1
|
Wu Q, Zhong Z, Zhou C, Cao Q, Su G, Yang P. Association of ZC3HAV1 single nucleotide polymorphisms with the susceptibility of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:113. [PMID: 37221558 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms of genes related to the immune response have been reported to confer susceptibility to Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease. This study was carried out to determine whether zinc finger CCCH-type containing antiviral 1 (ZC3HAV1) and tripartite motif-containing protein 25 (TRIM25) genetic polymorphisms are associated with this disease. METHODS A total of 766 VKH patients and 909 healthy individuals were enrolled in this two-stage case-control study. Thirty-one tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ZC3HAV1 and TRIM25 were genotyped by MassARRAY System and iPLEX Gold Genotyping Assay. Allele and genotype frequencies were analyzed by the χ2 test or Fisher's exact test. Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test was used to assess the pooled odds ratio (OR) in the combined study. A stratified analysis was performed in terms of the major clinical features of VKH disease. RESULTS We found a statistically significant increased frequency of the minor A allele of ZC3HAV1 rs7779972 (P = 1.50 × 10- 4, pooled OR = 1.332, 95%CI = 1.149-1.545) in VKH disease as compared with controls by using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test. The GG genotype of rs7779972 showed a protective association with VKH disease (P = 1.88 × 10- 3, OR = 0.733, 95%CI = 0.602-0.892). There was no difference regarding the frequency of the remaining SNPs between VKH cases and controls (all P > 2.08 × 10- 3). The stratified analysis showed no significant association of rs7779972 with the major clinical characteristics of VKH disease. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that the ZC3HAV1 variant rs7779972 might confer susceptibility to VKH disease in Han Chinese.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunya Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology & Optometry, The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qingfeng Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Guannan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jun SL, Sun J, Huo X, Feng Q, Li Y, Xie X, Geng S. Lipopolysaccharide reduces melanin synthesis in vitiligo melanocytes by regulating autophagy. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1579-1585. [PMID: 35733278 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune-related disease with a complex aetiology that involves innate immunity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important parts of innate immunity and are related to a variety of autoimmune diseases, including vitiligo, through an unknown mechanism. In this study, we found that the TLR4 gene expression was increased in blood samples of patients with advanced stage vitiligo, and then we evaluated the effect of TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on melanin synthesis in a vitiligo melanocyte cell line PIG3V and along with its mechanism. LPS suppressed melanin synthesis, downregulated the expression of melanin synthesis-related proteins, and activated autophagy in vitiligo melanocytes. Inhibiting autophagy with 3-methyladenine or chloroquine blocked these effects. This suggests that LPS inhibits skin pigmentation by modulating autophagy, thus providing novel insights into the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Li Jun
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Central Laboratory of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingying Sun
- Central Laboratory of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueping Huo
- Central Laboratory of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Central Laboratory of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- Central Laboratory of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Songmei Geng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Someya S, Uchiyama A, Arai K, Kon K, Yamashina S, Watanabe S, Ikejima K. Gender-specific development of experimental autoimmune cholangitis induced by double-stranded RNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 588:90-96. [PMID: 34953211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we investigated the gender difference in murine cholangitis resembling human primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) caused by synthetic double-stranded RNA, and underlying hepatic innate immune responses. Female C57Bl/6 mice given repeated injections of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) for 24 weeks developed overt cholangitis with positive serum anti-mitochondria-M2 antibody, whereas male mice showed minimal pathological changes without induction in autoantibody. Poly I:C induced hepatic inflammatory cytokines and type-I interferons predominantly in females. Hepatic expression levels of toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and melanoma differentiation-associated protein (MDA) 5 were equivalent in both genders; however, both mRNA and protein levels of retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I were nearly doubled in female livers. Following 4-week injections of poly I:C, not only hepatic RIG-I, but also TLR3 and MDA5 showed female-predominance. Moreover, hepatic RIG-I levels were 25% lower in ovariectomized mice, whereas supplementation of 17 β-estradiol enhanced hepatic RIG-I expression, as well as cytokine induction. These results clearly indicate that hepatic RIG-I expression is potentiated by estrogen, and triggers gender-dependent hepatic innate immune response against double-stranded RNA, which most likely play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune cholangiopathies including PBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunin Someya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Uchiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Arai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunhei Yamashina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumio Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ikejima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou H, He H, Liang R, Pan H, Chen Z, Deng G, Zhang S, Ma Y, Liu L, Cai L. In situ poly I:C released from living cell drug nanocarriers for macrophage-mediated antitumor immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2021; 269:120670. [PMID: 33485214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is one of the most promising approaches to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by activating host immune functions. However, the arising problems such as low immune response caused by complex tumor microenvironment and extremely systemic immune storm still limit the clinical applications of immunotherapy. Here, we construct Poly I: C-encapsulated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLP NPs) with a slow release profile. A biomimetic system (MPLP), which loads PLP NPs on the surface of bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) via the maleimide-thiol conjugation, is synthesized to effectively deliver PLP, control drug release and activate the tumor-specific immune response in situ. The results show that PLP NPs loading does not affect the activity and function of BMDM. Then, BMDM acts as a living cell drug vehicle and promotes the accumulation of PLP NPs in tumors, where Poly I: C is released from PLP NPs and reprograms BMDM into tumoricidal M1 macrophage. Furthermore, MPLP triggers potent antitumor immune responses in vivo and effectively inhibits local and metastatic tumors without causing adverse pathological immune reactions. This study offers an inspiration to facilitate clinical translation through the delivery of drugs by living immune cells for future anticancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science &Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Huamei He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Ruijing Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Hong Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Ze Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Guanjun Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Shengping Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science &Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Yifan Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; HRYZ Biotech Co., Shenzhen, 518057, PR China.
| | - Lanlan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhuhai, 519000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Koike S, Yamasaki K. Melanogenesis Connection with Innate Immunity and Toll-Like Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249769. [PMID: 33371432 PMCID: PMC7767451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermis is located in the outermost layer of the living body and is the place where external stimuli such as ultraviolet rays and microorganisms first come into contact. Melanocytes and melanin play a wide range of roles such as adsorption of metals, thermoregulation, and protection from foreign enemies by camouflage. Pigmentary disorders are observed in diseases associated with immunodeficiency such as Griscelli syndrome, indicating molecular sharing between immune systems and the machineries of pigment formation. Melanocytes express functional toll-like receptors (TLRs), and innate immune stimulation via TLRs affects melanin synthesis and melanosome transport to modulate skin pigmentation. TLR2 enhances melanogenetic gene expression to augment melanogenesis. In contrast, TLR3 increases melanosome transport to transfer to keratinocytes through Rab27A, the responsible molecule of Griscelli syndrome. TLR4 and TLR9 enhance tyrosinase expression and melanogenesis through p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and NFκB signaling pathway, respectively. TLR7 suppresses microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), and MITF reduction leads to melanocyte apoptosis. Accumulating knowledge of the TLRs function of melanocytes has enlightened the link between melanogenesis and innate immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saaya Koike
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Kanagawa 220-0011, Japan;
| | - Kenshi Yamasaki
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(22)-717-7271
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mansourpour H, Ziari K, Motamedi SK, Poor AH. Therapeutic effects of iNOS inhibition against vitiligo in an animal model. Eur J Transl Myol 2019; 29:8383. [PMID: 31579486 PMCID: PMC6767835 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in several biological processes, but its role in human melanogenesis and vitiligo need further studies. Previous studies revealed that exposure to UVA and UVB were capable of the inducing nitric oxide production in keratinocytes and melanocytes through the activation of constitutive nitric oxide synthase, whereas inducible nitric oxide synthase overexpression has been reported to play an important role in hyperpigmentary disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG) as a therapeutic agent in our mouse model of vitiligo. In this study, male C57BL/6J Ler-vit/vit mice were purchased to evaluate the effect of iNOS inhibitor (aminoguanidine) (50 and 100 mg/kg) and L-arginine (100 mg/kg) in a mouse model of vitiligo induced by monobenzone 40%. Moreover, we used phototherapy device to treat the mice with NBUVB as a gold standard.The findings revealed that monobenzone was capable of inducing depigmentation after 6 weeks. However, aminoguanidine in combination with monobenzone was decrease the effect of monobenzone, while L-arginine play a key role in promoting the effect of monobenzone (P<0.001). Based on the phototherapy, the efficacy of phototherapy significantly increased by adding L-arginine (P<0.05). Taken together, we suggest that iNOS inhibitor can be a novel treatment for the prevention and treatment of vitiligo by combination of NBUVB therapy, furthermore; NO agents like L-arginine could also increase the effectiveness of phototherapy. Taken together, this pilot study showed significant repigmentation of vitiligous lesions treated with iNOS inhibitor plus NBUVB therapy, where other aspect including expression of an inducible iNOS, NO and TNF levels remained to be evaluated in mice model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mansourpour
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran and AJA University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoun Ziari
- Department of Pathology, AJA University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tam I, Dzierżęga-Lęcznar A, Stępień K. Differential expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated melanocytes from lightly and darkly pigmented skin. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:551-560. [PMID: 30801846 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that human epidermal melanocytes play an important role in the skin immune system; however, a role of their pigmentation in immune and inflammatory responses is poorly examined. In the study, the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by cultured normal melanocytes derived from lightly and darkly pigmented skin was investigated after cell stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The basal TLR4 mRNA level in heavily pigmented cells was higher as compared to their lightly pigmented counterparts. Melanocyte exposure to LPS upregulated the expression of TLR4 mRNA and enhanced the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB p50 and p65. We found substantial differences in the LPS-stimulated expression of numerous genes encoding inflammatory cytokines and chemokines between the cells with various melanin contents. In lightly pigmented melanocytes, the most significantly upregulated genes were nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT/visfatin), the chemokines CCL2 and CCL20, and IL6, while the genes for CXCL12, IL-16 and the chemokine receptor CCR4 were the most significantly upregulated in heavily pigmented cells. Moreover, the lightly pigmented melanocytes secreted much more NAMPT, CCL2 and IL-6. The results of our study suggest modulatory effect of melanogenesis on the immune properties of normal epidermal melanocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Tam
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Anna Dzierżęga-Lęcznar
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Krystyna Stępień
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Surv Ophthalmol 2017; 62:1-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
9
|
Dey-Rao R, Sinha AA. Interactome analysis of gene expression profile reveals potential novel key transcriptional regulators of skin pathology in vitiligo. Genes Immun 2015; 17:30-45. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
10
|
Traks T, Keermann M, Karelson M, Rätsep R, Reimann E, Silm H, Vasar E, Kõks S, Kingo K. Polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor genes are associated with vitiligo. Front Genet 2015; 6:278. [PMID: 26442097 PMCID: PMC4563240 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The members of Toll-like receptor (TLR) family are responsible for recognizing various molecular patterns associated with pathogens. Their expression is not confined to immune cells and have been detected in skin cells such as keratinocytes and melanocytes. As part of a generated response to pathogens, TLRs are involved in inducing inflammatory mediators to combat these threats. It is therefore not surprising that TLRs have been implicated in inflammatory skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Likewise, as key players in autoimmunity, they have been associated with a number of autoimmune diseases. Based on this, the role of TLRs in vitiligo could be suspected, but is yet to be clearly established. Methods: In order to conduct a genetic association analysis, 30 SNPs were selected from TLR1-TLR8 and TLR10 regions to be genotyped in Estonian case-control cohort consisting of 139 vitiligo patients and 307 healthy control individuals. The patients were further analyzed in subgroups based on sex, age of onset, occurrence of vitiligo among relatives, extent of depigmented areas, vitiligo progression activity, appearance of Köbner's phenomenon, existence of halo naevi, and incidence of spontaneous repigmentation. Results: The most notable finding came with SNP rs179020 situated in TLR7 gene, that was associated in entire vitiligo (Padj = 0.0065) and also several subgroup analyses. Other single marker and haplotype analyses pointed to TLR3, TLR4, and TLR10 genes. Conclusions: This study investigated the genetic regions of nine TLR genes in relation to vitiligo susceptibility. The main results were the associations of TLR7 SNPs with vitiligo, while several other associations were obtained from the remaining TLR gene regions. This suggests that in addition to other inflammatory skin diseases, TLRs affect the development of vitiligo, thus making them interesting targets for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanel Traks
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maris Keermann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Clinic of Dermatology, Tartu University Hospital Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maire Karelson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Clinic of Dermatology, Tartu University Hospital Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ranno Rätsep
- Department of Physiology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ene Reimann
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Department of Reproductive Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences Tartu, Estonia
| | - Helgi Silm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Clinic of Dermatology, Tartu University Hospital Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eero Vasar
- Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Department of Physiology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Department of Reproductive Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences Tartu, Estonia
| | - Külli Kingo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu Tartu, Estonia ; Clinic of Dermatology, Tartu University Hospital Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang S, Liu D, Jin R, Zhu Y, Xu A. Differential responses of normal human melanocytes to intra- and extracellular dsRNA. DNA Cell Biol 2015; 34:391-9. [PMID: 25803620 PMCID: PMC4485883 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral factor has been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of vitiligo. To elucidate the effects of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) on melanocytes and to explore the underlying mechanisms, primary cultured normal human melanocytes were treated with synthetic viral dsRNA analog poly(I:C). The results demonstrated that poly(I:C)-triggered apoptosis when transfected into melanocytes, while extracellular poly(I:C) did not have that effect. Intracellular poly(I:C)-induced melanocyte death was decreased by RIG-I or MDA5 siRNA, but not by TLR3 siRNA. Both intracellular and extracellular poly(I:C) induced the expression of IFNB, TNF, IL6, and IL8. However, extracellular poly(I:C) demonstrated a much weaker induction capacity of cytokine genes than intracellular poly(I:C). Further analysis revealed that phosphorylation of TBK1, IRF3, IRF7, and TAK1 was differentially induced by intra- or extracellular poly(I:C). NFκB inhibitor Bay 11-7082 decreased the induction of all the cytokines by poly(I:C), suggesting the ubiquitous role of NFκB in the process. Poly(I:C) treatment also induced the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK in melanocytes. Both JNK and p38 inhibitors showed suppression on the cytokine induction by intra- or extracellular poly(I:C). However, only the JNK inhibitor decreased the intracellular poly(I:C)-induced melanocyte death. Taken together, this study provides the possible mechanism of viral factor in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suiquan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dongyin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Aie Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shi YL, Weiland M, Lim HW, Mi QS, Zhou L. Serum miRNA expression profiles change in autoimmune vitiligo in mice. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:140-2. [PMID: 24401108 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It is widely believed that non-segmental vitiligo results from the autoimmune destruction of melanocytes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression, are involved in the immune cell development and function and regulate the development of autoimmune diseases. Recent studies demonstrate that functional miRNAs can be detected in the serum and serve as biomarkers of various diseases. In the present study, we used a mouse autoimmune vitiligo model, in which melanocyte autoreactive CD4+ T cells were adoptively transferred into Rag1(-/-) host mice. Serum miRNA expression was profiled in vitiligo developed mice and control mice using TaqMan RT-PCR arrays. We have found that the expressions of 20 serum miRNAs were changed in vitiligo mice compared to control mice. Three increased miRNAs, miR-146a, miR-191, and miR-342-3p, were further confirmed by a single TaqMan RT-PCR. Our findings suggest that miRNAs may be involved in vitiligo development and serum miRNAs could serve as serum biomarkers for vitiligo in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Shi
- Henry Ford Immunology Program, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA; Multicultural Dermatology Center, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Human RNAi pathway: crosstalk with organelles and cells. Funct Integr Genomics 2013; 14:31-46. [PMID: 24197738 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-013-0344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding gene regulation mechanisms has been a serious challenge in biology. As a novel mechanism, small non-coding RNAs are an alternative means of gene regulation in a specific and efficient manner. There are growing reports on regulatory roles of these RNAs including transcriptional gene silencing/activation and post-transcriptional gene silencing events. Also, there are several known small non-coding RNAs which all work through RNA interference pathway. Interestingly, these small RNAs are secreted from cells toward targeted cells presenting new communication approach in cell-cell or cell-organ signal transduction. In fact, understanding cellular and molecular basis of these pathways will strongly improve developing targeted therapies and potent and specific regulatory tools. This study will review some of the most recent findings in this subject and will introduce a super-pathway RNA interference-based small RNA silencing network.
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen S, Yan H, Sun B, Zuo A, Liang D. Subretinal transfection of chitosan-loaded TLR3-siRNA for the treatment of experimental autoimmune uveitis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:726-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
15
|
Babiceanu MC, Howard BA, Rumore AC, Kita H, Lawrence CB. Analysis of global gene expression changes in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to spores of the allergenic fungus, Alternaria alternata. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:196. [PMID: 23882263 PMCID: PMC3715730 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure and sensitivity to ubiquitous airborne fungi such as Alternaria alternata have long been implicated in the development, onset, and exacerbation of chronic allergic airway disorders. This present study is the first to investigate global changes in host gene expression during the interaction of cultured human bronchial epithelial cells and live Alternaria spores. In in vitro experiments human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were exposed to spores or media alone for 24 h. RNA was collected from three biological replicates per treatment and was used to assess changes in gene expression patterns using Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Arrays. In cells treated with Alternaria spores compared to controls, 613 probe sets representing 460 individual genes were found differentially expressed (p ≤ 0.05). In this set of 460 statistically significant, differentially expressed genes, 397 genes were found to be up-regulated and 63 were down-regulated. Of these 397 up-regulated genes, 156 genes were found to be up-regulated ≥2 fold. Interestingly, none of the 63 down-regulated genes were found differentially expressed at ≤−2 fold. Differentially expressed genes were identified following statistical analysis and subsequently used for pathway and network evaluation. Interestingly, many cytokine and chemokine immune response genes were up-regulated with a particular emphasis on interferon-inducible genes. Genes involved in cell death, retinoic acid signaling, and TLR3 response pathways were also significantly up-regulated. Many of the differentially up-regulated genes have been shown in other systems to be associated with innate immunity, inflammation and/or allergic airway diseases. This study now provides substantial information for further investigating specific genes and innate immune system pathways activated by Alternaria in the context of allergic airway diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Babiceanu
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Karaca N, Ozturk G, Gerceker B, Turkmen M, Berdeli A. TLR2 and TLR4 gene polymorphisms in Turkish vitiligo patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 27:e85-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
de Rivero Vaccari JP, Minkiewicz J, Wang X, De Rivero Vaccari JC, German R, Marcillo AE, Dietrich WD, Keane RW. Astrogliosis involves activation of retinoic acid-inducible gene-like signaling in the innate immune response after spinal cord injury. Glia 2011; 60:414-21. [PMID: 22161971 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) induces a glial response in which astrocytes become activated and produce inflammatory mediators. The molecular basis for regulation of glial-innate immune responses remains poorly understood. Here, we examined the activation of retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-like receptors (RLRs) and their involvement in regulating inflammation after SCI. We show that astrocytes express two intracellular RLRs: RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5. SCI and stretch injury of cultured astrocytes stimulated RLR signaling as determined by phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) leading to production of type I interferons (IFNs). RLR signaling stimulation with synthetic ribonucleic acid resulted in RLR activation, phosphorylation of IRF3, and increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin, two hallmarks of reactive astrocytes. Moreover, mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1, an RLR inhibitor, decreased production of GFAP and vimentin after RIG-I signaling stimulation. Our findings identify a role for RLR signaling and type I IFN in regulating astrocyte innate immune responses after SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang M, Xiao Z, Lv Q, Liu X, Zhou L, Chen X, Chen M, Fang L, Xie X, Hu J. The functional expression of TLR3 in EPCs impairs cell proliferation by induction of cell apoptosis and cell cycle progress inhibition. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:2118-24. [PMID: 21964048 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), a member of the TLR family that recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), plays an important role in antiviral immunity. TLR3 is widely expressed in various cells and the activation of TLR3 induces cell apoptosis in some cells. However, the effect of TLR3 on cell proliferation in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is unclear. In this study, we found that EPCs expressed high levels of TLR1, 3, 4, and 6 and low levels of TLR2, 5, 7, 8, and 10. The treatment of EPCs with TLR3 agonist Poly I:C up-regulated the expression of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-α, and IFN-β, indicating that EPCs expressed functional TLR3. Moreover, Poly I:C treatment induced cell cycle progress inhibition and cell apoptosis, leading to the inhibition of cell proliferation. Further studies indicated that IL-1β was involved in TLR3-induced cell proliferation inhibition, as IL-1β inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and the IL-1β receptor type I (IL-1R1)-neutralizing antibody ameliorated Poly I:C-induced cell proliferation inhibition. Taken together, these results suggest that Poly I:C impairs cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle progress inhibition and cell apoptosis via TLR3 in EPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital,Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
RNA released from necrotic keratinocytes upregulates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in melanocytes. Arch Dermatol Res 2011; 303:771-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-011-1170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 08/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|