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Haimakainen S, Harvima IT. Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor-1 is increased in mast cells in psoriasis and actinic keratosis, but not markedly in keratinocyte skin carcinomas. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1794-1804. [PMID: 37602923 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor-1 (CRH-R1) is expressed in human mast cells, but its role in skin diseases is unknown. By using a sequential double-staining technique, the mast cell expression of CRH-R1 was investigated in biopsies from lesional and non-lesional skin samples of patients with actinic keratosis (AK), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and psoriasis. Dermal tryptase+ mast cells expressed CRH-R1 immunoreactivity in the non-lesional skin in all patient groups. The CRH-R1 expression was significantly increased in the lesional skin of AK (p = 0.03) and psoriasis (p = 0.02), non-significantly in BCC (p = 0.129), but not increased in SCC. To investigate the regulation of CRH-R1, the LAD2 mast cell line was irradiated with UVB or stimulated with CRH or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2 D3 ]. Consequently, UVB at 90 mJ/cm2 (p = 0.041) and 120 mJ/cm2 (p = 0.039) decreased CRH-R1 expression. Instead, CRH at 100 and 1000 nM increased CRH-R1 immunostaining, but did not affect the proliferative response. The treatment with 10 and 100 nM 1,25-(OH)2 D3 led to a noticeable increase in CRH-R1 staining. After irradiating with UVB, the concentration of CRH increased in the conditioned medium, but not in sonicated LAD2 mast cells. In conclusion, the lack of sufficient levels of CRH-R1 in mast cells may be related to diminished antitumoural response in SCC and possibly in BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla Haimakainen
- Department of Dermatology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ilkka T Harvima
- Department of Dermatology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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2
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Nigam M, Mishra AP, Deb VK, Dimri DB, Tiwari V, Bungau SG, Bungau AF, Radu AF. Evaluation of the association of chronic inflammation and cancer: Insights and implications. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:115015. [PMID: 37321055 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the most extensively researched processes in the development and treatment of cancer is inflammatory condition. Although acute inflammation is essential for the wound healing and reconstruction of tissues that have been damaged, chronic inflammation may contribute to the onset and growth of a number of diseases, including cancer. By disrupting the signaling processes of cells, which result in cancer induction, invasion, and development, a variety of inflammatory molecules are linked to the development of cancer. The microenvironment surrounding the tumor is greatly influenced by inflammatory cells and their subsequent secretions, which also contribute significantly to the tumor's growth, survivability, and potential migration. These inflammatory variables have been mentioned in several publications as prospective diagnostic tools for anticipating the onset of cancer. Targeting inflammation with various therapies can reduce the inflammatory response and potentially limit or block the proliferation of cancer cells. The scientific medical literature from the past three decades has been studied to determine how inflammatory chemicals and cell signaling pathways related to cancer invasion and metastasis are related. The current narrative review updates the relevant literature while highlighting the specifics of inflammatory signaling pathways in cancer and their possible therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, 246174 Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| | - Vishal Kumar Deb
- Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, 176061 Palampur, Himanchal Pradesh, India
| | - Deen Bandhu Dimri
- Department of Biochemistry, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, 246174 Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Alexa Florina Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Andrei-Flavius Radu
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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3
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Hungerford JM. Histamine and Scombrotoxins. Toxicon 2021; 201:115-126. [PMID: 34419509 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Histamine intoxications result when histamine-metabolizing enzymes are compromised or overwhelmed by dietary histamine in the human body. This can occur either due to metabolic enzyme deficiencies, such as in histamine intolerance to wines, aged cheese and other foods or from high concentrations of histamine following ingestion of decomposed fish. The presence of histamine in decomposed fish and fish products results from bacterial decarboxylation of free L-histidine following product mishandling. Consequently, histamine intoxications from mishandled fish, commonly referred to as scombrotoxin fish poisoning (SFP) or scombroid poisoning, require high levels of free L-histidine only found in certain species of pelagic fish. Differential diagnosis is required of clinicians since dietary histamine intoxications produce the same symptoms typical of release of endogenous histamine due to IgE -mediated seafood allergies or anisakiasis. Although high levels of dietary histamine are responsible for SFP, histamine has important physiological functions and tends to exert toxic effects only at doses beyond the physiological range. Endogenous histamine is essential to local immune responses, regulation of gastric acid secretion in the gut, and neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Scombrotoxins, postulated to explain histamine's augmented toxicity in scombrotoxic fish, are a milieu of histamine and other bioactives. Since time-and-temperature abuse is required to produce high levels of histamine in fish, management consists of ensuring proper handling by identifying hazards and critical control points (HACCP) and maintaining a "cold chain" from catch to consumption. Reference methods for detecting histamine have received increased attention and the European Commission has validated a popular precolumn dansylation-based HPLC method through inter-laboratory collaboration and studied method equivalence with the AOAC fluorescence method 977.13 recognized by Codex Alimentarius. Much progress has been made during the last decade in the development and validation of rapid screening methods for detecting histamine in food and especially in fish products. These include many innovative sensors and several validated commercial test kits, many of them based on a recombinant form of the enzyme histamine dehydrogenase (HD).
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Hungerford
- Applied Technology Center, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, US Food and Drug Administration, 22201 23rd Dr SE Bothell, WA, 98021, USA.
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4
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Mechanisms of Broad-Band UVB Irradiation‒Induced Itch in Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2499-2508.e3. [PMID: 33812858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although sunburn can produce severe uncontrollable itching, the underlying mechanisms of UV irradiation‒induced itch are poorly understood because of a lack of experimental animal models of sunburn itch. In this study, we established a sunburn-related mouse model and found that broad-band UVB irradiation elicited scratching but not wiping behavior in mice. Using a combination of live-cell calcium ion imaging and quantitative RT-PCR on dorsal root ganglion neurons, H&E staining, immunofluorescence staining of skin preparations, and behavioral testing, in combination with genetic and pharmacological approaches, we showed that TRPV1-positive dorsal root ganglion neurons but not mast cells are involved in broad-band UVB irradiation‒induced itch. Moreover, both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of TRPV1 function significantly alleviated the broad-band UVB irradiation‒induced itch response. Collectively, our results suggest that broad-band UVB irradiation evokes itch sensation in mice by promoting TRPV1 channel function in dorsal root ganglion neurons and provide potential therapeutic targets for sunburn-related itch.
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Mintie CA, Musarra AK, Singh CK, Ndiaye MA, Sullivan R, Eickhoff JC, Ahmad N. Protective Effects of Dietary Grape on UVB-Mediated Cutaneous Damages and Skin Tumorigenesis in SKH-1 Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071751. [PMID: 32630288 PMCID: PMC7409354 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most diagnosed cancers in the US and occur more frequently in males. We previously demonstrated chemoprotective effects of dietary grape powder (GP) against UVB-mediated skin tumorigenesis in female SKH-1 mice. To expand on this, here, we determined the effects of GP in a short-term UVB exposure protocol (0 or 5% GP, followed by UVB every other day for 2 weeks) in male and female SKH-1 mice, as well as explored any sex-related differences in UVB carcinogenesis via male SKH-1 mice (0, 3, or 5% GP; UVB twice weekly for 28 weeks). In the short-term study, we found that GP protects against early-stage epithelial hyperplasia and mast cell infiltration in both sexes. In the long term, GP markedly reduced tumor counts and malignant conversion, along with significant decreases in mast cell infiltration, serum IgE and Eotaxin. We also found inhibition of P38 phosphorylation and reduced PCNA, Ki67 and BCL2 levels, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effects of GP inhibits P38, acting as an upstream regulator to inhibit proliferation and reduce tumor cell survival. Together, GP appears to protect against UVB-mediated skin damage and carcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice and should be explored further as a supplement for NMSC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A. Mintie
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (C.A.M.); (A.K.M.); (C.K.S.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Anna K. Musarra
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (C.A.M.); (A.K.M.); (C.K.S.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Chandra K. Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (C.A.M.); (A.K.M.); (C.K.S.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Mary A. Ndiaye
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (C.A.M.); (A.K.M.); (C.K.S.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Ruth Sullivan
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Jens C. Eickhoff
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (C.A.M.); (A.K.M.); (C.K.S.); (M.A.N.)
- William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-608-263-2532
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Imperatorin Suppresses Anaphylactic Reaction and IgE-Mediated Allergic Responses by Inhibiting Multiple Steps of FceRI Signaling in Mast Cells: IMP Alleviates Allergic Responses in PCA. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7823761. [PMID: 30800677 PMCID: PMC6360561 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7823761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study is to investigate the effects of imperatorin (IMP) on allergic responses mediated by mast cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) model was established. Histological detection was performed to assess the ear histology. ELISA and Western blot analysis were used to detect the levels of corresponding cytokines and signalling pathway proteins. IMP decreased the leakage of Evans blue and the ear thickness in the PCA models, in a dose-dependent manner, and alleviated the degranulation of mast cells. Moreover, IMP reduced the expression of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-13. Furthermore, IMP inhibited the phosphorylation levels of Syk, Lyn, PLC-γ1, and Gab2, as well as the downstream MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB signaling pathways. In addition, IMP inhibited the mast cell-mediated allergic responses through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. IMP attenuates the allergic responses through inhibiting the degranulation and decreasing the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the mast cells, involving the PI3K/Akt, MAPK, NF-κB, and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways.
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7
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Gellén E, Fidrus E, Péter M, Szegedi A, Emri G, Remenyik É. Immunological effects of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 24:342-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Yu T, He Z, Yang M, Song J, Ma C, Ma S, Feng J, Liu B, Wang X, Wei Z, Li J. The development of methods for primary mast cells in vitro and ex vivo: An historical review. Exp Cell Res 2018; 369:179-186. [PMID: 29842878 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are tissue-based stationary effector cells that form the immune system's first-line defense against various challenges. They are developed from the bone marrow-derived progenitors to complete their differentiation and maturation in the tissues where they eventually establish residence. MCs have been implicated in many diseases, such as allergy, parasitic infection, and neoplastic disorders. Immortalized MC lines, such as RBL-2H3, HMC-1, and LAD-2, are useful for investigating the biological functions of MC only to some extents due to the restriction of degranulation evaluation, in vivo injection and other factors. Over the past few decades, technologies for acquiring primarily MCs have been continually optimized, and novel protocols have been proposed. However, no relevant publications have analyzed and summarized these techniques. In this review, the classical approaches for extracting MCs are generalized, and new methods with potential values are introduced. We also evaluate the advantages and applicability of diverse MC models. Since MCs exhibit substantial plasticity and functional diversity due to different origins, it is both necessary and urgent to select a reliable and suitable source of MCs for a particular study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, China; Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Zhigang He
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Muqing Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, China; Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Sunqiang Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Junlan Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, China; Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, China; Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Zhubo Wei
- Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, United States.
| | - Jiyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, China; Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, China.
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9
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Ocana JA, Romer E, Sahu R, Pawelzik SC, FitzGerald GA, Kaplan MH, Travers JB. Platelet-Activating Factor-Induced Reduction in Contact Hypersensitivity Responses Is Mediated by Mast Cells via Cyclooxygenase-2-Dependent Mechanisms. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:4004-4011. [PMID: 29695417 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) stimulates numerous cell types via activation of the G protein-coupled PAF receptor (PAFR). PAFR activation not only induces acute proinflammatory responses, but it also induces delayed systemic immunosuppressive effects by modulating host immunity. Although enzymatic synthesis and degradation of PAF are tightly regulated, oxidative stressors, such as UVB, chemotherapy, and cigarette smoke, can generate PAF and PAF-like molecules in an unregulated fashion via the oxidation of membrane phospholipids. Recent studies have demonstrated the relevance of the mast cell (MC) PAFR in PAFR-induced systemic immunosuppression. The current study was designed to determine the exact mechanisms and mediators involved in MC PAFR-mediated systemic immunosuppression. By using a contact hypersensitivity model, the MC PAFR was not only found to be necessary, but also sufficient to mediate the immunosuppressive effects of systemic PAF. Furthermore, activation of the MC PAFR induces MC-derived histamine and PGE2 release. Importantly, PAFR-mediated systemic immunosuppression was defective in mice that lacked MCs, or in MC-deficient mice transplanted with histidine decarboxylase- or cyclooxygenase-2-deficient MCs. Lastly, it was found that PGs could modulate MC migration to draining lymph nodes. These results support the hypothesis that MC PAFR activation promotes the immunosuppressive effects of PAF in part through histamine- and PGE2-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus A Ocana
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Eric Romer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Ravi Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Sven-Christian Pawelzik
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435; .,Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435; and.,Dayton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dayton, OH 45428
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10
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Imanbayev K, Makishev A, Zhagiparov M, McLoone P. Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers at Sites of Previous Frostbite: Case Report and Review. Case Rep Dermatol 2018. [PMID: 29515390 PMCID: PMC5836220 DOI: 10.1159/000486477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between ultraviolet radiation exposure and skin cancer is well established. Limited studies have reported an association between frostbite and the development of non-melanoma skin cancer but evidence for a proven link is insufficient and possible carcinogenic mechanisms have not been fully explored. In this report, 3 cases of non-melanoma skin cancer (1 case of basal cell carcinoma and 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin) which developed at a site of previous frostbite caused by exposure to extremely cold temperatures in Astana, the capital city of Kazakhstan, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalel Imanbayev
- aDepartment of Oncology, Medical University of Astana, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Abay Makishev
- aDepartment of Oncology, Medical University of Astana, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Murat Zhagiparov
- aDepartment of Oncology, Medical University of Astana, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Pauline McLoone
- bDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
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11
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Jiang JZ, Ye J, Jin GY, Piao HM, Cui H, Zheng MY, Yang JS, Che N, Choi YH, Li LC, Yan GH. Asiaticoside Mitigates the Allergic Inflammation by Abrogating the Degranulation of Mast Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:8128-8135. [PMID: 28891650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of asiaticoside (AS) on allergic responses mediated by mast cells were investigated. AS showed no obvious cytotoxicity on RPMCs (rat peritoneal mast cells). AS reduced the intracellular calcium in RPMCs and deprived the histamine release and degranulation. AS also decreased the generation of antigen-induced tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-8, and IL-1β in RBL-2H3 cells sensitized by IgE. The suppression of AS on pro-inflammatory cytokines was related with the activation of the intracellular FcεRI and the inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. In addition, AS disabled the phosphorylation of antigen-induced Syk, Lyn, Gab2, and PLCγ1, thus suppressing the downstream Akt phosphorylation and MAPKs pathways. It also increased HO-1 and Nrf2 expression time dependently. In summary, we demonstrate that AS suppresses the allergic inflammation mediated by mast cells and this effect might be mediated by FcεRI-dependent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhi Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Yanbian University , Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Yanbian University , Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Guang Yu Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yanbian University Hospital , Yanji 133000, Jilin China
| | - Hong Mei Piao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yanbian University Hospital , Yanji 133000, Jilin China
| | - Hong Cui
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Yanbian University , Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Ming Yu Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University , Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Jin Shi Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University , Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Nan Che
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Yanbian University , Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Yun Ho Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University , Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Liang Chang Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Yanbian University , Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
| | - Guang Hai Yan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Yanbian University , Yanji 133002, Jilin, China
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12
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Siiskonen H, Smorodchenko A, Krause K, Maurer M. Ultraviolet radiation and skin mast cells: Effects, mechanisms and relevance for skin diseases. Exp Dermatol 2017; 27:3-8. [PMID: 28677275 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are well known as versatile effector cells in allergic reactions and several other immune responses. Skin MCs and cutaneous MC responses are subject to the effects of environmental factors including ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Numerous studies have assessed the effects of UVR on MCs, in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, UVR seems to have variable effects on non-activated and activated mast cells. In general, UV therapy is beneficial in the treatment of urticaria and mastocytosis, but the effects are variable depending on treatment regimen and type of UVR. Here, we review and summarise key reports from the older and current literature on the crosstalk of UVR and skin MCs. Specifically, we present the literature and discuss published reports on the effects of UVR on skin MCs in rodents and humans. In addition, we review the role of MCs in UVR-driven skin diseases and the influence of UV light on MC-mediated skin diseases. This summary of our current understanding of the interplay of skin MCs and UVR may help to improve the management of patients with urticaria and other MC disorders, to identify current gaps of knowledge, and to guide further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Siiskonen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Smorodchenko
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karoline Krause
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Abstract
Mast cells are part of the immune system and characteristically contain histamine- and heparin-rich basophilic granules. While these cells are usually associated with allergy and anaphylaxis, they also promote wound healing and angiogenesis and confer protection against pathogens. The presence of these cells is sometimes indicative of a poor prognosis, especially in skin cancer, pancreatic cancer, and lymphoma. Toluidine blue staining of acid-fast granules is an established method for the identification and quantification of mast cells. Generating detailed information on the location of mast cells within tissues is problematic using this technique and often requires serial sections from adjacent tissue to be separately stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Staining serial sections is not always possible, particularly if the sample is very small or rare. In such cases, a method of simultaneously identifying and localizing mast cells in a tissue would be advantageous. Toluidine blue and H&E are not commonly combined because H&E includes repetitive washes in water, which may affect the efficacy of the aqueous-soluble toluidine blue. We have developed and tested a novel staining technique that integrates toluidine blue between hematoxylin and eosin in one simple procedure. This protocol works on both frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and readily allows for the identification of purple-stained mast cells against a clean H&E background. This facilitates a more accurate localization and proper counting of mast cells in normal and affected tissue.
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Leirós GJ, Kusinsky AG, Balañá ME, Hagelin K. Triolein reduces MMP-1 upregulation in dermal fibroblasts generated by ROS production in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 85:124-130. [PMID: 27932255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokine production and oxidative stress generated by ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) skin exposure are main factors of skin photoaging. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) produced by irradiated keratinocytes is proposed to have a role in metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression activation in dermal fibroblasts. OBJECTIVES We examined the effect of triolein treatment of UVB-irradiated keratinocytes on MMP1 (interstitial collagenase) expression response of dermal fibroblasts. We assayed UVB-irradiated keratinocytes soluble signals, mainly IL-6 and reactive oxygen species (ROS). METHODS IL-6 expression and ROS generation were assayed in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. MMP1 mRNA expression response was assayed in fibroblasts grown in keratinocytes conditioned medium. We evaluated the effect of treating keratinocytes with triolein on IL-6 expression and ROS generation in keratinocytes, and MMP1 expression in fibroblasts. RESULTS The irradiation of epidermal cells with sublethal UVB doses increased IL-6 expression and ROS generation. Conditioned culture medium collected from keratinocytes was used to culture dermal fibroblasts. MMP1 mRNA expression increase was observed in fibroblasts cultured in medium collected from UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. Triolein treatment reduced the IL-6 expression and ROS generation in keratinocytes and this effect was reflected in downregulation of MMP1 expression in fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Triolein reduces both the expression of IL-6 and ROS generation in irradiated keratinocytes. It seems to exert an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effect on irradiated keratinocytes that in turn reduces MMP1 expression in dermal fibroblasts. Collectively, these results indicate that triolein could act as a photoprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo J Leirós
- Fundación Pablo Cassará-Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Saladillo 2468 C1440FFX, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ana Gabriela Kusinsky
- Fundación Pablo Cassará-Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Saladillo 2468 C1440FFX, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Eugenia Balañá
- Fundación Pablo Cassará-Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Saladillo 2468 C1440FFX, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Karin Hagelin
- Fundación Pablo Cassará-Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Saladillo 2468 C1440FFX, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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15
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Rojas IG, Spencer ML, Zapata PA, Martínez A, Alarcón R, Marchesani FJ, Tezal M. CD8+ and FoxP3+ T-cell infiltration in actinic cheilitis. Int J Dermatol 2016; 56:54-62. [PMID: 27778327 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in immune profile between actinic cheilitis (AC), a precursor of lip squamous cell carcinoma, and normal lip vermillion (NL) have not been elucidated. OBJECTIVES To compare density, distribution, and ratios of CD8+ and FoxP3+ cells between AC and NL and assess their associations with clinicopathologic variables. METHODS Samples of AC and NL obtained between 2001 and 2013 at the College of Dentistry of the University of Concepcion, Chile, were retrospectively analyzed for immunohistochemical detection of CD8+ and FoxP3+ cells. Differences between groups were tested by Mann-Whitney U and Fisher's exact tests. Independent effects of cell densities and CD8/FoxP3 ratio with AC were assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis after adjustment for potential confounding. RESULTS A total of 62 AC and 24 NL biopsies were included. Densities of CD8+ and FoxP3+ cells in AC were significantly higher than in NL. Conversely, the CD8+/FoxP3+ ratio was significantly lower in AC as compared to NL. After adjustment for sun exposure, age, gender, and smoking status, a stromal FoxP3+ cell density higher than 0.35 cells/field was significantly associated with increased odds of AC (odds ratio [OR] = 5.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-21.31), while a stromal CD8+/FoxP3+ ratio higher than 5.91 was associated with decreased odds of AC (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.08-1.08). CONCLUSIONS AC is characterized by increased FoxP3+ cell infiltration and a reduced CD8/FoxP3 ratio as compared to NL. Therefore, increased infiltration of FoxP3+ cells relative to CD8+ cells may contribute to the transition from normal to preneoplastic stages in lip carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isolde G Rojas
- Department of Oral Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Maria L Spencer
- Anatomopathology Section, Regional Hospital of Concepción "Dr. Guillermo Grant Benavente", Concepción, Chile
| | - Paulina A Zapata
- Department of Oral Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alejandra Martínez
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rosario Alarcón
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology Section, College of Medicine, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco J Marchesani
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mine Tezal
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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16
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Varricchi G, Galdiero MR, Marone G, Granata F, Borriello F, Marone G. Controversial role of mast cells in skin cancers. Exp Dermatol 2016; 26:11-17. [PMID: 27305467 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer development is a multistep process characterized by genetic and epigenetic alterations during tumor initiation and progression. The stromal microenvironment can promote tumor development. Mast cells, widely distributed throughout all tissues, are a stromal component of many solid and haematologic tumors. Mast cells can be found in human and mouse models of skin cancers such as melanoma, basal and squamous cell carcinomas, primary cutaneous lymphomas, haemangiomas and Merkel cell carcinoma. However, human and animal studies addressing potential functions of mast cells and their mediators in skin cancers have provided conflicting results. In several studies, mast cells play a pro-tumorigenic role, whereas in others, they play an anti-tumorigenic role. Other studies have failed to demonstrate a clear role for tumor-associated mast cells. Many unanswered questions need to be addressed before we understand whether tumor-associated mast cells are adversaries, allies or simply innocent bystanders in different types and subtypes of skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT) and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria R Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT) and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT) and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Borriello
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT) and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT) and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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17
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Damiani E, Ullrich SE. Understanding the connection between platelet-activating factor, a UV-induced lipid mediator of inflammation, immune suppression and skin cancer. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 63:14-27. [PMID: 27073146 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid mediators of inflammation play important roles in several diseases including skin cancer, the most prevalent type of cancer found in the industrialized world. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a complete carcinogen and is the primary cause of skin cancer. UV radiation is also a potent immunosuppressive agent, and UV-induced immunosuppression is a well-known risk factor for skin cancer induction. An essential mediator in this process is the glyercophosphocholine 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine commonly referred to as platelet-activating factor (PAF). PAF is produced by keratinocytes in response to diverse stimuli and exerts its biological effects by binding to a single specific G-protein-coupled receptor (PAF-R) expressed on a variety of cells. This review will attempt to describe how this lipid mediator is involved in transmitting the immunosuppressive signal from the skin to the immune system, starting from its production by keratinocytes, to its role in activating mast cell migration in vivo, and to the mechanisms involved that ultimately lead to immune suppression. Recent findings related to its role in regulating DNA repair and activating epigenetic mechanisms, further pinpoint the importance of this bioactive lipid, which may serve as a critical molecular mediator that links the environment (UVB radiation) to the immune system and the epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Damiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stephen E Ullrich
- Department of Immunology and The Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences at Houston, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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18
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Schweintzger NA, Bambach I, Reginato E, Mayer G, Limón-Flores AY, Ullrich SE, Byrne SN, Wolf P. Mast cells are required for phototolerance induction and scratching abatement. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:491-6. [PMID: 25776520 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dermal mast cells protect the skin from inflammatory effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and are required for UV-induced immune suppression. We sought to determine a potential mechanistic role of mast cells in reducing the sensitivity to UV radiation (i.e. phototolerance induction) through photohardening. We administered single UV exposures as well as a chronic UV irradiation regime to mast cell-deficient Kit(W-Sh/W-Sh) mice and their controls. The chronic irradiation protocol was similar to that given for prophylaxis in certain photodermatoses in humans. Compared to controls, UV-exposed Kit(W-Sh/W-Sh) mice were more susceptible to epidermal hyperplasia and dermal oedema which was linked to blood vessel dilation. Unexpectedly, Kit(W-Sh/W-Sh) mice exhibited an excessive scratching behaviour following broadband UVB plus UVA or solar simulated UV irradiation at doses far below their minimal skin-swelling dose. Protection from this UV-induced scratching phenotype was dependent on mast cells, as engraftment of bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells abated it entirely. Kit(W-Sh/W-Sh) mice were entirely resistant to phototolerance induction by photohardening treatment. Compared to controls, these mice also showed reduced numbers of regulatory T cells and neutrophils in the skin 24 h after UV irradiation. While it is well known that mast cell-deficient mice are resistant to UV-induced immune suppression, we have discovered that they are prone to develop photo-itch and are more susceptible to UV-induced epidermal hyperplasia and skin oedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina A Schweintzger
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Isabella Bambach
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eleonora Reginato
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerlinde Mayer
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alberto Y Limón-Flores
- Department of Immunology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Stephen E Ullrich
- Department of Immunology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott N Byrne
- Department of Immunology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Cellular Photoimmunology Group, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, The Charles Perkins Centre Hub at The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Wolf
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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19
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Wolf P, Gruber-Wackernagel A, Bambach I, Schmidbauer U, Mayer G, Absenger M, Fröhlich E, Byrne SN. Photohardening of polymorphic light eruption patients decreases baseline epidermal Langerhans cell density while increasing mast cell numbers in the papillary dermis. Exp Dermatol 2015; 23:428-30. [PMID: 24758562 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of polymorphic light eruption (PLE) has been linked to a lack of UV-induced immune suppression. To determine the role of Langerhans cells (LC), mast cells and regulatory T cells, biopsies from PLE patients were taken from exposed sites in spring before and after photohardening with 311 nm or PUVA as well as again in summer. Skin sections were assessed for the presence of Langerin/CD1a+ LC and CD3+, CD4+, CD25+ or FoxP3+ T cells and mast cells. Photohardening transiently decreased the density of epidermal LC and significantly increased a low baseline mast cell density in the papillary dermis of PLE patients. Baseline T cell numbers in the skin were low, and there was no difference in PLE patients among any time point. This suggests that LC suppression together with recruitment of mast cells into photohardened skin may be a key cellular event underlying the mechanism by which phototherapy protects from PLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wolf
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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20
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Arbi S, Eksteen EC, Oberholzer HM, Taute H, Bester MJ. Premature Collagen Fibril Formation, Fibroblast-Mast Cell Interactions and Mast Cell-Mediated Phagocytosis of Collagen in Keloids. Ultrastruct Pathol 2015; 39:95-103. [DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2014.981326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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21
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Abstract
The ultraviolet (UV) radiation contained in sunlight is a powerful immune suppressant. While exposure to UV is best known for its ability to cause skin cancer, it is also associated with protection against a range of autoimmune diseases, particularly multiple sclerosis (MS). Although the precise mechanism by which sunlight affords protection from MS remains to be determined, some have hypothesised that UV immunosuppression explains the "latitude-gradient effect" associated with MS. By stimulating the release of soluble factors in exposed skin, UV activates immune suppressive pathways that culminate in the induction of regulatory cells in distant tissues. Each and every one of the immune suppressive cells and molecules activated by UV exposure are potential targets for treating and preventing MS. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms involved is therefore required if we are to realise the therapeutic potential of photoimmunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Marsh-Wakefield
- Cellular Photoimmunology Group, Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Scott N Byrne
- Cellular Photoimmunology Group, Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia. .,Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia. .,Discipline of Dermatology, Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia. .,Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Level 5 (East), The Charles Perkins Centre Hub (D17), University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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22
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Sahu RP, Rezania S, Ocana JA, DaSilva-Arnold SC, Bradish JR, Richey JD, Warren SJ, Rashid B, Travers JB, Konger RL. Topical application of a platelet activating factor receptor agonist suppresses phorbol ester-induced acute and chronic inflammation and has cancer chemopreventive activity in mouse skin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111608. [PMID: 25375862 PMCID: PMC4222871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet activating factor (PAF) has long been associated with acute edema and inflammatory responses. PAF acts by binding to a specific G-protein coupled receptor (PAF-R, Ptafr). However, the role of chronic PAF-R activation on sustained inflammatory responses has been largely ignored. We recently demonstrated that mice lacking the PAF-R (Ptafr-/- mice) exhibit increased cutaneous tumorigenesis in response to a two-stage chemical carcinogenesis protocol. Ptafr-/- mice also exhibited increased chronic inflammation in response to phorbol ester application. In this present study, we demonstrate that topical application of the non-hydrolysable PAF mimetic (carbamoyl-PAF (CPAF)), exerts a potent, dose-dependent, and short-lived edema response in WT mice, but not Ptafr -/- mice or mice deficient in c-Kit (c-KitW-sh/W-sh mice). Using an ear inflammation model, co-administration of topical CPAF treatment resulted in a paradoxical decrease in both acute ear thickness changes associated with a single PMA application, as well as the sustained inflammation associated with chronic repetitive PMA applications. Moreover, mice treated topically with CPAF also exhibited a significant reduction in chemical carcinogenesis. The ability of CPAF to suppress acute and chronic inflammatory changes in response to PMA application(s) was PAF-R dependent, as CPAF had no effect on basal or PMA-induced inflammation in Ptafr-/- mice. Moreover, c-Kit appears to be necessary for the anti-inflammatory effects of CPAF, as CPAF had no observable effect in c-KitW-sh/W-sh mice. These data provide additional evidence that PAF-R activation exerts complex immunomodulatory effects in a model of chronic inflammation that is relevant to neoplastic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi P. Sahu
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
| | - Samin Rezania
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
| | - Jesus A. Ocana
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
| | - Sonia C. DaSilva-Arnold
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
| | - Joshua R. Bradish
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
| | - Justin D. Richey
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
| | - Simon J. Warren
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
| | - Badri Rashid
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey B. Travers
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
| | - Raymond L. Konger
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Abstract
Living on a sun-drenched planet has necessitated adaption to and protection from the harmful effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly skin cancer. However, convincing epidemiological and recent empirical evidence also supports a protective effect of UV against a range of diseases including multiple sclerosis, asthma and cardiovascular disease. Despite years of research attention into the biological effects of sunlight exposure, we are still far from being able to fully answer the question: How much sunlight is enough? This is probably because the answer is dependent on many complex and interacting variables. Many talented researchers are focused on exploring whether UV-induced vitamin D explains some of these effects. This perspectives article proposes an alternative hypothesis, namely that targeting UV-induced immune suppression by affecting the activation of regulatory cells and molecules will be of therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott N Byrne
- Cellular Photoimmunology Group, Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia.
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24
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Akhalaya MY, Maksimov GV, Rubin AB, Lademann J, Darvin ME. Molecular action mechanisms of solar infrared radiation and heat on human skin. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 16:1-11. [PMID: 24742502 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of ROS underlies all solar infrared-affected therapeutic and pathological cutaneous effects. The signaling pathway NF-kB is responsible for the induced therapeutic effects, while the AP-1 for the pathological effects. The different signaling pathways of infrared-induced ROS and infrared-induced heat shock ROS were shown to act independently multiplying the influence on each other by increasing the doses of irradiation and/or increasing the temperature. The molecular action mechanisms of solar infrared radiation and heat on human skin are summarized and discussed in detail in the present paper. The critical doses are determined. Protection strategies against infrared-induced skin damage are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ya Akhalaya
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - G V Maksimov
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A B Rubin
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Leninskie Gory, 1-12, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - J Lademann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - M E Darvin
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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25
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Wang L, Zhang D, Schwarz W. TRPV Channels in Mast Cells as a Target for Low-Level-Laser Therapy. Cells 2014; 3:662-73. [PMID: 24971848 PMCID: PMC4197630 DOI: 10.3390/cells3030662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-level laser irradiation in the visible as well as infrared range is applied to skin for treatment of various diseases. Here we summarize and discuss effects of laser irradiation on mast cells that leads to degranulation of the cells. This process may contribute to initial steps in the final medical effects. We suggest that activation of TRPV channels in the mast cells forms a basis for the underlying mechanisms and that released ATP and histamine may be putative mediators for therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Shanghai Research Center for Acupuncture and Meridians, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wolfgang Schwarz
- Institute for Biophysics, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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26
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Gragnani A, Cornick SM, Chominski V, Ribeiro de Noronha SM, Alves Corrêa de Noronha SA, Ferreira LM. Review of Major Theories of Skin Aging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/aar.2014.34036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Pharmacologically antagonizing the CXCR4-CXCL12 chemokine pathway with AMD3100 inhibits sunlight-induced skin cancer. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 134:1091-1100. [PMID: 24226205 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
One way sunlight causes skin cancer is by suppressing anti-tumor immunity. A major mechanism involves altering mast cell migration via the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4-C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCR4-CXCL12) chemokine pathway. We have discovered that pharmacologically blocking this pathway with the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 prevents both UV radiation-induced immune suppression and skin cancer. The majority of control mice receiving UV-only developed histopathologically confirmed squamous cell carcinomas. In contrast, skin tumor incidence and burden was significantly lower in AMD3100-treated mice. Perhaps most striking was that AMD3100 completely prevented the outgrowth of latent tumors that occurred once UV irradiation ceased. AMD3100 protection from UV immunosuppression and skin cancer was associated with reduced mast cell infiltration into the skin, draining lymph nodes, and the tumor itself. Thus a major target of CXCR4 antagonism was the mast cell. Our results indicate that interfering with UV-induced CXCL12 by antagonizing CXCR4 significantly inhibits skin tumor development by blocking UV-induced effects on mast cells. Hence, the CXCR4-CXCL12 chemokine pathway is a novel therapeutic target in the prevention of UV-induced skin cancer.
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28
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Bulman A, Neagu M, Constantin C. Immunomics in Skin Cancer - Improvement in Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy Monitoring. CURR PROTEOMICS 2013; 10:202-217. [PMID: 24228023 PMCID: PMC3821382 DOI: 10.2174/1570164611310030003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review will focus on the elements of the skin’s immune system, immune cells and/or non-immune cells that support immune mechanisms, molecules with immune origin and/or immune functions that are involved in skin
carcinogenesis. All these immune elements are compulsory in the development of skin tumors and/or sustainability of the neoplastic process. In this light, recent data gathered in this review will acknowledge all immune elements that contribute to skin tumorigenesis; moreover, they can serve as immune biomarkers. These immune markers can contribute to the
diagnostic improvement, prognosis forecast, therapy monitoring, and even personalized therapeutical approach in skin cancer. Immune processes that sustain tumorigenesis in non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancers are described in the framework of recent data.
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Kim HH, Kim SW, Kim DS, Oh HM, Rho MC, Kim SH. Vigna angularis inhibits mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:736-42. [PMID: 23828310 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether extracts of Vigna angularis (EVA) inhibit allergic inflammatory reactions and to elucidate the possible mechanisms of action. For the assessment of allergic inflammatory response, histamine release and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines from human mast cells (HMC-1) were examined. To identify the underlying mechanisms of action, intracellular calcium and the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were assayed. To confirm the effects of EVA in vivo, systemic and local allergic reaction mouse models were employed. EVA dose-dependently reduced phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI)-induced histamine release from mast cells. The inhibitory effects of EVA on the release of histamine from mast cells were mediated by the reduction of intracellular calcium levels. EVA decreased the PMACI-stimulated gene expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6. The inhibitory effects of EVA on pro-inflammatory cytokines were NF-κB- and MAPK-dependent. In addition, EVA inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis and immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated cutaneous anaphylaxis. Our findings provide evidence that EVA inhibits mast cell-derived allergic inflammation, and suggest the possible therapeutic application of EVA in allergic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hun Kim
- Korean Traditional Medicine Agency, Korea Promotion Institute for Traditional Medicine Industry, Gyeongsan 712‑210, Republic of Korea
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Kim HH, Bae Y, Kim SH. Galangin attenuates mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 57:209-16. [PMID: 23535185 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A great number of people are suffering from allergic inflammatory disease such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and sinusitis. Therefore discovery of drugs for the treatment of these diseases is an important subject in human health. In this study, we investigated anti-allergic inflammatory effect of galangin and underlying mechanisms of action using in vitro and in vivo models. Galangin inhibited histamine release by the reduction of intracellular calcium in phorbol 12-mystate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated human mast cells (HMC-1). Galangin decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-8. The inhibitory effect of galangin on theses pro-inflammatory cytokines was related with c-Jun N-terminal kinases, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor-κB, and caspase-1. Furthermore, galangin attenuated IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and the expression of histamine receptor 1 at the inflamed tissue. The inhibitory effects of galangin were more potent than cromolyn, a known anti-allergic drug. Our results showed that galangin down-regulates mast cell-derived allergic inflammatory reactions by blocking histamine release and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In light of in vitro and in vivo anti-allergic inflammatory effects, galangin could be a beneficial anti-allergic inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hun Kim
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
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