes is essential for acne treatments. The effects of natural product-derived substances on lipid synthesis are unknown. This study investigated the effects of water extract of Mangifera indica leaves (WEML) on lipid synthesis in human sebocytes. Sebocyte differentiation in low serum conditions increased lipid accumulation and proliferator-activated receptor γ expression. WEML treatment significantly inhibited lipid accumulation and adipogenic mRNA expression in sebocytes. Mangiferin, a bioactive compound in WEML, also reduced lipid accumulation and adipogenic mRNA expression via the AKT pathway. Thus, WEML and mangiferin effectively inhibit lipid synthesis in sebocytes, showing promise for acne treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Min Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsoo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Bio and Environmental Technology, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Won Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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2
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Dayel SB, Hussein RS, Gafar HH. The role of botulinum neurotoxin BoNT-A in the management of oily skin and acne vulgaris: A comprehensive review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37208. [PMID: 38394550 PMCID: PMC11309636 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Oily skin and acne vulgaris are prevalent dermatological conditions with a significant impact on both physical and emotional well-being. Despite numerous available treatments, there is a pressing need for effective, long-term solutions. Botulinum Neurotoxin (BoNT-A) has emerged as a potential therapeutic option. However, existing reviews in this area are often limited. This review aims to comprehensively assess the use of BoNT-A in managing oily skin and acne vulgaris while addressing gaps in previous publications. It integrates the latest research, clinical trials, and case studies to provide an up-to-date analysis of BoNT-A mechanisms of action, efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes. The review systematically analyzes existing evidence, critically evaluates study strengths and limitations, and explores potential synergies with other treatments. It also examines the safety profile of BoNT-A and its potential long-term effects. This review uncovers promising insights into how BoNT-A affects oily skin and acne vulgaris, including its ability to regulate sebum production, reduce inflammation, and potentially shrink pore size. It provides a comprehensive overview of relevant studies and clinical trials, detailing their methodologies, protocols, measures, and results. Collectively, these studies show significant reductions in sebum production, increased patient satisfaction, and smaller pores following BoNT-A treatment. In conclusion, this review addresses knowledge gaps and provides a comprehensive analysis of BoNT-A as a therapeutic option for oily skin and acne vulgaris. By consolidating evidence and highlighting areas for further investigation, it guides clinicians and researchers toward more effective, personalized treatments for individuals with these dermatological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Bin Dayel
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramadan S. Hussein
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda H. Gafar
- Clinical Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Vanderwolf K, Kyle C, Davy C. A review of sebum in mammals in relation to skin diseases, skin function, and the skin microbiome. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16680. [PMID: 38144187 PMCID: PMC10740688 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases vary among and within species but the causes of this variation can be unclear. Immune responses are an important driver of disease variation, but mechanisms on how the body resists pathogen establishment before activation of immune responses are understudied. Skin surfaces of mammals are the first line of defense against abiotic stressors and pathogens, and skin attributes such as pH, microbiomes, and lipids influence disease outcomes. Sebaceous glands produce sebum composed of multiple types of lipids with species-specific compositions. Sebum affects skin barrier function by contributing to minimizing water loss, supporting thermoregulation, protecting against pathogens, and preventing UV-induced damage. Sebum also affects skin microbiome composition both via its antimicrobial properties, and by providing potential nutrient sources. Intra- and interspecific variation in sebum composition influences skin disease outcomes in humans and domestic mammal species but is not well-characterized in wildlife. We synthesized knowledge on sebum function in mammals in relation to skin diseases and the skin microbiome. We found that sebum composition was described for only 29 live, wild mammalian species. Sebum is important in dermatophilosis, various forms of dermatitis, demodicosis, and potentially white-nose syndrome. Sebum composition likely affects disease susceptibility, as lipid components can have antimicrobial functions against specific pathogens. It is unclear why sebum composition is species-specific, but both phylogeny and environmental effects may drive differences. Our review illustrates the role of mammal sebum function and influence on skin microbes in the context of skin diseases, providing a baseline for future studies to elucidate mechanisms of disease resistance beyond immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Vanderwolf
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Kyle
- Forensic Science Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
- Natural Resources DNA Profiling and Forensics Center, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina Davy
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Lin FJ, Huang YH, Tsao CH, Hsieh WC, Lo YH, Zouboulis CC, Chen HL, Liu FT. Galectin-12 Regulates Immune Responses in the Skin through Sebaceous Glands. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2120-2131.e7. [PMID: 37207806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.03.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sebaceous glands (SGs) are holocrine glands that produce sebum, which primarily contains lipids that help to maintain the barrier function of the skin. Dysregulated lipid production contributes to the progression of some diseases characterized by dry skin, including atopic dermatitis. Although the lipid production of SGs has been well-studied, few studies have assessed their role in skin immune responses. We found that SGs and sebocytes expressed IL-4 receptor and produced high levels of T helper 2-associated inflammatory mediators after IL-4 treatment, suggesting immunomodulatory effects. Galectin-12 is a lipogenic factor expressed in sebocytes that affects their differentiation and proliferation. Using galectin-12-knockdown sebocytes, we showed that galectin-12 regulated the immune response in cells exposed to IL-4 and promoted CCL26 expression by upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. Moreover, galectin-12 suppressed the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-response molecules, and CCL26 upregulation by IL-4 was reversed after sebocyte treatment with inducers of endoplasmic reticulum stress, suggesting that galectin-12 controls IL-4 signaling by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Using galectin-12-knockout mice, we showed that galectin-12 positively regulated the IL-4-induced enlargement of SGs and the development of an atopic dermatitis-like phenotype. Thus, galectin-12 regulates the skin immune response by promoting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ expression and suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress in SGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Han Tsao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, Jointly Offered by Kaohsiung Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hsin Lo
- Department of Dermatology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Hung-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
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5
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Chang J, Nock MR, Cohen JM, Bunick CG. Acne accounts for an almost 2.5-fold higher proportion of dermatology visits among adult females compared to adult males in the United States: A study of the national ambulatory medical care survey from 2002-2016. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290763. [PMID: 37733776 PMCID: PMC10513303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris affects a significant number of females into adulthood. Juvenile acne and adult acne have different presentations and potentially distinctive pathogeneses. However, patterns in treatments specifically related to the adult female population have previously not been studied. METHODS Retrospective database analysis of healthcare utilization and medications prescribed for acne using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) data from 2002-2016 was performed. RESULTS After age 20, acne accounted for an almost 2.5-fold higher proportion of dermatology visits among females compared to males (10.1% vs. 4.1%, P < 0.001). Tetracycline-class antibiotics were the most prescribed therapy within all age groups of females between 2002-2016. However, there was also a substantial rise in prescriptions of spironolactone beginning in 2012. CONCLUSION A significantly greater proportion of dermatology visits by adult females are for acne in comparison to adult males. Tetracycline-class antibiotics remain the most prescribed therapy in adult age groups despite a potentially different pathogenesis of adult acne. Therefore, there is a need for further studies comparing the effectiveness of therapies specifically for adult female acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsoo Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Nock
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Christopher G. Bunick
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Program in Translational Biomedicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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6
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HUSSEIN RS, DAYEL SB, ABAHUSSEIN O. Prospective study of the effects of isotretinoin and vitamin D levels on severe acne vulgaris. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:1732-1737. [PMID: 38813517 PMCID: PMC10760531 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Acne vulgaris (AV) is a common inflammatory skin condition associated with psychological and social distress. Its pathogenesis involves factors such as sebaceous hypersecretion and Cutibacterium acnes colonization. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory skin disorders, including AV, due to its immunomodulatory effects and involvement in keratinocyte growth and maturity. However, adequate sun exposure is required for optimal vitamin D synthesis. Isotretinoin (IOS), a vitamin A derivative, is a commonly used medication for severe acne, acting by binding to retinoid receptors. It can also form heterodimers with vitamin D receptors, potentially increasing vitamin D catabolism. Previous studies examining the impact of oral IOS on serum vitamin D levels have yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, this study aimed to assess changes in 25-hydroxy (OH) vitamin D serum levels in individuals with severe AV before and after IOS treatment. Materials and methods One hundred patients with severe AV were enrolled, each receiving 0.75 mg/kg IOS treatment daily for 4 months. Serum 25 OH vitamin D levels were measured before, during, and after treatment. Results This study found a significant increase in serum 25 OH vitamin D levels among patients with severe AV following IOS treatment (p < 0.001). Conclusion This study suggests that AV may negatively impact vitamin D synthesis, but IOS treatment appears to raise vitamin D serum levels in individuals with severe AV. Further research is needed to confirm the potential relationship between AV and vitamin D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan Sayed HUSSEIN
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Bin DAYEL
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj,
Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman ABAHUSSEIN
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj,
Saudi Arabia
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Kovács D, Camera E, Póliska S, Cavallo A, Maiellaro M, Dull K, Gruber F, Zouboulis CC, Szegedi A, Törőcsik D. Linoleic Acid Induced Changes in SZ95 Sebocytes-Comparison with Palmitic Acid and Arachidonic Acid. Nutrients 2023; 15:3315. [PMID: 37571253 PMCID: PMC10420848 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA) is an essential omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) derived from the diet. Sebocytes, whose primary role is to moisturise the skin, process free fatty acids (FFAs) to produce the lipid-rich sebum. Importantly, like other sebum components such as palmitic acid (PA), LA and its derivative arachidonic acid (AA) are known to modulate sebocyte functions. Given the different roles of PA, LA and AA in skin biology, the aim of this study was to assess the specificity of sebocytes for LA and to dissect the different roles of LA and AA in regulating sebocyte functions. Using RNA sequencing, we confirmed that gene expression changes in LA-treated sebocytes were largely distinct from those induced by PA. LA, but not AA, regulated the expression of genes related to cholesterol biosynthesis, androgen and nuclear receptor signalling, keratinisation, lipid homeostasis and differentiation. In contrast, a set of mostly down-regulated genes involved in lipid metabolism and immune functions overlapped in LA- and AA-treated sebocytes. Lipidomic analyses revealed that the changes in the lipid profile of LA-treated sebocytes were more pronounced than those of AA-treated sebocytes, suggesting that LA may serve not only as a precursor of AA but also as a potent regulator of sebaceous lipogenesis, which may not only influence the gene expression profile but also have further specific biological relevance. In conclusion, we have shown that sebocytes are able to respond selectively to different lipid stimuli and that LA-induced effects can be both AA-dependent and independent. Our findings allow for the consideration of LA application in the therapy of sebaceous gland-associated inflammatory skin diseases such as acne, where lipid modulation and selective targeting of AA metabolism are potential treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Kovács
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.K.); (K.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Emanuela Camera
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute—IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatic Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Alessia Cavallo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute—IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Miriam Maiellaro
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute—IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Katalin Dull
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.K.); (K.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Florian Gruber
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Staedtisches Klinikum Dessau, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Auenweg 38, 06847 Dessau, Germany;
| | - Andrea Szegedi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.K.); (K.D.); (A.S.)
- ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Törőcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.K.); (K.D.); (A.S.)
- ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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8
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Flori E, Mastrofrancesco A, Ottaviani M, Maiellaro M, Zouboulis CC, Camera E. Desaturation of sebaceous-type saturated fatty acids through the SCD1 and the FADS2 pathways impacts lipid neosynthesis and inflammatory response in sebocytes in culture. Exp Dermatol 2023. [PMID: 36843338 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Sebum is a lipid-rich mixture secreted by the sebaceous gland (SG) onto the skin surface. By penetrating through the epidermis, sebum may be involved in the regulation of epidermal and dermal cells in both healthy and diseased skin conditions. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (FAs), found as free FAs (FFAs) and in bound form in neutral lipids, are essential constituents of sebum and key players of the inflammatory processes occurring in the pilosebaceous unit in acne-prone skin. Little is known on the interplay among uptake of saturated FFAs, their biotransformation, and induction of proinflammatory cytokines in sebocytes. In the human SG, palmitate (C16:0) is the precursor of sapienate (C16:1n-10) formed by insertion of a double bond (DB) at the Δ6 position catalysed by the fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) enzyme. Conversely, palmitoleate (C16:1n-7) is formed by insertion of a DB at the Δ9 position catalysed by the stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) enzyme. Other FFAs processed in the SG, also undergo these main desaturation pathways. We investigated lipogenesis and release of IL-6 and IL-8 pro-inflammatory cytokines in SZ95 sebocytes in vitro after treatment with saturated FFAs, that is, C16:0, margarate (C17:0), and stearate (C18:0) with or without specific inhibitors of SCD1 and FADS2 desaturase enzymes, and a drug with mixed inhibitory effects on FADS1 and FADS2 activities. C16:0 underwent extended desaturation through both SCD1 and FADS2 catalysed pathways and displayed the strongest lipoinflammatory effects. Inhibition of desaturation pathways proved to enhance lipoinflammation induced by SFAs in SZ95 sebocytes. Palmitate (C16:0), margarate (C17:0), and stearate (C18:0) are saturated fatty acids that induce different arrays of neutral lipids (triglycerides) and dissimilar grades of inflammation in sebocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Flori
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre for Metabolomic Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre for Metabolomic Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Ottaviani
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre for Metabolomic Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Maiellaro
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre for Metabolomic Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Emanuela Camera
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre for Metabolomic Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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9
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The Critical Role of Galectin-12 in Modulating Lipid Metabolism in Sebaceous Glands. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 143:913-924.e4. [PMID: 36535362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sebaceous glands play an important role in maintaining the skin barrier function by producing lipids. Dysregulated lipid production in these glands may contribute to the pathogenesis of human skin diseases. Galectin-12, a member of the β-galactoside‒binding lectin family, is preferentially expressed in adipocytes, where it regulates adipogenesis and functions as an intrinsic negative regulator of lipolysis. It is also expressed by sebocytes and contributes to the proliferation of this cell type. In this study, we show the association between galectin-12 expression and sebocyte differentiation. Galectin-12 knockdown in a human sebocyte cell line reduced lipogenesis and decreased the production of cholesteryl esters, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and cholesterol. Metabolomic analysis of skin surface lipids showed that the levels of the lipids mentioned earlier decreased in sebaceous gland‒specific galectin-12‒knockout mice compared with that in wild-type mice. In addition, galectin-12 positively regulated peroxisome proliferator‒activated receptor-γ transcriptional activity in sebocytes stimulated with fatty acids. Downregulating galectin-12 suppressed the expression of peroxisome proliferator‒activated receptor-γ target genes-acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase 2 gene ACS2 and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 gene DGAT1-that are required for fatty acid activation and cholesterol and triglyceride biosynthesis. In conclusion, galectin-12 is a positive regulator of sebaceous lipid metabolism with a potential role in the maintenance of skin homeostasis.
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10
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Zouboulis CC, Coenye T, He L, Kabashima K, Kobayashi T, Niemann C, Nomura T, Oláh A, Picardo M, Quist SR, Sasano H, Schneider MR, Törőcsik D, Wong SY. Sebaceous immunobiology - skin homeostasis, pathophysiology, coordination of innate immunity and inflammatory response and disease associations. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1029818. [PMID: 36439142 PMCID: PMC9686445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents several aspects of the innovative concept of sebaceous immunobiology, which summarizes the numerous activities of the sebaceous gland including its classical physiological and pathophysiological tasks, namely sebum production and the development of seborrhea and acne. Sebaceous lipids, which represent 90% of the skin surface lipids in adolescents and adults, are markedly involved in the skin barrier function and perifollicular and dermal innate immune processes, leading to inflammatory skin diseases. Innovative experimental techniques using stem cell and sebocyte models have clarified the roles of distinct stem cells in sebaceous gland physiology and sebocyte function control mechanisms. The sebaceous gland represents an integral part of the pilosebaceous unit and its status is connected to hair follicle morphogenesis. Interestingly, professional inflammatory cells contribute to sebocyte differentiation and homeostasis, whereas the regulation of sebaceous gland function by immune cells is antigen-independent. Inflammation is involved in the very earliest differentiation changes of the pilosebaceous unit in acne. Sebocytes behave as potent immune regulators, integrating into the innate immune responses of the skin. Expressing inflammatory mediators, sebocytes also contribute to the polarization of cutaneous T cells towards the Th17 phenotype. In addition, the immune response of the perifollicular infiltrate depends on factors produced by the sebaceous glands, mostly sebaceous lipids. Human sebocytes in vitro express functional pattern recognition receptors, which are likely to interact with bacteria in acne pathogenesis. Sex steroids, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands, neuropeptides, endocannabinoids and a selective apoptotic process contribute to a complex regulation of sebocyte-induced immunological reaction in numerous acquired and congenital skin diseases, including hair diseases and atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Catherin Niemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC Research Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Takashi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mauro Picardo
- San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sven R. Quist
- Department of Dermatology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Marlon R. Schneider
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Törőcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen and ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sunny Y. Wong
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Zhang S, Peng Y, Fan H, Zhang Y, Min P. Microneedle delivery of botulinum toxin type A combined with hyaluronic acid for the synergetic management of multiple sternal keloids with oily skin: A retrospective clinical investigation. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:5601-5609. [PMID: 35796638 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the treatment of sternal keloids, corticosteroid therapy has side effects including abnormal sebum secretion and acne. Relapse of keloids is common after corticosteroid injection in patients with oily skin. To reduce side effects and keloid recurrence, we used a combination of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) and hyaluronic acid (HA) as synergetic management for multiple sternal keloids in patients with oily skin. METHODS In total, 58 patients with multiple sternal keloids who received monthly steroid injections were retrospectively included. Thirty-two patients in the intervention group received an additional injection of BTX-A/HA on the same day as the first injection of the steroid, while the remaining 26 patients were treated as the control group. At baseline and follow-up visits, sebum production and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were assessed as primary outcomes, and the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score, keloid recurrence, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and patient satisfaction were assessed as secondary outcomes. RESULTS In the control group, average sebum production and TEWL were increased to 132% and 104% of baseline, respectively, at the 24-week follow-up. In the intervention group, average sebum production and TEWL reached nadir at the 8-week follow-up and then increased to 96% and 91% of baseline, respectively, at the 24-week follow-up. Sternal keloid relapse was observed in 88.5% of the patients in the control group and none of the patients in the intervention group. The total VSS score at 24 weeks was 11.04 ± 0.14 and 8.93 ± 0.26 (p < 0.001) in the control group and intervention group, respectively, and the VAS score was 75 ± 5.10 and 19.14 ± 3.80 (p < 0.001) in the control group and intervention group, respectively. Higher patient satisfaction was reported in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS Microneedle delivery of BTX-A/HA decreases sebum production while improving skin barrier function. Thus, this combined therapy can relieve the side effects of corticosteroid therapy and reduce keloid recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunuo Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Fan
- Burns and Plastic Surgery Department and Plastic Surgery Cosmetology Laser Center, General Hospital of Jilin Chemical Industry Group (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University), Jilin, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiru Min
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Directly Affects Sebocytes and Modulates Oleic Acid-Induced Lipogenesis. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14100708. [PMID: 36287976 PMCID: PMC9609209 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess sebum (seborrhea) results in oily skin and is associated with large pore size and acne. Studies in healthy, seborrheic volunteers have reported that intradermal injection of commercial preparations of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) (onabotulinumtoxinA, abobotulinumtoxinA, and incobotulinumtoxinA) reduced sebum production, and thus, skin oiliness and pore size. The mechanism for these effects has not been fully elucidated; however, several theories involving direct or indirect effects of BoNT/A on neuronal and/or dermal cells (e.g., sebocytes) have been proposed. In the present study, we evaluated the direct effect of native research grade BoNT/A complex, a commercial preparation of BoNT/A (onabotA), and BoNT/A variants on sebocyte lipogenesis using an in vitro sebocyte cell model. We show that picomolar concentrations of BoNT/A (BoNT/A complex: half maximal effective concentration [EC50] = 24 pM; BoNT/A 150 kDa: EC50 = 34 pM) modulate sebocyte lipogenesis and reduce oleic acid-induced sebocyte differentiation, lipogenesis, and holocrine-like secretion. Comparative studies with the binding domain of BoNT/A, which lacks enzymatic activity, show that this effect is independent of the enzymatic activity of BoNT/A and likely occurs via sebocyte cell surface receptors (e.g., fibroblast growth factor receptors). Overall, these results shed light on the potential mechanism of action and rationale for use of BoNT/A for treatment of sebum-related conditions.
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Picardo M, Cardinali C, La Placa M, Lewartowska‐Białek A, Lora V, Micali G, Montisci R, Morbelli L, Nova A, Parodi A, Reich A, Sebastian M, Turek‐Urasińska K, Weirich O, Zdybski J, Zouboulis CC. Efficacy and safety of N-acetyl-GED-0507-34-LEVO gel in patients with moderate-to severe facial acne vulgaris: a phase IIb randomized double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 2022; 187:507-514. [PMID: 35553043 PMCID: PMC9796277 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.21663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preliminary in vitro and in vivo studies have supported the efficacy of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) modulator N-acetyl-GED-0507-34-LEVO (NAC-GED) for the treatment of acne-inducing sebocyte differentiation, improving sebum composition and controlling the inflammatory process. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of NAC-GED (5% and 2%) in patients with moderate-to-severe facial acne vulgaris. METHODS This double-blind phase II randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at 36 sites in Germany, Italy and Poland. Patients aged 12-30 years with facial acne, an Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) score of 3-4, and an inflammatory and noninflammatory lesion count of 20-100 were randomized to topical application of the study drug (2% or 5%) or placebo (vehicle), once daily for 12 weeks. The co-primary efficacy endpoints were percentage change from baseline in total lesion count (TLC) and IGA success at week 12; the safety endpoints were adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs. This study was registered with EudraCT (2018-003307-19). RESULTS Between Q1 in 2019 and Q1 in 2020 450 patients [n = 418 (92·9%) IGA 3; n = 32 (7·1%) IGA 4] were randomly assigned to NAC-GED 5% (n = 150), NAC-GED 2% (n = 150) or vehicle (n = 150). The percentage change in TLC reduction was statistically significantly higher in both the NAC-GED 5% [-57·1%, 95% confidence interval (CI) -60·8 to -53·4; P < 0·001] and NAC-GED 2% (-44·7%, 95% CI -49·1 to -40·1; P < 0·001) groups compared with vehicle (-33·9%, 95% CI -37·6 to -30·2). A higher proportion of patients treated with NAC-GED 5% experienced IGA success (45%, 95% CI 38-53) vs. the vehicle group (24%, 95% CI 18-31; P < 0·001). The IGA success rate was 33% in the NAC-GED 2% group (P = not significant vs. vehicle). The percentage of patients who had one or more AEs was 19%, 16% and 19% in the NAC-GED 5%, NAC-GED 2% and vehicle groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The topical application of NAC-GED 5% reduced TLC, increased the IGA success rate and was safe for use in patients with acne vulgaris. Thus, NAC-GED, a new PPARγ modulator, showed an effective clinical response. What is already known about this topic? Acne vulgaris, one of the most common dermatological diseases, affects more than 85% of adolescents. There is a medical need for innovative and safe treatment of acne vulgaris. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is involved in lipid metabolism and specifically in cell differentiation, sebum production and the inflammatory reaction. What does this study add? N-acetyl-GED-0507-34-LEVO (NAC-GED 5%), a PPARγ modulator, significantly improves acne manifestations in patients with moderate-to-severe acne and is safe and well tolerated. The results suggest that the PPARγ receptor is a novel therapeutic target for acne. The results provide a basis for a large phase III trial to assess the effectiveness and safety profile of NAC-GED in combating a disease that afflicts 80-90% of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Picardo
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics ResearchSan Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | | | | | | | - Viviana Lora
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics ResearchSan Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Giuseppe Micali
- P.O. Rodolico (University Hospital Vittorio Emanuele), U.O.C. DermatologyCataniaItaly
| | | | | | | | - Aurora Parodi
- University Hospital San Martino, U.O. DermatologyGenovaItaly
| | - Adam Reich
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of RzeszówRzeszówPoland
| | - Michael Sebastian
- Dermatologische Gemeinschaftspraxis ScholzSebastian, Schilling, Blankenfelde‐MahlowGermany
| | | | | | | | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, VenereologyAllergology and Immunology Dessau Medical Center Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences BrandenburgDessauGermany
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14
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Shi VY, Burney W, Shakhbazova A, Pan A, Hassoun LA, Sharma S, Sivamani RK. The Effect of Synthetic Acetylhexapeptide-8 (AH8) on Sebaceous Function. Int J Cosmet Sci 2022; 44:477-483. [PMID: 35690997 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the in vitro and clinical effects of topical acetylhexapeptide-8 (AH8) on the appearance of oily skin. METHODS In vitro SEB-1 human sebocyte cell lines were exposed to different concentrations of AH8 , then the lipid content of the sebocytes was measured. For the randomized, controlled, split-face clinical study, participants received AH8 10% lotion formulated in Cetaphil Moisturizing Facial Lotion on one side of their face and the control vehicle lotion on the other side of their face. Facial oiliness was assessed by a trained physician using a 3-point grading system, high-resolution digital photographs, and a sebumeter (SM815). Participants also filled out self-assessments of their skin oiliness. RESULTS The in vitro experiments showed that sebocyte lipid content significantly decreased after AH8 treatment (p < 0.05 at 0.00005% AH8 , p=0.09 at 0.0005% AH8 , p < 0.05 at 0.005% AH8,and p < 0.001 at 0.025% AH8). In the clinical study, participants trended towards a 10% reduction (p=0.16) in sebum production after AH8 treatment in comparison to the vehicle treatment. CONCLUSION AH8 inhibits the accumulation of lipids in sebocytes in vitro without altering cell proliferation or SREBP-1 expression. Topical AH8 trended toward decreased sebum production in human participants. The use of AH8 may serve as a promising agent to reduce sebocyte lipid production and the appearance of oily skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Y Shi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Waqas Burney
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Integrative Skin and Science Research, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Anastasia Shakhbazova
- University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA.,Integrative Skin and Science Research, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Adrianne Pan
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA.,Integrative Skin and Science Research, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Shreya Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raja K Sivamani
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA.,California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA.,Integrative Skin and Science Research, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
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15
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Ding W, Hu Y, Yu X, He C, Tian Y. Analysis on the difference of skin surface lipids during blue light therapy for acne by lipidomics. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:3434-3445. [PMID: 35781946 PMCID: PMC9208599 DOI: 10.1364/boe.452614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of the sebaceous glands of the hair follicles, caused by a variety of factors and tends to recur, causing skin damage and psychological stress to patients. Blue light (415nm) is a popular physical therapy for acne, however, studies on the effects of blue light on skin surface lipids (SSL) have not been exhaustively reported. So, we want to investigate the difference in SSL before and after acne treatment with blue light and to reveal the potential mechanism of acne treatment with blue light from the lipid level. SSL samples were collected and physiological indicators (moisture content, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum content and pH) were measured. By using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) with multivariate data analysis methods to obtain specific information on the lipid composition. Analysis of the physiological index data showed a significant increase in moisture content (p = 0.042), pH (p = 0.000) and a significant decrease in sebum content(p = 0.008) in the after treatment area (AT group), while there was no significant change in TEWL values. A total of 2398 lipids were detected by lipidomics analysis and 25 differential lipids were screened. Triradylglycerols (TGs), isoprenoids and hopanoids being the potential differential lipids. Among the lipids associated with the skin barrier, only monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (p = 0.045) were significantly increased. This study revealed significant changes in SSL after blue light treatment for acne, suggesting that blue light exposure may cause changes in the relative lipid content and redistribution of lipid components, and that whether it damages the skin barrier requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Ding
- Beijing Technology and Business University, College of chemistry and materials engineering, Key Laboratory Cosmetics China National Light Industry, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yiqiong Hu
- Beijing Technology and Business University, College of chemistry and materials engineering, Key Laboratory Cosmetics China National Light Industry, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yu
- Beijing Technology and Business University, College of chemistry and materials engineering, Key Laboratory Cosmetics China National Light Industry, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Congfen He
- Beijing Technology and Business University, College of chemistry and materials engineering, Key Laboratory Cosmetics China National Light Industry, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142, China
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16
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Kang SH, Han Y, Kim HS. The Air Toxin Technique: Introduction and Analysis of Effect using a Photo Imaging System. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:1953-1958. [PMID: 35122378 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an alternative to other approaches to facial rejuvenation, the air toxin technique (dermal injection of air with micro-doses of botulinum toxin) is a promising method. We aimed to describe this novel technique and assess the overall safety and efficacy of the air toxin technique in facial rejuvenation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed on cases treated with the air toxin technique. A total of 47 Korean patients underwent a single treatment session. Treatment efficacy was assessed objectively with serial VISIA® (Canfield Scientific, NJ, USA) skin analysis data and subjectively based on the patients' assessment scores at week 12. RESULTS A significant improvement in Wrinkle (p < 0.001), UV spot (p < 0.001), and Porphyrin (p = 0.005) were objectively seen at 12-weeks follow-up. Patients noted improvement in the categories Wrinkle (p < 0.01), Redness (p = 0.029), Texture (p < 0.001), Dilated pore (p < 0.001), and Lifting (p < 0.001) at week 12 compared to baseline. No major adverse event was reported. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that the Air toxin technique is efficacious in facial rejuvenation as shown by improved skin analysis parameters and patient assessment scores. Notably, there was some discrepancy between the objective and subjective parameters of improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yujin Han
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hei Sung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Briganti S, Truglio M, Angiolillo A, Lombardo S, Leccese D, Camera E, Picardo M, Di Costanzo A. Application of Sebum Lipidomics to Biomarkers Discovery in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120819. [PMID: 34940576 PMCID: PMC8708591 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipidomics is strategic in the discovery of biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). The skin surface lipidome bears the potential to provide biomarker candidates in the detection of pathological processes occurring in distal organs. We investigated the sebum composition to search diagnostic and, possibly, prognostic, biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). The observational study included 64 subjects: 20 characterized as “probable AD with documented decline”, 20 as “clinically established PD”, and 24 healthy subjects (HS) of comparable age. The analysis of sebum by GCMS and TLC retrieved the amounts (µg) of 41 free fatty acids (FFAs), 7 fatty alcohols (FOHs), vitamin E, cholesterol, squalene, and total triglycerides (TGs) and wax esters (WEs). Distributions of sebum lipids in NDDs and healthy conditions were investigated with multivariate ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA). The deranged sebum composition associated with the PD group showed incretion of most composing lipids compared to HS, whereas only two lipid species (vitamin E and FOH14:0) were discriminant of AD samples and presented lower levels than HS sebum. Thus, sebum lipid biosynthetic pathways are differently affected in PD and AD. The characteristic sebum bio-signatures detected support the value of sebum lipidomics in the biomarkers search in NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Briganti
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute—IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (M.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Mauro Truglio
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute—IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (M.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Antonella Angiolillo
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine of Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Science “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via De Santis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.A.); (S.L.); (D.L.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Salvatore Lombardo
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine of Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Science “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via De Santis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.A.); (S.L.); (D.L.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Deborah Leccese
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine of Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Science “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via De Santis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.A.); (S.L.); (D.L.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Emanuela Camera
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute—IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (M.T.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-5266-6241; Fax: +39-06-5266-6247
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute—IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.B.); (M.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Alfonso Di Costanzo
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine of Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Science “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Via De Santis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.A.); (S.L.); (D.L.); (A.D.C.)
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Rho NK, Gil YC. Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A in the Treatment of Facial Seborrhea and Acne: Evidence and a Proposed Mechanism. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:817. [PMID: 34822601 PMCID: PMC8626011 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intradermal injection of botulinum neurotoxin is a frequently performed procedure in aesthetic dermatology to improve facial skin tone, texture, fine wrinkles, and enlarged pores. In practice, botulinum neurotoxin type A is also used to reduce skin oiliness of the face. There is increasing evidence that acetylcholine plays specific roles in sebum production, suggesting that botulinum neurotoxin type A may reduce sebum production by interfering with cholinergic transmission between sebaceous glands and autonomic nerve terminals. Botulinum neurotoxins can also inhibit several pathogenetic components of acne development, suggesting that botulinum neurotoxins can be used as a safe and effective treatment modality for acne and other skin disorders related to overactivity of sebaceous glands. This review aims to explore the current evidence behind the treatment of facial seborrhea and acne with botulinum neurotoxin type A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nark-Kyoung Rho
- Department of Dermatology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06355, Korea;
- Leaders Aesthetic Laser & Cosmetic Surgery Center, Seoul 06014, Korea
| | - Young-Chun Gil
- Department of Anatomy, Chungbuk National University School of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Transcriptional Differences in Lipid-Metabolizing Enzymes in Murine Sebocytes Derived from Sebaceous Glands of the Skin and Preputial Glands. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111631. [PMID: 34769061 PMCID: PMC8584257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sebaceous glands are adnexal structures, which critically contribute to skin homeostasis and the establishment of a functional epidermal barrier. Sebocytes, the main cell population found within the sebaceous glands, are highly specialized lipid-producing cells. Sebaceous gland-resembling tissue structures are also found in male rodents in the form of preputial glands. Similar to sebaceous glands, they are composed of lipid-specialized sebocytes. Due to a lack of adequate organ culture models for skin sebaceous glands and the fact that preputial glands are much larger and easier to handle, previous studies used preputial glands as a model for skin sebaceous glands. Here, we compared both types of sebocytes, using a single-cell RNA sequencing approach, to unravel potential similarities and differences between the two sebocyte populations. In spite of common gene expression patterns due to general lipid-producing properties, we found significant differences in the expression levels of genes encoding enzymes involved in the biogenesis of specialized lipid classes. Specifically, genes critically involved in the mevalonate pathway, including squalene synthase, as well as the sphingolipid salvage pathway, such as ceramide synthase, (acid) sphingomyelinase or acid and alkaline ceramidases, were significantly less expressed by preputial gland sebocytes. Together, our data revealed tissue-specific sebocyte populations, indicating major developmental, functional as well as biosynthetic differences between both glands. The use of preputial glands as a surrogate model to study skin sebaceous glands is therefore limited, and major differences between both glands need to be carefully considered before planning an experiment.
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20
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Kirsten N, Mohr N, Alhumam A, Augustin M. Prevalence and Associated Diseases of Seborrheic Skin in Adults. Clin Epidemiol 2021; 13:845-851. [PMID: 34566435 PMCID: PMC8459174 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s323744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Seborrhea is a skin condition characterized by abundant production of sebum associated with typical dermatological conditions such as rosacea and acne. Little is known about the prevalence of seborrhea and the frequency of concurrent skin diseases in the general population. Objective To investigate the epidemiology and comorbidity of seborrhea in the adolescent and adult working population. Methods In large-scale examinations by dermatologists in 343 German companies, the seborrheic skin type and the occurrence of skin findings were documented electronically. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of further skin diseases were computed. Logistic regression analyses were conducted for each disease using seborrhea as dependent variable. Results A total of 48,630 employees were examined. About 6.0% showed seborrhea (6.6% in men, 5.4% in women). Seborrhea strongly predicted acne (OR 3.59; CI 3.18-4.05), trichilemmal cysts (OR 1.99; CI 1.25-3.18) and rosacea (OR 1.45; CI 1.17-1.81). Regression analyses controlling for age, gender and phototype confirmed significant associations of seborrhea with acne and rosacea. Conclusion Only a minor proportion of the working population shows meaningful seborrheic skin. However, this condition predicts distinct skin diseases and thus needs attention, in particular, with respect to consulting and secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kirsten
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Mohr
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aminah Alhumam
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Matthias Augustin
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Palawisuth S, Manuskiatti W, Apinuntham C, Wanitphakdeedecha R, Cembrano KAG. Quantitative assessment of the long-term efficacy and safety of a 1064-nm picosecond laser with fractionated microlens array in the treatment of enlarged pores in Asians: A case-control study. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 54:348-354. [PMID: 34233039 PMCID: PMC9291000 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Enlarged facial pores are one of the common skin signs of photoaging that patients seek treatment for. However, objective data and long‐term assessment on the efficacy and safety of therapeutic procedures for this condition are limited. Objective To objectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 1064‐nm picosecond laser with microlens array (MLA) for pore tightening. Methods Twenty‐five patients with enlarged pores received three treatments with a 1064‐nm picosecond laser coupled with MLA at 4‐week intervals. Patients were evaluated using objective (measurement of pore volume using three‐dimensional photography) and subjective (clinical evaluation by two blinded dermatologists) assessments at baseline and at the 1‐, 3‐, and 6‐month follow‐ups. Adverse effects were also recorded during each visit. Results After three treatments, there was a significant reduction of pore size from baseline (p < 0.001). The improvement in pore size appearance significantly continued from the 1‐month to the 6‐month follow‐up visits (p = 0.013). The total average pore size was 1.15652 ± 0.614322 and 0.8087 ± 0.50515 at baseline and at 6 months after the final treatment, respectively, resulting in an average of 30% reduction in pore size. No cases of dyspigmentation, textural alteration, or scarring were documented. Conclusion Fractional 1064‐nm picosecond laser appears to be effective and safe for reducing pore size in Asians with minimal transient side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriwan Palawisuth
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Woraphong Manuskiatti
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chalermkwan Apinuntham
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kathryn Anne G Cembrano
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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22
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Passeron T, Krutmann J, Andersen ML, Katta R, Zouboulis CC. Clinical and biological impact of the exposome on the skin. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 34 Suppl 4:4-25. [PMID: 32677068 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The skin exposome is defined as the totality of environmental exposures over the life course that can induce or modify various skin conditions. Here, we review the impact on the skin of solar exposure, air pollution, hormones, nutrition and psychological factors. Photoageing, photocarcinogenesis and pigmentary changes are well-established consequences of chronic exposure of the skin to solar radiation. Exposure to traffic-related air pollution contributes to skin ageing. Particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide cause skin pigmentation/lentigines, while ozone causes wrinkles and has an impact on atopic eczema. Human skin is a major target of hormones, and they exhibit a wide range of biological activities on the skin. Hormones decline with advancing age influencing skin ageing. Nutrition has an impact on numerous biochemical processes, including oxidation, inflammation and glycation, which may result in clinical effects, including modification of the course of skin ageing and photoageing. Stress and lack of sleep are known to contribute to a pro-inflammatory state, which, in turn, affects the integrity of extracellular matrix proteins, in particular collagen. Hormone dysregulation, malnutrition and stress may contribute to inflammatory skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne and rosacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Passeron
- Côte d'Azur University, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Centre Nice, Nice, France.,Côte d'Azur University, INSERM U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - J Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Medical faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M L Andersen
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Katta
- Volunteer Clinical Faculty, Baylor College of Medicine, McGovern Medical School at UT Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany
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23
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Shamloul G, Khachemoune A. An updated review of the sebaceous gland and its role in health and diseases Part 1: Embryology, evolution, structure, and function of sebaceous glands. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e14695. [PMID: 33354858 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sebaceous glands are sebum-secreting components of pilosebaceous units. The embryological development of the sebaceous gland follows that of the hair follicle and epidermal tissue, beginning between weeks 13 and 16 of fetal development. New sebaceous glands do not normally develop following birth, but their size increases with age. Sebocytes express a multitude of hormone receptors and are heavily regulated to secrete sebum by androgens. There is a large increase of sebum excretion at birth and again at puberty, until approximately age 17. In adulthood, sebum production remains stable and declines to zero in postmenopausal women and in men aged 60-70. Besides the production and release of sebum, sebaceous glands function to lubricate the skin and hair, provide thermoregulation, and exhibit antimicrobial activity. Research has shown sebaceous glands to possess the cellular capability to transcribe genes necessary for androgen metabolism. Dysfunction of the sebaceous gland can be seen primarily in steatocystoma simplex and multiplex, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, sebaceoma, sebaceous adenoma, sebaceous carcinoma, nevus sebaceus, and folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma. Sebaceous glands are secondarily involved in acne vulgaris, seborrheic dermatitis, and androgenic alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelan Shamloul
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amor Khachemoune
- Veterans Affairs Hospital and SUNY Downstate Dermatology Service, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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24
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De Tollenaere M, Chapuis E, Lapierre L, Bracq M, Hubert J, Lambert C, Sandré J, Auriol D, Scandolera A, Reynaud R. Overall renewal of skin lipids with Vetiver extract for a complete anti-ageing strategy. Int J Cosmet Sci 2020; 43:165-180. [PMID: 33253416 PMCID: PMC8246832 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skin lipids are essential in every compartment of the skin where they play a key role in various biological functions. Interestingly, their role is central in the maintenance of hydration which is related to skin barrier function and in the skin structure through adipose tissue. It is well described today that skin lipids are affected by ageing giving skin sagging, wrinkles and dryness. Thereby, developing cosmetic actives able to reactivate skin lipids would be an efficient ant-ageing strategy. Due to the strong commitment of our scientists to innovate responsibly and create value, they designed a high value active ingredient named here as Vetiver extract, using a ground-breaking upcycling approach. We evidenced that this unique extract was able to reactivate globally the skin lipids production, bringing skin hydration and plumping effect for mature skin. METHOD In order to demonstrate the global renewal of lipids, we evaluated the lipids synthesis on cutaneous cells that produce lipids such as keratinocytes, sebocytes and adipocytes then on Reconstructed Human Epidermis and skin explants. We evaluated the expression of proteins involved in ceramides transport and barrier cornification. We then evaluated hydration and sebaceous parameters on a panel of mature volunteers. RESULTS We firstly demonstrated that Vetiver extract induced sebum production from human sebocytes cells lines but also improved its quality as observed by the production of specific antimicrobial lipids. Secondly, we demonstrated that Vetiver extract was able to restore skin barrier with the increase of skin lipids neosynthesis on Reconstructed Human Epidermis and skin explants. We also evidenced that Vetiver extract stimulated the lipids transport and epidermal cornification. Finally, Vetiver extract showed a significant effect on adipogenesis and maturation of adipocytes at in vitro and ex vivo models. We confirmed all these activities by showing that Vetiver extract improved sebum production and brought hydration through an increase of lipids content and their conformation. Vetiver extract induced an improvement of skin fatigue and a plumping effect by acting deeply on adipose tissue. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we developed an active ingredient able to bring anti-ageing effect for mature skin by a global increase of skin lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilie Chapuis
- Givaudan France SAS, Research and Development, Argenteuil, France
| | - Laura Lapierre
- Givaudan France SAS, Research and Development, Argenteuil, France
| | - Marine Bracq
- Givaudan France SAS, Research and Development, Argenteuil, France
| | | | - Carole Lambert
- Givaudan France SAS, Research and Development, Argenteuil, France
| | - Jérome Sandré
- Chirurgien plasticien et esthétique, Polyclinique de Courlancy, Reims, France
| | - Daniel Auriol
- Givaudan France SAS, Research and Development, Argenteuil, France
| | | | - Romain Reynaud
- Givaudan France SAS, Research and Development, Argenteuil, France
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25
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Zouboulis CC. Endocrinology and immunology of acne: Two sides of the same coin. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:840-859. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology Dessau Medical Center Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg Dessau Germany
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26
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Briganti S, Flori E, Mastrofrancesco A, Ottaviani M. Acne as an altered dermato‐endocrine response problem. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:833-839. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Briganti
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Enrica Flori
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Monica Ottaviani
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
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27
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Marks DH, Prasad S, De Souza B, Burns LJ, Senna MM. Topical Antiandrogen Therapies for Androgenetic Alopecia and Acne Vulgaris. Am J Clin Dermatol 2020; 21:245-254. [PMID: 31832993 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-019-00493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and acne vulgaris are two conditions commonly seen by dermatologists. Androgens and the androgen receptors play an essential role in the manifestation of both conditions, and some systemic therapies function by interfering in this pathway. The use of topical antiandrogen therapies has gained traction in recent years due to their potential efficacy in treating AGA and acne vulgaris, as well as their reduced adverse effects compared with systemic drugs. This review discusses the role of androgens in skin physiology and pathology and assesses the potential efficacy and safety of three topical antiandrogen therapies in the treatment of AGA and acne vulgaris. A literature review utilizing the PubMed, US Clinical Trials, and SCOPUS databases was conducted to search for randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, cohort studies, case reports, and other relevant published studies on the pathogenesis and treatment of each condition with topical finasteride, ketoconazole shampoo, and cortexolone 17α-propionate (C17P). The results demonstrated that topical formulations of finasteride, ketoconazole, and C17P are promising treatments for male pattern hair loss, especially topical finasteride in combination with topical minoxidil. Limited studies have shown C17P to have potential in treating acne vulgaris in both males and females. Minimal adverse effects have been reported in clinical trials for all topical therapies, although topical finasteride is still contraindicated in pregnancy. Recognizing the preliminary evidence, more peer-reviewed studies on topical antiandrogen treatments for AGA and acne vulgaris are necessary before definitive recommendations can be made regarding efficacy and safety. There is also a critical need to include more women in study populations for these treatments.
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28
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Ottaviani M, Flori E, Mastrofrancesco A, Briganti S, Lora V, Capitanio B, Zouboulis C, Picardo M. Sebocyte differentiation as a new target for acne therapy: an
in vivo
experience. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:1803-1814. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ottaviani
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - E. Flori
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - A. Mastrofrancesco
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - S. Briganti
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - V. Lora
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
- Pediatric Dermatology San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - B. Capitanio
- Pediatric Dermatology San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - C.C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology Dessau Medical Center Brandenburg Medical School Thedore Fontane Dessau Germany
| | - M. Picardo
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
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29
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Choi K, Jin M, Zouboulis CC, Lee Y. Increased Lipid Accumulation under Hypoxia in SZ95 Human Sebocytes. Dermatology 2020; 237:131-141. [PMID: 32088721 DOI: 10.1159/000505537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive sebum is produced by specialized cells called sebocytes and is considered a cause or consequence of acne, sebaceous cysts, hyperplasia, and sebaceous adenoma. OBJECTIVE To report changes in lipid accumulation in human sebocytes under hypoxia, which occurs under conditions of seborrhea. METHODS Sebocytes from the immortalized human gland cell line SZ95 were cultured under conditions of hypoxia for 48 h; lipid formation was confirmed by Nile red and Oil Red O staining. To investigate whether HIF-1α plays a role in lipid accumulation, SZ95 cells transfected or treated with dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) were assessed by Nile red. For protein expression of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and perilipin 2 (PLIN2), Western blot analysis was performed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SZ95 sebocytes under hypoxia were revealed by RNA-Seq analyses, and the statistical significance of the correlation between hypoxic and acne/non-acne skin was evaluated using gene set enrichment analysis. RESULTS Hypoxia induces lipid accumulation in SZ95 sebocytes. In addition, the levels of SREBP-1 and PLIN2 were regulated by HIF-1α in SZ95 sebocytes under hypoxia. RNA-Seq analyses of DEGs in SZ95 sebocytes under hypoxia revealed 256 DEGs, including several lipid droplet-associated genes. DEGs between acne and non-acne skin are significantly enriched in hypoxia gene sets. We also detected 93 differentially expressed inflammatory mediators. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to show that a hypoxic microenvironment can increase lipogenesis and provides a link between seborrhea and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- KeunOh Choi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirim Jin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, GAHIST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - YoungJoo Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
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30
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Sayed KS, Hegazy R, Gawdat HI, Abdel Hay RM, Ahmed MM, Mohammed FN, Allam R, Fahim A. The efficacy of intradermal injections of botulinum toxin in the management of enlarged facial pores and seborrhea: a split face-controlled study. J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 32:771-777. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1708241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khadiga S. Sayed
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab Hegazy
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba I. Gawdat
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M. Abdel Hay
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M. Ahmed
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Riham Allam
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aya Fahim
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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31
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Matsue M, Mori Y, Nagase S, Sugiyama Y, Hirano R, Ogai K, Ogura K, Kurihara S, Okamoto S. Measuring the Antimicrobial Activity of Lauric Acid against Various Bacteria in Human Gut Microbiota Using a New Method. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1528-1541. [PMID: 31665909 PMCID: PMC6923562 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719881366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lauric acid (LA) has a broad spectrum of anti-microbiological activities against enveloped viruses and various bacteria, and might be useful to protect against microbial infection and control the balance and distribution of bacteria in human gut microbiota. It is not necessarily more difficult to measure antimicrobial activity the traditional way, but it is, however, more laborious. In the present study, we developed a new method to measure the antimicrobial activity of LA in multiple samples with a microplate reader. A "test complex" (TC) was produced consisting of 100 μL of agar medium with LA in the bottom layer and 300 μL of broth in the top layer in 96-well deep-well microplates. Afterward, analysis of the broth in the top layer showed that the antimicrobial activity was the same as that of the "control complex," (CC) which consisted of 100 μL of agar medium in the bottom layer and 300 μL of broth with LA in the top layer. Furthermore, evaluation of the antimicrobial effect of the TC when using a microplate reader was the same as that with the use of the colony counting method. The colony counting method has confirmed that the antimicrobial activity of LA when bacteria are inoculated into the broth was equivalent between CC and TC, and we validated this by correlating the number of bacteria with absorbance. In addition, the broth itself in TC was transparent enough that the turbidity of broth can be used as an index of the number of bacteria, which enabled the use of a microplate reader for multiple samples. For human gut microbes, LA was shown to have low antimicrobial activity against commensal lactic acid bacteria, but high antimicrobial activity against pathogenic Bacteroides and Clostridium, suggesting that LA might modulate intestinal health, as confirmed by the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Matsue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yumiko Mori
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagase
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuta Sugiyama
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Rika Hirano
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogai
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogura
- Advanced Health Care Science Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shin Kurihara
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Okamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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32
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Markovics A, Tóth KF, Sós KE, Magi J, Gyöngyösi A, Benyó Z, Zouboulis CC, Bíró T, Oláh A. Nicotinic acid suppresses sebaceous lipogenesis of human sebocytes via activating hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA 2 ). J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6203-6214. [PMID: 31273921 PMCID: PMC6714165 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acid (NA) activates hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2), and it is widely used in treating dyslipidaemias. Since its side effects include skin dryness, whereas its deficiency can be accompanied by dyssebacia, characterized by sebaceous gland enlargement, we asked if HCA2 is expressed on human sebocytes, and if NA influences sebocyte functions. By using human immortalized SZ95 sebocytes, we found that non‐cytotoxic (≤100 μmol/L; MTT‐assay) concentrations of NA had no effect on the homeostatic sebaceous lipogenesis (SLG; Nile Red), but normalized excessive, acne‐mimicking SLG induced by several lipogenic agents (arachidonic acid, anandamide, linoleic acid + testosterone; Nile Red; 48‐hr treatments). Moreover, it exerted significant anti‐proliferative actions (CyQUANT‐assay), and increased [Ca2+]IC (Fluo‐4 AM‐based Ca2+‐measurement). Although NA did not prevent the lipopolysaccharide‐induced pro‐inflammatory response (up‐regulation [Q‐PCR] and release [ELISA] of several pro‐inflammatory cytokines) of the sebocytes, collectively, these data support the concept that NA may be effective in suppressing sebum production in vivo. While exploring the mechanism of the sebostatic actions, we found that sebocytes express HCA2 (Q‐PCR, immunofluorescent labelling), siRNA‐mediated silencing of which prevented the NA‐induced Ca2+‐signal and the lipostatic action. Collectively, our data introduce NA, and HCA2 activators in general, as novel, potent and most likely safe sebostatic agents, with possible anti‐acne potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Markovics
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kinga Fanni Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin Eszter Sós
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Laboratory of Cerebral Cortex Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Magi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Gyöngyösi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - Tamás Bíró
- DE-MTA "Lendület" Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,HCEMM Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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33
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Tóth KF, Ádám D, Bíró T, Oláh A. Cannabinoid Signaling in the Skin: Therapeutic Potential of the "C(ut)annabinoid" System. Molecules 2019; 24:E918. [PMID: 30845666 PMCID: PMC6429381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has lately been proven to be an important, multifaceted homeostatic regulator, which influences a wide-variety of physiological processes all over the body. Its members, the endocannabinoids (eCBs; e.g., anandamide), the eCB-responsive receptors (e.g., CB₁, CB₂), as well as the complex enzyme and transporter apparatus involved in the metabolism of the ligands were shown to be expressed in several tissues, including the skin. Although the best studied functions over the ECS are related to the central nervous system and to immune processes, experimental efforts over the last two decades have unambiguously confirmed that cutaneous cannabinoid ("c[ut]annabinoid") signaling is deeply involved in the maintenance of skin homeostasis, barrier formation and regeneration, and its dysregulation was implicated to contribute to several highly prevalent diseases and disorders, e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, scleroderma, acne, hair growth and pigmentation disorders, keratin diseases, various tumors, and itch. The current review aims to give an overview of the available skin-relevant endo- and phytocannabinoid literature with a special emphasis on the putative translational potential, and to highlight promising future research directions as well as existing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Fanni Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Dorottya Ádám
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
- HCEMM Nonprofit Ltd., 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Shuo L, Ting Y, KeLun W, Rui Z, Rui Z, Hang W. Efficacy and possible mechanisms of botulinum toxin treatment of oily skin. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 18:451-457. [PMID: 30697928 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oily skin is one of the most common dermatological complaints. Oily skin may be accompanied by enlarged pores, acne, and seborrheic dermatitis. Moreover, oily skin has negative effects on self-perception. Most therapeutic approaches used to treat oily skin have had varying degrees of efficacy and include topical treatments, such as photodynamic therapy and lasers. However, certain of these therapies for oily skin may lead to severe side effects. With the expanding use and high safety profile of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A), its use in the treatment of oily skin has caused significant concerns; moreover, relevant reports have gradually accumulated to address the efficacy of BoNT-A and explore its mechanisms of action. AIMS The objective of this article was to review the efficacy and possible treatment mechanisms of BoNT-A on oily skin. METHODS A retrospective review of the published data was conducted. RESULTS Most studies have suggested that the intradermal injection of BoNT-A decreased sebum production and pore size. Furthermore, this treatment attained high patient satisfaction without significant side effects. BoNT-A effectively decreased sebum production and excretion, which was in keeping with previous studies, possibly via its blockade of cholinergic signaling and its neuromodulatory effects. CONCLUSIONS Intradermal BoNT-A injection may represent a promising new treatment for oily skin and other relevant dermatological problems, such as enlarged pores, acne, and seborrheic dermatitis. Further study is still needed to determine the specific mechanisms of BoNT-A and the optimal injection techniques and doses for oily skin and other relevant cosmetic concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Shuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Ting
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wu KeLun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Rossiter H, Stübiger G, Gröger M, König U, Gruber F, Sukseree S, Mlitz V, Buchberger M, Oskolkova O, Bochkov V, Eckhart L, Tschachler E. Inactivation of autophagy leads to changes in sebaceous gland morphology and function. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:1142-1151. [PMID: 30033522 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have reported recently that inactivation of the essential autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7) in keratinocytes has little or no impact on morphology and function of the epidermal barrier in experimental animals. When these mice aged, mutant males, (Atg7 ΔKC), developed an oily coat. As the keratin 14 promoter driven cre/LoxP system inactivates floxed Atg7 in all keratin 14 (K14) expressing cells, including sebocytes, we investigated whether the oily hair phenotype was the consequence of changes in function of the skin sebaceous glands. Using an antibody to the GFP-LC3 fusion protein, autophagosomes were detected at the border of sebocyte disintegration in control but not in mutant animals, suggesting that autophagy was (a) active in normal sebaceous glands and (b) was inactivated in the mutant mice. Detailed analysis established that dorsal sebaceous glands were about twice as large in all Atg7 ΔKC mice compared to those of controls (Atg7 F/F), and their rate of sebocyte proliferation was increased. In addition, male mutant mice yielded twice as much lipid per unit hair as age-matched controls. Analysis of sebum lipids by thin layer chromatography revealed a 40% reduction in the proportion of free fatty acids (FFA) and cholesterol, and a 5-fold increase in the proportion of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). In addition, the most common diester wax species (58-60 carbon atoms) were increased, while shorter species (54-55 carbon atoms) were under-represented in mutant sebum. Our data show that autophagy contributes to sebaceous gland function and to the control of sebum composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidemarie Rossiter
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiolgy of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Stübiger
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marion Gröger
- Core Facility Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich König
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiolgy of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Gruber
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiolgy of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Supawadee Sukseree
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiolgy of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Mlitz
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiolgy of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Buchberger
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiolgy of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olga Oskolkova
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Valery Bochkov
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Eckhart
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiolgy of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiolgy of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Agrawal K, Hassoun LA, Foolad N, Borkowski K, Pedersen TL, Sivamani RK, Newman JW. Effects of atopic dermatitis and gender on sebum lipid mediator and fatty acid profiles. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 134:7-16. [PMID: 29886894 PMCID: PMC6800162 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Skin disease alters cutaneous lipid mediator metabolism, and if skin secretions contain evidence of these changes, they may constitute useful clinical matrices with low associated subject burden. The influences of skin diseases on sebum lipid mediators are understudied. Here, sebum oxylipins, endocannabinoids, sphingolipids, and fatty acids were quantified from the non-lesional bilateral cheeks of subjects with and without quiescent atopic dermatitis (AD) using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS. AD decreased C36 [NS] and [NdS] ceramide concentrations. Compared to males, females demonstrated increased concentrations of oxylipin alcohols and ketones, and saturated and monounsaturated non-esterified fatty acids, as well as decreased concentrations of C42 [NS] and [NdS] ceramides. Additionally, contemporaneously collected sweat lipid mediator profiles were distinct, with sebum showing higher concentrations of most targets, but fewer highly polar lipids. Therefore, AD and gender appear to alter sebum lipid metabolism even in non-lesional skin of quiescent subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Agrawal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California-Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lauren A Hassoun
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
| | - Negar Foolad
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California-Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Raja K Sivamani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA.
| | - John W Newman
- Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California-Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Langan EA, Hinde E, Paus R. Prolactin as a candidate sebotrop(h)ic hormone? Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:729-736. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewan A. Langan
- Department of Dermatology; University of Luebeck; Luebeck Germany
- Dermatology Research Centre; NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Eleanor Hinde
- Dermatology Research Centre; NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dermatology Research Centre; NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
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Thitaram C, Matchimakul P, Pongkan W, Tangphokhanon W, Maktrirat R, Khonmee J, Sathanawongs A, Kongtueng P, Nganvongpanit K. Histology of 24 organs from Asian elephant calves ( Elephas maximus). PeerJ 2018; 6:e4947. [PMID: 29915694 PMCID: PMC6004303 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elephants are the largest and heaviest living terrestrial animals, but information on their histology is still lacking. This study provides a unique insight into the elephant's organs and also provides a comparison between juvenile Asian elephants and adult Asian elephants or other species. Here we report on the histological structure of 24 organs, including the skin, brain (cerebrum, cerebellar hemisphere, vermis, thalamus, midbrain), spinal cord, sciatic nerve, striated skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, bone (flat bone and long bone), cartilage (hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage), heart (right atrium, right ventricle), blood vessels (aorta, pulmonary artery and caudal vena cava), trunk, trachea, lung, tongue, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), large intestine (cecum, colon, rectum), liver and pancreas, kidney, ovary, uterus (body and horn) and spleen of two juvenile Asian elephants. Methods Tissue sections were stained with Harris's hematoxylin and eosin Y. Results While almost all structures were similar to those of other species or adult elephants, some structures were different from other mammalian species, such as: plexiform bone was found in flat bone only; a thin trachealismuscle was observed in the trachea; and no serous or mucinous glands were found in the submucosa of the trachea. Discussion Histological information from various organs can serve as an important foundation of basal data for future microanatomical studies, and help in the diagnosis and pathogenesis in sick elephants or those with an unknown cause of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchote Thitaram
- Center of Excellence in Elephant and Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pitchaya Matchimakul
- Center of Excellence in Veterinary Biosciences, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wanpitak Pongkan
- Center of Excellence in Veterinary Biosciences, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wasan Tangphokhanon
- Center of Excellence in Veterinary Biosciences, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Raktham Maktrirat
- Center of Excellence in Veterinary Biosciences, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jaruwan Khonmee
- Center of Excellence in Veterinary Biosciences, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anucha Sathanawongs
- Center of Excellence in Veterinary Biosciences, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Piyamat Kongtueng
- Central Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Korakot Nganvongpanit
- Center of Excellence in Veterinary Biosciences, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Schneider MR, Zouboulis CC. Primary sebocytes and sebaceous gland cell lines for studying sebaceous lipogenesis and sebaceous gland diseases. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:484-488. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marlon R. Schneider
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR); German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R); Berlin Germany
| | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology; Dessau Medical Center; Brandenburg Medical School Theodore Fontane; Dessau Germany
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40
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Differentiation Model Establishment and Differentiation-Related Protein Screening in Primary Cultured Human Sebocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7174561. [PMID: 29850553 PMCID: PMC5907408 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7174561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sebocyte differentiation is a continuous process, but its potential molecular mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to establish a novel sebocyte differentiation model using human primary sebocytes and to identify the expression profiles of differentiation-associated proteins. Primary human sebocytes were cultured on Sebomed medium supplemented with 2% serum for 7 days. Flow cytometry showed that S phase cells were decreased time-dependently, while G1 and subG1 (apoptosis) phase cells increased under serum starvation. Transmission electron microscopy and Oil Red O staining revealed a gradual increase of intracellular lipid accumulation. Expression of proliferation marker was diminished, while expression of differentiation, apoptosis, and lipogenic markers elevated gradually during 7-day culture. iTRAQ analysis identified 3582 expressed proteins in this differentiation model. Compared with day 0, number of differentially expressed proteins was 132, 54, 321, and 96 at days 1, 3, 5, and 7, respectively. Two overexpressed proteins (S100 calcium binding protein P and ferredoxin reductase) and 2 downexpressed proteins (adenosine deaminase and keratin 10) were further confirmed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.
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41
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Zákány N, Oláh A, Markovics A, Takács E, Aranyász A, Nicolussi S, Piscitelli F, Allarà M, Pór Á, Kovács I, Zouboulis CC, Gertsch J, Di Marzo V, Bíró T, Szabó T. Endocannabinoid Tone Regulates Human Sebocyte Biology. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1699-1706. [PMID: 29501385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that endocannabinoids (eCBs) (e.g., anandamide) are involved in the maintenance of homeostatic sebaceous lipid production in human sebaceous glands and that eCB treatment dramatically increases sebaceous lipid production. Here, we aimed to investigate the expression of the major eCB synthesizing and degrading enzymes and to study the effects of eCB uptake inhibitors on human SZ95 sebocytes, thus exploring the role of the putative eCB membrane transporter, which has been hypothesized to facilitate the cellular uptake and subsequent degradation of eCBs. We found that the major eCB synthesizing (N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D, and diacylglycerol lipase-α and -β) and degrading (fatty acid amide hydrolase, monoacylglycerol lipase) enzymes are expressed in SZ95 sebocytes and also in sebaceous glands (except for diacylglycerol lipase-α, the staining of which was dubious in histological preparations). eCB uptake-inhibition with VDM11 induced a moderate increase in sebaceous lipid production and also elevated the levels of various eCBs and related acylethanolamides. Finally, we found that VDM11 was able to interfere with the proinflammatory action of the TLR4 activator lipopolysaccharide. Collectively, our data suggest that inhibition of eCB uptake exerts anti-inflammatory actions and elevates both sebaceous lipid production and eCB levels; thus, these inhibitors might be beneficial in cutaneous inflammatory conditions accompanied by dry skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Zákány
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Arnold Markovics
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Erika Takács
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Aranyász
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Simon Nicolussi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Centre of Competence in Research TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Marco Allarà
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Ágnes Pór
- Department of Pathology, Gyula Kenézy University Hospital, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovács
- Department of Pathology, Gyula Kenézy University Hospital, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodore Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Centre of Competence in Research TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Tamás Bíró
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Szabó
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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El‐Hamd MA, El Taieb MA, Ibrahim HM, Aly SS. Vitamin D levels in acne vulgaris patients treated with oral isotretinoin. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018; 18:16-20. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abu El‐Hamd
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Faculty of Medicine Sohag University Sohag Egypt
| | - Moustafa A El Taieb
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Faculty of Medicine Aswan University Aswan Egypt
| | - Hassan M Ibrahim
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Faculty of Medicine South Valley University Qina Egypt
| | - Sanaa S Aly
- Department of Clinical Pathology Faculty of Medicine South Valley University Qina Egypt
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Lovászi M, Mattii M, Eyerich K, Gácsi A, Csányi E, Kovács D, Rühl R, Szegedi A, Kemény L, Ståhle M, Zouboulis CC, Eyerich S, Törőcsik D. Sebum lipids influence macrophage polarization and activation. Br J Dermatol 2017. [PMID: 28646583 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As lipids are known to regulate macrophage functions, it is reasonable to suppose that a sebocyte-macrophage axis mediated by sebum lipids may exist. OBJECTIVES To investigate if sebocytes could contribute to the differentiation, polarization and function of macrophages with their secreted lipids. METHODS Oil Red O lipid staining and Raman spectroscopy were used to assess the dermal lipid content and penetration. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyse the macrophage subsets. Human peripheral blood monocytes were differentiated in the presence of either supernatant from human SZ95 sebocytes or major sebum lipid components and activated with Propionibacterium acnes. Macrophage surface markers and their capacity to uptake fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated P. acnes were detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting measurements. Cytokine protein levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Sebaceous gland-rich skin had an increased dermal lipid content vs. sebaceous gland-poor skin to which all the tested sebum component lipids could contribute by penetrating the dermoepidermal barrier. Of the lipids, oleic acid and linoleic acid promoted monocyte differentiation into alternatively activated macrophages. Moreover, linoleic acid also had an anti-inflammatory effect in P. acnes-activated macrophages, inhibiting the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Squalene, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid augmented the secretion of IL-1β, even in the absence of P. acnes, whereas oleic acid had a selective effect of inducing IL-1β but downregulating IL-6 and TNF-α secretion. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a role for sebaceous glands in modulating innate immune responses via their secreted lipids that are of possible pathological and therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lovászi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - M Mattii
- ZAUM - Centre for Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität and Helmholtz Centre Munich, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - K Eyerich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A Gácsi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - E Csányi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - D Kovács
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - R Rühl
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - A Szegedi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Division of Dermatological Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - L Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - M Ståhle
- Unit of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Centre, Brandenburg Medical School Theodore Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - S Eyerich
- ZAUM - Centre for Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität and Helmholtz Centre Munich, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - D Törőcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Unit of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lovászi M, Szegedi A, Zouboulis CC, Törőcsik D. Sebaceous-immunobiology is orchestrated by sebum lipids. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2017; 9:e1375636. [PMID: 29484100 PMCID: PMC5821166 DOI: 10.1080/19381980.2017.1375636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The major role of sebaceous glands in mammals is to produce sebum, which coats the epidermis and the hair providing waterproofing, thermoregulation and photoprotection. However, as the need for these functions decreased along the evolutionary changes in humans, a relevant question has been raised: are sebaceous glands and sebum the remnants of our mammalian heritage or do they have overtaken a far more complex role in human skin biology? Trying to provide answers to this question, this review introduces the evolving field of sebaceous immunobiology and puts into the focus the pathways that sebum lipids use to influence the immune milieu of the skin. By introducing possible modifiers of sebaceous lipogenesis and discussing the – human-specific – alterations in composition and amount of sebum, the attribute of sebum as a sensitive tool, which is capable of translating multiple signalling pathways into the dermal micro environment is presented. Further their interaction with macrophages and keratinocytes involves sebum lipid fractions into disease pathogenesis, which could lead – on the other side – to the development of novel sebum-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Lovászi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szegedi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Division of Dermatological Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodore Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - Dániel Törőcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Gollnick H, Abanmi A, Al-Enezi M, Al Hammadi A, Galadari I, Kibbi AG, Zimmo S. Managing acne in the Middle East: consensus recommendations. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31 Suppl 7:4-35. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Gollnick
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie; Otto-von-Guericke Universität; Magdeburg Germany
| | - A.A. Abanmi
- Dr Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - I. Galadari
- Faculty of Medicine; United Arab Emirates University; Dubai UAE
| | - A.-G. Kibbi
- American University of Beirut Medical Center; Beirut Lebanon
| | - S. Zimmo
- King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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Eltony SA, Ali SS. Histological study on the effect of nicotine on adult male guinea pig thin skin. Anat Cell Biol 2017; 50:187-199. [PMID: 29043097 PMCID: PMC5639173 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2017.50.3.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking has been identified as an important factor in premature skin aging to detect the histological changes occurred in adult male guinea pig thin skin under the influence of low and high doses of nicotine; which constitutes approximately 0.6%–3.0% of the dry weight of tobacco. Fifteen adult male pigmented guinea pigs were equally divided into three groups: group I, control; group IIA, low dose nicotine treated; 3 mg/kg subcutaneously for 4 weeks; and group IIB, high dose nicotine treated; 6 mg/kg subcutaneously for 4 weeks. Specimens from the back thin skin were processed for light and electron microscopy. Nicotine administration revealed flattened dermo-epidermal junction and reduced rete ridges formation. Collagen bundles were disorganized with increased spaces between them. A reduction in the amount of elastic fibers in the dermis were also observed compared to group I. Ultrastructurally, keratinocytes had hyperchromatic nuclei, intracytoplasmic vacuoles, disruption of desmosomal junctions, irregular tonofilaments distribution, and increased inter-cellular spaces. These changes were more pronounced with high dose nicotine administration. The epidermal thickness was reduced in low dose nicotine administration. But, high dose nicotine administration revealed increased epidermal thickness compared to the control group. Nicotine induced structural changes of adult male guinea pig thin skin. These changes were more pronounced with high dose nicotine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohair A Eltony
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Safaa S Ali
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Majewski S, Pietrzak A, Tworek D, Szewczyk K, Kumor-Kisielewska A, Kurmanowska Z, Górski P, Zalewska-Janowska A, Piotrowski WJ. Skin condition and its relationship to systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:2407-2415. [PMID: 28860735 PMCID: PMC5565242 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s141805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The systemic (extrapulmonary) effects and comorbidities of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) contribute substantially to its burden. The supposed link between COPD and its systemic effects on distal organs could be due to the low-grade systemic inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the systemic inflammation may influence the skin condition in COPD patients. Materials and methods Forty patients with confirmed diagnosis of COPD and a control group consisting of 30 healthy smokers and 20 healthy never-smokers were studied. Transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum hydration, skin sebum content, melanin index, erythema index, and skin temperature were measured with worldwide-acknowledged biophysical measuring methods at the volar forearm of all participants using a multifunctional skin physiology monitor. Biomarkers of systemic inflammation, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), were measured in serum using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results There were significant differences between COPD patients and healthy never-smokers in skin temperature, melanin index, sebum content, and hydration level (P<0.05), but not for transepidermal water loss and erythema index. No significant difference was noted between COPD patients and smokers in any of the biophysical properties of the skin measured. The mean levels of hsCRP and IL-6 in serum were significantly higher in COPD patients and healthy smokers in comparison with healthy never-smokers. There were significant correlations between skin temperature and serum hsCRP (R=0.40; P=0.02) as well as skin temperature and serum IL-6 (R=0.49; P=0.005) in smokers. Stratum corneum hydration correlated significantly with serum TNF-α (R=0.37; P=0.01) in COPD patients. Conclusion Differences noted in several skin biophysical properties and biomarkers of systemic inflammation between COPD patients, smokers, and healthy never-smokers may suggest a possible link between smoking-driven, low-grade systemic inflammation, and the overall skin condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Majewski
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Healthy Ageing Research Centre (HARC), Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Pietrzak
- Department of Psychodermatology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Damian Tworek
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Szewczyk
- Department of Molecular Bases of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Zofia Kurmanowska
- Department of Molecular Bases of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Górski
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Healthy Ageing Research Centre (HARC), Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Jerzy Piotrowski
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Healthy Ageing Research Centre (HARC), Lodz, Poland
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Sullivan DA, Rocha EM, Aragona P, Clayton JA, Ding J, Golebiowski B, Hampel U, McDermott AM, Schaumberg DA, Srinivasan S, Versura P, Willcox MDP. TFOS DEWS II Sex, Gender, and Hormones Report. Ocul Surf 2017; 15:284-333. [PMID: 28736336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the most compelling features of dry eye disease (DED) is that it occurs more frequently in women than men. In fact, the female sex is a significant risk factor for the development of DED. This sex-related difference in DED prevalence is attributed in large part to the effects of sex steroids (e.g. androgens, estrogens), hypothalamic-pituitary hormones, glucocorticoids, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 and thyroid hormones, as well as to the sex chromosome complement, sex-specific autosomal factors and epigenetics (e.g. microRNAs). In addition to sex, gender also appears to be a risk factor for DED. "Gender" and "sex" are words that are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings. "Gender" refers to a person's self-representation as a man or woman, whereas "sex" distinguishes males and females based on their biological characteristics. Both gender and sex affect DED risk, presentation of the disease, immune responses, pain, care-seeking behaviors, service utilization, and myriad other facets of eye health. Overall, sex, gender and hormones play a major role in the regulation of ocular surface and adnexal tissues, and in the difference in DED prevalence between women and men. The purpose of this Subcommittee report is to review and critique the nature of this role, as well as to recommend areas for future research to advance our understanding of the interrelationships between sex, gender, hormones and DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Sullivan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Eduardo M Rocha
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pasquale Aragona
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ocular Surface Diseases Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Sicily, Italy
| | - Janine A Clayton
- National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan Ding
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Blanka Golebiowski
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ulrike Hampel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alison M McDermott
- The Ocular Surface Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Debra A Schaumberg
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sruthi Srinivasan
- Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Piera Versura
- Department of Specialized, Experimental, and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Skin-specific regulation of SREBP processing and lipid biosynthesis by glycerol kinase 5. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E5197-E5206. [PMID: 28607088 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705312114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The recessive N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced phenotype toku is characterized by delayed hair growth, progressive hair loss, and excessive accumulation of dermal cholesterol, triglycerides, and ceramides. The toku phenotype was attributed to a null allele of Gk5, encoding glycerol kinase 5 (GK5), a skin-specific kinase expressed predominantly in sebaceous glands. GK5 formed a complex with the sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) through their C-terminal regulatory domains, inhibiting SREBP processing and activation. In Gk5toku/toku mice, transcriptionally active SREBPs accumulated in the skin, but not in the liver; they were localized to the nucleus and led to elevated lipid synthesis and subsequent hair growth defects. Similar defective hair growth was observed in kinase-inactive GK5 mutant mice. Hair growth defects of homozygous toku mice were partially rescued by treatment with the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin. GK5 exists as part of a skin-specific regulatory mechanism for cholesterol biosynthesis, independent of cholesterol regulation elsewhere in the body.
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