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Felgueres MJ, Esteso G, García-Jiménez ÁF, Dopazo A, Aguiló N, Mestre-Durán C, Martínez-Piñeiro L, Pérez-Martínez A, Reyburn HT, Valés-Gómez M. BCG priming followed by a novel interleukin combination activates Natural Killer cells to selectively proliferate and become anti-tumour long-lived effectors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13133. [PMID: 38849432 PMCID: PMC11161620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The short-lived nature and heterogeneity of Natural Killer (NK) cells limit the development of NK cell-based therapies, despite their proven safety and efficacy against cancer. Here, we describe the biological basis, detailed phenotype and function of long-lived anti-tumour human NK cells (CD56highCD16+), obtained without cell sorting or feeder cells, after priming of peripheral blood cells with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Further, we demonstrate that survival doses of a cytokine combination, excluding IL18, administered just weekly to BCG-primed NK cells avoids innate lymphocyte exhaustion and leads to specific long-term proliferation of innate cells that exert potent cytotoxic function against a broad range of solid tumours, mainly through NKG2D. Strikingly, a NKG2C+CD57-FcεRIγ+ NK cell population expands after BCG and cytokine stimulation, independently of HCMV serology. This strategy was exploited to rescue anti-tumour NK cells even from the suppressor environment of cancer patients' bone marrow, demonstrating that BCG confers durable anti-tumour features to NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-José Felgueres
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Esteso
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro F García-Jiménez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Dopazo
- Genomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nacho Aguiló
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health of the University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragon, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Mestre-Durán
- Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, Hematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy, IdiPAZ, and Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ-CNIO Pediatric Onco-Hematology Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Piñeiro
- Urology Department and Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Martínez
- Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology, Hematopoietic Transplantation and Cell Therapy, IdiPAZ, and Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ-CNIO Pediatric Onco-Hematology Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Department, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugh T Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Valés-Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, Spanish National Research Council (CNB-CSIC), Darwin, 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Wang S, Zheng L, Wei X, Qu Z, Du L, Wang S, Zhang N. Amino acid insertion in Bat MHC-I enhances complex stability and augments peptide presentation. Commun Biol 2024; 7:586. [PMID: 38755285 PMCID: PMC11099071 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Bats serve as reservoirs for numerous zoonotic viruses, yet they typically remain asymptomatic owing to their unique immune system. Of particular significance is the MHC-I in bats, which plays crucial role in anti-viral response and exhibits polymorphic amino acid (AA) insertions. This study demonstrated that both 5AA and 3AA insertions enhance the thermal stability of the bat MHC-I complex and enrich the diversity of bound peptides in terms of quantity and length distribution, by stabilizing the 310 helix, a region prone to conformational changes during peptide loading. However, the mismatched insertion could diminish the stability of bat pMHC-I. We proposed that a suitable insertion may help bat MHC-I adapt to high body temperatures during flight while enhancing antiviral responses. Moreover, this site-specific insertions may represent a strategy of evolutionary adaptation of MHC-I molecules to fluctuations in body temperature, as similar insertions have been found in other lower vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqiu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Liangzhen Zheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
- Shanghai Zelixir Biotech Company Ltd., Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zehui Qu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Liubao Du
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Shanghai Zelixir Biotech Company Ltd., Shanghai, 200030, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Nianzhi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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3
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Lee MJ, Blish CA. Defining the role of natural killer cells in COVID-19. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1628-1638. [PMID: 37460639 PMCID: PMC10538371 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are critical effectors of antiviral immunity. Researchers have therefore sought to characterize the NK cell response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The NK cells of patients with severe COVID-19 undergo extensive phenotypic and functional changes. For example, the NK cells from critically ill patients with COVID-19 are highly activated and exhausted, with poor cytotoxic function and cytokine production upon stimulation. The NK cell response to SARS-CoV-2 is also modulated by changes induced in virally infected cells, including the ability of a viral peptide to bind HLA-E, preventing NK cells from receiving inhibitory signals, and the downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I and ligands for the activating receptor NKG2D. These changes have important implications for the ability of infected cells to escape NK cell killing. The implications of these findings for antibody-dependent NK cell activity in COVID-19 are also reviewed. Despite these advances in the understanding of the NK cell response to SARS-CoV-2, there remain critical gaps in our current understanding and a wealth of avenues for future research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline J Lee
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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4
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Feils AS, Erbe AK, Birstler J, Kim K, Hoch U, Currie SL, Nguyen T, Yu D, Siefker-Radtke AO, Tannir N, Tolaney SM, Diab A, Sondel PM. Associations between KIR/KIR-ligand genotypes and clinical outcome for patients with advanced solid tumors receiving BEMPEG plus nivolumab combination therapy in the PIVOT-02 trial. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:2099-2111. [PMID: 36823323 PMCID: PMC10264535 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03383-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Bempegaldesleukin (BEMPEG), a CD122-preferential IL2 pathway agonist, has been shown to induce proliferation and activation of NK cells. NK activation is dependent on the balance of inhibitory and excitatory signals transmitted by NK receptors, including Fc-gamma receptors (FCγRs) and killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) along with their KIR-ligands. The repertoire of KIRs/KIR-ligands an individual inherits and the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of FCγRs can influence NK function and affect responses to immunotherapies. In this retrospective analysis of the single-arm PIVOT-02 trial, 200 patients with advanced solid tumors were genotyped for KIR/KIR-ligand gene status and FCγR SNP status and evaluated for associations with clinical outcome. Patients with inhibitory KIR2DL2 and its ligand (HLA-C1) observed significantly greater tumor shrinkage (TS, median change -13.0 vs. 0%) and increased PFS (5.5 vs. 3.3 months) and a trend toward improved OR (31.2 vs. 19.5%) compared to patients with the complementary genotype. Furthermore, patients with KIR2DL2 and its ligand together with inhibitory KIR3DL1 and its ligand (HLA-Bw4) had improved OR (36.5 vs. 19.6%), greater TS (median change -16.1 vs. 0%), and a trend toward prolonged PFS (8.4 vs. 3.6 months) as compared to patients with the complementary genotype. FCγR polymorphisms did not influence OR/PFS/TS.These data show that clinical response to BEMPEG plus nivolumab treatment in the PIVOT-02 trial may be associated with the repertoire of KIR/KIR-ligands an individual inherits. Further investigation and validation of these results may enable KIR/KIR-ligand genotyping to be utilized prospectively for identifying patients likely to benefit from certain cancer immunotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Feils
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A K Erbe
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J Birstler
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - K Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - U Hoch
- Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - T Nguyen
- Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Yu
- Nektar Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - N Tannir
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S M Tolaney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Diab
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P M Sondel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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Molfetta R, Petillo S, Cippitelli M, Paolini R. SUMOylation and related post-translational modifications in natural killer cell anti-cancer responses. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1213114. [PMID: 37313439 PMCID: PMC10258607 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1213114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is a reversible modification that involves the covalent attachment of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to target proteins, leading to changes in their localization, function, stability, and interactor profile. SUMOylation and additional related post-translational modifications have emerged as important modulators of various biological processes, including regulation of genomic stability and immune responses. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that play a critical role in host defense against viral infections and tumors. NK cells can recognize and kill infected or transformed cells without prior sensitization, and their activity is tightly regulated by a balance of activating and inhibitory receptors. Expression of NK cell receptors as well as of their specific ligands on target cells is finely regulated during malignant transformation through the integration of different mechanisms including ubiquitin- and ubiquitin-like post-translational modifications. Our review summarizes the role of SUMOylation and other related pathways in the biology of NK cells with a special emphasis on the regulation of their response against cancer. The development of novel selective inhibitors as useful tools to potentiate NK-cell mediated killing of tumor cells is also briefly discussed.
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Abstract
T cells and natural killer (NK) cells have complementary roles in tumor immunity, and dual T cell and NK cell attack thus offers opportunities to deepen the impact of immunotherapy. Recent work has also shown that NK cells play an important role in recruiting dendritic cells to tumors and thus enhance induction of CD8 T cell responses, while IL-2 secreted by T cells activates NK cells. Targeting of immune evasion mechanisms from the activating NKG2D receptor and its MICA and MICB ligands on tumor cells offers opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Interestingly, T cells and NK cells share several important inhibitory and activating receptors that can be targeted to enhance T cell- and NK cell-mediated immunity. These inhibitory receptor-ligand systems include CD161-CLEC2D, TIGIT-CD155, and NKG2A/CD94-HLA-E. We also discuss emerging therapeutic strategies based on inhibitory and activating cytokines that profoundly impact the function of both lymphocyte populations within tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Kyrysyuk
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Dhuyser A, Remen T, Pérès M, Chamberlain-Evans V, Nemat-Gorgani N, Campidelli A, Clément S, Rubio MT, Trowsdale J, Aarnink A, Traherne J. Comparison of NK alloreactivity prediction models based on KIR-MHC interactions in haematopoeitic stem cell transplantation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1028162. [PMID: 36936953 PMCID: PMC10017772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1028162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological processes underlying NK cell alloreactivity in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remain unclear. Many different models to predict NK alloreactivity through KIR and MHC genotyping exist, raising ambiguities in its utility and application for clinicians. We assessed 27 predictive models, broadly divided into six categories of alloreactivity prediction: ligand-ligand, receptor-ligand, educational, KIR haplotype-based, KIR matching and KIR allelic polymorphism. The models were applied to 78 NGS-typed donor/recipient pairs undergoing allogeneic HSCT in genoidentical (n=43) or haploidentical (n=35) matchings. Correlations between different predictive models differed widely, suggesting that the choice of the model in predicting NK alloreactivity matters. For example, two broadly used models, educational and receptor-ligand, led to opposing predictions especially in the genoidentical cohort. Correlations also depended on the matching fashion, suggesting that this parameter should also be taken into account in the choice of the scoring strategy. The number of centromeric B-motifs was the only model strongly correlated with the incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease in our set of patients in both the genoidentical and the haploidentical cohorts, suggesting that KIR-based alloreactivity, not MHC mismatches, are responsible for it. To our best knowledge, this paper is the first to experimentally compare NK alloreactivity prediction models within a cohort of genoidentical and haploidentical donor-recipient pairs. This study helps to resolve current discrepancies in KIR-based alloreactivity predictions and highlights the need for deeper consideration of the models used in clinical studies as well as in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Dhuyser
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France
- Ingénieurie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire, team 6 (IMoPA6), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7365 Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- *Correspondence: James Traherne, ; Adèle Dhuyser,
| | - Thomas Remen
- Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l’Innovation, Unité de Méthodologie, Datamanagement et Statistiques, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Michaël Pérès
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | | | - Neda Nemat-Gorgani
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Arnaud Campidelli
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Sandra Clément
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Marie Thérèse Rubio
- Ingénieurie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire, team 6 (IMoPA6), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7365 Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - John Trowsdale
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Aarnink
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France
- Ingénieurie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire, team 6 (IMoPA6), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7365 Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - James Traherne
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: James Traherne, ; Adèle Dhuyser,
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Zafarani A, Taghavi-Farahabadi M, Razizadeh MH, Amirzargar MR, Mansouri M, Mahmoudi M. The Role of NK Cells and Their Exosomes in Graft Versus Host Disease and Graft Versus Leukemia. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:26-45. [PMID: 35994137 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are one of the innate immune cells that play an important role in preventing and controlling tumors and viral diseases, but their role in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) is not yet fully understood. However, according to some research, these cells can prevent infections and tumor relapse without causing graft versus host disease (GVHD). In addition to NK cells, several studies are about the anti-leukemia effects of NK cell-derived exosomes that can highlight their roles in graft-versus-leukemia (GVL). In this paper, we intend to investigate the results of various articles on the role of NK cells in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation and also their exosomes in GVL. Also, we have discussed the antiviral effects of these cells in post-HCT cytomegalovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Zafarani
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Taghavi-Farahabadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Amirzargar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoure Mansouri
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahmoudi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Polten R, Kutle I, Hachenberg J, Klapdor R, Morgan M, Schambach A. Towards Novel Gene and Cell Therapy Approaches for Cervical Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010263. [PMID: 36612258 PMCID: PMC9818159 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women, and the majority of cases are caused by infection with high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) subtypes. Despite effective preventative measures, such as vaccinations against HPV, over 300,000 women die world-wide from cervical cancer each year. Once cervical cancer is diagnosed, treatment may consist of radial hysterectomy, or chemotherapy and radiotherapy, or a combination of therapies dependent upon the disease stage. Unfortunately, overall prognosis for patients with metastatic or recurrent disease remains poor. In these cases, immunotherapies may be useful based on promising preclinical work, some of which has been successfully translated to the clinic. For example, approaches using monoclonal antibodies directed against surface proteins important for control of immune checkpoints (i.e., immune checkpoint inhibitors) were shown to improve outcome in many cancer settings, including cervical cancer. Additionally, initial clinical studies showed that application of cytotoxic immune cells modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) or T cell receptors (TCR) for better recognition and elimination of tumor cells may be useful to control cervical cancer. This review explores these important topics, including strengths and limitations of standard and developing approaches, and how some novel treatment strategies may be optimally used to offer the best possible treatment for cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Polten
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ivana Kutle
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Hachenberg
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Klapdor
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (A.S.); Tel.: +49-511-532-6067 (A.S.)
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (A.S.); Tel.: +49-511-532-6067 (A.S.)
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10
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Nakazawa T, Morimoto T, Maeoka R, Matsuda R, Nakamura M, Nishimura F, Yamada S, Nakagawa I, Park YS, Nakase H, Tsujimura T. Establishment of an efficient ex vivo expansion strategy for human natural killer cells stimulated by defined cytokine cocktail and antibodies against natural killer cell activating receptors. Regen Ther 2022; 21:185-191. [PMID: 35919498 PMCID: PMC9309574 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cell-based immunotherapy is categorized as a regenerative therapy under the Regenerative Medicine Safety Act in Japan. Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy is considered a promising strategy for treating cancer, including glioblastoma (GBM). We previously reported an expansion method for highly purified human peripheral blood-derived NK cells using a cytokine cocktail. Here, we aimed to establish a more efficient NK cell expansion method as compared to our previously reported method. Methods T cell-depleted human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from three healthy volunteers. The depleted PBMCs were cultured in the presence of recombinant human interleukin (rhIL)-18 and high-dose rhIL-2 in anti-NKp46 and/or anti-CD16 antibody immobilization settings. After 14 days of expansion, the purity and expansion ratio of CD3-CD56+ NK cells were determined. The cytotoxicity-mediated growth inhibition of T98G cells (an NK activity-sensitive GBM cell line) was evaluated using a non-labeling, impedance-based real-time cell analyzer. Results Anti-NKp46 stimulation increased the NK cell purity and expansion ratio as compared to the non-antibody-stimulated population. Anti-CD16 stimulation weakly enhanced the NK cell expansion ratio of the non-antibody-stimulated population and enhanced the NK cell purity and expansion ratio of anti-NKp46-stimulated populations. All NK cell-containing populations tested distinctly inhibited T98G cell growth. These effects tended to be enhanced in an NK cell purity-dependent manner. In some cases, anti-CD16 stimulation decreased growth inhibition of T98G cell compared to other conditions despite the comparable NK cell purity. Conclusions We established a robust large-scale feeder-free expansion system for highly purified human NK cells using a defined cytokine cocktail and anti-NK cell activating receptor antibodies. The expansion system could be feasible for autologous or allogeneic NK cell-based immunotherapy of GBM. Moreover, it is easily controlled under Japanese law on regenerative medicine.
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11
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Pollock NR, Harrison GF, Norman PJ. Immunogenomics of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) and HLA Class I: Coevolution and Consequences for Human Health. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:1763-1775. [PMID: 35561968 PMCID: PMC10038757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of killer cell immunoglobin-like receptors (KIR) with human leukocyte antigens (HLA) class I regulate effector functions of key cytotoxic cells of innate and adaptive immunity. The extreme diversity of this interaction is genetically determined, having evolved in the ever-changing environment of pathogen exposure. Diversity of KIR and HLA genes is further facilitated by their independent segregation on separate chromosomes. That fetal implantation relies on many of the same types of immune cells as infection control places certain constraints on the evolution of KIR interactions with HLA. Consequently, specific inherited combinations of receptors and ligands may predispose to specific immune-mediated diseases, including autoimmunity. Combinatorial diversity of KIR and HLA class I can also differentiate success rates of immunotherapy directed to these diseases. Progress toward both etiopathology and predicting response to therapy is being achieved through detailed characterization of the extent and consequences of the combinatorial diversity of KIR and HLA. Achieving these goals is more tractable with the development of integrated analyses of molecular evolution, function, and pathology that will establish guidelines for understanding and managing risks. Here, we present what is known about the coevolution of KIR with HLA class I and the impact of their complexity on immune function and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Pollock
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colo
| | - Genelle F Harrison
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colo
| | - Paul J Norman
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colo.
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12
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Aviles-Padilla K, Angelo LS, Fan D, Paust S. CXCR6 + and NKG2C + Natural Killer Cells Are Distinct With Unique Phenotypic and Functional Attributes Following Bone Marrow Transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:886835. [PMID: 35844621 PMCID: PMC9277058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a life-threatening complication in transplant patients. Natural Killer (NK) cells are the first lymphocyte lineage to reconstitute following an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Amongst them, NK cell Group 2 isoform C/Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 2 (NKG2C)-expressing NK cells contribute significantly to patient protection upon HCMV reactivation. NKG2C+ NK cells are capable of immunological memory, albeit NK cell memory is not restricted to them. Hepatic C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 6 (CXCR6)-expressing NK cells also mediate memory responses in mice and humans. Small numbers of them circulate and can thus be studied in peripheral blood samples. We hypothesize that NKG2C+ and CXCR6+ NK cell subsets are distinct. To test our hypothesis, we used multi-parametric flow cytometry to determine the phenotypes and effector functions of CD56bright vs. CD56dim and NKG2C+ vs. CXCR6+ human NK cell subsets in the peripheral blood (PB) of pediatric transplant recipients monthly while monitoring patients for HCMV reactivation. Interestingly, we did not find any NKG2C+CXCR6+ NK cells in the transplant recipients' peripheral blood, suggesting that NKG2C+ and CXCR6+ NK cells are distinct. Also, NKG2C-CXCR6- NK cells, rather than NKG2C+ NK cells, made up most NK cells post-transplant, even in transplant recipients with HCMV viremia. In contrast to NKG2C+ NK cells, CXCR6+ NK cells appeared phenotypically less differentiated but were highly proliferative and produced IFN-γ and TNF α . Our findings contribute to our understanding of post-transplant NK cell development and its implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Aviles-Padilla
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Laura S. Angelo
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dwight Fan
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,The Developing Investigative Scholar’s Program (DISP), Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital and Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Silke Paust
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,The Developing Investigative Scholar’s Program (DISP), Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital and Rice University, Houston, TX, United States,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Silke Paust,
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13
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Advances of research of Fc-fusion protein that activate NK cells for tumor immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108783. [PMID: 35561479 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of bioengineering technology has introduced Fc-fusion proteins, representing a novel kind of recombinant protein, as promising biopharmaceutical products in tumor therapy. Numerous related anti-tumor Fc-fusion proteins have been investigated and are in different stages of development. Fc-fusion proteins are constructed by fusing the Fc-region of the antibody with functional proteins or peptides. They retain the bioactivity of the latter and partial properties of the former. This structural and functional advantage makes Fc-fusion proteins an effective tool in tumor immunotherapy, especially for the recruitment and activation of natural killer (NK) cells, which play a critical role in tumor immunotherapy. Even though tumor cells have developed mechanisms to circumvent the cytotoxic effect of NK cells or induce defective NK cells, Fc-fusion proteins have been proven to effectively activate NK cells to kill tumor cells in different ways, such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), activate NK cells in different ways in order to promote killing of tumor cells. In this review, we focus on NK cell-based immunity for cancers and current research progress of the Fc-fusion proteins for anti-tumor therapy by activating NK cells.
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14
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Gao F, Zhou Z, Lin Y, Shu G, Yin G, Zhang T. Biology and Clinical Relevance of HCMV-Associated Adaptive NK Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:830396. [PMID: 35464486 PMCID: PMC9022632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are an important component of the innate immune system due to their strong ability to kill virally infected or transformed cells without prior exposure to the antigen (Ag). However, the biology of human NK (hNK) cells has largely remained elusive. Recent advances have characterized several novel hNK subsets. Among them, adaptive NK cells demonstrate an intriguing specialized antibody (Ab)-dependent response and several adaptive immune features. Most adaptive NK cells express a higher level of NKG2C but lack an intracellular signaling adaptor, FcϵRIγ (hereafter abbreviated as FcRγ). The specific expression pattern of these genes, with other signature genes, is the result of a specific epigenetic modification. The expansion of adaptive NK cells in vivo has been documented in various viral infections, while the frequency of adaptive NK cells among peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlates with improved prognosis of monoclonal Ab treatment against leukemia. This review summarizes the discovery and signature phenotype of adaptive NK cells. We also discuss the reported association between adaptive NK cells and pathological conditions. Finally, we briefly highlight the application of adaptive NK cells in adoptive cell therapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhou
- Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guang Shu
- Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianxiang Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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15
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Brauning A, Rae M, Zhu G, Fulton E, Admasu TD, Stolzing A, Sharma A. Aging of the Immune System: Focus on Natural Killer Cells Phenotype and Functions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061017. [PMID: 35326467 PMCID: PMC8947539 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the greatest risk factor for nearly all major chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases of aging. Age-related impairment of immune function (immunosenescence) is one important cause of age-related morbidity and mortality, which may extend beyond its role in infectious disease. One aspect of immunosenescence that has received less attention is age-related natural killer (NK) cell dysfunction, characterized by reduced cytokine secretion and decreased target cell cytotoxicity, accompanied by and despite an increase in NK cell numbers with age. Moreover, recent studies have revealed that NK cells are the central actors in the immunosurveillance of senescent cells, whose age-related accumulation is itself a probable contributor to the chronic sterile low-grade inflammation developed with aging (“inflammaging”). NK cell dysfunction is therefore implicated in the increasing burden of infection, malignancy, inflammatory disorders, and senescent cells with age. This review will focus on recent advances and open questions in understanding the interplay between systemic inflammation, senescence burden, and NK cell dysfunction in the context of aging. Understanding the factors driving and enforcing NK cell aging may potentially lead to therapies countering age-related diseases and underlying drivers of the biological aging process itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Brauning
- SENS Research Foundation, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA; (A.B.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (E.F.); (T.D.A.)
| | - Michael Rae
- SENS Research Foundation, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA; (A.B.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (E.F.); (T.D.A.)
| | - Gina Zhu
- SENS Research Foundation, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA; (A.B.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (E.F.); (T.D.A.)
| | - Elena Fulton
- SENS Research Foundation, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA; (A.B.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (E.F.); (T.D.A.)
| | - Tesfahun Dessale Admasu
- SENS Research Foundation, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA; (A.B.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (E.F.); (T.D.A.)
| | - Alexandra Stolzing
- SENS Research Foundation, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA; (A.B.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (E.F.); (T.D.A.)
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Electrical, Material and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Amit Sharma
- SENS Research Foundation, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA; (A.B.); (M.R.); (G.Z.); (E.F.); (T.D.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (A.S.)
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16
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Dhuyser A, Aarnink A, Pérès M, Jayaraman J, Nemat-Gorgani N, Rubio MT, Trowsdale J, Traherne J. KIR in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Need for a Unified Paradigm for Donor Selection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:821533. [PMID: 35242134 PMCID: PMC8886110 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.821533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is a lifesaving therapy for hematological malignancies. For years, a fully matched HLA donor was a requisite for the procedure. However, new immunosuppressive strategies have enabled the recruitment of viable alternative donors, particularly haploidentical donors. Over 95% of patients have at least two potential haploidentical donors available to them. To identify the best haploidentical donor, the assessment of new immunogenetic criteria could help. To this end, the clinical benefit of KIR genotyping in aHSCT has been widely studied but remains contentious. This review aims to evaluate the importance of KIR-driven NK cell alloreactivity in the context of aHSCT and explain potential reasons for the discrepancies in the literature. Here, through a non-systematic review, we highlight how the studies in this field and their respective predictive models or scoring strategies could be conceptually opposed, explaining why the role of NK cells remains unclear in aHCST outcomes. We evaluate the limitations of each published prediction model and describe how every scoring strategy to date only partly delivers the requirements for optimally effective NK cells in aHSCT. Finally, we propose approaches toward finding the optimal use of KIR genotyping in aHSCT for a unified criterion for donor selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Dhuyser
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, CHRU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- IMoPA6, UMR7365 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Alice Aarnink
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, CHRU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- IMoPA6, UMR7365 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Michaël Pérès
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, CHRU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Jyothi Jayaraman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Neda Nemat-Gorgani
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Thérèse Rubio
- IMoPA6, UMR7365 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- Department of Hematology, CHRU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - John Trowsdale
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James Traherne
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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17
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Downing J, D'Orsogna L. High-resolution human KIR genotyping. Immunogenetics 2022; 74:369-379. [PMID: 35050404 PMCID: PMC9262774 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-021-01247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) regulate the function of natural killer cells through interactions with various ligands on the surface of cells, thereby determining whether natural killer (NK) cells are to be activated or inhibited from killing the cell being interrogated. The genes encoding these proteins display extensive variation through variable gene content, copy number and allele polymorphism. The combination of KIR genes and their ligands is implicated in various clinical settings including haematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant and infectious disease progression. The determination of KIR genes has been used as a factor in the selection of optimal stem cell donors with haplotype variations in recipient and donor giving differential clinical outcomes. Methods to determine KIR genes have primarily involved ascertaining the presence or absence of genes in an individual. With the more recent introduction of massively parallel clonal next-generation sequencing and single molecule very long read length third-generation sequencing, high-resolution determination of KIR alleles has become feasible. Determining the extent and functional impact of allele variation has the potential to lead to further optimisation of clinical outcomes as well as a deeper understanding of the functional properties of the receptors and their interactions with ligands. This review summarizes recently published high-resolution KIR genotyping methods and considers the various advantages and disadvantages of the approaches taken. In addition the application of allele level genotyping in the setting of transplantation and infectious disease control is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Downing
- Department of Clinical Immunology, PathWest, Perth, WA, Australia. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Lloyd D'Orsogna
- Department of Clinical Immunology, PathWest, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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18
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Shang QN, Yu XX, Xu ZL, Cao XH, Liu XF, Zhao XS, Chang YJ, Wang Y, Zhang XH, Xu LP, Liu KY, Huang XJ, Zhao XY. Functional Competence of NK Cells via the KIR/MHC Class I Interaction Correlates with DNAM-1 Expression. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:492-500. [PMID: 34937746 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of inhibitory receptors with self-MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules is responsible for NK cell education. The intensity of DNAM-1 expression correlates with NK cell education. However, whether DNAM-1 expression directly influences the functional competence of NK cells via the KIR/MHC-I interaction remains unclear. Based on allogeneic haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, we investigated the intensity of DNAM-1 expression on reconstituted NK cells via the interaction of KIR with both donor HLA and recipient HLA at days 30, 90, and 180 after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The reconstituted NK cells educated by donor and recipient HLA molecules showed the highest DNAM-1 expression, whereas DNAM-1 expression on educated NK cells with only recipient HLA molecules was higher than that on educated NK cells with only donor HLA molecules, indicating that NK cells with donor or recipient HLA molecules regulate DNAM-1 expression and thereby affect NK cell education. Additionally, the effects of recipient cells on NK cell education were greater than those of donor cells. However, only when the DNAM-1, NKP30, and NKG2D receptors were blocked simultaneously was the function of educated and uneducated NK cells similar. Therefore, activating receptors may collaborate with DNAM-1 to induce educated NK cell hyperresponsiveness. Our data, based on in vitro and in vivo studies, demonstrate that the functional competence of NK cells via the KIR/MHC-I interaction correlates with DNAM-1 expression in human NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Nan Shang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Xing-Xing Yu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Zheng-Li Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xun-Hong Cao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Fei Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Xiao-Su Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Jun Chang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Lan-Ping Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Yan Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China; .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Beijing, China
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19
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Depierreux DM, Kieckbusch J, Shreeve N, Hawkes DA, Marsh B, Blelloch R, Sharkey A, Colucci F. Beyond Maternal Tolerance: Education of Uterine Natural Killer Cells by Maternal MHC Drives Fetal Growth. Front Immunol 2022; 13:808227. [PMID: 35619712 PMCID: PMC9127083 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.808227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproductive immunology has moved on from the classical Medawar question of 60 years ago "why doesn't the mother reject the fetus?". Looking beyond fetal-maternal tolerance, modern reproductive immunology focuses on how the maternal immune system supports fetal growth. Maternal uterine natural killer (uNK) cells, in partnership with fetal trophoblast cells, regulate physiological vascular changes in the uterus of pregnant women and mice. These vascular changes are necessary to build the placenta and sustain fetal growth. NK cell functions in the uterus and elsewhere, including anti-viral and anti-tumour immunity mediated mostly by blood NK cells, are modulated by NK cell education, a quantifiable process that determines cellular activation thresholds. This process relies largely on interactions between self-MHC class I molecules and inhibitory NK cell receptors. By getting to know self, the maternal immune system sets up uNK cells to participate to tissue homeostasis in the womb. Placentation can be viewed as a form of natural transplantation unique in vertebrates and this raises the question of how uNK cell education or missing-self recognition affect their function and, ultimately fetal growth. Here, using combinations of MHC-sufficient and -deficient mice, we show that uNK cell education is linked to maternal and not fetal MHC, so that MHC-deficient dams produce more growth-restricted fetuses, even when the fetuses themselves express self-MHC. We also show that, while peripheral NK cells reject bone marrow cells according to the established rules of missing-self recognition, uNK cells educated by maternal MHC do not reject fetuses that miss self-MHC and these fetuses grow to their full potential. While these results are not directly applicable to clinical research, they show that NK education by maternal MHC-I is required for optimal fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine M Depierreux
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Kieckbusch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Norman Shreeve
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Delia A Hawkes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan Marsh
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Robert Blelloch
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Sharkey
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Colucci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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20
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Yawata M, Yawata N. Practical Considerations and Workflow in Utilizing KIR Genotyping in Transplantation Medicine. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2463:291-310. [PMID: 35344182 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2160-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This chapter is intended to serve as a practical guide for establishing a workflow using sequence-specific polymorphism PCR (SSP-PCR) for killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotyping in a clinical setting, especially in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). As clinical evidence accumulates on the application of KIR and HLA genetics to guide donor selection in HSCT, there is an increasing need for KIR genotyping in clinical settings, and thus medical institutes may need to build this capability. Among the various KIR genotyping approaches now available, SSP-PCR methods are well-established and are the most cost-effective and will likely be the method of choice especially when expenses will be passed on to the patient. The protocol described in this chapter developed by Vilches et al. features small amplicon PCR and is suitable for KIR genotyping using FFPE-derived DNA as well as DNA extracted from blood samples. Setting up a laboratory workflow for in-house KIR genotyping is relatively straightforward; in this chapter, considerations for KIR genotyping to guide clinical decisions are discussed.In HSCT, a main objective of KIR genotyping is to apply the genetic analysis to predict donor and recipient combinations that have the most potential to produce NK cell alloresponses either through the missing-self mechanism or by action associated with activating KIR. The desired effects are reduction in acute GVHD and relapse rates and enhancement of overall survival. The information herein may also be useful to clinical laboratories considering the application of KIR genotyping in areas such as solid organ transplantation, NK cell-based treatment in other forms of cancer and autoimmune diseases, humanized antibody treatment, regenerative medicine, and reproductive medicine. Some background knowledge on KIR genetics will be necessary in managing a KIR genotyping platform. This chapter aims to address the main difficulties often encountered by physicians in understanding the KIR system, such as basic aspects of the nomenclature of KIR genes and haplotypes, genotypes, and determining presence/absence of KIR ligands in the patient and donor from the extensively diversified HLA class I allotypes. In describing the workflow, emphasis has been placed on the processes after genotype PCR and gel image acquisition: haplotype inference, generating B content scores, deduction of KIR ligands from HLA typing results, and the emerging algorithms for donor selection based on KIR and HLA genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Yawata
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- NUSMED Immunology Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Nobuyo Yawata
- Department of Ocular Pathology and Imaging Science, Kyushu University, Kyushu, Japan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Barnes SA, Trew I, de Jong E, Foley B. Making a Killer: Selecting the Optimal Natural Killer Cells for Improved Immunotherapies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:765705. [PMID: 34777383 PMCID: PMC8578927 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.765705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapies have emerged as a safe and effective treatment option for patients with relapsed or refractory leukemia. Unlike T cell-based therapies, NK cells harbor an innate capacity to eliminate malignant cells without prior sensitization and can be adoptively transferred between individuals without the need for extensive HLA matching. A wide variety of therapeutic NK cell sources are currently being investigated clinically, including allogeneic donor-derived NK cells, stem cell-derived NK cells and NK cell lines. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that not all NK cells are endowed with the same antitumor potential. Despite advances in techniques to enhance NK cell cytotoxicity and persistence, the initial identification and utilization of highly functional NK cells remains essential to ensure the future success of adoptive NK cell therapies. Indeed, little consideration has been given to the identification and selection of donors who harbor NK cells with potent antitumor activity. In this regard, there is currently no standard donor selection criteria for adoptive NK cell therapy. Here, we review our current understanding of the factors which govern NK cell functional fate, and propose a paradigm shift away from traditional phenotypic characterization of NK cell subsets towards a functional profile based on molecular and metabolic characteristics. We also discuss previous selection models for NK cell-based immunotherapies and highlight important considerations for the selection of optimal NK cell donors for future adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Barnes
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Isabella Trew
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Emma de Jong
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Bree Foley
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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22
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Rowaiye AB, Asala T, Oli AN, Uzochukwu IC, Akpa A, Esimone CO. The Activating Receptors of Natural Killer Cells and Their Inter-Switching Potentials. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:1733-1751. [PMID: 32914713 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200910160929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The global incidence of cancer is on the increase and researchers are prospecting for specific and non-selective therapies derived from the immune system. The killer activating receptors of NK cells are known to be involved in immunosurveillance against tumor and virally-infected cells. These receptors belong to two main categories, namely the immunoglobulin like and C-lectin like families. Though they have different signal pathways, all the killer activating receptors have similar effector functions which include direct cytotoxicity and the release of inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. To transduce signals that exceed the activation threshold for cytotoxicity, most of these receptors require synergistic effort. This review profiles 21 receptors: 13 immunoglobulin-like, 5 lectin-like, and 3 others. It critically explores their structural uniqueness, role in disease, respective transduction signal pathways and their status as current and prospective targets for cancer immunotherapy. While the native ligands of most of these receptors are known, much work is required to prospect for specific antibodies, peptides and multi-target small molecules with high binding affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Titilayo Asala
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Angus Nnamdi Oli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Agulu, Anambra state, Nigeria
| | - Ikemefuna Chijioke Uzochukwu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Agulu, Anambra state, Nigeria
| | - Alex Akpa
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Charles Okechukwu Esimone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Agulu, Anambra state, Nigeria
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23
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Mortimer NT, Fischer ML, Waring AL, Kr P, Kacsoh BZ, Brantley SE, Keebaugh ES, Hill J, Lark C, Martin J, Bains P, Lee J, Vrailas-Mortimer AD, Schlenke TA. Extracellular matrix protein N-glycosylation mediates immune self-tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2017460118. [PMID: 34544850 PMCID: PMC8488588 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017460118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to respond to infection, hosts must distinguish pathogens from their own tissues. This allows for the precise targeting of immune responses against pathogens and also ensures self-tolerance, the ability of the host to protect self tissues from immune damage. One way to maintain self-tolerance is to evolve a self signal and suppress any immune response directed at tissues that carry this signal. Here, we characterize the Drosophila tuSz1 mutant strain, which mounts an aberrant immune response against its own fat body. We demonstrate that this autoimmunity is the result of two mutations: 1) a mutation in the GCS1 gene that disrupts N-glycosylation of extracellular matrix proteins covering the fat body, and 2) a mutation in the Drosophila Janus Kinase ortholog that causes precocious activation of hemocytes. Our data indicate that N-glycans attached to extracellular matrix proteins serve as a self signal and that activated hemocytes attack tissues lacking this signal. The simplicity of this invertebrate self-recognition system and the ubiquity of its constituent parts suggests it may have functional homologs across animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Mortimer
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790;
| | - Mary L Fischer
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790
| | - Ashley L Waring
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790
| | - Pooja Kr
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790
| | - Balint Z Kacsoh
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Susanna E Brantley
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | - Joshua Hill
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790
| | - Chris Lark
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790
| | - Julia Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790
| | - Pravleen Bains
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790
| | - Jonathan Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790
| | | | - Todd A Schlenke
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719
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24
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Fortes-Andrade T, Almeida JS, Sousa LM, Santos-Rosa M, Freitas-Tavares P, Casanova JM, Rodrigues-Santos P. The Role of Natural Killer Cells in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Prospects for Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153865. [PMID: 34359767 PMCID: PMC8345358 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) represent about 80% of sarcomas, and are a heterogeneous group of rare and malignant tumors. Morphological evaluation has been the standard model for the diagnosis of sarcomas, and even in samples with similar characteristics, they present genetic differences, which further increases the diversity of sarcomas. This variety is one of the main challenges for the classification and understanding of STS patterns, as well as for the respective treatments, which further decreases patient survival (<5 years). Natural Killer (NK) cells have a fundamental role in the control and immune surveillance of cancer development, progression and metastases. Notwithstanding the scarcity of studies to characterize NK cells in STS, it is noteworthy that the progression of these malignancies is associated with altered NK cells. These findings support the additional need to explore NK cell-based immunotherapy in STS; some clinical trials, although very tentatively, are already underway. Abstract Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) represent about 80% of sarcomas, and are a heterogeneous group of rare and malignant tumors. STS arise from mesenchymal tissues and can grow into structures such as adipose tissue, muscles, nervous tissue and blood vessels. Morphological evaluation has been the standard model for the diagnosis of sarcomas, and even in samples with similar characteristics, they present a diversity in cytogenetic and genetic sequence alterations, which further increases the diversity of sarcomas. This variety is one of the main challenges for the classification and understanding of STS patterns, as well as for their respective treatments, which further decreases patient survival (<5 years). Despite some studies, little is known about the immunological profile of STS. As for the immunological profile of STS in relation to NK cells, there is also a shortage of studies. Observations made in solid tumors show that the infiltration of NK cells in tumors is associated with a good prognosis of the disease. Notwithstanding the scarcity of studies to characterize NK cells, their receptors, and ligands in STS, it is noteworthy that the progression of these malignancies is associated with altered NK phenotypes. Despite the scarcity of information on the function of NK cells, their phenotypes and their regulatory pathways in STS, the findings of this study support the additional need to explore NK cell-based immunotherapy in STS further. Some clinical trials, very tentatively, are already underway. STS clinical trials are still the basis for adoptive NK-cell and cytokine-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Fortes-Andrade
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Laboratory of Immunology and Oncology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.F.-A.); (J.S.A.); (L.M.S.)
| | - Jani Sofia Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Laboratory of Immunology and Oncology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.F.-A.); (J.S.A.); (L.M.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Immunology Institute, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luana Madalena Sousa
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Laboratory of Immunology and Oncology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.F.-A.); (J.S.A.); (L.M.S.)
| | - Manuel Santos-Rosa
- Faculty of Medicine, Immunology Institute, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Freitas-Tavares
- Coimbra Hospital and University Center (CHUC), Tumor Unit of the Locomotor Apparatus (UTAL), University Clinic of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Service, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - José Manuel Casanova
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Hospital and University Center (CHUC), Tumor Unit of the Locomotor Apparatus (UTAL), University Clinic of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Service, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Paulo Rodrigues-Santos
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Laboratory of Immunology and Oncology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.F.-A.); (J.S.A.); (L.M.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Immunology Institute, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-85-77-77 (ext. 24-28-44)
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25
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Relevance of Polymorphic KIR and HLA Class I Genes in NK-Cell-Based Immunotherapies for Adult Leukemic Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153767. [PMID: 34359667 PMCID: PMC8345033 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapies are promising approaches to curing different acute leukemias. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that are efficient in the elimination of leukemic cells. NK-cell-based immunotherapies are particularly attractive, but the landscape of the heterogeneity of NK cells must be deciphered. This review provides an overview of the polymorphic KIR and HLA class I genes that modulate the NK cell repertoire and how these markers can improve the outcomes of patients with acute leukemia. A better knowledge of these genetic markers that are linked to NK cell subsets that are efficient against hematological diseases will optimize hematopoietic stem-cell donor selection and NK immunotherapy design. Abstract Since the mid-1990s, the biology and functions of natural killer (NK) cells have been deeply investigated in healthy individuals and in people with diseases. These effector cells play a particularly crucial role after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) through their graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect, which is mainly mediated through polymorphic killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their cognates, HLA class I ligands. In this review, we present how KIRs and HLA class I ligands modulate the structural formation and the functional education of NK cells. In particular, we decipher the current knowledge about the extent of KIR and HLA class I gene polymorphisms, as well as their expression, interaction, and functional impact on the KIR+ NK cell repertoire in a physiological context and in a leukemic context. In addition, we present the impact of NK cell alloreactivity on the outcomes of HSCT in adult patients with acute leukemia, as well as a description of genetic models of KIRs and NK cell reconstitution, with a focus on emergent T-cell-repleted haplo-identical HSCT using cyclosphosphamide post-grafting (haplo-PTCy). Then, we document how the immunogenetics of KIR/HLA and the immunobiology of NK cells could improve the relapse incidence after haplo-PTCy. Ultimately, we review the emerging NK-cell-based immunotherapies for leukemic patients in addition to HSCT.
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26
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An NK cell line (NK92-41BB) expressing high levels of granzyme is engineered to express the high affinity chimeric genes CD16/CAR. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:539-553. [PMID: 34349345 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are known to play a role in mediating innate immunity and have been implicated in mediating anti-tumor responses via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) based on the reactivity of CD16 with the Fc region of human IgG1 antibodies. The NK-92 cell line, devoid of CD16 and derived from a lymphoma patient, has been well characterized. The adoptive transfer of irradiated NK-92 cells demonstrated safety and showed preliminary evidence of clinical benefit for cancer patients. The molecules 41BB and CD3 are commonly used as stimulators in the CAR structure, and their expression in NK cells can promote the activation of NK cells, leading to the enhanced perforin- and granzyme-mediated lysis of tumor cells. This study showed that genetically modified NK-92 cells combined with antibody-mediated ADCC using rituximab and trastuzumab monoclonal antibodies lysed tumor cells more efficient than the NK-92 cell lines. It also showed that the anti-tumor activity of chimeric stimulator molecules of the CAR-modified CD16 receptor was stronger than that of CD16 (allotype V158). These studies provide a rationale for the use of genetically modified NK-92 cells in combination with IgG1 anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies. We also provide a rationale for the chimeric modified CD16 receptor that can improve the anti-tumor effect of NK92 cells via ADCC. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s10616-021-00476-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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27
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Tomescu C, Kroll K, Colon K, Papasavvas E, Frank I, Tebas P, Mounzer K, Reeves RK, Montaner LJ. Identification of the predominant human NK cell effector subset mediating ADCC against HIV-infected targets coated with BNAbs or plasma from PLWH. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2051-2061. [PMID: 34086344 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The potential of immunotherapy strategies utilizing broadly neutralizing antibodies (BNAbs), such as 3BNC117 and 10-1074, to limit viral replication while also facilitating clearance of HIV infected cells has heightened interest in identifying the predominant NK effector subset(s) capable of mediating antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Utilizing advanced polychromatic flow cytometry, we identified that CD57 positive NK cells from ART-suppressed in People Living With HIV (PLWH) expressed significantly higher levels of the CD16 FcγR receptor, 2B4 ADCC coreceptor, and HLA-DR activation marker while NKG2C positive NK cells expressed significantly higher levels of the CD2 ADCC coreceptor (p < 0.001, n = 32). Functionally, CD57 positive NK cells from ART-suppressed PLWH with either high or low NKG2C expansion exhibited significantly enhanced degranulation and IFN-γ production against heterologous gp120-coated ADCC targets coated with HIV reference plasma compared to CD57 negative NK cells (p = 0.0029, n = 11). CD57 positive NK cells from control donors lacking NKG2C expansion also exhibited significantly more degranulation and IFN-γ production at every timepoint tested against both heterologous ADCC targets (p = 0.019, n = 9) and HIV-1 infected autologous CD4+ primary T cells coated with BNAbs. Together, our data support CD57 positive and NKG2C positive NK cells as the predominant ADCC effector subsets capable of targeting HIV-infected CD4+ cells in the presence of 3BNC117 and 10-1074 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costin Tomescu
- HIV Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyle Kroll
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krystal Colon
- HIV Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Ian Frank
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pablo Tebas
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karam Mounzer
- Jonathan Lax Center, Philadelphia FIGHT, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roger Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luis J Montaner
- HIV Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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28
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Pinheiro PF, Justino GC, Marques MM. NKp30 - A prospective target for new cancer immunotherapy strategies. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4563-4580. [PMID: 32737988 PMCID: PMC7520444 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are an important arm of the innate immune system. They constitutively express the NKp30 receptor. NKp30-mediated responses are triggered by the binding of specific ligands e.g. tumour cell-derived B7-H6 and involve the secretion of cytotoxic mediators including TNF-α, IFN-γ, perforins and granzymes. The latter two constitute a target cell-directed response that is critical in the process of immunosurveillance. The structure of NKp30 is presented, focusing on the ligand-binding site, on the ligand-induced structural changes and on the experimental data available correlating structure and binding affinity. The translation of NKp30 structural changes to disease progression is also reviewed. NKp30 role in immunotherapy has been explored in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy. However, antibodies or small ligands targeting NKp30 have not yet been developed. The data reviewed herein unveil the key structural aspects that must be considered for drug design in order to develop novel immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro F. Pinheiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Gonçalo C. Justino
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - M. Matilde Marques
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
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29
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Sheng L, Mu Q, Wu X, Yang S, Zhu H, Wang J, Lai Y, Wu H, Sun Y, Hu Y, Fu H, Wang Y, Xu K, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Zhou M, Lai B, Xu Z, Gao M, Zhang Y, Ouyang G. Cytotoxicity of Donor Natural Killer Cells to Allo-Reactive T Cells Are Related With Acute Graft-vs.-Host-Disease Following Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1534. [PMID: 32849519 PMCID: PMC7411138 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The mechanism and immunoregulatory role of human natural killer (NK) cells in acute graft-vs.-host-disease (aGVHD) remains unclear. This study quantitatively analyzed the cytotoxicity of donor NK cells toward allo-reactive T cells, and investigated their relationship with acute GVHD (aGVHD). Methods: We evaluated NK dose, subgroup, and receptor expression in allografts from 98 patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). A CD107a degranulating assay was used as a quantitative detection method for the cytotoxic function of donor NK cells to allo-reactive T cells. In antibody-blocking assay, NK cells were pre-treated with anti-DNAM-1(CD226), anti-NKG2D, anti-NKP46, or anti-NKG-2A monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) before the degranulating assay. Results: NK cells in allografts effectively inhibited auto-T cell proliferation following alloantigen stimulation, selectively killing alloantigen activated T cells. NKG2A− NK cell subgroups showed higher levels of CD107a degranulation toward activated T cells, when compared with NKG2A− subgroups. Blocking NKG2D or CD226 (DNAM-1) led to significant reductions in degranulation, whereas NKG2A block resulted in increased NK degranulation. Donor NK cells in the aGVHD group expressed lower levels of NKG2D and CD226, higher levels of NKG2A, and showed higher CD107a degranulation levels when compared with NK cells in the non-aGVHD group. Using univariate analysis, higher NK degranulation activities in allografts (CD107ahigh) were correlated with a decreased risk in grade I–IV aGVHD (hazard risk [HR] = 0.294; P < 0.0001), grade III–IV aGVHD (HR = 0.102; P < 0.0001), and relapse (HR = 0.157; P = 0.015), and improved overall survival (HR = 0.355; P = 0.028) after allo-HSCT. Multivariate analyses showed that higher NK degranulation activities (CD107ahigh) in allografts were independent risk factors for grades, I–IV aGVHD (HR = 0.357; P = 0.002), and grades III–IV aGVHD (HR = 0.13; P = 0.009). Conclusions: These findings reveal that the degranulation activity of NK in allografts toward allo-activated T cells was associated with the occurrence and the severity of aGVHD, after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. This suggested that cytotoxicity of donor NK cells to allo-reactive T cells have important roles in aGVHD regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Sheng
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Qitian Mu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Shujun Yang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiaping Wang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanli Lai
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yongxian Hu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huarui Fu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Kaihong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yongcheng Sun
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Binbin Lai
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhijuan Xu
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Minjie Gao
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Guifang Ouyang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
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30
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Müller-Durovic B, Grählert J, Devine OP, Akbar AN, Hess C. CD56-negative NK cells with impaired effector function expand in CMV and EBV co-infected healthy donors with age. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:724-740. [PMID: 30686790 PMCID: PMC6366961 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer cells lacking expression of CD56 (CD56neg NK cells) have been described in chronic HIV and hepatitis C virus infection. Features and functions of CD56neg NK cells in the context of latent infection with CMV and / or EBV with age are not known. In a cohort of healthy donors >60 years of age, we found that co-infection with CMV and EBV drives expansion of CD56neg NK cells. Functionally, CD56neg NK cells displayed reduced cytotoxic capacity and IFN-γ production, a feature that was enhanced with CMV / EBV co-infection. Further, the frequency of CD56neg NK cells correlated with accumulation of end-stage-differentiated T cells and a reduced CD4 / CD8 T cell ratio, reflecting an immune risk profile. CD56neg NK cells had a mature phenotype characterized by low CD57 and KIR expression and lacked characteristics of cell senescence. No changes in their activating NK cell receptor expression, and no upregulation of the negative co-stimulation receptors PD-1 or TIM-3 were observed. In all, our data identify expansion of dysfunctional CD56neg NK cells in CMV+EBV+ elderly individuals suggesting that these cells may function as shape-shifters of cellular immunity and argue for a previously unrecognized role of EBV in mediating immune risk in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmin Grählert
- University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver P Devine
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Arne N Akbar
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christoph Hess
- University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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31
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Lam MT, Mace EM, Orange JS. A research-driven approach to the identification of novel natural killer cell deficiencies affecting cytotoxic function. Blood 2020; 135:629-637. [PMID: 31945148 PMCID: PMC7046607 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cell deficiencies (NKDs) are an emerging phenotypic subtype of primary immune deficiency. NK cells provide a defense against virally infected cells using a variety of cytotoxic mechanisms, and patients who have defective NK cell development or function can present with atypical, recurrent, or severe herpesviral infections. The current pipeline for investigating NKDs involves the acquisition and clinical assessment of patients with a suspected NKD followed by subsequent in silico, in vitro, and in vivo laboratory research. Evaluation involves initially quantifying NK cells and measuring NK cell cytotoxicity and expression of certain NK cell receptors involved in NK cell development and function. Subsequent studies using genomic methods to identify the potential causative variant are conducted along with variant impact testing to make genotype-phenotype connections. Identification of novel genes contributing to the NKD phenotype can also be facilitated by applying the expanding knowledge of NK cell biology. In this review, we discuss how NKDs that affect NK cell cytotoxicity can be approached in the clinic and laboratory for the discovery of novel gene variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and
- Medical Scientist Training Program, and
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and
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Ben-Shmuel A, Biber G, Barda-Saad M. Unleashing Natural Killer Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment-The Next Generation of Immunotherapy? Front Immunol 2020; 11:275. [PMID: 32153582 PMCID: PMC7046808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of immunotherapy for cancer treatment bears considerable clinical promise. Nevertheless, many patients remain unresponsive, acquire resistance, or suffer dose-limiting toxicities. Immune-editing of tumors assists their escape from the immune system, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) induces immune suppression through multiple mechanisms. Immunotherapy aims to bolster the activity of immune cells against cancer by targeting these suppressive immunomodulatory processes. Natural Killer (NK) cells are a heterogeneous subset of immune cells, which express a diverse array of activating and inhibitory germline-encoded receptors, and are thus capable of directly targeting and killing cancer cells without the need for MHC specificity. Furthermore, they play a critical role in triggering the adaptive immune response. Enhancing the function of NK cells in the context of cancer is therefore a promising avenue for immunotherapy. Different NK-based therapies have been evaluated in clinical trials, and some have demonstrated clinical benefits, especially in the context of hematological malignancies. Solid tumors remain much more difficult to treat, and the time point and means of intervention of current NK-based treatments still require optimization to achieve long term effects. Here, we review recently described mechanisms of cancer evasion from NK cell immune surveillance, and the therapeutic approaches that aim to potentiate NK function. Specific focus is placed on the use of specialized monoclonal antibodies against moieties on the cancer cell, or on both the tumor and the NK cell. In addition, we highlight newly identified mechanisms that inhibit NK cell activity in the TME, and describe how biochemical modifications of the TME can synergize with current treatments and increase susceptibility to NK cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviad Ben-Shmuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Applied Immunology, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Guy Biber
- Laboratory of Molecular and Applied Immunology, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Mira Barda-Saad
- Laboratory of Molecular and Applied Immunology, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Zaghi E, Calvi M, Di Vito C, Mavilio D. Innate Immune Responses in the Outcome of Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation to Cure Hematologic Malignancies. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2794. [PMID: 31849972 PMCID: PMC6892976 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of allogeneic transplant platforms, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) represents one of the latest and most promising curative strategies for patients affected by high-risk hematologic malignancies. Indeed, this platform ensures a suitable stem cell source immediately available for virtually any patents in need. Moreover, the establishment in recipients of a state of immunologic tolerance toward grafted hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remarkably improves the clinical outcome of this transplant procedure in terms of overall and disease free survival. However, the HLA-mismatch between donors and recipients has not been yet fully exploited in order to optimize the Graft vs. Leukemia effect. Furthermore, the efficacy of haplo-HSCT is currently hampered by several life-threatening side effects including the onset of Graft vs. Host Disease (GvHD) and the occurrence of opportunistic viral infections. In this context, the quality and the kinetic of the immune cell reconstitution (IR) certainly play a major role and several experimental efforts have been greatly endorsed to better understand and accelerate the post-transplant recovery of a fully competent immune system in haplo-HSCT. In particular, the IR of innate immune system is receiving a growing interest, as it recovers much earlier than T and B cells and it is able to rapidly exert protective effects against both tumor relapses, GvHD and the onset of life-threatening opportunistic infections. Herein, we review our current knowledge in regard to the kinetic and clinical impact of Natural Killer (NK), γδ and Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) IRs in both allogeneic and haplo-HSCT. The present paper also provides an overview of those new therapeutic strategies currently being implemented to boost the alloreactivity of the above-mentioned innate immune effectors in order to ameliorate the prognosis of patients affected by hematologic malignancies and undergone transplant procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zaghi
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Calvi
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Di Vito
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Ureshino H, Shindo T, Kimura S. Role of cancer immunology in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Leuk Res 2019; 88:106273. [PMID: 31765938 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2019.106273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is caused by the BCR-ABL chimeric tyrosine kinase, which is derived from the reciprocal translocation, t(9;22)(q34;q11). BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) can provide prolonged overall survival in CML patients, resulting in life expectancy nearly to general population, and now approximately half of patients who achieved deep molecular response (DMR) can sustain durable molecular remission after discontinuation TKIs. However, residual leukemic cells still detected in the patients who sustained in molecular remission after discontinuation TKIs with the sensitive BCL-ABL1 transcript detection method. Given the fact that residual leukemic cells can exist in these patients, host immune systems can protect the patients to develop CML progression derived from residual leukemic cells. The human immune system is generally composed by innate and adaptive immune systems, corresponding to their functional diversities. Natural killer (NK) cells are major components of the innate immune system, while T lymphocytes (T cells) are major components of the adaptive immune system, and both NK cell and T cell mediate immune responses have an important role in CML. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that promote expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs), leading to host immune suppression, are also important. Although regulation mechanism of these immune system has not been fully elucidated, tumor antigen (e.g. Wilms tumor-1), and surface receptors (e.g. killer immunoglobulin-like receptor and natural killer group 2) on NK cells, are pivotal role in these immune system regulations. Hence, we reviewed the current the immunological analysis, especially T cell and NK cell immunity in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ureshino
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan; Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Saga University, Saga, Japan.
| | - Takero Shindo
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Kimura
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan; Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Saga University, Saga, Japan
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Di Vito C, Mikulak J, Mavilio D. On the Way to Become a Natural Killer Cell. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1812. [PMID: 31428098 PMCID: PMC6688484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes playing pivotal roles in host defense and immune-surveillance. The homeostatic modulation of germ-line encoded/non-rearranged activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors (NKRs) determines the capability of these innate lymphocytes to either spare "self" cells or to kill viral-infected, tumor-transformed and heterologous cell targets. However, despite being discovered more than 40 years ago, several aspects of NK cell biology remain unknown or are still being debated. In particular, our knowledge of human NK cell ontogenesis and differentiation is still in its infancy as the majority of our experimental evidence on this topic mainly comes from findings obtained in vitro or with animal models in vivo. Although both the generation and the maintenance of human NK cells are sustained by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), the precise site(s) of NK cell development are still poorly defined. Indeed, HSCs and hematopoietic precursors are localized in different anatomical compartments that also change their ontogenic commitments before and after birth as well as in aging. Currently, the main site of NK cell generation and maturation in adulthood is considered the bone marrow, where their interactions with stromal cells, cytokines, growth factors, and other soluble molecules support and drive maturation. Different sequential stages of NK cell development have been identified on the basis of the differential expression of specific markers and NKRs as well as on the acquisition of specific effector-functions. All these phenotypic and functional features are key in inducing and regulating homing, activation and tissue-residency of NK cells in different human anatomic sites, where different homeostatic mechanisms ensure a perfect balance between immune tolerance and immune-surveillance. The present review summarizes our current knowledge on human NK cell ontogenesis and on the related pathways orchestrating a proper maturation, functions, and distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Di Vito
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Joanna Mikulak
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Kansler ER, Li MO. Innate lymphocytes-lineage, localization and timing of differentiation. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:627-633. [PMID: 30804475 PMCID: PMC6804950 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphocytes are a diverse population of cells that carry out specialized functions in steady-state homeostasis and during immune challenge. While circulating cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cells have been studied for decades, tissue-resident innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have only been characterized and studied over the past few years. As ILCs have been largely viewed in the context of helper T-cell biology, models of ILC lineage and function have been founded within this perspective. Notably, tissue-resident innate lymphocytes with cytotoxic potential have been described in an array of tissues, yet whether they are derived from the NK or ILC lineage is only beginning to be elucidated. In this review, we aim to shed light on the identities of innate lymphocytes through the lenses of cell lineage, localization, and timing of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Kansler
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Mele D, Pasi A, Cacciatore R, Mantovani S, Oliviero B, Mondelli MU, Varchetta S. Decreased interferon-γ production by NK cells from KIR haplotype B carriers in hepatitis C virus infection. Liver Int 2019; 39:1237-1245. [PMID: 31177636 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Different population genetics studies showed that interactions between killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and HLA play a role in viral disease outcome, but functional correlates are missing. Building upon our previous work pointing to a regulatory role for KIR3DL1/DS1 in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we analysed whether its expression may affect natural killer (NK) cell function in the presence or absence of its principal ligand HLA-Bw4 in KIR haplotype A and B carriers, which are characterized by a different representation of activating and inhibitory KIRs. METHODS We performed KIR and HLA class I genotypic analysis in 54 healthy donors (HD) and 50 HCV+ subjects and examined NK cell cytokine secretion and degranulation in the context of KIR3DL1-HLA-Bw4 match stratified by KIR haplotype. RESULTS KIR3DL1-HLA-Bw4 match induced functional NK cell modulation, reflected by reduced interferon (IFN)γ production in haplotype B HCV+ patients compared to HD. This functional impairment could be ascribed to the KIR3DS1 negative HCV-infected patient population, whose NK cells also showed a significantly decreased proportion of KIR3DL1. Haplotype A HCV-infected patients showed increased NK cell degranulation compared with HD in the absence of KIR-HLA-Bw4 match and this activity was associated with increased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that NK cells from HCV+ patients have an unbalanced ability to produce IFNγ and to kill target cells in haplotype A and B carriers, suggesting the existence of complex functional differences governed by KIR-HLA interaction, particularly on KIR3DL1 expressing NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Mele
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Pasi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immuno-Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rosalia Cacciatore
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immuno-Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Mantovani
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Oliviero
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario U Mondelli
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Varchetta
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Stamatiades EG, Li MO. Tissue-resident cytotoxic innate lymphoid cells in tumor immunosurveillance. Semin Immunol 2019; 41:101269. [PMID: 30904283 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphocytes play an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis at steady state and during inflammation. The population of innate lymphocytes is incredibly diverse and heterogeneous with the successive identification of new subsets including innate lymphoid cells that arise from progenitors distinct from those of natural killer cells. Although generally considered as T helper-like lymphocytes, innate lymphoid cells with cytotoxic potential can be identified in many tissues. The tissue-resident cytotoxic innate lymphocytes derived from innate lymphoid cell and/or natural killer cell lineages are well positioned in sensing malignant transformation and initiating antitumor immunity. This review provides an overview of innate lymphocyte biology and discuss their roles in tumor immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Erbe AK, Wang W, Carmichael L, Hoefges A, Grzywacz B, Reville PK, Ranheim EA, Hank JA, Kim K, Seo S, Mendonca EA, Song Y, Kenkre VP, Hong F, Gascoyne RD, Paietta E, Horning SJ, Miller JS, Kahl B, Sondel PM. Follicular lymphoma patients with KIR2DL2 and KIR3DL1 and their ligands (HLA-C1 and HLA-Bw4) show improved outcome when receiving rituximab. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:70. [PMID: 30871628 PMCID: PMC6419437 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group evaluated rituximab treatment schedules for patients with newly-diagnosed low-tumor-burden follicular-lymphoma (FL). All patients received 4-weekly rituximab treatments as induction therapy. Clinically-responding patients were randomized to receive rituximab every 13 weeks ("maintenance") vs. no additional rituximab until progression ("non-maintenance"). Based on "time-to-rituximab-failure (TTRF)", the study-committee reported there was no overall-benefit for maintenance rituximab in this setting. Tumor-reactive mAbs, like rituximab, trigger natural killer (NK) cells. NK-cell responses are regulated, in part, by interactions between killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) on NK cells and their interactions with KIR-ligands. In a separate study of children with neuroblastoma treated with a different mAb, we found certain KIR/KIR-ligand genotypes associated with improved outcome. Here, we assessed whether a subset of FL patients show improved outcome from the maintenance rituximab based on these same KIR/KIR-ligand genotypes. METHODS Genotypes for KIR/KIR-ligand were determined and assessed for associations with outcome [duration of response, TTRF and % tumor shrinkage] as a post-hoc analysis of this phase III trial. Our primary objective was to assess specific KIR/KIR-ligand genotype associations, followed by separate prespecified KIR/KIR-ligand genotype associations in follow-up analyses. Statistical analyses for association of genotype with clinical outcome included: Log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards regression models to assess duration of response and TTRF; analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for assessment of % tumor shrinkage. RESULTS We found that patients inheriting KIR2DL2 and its ligand (HLA-C1) along with KIR3DL1 and its ligand (HLA-Bw4) had improved outcome over patients without this genotype. In addition, patients with KIR2DL2 and HLA-C1 along with KIR3DL1 and HLA-Bw4 also showed improved duration of response and tumor shrinkage if they received maintenance, while patients without this genotype showed no such improvement when receiving maintenance. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here indicate that a subset of FL patients, identified by certain KIRs/KIR-ligands, have improved outcome and may benefit from additional rituximab treatment. Taken together, this suggests that the efficacy of tumor-reactive mAb treatment for some patients is influenced by KIRs on NK cells. However, prior to considering these genotypes in a clinically-actionable manner, these findings need independent validation in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Erbe
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lakeesha Carmichael
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anna Hoefges
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bartosz Grzywacz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Patrick K Reville
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Erik A Ranheim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jacquelyn A Hank
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - KyungMann Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Songwon Seo
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Eneida A Mendonca
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yiqiang Song
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Fangxin Hong
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Randy D Gascoyne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Paietta
- Montefiore Medical Center-North Division, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brad Kahl
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paul M Sondel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, 4159 WIMR Bldg, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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Zaghi E, Calvi M, Marcenaro E, Mavilio D, Di Vito C. Targeting NKG2A to elucidate natural killer cell ontogenesis and to develop novel immune-therapeutic strategies in cancer therapy. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:1243-1251. [PMID: 30645023 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr0718-300r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells with a primary role in the immune surveillance against non-self-cells. NK cell recognition of "self" relies on the surface expression on autologous cells of MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules. Either the absence or the down-modulation of MHC-I on target cells "license" NK cells to kill threatening tumor-transformed or virally infected cells. This phenomenon is controlled by a limited repertoire of activating and inhibitory NK receptors (aNKRs and iNKRs) that tunes NK cell activation and effector functions. Hence, the calibration of NK cell alloreactivity depends on the ability of iNKRs to bind MHC-I complex and these interactions are key in regulating both NK cell differentiation and effector functions. Indeed, the presence of iNKRs specific for self-MHC haplotypes (i) plays a role in the "licensing/education" process that controls the responsiveness of mature NK cells and prevents their activation against the "self" and (ii) is exploited by tumor cells to escape from NK cell cytotoxicity. Herein, we review our current knowledge on function and clinical application of NKG2A, a C-type lectin iNKR that binds specific haplotypes of human leukocyte antigens early during the NK cell maturation process, thus contributing to modulate the terminal maturation of NK cells as potent effectors against cancers cells. These NKG2A-mediated mechanisms are currently being exploited for developing promising immune-therapeutic strategies to improve the prognosis of solid and blood tumors and to ameliorate the clinical outcome of patients undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to treat high-risk hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zaghi
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Calvi
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (DI.ME.S.) and Centro di Eccellenza per le Ricerche Biomediche (CEBR), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Di Vito
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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Hamers AAJ, Joshi SK, Pillai AB. Innate Immune Determinants of Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Bidirectional Immune Tolerance in Allogeneic Transplantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3. [PMID: 33511333 PMCID: PMC7839993 DOI: 10.21926/obm.transplant.1901044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The success of tissue transplantation from a healthy donor to a diseased individual (allo-transplantation) is regulated by the immune systems of both donor and recipient. Developing a state of specific non-reactivity between donor and recipient, while maintaining the salutary effects of immune function in the recipient, is called “immune (transplantation) tolerance”. In the classic early post-transplant period, minimizing bidirectional donor ←→ recipient reactivity requires the administration of immunosuppressive drugs, which have deleterious side effects (severe immunodeficiency, opportunistic infections, and neoplasia, in addition to drug-specific reactions and organ toxicities). Inducing immune tolerance directly through donor and recipient immune cells, particularly via subsets of immune regulatory cells, has helped to significantly reduce side effects associated with multiple immunosuppressive drugs after allo-transplantation. The innate and adaptive arms of the immune system are both implicated in inducing immune tolerance. In the present article, we will review innate immune subset manipulations and their potential applications in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to cure malignant and non-malignant hematological disorders by inducing long-lasting donor ←→ recipient (bidirectional) immune tolerance and reduced graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). These innate immunotherapeutic strategies to promote long-term immune allo-transplant tolerance include myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory macrophages, tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs), Natural Killer (NK) cells, invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells, gamma delta T (γδ-T) cells and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk A J Hamers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology / Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sunil K Joshi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology / Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Asha B Pillai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology / Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Holtz Children's Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Holder KA, Lajoie J, Grant MD. Natural Killer Cells Adapt to Cytomegalovirus Along a Functionally Static Phenotypic Spectrum in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2494. [PMID: 30483249 PMCID: PMC6240648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Events related to HCMV infection drive accumulation of functionally enhanced CD57posNKG2Cpos adapted NK cells. We investigated NK cell adaptation to HCMV along a proposed continuum progressing from acute activation through maturation and memory formation towards functional exhaustion. Acute exposure to conditioned medium collected 24 h after HCMV infection (HCMVsn) increased NK cell cytotoxicity for all HCMV-seronegative and seropositive donors tested, with mean 38 and 29% boosts in natural and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), respectively. Increases in NK cell cytotoxicity were completely abrogated by blocking type I interferon (IFN) receptors and equivalent responses occurred with exposure to IFN-α2 alone at the same concentration present in HCMVsn. To study longer term effects of HCMV infection, we focused on three groups of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects distinguished as HCMV-seronegative or HCMV-seropositive with either high (>20%) or low (<6%) fractions of their NK cells expressing NKG2C. The NK cells of all three HIV-infected groups responded to HCMVsn and IFN-α2 in a manner similar to the NK cells of either HCMV-seronegative or seropositive controls. Neither HCMV status, nor the extent of phenotypic evidence of adaptation to HCMV infection significantly affected mean levels of ADCC or CD16-mediated NK cell degranulation and IFN-γ production compared between the HIV-infected groups. Levels of IFN-γ production correlated significantly with the fraction of NK cells lacking FcεRIγ (FcRγ), but not with the fraction of NK cells expressing NKG2C. There was negligible expression of exhaustion markers Lag-3 and PD-1 on NK cells in any of the groups and no significant difference between groups in the fraction of NK cells expressing Tim-3. The fraction of NK cells expressing Tim-3 was unaffected by CD16 stimulation. Relative to the total NK cell population, responses of Tim-3-expressing cells to CD16 stimulation were variably compromised in HCMV seronegative and seropositive groups. In general, NK cell function in response to signaling through CD16 was well preserved in HIV infection and although HCMV had a clear effect on NK cell FcRγ and NKG2C expression, there was little evidence that the level of adaptation to HCMV infection affected CD16-dependent NK cell signaling in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla A Holder
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Julie Lajoie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michael D Grant
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Program, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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Rajabi F, Drake LA, Senna MM, Rezaei N. Alopecia areata: a review of disease pathogenesis. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:1033-1048. [PMID: 29791718 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alopecia areata is a disorder that results in nonscarring hair loss. The psychological impact can be significant, leading to feelings of depression and social isolation. Objectives In this article, we seek to review the pathophysiological mechanisms proposed in recent years in a narrative fashion. METHODS We searched MEDLINE and Scopus for articles related to alopecia areata, with a particular emphasis on its pathogenesis. RESULTS The main theory of alopecia areata pathogenesis is that it is an autoimmune phenomenon resulting from a disruption in hair follicle immune privilege. What causes this breakdown is an issue of debate. Some believe that a stressed hair follicle environment triggers antigen presentation, while others blame a dysregulation in the central immune system entangling the follicles. Evidence for the latter theory is provided by animal studies, as well investigations around the AIRE gene. Different immune-cell lines including plasmacytoid dendritic cells, natural killer cells and T cells, along with key molecules such as interferon-γ, interleukin-15, MICA and NKG2D, have been identified as contributing to the autoimmune process. CONCLUSIONS Alopecia areata remains incurable, although it has been studied for years. Available treatment options at best are beneficial for milder cases, and the rate of relapse is high. Understanding the exact mechanisms of hair loss in alopecia areata is therefore of utmost importance to help identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rajabi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - L A Drake
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, U.S.A
| | - M M Senna
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, U.S.A
| | - N Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Sheffield, U.K
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Suen WCW, Lee WYW, Leung KT, Pan XH, Li G. Natural Killer Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy: A Review on 10 Years Completed Clinical Trials. Cancer Invest 2018; 36:431-457. [PMID: 30325244 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2018.1515315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
NK cell cancer immunotherapy is an emerging anti-tumour therapeutic strategy that explores NK cell stimulation. In this review, we address strategies developed to circumvent limitations to clinical application of NK cell-based therapies, and comprehensively review the design and results of clinical trials conducted in the past 10 years (2008-2018) to test their therapeutic potential. NK cell-based immunotherapy of solid cancers remains controversial, but merit further detailed investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade Chun-Wai Suen
- a Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital , Shatin , Hong Kong.,b Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology , Bao-An People's Hospital , Shenzhen , PR China.,c Department of Haematology , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Wayne Yuk-Wai Lee
- a Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital , Shatin , Hong Kong.,d Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital , Shatin , Hong Kong
| | - Kam-Tong Leung
- e Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong
| | - Xiao-Hua Pan
- b Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology , Bao-An People's Hospital , Shenzhen , PR China
| | - Gang Li
- a Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital , Shatin , Hong Kong.,d Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital , Shatin , Hong Kong.,f The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System , The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen , PR China
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45
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Nixon BG, Li MO. Tissue-Resident Cytolytic Innate Lymphocytes in Cancer. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:408-414. [PMID: 29311382 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are critical components of tissues in the body, providing a first line of defense against challenges to host integrity. In contrast to strictly cytokine-producing helper ILCs, resident innate lymphocyte populations with cytolytic potential have been identified in multiple tissues in both mouse and human. These cells express the transcription factor Tbet, NK cell receptors, granzymes, perforin, and death receptors, and can directly kill tumor cells. Signals in the tumor microenvironment may promote this response, including the cytokine IL-15 and stress-associated ligands for activating NK receptors. Although there is evidence that these cells are tissue and tumor resident, their lineage remains unclear. Whether they are derived from the NK or helper ILC lineages or represent a third differentiation pathway remains to be determined. A better understanding of their lineage will help clarify their regulation and function in the context of antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana G Nixon
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065; and.,Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065; and
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Schafer JR, Salzillo TC, Chakravarti N, Kararoudi MN, Trikha P, Foltz JA, Wang R, Li S, Lee DA. Education-dependent activation of glycolysis promotes the cytolytic potency of licensed human natural killer cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:346-358.e6. [PMID: 30096390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism by which natural killer (NK) cell education results in licensed NK cells with heightened effector function against missing self-targets is not known. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify potential mechanisms of enhanced function in licensed human NK cells. METHODS We used expanded human NK cells from killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)/HLA-genotyped donors sorted for single-KIR+ cells to generate pure populations of licensed and unlicensed NK cells. We performed proteomic and gene expression analysis of these cells before and after receptor cross-linking and performed functional and metabolic analysis before and after interference with selected metabolic pathways. We verified key findings using freshly isolated and sorted NK cells from peripheral blood. RESULTS We confirmed that licensed human NK cells are greater in number in peripheral blood and proliferate more in vitro than unlicensed NK cells. Using high-throughput protein analysis, we found that unstimulated licensed NK cells have increased expression of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme M2 and after KIR cross-linking have increased phosphorylation of the metabolic modulators p38-α and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α. After cytokine expansion and activation, unlicensed NK cells depended solely on mitochondrial respiration for cytolytic function, whereas licensed NK cells demonstrated metabolic reprogramming toward glycolysis and mitochondrial-dependent glutaminolysis, leading to accumulation of glycolytic metabolites and depletion of glutamate. As such, blocking both glycolysis and mitochondrial-dependent respiration was required to suppress the cytotoxicity of licensed NK cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data support an arming model of education in which enhanced glycolysis in licensed NK cells supports proliferative and cytotoxic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolie R Schafer
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center-UT Health, Houston, Tex; Departments of Pediatrics Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - Travis C Salzillo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center-UT Health, Houston, Tex; Cancer Systems Imaging Houston, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - Nitin Chakravarti
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Meisam Naeimi Kararoudi
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Prashant Trikha
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jennifer A Foltz
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shulin Li
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center-UT Health, Houston, Tex; Departments of Pediatrics Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - Dean A Lee
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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Bernson E, Hallner A, Sander FE, Nicklasson M, Nilsson MS, Christenson K, Aydin E, Liljeqvist JÅ, Brune M, Foà R, Aurelius J, Martner A, Hellstrand K, Thorén FB. Cytomegalovirus Serostatus Affects Autoreactive NK Cells and Outcomes of IL2-Based Immunotherapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:1110-1119. [PMID: 29980537 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is reported to promote NK cell differentiation and education. The CMV-induced generation of highly differentiated adaptive-like NK cells has been proposed to affect favorably on the maintenance of remission in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). The impact of CMV infection and adaptive-like NK cells on relapse and survival of patients with AML not receiving allo-SCT remains unknown. We assayed CMV IgG serostatus to determine past CMV infection in 81 nontransplanted AML patients who were receiving relapse-prevention immunotherapy comprising histamine dihydrochloride and low-dose interleukin-2 (HDC/IL2; NCT01347996). CMV seropositivity correlated negatively with leukemia-free and overall survival of patients receiving HDC/IL2, but did not correlate with outcomes in a contemporary control cohort. Analysis of outcome after stratification of patients based on concordant or discordant killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and HLA genotypes implied that the negative impact of CMV seropositivity was restricted to patients lacking a ligand to inhibitory KIRs (iKIR). Previous CMV infection was also associated with fewer NK cells expressing only nonself iKIRs (NS-iKIR). We propose that CMV-driven NK cell education depletes the population of NS-iKIR NK cells, which in turn reduces the clinical benefit of relapse-preventive immunotherapy in AML. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(9); 1110-9. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Bernson
- TIMM Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexander Hallner
- TIMM Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frida E Sander
- TIMM Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Nicklasson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin S Nilsson
- TIMM Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Christenson
- TIMM Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ebru Aydin
- TIMM Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan-Åke Liljeqvist
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Brune
- Department of Hematology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robin Foà
- Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University, Sapienza, Italy
| | - Johan Aurelius
- TIMM Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Martner
- TIMM Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Hellstrand
- TIMM Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik B Thorén
- TIMM Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Modak S, Le Luduec JB, Cheung IY, Goldman DA, Ostrovnaya I, Doubrovina E, Basu E, Kushner BH, Kramer K, Roberts SS, O'Reilly RJ, Cheung NKV, Hsu KC. Adoptive immunotherapy with haploidentical natural killer cells and Anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody m3F8 for resistant neuroblastoma: Results of a phase I study. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1461305. [PMID: 30221057 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1461305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell-mediated antibody-dependent toxicity is a potent mechanism of action of the anti-GD2 murine monoclonal antibody 3F8 (m3F8). Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and HLA genotypes modulate NK activity and are key prognostic markers in m3F8-treated patients with neuroblastoma. Endogenous NK-cells are suppressed in the setting of high tumor burden and chemotherapy. Allogeneic NK-cells however, demonstrate potent anti-neuroblastoma activity. We report on the results of a phase I clinical trial of haploidentical NK-cells plus m3F8 administered to patients with high-risk neuroblastoma after conditioning chemotherapy. The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated NK-cell dose (MTD). Secondary objectives included assessing anti-neuroblastoma activity and its relationship to donor-recipient KIR/HLA genotypes, NK function, and donor NK chimerism. Patients received a lymphodepleting regimen prior to infusion of haploidentical CD3-CD56+ NK-cells, followed by m3F8. Overall and progression free survival (PFS) were assessed from the time of first NK-cell dose. Univariate Cox regression assessed relationship between dose and outcomes. Thirty-five patients received NK-cells at one of five dose levels ranging from <1×106 to 50×106 CD3-CD56+cells/kg. One patient experienced grade 3 hypertension and grade 4 pneumonitis. MTD was not reached. Ten patients (29%) had complete or partial response; 17 (47%) had no response; and eight (23%) had progressive disease. No relationship was found between response and KIR/HLA genotype or between response and FcγRIII receptor polymorphisms. Patients receiving >10×106 CD56+cells/kg had improved PFS (HR: 0.36, 95%CI: 0.15-0.87, p = 0.022). Patient NK-cells displayed high NKG2A expression, leading to inhibition by HLA-E-expressing neuroblastoma cells. Adoptive NK-cell therapy in combination with m3F8 is safe and has anti-neuroblastoma activity at higher cell doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Modak
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Irene Y Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Debra A Goldman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Irina Ostrovnaya
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Ellen Basu
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Brian H Kushner
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Kim Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Stephen S Roberts
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Richard J O'Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Katharine C Hsu
- Immunology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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KIR3DL1 alleles and their epistatic interactions with human leukocyte antigen class I influence resistance and susceptibility to HIV-1 acquisition in the Pumwani sex worker cohort. AIDS 2018; 32:841-850. [PMID: 29280757 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the associations of KIR3DL1/S1(3DL1/S1) and its epistatic interactions with human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) alleles with resistance and susceptibility to HIV-1. DESIGN Despite repeated exposure to HIV-1, a subset of women enrolled in the Pumwani sex worker cohort remain HIV uninfected. Previous studies have shown that specific HLA class I and II alleles were associated with this natural immunity. In this study, we investigated the association of 3DL1/S1 and its epistatic interactions with HLA-I, with resistance or susceptibility to HIV-1 acquisition. METHODS We used a sequence-based typing method to genotype 3DL1/S1 of 641 women in this cohort. The association of 3DL1/S1 and its epistatic interactions with HLA-I were analyzed using SPSS statistics software. RESULTS 3DL1041 is enriched in the HIV-1-resistant women [P = 0.009, Pc = 0.0468, odds ratio (OR): 3.359, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39-8.32], whereas, 3DL1020 was associated with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection before correction for multiple comparisons (P = 0.029, Pc = 0.0858, OR: 0.316, 95%CI: 0.10-1.04). Epistatic interactions between several 3DL1 alleles and specific HLA-I alleles were observed. Among them the cocarriage of 3DL1041 with Bw4 (P = 1E - 05, Pc = 0.0015, OR: 13.33, 95%CI: 3.43-51.9), or Bw6 (P = 0.008, Pc = 0.272, OR: 3.92, 95%CI: 1.51-10.17), increased the odds of remaining HIV-1 uninfected. Further, 3DL1041+/Bw4+ women who entered the cohort HIV negative remained uninfected (P = 0.032, Pc = 0.0858). Cocarriage of 3DL101501 with C02 : 10 (P = 2.73E - 07, Pc = 7.0954E - 06), B15 : 03 (P = 3.21E - 04, Pc = 0.0042), A24 supertype (P = 8.89E - 04, Pc = 0.0077), or A23 : 01 (P = 0.0036, Pc = 0.0236) was associated with increased susceptibility to seroconversion. CONCLUSION The effects of interactions between 3DL1 and HLA-I alleles on resistance/susceptibility to HIV-1 infection suggest that innate immunity plays an important role in HIV-1 acquisition and should be studied and explored for HIV prevention.
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Lin C, Zhang J. Reformation in chimeric antigen receptor based cancer immunotherapy: Redirecting natural killer cell. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:200-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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