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Kokkonen N, Laine AM, Männistö E, Mehtätalo L, Korrensalo A, Tuittila ES. Two Mechanisms Drive Changes in Boreal Peatland Photosynthesis Following Long-Term Water Level Drawdown: Species Turnover and Altered Photosynthetic Capacity. Ecosystems 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00736-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractClimate change and the related increases in evapotranspiration threaten to make northern peatlands drier. The carbon sink function in peatlands is based on the delicate balance between the photosynthesis and decomposition. However, little is known about how existing and invading plant species will photosynthesize under drier conditions. The aim of this study is to quantify the long-term consequences of climate change-induced drying for peatland photosynthesis in the level of individual species and vegetation community. We measured the species-level photosynthesis of vascular plants and mosses characteristic for the three peatland types (rich fen, poor fen, bog) within a 16-year water level drawdown (WLD) experiment. Measurements were made in the laboratory from mesocosms collected from the field within the same day. We applied nonlinear mixed-effects models to test the impact of WLD on hyperbolic photosynthetic light response curve parameters. The model was then used to upscale photosynthesis to site-level. WLD impacted site-level photosynthesis through two mechanisms: species turnover and changes in species-level photosynthesis rate. The rich fen was the most sensitive and underwent major changes through both mechanisms; the vascular plant community shifted to woody plant dominance with higher rate of photosynthesis than the pre-treatment vegetation, and the rate of species-level photosynthesis increased significantly. The bog had a stable plant community with little change in photosynthesis, while the poor fen was an intermediate of the three peatland types. Our results suggest that vascular plants are the main drivers of site-level productivity changes, while mosses are more resistant to change. The change seems proportional to the availability of mineral nutrients, with higher nutrient status supporting vascular plant expansion.
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2
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Świsłowski P, Nowak A, Rajfur M. Is Your Moss Alive during Active Biomonitoring Study? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112389. [PMID: 34834752 PMCID: PMC8625223 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomonitoring was proposed to assess the condition of living organisms or entire ecosystems with the use of bioindicators-species sensitive to specific pollutants. It is important that the bioindicator species remains alive for as long as possible while retaining the ability to react to the negative effects of pollution (elimination/neutralization of hazardous contaminants). The purpose of the study was to assess the survival of Pleurozium schreberi moss during exposure (moss-bag technique) based on the measurement of the concentration of elements (Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb), chlorophyll content, and its fluorescence. The study was carried out using a CCM-300 portable chlorophyll content meter, portable fluorometer, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. As a result of the laboratory tests, no significant differences were found in the chlorophyll content in the gametophytes of mosses tested immediately after collection from the forest, compared to those drying at room temperature in the laboratory (p = 0.175 for Student's t-test results). Mosses exposed using the moss-bag technique of active biomonitoring were characterized by a drop in the chlorophyll content over 12 weeks (more than 50% and 60% for chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b, respectively). Chlorophyll content in mosses during exposure was correlated with actual photochemical efficiency (yield) of photosystem II (calculated value of Pearson's linear correlation coefficient was 0.94-there was a significant correlation between chlorophyll a and yield p = 0.02). The highest metal increases in mosses (RAF values) were observed for zinc, lead, and copper after the second and third month of exposure. The article demonstrates that the moss exposed in an urbanized area for a period of three months maintains the properties of good bioindicator of environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Świsłowski
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Oleska St. 22, 45-052 Opole, Poland;
| | - Arkadiusz Nowak
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Oleska St. 22, 45-052 Opole, Poland;
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Botanical Garden, Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, Prawdziwka St. 2, 02-973 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Rajfur
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Opole, B. Kominka St. 6a, 45-032 Opole, Poland; or
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3
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Perroud PF, Demko V, Ako AE, Khanal R, Bokor B, Pavlovič A, Jásik J, Johansen W. The nuclear GUCT domain-containing DEAD-box RNA helicases govern gametophytic and sporophytic development in Physcomitrium patens. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:307-325. [PMID: 33886069 PMCID: PMC8648619 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01152-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE In Physcomitrium patens, PpRH1/PpRH2 are GUCT-domain-containing DEAD-BOX RNA helicases localize to the nucleus. They are implicated in cell and tissue development in all stages of the moss life cycle. ABSTRACT The DEAD-box-containing RNA helicase family encompasses a large and functionally important group of enzymes involved in cellular processes committed to the metabolism of RNA, including its transcription, processing, transport, translation and decay. Studies indicate this protein family has implied roles in plant vegetative and reproductive developmental processes as well as response to environmental stresses such has cold and high salinity. We focus here on a small conserved sub-group of GUCT domain-containing RNA helicase in the moss Physcomitrium patens. Phylogenetic analysis shows that RNA helicases containing the GUCT domain form a distinct conserved clade across the green lineage. In this clade, the P. patens genome possesses two closely related paralogues RNA helicases predicted to be nuclear, PpRH1 and PpRH2. Using in-locus gene fluorescent tagging we show that PpRH1 is localized to the nucleus in protonema. Analysis of PpRH1 and PpRH2 deletions, individually and together, indicates their potential roles in protonema, gametophore and sporophyte cellular and tissue development in P. patens. Additionally, the ultrastructural analysis of phyllid chloroplasts in Δrh2 and Δrh1/2 shows distinct starch granule accumulation under standard growth conditions associated with changes in photosynthetic activity parameters. We could not detect effects of either temperature or stress on protonema growth or PpRH1 and PpRH2 expression. Together, these results suggest that nuclear GUCT-containing RNA helicases play a role primarily in developmental processes directly or indirectly linked to photosynthesis activity in the moss P. patens. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11103-021-01152-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-François Perroud
- Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Viktor Demko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 84215, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ako Eugene Ako
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Holsetgata 31, 2318, Hamar, Norway
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, Southwell, NG25 0QF, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Rajendra Khanal
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Holsetgata 31, 2318, Hamar, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Boris Bokor
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 84215, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Comenius University in Bratislava Science Park, Ilkovicova 8, 84215, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Pavlovič
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Jásik
- Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Wenche Johansen
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Holsetgata 31, 2318, Hamar, Norway.
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4
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Laine AM, Korrensalo A, Kokkonen NAK, Tuittila E. Impact of long‐term water level drawdown on functional plant trait composition of northern peatlands. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Laine
- School of Forest Sciences University of Eastern Finland Joensuu Finland
| | - Aino Korrensalo
- School of Forest Sciences University of Eastern Finland Joensuu Finland
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Zhou Y, Huang Y, Peng X, Xu J, Hu Y. Sphagnum response to nitrogen deposition and nitrogen critical load: A meta-analysis. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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6
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Orekhova A, Barták M, Casanova-Katny A, Hájek J. Resistance of Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata to photoinhibition: chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of samples from the western and eastern coasts of the Antarctic Peninsula. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:653-663. [PMID: 33866664 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific differences in sensitivity of the Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata from King George Island (KGI) and James Ross Island (JRI) to photoinhibitory treatment were studied in laboratory conditions using chlorophyll fluorescence techniques. Slow (Kautsky) and fast (OJIP) kinetics were used for the measurements. Samples were exposed to a short-term (60 min) photoinhibitory treatment (PIT, 2000 μmol·m-2 ·s-1 PAR). The photoinhibitory treatment (PIT) led to photoinhibition which was indicated by the decrease in FV /FM and ΦPSII in KGI but not in JRI samples. However, this decrease was small and full recovery was reached 90 min after PIT termination. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was activated during the PIT, and rapidly relaxed during recovery. Early stages of photoinhibition showed a drop in FV /FM and ΦPSII to minimum values within the first 10 s of the PIT, with their subsequent increase apparent within fast (0-5 min PIT) and slow (5-50 min PIT) phases of adjustment. The PIT caused a decrease in the performance index (Pi_Abs), photosynthetic electron transport per reaction centre (RC) (ET0 /RC). The PIT induced an increase in thermal dissipation per RC (DI0 /RC), effectivity of thermal dissipation (Phi_D0 ), absorption per RC (ABS/RC) and trapping rate per RC (TR0 /RC). In conclusion, PIT led to only slight photoinhibition followed by fast recovery in S. uncinata from KGI and JRI, since FV /FM and ΦPSII returned to pre-photoinhibitory conditions. Therefore, S. uncinata might be considered resistant to photoinhibition even in the wet state. The KGI samples showed higher resistance to photoinhibition than the JRI samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Orekhova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Division of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Barták
- Department of Experimental Biology, Division of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A Casanova-Katny
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University Temuco, Campus Luis Rivas del Canto, Temuco, Chile
| | - J Hájek
- Department of Experimental Biology, Division of Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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7
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Serk H, Nilsson MB, Figueira J, Wieloch T, Schleucher J. CO 2 fertilization of Sphagnum peat mosses is modulated by water table level and other environmental factors. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1756-1768. [PMID: 33751592 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sphagnum mosses account for most accumulated dead organic matter in peatlands. Therefore, understanding their responses to increasing atmospheric CO2 is needed for estimating peatland C balances under climate change. A key process is photorespiration: a major determinant of net photosynthetic C assimilation that depends on the CO2 to O2 ratio. We used climate chambers to investigate photorespiratory responses of Sphagnum fuscum hummocks to recent increases in atmospheric CO2 (from 280 to 400 ppm) under different water table, temperature, and light intensity levels. We tested the photorespiratory variability using a novel method based on deuterium isotopomers (D6S /D6R ratio) of photosynthetic glucose. The effect of elevated CO2 on photorespiration was highly dependent on water table. At low water table (-20 cm), elevated CO2 suppressed photorespiration relative to C assimilation, thus substantially increasing the net primary production potential. In contrast, a high water table (~0 cm) favored photorespiration and abolished this CO2 effect. The response was further tested for Sphagnum majus lawns at typical water table levels (~0 and -7 cm), revealing no effect of CO2 under those conditions. Our results indicate that hummocks, which typically experience low water table levels, benefit from the 20th century's increase in atmospheric CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Serk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mats B Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - João Figueira
- Department of Chemistry, Scilife Lab, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Wieloch
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Schleucher
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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8
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Oke TA, Turetsky MR. Evaluating
Sphagnum
traits in the context of resource economics and optimal partitioning theories. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobi A. Oke
- Marine Science Inst., The Univ. of Texas Austin 750 Channel View Drive Port Aransas TX 78373 USA
| | - Merritt R. Turetsky
- Inst. of Arctic and Alpine Research, Univ. of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA, and: Dept of Integrative Biology, Univ. of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
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9
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Zhang H, Väliranta M, Piilo S, Amesbury MJ, Aquino-López MA, Roland TP, Salminen-Paatero S, Paatero J, Lohila A, Tuittila ES. Decreased carbon accumulation feedback driven by climate-induced drying of two southern boreal bogs over recent centuries. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2435-2448. [PMID: 31961026 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Northern boreal peatlands are important ecosystems in modulating global biogeochemical cycles, yet their biological communities and related carbon dynamics are highly sensitive to changes in climate. Despite this, the strength and recent direction of these feedbacks are still unclear. The response of boreal peatlands to climate warming has received relatively little attention compared with other northern peatland types, despite forming a large northern hemisphere-wide ecosystem. Here, we studied the response of two ombrotrophic boreal peatlands to climate variability over the last c. 200 years for which local meteorological data are available. We used remains from plants and testate amoebae to study historical changes in peatland biological communities. These data were supplemented by peat property (bulk density, carbon and nitrogen content), 14 C, 210 Pb and 137 Cs analyses and were used to infer changes in peatland hydrology and carbon dynamics. In total, six peat cores, three per study site, were studied that represent different microhabitats: low hummock (LH), high lawn and low lawn. The data show a consistent drying trend over recent centuries, represented mainly as a change from wet habitat Sphagnum spp. to dry habitat S. fuscum. Summer temperature and precipitation appeared to be important drivers shaping peatland community and surface moisture conditions. Data from the driest microhabitat studied, LH, revealed a clear and strong negative linear correlation (R2 = .5031; p < .001) between carbon accumulation rate and peat surface moisture conditions: under dry conditions, less carbon was accumulated. This suggests that at the dry end of the moisture gradient, availability of water regulates carbon accumulation. It can be further linked to the decreased abundance of mixotrophic testate amoebae under drier conditions (R2 = .4207; p < .001). Our study implies that if effective precipitation decreases in the future, the carbon uptake capacity of boreal bogs may be threatened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Väliranta
- Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Piilo
- Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthew J Amesbury
- Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Thomas P Roland
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | - Annalea Lohila
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Soriano G, Del-Castillo-Alonso MÁ, Monforte L, Núñez-Olivera E, Martínez-Abaigar J. Acclimation of Bryophytes to Sun Conditions, in Comparison to Shade Conditions, Is Influenced by Both Photosynthetic and Ultraviolet Radiations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:998. [PMID: 31428117 PMCID: PMC6689964 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We studied the acclimation modalities of bryophytes to sun and shade under ambient or close-to-ambient conditions, measuring variables usually influenced by photosynthetically active (PAR) and ultraviolet (UV) radiations. Our aim was to elucidate to what extent the responses to changing radiations were influenced by PAR and UV wavelengths. For this aim, we used three taxonomically and structurally different species: the thalloid liverwort Marchantia polymorpha subsp. polymorpha, the leafy liverwort Jungermannia exsertifolia subsp. cordifolia, and the moss Fontinalis antipyretica. In the field, liverworts were more radiation-responsive than the moss, and the thalloid liverwort was more responsive than the leafy liverwort. Sun plants of M. polymorpha showed, in comparison to shade plants, higher sclerophylly, lower Chl a + b contents, higher Chl a/b ratios, higher (antheraxanthin + zeaxanthin)/(violaxanthin + antheraxanthin + zeaxanthin) ratios (xanthophyll index), lower F v/F m values, higher contents of methanol-soluble vacuolar UV-absorbing compounds (soluble UVACs), higher values of the ratio between the contents of methanol-insoluble cell wall-bound UVACs (insoluble UVACs) and soluble UVACs, higher contents of soluble luteolin and apigenin derivatives and riccionidin A, and higher contents of insoluble p-coumaric and ferulic acids. Overall, these responses reduced light absorption, alleviated overexcitation, increased photoprotection through non-photochemical energy dissipation, increased UV protection through UV screening and antioxidant capacity, and denoted photoinhibition. J. exsertifolia showed moderate differences between sun and shade plants, while responses of F. antipyretica were rather diffuse. The increase in the xanthophyll index was the most consistent response to sun conditions, occurring in the three species studied. The responses of soluble UVACs were generally clearer than those of insoluble UVACs, probably because insoluble UVACs are relatively immobilized in the cell wall. These modalities of radiation acclimation were reliably summarized by principal components analysis. Using the most radiation-responsive species in the field (M. polymorpha), we found, under close-to-ambient greenhouse conditions, that sclerophylly and Chl a + b content were only influenced by PAR, F v/F m, and luteolin and apigenin derivatives were only determined by UV, and xanthophyll index was influenced by both radiation types. Thus, responses of bryophytes to radiation can be better interpreted considering the influence of both PAR and UV radiation.
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11
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Wang Z, Bader MY, Liu X, Zhu Z, Bao W. Comparisons of photosynthesis-related traits of 27 abundant or subordinate bryophyte species in a subalpine old-growth fir forest. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:7454-7461. [PMID: 28944030 PMCID: PMC5606851 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Bryophyte communities can exhibit similar structural and taxonomic diversity as vascular plant communities, just at a smaller scale. Whether the physiological diversity can be similarly diverse, and whether it can explain local abundance patterns is unknown, due to a lack of community-wide studies of physiological traits. This study re-analyzed data on photosynthesis-related traits (including the nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorophyll concentrations, photosynthetic capacities, and photosynthetic nutrient use efficiencies) of 27 bryophyte species in a subalpine old-growth fir forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. We explored differences between taxonomic groups and hypothesized that the most abundant bryophyte species had physiological advantages relative to other subdominant species. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to summarize the differences among species and trait values of the most abundant and other co-occurring subdominant species. Species from the Polytrichaceae were separated out on both PCA axes, indicating their high chlorophyll concentrations and photosynthetic capacities (axis 1) and relatively high-light requirements (axis 2). Mniaceae species also had relatively high photosynthetic capacities, but their light saturation points were low. In contrast, Racomitrium joseph-hookeri and Lepidozia reptans, two species with a high shoot mass per area, had high-light requirements and low nutrient and chlorophyll concentrations and photosynthetic capacities. The nutrient concentrations, photosynthetic capacities, and photosynthetic nutrient use efficiencies of the most abundant bryophyte species did not differ from co-occurring subdominant species. Our research confirms the links between the photosynthesis-related traits and adaptation strategies of bryophytes. However, species relative abundance was not related to these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
- Ecological Plant GeographyFaculty of GeographyUniversity of MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Maaike Y. Bader
- Ecological Plant GeographyFaculty of GeographyUniversity of MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Xin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
| | - Zhangming Zhu
- School of Ecology and Environmental scienceYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Weikai Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
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12
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Laine AM, Tolvanen A, Mehtätalo L, Tuittila E. Vegetation structure and photosynthesis respond rapidly to restoration in young coastal fens. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:6880-6891. [PMID: 28725366 PMCID: PMC5513228 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Young coastal fens are rare ecosystems in the first stages of peatland succession. Their drainage compromises their successional development toward future carbon (C) reservoirs. We present the first study on the success of hydrological restoration of young fens. We carried out vegetation surveys at six young fens that represent undrained, drained, and restored management categories in the Finnish land uplift coast before and after restoration. We measured plant level carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) from 17 most common plant species present at the sites. Within 5 years of restoration, the vegetation composition of restored sites had started to move toward the undrained baseline. The cover of sedges increased the most in response to restoration, while the cover of deciduous shrubs decreased the most. The rapid response indicates high resilience and low resistance of young fen ecosystems toward changes in hydrology. Forbs had higher photosynthetic and respiration rates than sedges, deciduous shrubs, and grasses, whereas rates were lowest for evergreen shrubs and mosses. The impact of management category on CO2 assimilation was an indirect consequence that occurred through changes in plant species composition: Increase in sedge cover following restoration also increased the potential photosynthetic capacity of the ecosystem. Synthesis and applications. Restoration of forestry drained young fens is a promising method for safeguarding them and bringing back their function as C reservoirs. However, their low resistance to water table draw down introduces a risk that regeneration may be partially hindered by the heavy drainage in the surrounding landscape. Therefore, restoration success is best safeguarded by managing the whole catchments instead of carrying out small-scale projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Laine
- Department of Forest ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiP.O. Box 27FI‐00014HelsinkiFinland
- Present address:
Department of EcologyUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 3000FI‐90014OuluFinland
| | - Anne Tolvanen
- Department of EcologyUniversity of OuluP.O. Box 3000FI‐90014OuluFinland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)University of OuluP.O. Box 413FI‐90014OuluFinland
| | - Lauri Mehtätalo
- School of ComputingUniversity of Eastern FinlandP.O. Box 111FI‐80101JoensuuFinland
| | - Eeva‐Stiina Tuittila
- School of Forest SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandP.O. Box 111FI‐80101JoensuuFinland
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13
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Bengtsson F, Granath G, Rydin H. Photosynthesis, growth, and decay traits in Sphagnum - a multispecies comparison. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:3325-41. [PMID: 27103989 PMCID: PMC4833502 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peat mosses (Sphagnum) largely govern carbon sequestration in Northern Hemisphere peatlands. We investigated functional traits related to growth and decomposition in Sphagnum species. We tested the importance of environment and phylogeny in driving species traits and investigated trade‐offs among them. We selected 15 globally important Sphagnum species, representing four sections (subgenera) and a range of peatland habitats. We measured rates of photosynthesis and decomposition in standard laboratory conditions as measures of innate growth and decay potential, and related this to realized growth, production, and decomposition in their natural habitats. In general, we found support for a trade‐off between measures of growth and decomposition. However, the relationships are not strong, with r ranging between 0.24 and 0.45 for different measures of growth versus decomposition. Using photosynthetic rate to predict decomposition in standard conditions yielded R2 = 0.20. Habitat and section (phylogeny) affected the traits and the trade‐offs. In a wet year, species from sections Cuspidata and Sphagnum had the highest production, but in a dry year, differences among species, sections, and habitats evened out. Cuspidata species in general produced easily decomposable litter, but their decay in the field was hampered, probably due to near‐surface anoxia in their wet habitats. In a principal components analysis, PCA, photosynthetic capacity, production, and laboratory decomposition acted in the same direction. The species were imperfectly clustered according to vegetation type and phylogeny, so that some species clustered with others in the same section, whereas others clustered more clearly with others from similar vegetation types. Our study includes a wider range of species and habitats than previous trait analyses in Sphagnum and shows that while the previously described growth–decay trade‐off exists, it is far from perfect. We therefore suggest that our species‐specific trait measures offer opportunities for improvements of peatland ecosystem models. Innate qualities measured in laboratory conditions translate differently to field responses. Most dramatically, fast‐growing species could only realize their potential in a wet year. The same species decompose fast in laboratory, but their decomposition was more retarded in the field than that of other species. These relationships are crucial for understanding the long‐term dynamics of peatland communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fia Bengtsson
- Department of Plant Ecology and EvolutionEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18DSE‐752 36UppsalaSweden
| | - Gustaf Granath
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 7044SE‐750 07UppsalaSweden
| | - Håkan Rydin
- Department of Plant Ecology and EvolutionEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18DSE‐752 36UppsalaSweden
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Lõhmus A, Remm L, Rannap R. Just a Ditch in Forest? Reconsidering Draining in the Context of Sustainable Forest Management. Bioscience 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biv136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Hyyryläinen A, Rautio P, Turunen M, Huttunen S. Seasonal and inter-annual variation in the chlorophyll content of three co-existing Sphagnum species exceeds the effect of solar UV reduction in a subarctic peatland. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:478. [PMID: 26361579 PMCID: PMC4559556 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We measured chlorophyll (chl) concentration and chl a/b ratio in Sphagnum balticum, S. jensenii, and S. lindbergii, sampled after 7 and 8 years of ultraviolet-B (UVB) and temperature manipulation in an open field experiment in Finnish Lapland (68°N). We used plastic filters with different transmittance of UVB radiation to manipulate the environmental conditions. The plants were exposed to (1) attenuated UVB and increased temperature, (2) ambient UVB and increased temperature and (3) ambient conditions. Chlorophyll was extracted from the capitula of the mosses and the content and a/b ratio were measured spectrophotometrically. Seasonal variation of chlorophyll concentration in the mosses was species specific. Temperature increase to 0.5-1 °C and/or attenuation of solar UVB radiation to ca. one fifth of the ambient (on average 12 vs. 59 uW/cm(2)) had little effect on the chlorophyll concentration or its seasonal variation. In the dominant S. lindbergii, UVB attenuation under increased temperature led to a transient decrease in chlorophyll concentration. Altogether, species-specific patterns of seasonal chlorophyll variation in the studied Sphagna were more pronounced than temperature and UVB treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hyyryläinen
- />Department of Biology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Pasi Rautio
- />The Natural Resources Institute Finland, P.O. Box 16, 96300 Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Minna Turunen
- />Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, P.O. Box 122, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Satu Huttunen
- />Department of Biology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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16
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Weston DJ, Timm CM, Walker AP, Gu L, Muchero W, Schmutz J, Shaw AJ, Tuskan GA, Warren JM, Wullschleger SD. Sphagnum physiology in the context of changing climate: emergent influences of genomics, modelling and host-microbiome interactions on understanding ecosystem function. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:1737-1751. [PMID: 25266403 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands harbour more than one-third of terrestrial carbon leading to the argument that the bryophytes, as major components of peatland ecosystems, store more organic carbon in soils than any other collective plant taxa. Plants of the genus Sphagnum are important components of peatland ecosystems and are potentially vulnerable to changing climatic conditions. However, the response of Sphagnum to rising temperatures, elevated CO2 and shifts in local hydrology have yet to be fully characterized. In this review, we examine Sphagnum biology and ecology and explore the role of this group of keystone species and its associated microbiome in carbon and nitrogen cycling using literature review and model simulations. Several issues are highlighted including the consequences of a variable environment on plant-microbiome interactions, uncertainty associated with CO2 diffusion resistances and the relationship between fixed N and that partitioned to the photosynthetic apparatus. We note that the Sphagnum fallax genome is currently being sequenced and outline potential applications of population-level genomics and corresponding plant photosynthesis and microbial metabolic modelling techniques. We highlight Sphagnum as a model organism to explore ecosystem response to a changing climate and to define the role that Sphagnum can play at the intersection of physiology, genetics and functional genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Weston
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Collin M Timm
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Lianhong Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Wellington Muchero
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
- HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - A Jonathan Shaw
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Gerald A Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Warren
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Stan D Wullschleger
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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17
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Maanavilja L, Kangas L, Mehtätalo L, Tuittila ES. Rewetting of drained boreal spruce swamp forests results in rapid recovery ofSphagnumproduction. J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Maanavilja
- Peatland Ecology Group; Department of Forest Sciences; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 27 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Laura Kangas
- Peatland Ecology Group; Department of Forest Sciences; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 27 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Lauri Mehtätalo
- School of Forest Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; P.O. Box 111 FI-80101 Joensuu Finland
- School of Computing; University of Eastern Finland; P.O. Box 111 FI-80101 Joensuu Finland
| | - Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
- Peatland Ecology Group; Department of Forest Sciences; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 27 00014 Helsinki Finland
- School of Forest Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; P.O. Box 111 FI-80101 Joensuu Finland
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18
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Yuan Y, Long P, Jiang C, Li M, Huang L. Development and characterization of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers based on a full-length cDNA library of Scutellaria baicalensis. Genomics 2015; 105:61-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Laing CG, Granath G, Belyea LR, Allton KE, Rydin H. Tradeoffs and scaling of functional traits inSphagnumas drivers of carbon cycling in peatlands. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Kangas L, Maanavilja L, Hájek T, Juurola E, Chimner RA, Mehtätalo L, Tuittila ES. Photosynthetic traits of Sphagnum and feather moss species in undrained, drained and rewetted boreal spruce swamp forests. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:381-96. [PMID: 24634723 PMCID: PMC3936385 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In restored peatlands, recovery of carbon assimilation by peat-forming plants is a prerequisite for the recovery of ecosystem functioning. Restoration by rewetting may affect moss photosynthesis and respiration directly and/or through species successional turnover. To quantify the importance of the direct effects and the effects mediated by species change in boreal spruce swamp forests, we used a dual approach: (i) we measured successional changes in moss communities at 36 sites (nine undrained, nine drained, 18 rewetted) and (ii) photosynthetic properties of the dominant Sphagnum and feather mosses at nine of these sites (three undrained, three drained, three rewetted). Drainage and rewetting affected moss carbon assimilation mainly through species successional turnover. The species differed along a light-adaptation gradient, which separated shade-adapted feather mosses from Sphagnum mosses and Sphagnum girgensohnii from other Sphagna, and a productivity and moisture gradient, which separated Sphagnum riparium and Sphagnum girgensohnii from the less productive S. angustifolium, S. magellanicum and S. russowii. Undrained and drained sites harbored conservative, low-production species: hummock-Sphagna and feather mosses, respectively. Ditch creation and rewetting produced niches for species with opportunistic strategies and high carbon assimilation. The direct effects also caused higher photosynthetic productivity in ditches and in rewetted sites than in undrained and drained main sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kangas
- Peatland Ecology Group, Department of Forest Sciences, University of HelsinkiP. O. Box 27, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan, 49931
| | - Liisa Maanavilja
- Peatland Ecology Group, Department of Forest Sciences, University of HelsinkiP. O. Box 27, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Tomáš Hájek
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicDukelská 135, Třeboň, 379 82, Czech Republic
| | - Eija Juurola
- Peatland Ecology Group, Department of Forest Sciences, University of HelsinkiP. O. Box 27, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physics, University of HelsinkiP.O. Box 68, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Rodney A Chimner
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan, 49931
| | - Lauri Mehtätalo
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern FinlandP.O. Box 111, Joensuu, FI-80101, Finland
- School of Computing, University of Eastern FinlandP.O. Box 111, Joensuu, FI-80101, Finland
| | - Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
- Peatland Ecology Group, Department of Forest Sciences, University of HelsinkiP. O. Box 27, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern FinlandP.O. Box 111, Joensuu, FI-80101, Finland
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21
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Turetsky MR, Bond-Lamberty B, Euskirchen E, Talbot J, Frolking S, McGuire AD, Tuittila ES. The resilience and functional role of moss in boreal and arctic ecosystems. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 196:49-67. [PMID: 22924403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mosses in northern ecosystems are ubiquitous components of plant communities, and strongly influence nutrient, carbon and water cycling. We use literature review, synthesis and model simulations to explore the role of mosses in ecological stability and resilience. Moss community responses to disturbance showed all possible responses (increases, decreases, no change) within most disturbance categories. Simulations from two process-based models suggest that northern ecosystems would need to experience extreme perturbation before mosses were eliminated. But simulations with two other models suggest that loss of moss will reduce soil carbon accumulation primarily by influencing decomposition rates and soil nitrogen availability. It seems clear that mosses need to be incorporated into models as one or more plant functional types, but more empirical work is needed to determine how to best aggregate species. We highlight several issues that have not been adequately explored in moss communities, such as functional redundancy and singularity, relationships between response and effect traits, and parameter vs conceptual uncertainty in models. Mosses play an important role in several ecosystem processes that play out over centuries - permafrost formation and thaw, peat accumulation, development of microtopography - and there is a need for studies that increase our understanding of slow, long-term dynamical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Turetsky
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph ON N1G 1G2, Canada
| | - B Bond-Lamberty
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, DOE Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 5825 University Research Ct, College Park, MD, USA
| | - E Euskirchen
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - J Talbot
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, and Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Département de Géographie, Université de Montréal, Montréal QC H2V 2B8, Canada
| | - S Frolking
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, and Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - A D McGuire
- US Geological Survey, Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - E-S Tuittila
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland
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22
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Limpens J, Granath G, Aerts R, Heijmans MMPD, Sheppard LJ, Bragazza L, Williams BL, Rydin H, Bubier J, Moore T, Rochefort L, Mitchell EAD, Buttler A, van den Berg LJL, Gunnarsson U, Francez AJ, Gerdol R, Thormann M, Grosvernier P, Wiedermann MM, Nilsson MB, Hoosbeek MR, Bayley S, Nordbakken JF, Paulissen MPCP, Hotes S, Breeuwer A, Ilomets M, Tomassen HBM, Leith I, Xu B. Glasshouse vs field experiments: do they yield ecologically similar results for assessing N impacts on peat mosses? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 195:408-418. [PMID: 22537052 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
• Peat bogs have accumulated more atmospheric carbon (C) than any other terrestrial ecosystem today. Most of this C is associated with peat moss (Sphagnum) litter. Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition can decrease Sphagnum production, compromising the C sequestration capacity of peat bogs. The mechanisms underlying the reduced production are uncertain, necessitating multifactorial experiments. • We investigated whether glasshouse experiments are reliable proxies for field experiments for assessing interactions between N deposition and environment as controls on Sphagnum N concentration and production. We performed a meta-analysis over 115 glasshouse experiments and 107 field experiments. • We found that glasshouse and field experiments gave similar qualitative and quantitative estimates of changes in Sphagnum N concentration in response to N application. However, glasshouse-based estimates of changes in production--even qualitative assessments-- diverged from field experiments owing to a stronger N effect on production response in absence of vascular plants in the glasshouse, and a weaker N effect on production response in presence of vascular plants compared to field experiments. • Thus, although we need glasshouse experiments to study how interacting environmental factors affect the response of Sphagnum to increased N deposition, we need field experiments to properly quantify these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Limpens
- Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - G Granath
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Aerts
- Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Systems Ecology, Free University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M M P D Heijmans
- Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - L J Sheppard
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Edinburgh Bush Estate Penicuik, EH26 0QB, Scotland
| | - L Bragazza
- Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Wetlands Research Group, Site Lausanne, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Laboratory of Ecological Systems (ECOS), Batiment GR, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B L Williams
- Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Aberdeen, UK
| | - H Rydin
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Bubier
- Mount Holyoke College, Environmental Studies Department, Clapp Laboratory, 50 College Street, South Hadley, Massachusetts 01075, USA
| | - T Moore
- Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2K6
| | - L Rochefort
- Department of Plant Sciences, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l'Agriculture, Quebec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - E A D Mitchell
- Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2009 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - A Buttler
- WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Wetlands Research Group, Site Lausanne, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Laboratory of Ecological Systems (ECOS), Batiment GR, Station 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS - INRA, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - L J L van den Berg
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - U Gunnarsson
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A-J Francez
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO & FR90 CAREN, Rennes University, CNRS, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - R Gerdol
- Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d'Este 32, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Thormann
- Aquilon Environmental Consulting Ltd., 3111 Spence Wynd SW, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6X 0H7
| | - P Grosvernier
- LIN'eco, Case postale 80, 2732 Reconvilier, Switzerland
| | - M M Wiedermann
- Soil Science, Biogeochemistry, Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - M B Nilsson
- Soil Science, Biogeochemistry, Department of Forest Ecology & Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - M R Hoosbeek
- Earth System Science - Climate Change, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S Bayley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - J-F Nordbakken
- The Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Postbox 115, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - M P C P Paulissen
- Alterra, Team Ecological Modelling and Monitoring, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S Hotes
- Department of Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - A Breeuwer
- Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Ilomets
- Department of Landscape Ecology, Institute of Ecology, Tallinn University, Uus-Sadama 5, EE-10120 Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - I Leith
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Edinburgh Bush Estate Penicuik, EH26 0QB, Scotland
| | - B Xu
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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Gundale MJ, Nilsson M, Bansal S, Jäderlund A. The interactive effects of temperature and light on biological nitrogen fixation in boreal forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 194:453-463. [PMID: 22329746 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant productivity is predicted to increase in northern latitudes as a result of climate warming; however, this may depend on whether biological nitrogen (N)-fixation also increases. We evaluated how the variation in temperature and light affects N-fixation by two boreal feather mosses, Pleurozium schreberi and Hylocomium splendens, which are the primary source of N-fixation in most boreal environments. We measured N-fixation rates 2 and 4 wk after exposure to a factorial combination of environments of normal, intermediate and high temperature (16.3, 22.0 and 30.3°C) and light (148.0, 295.7 and 517.3 μmol m(-2) s(-1)). Our results showed that P. schreberi achieved higher N-fixation rates relative to H. splendens in response to warming treatments, but that the highest warming treatment eventually caused N-fixation to decline for both species. Light strongly interacted with warming treatments, having positive effects at low or intermediate temperatures and damaging effects at high temperatures. These results suggest that climate warming may increase N-fixation in boreal forests, but that increased shading by the forest canopy or the occurrence of extreme temperature events could limit increases. They also suggest that P. schreberi may become a larger source of N in boreal forests relative to H. splendens as climate warming progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gundale
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE901-83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE901-83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sheel Bansal
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE901-83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Jäderlund
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE901-83 Umeå, Sweden
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24
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Laine AM, Juurola E, Hájek T, Tuittila ES. Sphagnum growth and ecophysiology during mire succession. Oecologia 2011; 167:1115-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-2039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Zona D, Oechel WC, Richards JH, Hastings S, Kopetz I, Ikawa H, Oberbauer S. Light-stress avoidance mechanisms in aSphagnum-dominated wet coastal Arctic tundra ecosystem in Alaska. Ecology 2011; 92:633-44. [DOI: 10.1890/10-0822.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Tobias M, Niinemets U. Acclimation of photosynthetic characteristics of the moss Pleurozium schreberi to among-habitat and within-canopy light gradients. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2010; 12:743-754. [PMID: 20701697 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Light availability varies strongly among moss habitats and within the moss canopy, and vertical variation in light within the canopy further interacts with the age gradient. The interacting controls by habitat and canopy light gradient and senescence have not been studied extensively. We measured light profiles, chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoid (Car) and nitrogen (N) concentrations, and photosynthetic electron transport capacity (J(max)) along habitat and canopy light gradients in the widespread, temperate moss Pleurozium schreberi to separate sources of variation in moss chemical and physiological traits. We hypothesised that this species, like typical feather mosses with both apical and lateral growth, exhibits greater plasticity in the canopy than between habitats due to deeper within-canopy light gradients. For the among-habitat light gradient, Chl, Chl/N and Chl/Car ratio increased with decreasing light availability, indicating enhanced light harvesting in lower light and higher capacity for photoprotection in higher light. N and J(max) were independent of habitat light availability. Within the upper canopy, until 50-60% above-canopy light, changes in moss chemistry and photosynthetic characteristics were analogous to patterns observed for the between-habitat light gradient. In contrast, deeper canopy layers reflected senescence of moss shoots, with pigment and nitrogen concentrations and photosynthetic capacity decreasing with light availability. Thus, variation in chemical and physiological traits within the moss canopy is a balance between acclimation and senescence. This study demonstrates extensive light-dependent variation in moss photosynthetic traits, but also that between-habitat and within-canopy light gradient affects moss physiology and chemistry differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tobias
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.
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Paal J, Vellak K, Liira J, Karofeld E. Bog Recovery in Northeastern Estonia after the Reduction of Atmospheric Pollutant Input. Restor Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100x.2009.00608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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