1
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Wang D, Maliakkal J, Sadat O, Codrea V, Nguyen J. Acellular Fish Skin Grafts for Treatment of Periocular Skin Defects. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2024:00002341-990000000-00418. [PMID: 38819161 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the outcomes of acellular fish skin grafts for repair of periocular anterior lamella skin defects after Mohs surgery for skin cancers. METHODS Following the institutional review board approval, we conducted a retrospective chart review of patients treated with acellular fish skin grafts between January 2022 and December 2023. Indication was to repair defects after Mohs excision of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Demographics, smoking and diabetes status, diagnosis, defect location, graft size, and complications were evaluated. Outcomes were analyzed using the scar cosmesis assessment and rating scale. RESULTS Six patients (3 females and 3 males) with a mean age of 60.8 (range 44-80) had Mohs surgery for basal cell carcinoma (4) and squamous cell carcinoma (2). Location of defects included eyebrow (3 cases), lateral nasal wall (1 case), lower eyelid (1 case), and medial lower eyelid/nasal wall (1 case). Defect size ranged from 8 × 10 mm to 30 × 40 mm. Two patients had more than 1 application of xenograft. One patient developed a mild cicatricial ectropion. No other postoperative complications were seen, and all had good wound healing and cosmetically acceptable results. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, acellular fish skin xenografts are shown to be promising skin graft substitutes in patients with Mohs defects and decrease the need for autologous skin harvesting or allogenic skin donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Janice Maliakkal
- Department of Ophthalmology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Omar Sadat
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Vlad Codrea
- Department of Dermatology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - John Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, U.S.A
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2
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Chen C, Tao W, Jiang D, Yang Y, Liang T, Gu Q, Xu Y, Zhao J, Zhou X, Fan X. Enzymatic functionalization of decellularized tilapia skin scaffolds with enhanced skin regeneration. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3508-3519. [PMID: 38595302 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01742g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The decellularized tilapia skin (dTS) has gained significant attention as a promising material for tissue regeneration due to its ability to provide unique structural and functional components that support cell growth, adhesion, and proliferation. However, the clinical application of dTS is limited by its low mechanical strength and rapid biodegradability. Herein, we prepare a novel RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) functionalized dTS scaffold (dTS/RGD) by using transglutaminase (TGase) crosslinking. The developed dTS/RGD scaffold possesses excellent properties, including a medium porosity of ∼59.2%, a suitable degradation rate of approximately 80% over a period of two weeks, and appropriate mechanical strength with a maximum tensile stress of ∼46.36 MPa which is much higher than that of dTS (∼32.23 MPa). These properties make the dTS/RGD scaffold ideal for promoting cell adhesion and proliferation, thereby accelerating skin wound healing in a full-thickness skin defect model. Such an enzymatic cross-linking strategy provides a favorable microenvironment for wound healing and holds great potential for application in skin regeneration engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Wenwen Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Di Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, 216 Changjiang Road, Yantai Economic Development Zone, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Tiantian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Qilong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Yuran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Junjuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Xing Zhou
- Qingdao West Coast New Area Marine Development Bureau, Qingdao 266400, China
| | - Xinglong Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, China
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3
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Peng M, Félix RC, Canário AVM, Power DM. The physiological effect of polystyrene nanoplastic particles on fish and human fibroblasts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169979. [PMID: 38215851 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have identified the detrimental effects for the biosphere of large plastic debris, the effect of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) is less clear. The skin is the first point of contact with NPs, and skin fibroblasts have a vital role in maintaining skin structure and function. Here, a comparative approach is taken using three fibroblast cell lines from the zebrafish (SJD.1), human male newborn (BJ-5ta) and female adult (HDF/TERT164) and their response to polystyrene NP (PS-NPs) exposure is characterized. Cells were exposed to environmentally relevant PS-NP sizes (50, 500 and 1000 nm) and concentrations (0.001 to 10 μg/ml) and their uptake (1000 nm), and effect on cell viability, proliferation, migration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (AP) determined. All fibroblasts took up PS-NPs, and a relationship between PS-NP particle size and concentration and the inhibition of proliferation and cell migration was identified. The inhibitory effect of PS-NPs on proliferation was more pronounced for human skin fibroblasts. The presence of PS-NPs negatively affected fibroblast migration in a time-, size- and concentration-dependent manner with larger PS-NPs at higher concentrations causing a more significant inhibition of cell migration, with human fibroblasts being the most affected. No major changes were detected in ROS production or apoptosis in NP challenged fibroblasts. While the ALP activity was increased in all fibroblast cell lines, only fish fibroblasts showed a significant increase in AP activity. The heterogeneous response of fibroblasts induced by PS-NPs was clearly revealed by the segregation of HDF, BJ.5ta and SJD.1 fibroblasts in principal component analysis. Our results demonstrate that PS-NP exposure adversely affected cellular processes in a cell-type and dose-specific manner in distinct fibroblast cell lines, emphasizing the need for further exploration of NP interactions with different cell types to better understand potential implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxiao Peng
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Rute C Félix
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Adelino V M Canário
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; International Institution of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deborah M Power
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; International Institution of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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4
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El-Mansi AA, Rady AM, Ibrahim EH, ElBealy E. Cellular patterning and cyto-architectural organization of the skin of electric catfish (Malapterurus electricus, Siluriformes) with a particular emphasis on its ampullary electroreceptor. ZOOLOGY 2024; 163:126159. [PMID: 38471427 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2024.126159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The functional morphology of the skin of Malapteruridae is presumably evolved to cope with a diversified range of ambient physiological, environmental, and behavioral conditions. Herein, we firstly characterized the microstructures and intriguing patterning of the skin of twelve adult electric catfish (Malapterurus electricus, Malapteruridae) using histological, histochemical, immunofluorescent, and ELISA standard methodology. The skin comprises three sequentially-oriented layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis with a significantly increased thickness of the former. The epidermis contains four types of cells: the surface epithelial cells, mucous cells, granular cells, and club cells. We defined distinctive ampullary electroreceptors in the outer epidermis that possess flask-shaped sensory crypt containing electroreceptor cells together with vertical collagen rods. Dermis and hypodermis are composed of connective tissue; however, the former is much more coarse and dense with comparable reactivity for Masson-Goldner trichrome (MT). Placing our data in the context of the limited body of previous work, we showed subtle changes in the expression of mucin subunits together with cytoskeletal fractions of collagens, myosin, F-actin, keratins, and tubulins. Taken as a whole, our results convincingly showed that the skin of M. electricus shares some structural similarities to other Siluriformes, however, it has some functional modifications that are implicated in protection, defense, and foraging behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A El-Mansi
- Biology Dept., Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed M Rady
- Biology Dept., Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam H Ibrahim
- Biology Dept., Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman ElBealy
- Biology Dept., Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Borrull S, Borrull F, Marcé RM, Pocurull E. Optimization of the ultrasound-assisted extraction method for determining high production volume chemicals in fish liver and skin samples. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141273. [PMID: 38253091 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The aquatic ecosystem is one of the most delicate environments, housing a diverse range of organisms, including fish, all of which are exposed to a wide variety of pollutants. The accumulation of these harmful substances in fish, which are part of the human diet, presents a significant health risk to humans. In our study, we have optimized an extraction technique to determine the presence of 25 high production volume chemicals in liver and skin samples taken from commonly consumed fish species. We have employed ultrasound-assisted extraction in conjunction with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to achieve this goal. Apparent recoveries of the method ranged from 50% to 111% for both sample types with some exceptions such as most of the benzosulfonamides and benzothiazole. Additionally, the method's detection and quantification limits varied from 0.1 to 1.7 ng g-1 (dry weight, d.w) and 0.2-4.5 ng g-1 (d.w), respectively. Our investigation focused on three frequently consumed fish species in Tarragona: sea bass, sea bream, and turbot. Almost all of the samples we analysed contained traces of contaminants, with phthalates being the most commonly detected. The highest concentrations were observed for diethyl phthalate, with levels peaking at 8350 ng g-1 (d.w.). Organophosphate esters, such as triethyl phosphate and tributyl phosphate, also showed notable presence, with peak concentrations of 93.6 and 34.0 ng g-1 (d.w.), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Borrull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Campus Sescelades, Building N4, 43005, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Borrull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Campus Sescelades, Building N4, 43005, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Marcé
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Campus Sescelades, Building N4, 43005, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Eva Pocurull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Campus Sescelades, Building N4, 43005, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
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6
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Esteban MÁ. A review of soluble factors and receptors involved in fish skin immunity: The tip of the iceberg. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109311. [PMID: 38128682 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The immune system of fish possesses soluble factors, receptors, pathways and cells very similar to those of the other vertebrates' immune system. Throughout evolutionary history, the exocrine secretions of organisms have accumulated a large reservoir of soluble factors that serve to protect organisms from microbial pathogens that could disrupt mucosal barrier homeostasis. In parallel, a diverse set of recognition molecules have been discovered that alert the organism to the presence of pathogens. The known functions of both the soluble factors and receptors mentioned above encompass critical aspects of host defense, such as pathogen binding and neutralization, opsonization, or modulation of inflammation if present. The molecules and receptors cooperate and are able to initiate the most appropriate immune response in an attempt to eliminate pathogens before host infection can begin. Furthermore, these recognition molecules, working in coordination with soluble defence factors, collaboratively erect a robust and perfectly coordinated defence system with complementary specificity, activity and tissue distribution. This intricate network constitutes an immensely effective defence mechanism for fish. In this context, the present review focuses on some of the main soluble factors and recognition molecules studied in the last decade in the skin mucosa of teleost fish. However, knowledge of these molecules is still very limited in all teleosts. Therefore, further studies are suggested throughout the review that would help to better understand the functions in which the proteins studied are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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7
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Bettle G, Bell DP, Bakewell SJ. A Novel Comprehensive Therapeutic Approach to the Challenges of Chronic Wounds: A Brief Review and Clinical Experience Report. Adv Ther 2024; 41:492-508. [PMID: 38104037 PMCID: PMC10838851 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02742-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Following the clinical perspective and concept that a healthy body will not develop chronic wounds, the central approach for the treatment described here is based on an understanding of how the body transforms the wound microenvironment from a non-healing to a healing state. As part of a comprehensive treatment regimen that includes OCM™ (complete matrix), wound preparation, and skin protectant formulations, the OCM contains components for complete wound healing by attending to the individual needs required to promote the closure of each unique chronic wound. During application of the comprehensive treatment regimen in independent investigator-led trials, the total wound percentage average reduction over the first 4 weeks of treatment was 60% across multiple wound types; median time to total wound closure was 6.9 weeks. Safety testing of the OCM formulation shows no potential allergenicity, no potential sensitization, and no known product-related adverse events. Clinical trials evaluating the OCM formulation as part of the comprehensive treatment regimen of multiple wound types are underway. Results of clinical trials and real-world experiences will expand current knowledge of the wound-healing potential of this novel product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griscom Bettle
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Omeza, LLC, 1610 Northgate Boulevard, Sarasota, FL, 34234, USA
| | - Desmond P Bell
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Omeza, LLC, 1610 Northgate Boulevard, Sarasota, FL, 34234, USA
| | - Suzanne J Bakewell
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Omeza, LLC, 1610 Northgate Boulevard, Sarasota, FL, 34234, USA.
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8
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Xia Y, Wang WX. Subcellular responses of fish cells to sewage effluents: Cell line-based and whole-animal based approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167528. [PMID: 37820792 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Acute toxicity determination is essential in the ecological risk assessment. Traditionally, acute toxicity testing requires substantial numbers of animals and uses death as an apical end point which requires large number of experimental animals and takes days to obtain the results. Application of fish cell lines can provide a possible alternative to traditional acute toxicity test. However, cell-based assay may show several orders of magnitude less sensitive than the animal-based results. Some changes in cellular organelles could have the sensitivity in responding to pollutants. For this reason, a cell-based fluorescent assay was developed using rabbitfish fin cells as model and fluorescent probes to visualize the subcellular responses. The subcellular responses under sewage effluents exposure were captured by confocal microscopy. These cellular responses were quantified and several subcellular indexes represented the toxicity. The optimized assay was then used to determine the toxicity of sewage effluents displaying toxicity to aquatic animals. Through visualization of cellular responses, we further screened several cellular indexes including lysosomal number and mitochondrial size which had a good linear relationship with sewage effluents content. Besides, these cellular indexes had a good agreement between in vivo and in vitro results, demonstrating the accuracy of cellular parameters in representing the acute toxicity of sewage effluents. The developed cell-based testing assay presented here has the characteristics of a faster and cheaper method, which does not require complex facilities and large amount of testing samples. The developed assay may be further applied in predicting the acute toxicity to sewage effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiteng Xia
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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9
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Torrissen M, Ytteborg E, Svensen H, Stoknes I, Nilsson A, Østbye TK, Berge GM, Bou M, Ruyter B. Investigation of the functions of n-3 very-long-chain PUFAs in skin using in vivo Atlantic salmon and in vitro human and fish skin models. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1915-1931. [PMID: 37169355 PMCID: PMC10630148 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary n-3 very-long-chain PUFA (n-3 VLC-PUFA) on the maturation and development of skin tissue in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in vivo, as well as their effects on skin keratocyte and human skin fibroblast cell migration in vitro. Atlantic salmon were fed different dietary levels of n-3 VLC-PUFA from an initial weight of 6 g to a final weight of 11 g. Changes in skin morphology were analysed at two time points during the experiment, and the effects on skin tissue fatty acid composition were determined. Additionally, in vitro experiments using human dermal fibroblasts and primary Atlantic salmon keratocytes were conducted to investigate the effect of VLC-PUFA on the migration capacity of the cells. The results demonstrated that increased dietary levels of n-3 VLC-PUFA led to an increased epidermis thickness and more rapid scale maturation in Atlantic salmon skin in vivo, leading to a more mature skin morphology, and possibly more robust skin, at an earlier life stage. Additionally, human skin fibroblasts and salmon skin keratocytes supplemented with n-3 VLC-PUFA in vitro showed more rapid migration, indicating potentially beneficial effects of VLC-PUFA in wound healing. In conclusion, VLC-PUFA may have beneficial effects on skin tissue development, function and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Torrissen
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432Ås, Norway
- Epax Norway, 6006Ålesund, Norway
- NMBU (Norwegian University of Life Sciences), 1433Ås, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Ytteborg
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432Ås, Norway
| | | | | | - Astrid Nilsson
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432Ås, Norway
| | - Tone-Kari Østbye
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432Ås, Norway
| | - Gerd Marit Berge
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432Ås, Norway
| | - Marta Bou
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432Ås, Norway
| | - Bente Ruyter
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432Ås, Norway
- NMBU (Norwegian University of Life Sciences), 1433Ås, Norway
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10
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Mou CY, Zhang L, Zhao H, Huang ZP, Duan YL, Zhao ZM, Ke HY, Du J, Li Q, Zhou J. Single-nuclei RNA-seq reveals skin cell responses to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Chinese longsnout catfish Leiocassis longirostris. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1271466. [PMID: 37908355 PMCID: PMC10613986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1271466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As the primary natural barrier that protects against adverse environmental conditions, the skin plays a crucial role in the innate immune response of fish, particularly in relation to bacterial infections. However, due to the diverse functionality and intricate anatomical and cellular composition of the skin, deciphering the immune response of the host is a challenging task. In this study, single nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) was performed on skin biopsies obtained from Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris), comparing Aeromonas hydrophila-infected subjects to healthy control subjects. A total of 19,581 single nuclei cells were sequenced using 10x Genomics (10,400 in the control group and 9,181 in the treated group). Based on expressed unique transcriptional profiles, 33 cell clusters were identified and classified into 12 cell types including keratinocyte (KC), fibroblast (FB), endothelial cells (EC), secretory cells (SC), immune cells, smooth muscle cells (SMC), and other cells such as pericyte (PC), brush cell (BC), red blood cell (RBC), neuroendocrine cell (NDC), neuron cells (NC), and melanocyte (MC). Among these, three clusters of KCs, namely, KC1, KC2, and KC5 exhibited significant expansion after A. hydrophila infection. Analysis of pathway enrichment revealed that KC1 was primarily involved in environmental signal transduction, KC2 was primarily involved in endocrine function, and KC5 was primarily involved in metabolism. Finally, our findings suggest that neutrophils may play a crucial role in combating A. hydrophila infections. In summary, this study not only provides the first detailed comprehensive map of all cell types present in the skin of teleost fish but also sheds light on the immune response mechanism of the skin following A. hydrophila infection in Chinese longsnout catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Li
- Fisheries Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Fisheries Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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11
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Esmaeili A, Biazar E, Ebrahimi M, Heidari Keshel S, Kheilnezhad B, Saeedi Landi F. Acellular fish skin for wound healing. Int Wound J 2023; 20:2924-2941. [PMID: 36924081 PMCID: PMC10410342 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish skin grafting as a new skin substitute is currently being used in clinical applications. Acceleration of the wound healing, lack of disease transmission, and low cost of the production process can introduce fish skin as a potential alternative to other grafts. An appropriate decellularization process allows the design of 3D acellular scaffolds for skin regeneration without damaging the morphology and extracellular matrix content. Therefore, the role of decellularization processes is very important to maintain the properties of fish skin. In this review article, recent studies on various decellularization processes as well as biological, physical, and mechanical properties of fish skin and its applications with therapeutic effects in wound healing were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Esmaeili
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Esmaeil Biazar
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Biomedical EngineeringTonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityTonekabonIran
| | - Maryam Ebrahimi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Saeed Heidari Keshel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Bahareh Kheilnezhad
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringAmirkabir University of TechnologyTehranIran
| | - Farzaneh Saeedi Landi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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12
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Wang LC, Chen LH, Chiu YC, Liou CY, Chen HC, Lu CY, Chen JL. Teleost skin microbiome: An intimate interplay between the environment and the host immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:108869. [PMID: 37285875 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mucosal microbiome plays a role in regulating host health. The research conducted in humans and mice has governed and detailed the information on microbiome-host immunity interactions. Teleost fish, different from humans and mice, lives in and relies on the aquatic environment and is subjected to environmental variation. The growth of teleost mucosal microbiome studies, the majority in the gastrointestinal tract, has emphasized the essential role of the teleost microbiome in growth and health. However, research in the teleost external surface microbiome, as the skin microbiome, has just started. In this review, we examine the general findings in the colonization of the skin microbiome, how the skin microbiome is subjected to environmental change and the reciprocal regulation with the host immune system, and the current challenges that potential study models can address. The information collected from teleost skin microbiome-host immunity research would help future teleost culturing from the potential parasitic infestation and bacterial infection as foreseeing growing threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Chun Wang
- Marine and Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Committee of Fisheries Extension Service, College of Marine Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Hsuan Chen
- Marine and Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Yu-Che Chiu
- Marine and Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Liou
- Marine and Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Chen
- Marine and Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Lu
- Marine and Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Lin Chen
- Marine and Pathogenic Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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Xiao H, Chen X, Liu X, Wen G, Yu Y. Recent advances in decellularized biomaterials for wound healing. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100589. [PMID: 36880081 PMCID: PMC9984902 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is one of the most essential organs in the human body, interacting with the external environment and shielding the body from diseases and excessive water loss. Thus, the loss of the integrity of large portions of the skin due to injury and illness may lead to significant disabilities and even death. Decellularized biomaterials derived from the extracellular matrix of tissues and organs are natural biomaterials with large quantities of bioactive macromolecules and peptides, which possess excellent physical structures and sophisticated biomolecules, and thus, promote wound healing and skin regeneration. Here, we highlighted the applications of decellularized materials in wound repair. First, the wound-healing process was reviewed. Second, we elucidated the mechanisms of several extracellular matrix constitutes in facilitating wound healing. Third, the major categories of decellularized materials in the treatment of cutaneous wounds in numerous preclinical models and over decades of clinical practice were elaborated. Finally, we discussed the current hurdles in the field and anticipated the future challenges and novel avenues for research on decellularized biomaterials-based wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xuanzhe Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Gen Wen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yaling Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
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14
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Ritzmann D, Jahn M, Heck S, Jung C, Cesetti T, Couturier N, Rudolf R, Reuscher N, Buerger C, Rauh O, Fauth T. The Ca 2+ channel TRPV4 is dispensable for Ca 2+ influx and cell volume regulation during hypotonic stress response in human keratinocyte cell lines. Cell Calcium 2023; 111:102715. [PMID: 36933289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell swelling as a result of hypotonic stress is counteracted in mammalian cells by a process called regulatory volume decrease (RVD). We have recently discovered that RVD of human keratinocytes requires the LRRC8 volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) and that Ca2+ exerts a modulatory function on RVD. However, the ion channel that is responsible for Ca2+ influx remains unknown. We investigated in this study whether the Ca2+-permeable TRPV4 ion channel, which functions as cell volume sensor in many cell types, may be involved in cell volume regulation during hypotonic stress response of human keratinocytes. We interfered with TRPV4 function in two human keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT and NHEK-E6/E7) by using two TRPV4-specific inhibitors (RN1734 and GSK2193874), and by creating a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genetic TRPV4-/- knockout in HaCaT cells. We employed electrophysiological patch clamp analysis, fluorescence-based Ca2+ imaging and cell volume measurements to determine the functional importance of TRPV4. We could show that both hypotonic stress and direct activation of TRPV4 by the specific agonist GSK1016790A triggered intracellular Ca2+ response. Strikingly, the Ca2+ increase upon hypotonic stress was neither affected by genetic knockout of TRPV4 in HaCaT cells nor by pharmacological inhibition of TRPV4 in both keratinocyte cell lines. Accordingly, hypotonicity-induced cell swelling, downstream activation of VRAC currents as well as subsequent RVD were unaffected both in TRPV4 inhibitor-treated keratinocytes and in HaCaT-TRPV4-/- cells. In summary, our study shows that keratinocytes do not require TRPV4 for coping with hypotonic stress, which implies the involvement of other, yet unidentified Ca2+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Jahn
- BRAIN Biotech AG, Zwingenberg, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Cristina Jung
- Membrane Biophysics, Department of Biology, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tiziana Cesetti
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hochschule Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Hochschule Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nathalie Couturier
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hochschule Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Hochschule Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hochschule Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy, Hochschule Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Naemi Reuscher
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Buerger
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Rauh
- Membrane Biophysics, Department of Biology, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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15
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The Complex Bridge between Aquatic and Terrestrial Life: Skin Changes during Development of Amphibians. J Dev Biol 2023; 11:jdb11010006. [PMID: 36810458 PMCID: PMC9944868 DOI: 10.3390/jdb11010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphibian skin is a particularly complex organ that is primarily responsible for respiration, osmoregulation, thermoregulation, defense, water absorption, and communication. The skin, as well as many other organs in the amphibian body, has undergone the most extensive rearrangement in the adaptation from water to land. Structural and physiological features of skin in amphibians are presented within this review. We aim to procure extensive and updated information on the evolutionary history of amphibians and their transition from water to land-that is, the changes seen in their skin from the larval stages to adulthood from the points of morphology, physiology, and immunology.
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16
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Sathiyanarayanan A, Yashwanth BS, Pinto N, Thakuria D, Chaudhari A, Gireesh Babu P, Goswami M. Establishment and characterization of a new fibroblast-like cell line from the skin of a vertebrate model, zebrafish (Danio rerio). Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:19-29. [PMID: 36289143 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The available fully sequenced genome and genetic similarities compared to humans make zebrafish a prominent in vitro vertebrate model for drug discovery & screening, toxicology, and radiation biology. Zebrafish also possess well developed immune systems which is ideal for studying infectious diseases. Fish skin confers immunity by serving as a physical barrier against the invading pathogens in the aquatic habitat. Therefore in vitro models from the skin tissue of zebrafish help to study the physiology, functional genes in vitro, wound healing, and pathogenicity of microbes. Hence the study aimed to develop and characterize a skin cell line from the wild-type zebrafish Danio rerio. METHODS AND RESULTS A novel cell line designated as DRS (D. rerio skin) was established and characterized from the skin tissue of wild-type zebrafish, D. rerio, by the explant technique. The cells thrived well in the Leibovitz's -15 medium supplemented with 15% FBS and routinely passaged at regular intervals. The DRS cells mainly feature fibroblast-like morphology. The culture conditions of the cells were determined by incubating the cells at varying concentrations of FBS and temperature; the optimum was 15% FBS and 28 °C, respectively. Cells were cryopreserved and revived with 70-75% viability at different passage levels. Two extracellular products from bacterial species Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda were tested and found toxic to the DRS cells. Mitochondrial genes, namely COI and 16S rRNA PCR amplification and partial sequencing authenticated the species of origin of cells. The modal diploid (2n) chromosome number of the cells was 50. The cell line DRS was found to be free from mycoplasma. The cells were transfected with pMaxGFP plasmid and tested positive for green fluorescence at 24-48 h post-transfection. CONCLUSION The findings from this study thus confirm the usefulness of the developed cell line in bacterial susceptibility and transgene expression studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjunan Sathiyanarayanan
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - B S Yashwanth
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - Nevil Pinto
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - Dimpal Thakuria
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Industrial Area, Bhimtal, 263136, India
| | - Aparna Chaudhari
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - P Gireesh Babu
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Meat, Chengicherla, Boduppal Post, Hyderabad, 500092, India
| | - Mukunda Goswami
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India.
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17
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Al-Ashhab A, Alexander-Shani R, Avrahami Y, Ehrlich R, Strem RI, Meshner S, Shental N, Sharon G. Sparus aurata and Lates calcarifer skin microbiota under healthy and diseased conditions in UV and non-UV treated water. Anim Microbiome 2022; 4:42. [PMID: 35729615 PMCID: PMC9210813 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-022-00191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The welfare of farmed fish is influenced by numerous environmental and management factors. Fish skin is an important site for immunity and a major route by which infections are acquired. The objective of this study was to characterize bacterial composition variability on skin of healthy, diseased, and recovered Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) and Barramundi (Lates calcarifer). S. aurata, which are highly sensitive to gram-negative bacteria, were challenged with Vibrio harveyi. In addition, and to provide a wider range of infections, both fish species (S. aurata and L. calcarifer) were infected with gram-positive Streptococcus iniae, to compare the response of the highly sensitive L. calcarifer to that of the more resistant S. aurata. All experiments also compared microbial communities found on skin of fish reared in UV (a general practice used in aquaculture) and non-UV treated water tanks. Results Skin swab samples were taken from different areas of the fish (lateral lines, abdomen and gills) prior to controlled infection, and 24, 48 and 72 h, 5 days, one week and one-month post-infection. Fish skin microbial communities were determined using Illumina iSeq100 16S rDNA for bacterial sequencing. The results showed that naturally present bacterial composition is similar on all sampled fish skin sites prior to infection, but the controlled infections (T1 24 h post infection) altered the bacterial communities found on fish skin. Moreover, when the naturally occurring skin microbiota did not quickly recover, fish mortality was common following T1 (24 h post infection). We further confirmed the differences in bacterial communities found on skin and in the water of fish reared in non-UV and UV treated water under healthy and diseased conditions. Conclusions Our experimental findings shed light on the fish skin microbiota in relation to fish survival (in diseased and healthy conditions). The results can be harnessed to provide management tools for commercial fish farmers; predicting and preventing fish diseases can increase fish health, welfare, and enhance commercial fish yields. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42523-022-00191-y.
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18
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Abbasnezhad S, Biazar E, Aavani F, Kamalvand M, Heidari Keshel S, Pourjabbar B. Chemical modification of acellular fish skin as a promising biological scaffold by carbodiimide cross‐linker for wound healing. Int Wound J 2022; 20:1566-1577. [PMID: 36372945 PMCID: PMC10088853 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological matrices can be modified with cross-linkers to improve some of their characteristics as scaffolds for tissue engineering. In this study, chemical cross-linker 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) was used with different ratios (5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mM) to improve properties such as mechanical strength, denaturation temperature, and degradability of the acellular fish skin as a biological scaffold for tissue engineering applications. Morphological analysis showed that the use of cross-linker at low concentrations had no effect on the structure and textiles of the scaffold, while increasing mechanical strength, denaturation temperature, and degradation time. Cytotoxicity and cellular studies showed that the optimal cross-linker concentration did not significantly affect cell viability as well as cell adhesion. In general, utilising the carbodiimide cross-linker with the optimal ratio can improve the characteristics and function of the biological tissues such as acellular fish skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abbasnezhad
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tonekabon Branch Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Iran
| | - Esmaeil Biazar
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tonekabon Branch Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Iran
| | - Farzaneh Aavani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Mahshad Kamalvand
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tonekabon Branch Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Iran
| | - Saeed Heidari Keshel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Bahareh Pourjabbar
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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19
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Xu FF, Jiang FY, Zhou GQ, Xia JY, Yang F, Zhu B. The recombinant subunit vaccine encapsulated by alginate-chitosan microsphere enhances the immune effect against Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:1757-1765. [PMID: 35944110 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The disease caused by Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) has brought substantial economic losses to the largemouth bass aquaculture industry in China. Vaccination was considered as a potential way to prevent and control this disease. As a kind of sustained and controlled release system, alginate and chitosan microspheres (SA-CS) are widely used in the development of oral vaccination for fish. Here, we prepared a king of alginate-chitosan composite microsphere to encapsulate the second segment of MSRV glycoprotein (G2 protein) and then evaluated the immune effect of the microsphere vaccine on largemouth bass. Largemouth bass were vaccinated via intragastric immunization by different treatments (PBS, SA-CS, G2 and SA-CS-G2). The results showed that a stronger immune response including serum antibody levels, immune-related physiological indexes (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity) and the expression of immune-related gene (IgM、IL-8、IL-1β、CD4、TGF-β、TNF-α) can be induced obviously with SA-CS-G2 groups compared with G2 groups when fish were vaccinated. Furthermore, fish were injected with a lethal dose of MSRV after immunization for 28 days, and the highest relative percentage survival (54.8%) was observed in SA-CS-G2 group (40 μg per fish), which is significantly higher than that of G2 group (25.8%). This study showed that alginate-chitosan microspheres as the vaccine carrier can effectively improve the immune effect of oral vaccination and induce better immune protection effect against MSRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fu-Yi Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jun-Yao Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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20
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Ciprandi G, Kjartansson H, Grussu F, Baldursson BT, Frattaroli J, Urbani U, Zama M. Use of acellular intact fish skin grafts in treating acute paediatric wounds during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case series. J Wound Care 2022; 31:824-831. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2022.31.10.824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: More specific strategies are needed to support children requiring skin grafting. Our goal was to identify procedures that reduce operating times, post-operative complications, pain and length of hospital stay. Patient safety, optimal wound bed support and quick micro-debridement with locoregional anaesthesia were prioritised. Ultimately, a novel acellular fish skin graft (FSG) derived from north Atlantic cod was selected for use. Method: We admitted consecutive paediatric patients with various lesions requiring skin grafting for definitive wound closure. All FSGs were applied and bolstered in the operating room following debridement. Results: In a cohort of 15 patients, the average age was 8 years and 9 months (4 years 1 month–13 years 5 months). Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) was given to 12 patients. Rapid wound healing was observed in all patients, with a wound area coverage of 100% and complete healing in 95% of wounds. Time until engraftment in patients receiving NPWT was reduced by about a half (to an average 12 days) from our standard experience of 21 days. Ten patients received locoregional anaesthesia and were discharged after day surgery. The operating time was <60 minutes, and no complications or allergic reactions were reported. Excellent pliability of the healed wound was achieved in all patients, without signs of itching and scratching in the postoperative period. This case series is the first and largest using FSG to treat paediatric patients with different wound aetiologies. We attribute the rapid transition to acute wound status and the good pliability of the new epidermal–dermal complex to the preserved molecular components of the FSG, including omega-3. Conclusion: FSG represents an innovative and sustainable solution for paediatric wound care that results in shorter surgery time and reduced hospital stays, with accelerated wound healing times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Ciprandi
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Hilmar Kjartansson
- Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Kerecis Limited, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Francesca Grussu
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Baldur T Baldursson
- Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Kerecis Limited, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jacopo Frattaroli
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Urbano Urbani
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Zama
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, Research Institute, Rome, Italy
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21
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Li X, Hu X, Lv A, Guan Z. Skin immune response to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in crucian carp Carassius auratus revealed by multi-omics analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:866-875. [PMID: 35850458 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fish skin is an essential protective barrier and functions as the first line of immune defense against pathogens. However, the molecular mechanism at the proteome-level remains unclear in the skin of fish. In this study, the comparative proteomics of skin immune responses of crucian carp Carassius auratus infected with Aeromonas hydrophila was investigated by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ), two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry (2-DE/MS) as well as high-throughput transcriptome (RNA-seq) techniques. A total of 241 and 178 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) at 6 and 12 h post-infection (hpi) were respectively identified by iTRAQ, and key-DEPs were furtherly verified with 2-DE/MS analysis. GO and KEGG analysis showed that these DEPs were mostly related to metabolism, regulation of the cytoskeleton, stress and immune responses. Co-association results of proteome and transcriptome revealed the lysozyme (LYZ), complement C3, DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog subfamily C member 8 (DNAJC8) and allograft inflammatory factor 1-like (AIF1L) play important roles in skin immune responses of crucian carp. The significantly up-regulated expression of detected immune-related genes (c3, mapk3, f5, nlr, hsp90, itgb2, fnl, flnca, p47, mhc and pros1) were validated by qRT-PCR analysis. To our knowledge, this is first report on multi-omics analysis of the differential proteomics for the skin immune response of C. auratus against A.hydrophila infection, which contribute to the understanding the mechanisms of skin mucosal immunity in cyprinid fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiucai Hu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Aijun Lv
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Zhenguo Guan
- S&E Burgeoning Biotechnology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300383, China
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22
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Lazado CC, Stiller KT, Shahzad K, Reiten BKM, Marchenko Y, Gerwins J, Radonjic FS, Eckel B, Berge A, Espmark ÅM. Health and Welfare of Atlantic Salmon in FishGLOBE V5 – a Novel Closed Containment System at Sea. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.871433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Closed-containment (CCS) systems offer several advantages in controlling the production environment for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture, especially at sea, where fish are more exposed to challenging environmental conditions. Here, we report the health and welfare of Atlantic salmon in FishGLOBE V5, a 3500 m3 semi-closed containment system. A group of 200,000 post-smolts was followed from a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) facility, then for three and a half months in FishGLOBE V5, and three months after release in net pens. Fish samples were collected at four time points during the production period, while water quality was evaluated when the fish were in FishGLOBE V5. The water quality in FishGLOBE V5 was within the recommended range for salmon post-smolts. The mortality rate was 1.4% in FishGLOBE V5 and 4.9% in net pens. There was an increase in the prevalence of eye, snout and dorsal fin damages before the fish left the FishGLOBE V5 phase. The plasma level of magnesium was slightly elevated during this phase as well, indicating osmotic imbalance and stress. Histological evaluation of skin and gills showed sporadic cases of non-specific pathologies. In particular, the transitory stay in FishGLOBE V5 partially improved skin health, but not gill health. Gene expression profiling of some biomarkers showed that rearing fish in FishGLOBE V5 could influence the expression of genes involved in stress response, mucus production, and epithelial integrity. This study documented that rearing salmon for a certain period in FishGLOBE V5 during production affected different health and welfare indicators. These changes should be taken into consideration for the improvement of FishGLOBE V5 as a viable technology for post-smolt production at sea.
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23
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Doyle D, Carney Almroth B, Sundell K, Simopoulou N, Sundh H. Transport and Barrier Functions in Rainbow Trout Trunk Skin Are Regulated by Environmental Salinity. Front Physiol 2022; 13:882973. [PMID: 35634157 PMCID: PMC9136037 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.882973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underpinning ionic transport and barrier function have been relatively well characterised in amphibians and fish. In teleost fish, these processes have mostly been characterised in the gill and intestine. In contrast, these processes remain much less clear for the trunk skin of fish. In this study, we measured barrier function and active transport in the trunk skin of the rainbow trout, using the Ussing chamber technique. The effects of epithelial damage, skin region, salinity, and pharmacological inhibition were tested. Skin barrier function decreased significantly after the infliction of a superficial wound through the removal of scales. Wound healing was already underway after 3 h and, after 24 h, there was no significant difference in barrier function towards ions between the wounded and control skin. In relation to salinity, skin permeability decreased drastically following exposure to freshwater, and increased following exposure to seawater. Changes in epithelial permeability were accompanied by salinity-dependent changes in transepithelial potential and short-circuit current. The results of this study support the idea that barrier function in rainbow trout trunk skin is regulated by tight junctions that rapidly respond to changes in salinity. The changes in transepithelial permeability and short circuit current also suggest the presence of an active transport component. Immunostaining and selective inhibition suggest that one active transport component is an apical V-ATPase. However, further research is required to determine the exact role of this transporter in the context of the trunk skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Doyle
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - B Carney Almroth
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K Sundell
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - N Simopoulou
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Sundh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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24
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Anderson KC, Ghosh B, Chetty T, Walker SP, Symonds JE, Nowak BF. Transcriptomic characterisation of a common skin lesion in farmed chinook salmon. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 124:28-38. [PMID: 35367374 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about host responses of farmed Chinook salmon with skin lesions, despite the lesions being associated with increased water temperatures and elevated mortality rates. To address this shortfall, a transcriptomic approach was used to characterise the molecular landscape of spot lesions, the most commonly reported lesion type in New Zealand Chinook salmon, versus healthy appearing skin in fish with and without spot lesions. Many biological (gene ontology) pathways were enriched in lesion adjacent tissue, relative to control skin tissue, including proteolysis, fin regeneration, calcium ion binding, mitochondrial transport, actin cytoskeleton organisation, epithelium development, and tissue development. In terms of specific transcripts of interest, pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β and tumour necrosis factor), annexin A1, mucin 2, and calreticulin were upregulated, while cathepsin H, mucin 5AC, and perforin 1 were downregulated in lesion tissue. In some instances, changes in gene expression were consistent between lesion and healthy appearing skin from the same fish relative to lesion free fish, suggesting that host responses weren't limited to the site of the lesion. Goblet cell density in skin histological sections was not different between skin sample types. Collectively, these results provide insights into the physiological changes associated with common spot lesions in farmed Chinook salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli C Anderson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania Newnham Campus, Private Bag 1370, Newnham, Tas, 7248, Australia.
| | - Bikramjit Ghosh
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania Newnham Campus, Private Bag 1370, Newnham, Tas, 7248, Australia
| | - Thaveshini Chetty
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania Newnham Campus, Private Bag 1370, Newnham, Tas, 7248, Australia
| | - Seumas P Walker
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Jane E Symonds
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Barbara F Nowak
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania Newnham Campus, Private Bag 1370, Newnham, Tas, 7248, Australia.
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25
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Biazar E, Heidari Keshel S, Rezaei Tavirani M, Kamalvand M. Healing effect of acellular fish skin with plasma rich in growth factor on full-thickness skin defects. Int Wound J 2022; 19:2154-2162. [PMID: 35441469 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acellular skin as a scaffold has a good potential to regenerate or repair damaged tissues. Growth factors such as Plasma Rich in Growth Factor (PRGF) as a rich source of active proteins can accelerate tissue regeneration. In this study, an acellular scaffold derived from fish skin with growth factors was used to repair full-thickness skin defects in a rat model. Cellular results demonstrated that epithelial cells adhere well to acellular scaffolds. The results of animal studies showed that the groups treated with acellular scaffold and growth factor have a high ability to close and heal wounds on the 28th day after surgery. Histological and staining results showed that in the treated groups with scaffold and growth factor, an epidermal layer was formed with some skin appendages similar to normal skin. Overall, such scaffolds with biological agents can cause an acceptable synergistic effect on skin regeneration and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Biazar
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Saeed Heidari Keshel
- Medical Nanotechnology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahshad Kamalvand
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
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26
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Research Techniques Made Simple: Zebrafish Models for Human Dermatologic Disease. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:499-506.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Akat E, Yenmiş M, Pombal MA, Molist P, Megías M, Arman S, Veselỳ M, Anderson R, Ayaz D. Comparison of Vertebrate Skin Structure at Class Level: A Review. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 305:3543-3608. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Akat
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department Bornova, İzmir Turkey
| | - Melodi Yenmiş
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department Bornova, İzmir Turkey
| | - Manuel A. Pombal
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía‐IBIV Vigo, España
| | - Pilar Molist
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía‐IBIV Vigo, España
| | - Manuel Megías
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía‐IBIV Vigo, España
| | - Sezgi Arman
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Biology Department Sakarya Turkey
| | - Milan Veselỳ
- Palacky University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology Olomouc Czechia
| | - Rodolfo Anderson
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista São Paulo Brazil
| | - Dinçer Ayaz
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department Bornova, İzmir Turkey
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28
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Shuttleworth L, Oosthuizen CJ. Comparing DNA yield from fish scales following different extraction protocols. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2836. [PMID: 35181723 PMCID: PMC8857249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on genetic diversity, adaptive potential and fitness of species have become a major tool in conservation biology. These studies require biological material containing a reliable source of DNA which can be extracted and analysed. Recently, non-invasive sampling has become the preferred sampling method of such biological material; particularly when studying endangered species. Elasmoid scales from teleost fish are an example of non-invasive samples from which DNA can successfully be extracted. This study compared different extraction protocols to find an optimal method for extracting DNA from teleost fish scales. This was done with the intent to use the protocol that yielded the highest quantity of DNA on dried, archived scales. The protocols tested in this study included (1) phenol/chloroform with a TNES-urea digestion buffer, (2) phenol/chloroform with an amniocyte digestion buffer and (3) Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit with variations in incubation times and temperatures of each protocol. While the phenol/chloroform with TNES-urea digestion buffer yielded significantly higher concentrations of DNA compared to the other protocols, all protocols followed in this study yielded sufficient quantities of DNA for further downstream applications. Therefore, while there are multiple viable options when selecting a DNA extraction protocol, each research project’s individual needs, requirements and resources need to be carefully considered in order to choose the most effective protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loraine Shuttleworth
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Carel Jakobus Oosthuizen
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa.
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29
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Ribeiro-Neto DG, Spadacci-Morena DD, Marques EE, Silva KLF, Seibert CS. Study of the integument that covering back and stinger of the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon rex (Chondricthyes, Potamotrygonidae). BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e264933. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.264933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The objective of this study was to describe the histology and histochemistry of the integument covering the back and stinger of the freshwater stingray Potamotrygon rex, endemic to the Middle Upper Tocantins River. The species has a dark back and yellowish circular spots that extend to the tail, which has one to two stings located in the median portion of the tail. Through histological study it was observed that the epithelia of the back and stinger are composed of non-keratinized stratified pavement epithelial tissue, and are organized in three layers: basal, intermediate and superficial. The differences between the tissues are related to the cell types that compose them. The back is organized with epithelial cells, mucus cells, granulocyte cells and chromatophores. The mucus cells are distributed in different layers along the animal's back, influencing the thickness of the tissue. The tissue that covers the stinger is composed of epithelial cells, chromatophores and specialized cells in protein synthesis. In the histochemistry, the stinger epithelial cells were stained with Bromophenol Blue, especially those of the intermediate layer, which were called specialized cells. In the back the epithelial cells were stained with Bromophenol Blue, Alcian Blue and PAS, and the mucous cells with PAS. In both tissues the presence of protein reserves was detected, areas so called because they are stained strongly with Bromophenol Blue. The results show that the stinger presents activity directed to the production of proteins, and that the back is organized to produce different components, which constitute the cuticle that covers the animal's body.
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30
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Zheng T, Song Z, Qiang J, Tao Y, Zhu H, Ma J, Xu P. Transport Stress Induces Skin Innate Immunity Response in Hybrid Yellow Catfish ( Tachysurus fulvidraco♀ × P. vachellii♂) Through TLR/NLR Signaling Pathways and Regulation of Mucus Secretion. Front Immunol 2021; 12:740359. [PMID: 34712228 PMCID: PMC8545808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.740359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport of live fish is a necessary step for commercial production. The skin of teleost fish is the first non-specific immune barrier against exogenous stimuli, and it plays an important protective role under transport stress. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the skin responses to transport stress in hybrid yellow catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco♀ × Pseudobagrus vachellii♂) through transcriptome and biochemical analyses. Water samples were collected during a simulated transport treatment. Biochemical indexes and/or gene expression in blood, skin, and mucus in fish in control groups and transport-stress groups (0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 16 h) were assayed. The levels of total ammonia-nitrogen and nitrite-nitrogen in the water increased with increasing transport time. Comparison of skin transcriptomes between the control group and the group subjected to 16 h of transport revealed 1547 differentially expressed genes (868 up-regulated and 679 down-regulated). The results of the transcriptome analysis were validated by analyses of the expression levels of selected genes by qRT-PCR. The results indicated that the toll-like receptors and nod-like receptors signaling pathways mediate the skin's immune response to transport stress: tlr9, mfn2, and ikbke were significantly up-regulated and nfkbia and map3k7cl were significantly down-regulated under transport stress. With increasing transport time, lysozyme activity and the immunoglobulin M content in skin mucus first increased and then decreased. The number of mucous cells peaked at 8 h of transport stress, and then decreased. The mucus cells changed from types II and IV to types I, II, III, and IV. The amounts of red and white blood cells and the levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit first increased and then decreased during 16 h of transport stress. Together, the results showed that the skin responds to transport stress by activating the immune signaling pathway and regulating mucus secretion. These findings have important biological significance for selecting strains that tolerate transport, as well as economic significance for optimizing the transport conditions for scaleless fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zheng
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhuo Song
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Yifan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Haojun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Junlei Ma
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
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31
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Split-Thickness Skin Grafting: A Primer for Orthopaedic Surgeons. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2021; 29:855-861. [PMID: 34547758 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-20-01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft-tissue defects pose a unique challenge to the treating orthopaedic surgeon. Such defects are commonly encountered after orthopaedic injuries or infection, and the management of these wounds varies significantly. Skin grafting has gained popularity in the management of such soft-tissue defects due to its ability to provide coverage, re-epithelialize, and have a relatively high success rate. One of the most frequently used types of skin graft in orthopaedics is the split-thickness skin graft (STSG). Understanding the proper indications, technique, and management of the STSG foreshadows its success or failure. This review focuses on the indications, technique, alternatives, and complications surrounding the utilization of the STSG in the management of orthopaedic injuries.
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32
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Félix RC, Anjos L, Costa RA, Letsiou S, Power DM. Cartilage Acidic Protein a Novel Therapeutic Factor to Improve Skin Damage Repair? Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100541. [PMID: 34677440 PMCID: PMC8536980 DOI: 10.3390/md19100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish skin has been gaining attention due to its efficacy as a human-wound-treatment product and to identify factors promoting its enhanced action. Skin fibroblasts have a central role in maintaining skin integrity and secrete extra cellular matrix (ECM) proteins, growth factors and cytokines to rapidly repair lesions and prevent further damage or infection. The effects on scratch repair of the ubiquitous but poorly characterized ECM protein, cartilage acidic protein 1 (CRTAC1), from piscine and human sources were compared using a zebrafish SJD.1 primary fibroblast cell line. A classic in vitro cell scratch assay, immunofluorescence, biosensor and gene expression analysis were used. Our results demonstrated that the duplicate sea bass Crtac1a and Crtac1b proteins and human CRTAC-1A all promoted SJD.1 primary fibroblast migration in a classic scratch assay and in an electric cell impedance sensing assay. The immunofluorescence analysis revealed that CRTAC1 enhanced cell migration was most likely caused by actin-driven cytoskeletal changes and the cellular transcriptional response was most affected in the early stage (6 h) of scratch repair. In summary, our results suggest that CRTAC1 may be an important factor in fish skin promoting damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute Castelo Félix
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (L.A.); (R.A.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.C.F.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Liliana Anjos
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (L.A.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Rita Alves Costa
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (L.A.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Sophia Letsiou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Scientific Affairs, APIVITA SA, Industrial Park of Markopoulo Mesogaias, Markopoulo Attikis, 19003 Athens, Greece;
| | - Deborah Mary Power
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (L.A.); (R.A.C.)
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (R.C.F.); (D.M.P.)
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33
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Siao RF, Lin CH, Chen LH, Wang LC. Establishment of a striped catfish skin explant model for studying the skin response in Aeromonas hydrophila infections. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19057. [PMID: 34561532 PMCID: PMC8463585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98583-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Teleost fish skin serves as the first line of defense against pathogens. The interaction between pathogen and host skin determines the infection outcome. However, the mechanism(s) that modulate infection remain largely unknown. A proper tissue culture model that is easier to handle but can quantitatively and qualitatively monitor infection progress may shed some lights. Here, we use striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) to establish an ex vivo skin explant tissue culture model to explore host pathogen interactions. The skin explant model resembles in vivo skin in tissue morphology, integrity, and immune functionality. Inoculation of aquatic pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila in this model induces epidermal exfoliation along with epithelial cell dissociation and inflammation. We conclude that this ex vivo skin explant model could serve as a teleost skin infection model for monitoring pathogenesis under various infection conditions. The model can also potentially be translated into a platform to study prevention and treatment of aquatic infection on the skin in aquaculture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Fang Siao
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chun Wang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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34
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Colin Y, Berthe T, Molbert N, Guigon E, Vivant AL, Alliot F, Collin S, Goutte A, Petit F. Urbanization Constrains Skin Bacterial Phylogenetic Diversity in Wild Fish Populations and Correlates with the Proliferation of Aeromonads. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 82:523-536. [PMID: 33415385 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01650-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the state of rivers resulting from the activity and expansion of urban areas are likely to affect aquatic populations by increasing stress and disease, with the microbiota playing a potentially important intermediary role. Unraveling the dynamics of microbial flora is therefore essential to better apprehend the impact of anthropogenic disturbances on the health of host populations and the ecological integrity of hydrosystems. In this context, the present study simultaneously examined changes in the microbial communities associated with mucosal skin and gut tissues of eight fish species along an urbanization gradient in the Orge River (France). 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding revealed that the structure and composition of the skin microbiota varied substantially along the disturbance gradient and to a lesser extent according to fish taxonomy. Sequences affiliated with the Gammaproteobacteria, in particular the genus Aeromonas, prevailed on fish caught in the most urbanized areas, whereas they were nearly absent upstream. This rise of opportunistic taxa was concomitant with a decline in phylogenetic diversity, suggesting more constraining environmental pressures. In comparison, fish gut microbiota varied much more moderately with the degree of urbanization, possibly because this niche might be less directly exposed to environmental stressors. Co-occurrence networks further identified pairs of associated bacterial taxa, co-existing more or less often than expected at random. Few correlations could be identified between skin and gut bacterial taxa, supporting the assumption that these two microbial niches are disconnected and do not suffer from the same vulnerability to anthropic pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Colin
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, UMR CNRS 6143 M2C, Rouen, France.
| | - Thierry Berthe
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, UMR CNRS 6143 M2C, Rouen, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, PSL, UMR METIS, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Noëlie Molbert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, PSL, UMR METIS, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Elodie Guigon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, PSL, UMR METIS, Paris, F-75005, France
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR METIS, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Anne-Laure Vivant
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, UMR CNRS 6143 M2C, Rouen, France
| | - Fabrice Alliot
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, PSL, UMR METIS, Paris, F-75005, France
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR METIS, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Sylvie Collin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, PSL, UMR METIS, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Aurélie Goutte
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, PSL, UMR METIS, Paris, F-75005, France
- EPHE, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR METIS, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Fabienne Petit
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, UMR CNRS 6143 M2C, Rouen, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, PSL, UMR METIS, Paris, F-75005, France
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35
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Ceballos-Francisco D, García-Carrillo N, Cuesta A, Esteban MÁ. Ultrasonography study of the skin wound healing process in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1091-1100. [PMID: 33760262 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to carry out an in vivo study of the skin healing process in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) after being experimentally wounded. Firstly, the structure of normal skin was studied by real-time ultrasonography (Vevo Lab, VisualSonics) and light microscopy. Besides this, experimental wounds were made on the left flank of each fish with a circular biopsy punch (8 mm diameter) below the lateral line. The healing process was assessed on live fish at 0, 6, 11 and 23 days post-wounding using the real-time ultrasonography in B-mode and Power Doppler mode (Vevo 3100 FUJIFILM, VisualSonics). Through the ultrasonography images, both the skin structure and the evolution of the changes that wounds originated in the surrounding tissues were studied in vivo over time. Concomitantly, the pattern of neovascularization in the wounded area was followed during the healing process and it was demonstrated that, although the neovascularization started very early after the skin damage, it was increased in wounded areas from day 11 post-wounding onwards. The results obtained proved the utility and power of using ultrasounds in fish to evaluate in vivo complex biological processes in real time, which are difficult to study by other methodologies. The present data shed some light on the reparation of external injuries in aquatic vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ceballos-Francisco
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nuria García-Carrillo
- Integrated Center for Biomedical Research (CEIB), Health Sciences Campus, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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36
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Skin Wound Healing Rate in Fish Depends on Species and Microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157804. [PMID: 34360572 PMCID: PMC8346108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is a barrier between the body and the environment that protects the integrity of the body and houses a vast microbiota. By interacting with the host immune system, the microbiota improves wound healing in mammals. However, in fish, the evidence of the role of microbiota and the type of species on wound healing is scarce. We aimed to examine the wound healing rate in various fish species and evaluate the effect of antibiotics on the wound healing process. The wound healing rate was much faster in two of the seven fish species selected based on habitat and skin types. We also demonstrated that the composition of the microbiome plays a role in the wound healing rate. After antibiotic treatment, the wound healing rate improved in one species. Through 16S rRNA sequencing, we identified microbiome correlates of varying responses on wound healing after antibiotic treatment. These findings indicate that not only the species difference but also the microbiota play a significant role in wound healing in fish.
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37
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Chen H, Yin B, Hu B, Zhang B, Liu J, Jing Y, Fan Z, Tian Y, Wei X, Zhang W. Acellular fish skin enhances wound healing by promoting angiogenesis and collagen deposition. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 33730695 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abef7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acellular matrix is a type of promising biomaterial for wound healing promotion. Although acellular bovine and porcine tissues have proven effective, religious restrictions and risks of disease transmission remain barriers to their clinical use. Acellular fish skin (AFS), given its similarity to human skin structure and without the aforementioned disadvantages, is thus seen as an attractive alternative. This study aims to fabricate AFS from the skin of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus), evaluate its physical and mechanical properties and assess its impact on wound healing. The results showed that AFS has a highly porous structure, along with high levels of hydrophilicity, water-absorption property and permeability. Furthermore, physical characterization showed the high tensile strength of AFS in dry and wet states, and high stitch tear resistance, indicating great potential in clinical applications. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to test the viability of L929 cells when culturing in the extracts of AFS. Compared with the control group, there is no significant difference in optical density value when culturing in the extracts of AFS at days 1, 3 and 7 (*p> 0.05).In vivowound healing evaluation then highlighted its promotion of angiogenesis and collagen synthesis, its function in anti-inflammation and acceleration in wound healing. Therefore, this study suggests that AFS has potential as a promising alternative to mammal-derived or traditional wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchi Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Bohao Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Hu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Baokun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, 999 Liangxi Road, Wuxi 214100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzhe Jing
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Tian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Wei
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
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Kamalvand M, Biazar E, Daliri-Joupari M, Montazer F, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Heidari-Keshel S. Design of a decellularized fish skin as a biological scaffold for skin tissue regeneration. Tissue Cell 2021; 71:101509. [PMID: 33621947 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of decellularized natural skin as an extracellular matrix (ECM) may be a great candidate to regenerate damaged tissues. In this study, decellularized scaffolds from fish skin were designed by different techniques (physical, chemical, and enzymatic methods) and investigated by analyses such as Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Tensile strength, Degradability, Histological studies, Toxicity test, and Determination of DNA content. Results showed that the best sample is related to the decellularized skin by hypertonic & hypotonic technique and Triton X100 solutions. Structural and mechanical results were demonstrated that samples have similar properties to human skin to regenerate it. The cytotoxicity results showed that decellularized skin by hypertonic & hypotonic method and Triton solution is non-toxic with minimal amount of genetic materials. Cellular results with epithelial cells indicated good adhesion on decellularized matrix, so it can be a suitable candidate for skin tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshad Kamalvand
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Biazar
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran.
| | | | - Fatemeh Montazer
- Pathology Department, Firoozabadi Clinical Research Development Unit, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Heidari-Keshel
- Medical Nanotechnology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Reyes-López FE, Ibarz A, Ordóñez-Grande B, Vallejos-Vidal E, Andree KB, Balasch JC, Fernández-Alacid L, Sanahuja I, Sánchez-Nuño S, Firmino JP, Pavez L, Polo J, Tort L, Gisbert E. Skin Multi-Omics-Based Interactome Analysis: Integrating the Tissue and Mucus Exuded Layer for a Comprehensive Understanding of the Teleost Mucosa Functionality as Model of Study. Front Immunol 2021; 11:613824. [PMID: 33613538 PMCID: PMC7890662 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
From a general structural perspective, a mucosal tissue is constituted by two main matrices: the tissue and the secreted mucus. Jointly, they fulfill a wide range of functions including the protection of the epithelial layer. In this study, we simultaneously analyzed the epithelial tissue and the secreted mucus response using a holistic interactome-based multi-omics approach. The effect of the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) skin mucosa to a dietary inclusion of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) was evaluated. The epithelial skin microarrays-based transcriptome data showed 194 differentially expressed genes, meanwhile the exuded mucus proteome analysis 35 differentially synthesized proteins. Separately, the skin transcripteractome revealed an expression profile that favored biological mechanisms associated to gene expression, biogenesis, vesicle function, protein transport and localization to the membrane. Mucus proteome showed an enhanced protective role with putatively higher antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The integrated skin mucosa multi-interactome analysis evidenced the interrelationship and synergy between the metabolism and the exuded mucus functions improving specifically the tissue development, innate defenses, and environment recognition. Histologically, the skin increased in thickness and in number of mucous cells. A positive impact on animal performance, growth and feed efficiency was also registered. Collectively, the results suggest an intimate crosstalk between skin tissue and its exuded mucus in response to the nutritional stimulus (SDPP supplementation) that favors the stimulation of cell protein turnover and the activation of the exudation machinery in the skin mucosa. Thus, the multi-omics-based interactome analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of the biological context of response that takes place in a mucosal tissue. In perspective, this strategy is applicable for evaluating the effect of any experimental variable on any mucosal tissue functionality, including the benefits this assessment may provide on the study of the mammalian mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe E Reyes-López
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat de Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellatera, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Providencia, Chile.,Consorcio Tecnológico de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., Santiago, Chile
| | - Antoni Ibarz
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Borja Ordóñez-Grande
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Vallejos-Vidal
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Edificio de Investigación Eduardo Morales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karl B Andree
- IRTA-SCR, Aquaculture Program, Sant Carles de la Rápita, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Balasch
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat de Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellatera, Spain
| | - Laura Fernández-Alacid
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Sanahuja
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Sánchez-Nuño
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana P Firmino
- IRTA-SCR, Aquaculture Program, Sant Carles de la Rápita, Spain.,PhD Program in Aquaculture, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Leonardo Pavez
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Lluis Tort
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat de Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellatera, Spain
| | - Enric Gisbert
- IRTA-SCR, Aquaculture Program, Sant Carles de la Rápita, Spain
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Caballero S, Galeano AM, Lozano JD, Vives M. Description of the microbiota in epidermal mucus and skin of sharks ( Ginglymostoma cirratum and Negaprion brevirostris) and one stingray ( Hypanus americanus). PeerJ 2020; 8:e10240. [PMID: 33362953 PMCID: PMC7747685 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin mucus in fish is the first barrier between the organism and the environment but the role of skin mucus in protecting fish against pathogens is not well understood. During copulation in sharks, the male bites the female generating wounds, which are then highly likely to become infected by opportunistic bacteria from the water or from the male shark's mouth. Describing the microbial component of epithelial mucus may allow future understanding of this first line of defense in sharks. In this study, we analyzed mucus and skin samples obtained from 19 individuals of two shark species and a stingray: the nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum), the lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris) and the southern stingray (Hypanus americanus). Total DNA was extracted from all samples, and the bacterial 16S rRNA gene (region V3-V4) was amplified and sequenced on the Ion Torrent Platform. Bacterial diversity (order) was higher in skin and mucus than in water. Order composition was more similar between the two shark species. Alpha-diversities (Shannon and Simpson) for OTUs (clusters of sequences defined by a 97% identity threshold for the16S rRNA gene) were high and there were non-significant differences between elasmobranch species or types of samples. We found orders of potentially pathogenic bacteria in water samples collected from the area where the animals were found, such as Pasteurellales (i.e., genus Pasteurella spp. and Haemophilus spp.) and Oceanospirillales (i.e., genus Halomonas spp.) but these were not found in the skin or mucus samples from any species. Some bacterial orders, such as Flavobacteriales, Vibrionales (i.e., genus Pseudoalteromonas), Lactobacillales and Bacillales were found only in mucus and skin samples. However, in a co-occurrence analyses, no significant relationship was found among these orders (strength less than 0.6, p-value > 0.01) but significant relationships were found among the order Trembayales, Fusobacteriales, and some previously described marine environmental Bacteria and Archaea, including Elusimicrobiales, Thermoproteales, Deinococcales and Desulfarculales. This is the first study focusing on elasmobranch microbial communities. The functional role and the benefits of these bacteria still needs understanding as well as the potential changes to microbial communities as a result of changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Caballero
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos, LEMVA, Biological Sciences Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ana Maria Galeano
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos, LEMVA, Biological Sciences Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Juan Diego Lozano
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular de Vertebrados Acuáticos, LEMVA, Biological Sciences Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Martha Vives
- Centro de Investigaciones Microbiológicas, CIMIC, Biological Sciences Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
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41
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Bai J, Hu X, Lü A, Wang R, Liu R, Sun J, Niu Y. Skin transcriptome, tissue distribution of mucin genes and discovery of simple sequence repeats in crucian carp (Carassius auratus). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 97:1542-1553. [PMID: 32885862 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crucian carp (Carassius auratus) is one of the major freshwater species and important food fish in China. Fish skin acts as the first line of defence against pathogens, yet its molecular and immune mechanism remains unclear. In this study, a de novo transcriptome assembly of C. auratus skin was performed with the Illumina Hiseq 2000 platform. A total of 49,154,776 clean reads were assembled, among which 60,824 (46.86%), 37,103 (28.59%), 43,269 (33.33%) unigenes were annotated against National Center for Biotechnology Information, Gene Onotology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases, respectively. KEGG Orthology categories were significantly involved in immune system (20.50%), signal transduction (18.04%) and mucosal mucin genes (e.g., muc2, muc5AC, muc5B, muc17, muc18). The high expression of muc18 gene was observed in brain; that of muc2 in intestine; and that of muc5AC in skin, liver, spleen, intestine and muscle. Moreover, the potential 28,928 simple sequence repeats with the three most abundant dinucleotide repeat motifs (AC/GT, AG/CT, AT/AT) were detected in C. auratus. To authors' knowledge, this is the first report to describe the transcriptome analysis of C. auratus skin, and the outcome of this study contributed to the understanding of mucosal immune response of the skin and molecular markers in cyprinid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bai
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiucai Hu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Aijun Lü
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruixia Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingfeng Sun
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuchen Niu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Runel G, Cario M, Lopez‐Ramirez N, Malbouyres M, Ruggiero F, Bernard L, Puisieux A, Caramel J, Chlasta J, Masse I. Stiffness measurement is a biomarker of skin ageing in vivo. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:1233-1237. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Runel
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon CNRS UMR5286 Inserm U1052 Université Lyon 1 Université de Lyon Lyon France
- BioMeca Lyon France
| | - Muriel Cario
- Inserm 1035 University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France
| | - Noémie Lopez‐Ramirez
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon CNRS UMR5286 Inserm U1052 Université Lyon 1 Université de Lyon Lyon France
| | - Marilyne Malbouyres
- ENS de Lyon, CNRS Université Lyon 1 Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon UMR 5242 Université Lyon Lyon Cedex 07 France
| | - Florence Ruggiero
- ENS de Lyon, CNRS Université Lyon 1 Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon UMR 5242 Université Lyon Lyon Cedex 07 France
| | - Laure Bernard
- ENS de Lyon, CNRS Université Lyon 1 Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon UMR 5242 Université Lyon Lyon Cedex 07 France
- SFR Biosciences, ENS de Lyon Inserm US8 CNRS UMS3444 Univ Lyon Lyon France
| | - Alain Puisieux
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon CNRS UMR5286 Inserm U1052 Université Lyon 1 Université de Lyon Lyon France
| | - Julie Caramel
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon CNRS UMR5286 Inserm U1052 Université Lyon 1 Université de Lyon Lyon France
| | | | - Ingrid Masse
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon CNRS UMR5286 Inserm U1052 Université Lyon 1 Université de Lyon Lyon France
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43
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Escribano MP, Ramos-Pinto L, Fernández-Boo S, Afonso A, Costas B, Guardiola FA. Mucosal immune responses in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles after Tenacibaculum maritimum challenge: A comparative study between ocular and blind sides. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:92-100. [PMID: 32492465 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Most pathogens start the process of infection at the mucosal surfaces and therefore the mucosal immune response plays an essential role in the course of the infection. Due to the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup) condition of flatfish, the present comparative study aimed to analyse several immune-related enzymes as well as the bactericidal activity in the skin mucus from ocular and blind sides. For this purpose, Senegalese sole juveniles were bath challenged with a sub-lethal dose of Tenacibaculum maritimum for 24 h and sampled at 1, 2 and 3 weeks. The haematological profile and immune-related parameters were also measured in plasma in order to evaluate the systemic immune response after T. maritimum challenge. Results from this study showed that most parameters tested increased in skin mucus of bath challenged fish compared to unchallenged ones. In contrast, the sub-lethal dose tested did not influence the haematological profile including peripheral numbers the different leucocyte types. No variations were observed in plasma lysozyme, peroxidase, protease and haemolytic complement activities between unchallenged and bath challenged fish. This study suggests that the studied innate immune-related molecules are constitutively present in both skin mucus sides but at different levels. Interestingly, the levels of most parameters measured were higher on the ocular side than on the blind side, possibly due to the higher exposure to invasion by waterborne microorganisms on this side. Therefore, the present study brings some insights regarding local immune responses after bacterial challenge in skin mucus from the ocular and blind sides in one of the most valuable flatfish species in southern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Escribano
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Ramos-Pinto
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Fernández-Boo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Afonso
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - B Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - F A Guardiola
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal; Department of Cell Biology and Histology. Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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44
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Doane MP, Morris MM, Papudeshi B, Allen L, Pande D, Haggerty JM, Johri S, Turnlund AC, Peterson M, Kacev D, Nosal A, Ramirez D, Hovel K, Ledbetter J, Alker A, Avalos J, Baker K, Bhide S, Billings E, Byrum S, Clemens M, Demery AJ, Lima LFO, Gomez O, Gutierrez O, Hinton S, Kieu D, Kim A, Loaiza R, Martinez A, McGhee J, Nguyen K, Parlan S, Pham A, Price-Waldman R, Edwards RA, Dinsdale EA. The skin microbiome of elasmobranchs follows phylosymbiosis, but in teleost fishes, the microbiomes converge. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:93. [PMID: 32534596 PMCID: PMC7293782 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vertebrate clade diverged into Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays, and chimeras) and Osteichthyes fishes (bony fishes) approximately 420 mya, with each group accumulating vast anatomical and physiological differences, including skin properties. The skin of Chondrichthyes fishes is covered in dermal denticles, whereas Osteichthyes fishes are covered in scales and are mucous rich. The divergence time among these two fish groups is hypothesized to result in predictable variation among symbionts. Here, using shotgun metagenomics, we test if patterns of diversity in the skin surface microbiome across the two fish clades match predictions made by phylosymbiosis theory. We hypothesize (1) the skin microbiome will be host and clade-specific, (2) evolutionary difference in elasmobranch and teleost will correspond with a concomitant increase in host-microbiome dissimilarity, and (3) the skin structure of the two groups will affect the taxonomic and functional composition of the microbiomes. RESULTS We show that the taxonomic and functional composition of the microbiomes is host-specific. Teleost fish had lower average microbiome within clade similarity compared to among clade comparison, but their composition is not different among clade in a null based model. Elasmobranch's average similarity within clade was not different than across clade and not different in a null based model of comparison. In the comparison of host distance with microbiome distance, we found that the taxonomic composition of the microbiome was related to host distance for the elasmobranchs, but not the teleost fishes. In comparison, the gene function composition was not related to the host-organism distance for elasmobranchs but was negatively correlated with host distance for teleost fishes. CONCLUSION Our results show the patterns of phylosymbiosis are not consistent across both fish clades, with the elasmobranchs showing phylosymbiosis, while the teleost fish are not. The discrepancy may be linked to alternative processes underpinning microbiome assemblage, including possible historical host-microbiome evolution of the elasmobranchs and convergent evolution in the teleost which filter specific microbial groups. Our comparison of the microbiomes among fishes represents an investigation into the microbial relationships of the oldest divergence of extant vertebrate hosts and reveals that microbial relationships are not consistent across evolutionary timescales. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Doane
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Megan M Morris
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Bhavya Papudeshi
- National Center for Genome Analysis Support, Indiana University, San Diego, Indiana, USA
| | - Lauren Allen
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dnyanada Pande
- Computer Sciences Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - John M Haggerty
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shaili Johri
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Abigail C Turnlund
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queens, USA
| | | | - Dovi Kacev
- Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andy Nosal
- Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Environmental and Ocean Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Deni Ramirez
- Whale Shark Mexico, ConCiencia Mexico AC, La Paz, BC, USA
| | - Kevin Hovel
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Julia Ledbetter
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Alker
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jackeline Avalos
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kristi Baker
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shruti Bhide
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Emma Billings
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Steven Byrum
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Molly Clemens
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Oscar Gomez
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Omar Gutierrez
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Selena Hinton
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Donald Kieu
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Angie Kim
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rebeca Loaiza
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Jordan McGhee
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kristine Nguyen
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sabrina Parlan
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Pham
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rosalyn Price-Waldman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Robert A Edwards
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Dinsdale
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
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45
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Sigot V, Cabral Filho PE, Sampedro MF, Santos BS, Fontes A. Anionic Quantum Dots reveal actin-microridges in zebrafish epidermis. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2020; 8:035007. [PMID: 32380481 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ab9124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Enhancement of hydrophilicity and functionalization of CdTe QDs (Quantum Dots) via surface modifications have made them suitable to be used as specific probes for cell imaging. Applications for targeting cell surfaces have been widely demonstrated in vitro but their use in animal models is not trivial. Here, we reported the interaction of mercaptosuccinic-coated (MSA) CdTe QDs with the epidermis of living and Carnoy-fixed zebrafish embryos. QDs concentrate along adherent junctions and reveal the characteristic pattern of actin microridges at the apical surface of the enveloping layer. In our study, labeling with anionic QDs is attained within few minutes at submicromolar concentrations in whole mounted Carnoy-fixed zebrafish embryos, providing a faster approach compared with immunodetection or standard Phalloidin staining of actin for visualization by fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Sigot
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos (UNER), Oro Verde, Argentina. Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Bioingeniería y Bioinformática (IBB-CONICET-UNER), Dependiente de CCT-Santa Fe, Argentina
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Effect of light on the calretinin and calbindin expression in skin club cells of adult zebrafish. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:495-505. [PMID: 32435910 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01883-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, zebrafish has been used as a model for the study of several human skin diseases. The epidermis of Danio rerio is composed of keratinocytes and two types of secretory cells: mucous cells and club cells. Club cells have multiple biological functions and among them may be important in the protection against ultraviolet damage through the proliferative response or through the increased production of protective substances. Calcium-binding proteins such as calbindin D28K and calretinin are used as markers of nervous and enteric nervous systems, but they are present in numerous other cells. These proteins are involved in a wide variety of cell activities, such as cytoskeletal organization, cell motility and differentiation, cell cycle regulation and neuroprotective function. In this study we demonstrated, for the first time, the presence of calretinin and calbindin D28K in skin club cells of Danio rerio exposed to different wavelengths by immunohistochemistry analysis. Exposure to white-blue light and blue light causes the expression and colocalization of calbindin-D28K and calretinin. These proteins were moderately expressed and no colocalization was observed in the club cells of the control fish. In zebrafish exposed to continuous darkness for 10 days, in the club cells the two antibodies did not detect any proteins specifically. These results demonstrate that calbindin and calretinin could be involved in the pathophysiology of skin injury due to exposure to short-wavelength visible light spectrums.
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Insights regarding skin regeneration in non-amniote vertebrates: Skin regeneration without scar formation and potential step-up to a higher level of regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 100:109-121. [PMID: 31831357 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skin wounds are among the most common injuries in animals and humans. Vertebrate skin is composed of an epidermis and dermis. After a deep skin injury in mammals, the wound heals, but the dermis cannot regenerate. Instead, collagenous scar tissue forms to fill the gap in the dermis, but the scar does not function like the dermis and often causes disfiguration. In contrast, in non-amniote vertebrates, including fish and amphibians, the dermis and skin derivatives are regenerated after a deep skin injury, without a recognizable scar remaining. Furthermore, skin regeneration can be compared with a higher level of organ regeneration represented by limb regeneration in these non-amniotes, as fish, anuran amphibians (frogs and toads), and urodele amphibians (newts and salamanders) have a high capacity for organ regeneration. Comparative studies of skin regeneration together with limb or other organ regeneration could reveal how skin regeneration is stepped up to a higher level of regeneration. The long history of regenerative biology research has revealed that fish, anurans, and urodeles have their own strengths as models for regeneration studies, and excellent model organisms of these non-amniote vertebrates that are suitable for molecular genetic studies are now available. Here, we summarize the advantages of fish, anurans, and urodeles for skin regeneration studies with special reference to three model organisms: zebrafish (Danio rerio), African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), and Iberian ribbed newt (Pleurodele waltl). All three of these animals quickly cover skin wounds with the epidermis (wound epidermis formation) and regenerate the dermis and skin derivatives as adults. The availability of whole genome sequences, transgenesis, and genome editing with these models enables cell lineage tracing and the use of human disease models in skin regeneration phenomena, for example. Zebrafish present particular advantages in genetics research (e.g., human disease model and Cre-loxP system). Amphibians (X. laevis and P. waltl) have a skin structure (keratinized epidermis) common with humans, and skin regeneration in these animals can be stepped up to limb regeneration, a higher level of regeneration.
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48
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Bunnoy A, Na-Nakorn U, Srisapoome P. Probiotic Effects of a Novel Strain, Acinetobacter KU011TH, on the Growth Performance, Immune Responses, and Resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila of Bighead Catfish ( Clarias macrocephalus Günther, 1864). Microorganisms 2019; 7:E613. [PMID: 31775350 PMCID: PMC6955779 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the novel probiotic strain Acinetobacter KU011TH with an evident lack of pathogenicity in catfish was experimented. Three practical administration routes, namely, feed additive (FD), water-soluble additive (SOL), and a combination route (FD+SOL), were applied in two sizes of catfish. After 120 days of FD+SOL administration, catfish fingerlings (15 g) exhibited a significant improvement in all tested growth performance parameters. For 15- and 30-day applications at the juvenile stage (150 g), phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, lysozyme activity, respiratory burst activity, alternative complement pathway, and bactericidal activity were significantly increased. Furthermore, probiotic-administered bighead catfish exhibited an upregulated expression of several immune-related genes in tested organs. Significant colonization by Acinetobacter KU011TH in rearing water and on skin and gills was observed among experimental groups. Histological analysis clearly indicated enhanced physical characteristics of skin mucosal immunity in the treated groups. No histopathological changes in the gills, skin, intestine or liver were observed among the fish groups. Interestingly, after challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila, the survival rates of the treated groups were significantly higher than those of the controls. In conclusion, the novel probiont Acinetobacter KU011TH provides a potent strategy for improvement in growth and disease resistance, which is an important steppingstone for sustaining catfish aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurak Bunnoy
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Uthairat Na-Nakorn
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetics, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Prapansak Srisapoome
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
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49
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Wang R, Hu X, Lü A, Liu R, Sun J, Sung YY, Song Y. Transcriptome analysis in the skin of Carassius auratus challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:510-516. [PMID: 31541778 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Skin plays an important role in the innate immune responses of fish, particularly towards bacterial infection. To understand the molecular mechanism of mucosal immunity of fish during bacterial challenge, a de novo transcriptome assembly of crucian carp Carassius auratus skin upon Aeromonas hydrophila infection was performed, the latter with Illumina Hiseq 2000 platform. A total of 118111 unigenes were generated and of these, 9693 and 8580 genes were differentially expressed at 6 and 12 h post-infection, respectively. The validity of the transcriptome results of eleven representative genes was verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. A comparison with the transcriptome profiling of zebrafish skin to A. hydrophila with regards to the mucosal immune responses revealed similarities in the complement system, chemokines, heat shock proteins and the acute-phase response. GO and KEGG enrichment pathway analyses displayed the significant immune responses included TLR, MAPK, JAK-STAT, phagosome and three infection-related pathways (ie., Salmonella, Vibrio cholerae and pathogenic Escherichia coli) in skin. To our knowledge, this study is the first to describe the transcriptome analysis of C. auratus skin during A. hydrophila infection. The outcome of this study contributed to the understanding of the mucosal defense mechanisms in cyprinid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Wang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Xiucai Hu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Aijun Lü
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Jingfeng Sun
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yeong Yik Sung
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China; Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Yajiao Song
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
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50
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Lau CS, Hassanbhai A, Wen F, Wang D, Chanchareonsook N, Goh BT, Yu N, Teoh SH. Evaluation of decellularized tilapia skin as a tissue engineering scaffold. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1779-1791. [PMID: 31278852 DOI: 10.1002/term.2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized bovine and porcine tissues have been used as scaffolds to support tissue regeneration but inherit religious restrictions and risks of disease transmission to humans. Decellularized marine tissues are seen as attractive alternatives due to their similarity to mammalian tissues, reduced biological risks, and less religious restrictions. The aim of this study was to derive an acellular scaffold from the skin of tilapia and evaluate its suitability as a tissue engineering scaffold. Tilapia skin was treated with a series of chemical and enzymatic treatments to remove cellular materials. The decellularized tilapia skin (DTS) was then characterized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo to assess its biological compatibility. The results indicated that the decellularization process removed 99.6% of the DNA content from tilapia skin. The resultant DTS was shown to possess a high denaturation temperature of 68.1 ± 1.0°C and a high Young's modulus of 56.2 ± 14.4 MPa. The properties of DTS were also compared against those of crosslinked electrospun tilapia collagen membrane, another form of tilapia-derived collagen scaffold. In vitro studies revealed that both DTS and crosslinked electrospun tilapia collagen promoted cellular metabolic activity, differentiation, and mineralization of murine preosteogenic MC3T3-E1 cells. The rat calvarial defect model was used to evaluate the in vivo performance of the scaffolds, and both scaffolds did not induce hyperacute rejections. Furthermore, they enhanced bone regeneration in the critical defect compared with the sham control. This study suggests that tilapia-derived scaffolds have great potential in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau Sang Lau
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Academic Clinical Program (Research), National Dental Centre of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ammar Hassanbhai
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Feng Wen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Dongan Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Nattharee Chanchareonsook
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Oral Health Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bee Tin Goh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Oral Health Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Oral Health Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Swee-Hin Teoh
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore
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