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Galgoczi E, Molnar Z, Katko M, Ujhelyi B, Steiber Z, Nagy EV. Cyclosporin A inhibits PDGF-BB induced hyaluronan synthesis in orbital fibroblasts. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 396:111045. [PMID: 38729283 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Orbital connective tissue changes are contributors to the pathogenesis in thyroid eye disease (TED). Activated fibroblasts respond to immune stimuli with proliferation and increased hyaluronan (HA) production. Cyclosporin A (CsA) was reported to be beneficial in the treatment of TED. PDGF isoforms are increased in orbital tissue of TED patients and enhance HA production. We aimed to study the effect of CsA on HA production and hyaluronan synthase (HAS1, 2 and 3) and hyaluronidase (HYAL1 and 2) mRNA expressions in orbital fibroblasts (OFs). Measurements were performed in the presence or absence of CsA (10 μM) in unstimulated or PDGF-BB (10 ng/ml) stimulated OFs. The HA production of TED OFs (n = 7) and NON-TED OFs (n = 6) were measured by ELISA. The levels of mRNA expressions were examined using RT-PCR. The proliferation rate and metabolic activity were measured by BrdU incorporation and MTT assays, respectively. Treatment with CsA resulted in an average 42% decrease in HA production of OFs (p < 0.0001). CsA decreased the expression levels of HAS2, HAS3 and HYAL2 (p = 0.005, p = 0.005 and p = 0.002, respectively.) PDGF-BB increased HA production (p < 0.001) and HAS2 expression (p = 0.004). CsA could reduce the PDGF-BB-stimulated HA production (p < 0.001) and HAS2 expression (p = 0.005) below the untreated level. In addition, CsA treatment caused a decrease in proliferation potential (p = 0.002) and metabolic activity (p < 0.0001). These findings point to the fact that CsA affects HA metabolism via HAS2, HAS3 and HYAL2 inhibition in OFs. In addition to its well characterized immunosuppressant properties, CsA's beneficial effect in TED may be related to its direct inhibitory effect on basal and growth factor stimulated HA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Galgoczi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary.
| | - Zsanett Molnar
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary.
| | - Monika Katko
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary.
| | - Bernadett Ujhelyi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary.
| | - Zita Steiber
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary.
| | - Endre V Nagy
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary.
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2
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Flori E, Mosca S, Kovacs D, Briganti S, Ottaviani M, Mastrofrancesco A, Truglio M, Picardo M. Skin Anti-Inflammatory Potential with Reduced Side Effects of Novel Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:267. [PMID: 38203435 PMCID: PMC10778823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly used in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, although the balance between therapeutic benefits and side effects is still crucial in clinical practice. One of the major and well-known adverse effects of topical GCs is cutaneous atrophy, which seems to be related to the activation of the glucorticoid receptor (GR) genomic pathway. Dissociating anti-inflammatory activity from atrophogenicity represents an important goal to achieve, in order to avoid side effects on keratinocytes and fibroblasts, known target cells of GC action. To this end, we evaluated the biological activity and safety profile of two novel chemical compounds, DE.303 and KL.202, developed as non-transcriptionally acting GR ligands. In primary keratinocytes, both compounds demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties inhibiting NF-κB activity, downregulating inflammatory cytokine release and interfering with pivotal signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory process. Of note, these beneficial actions were not associated with GC-related atrophic effects: treatments of primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts with DE.303 and KL.202 did not induce, contrarily to dexamethasone-a known potent GC-alterations in extracellular matrix components and lipid synthesis, thus confirming their safety profile. These data provide the basis for evaluating these compounds as effective alternatives to the currently used GCs in managing inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Flori
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (D.K.); (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Sarah Mosca
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (D.K.); (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Daniela Kovacs
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (D.K.); (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Stefania Briganti
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (D.K.); (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Monica Ottaviani
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (D.K.); (S.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Microbiology and Virology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Mauro Truglio
- Microbiology and Virology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy;
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Buhren BA, Schrumpf H, Gorges K, Reiners O, Bölke E, Fischer JW, Homey B, Gerber PA. Dose- and time-dependent effects of hyaluronidase on structural cells and the extracellular matrix of the skin. Eur J Med Res 2020; 25:60. [PMID: 33228813 PMCID: PMC7686775 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-020-00460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan; HA) is an essential component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the skin. The HA-degrading enzyme hyaluronidase (HYAL) is critically involved in the HA-metabolism. Yet, only little information is available regarding the skin’s HA–HYAL interactions on the molecular and cellular levels. Objective To analyze the dose- and time-dependent molecular and cellular effects of HYAL on structural cells and the HA-metabolism in the skin. Materials and methods Chip-based, genome-wide expression analyses (Affymetrix® GeneChip PrimeView™ Human Gene Expression Array), quantitative real-time PCR analyses, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry (DAB), and in vitro wound healing assays were performed to assess dose-dependent and time-kinetic effects of HA and HYAL (bovine hyaluronidase, Hylase “Dessau”) on normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF), primary human keratinocytes in vitro and human skin samples ex vivo. Results Genome-wide expression analyses revealed an upregulation of HA synthases (HAS) up to 1.8-fold change in HA- and HYAL-treated NHDF. HA and HYAL significantly accelerated wound closure in an in vitro model for cutaneous wound healing. HYAL induced HAS1 and HAS2 mRNA gene expression in NHDF. Interestingly, low concentrations of HYAL (0.015 U/ml) resulted in a significantly higher induction of HAS compared to moderate (0.15 and 1.5 U/ml) and high concentrations (15 U/ml) of HYAL. This observation corresponded to increased concentrations of HA measured by ELISA in conditioned supernatants of HYAL-treated NHDF with the highest concentrations observed for 0.015 U/ml of HYAL. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis of human skin samples incubated with HYAL for up to 48 h ex vivo demonstrated that low concentrations of HYAL (0.015 U/ml) led to a pronounced accumulation of HA, whereas high concentrations of HYAL (15 U/ml) reduced dermal HA-levels. Conclusion HYAL is a bioactive enzyme that exerts multiple effects on the HA-metabolism as well as on the structural cells of the skin. Our results indicate that HYAL promotes wound healing and exerts a dose-dependent induction of HA-synthesis in structural cells of the skin. Herein, interestingly the most significant induction of HAS and HA were observed for the lowest concentration of HYAL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holger Schrumpf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Gorges
- Department of Pharmacology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiners
- Department of Pharmacology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Edwin Bölke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Department of Pharmacology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Arne Gerber
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany. .,Dermatologie am Luegplatz, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Yoshida H, Okada Y. Role of HYBID (Hyaluronan Binding Protein Involved in Hyaluronan Depolymerization), Alias KIAA1199/CEMIP, in Hyaluronan Degradation in Normal and Photoaged Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225804. [PMID: 31752258 PMCID: PMC6888145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoaged skin is characterized clinically by apparent manifestations such as wrinkles and sagging, and histologically by an accumulation of abnormal elastin and a severe loss of collagen fibers in the dermis. Quantitative and qualitative alterations in elastin and collagens are considered to be responsible for the formation of wrinkles and sagging. However, since the integrity of elastin and collagen fibers in the dermis is maintained by their interactions with hyaluronan (HA) and a proteoglycan network structure, HA degradation may be the initial process, prior to the breakdown of the fibrillary components, leading to wrinkles and sagging in photoaged skin. We have recently discovered a new HA-degrading mechanism mediated by HYBID (hyaluronan binding protein involved in hyaluronan depolymerization), alias KIAA1199/CEMIP, in human skin fibroblasts, and examined the implication of HYBID for skin photoaging. In this review, we give an overview of the characteristics of HYBID and its prospective roles in HA turnover in normal skin and excessive HA degradation in photoaged skin. In addition, we describe our data on the inhibition of HYBID activity and expression by plant extracts in skin fibroblasts; and propose novel strategies to prevent or improve photoaging symptoms, such as skin wrinkling, by inhibition of HYBID-mediated HA degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yoshida
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 3-28, 5-chome, Kotobuki-cho, Odawara-shi, Kanagawa 250-0002, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (Y.O.); Tel.: +81-465-34-6116 (H.Y.); +81-3-5800-7531 (Y.O.); Fax: +81-465-34-3037 (H.Y.); +81-3-5800-7532 (Y.O.)
| | - Yasunori Okada
- Department of Pathophysiology for Locomotive and Neoplastic Diseases, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (Y.O.); Tel.: +81-465-34-6116 (H.Y.); +81-3-5800-7531 (Y.O.); Fax: +81-465-34-3037 (H.Y.); +81-3-5800-7532 (Y.O.)
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5
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Novel 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibitors reduce cortisol levels in keratinocytes and improve dermal collagen content in human ex vivo skin after exposure to cortisone and UV. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171079. [PMID: 28152550 PMCID: PMC5289826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity and selectivity assessment of new bi-aryl amide 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitors, prepared in a modular manner via Suzuki cross-coupling, are described. Several compounds inhibiting 11β-HSD1 at nanomolar concentrations were identified. Compounds 2b, 3e, 7b and 12e were shown to selectively inhibit 11β-HSD1 over 11β-HSD2, 17β-HSD1 and 17β-HSD2. These inhibitors also potently inhibited 11β-HSD1 activity in intact HEK-293 cells expressing the recombinant enzyme and in intact primary human keratinocytes expressing endogenous 11β-HSD1. Moreover, compounds 2b, 3e and 12e were tested for their activity in human skin biopsies. They were able to prevent, at least in part, both the cortisone- and the UV-mediated decreases in collagen content. Thus, inhibition of 11β-HSD1 by these compounds can be further investigated to delay or prevent UV-mediated skin damage and skin aging.
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6
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Aya KL, Stern R. Hyaluronan in wound healing: rediscovering a major player. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 22:579-93. [PMID: 25039417 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing involves a series of carefully modulated steps, from initial injury and blood clot to the final reconstituted tissue or scar. A dynamic reciprocity exists throughout between the wound, blood elements, extracellular matrix, and cells that participate in healing. Multiple cytokines and signal transduction pathways regulate these reactions. A major component throughout most of the process is hyaluronan, a straight-chain carbohydrate extracellular matrix polymer. Hyaluronan occurs in multiple forms, chain length being the only distinguishing characteristic between them. Levels of hyaluronan in its high-molecular-weight form are prominent in the earliest stages of wound repair. Progressively more fragmented forms occur in a manner not previously appreciated. We outline here steps in the wound healing cascade in which hyaluronan participates, as well as providing a review of its metabolism. Although described by necessity in a series of quantum steps, the healing process is constituted by a smooth continuum of overlapping reactions. The prevalence of hyaluronan in the wound (initially termed "hexosamine-containing mucopolysaccharide"), particularly in its early stages, was pointed out over half a century ago by the Harvard surgeon J. Engelbert Dunphy. It appears we are now returning to where we started.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kessiena L Aya
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York, New York
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7
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van Drielen K, Gunn DA, Noordam R, Griffiths CEM, Westendorp RGJ, de Craen AJM, van Heemst D. Disentangling the effects of circulating IGF-1, glucose, and cortisol on features of perceived age. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:9771. [PMID: 25874752 PMCID: PMC4397216 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Circulatory levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), glucose, and cortisol have been previously associated with facial aging. However, as these serum measures are related, it is unclear whether their associations with skin aging occur independently from each other. We aimed to investigate whether the associations between serum IGF-1, glucose, and cortisol levels and perceived age/wrinkle grade occur independently of each other and whether these are mediated via skin wrinkling or via other skin aging features. Perceived age and skin wrinkling grade were assessed in a random sample from the Leiden Longevity Study with non-fasted (N = 579) and fasted blood sampling (N = 219). In our study population, a higher non-fasted IGF-1 level was associated with a lower skin wrinkling grade (p value = 0.014) and tended to associate with a lower perceived age (p value = 0.067), which was mediated for approximately 100 % by skin wrinkling. A higher non-fasted glucose level was associated with a higher perceived age (p value = 0.017), which was mediated for 51 % by skin wrinkling grade (p value = 0.112). A higher fasted cortisol level tended to associate with a higher perceived age (p value = 0.116), which was mediated for 29 % by skin wrinkling. Results remained similar when the serum measures were statistically adjusted for each other. Thus, the previously reported serum measures associate independently from each other with skin aging. IGF-1 is predominantly associated with perceived age by skin wrinkling, whereas cortisol and glucose also by other skin aging features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly van Drielen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David A. Gunn
- Unilever Discover, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK
- Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rudi G. J. Westendorp
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leyden Academy on Vitality and Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J. M. de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
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8
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Abstract
The fate of both endogenous and transplanted stem cells is dependent on the functional status of the regulatory local microenvironment, which is compromised by disease and therapeutic intervention. The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is a critical component of the hematopoietic microenvironment. We summarize recent advances in our understanding of the role of HA in regulating mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelium in bone marrow (BM) and their crosstalk within the hematopoietic microenvironment. HA not only determines the volume, hydration, and microfluidics of the BM interstitial space, but also, via interactions with specific receptors, regulates multiple cell functions including differentiation, migration, and production of regulatory factors. The effects of HA are dependent on the polymer size and are influenced by the formation of complexes with other molecules. In healthy BM, HA synthases and hyaluronidases form a molecular network that maintains extracellular HA levels within a discrete physiological window, but HA homeostasis is often perturbed in pathological conditions, including hematological malignancies. Recent studies have suggested that HA synthases may have functions beyond HA production and contribute to the intracellular regulatory machinery. We discuss a possible role for HA synthases, intracellular and extracellular HA in the malignant BM microenvironment, and resistance to therapy.
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9
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Deshpande M, Papp S, Schaffer L, Pouyani T. Hydrocortisone and triiodothyronine regulate hyaluronate synthesis in a tissue-engineered human dermal equivalent through independent pathways. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 119:226-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Anderegg U, Simon JC, Averbeck M. More than just a filler - the role of hyaluronan for skin homeostasis. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:295-303. [PMID: 24628940 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, hyaluronan (HA) has become an increasingly attractive substance as a non-immunogenic filler and scaffolding material in cosmetic dermatology. Despite its wide use for skin augmentation and rejuvenation, relatively little is known about the molecular structures and interacting proteins of HA in normal and diseased skin. However, a comprehensive understanding of cutaneous HA homeostasis is required for future the development of HA-based applications for skin regeneration. This review provides an update on HA-based structures, expression, metabolism and its regulation, function and pharmacological targeting of HA in skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Schoepe S, Schäcke H, Asadullah K. Test systems for the determination of glucocorticoid receptor ligand induced skin atrophy. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/derm.15065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Norsgaard H, Kurdykowski S, Descargues P, Gonzalez T, Marstrand T, Dünstl G, Røpke M. Calcipotriol counteracts betamethasone-induced decrease in extracellular matrix components related to skin atrophy. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 306:719-29. [PMID: 25027750 PMCID: PMC4168021 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate fixed-combination gel is widely used for topical treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. It has been hypothesized that calcipotriol counteracts glucocorticoid-induced skin atrophy which is associated with changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM). To elucidate the combined effects of calcipotriol and betamethasone on key ECM components, a comparative study to the respective mono-treatments was carried out. The effect on collagen I synthesis, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion, and hyaluronic acid (HA) production was investigated in primary human fibroblast and keratinocyte cultures as well as in a human skin explant model. We show that calcipotriol counteracts betamethasone-induced suppression of collagen I synthesis. Similarly, calcipotriol and betamethasone have opposing effects on MMP expression in both fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Moreover, calcipotriol is able to restore betamethasone-impaired HA synthesis in keratinocytes and prevent betamethasone-induced epidermal thinning in minipigs upon treatment with the calcipotriol/betamethasone gel. In summary, our results show for the first time in primary human skin cultures that calcipotriol reduces early signs of betamethasone-induced skin atrophy by modulation of key ECM components. These results indicate that the calcipotriol component of the fixed-combination gel counteracts the atrophogenic effects of betamethasone on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Norsgaard
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, Ballerup, Denmark,
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13
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Terao M, Tani M, Itoi S, Yoshimura T, Hamasaki T, Murota H, Katayama I. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 specific inhibitor increased dermal collagen content and promotes fibroblast proliferation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93051. [PMID: 24667799 PMCID: PMC3965512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are one of the most effective anti-inflammatory drugs for treating acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. However, several studies have shown that GCs alter collagen metabolism in the skin and induce skin atrophy. Cortisol is the endogenous GC that is released in response to various stressors. Over the last decade, extraadrenal cortisol production in various tissues has been reported. Skin also synthesizes cortisol through a de novo pathway and through an activating enzyme. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of hormonally inactive cortisone to active cortisol in cells. We previously found that 11β-HSD1 negatively regulates proliferation of keratinocytes. To determine the function of 11β-HSD1 in dermal fibroblasts and collagen metabolism, the effect of a selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor was studied in mouse tissues and dermal fibroblasts. The expression of 11β-HSD1 increased with age in mouse skin. Subcutaneous injection of a selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitor increased dermal thickness and collagen content in the mouse skin. In vitro, proliferation of dermal fibroblasts derived from 11β-HSD1 null mice (Hsd11b1−/− mice) was significantly increased compared with fibroblasts from wild-type mice. However, in vivo, dermal thickness of Hsd11b1−/− mice was not altered in 3-month-old and 1-year-old mouse skin compared with wild-type mouse skin. These in vivo findings suggest the presence of compensatory mechanisms in Hsd11b1−/− mice. Our findings suggest that 11β-HSD1 inhibition may reverse the decreased collagen content observed in intrinsically and extrinsically aged skin and in skin atrophy that is induced by GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Terao
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Mamori Tani
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Saori Itoi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuji Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Reproductive Engineering, The Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Hamasaki
- Department of Biomedical Statistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Murota
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Katayama
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Deshpande M, Papp S, Schaffer L, Pouyani T. Hydrocortisone effect on hyaluronate synthesis in a self-assembled human dermal equivalent. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:E316-E326. [PMID: 23955878 DOI: 10.1002/term.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Human dermal matrix is a 'self-assembled' dermal equivalent containing large amounts of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid (hyaluronate, hyaluronan, HA). We sought to investigate the actions of the hormone hydrocortisone on hyaluronate synthesis in the human dermal matrix. To this end, human dermal fibroblasts were cultured under serum-free conditions, and in the absence of a three-dimensional matrix, in the presence of varying amounts of hydrocortisone. The resultant human dermal matrices were characterized. We report that low concentrations of hydrocortisone enhance hyaluronate synthesis in the human dermal equivalent and higher concentrations cause inhibition of hyaluronate synthesis. Other glycosaminoglycan (chondroitin sulphate) synthesis is not affected by changing hydrocortisone concentrations up to 500× (200 µg/ml) of the base value. In order to gain preliminary insight into the molecular mechanism of hyaluronate inhibition, a differential gene array analysis was conducted of human dermal matrix grown in the presence of 200 µg/ml hydrocortisone and in a physiological concentration (0.4 µg/ml, normal conditions). The results of these experiments demonstrate the differential expression of 43 genes in the 500× (200 µg/ml) hydrocortisone construct as compared to the construct grown under normal conditions (0.4 µg/ml hydrocortisone). These preliminary experiments suggest that hydrocortisone at higher concentrations may exert its inhibitory effect on hyaluronate synthesis early in the glycolytic pathway, leading to HA biosynthesis by downregulation of phosphoglucomutase and glucose phosphate isomerase, possibly leading to depletion of the cellular pool of UDP-sugar precursors necessary for HA synthesis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Deshpande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suzanne Papp
- DNA Array Core Facility, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lana Schaffer
- DNA Array Core Facility, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tara Pouyani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Tacrolimus fails to regulate collagen expression in dermal fibroblasts. J Surg Res 2013; 184:678-90. [PMID: 23647800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of tacrolimus on human fibroblasts derived from unwounded skin, hypertrophic scars (HTS), and keloids. We hypothesized that tacrolimus, a potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant drug known to attenuate solid organ transplant fibrosis, would block collagen expression in human dermal fibroblasts. METHODS We performed genomewide microarray analysis on human dermal fibroblasts treated with tacrolimus in vitro. We used principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering to identify targets regulated by tacrolimus. We performed quantitative polymerase chain reaction to validate the effect of tacrolimus on collagen 1 and 3 expression. RESULTS We identified 62, 136, and 185 gene probes on microarray analysis that were significantly regulated (P < 0.05) by tacrolimus in normal, HTS, and keloid fibroblasts, respectively. Collagen pathways were not blocked after tacrolimus exposure in any of the fibroblast groups; we validated these findings using quantitative polymerase chain reaction for collagen 1 and 3. Microarray gene expression of NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H3-2H9 were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05) by tacrolimus in both HTS and keloid fibroblast populations but not normal fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Tacrolimus does not modulate the expression of collagen 1 or 3 in human dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Microarray gene expression of NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 1 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H3-2H9 are blocked by tacrolimus in pathologic fibroblasts but not normal fibroblasts, and may represent novel genes underlying HTS and keloid pathogenesis. Tacrolimus-based anti-fibrotics might prove more effective if non-fibroblast populations such as inflammatory cells and keratinocytes are targeted.
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16
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Lemos MC, Correr WR, da Silva de Avó LR, Germano CMR, Kurachi C, Polikarpov I, Melo DG. Fluorescence spectroscopy as a tool to detect and evaluate glucocorticoid-induced skin atrophy. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 27:1059-65. [PMID: 22249456 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-011-1045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Topical glucocorticoid (GC) therapy has been successfully used in the treatment of several common cutaneous diseases in clinical practice for a long time, and skin atrophy is one of the most typical cutaneous side effects of this therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of noninvasive fluorescence spectroscopy (FS) technique in the detection and classification of GC-induced skin atrophy. A total of 20 male Wistar rats were used in the experimental protocol under controlled environmental conditions and with free access to food. One group received topical application of clobetasol propionate 0.05% for 14 days to induce cutaneous atrophy (atrophic group) and the other (control) group received only vehicle application following the same protocol and schedule. Histological analyses and FS measurements with laser excitation at both 532 nm and 408 nm were obtained on days 1 and 15. The FS results were classified as "normal" or "atrophic" according by histological analysis. Fluorescence spectra obtained with excitation at 408 nm allowed a clear distinction between the control and atrophic groups, and were more informative than the those obtained at 532 nm. Our results reveal that, if correctly applied, FS allows noninvasive evaluation of corticosteroid-induced skin atrophy, and thus represents an important step towards better monitoring of undesirable side effects of cutaneous therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyses Costa Lemos
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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17
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Chain gangs: new aspects of hyaluronan metabolism. Biochem Res Int 2011; 2012:893947. [PMID: 22216413 PMCID: PMC3246691 DOI: 10.1155/2012/893947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan is a matrix polymer prominent in tissues undergoing rapid growth, development, and repair, in embryology and during malignant progression. It reaches 107 Daltons in size but also exists in fragmented forms with size-specific actions. It has intracellular forms whose functions are less well known. Hyaluronan occurs in all vertebrate tissues with 50% present in skin. Hyaluronan provides a scaffold on which sulfated proteoglycans and matrix proteins are organized. These supramolecular structures are able to entrap water and ions to provide tissues with hydration and turgor. Hyaluronan is recognized by membrane receptors that trigger intracellular signaling pathways regulating proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Cell responses are often dependent on polymer size. Catabolic turnover occurs by hyaluronidases and by free radicals, though proportions between these have not been determined. New aspects of hyaluronan biology have recently become realized: involvement in autophagy, in the pathology of diabetes., the ability to modulate immune responses through effects on T regulatory cells and, in its fragmented forms, by being able to engage several toll-like receptors. It is also apparent that hyaluronan synthases and hyaluronidases are regulated at many more levels than previously realized, and that the several hyaluronidases have functions in addition to their enzymatic activities.
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18
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Schoepe S, Schäcke H, Asadullah K. Test systems for the determination of glucocorticoid receptor ligand induced skin atrophy. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2011; 3:175-9. [PMID: 22110776 DOI: 10.4161/derm.3.3.15065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Topical glucocorticoids are highly anti-inflammatory effective but limited by their side effect potential, with skin atrophy being the most prominent one. Thus, determining the atrophogenic potential of novel compounds targeting the glucocorticoid receptor is important. Significant progress in the understanding of glucocorticoid receptor mediated molecular action has been made providing the basis for novel glucocorticoid receptor ligands with a potentially superior effect/side effect profile. Such compounds, however, need to be tested. The present gold standard for the reliable prediction of glucocorticoid induced skin atrophy are still in vivo models, however, in vitro models may replace them to some extent in the future. Indeed, advances in technologies to determine the atrophogenic potential of compounds in vitro has been made recently and promising novel test models like the human full thickness skin models are emerging. Their full predictive value, however, needs to be further evaluated. Currently, a screening approach starting with a combination of several in vitro test systems followed by subsequent testing of the most promising compounds in rodent models is recommended prior entering clinical studies with selected development compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Schoepe
- Target Discovery; Global Drug Discovery; Bayer Schering Pharma AG; Berlin, Germany
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19
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Pratsinis H, Dimozi A, Pilichos K, Tsagarakis S, Yiacoumettis AM, Kletsas D. Previous chronic exogenous glucocorticoid administration in vivo does not affect functional characteristics and cellular lifespan of human skin fibroblasts in vitro. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:529-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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