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Evtushenko NA, Beilin AK, Kosykh AV, Vorotelyak EA, Gurskaya NG. Keratins as an Inflammation Trigger Point in Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212446. [PMID: 34830328 PMCID: PMC8624175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a group of inherited keratinopathies that, in most cases, arise due to mutations in keratins and lead to intraepidermal ruptures. The cellular pathology of most EBS subtypes is associated with the fragility of the intermediate filament network, cytolysis of the basal layer of the epidermis, or attenuation of hemidesmosomal/desmosomal components. Mutations in keratins 5/14 or in other genes that encode associated proteins induce structural disarrangements of different strengths depending on their locations in the genes. Keratin aggregates display impaired dynamics of assembly and diminished solubility and appear to be the trigger for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress upon being phosphorylated by MAPKs. Global changes in cellular signaling mainly occur in cases of severe dominant EBS mutations. The spectrum of changes initiated by phosphorylation includes the inhibition of proteasome degradation, TNF-α signaling activation, deregulated proliferation, abnormal cell migration, and impaired adherence of keratinocytes. ER stress also leads to the release of proinflammatory danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules, which enhance avalanche-like inflammation. Many instances of positive feedback in the course of cellular stress and the development of sterile inflammation led to systemic chronic inflammation in EBS. This highlights the role of keratin in the maintenance of epidermal and immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda A. Evtushenko
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.E.); (A.K.B.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Arkadii K. Beilin
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.E.); (A.K.B.); (A.V.K.)
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anastasiya V. Kosykh
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.E.); (A.K.B.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Vorotelyak
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nadya G. Gurskaya
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.E.); (A.K.B.); (A.V.K.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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2
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Cortés H, Del Prado-Audelo ML, Urbán-Morlán Z, Alcalá-Alcalá S, González-Torres M, Reyes-Hernández OD, González-Del Carmen M, Leyva-Gómez G. Pharmacological treatments for cutaneous manifestations of inherited ichthyoses. Arch Dermatol Res 2019; 312:237-248. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-01994-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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3
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Lehmann J, Seebode C, Emmert S. Forschung zu Genodermatosen durch neue Genom-Editing-Methoden. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2017; 15:783-790. [PMID: 28763594 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13270_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janin Lehmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock.,Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
| | - Christina Seebode
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock.,Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen
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4
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Lehmann J, Seebode C, Emmert S. Research on genodermatoses using novel genome-editing tools. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2017. [PMID: 28622433 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genodermatoses comprise a clinically heterogeneous group of mostly devastating disorders affecting the skin. To date, treatment options have in general been limited to symptom relief. However, the recent technical evolution in genome editing has ushered in a new era in the development of causal therapies for rare monogenetic diseases such as genodermatoses. The present review revisits the advantages and drawbacks of engineered nuclease tools currently available: zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), meganucleases, and - the most innovative - clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated (Cas) nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system. A mechanistic overview of the different modes of action of these programmable nucleases as well as their significance for causal therapy of genodermatoses is presented. Remaining limitations and challenges such as efficient delivery and off-target activity are critically discussed, highlighting both the past and future of gene therapy in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janin Lehmann
- Clinic for Dermatology und Venereology, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christina Seebode
- Clinic for Dermatology und Venereology, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic for Dermatology und Venereology, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
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5
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Kim E, Harris A, Hyland V, Murrell DF. Digenic inheritance in epidermolysis bullosa simplex involving two novel mutations in KRT5 and KRT14. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:262-264. [PMID: 27611893 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Kim
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2217, Australia
| | - A Harris
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2217, Australia
| | - V Hyland
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Qld, 4006, Australia
| | - D F Murrell
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2217, Australia
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6
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Bornert O, Peking P, Bremer J, Koller U, van den Akker PC, Aartsma-Rus A, Pasmooij AMG, Murauer EM, Nyström A. RNA-based therapies for genodermatoses. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:3-10. [PMID: 27376675 PMCID: PMC5593095 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetic disorders affecting the skin, genodermatoses, constitute a large and heterogeneous group of diseases, for which treatment is generally limited to management of symptoms. RNA-based therapies are emerging as a powerful tool to treat genodermatoses. In this review, we discuss in detail RNA splicing modulation by antisense oligonucleotides and RNA trans-splicing, transcript replacement and genome editing by in vitro-transcribed mRNAs, and gene knockdown by small interfering RNA and antisense oligonucleotides. We present the current state of these therapeutic approaches and critically discuss their opportunities, limitations and the challenges that remain to be solved. The aim of this review was to set the stage for the development of new and better therapies to improve the lives of patients and families affected by a genodermatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Bornert
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center – University of
Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Peking
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of
Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus
Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jeroen Bremer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen,
University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Koller
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of
Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus
Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter C. van den Akker
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen,
University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen,
University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Aartsma-Rus
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center,
Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna M. G. Pasmooij
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen,
University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva M. Murauer
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of
Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus
Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center – University of
Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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7
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Chamcheu JC, Siddiqui IA, Mukhtar H. Chemical chaperone therapy, a new strategy for genetic skin fragility disorders. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:183-4. [PMID: 26513728 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Christopher Chamcheu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Imtiaz A Siddiqui
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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8
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Bergers LIJC, Reijnders CMA, van den Broek LJ, Spiekstra SW, de Gruijl TD, Weijers EM, Gibbs S. Immune-competent human skin disease models. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1479-1488. [PMID: 27265772 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
All skin diseases have an underlying immune component. Owing to differences in animal and human immunology, the majority of drugs fail in the preclinical or clinical testing phases. Therefore animal alternative methods that incorporate human immunology into in vitro skin disease models are required to move the field forward. This review summarizes the progress, using examples from fibrosis, autoimmune diseases, psoriasis, cancer and contact allergy. The emphasis is on co-cultures and 3D organotypic models. Our conclusion is that current models are inadequate and future developments with immune-competent skin-on-chip models based on induced pluripotent stem cells could provide a next generation of skin models for drug discovery and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sander W Spiekstra
- Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ester M Weijers
- Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Gibbs
- Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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Fischer H, Langbein L, Reichelt J, Buchberger M, Tschachler E, Eckhart L. Keratins K2 and K10 are essential for the epidermal integrity of plantar skin. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 81:10-6. [PMID: 26603179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND K1 and K2 are the main type II keratins in the suprabasal epidermis where each of them heterodimerizes with the type I keratin K10 to form intermediate filaments. In regions of the ears, tail, and soles of the mouse, only K2 is co-expressed with K10, suggesting that these keratins suffice to form a mechanically resilient cytoskeleton. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of the suppression of both main keratins, K2 and K10, in the suprabasal plantar epidermis of the mouse. METHODS Krt2(-/-) Krt10(-/-) mice were generated by crossing Krt2(-/-) and Krt10(-/-) mice. Epidermal morphology of soles of hind-paws was examined macroscopically and histologically. Immunofluorescence analysis and quantitative PCR analysis were performed to analyze the expression of keratins in sole skin of wildtype and Krt2(-/-) Krt10(-/-) mice. Highly abundant proteins of the sole stratum corneum were determined by electrophoretic and chromatographic separation and subsequent mass spectrometry. RESULTS K2 and K10 are the most prominent suprabasal keratins in normal mouse soles with the exception of the footpads where K1, K9 and K10 predominate. Mice lacking both K2 and K10 were viable and developed epidermal acanthosis and hyperkeratosis in inter-footpad epidermis of the soles. The expression of keratins K1, K9 and K16 was massively increased at the RNA and protein levels in the soles of Krt2(-/-) Krt10(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the loss of the main cytoskeletal components of plantar epidermis, i.e. K2 and K10, can be only partly compensated by the upregulation of other keratins. The thickening of the epidermis in the soles of Krt2(-/-) Krt10(-/-) mice may serve as a model for pathomechanistic aspects of palmoplantar keratoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Fischer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Lutz Langbein
- Department of Genetics of Skin Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Reichelt
- Institute of Cellular Medicine and North East England Stem Cell Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Divison of Experimental Dermatology and EB House Austria, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maria Buchberger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Eckhart
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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10
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González-Ramos J, Sendagorta-Cudós E, González-López G, Mayor-Ibarguren A, Feltes-Ochoa R, Herranz-Pinto P. Efficacy of botulinum toxin in pachyonychia congenita type 1: report of two new cases. Dermatol Ther 2015; 29:32-6. [PMID: 26445325 DOI: 10.1111/dth.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a rare genodermatosis caused by a mutation in keratin genes, which can lead to hypertrophic nail dystrophy and focal palmoplantar keratoderma (predominantly plantar), amongst other manifestations. Painful blisters and callosities, sometimes exacerbated by hyperhidrosis, are major issues that can have a significant impact on patient quality of life. Many alternative treatments for this condition have been applied with variable and partial clinical response, but a definitive cure for this disease has yet to be discovered. After obtaining informed consent, two patients with genetically confirmed PC type 1 were treated with plantar injections of botulinum toxin type A. Both patients showed a marked improvement in pain and blistering with an average response time of one week, a six-month mean duration of effectiveness, and a lack of any side effects or tachyphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rosa Feltes-Ochoa
- Department of Dermatology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Ramot Y, Zlotogorski A. Keratins: the hair shaft's backbone revealed. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:416-7. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ramot
- Department of Dermatology; Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Abraham Zlotogorski
- Department of Dermatology; Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
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12
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13
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Abstract
For a protein to function appropriately, it must first achieve its proper conformation and location within the crowded environment inside the cell. Multiple chaperone systems are required to fold proteins correctly. In addition, degradation pathways participate by destroying improperly folded proteins. The intricacy of this multisystem process provides many opportunities for error. Furthermore, mutations cause misfolded, nonfunctional forms of proteins to accumulate. As a result, many pathological conditions are fundamentally rooted in the protein-folding problem that all cells must solve to maintain their function and integrity. Here, to illustrate the breadth of this phenomenon, we describe five examples of protein-misfolding events that can lead to disease: improper degradation, mislocalization, dominant-negative mutations, structural alterations that establish novel toxic functions, and amyloid accumulation. In each case, we will highlight current therapeutic options for battling such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie S Valastyan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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14
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Two decades of using the combination of tetracycline derivatives and niacinamide as steroid-sparing agents in the management of pemphigus: Defining a niche for these low toxicity agents. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 71:475-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Ke HP, Jiang HL, Lv YS, Huang YZ, Liu RR, Chen XL, Du ZF, Luo YQ, Xu CM, Fan QH, Zhang XN. KRT9 gene mutation as a reliable indicator in the prenatal molecular diagnosis of epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma. Gene 2014; 546:124-8. [PMID: 24862219 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (EPPK) is the most frequent form of such keratodermas. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and is clinically characterized by diffuse yellowish thickening of the skin on the palms and soles with erythematous borders during the first weeks or months after birth. EPPK is generally caused by mutations of the KRT9 gene. More than 26 KRT9 gene mutations responsible for EPPK have been described (Human Intermediate Filament Database, www.interfil.org), and many of these variants are located within the highly-conserved coil 1A region of the α-helical rod domain of keratin 9. Unfortunately, there is no satisfactory treatment for EPPK. Thus, prenatal molecular diagnosis or pre-pregnancy diagnosis is crucial and benefits those affected who seek healthy descendants. In the present study, we performed amniotic fluid-DNA-based prenatal testing for three at-risk pregnant EPPK women from three unrelated southern Chinese families who carried the KRT9 missense mutations p.Arg163Trp and p.Arg163Gln, and successfully helped two families to bear normal daughters. We suggest that before the successful application of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), and noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of EPPK that analyzes fetal cells or cell-free DNA in maternal blood, prenatal genetic diagnosis by amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS) offers a quite acceptable option for EPPK couples-at-risk to avoid the birth of affected offspring, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ping Ke
- Department of Biology, Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315100, China; Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Hu-Ling Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Ya-Su Lv
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Rong-Rong Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Zhen-Fang Du
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Yu-Qin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang), Ministry of Education, and Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310006, China
| | - Chen-Ming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang), Ministry of Education, and Centre of Reproductive Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310006, China
| | - Qi-Hui Fan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315012, China
| | - Xian-Ning Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China.
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16
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Gorell E, Nguyen N, Lane A, Siprashvili Z. Gene therapy for skin diseases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014; 4:a015149. [PMID: 24692191 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a015149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The skin possesses qualities that make it desirable for gene therapy, and studies have focused on gene therapy for multiple cutaneous diseases. Gene therapy uses a vector to introduce genetic material into cells to alter gene expression, negating a pathological process. This can be accomplished with a variety of viral vectors or nonviral administrations. Although results are promising, there are several potential pitfalls that must be addressed to improve the safety profile to make gene therapy widely available clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Gorell
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305
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17
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Modulation of keratin 1, 10 and involucrin expression as part of the complex response of the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT to ultraviolet radiation. Interdiscip Toxicol 2014; 6:203-8. [PMID: 24678259 PMCID: PMC3945759 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2013-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light evokes a complex stress response in keratinocytes. Keratin filament organization provides structural stability and mechanical integrity of keratinocytes. Involucrin is a transglutaminase substrate protein contributing to the formation of insoluble cornified envelopes. However, a more complex role for keratins and involucrin has been proposed, including the regulation of cell stress response. The aim was to evaluate modulations of keratin 1, 10 and involucrin expression in HaCaT in the light of the complex response of these cells to UV-B radiation, including effects on c-Jun and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) gene expression and production of interleukin (IL) 6 and 8. A UV-B (300±5 nm) dose of 10 mJ/cm2 was selected since this dose resulted in a partial decrease in cell viability in contrast to higher UV-B doses, which induced complete cell death 48 h after treatment. The UV-B radiation induced significant expression of keratin 1 and 10 and decreased expression of involucrin. This was accompanied by increased expression of c-Jun and MMP-1 and IL-6 and IL-8 production. The data suggest that the expression of keratin 1, 10 and involucrin is modulated in HaCaT keratinocytes as a part of the complex stress response to UV radiation.
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18
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Wertheim‐Tysarowska K, Sota J, Kutkowska‐Kaźmierczak A, Woźniak K, Bal J, Kowalewski C. Coexistence of
KRT
14
and
KRT
5
mutations in a
P
olish patient with epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Br J Dermatol 2014; 170:468-9. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Wertheim‐Tysarowska
- Department of Medical Genetics Institute of Mother and Child Kasprzaka 17a Warsaw 01‐211 Poland
| | - J. Sota
- Department of Medical Genetics Institute of Mother and Child Kasprzaka 17a Warsaw 01‐211 Poland
| | | | - K. Woźniak
- Department of Dermatology and Immunodermatology Warsaw Medical University Warsaw Poland
| | - J. Bal
- Department of Medical Genetics Institute of Mother and Child Kasprzaka 17a Warsaw 01‐211 Poland
| | - C. Kowalewski
- Department of Dermatology and Immunodermatology Warsaw Medical University Warsaw Poland
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Paris F, Hurtado C, Azón A, Aguado L, Vizmanos JL. A newKRT16mutation associated with a phenotype of pachyonychia congenita. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:838-9. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Paris
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics; School of Sciences; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
| | - Cristina Hurtado
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics; School of Sciences; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
| | - Antoni Azón
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Sant Joan; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
| | - Leyre Aguado
- Department of Dermatology; Clínica Universidad de Navarra; Pamplona Spain
| | - José L. Vizmanos
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics; School of Sciences; University of Navarra; Pamplona Spain
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20
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Antoniu S. Fresh from the designation pipeline: orphan drugs recently designated in the European Union (June – August 2013). Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2013. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2013.857597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Mudnakudu Nagaraju KK, Babina M, Worm M. Opposing effects on immune function and skin barrier regulation by the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in an allergen-induced eczema model. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:742-7. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Mudnakudu Nagaraju
- Department of Dermatology und Allergology; Allergie-Centrum-Charité; CCM; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Magda Babina
- Department of Dermatology und Allergology; Allergie-Centrum-Charité; CCM; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Margitta Worm
- Department of Dermatology und Allergology; Allergie-Centrum-Charité; CCM; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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22
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Hünefeld C, Mezger M, Kern JS, Nyström A, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Müller I, Handgretinger R, Röcken M. One goal, different strategies--molecular and cellular approaches for the treatment of inherited skin fragility disorders. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:162-7. [PMID: 23489418 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a heterogeneous group of inherited diseases characterized by the formation of blisters in the skin and mucosa. There is no cure or effective treatment for these potentially severe and fatal diseases. Over the past few years, several reports have proposed different molecular strategies as new therapeutic options for the management of EB. From classical vector-based gene therapy to cell-based strategies such as systemic application of bone marrow stem cells or local application of fibroblasts, a broad range of molecular approaches have been explored. This array also includes novel methods, such as protein replacement therapy, gene silencing and the use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPCs). In this review, we summarize current concepts of how inherited blistering diseases might be treated in the future and discuss the opportunities, promises, concerns and risks of these innovative approaches.
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23
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Goldsmith T, Fuchs-Telem D, Israeli S, Sarig O, Padalon-Brauch G, Bergman R, Indelman M, Sprecher E, Nousbeck J. The sound of silence: autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis caused by a synonymous mutation in ABCA12. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:251-4. [PMID: 23528209 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis refers to a heterogeneous group of cornification disorders of major impact on patients' life. The disease has been linked so far to mutations in 8 distinct genes. We report a consanguineous family of Arab Muslim origin with several members displaying a severe form of congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. Using a panel of polymorphic microsatellite markers, we identified a region of homozygosity shared by all patients on 2q34, in a region harbouring the ABCA12 gene. Direct sequencing of genomic DNA derived from a patient failed to reveal any obviously pathogenic change in the coding sequence of this gene. In contrast, cDNA sequence analysis revealed the existence of a 163-bp-long deletion in exon 24, thus pointing to a splicing defect. Careful reanalysis of the genomic DNA sequence revealed apart from several known single-nucleotide polymorphisms, a hitherto unreported homozygous synonymous mutation in exon 24 (c.3456G>A; p.S1152S), which was found to lead to the formation of a novel splicing acceptor site. Synonymous mutations have been shown to uncommonly cause inherited disorders in humans. Here, we present the first example of a congenital form of ichthyosis resulting from such a genetic defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Goldsmith
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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24
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Wagner M, Trost A, Hintner H, Bauer JW, Onder K. Imbalance of intermediate filament component keratin 14 contributes to increased stress signalling in epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:292-4. [PMID: 23528216 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An important characteristic of epidermolysis bullosa simplex Dowling-Meara (EBS-DM) keratinocytes is the increased level of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) stress signalling, which is thought to contribute to the disease phenotype. In this work, we report on the dramatic up-regulation of cytokeratin 14 (K14) in the EBS-DM model cell line KEB7 at both the transcriptional and translational levels, which is noteworthy because KEB7 patient cells are heterozygous for a missense mutation (R125P) in K14. By performing functional assays, we show a direct link between overexpressed wild-type K14 and increased JNK signalling in healthy, immortalized keratinocytes. This observation led us to hypothesize a positive feedback model in which mutant (R125P) K14 triggers JNK signalling, leading to increased AP1-dependent expression of K14, which in turn amplifies JNK signalling further. We therefore suggest that an imbalance of cytoplasmic K14 monomers and K14 incorporated into the intermediate filament (IF) network leads to elevated stress signalling, potentially altering IF dynamics by phosphorylation, which as a side effect, weakens EBS-DM keratinocytes.
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25
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Chamorro C, Almarza D, Duarte B, Llames SG, Murillas R, García M, Cigudosa JC, Espinosa-Hevia L, Escámez MJ, Mencía Á, Meana Á, García-Escudero R, Moro R, Conti CJ, Del Río M, Larcher F. Keratinocyte cell lines derived from severe generalized recessive Epidermolysis Bullosa patients carrying a highly recurrentCOL7A1homozygous mutation: models to assess cell and gene therapiesin vitroandin vivo. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:601-3. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Chamorro
- Epithelial Biomedicine Division; Cutaneous Disease Modelling Unit; CIEMAT; Madrid; Spain
| | - David Almarza
- Epithelial Biomedicine Division; Cutaneous Disease Modelling Unit; CIEMAT; Madrid; Spain
| | | | - Sara G. Llames
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER- U714); Madrid; Spain
| | | | | | - Juan C. Cigudosa
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas; Molecular Cytogenetics Group; Human Cancer Genetics Program; Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO-CIBERER); Madrid; Spain
| | - Luis Espinosa-Hevia
- Centro de Investigaciones Oncológicas; Molecular Cytogenetics Group; Human Cancer Genetics Program; Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO-CIBERER); Madrid; Spain
| | | | - Ángeles Mencía
- Department of Bioengineering; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Madrid; Spain
| | - Álvaro Meana
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER- U714); Madrid; Spain
| | | | - Rosa Moro
- Epithelial Biomedicine Division; Cutaneous Disease Modelling Unit; CIEMAT; Madrid; Spain
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