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Shirzaiy M, Dalirsani Z, Peymankar P, Taherizadeh M. Relationship between salivary levels of interleukin-8 and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 6:e455. [PMID: 37775939 PMCID: PMC10638620 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease, which genetic and environmental factors play a role in its pathogenesis. Cytokines as important elements in the immune system have diverse expressions in different individuals and societies and are effective in the pathogenesis of diabetes. This study investigated the relationship between blood sugar control and salivary levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 73 subjects (35 diabetic and 38 healthy individuals). Unstimulated saliva samples were collected and the correlation between IL-8, as an inflammatory marker and HbA1c (Haemoglobin A1C) was studied. RESULTS The levels of IL-8 and HbA1c were significantly higher in the patient group than control group (p < .001, p < .001, respectively). There was not any relationship between salivary IL-8 levels and glycemic control levels (p = .629). Also, there was no remarkable difference between men and women in terms of the levels of IL-8 and HbA1c saliva (p = .524, p = .998, respectively). CONCLUSION Although the salivary IL-8 levels were higher in the diabetic patients, blood sugar control did not significantly affect cytokine concentrations. Increased salivary levels of IL-8 in patients with type 2 diabetes could be a basis for risk assessment, prevention and treatment of diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Shirzaiy
- Oral and Dental Disease Research CenterZahedan University of Medical ScienceZahedanIran
| | - Zohreh Dalirsani
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Payam Peymankar
- Oral and Dental Disease Research CenterZahedan University of Medical ScienceZahedanIran
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Ghasemi H, Mozaffari HR, Kohsari M, Hatami M, Yari K, Marabi MH. Association of interleukin-8 polymorphism (+ 781 C/T) with the risk of oral Lichen Planus disease. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:404. [PMID: 37340381 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucosal disease. The pathogenesis of OLP is unknown. The Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) that occurs in the regulatory position + 781 could affect the expression of interleukin-8. This polymorphism is probably associated with increased serum levels of IL-8. The current study aimed to investigate the genotype and allele frequencies of IL-8( + 781 C/T) in OLP patients and whether it is associated with the severity of OLP disease in an Iranian population. METHODS Three milliliters of saliva were taken from 100 patients with OLP and 100 healthy individuals who were matched in age and gender. After DNA extraction from saliva samples of patients and healthy individuals, the genotype of IL-8 at position + 781 is detected using the PCR-RFLP method. The results were analyzed using SPSS software. RESULTS Frequency of C/C, T/C, and T/T genotypes at position IL-8 + 781 gene in the patient group were 47%, 41%, and 12%, respectively, and in the control group, were 37%, 42%, and 21%. The difference between the two groups regarding allele frequency distribution was statistically significant (χ2 = 3.86, p = 0.049, 95% CI = 0.44-1, OR = 0.66). Our results indicated the significantly higher frequency of the TT genotype in the erosive OLP compared to the nonerosive group (p = 0.03, OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.49-1.6). CONCLUSION This study depicted the difference in the frequency of SNP IL-8 + 781 C/T allele in the patient and control groups had a significant association with the risk of OLP. In addition, our data revealed that IL-8 + 781 C/T polymorphisms might be associated with the severity of OLP in the Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Ghasemi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mozaffari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Kohsari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Hatami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kheirollah Yari
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hesam Marabi
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Deng X, Wang Y, Jiang L, Li J, Chen Q. Updates on immunological mechanistic insights and targeting of the oral lichen planus microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1023213. [PMID: 36700192 PMCID: PMC9870618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1023213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic immune inflammatory disease that is an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD), occurs in the oral mucosa and affects approximately 0.5% to 4% of the general population. There are usually five types of OLP: reticular/papular, plaque-like, atrophic/erythematous, erosive/ulcerative, and bullous. Furthermore, the chance of causing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is 1.4%. Although the etiology of OLP is still unknown, accumulating evidence supports that immune dysregulation may play a vital role in the pathogenesis of OLP, especially the massive production of various inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediators. In this review, we focus on the relationship between OLP and its immune microenvironment. We summarize current developments in the immunology of OLP, summarizing functional cell types and crucial cytokines in the OLP immune microenvironment and the underlying mechanisms of key signaling pathways in the OLP immune microenvironment. We highlight the application potential of targeted immune microenvironment therapy for OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lu Jiang
- *Correspondence: Jing Li, ; Lu Jiang,
| | - Jing Li
- *Correspondence: Jing Li, ; Lu Jiang,
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Husein‐ElAhmed H, Steinhoff M. Potential role of interleukin‐17 in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus: A systematic review with meta‐analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:1735-1744. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Husein Husein‐ElAhmed
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology. Hospital de Baza. Granada. Spain
- Translational Research Institute Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine‐Qatar College of Medicine Doha Qatar
- Qatar University Medical School Doha Qatar
- Dept. of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA
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Nandhini J, Ramasamy S, Kaul R, Sakthivel S, Munshi MAI, Sunil S. Estimation of the level of salivary proinflammatory cytokine in oral lichen planus – A case–control study in cuddalore-based population. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ACADEMY OF ORAL MEDICINE AND RADIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaomr.jiaomr_43_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Qian H, Jiao L, Fan Z, Wang L, Liu B, Miao G. Analysis of Immunologic Function Changes in Lichen Planus After Clinical Treatment. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:8716-8721. [PMID: 30504759 PMCID: PMC6287452 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichen planus (LP) is a common chronic superficial skin lesion that causes chronic or sub-acute inflammatory disorders. LP can affect the oral cavity, skin, mucous membrane, and other body parts, and features include repeat attacks and long duration, leading to lower quality of life. This study aimed to analyze the changes of immunologic function before and after treatment of LP. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty cutaneous LP patients were selected. Peripheral blood was collected in the morning before and after treatment. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated by density gradient method. Flow cytometry was used to detect T cell subpopulation CD4⁺ T cells and CD8⁺ T to calculate CD4⁺ T/CD8⁺ T ratio. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adopted to detect the helper T-cell (Th) factor IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-22 levels. RESULTS Compared with before treatment, the expressions of CD4⁺ T cells and CD8⁺ T cells were decreased, while the proportion of CD4⁺ T/CD8⁺ T were significantly elevated after treatment. IL-2 and IFN-γ secretion were markedly increased, whereas IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-22 were significantly reduced after treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS LP treatment reduces the distribution of CD4⁺ T cells and CD8⁺ T cells, and promotes the changes of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines secretion.
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Damrongrungruang T, Kitchindaopat N, Thanasothon P, Theeranut K, Tippayawat P, Ruangsuwan C, Suwannee B. Effects of photodynamic therapy with azulene on peripheral blood mononuclear cell viability and singlet oxygen formation. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 24:318-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kara YA. The Measurement of Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Levels in Patients with Lichen Planus. Indian J Dermatol 2018; 63:297-300. [PMID: 30078872 PMCID: PMC6052759 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_474_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lichen planus is a common mucocutaneous inflammatory skin disease with a multifactorial etiology. Cytokines have a key role in its pathogenesis. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the disease severity and levels of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) cytokine which was considered as a primary cytokine that initiates the cytotoxicity. Materials and Methods: A total of 34 patients with lichen planus who were 18 year or older and gender-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Serum TNF-α levels were measured by human TNF-α enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test kits and the values in the two groups were statistically compared. Results: The mean serum TNF-α levels were higher in the patient group than that in the control group. Serum TNF-α levels were not associated with oral mucosal involvement and gender. However, it was observed that the level of TNF-α was higher in older ages, both in patient and in control groups. Conclusion: It is thought that TNF-α, a proinflammatory cytokine, may have an important role in the pathogenesis of lichen planus.
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Akpinar Kara Y. The measurement of serum TNF-α levels in patients with lichen planus. ACTA DERMATOVENEROLOGICA ALPINA PANNONICA ET ADRIATICA 2018; 26:85-88. [PMID: 29264897 DOI: 10.15570/actaapa.2017.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichen planus is a common mucocutaneous inflammatory skin disease with a multifactorial etiology. Cytokines play a key role in lichen planus pathogenesis. This study investigates the relationship between disease severity and levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which is considered a primary cytokine that initiates cytotoxicity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Serum TNF-α levels were compared between a patient group (n = 34) and a control group (n = 20). TNF-α serum levels were measured using human TNF-α Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test kits, and the two groups were statistically compared to each other. RESULTS Mean serum TNF-α levels were found to be significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (p < 0.005). However, no significant association was observed between TNF-α levels and oral mucosal involvement (p > 0.005). No relationship was detected between TNF-α levels and patients' sex. CONCLUSION It is thought that TNF-α, a proinflammatory cytokine, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of lichen planus. TNF-α may be a simple and effective predictor to illustrate the inflammatory status in patients with lichen planus.
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Yin M, Li G, Song H, Lin S. Identifying the association between interleukin-6 and lichen planus: A meta-analysis. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:571-575. [PMID: 28529737 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the association between interleukin-6 and the pathogenesis of lichen planus (LP)/oral LP (OLP) in various populations; however, there is a lack of systematic analysis. The aim of the present study was to assess this association more precisely, thus a meta-analysis was performed. Case-control studies, which were published up to December 2015, were obtained from PubMed, Embase and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Data were extracted and pooled mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Ultimately, eight studies were included, comprising 299 LP/OLP cases and 231 control subjects. Overall, the pooled MD for IL-6 was 16.24 (95% CI, 9.84-22.64; I2=99% for heterogeneity). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, a significant increase of the IL-6 expression level was identified among Asian individuals, but not in Caucasian individuals. Thus, IL-6 may be significant in the pathogenesis of LP. However, further studies are required to validate these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yin
- School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Guifeng Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Hui Song
- School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China
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Tavangar A, Ghalayani P, Boroujeni MA, Ghoreishian FS. Salivary levels of interleukin-8 in oral lichen planus and diabetic patients: A biochemical study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2017; 14:209-214. [PMID: 28702063 PMCID: PMC5504874 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.208771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the salivary levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in oral lichen planus (OLP) and diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, and OLP + DM patients in comparison with healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 patients (30 with OLP, 5 with both OLP and DM, 20 with DM and 20 healthy controls). The salivary levels of IL-8 and fasting blood sugar and 2-h postprandial blood glucose levels were measured in all the subjects. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and post hoc least significant difference tests. RESULTS The mean salivary level of IL-8 was the highest in OLP + DM patients, followed by DM, OLP and control groups, respectively. Pair-wise comparisons of the groups revealed significant differences in the salivary levels of IL-8 between OLP and control, DM and control, also OLP + DM patients and control (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The increasing salivary level of IL-8 in the control, OLP, DM, OLP + DM groups, respectively, indicates the role of this inflammatory cytokine in the pathogenesis of OLP and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Tavangar
- Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parichehr Ghalayani
- Dental Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Abbasi Boroujeni
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Al-Mohaya MAM, Al-Otaibi L, Al-Harthi F, Al Bakr E, Arfin M, Al-Asmari A. Association of genetic polymorphisms in interferon-γ, interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor-β1 gene with oral lichen planus susceptibility. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:76. [PMID: 27544215 PMCID: PMC4992569 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a premalignant mucocutaneous disease in which genetic factors and immune responses play a major role. Cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis and disease progression of OLP. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of gene polymorphisms of T helper cell subtype Th1 and Th2 cytokines, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 on OLP susceptibility in a Saudi cohort. METHODS Forty two unrelated patients with OLP and 195 healthy controls were genotyped for IFN-γ (874A/T), IL-6 (174G/C) and TGF-β1 (509C/T) polymorphisms. RESULTS The frequency of genotype AT of IFN-γ (874A/T) was significantly higher while genotype AA was lower in OLP patients as compared to controls (P < 0.05). The frequency of T containing genotypes (AT + TT) was also higher in OLP patients as compared to that in controls (P = 0.003). The frequencies of allele T was higher while that of allele A lower in patients than the controls however the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.07). There was no significant difference in the frequencies of alleles and genotypes of IL-6 (174G/C) and TGF-β1 (509C/T) polymorphisms between patient and control groups. These results indicated that genotype AT of IFN-γ (874A/T) polymorphism is associated with OLP risk and genotype AA is protective to OLP. On the other hand the polymorphisms IL-6 (174G/C) and TGF-β1 (509C/T) may not be associated with OLP risk in our population. CONCLUSION It is concluded that IFN-γ (874A/T) polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility of OLP, however further studies with large sample size involving different ethnic populations should be conducted to strengthen our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Ali M Al-Mohaya
- Department of Dentistry, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lubna Al-Otaibi
- Department of Dentistry, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Harthi
- Department of Dermatology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtissam Al Bakr
- Department of Dentistry, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Misbahul Arfin
- Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, P. O. Box 7897, Riyadh, 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Asmari
- Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, P. O. Box 7897, Riyadh, 11159, Saudi Arabia.
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Tavangar A, Khozeimeh F, Ghoreishian F, Boroujeni MA. Serum level of Interleukin-8 in subjects with diabetes, diabetes plus oral lichen planus, and oral lichen planus: A biochemical study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2016; 13:413-418. [PMID: 27857766 PMCID: PMC5090999 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.192277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correlation between diabetes mellitus (DM) and oral lichen planus (OLP) seems probable. Since Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is an important inflammatory mediator involved in both conditions, this study aimed to measure and compare the serum level of IL-8 in DM, OLP, and DM + OLP patients in comparison with healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross sectional study was conducted on 75 patients (30 OLP, 5 OLP and type II DM, 20 type II DM, and 20 healthy controls). Serum levels of IL-8, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and 2-h postprandial blood sugar were measured in the four groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 by one-way ANOVA and post_hocleast significant difference test. RESULTS Type II DM patients with OLP had the highest mean serum level of IL-8 followed by OLP, DM and control groups, respectively. Pairwise comparison of groups revealed significant differences in serum IL-8 between the control and OLP and also control and OLP+DM (P < 0.05) groups. No other significant differences were noted. The mean levels of FBS and 2-h postprandial blood sugar were the highest in OLP+DM patients followed by DM, OLP and control groups, respectively. CONCLUSION The ascending trend of serum level of IL-8 in the control, DM, OLP, and DM+OLP patients may indicate the role of this factor in the pathogenesis of DM and OLP. Moreover, it may play a synergistic role in patients suffering from both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Tavangar
- Dental Materials Research Center and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Faezeh Khozeimeh
- Dental Research Center and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Abbasi Boroujeni
- Department of Prosthodontics School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
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Wang H, Zhang D, Han Q, Zhao X, Zeng X, Xu Y, Sun Z, Chen Q. Role of distinct CD4(+) T helper subset in pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 45:385-93. [PMID: 26693958 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory oral mucosal diseases with T-cell-mediated immune pathogenesis. In subepithelial and lamina propria of OLP local lesions, the presence of CD4(+) T helper (CD4(+) Th) cells appeared as the major lymphocytes. These CD4(+) T lymphocytes can differentiate into distinct Th cell types such as Th1, Th2, Treg, Th17, Th22, Th9, and Tfh within the context of certain cytokines environment. Growing evidence indicated that Th1/Th2 imbalance may greatly participate into the cytokine network of OLP immunopathology. In addition, Th1/Th2 imbalance can be regulated by the Treg subset and also greatly influenced by the emerging novel CD4(+) Th subset Th17. Furthermore, the presence of novel subsets Th22, Th9 and Tfh in OLP patients is yet to be clarified. All these Th subsets and their specific cytokines may play a critical role in determining the character, extent and duration of immune responses in OLP pathogenesis. Therefore, we review the roles of distinct CD4(+) Th subsets and their signature cytokines in determining disease severity and susceptibility of OLP and also reveal the novel therapeutic strategies based on T lymphocytes subsets in OLP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dunfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Goel S, Marwah A, Kaushik S, Garg VK, Gupta S. Role of serum interleukin-6 in deciding therapy for multidrug resistant oral lichen planus. J Clin Exp Dent 2015; 7:e477-82. [PMID: 26535093 PMCID: PMC4628801 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell mediated immune response. T cells locally present in the involved tissues release cytokines like interleukin-6 (IL-6), which contributes to pathogenesis of OLP. Also IL-6 has been associated with multidrug resistance protein (MRP) expression by keratinocytes. Correspondingly, upregulation of MRP was found in OLP. We conducted this study to evaluate the effects of various drugs on serum IL-6 in OLP; and correlation of these effects with the nature of clinical response and resistance pattern seen in OLP lesions with various therapeutic modalities. Thus we evaluated the role of serum IL-6 in deciding therapy for multidrug resistant OLP. Material and Methods Serum IL-6 was evaluated in 42 erosive OLP (EOLP) patients and 10 normal mucosa and 10 oral squamous cell carcinoma cases using ELISA technique. OLP patients were randomly divided into 3 groups of 14 patients each and were subjected to Pimecrolimus local application, oral Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) and Methotrexate (MTX) alongwith Pimecrolimus local application. IL-6 levels were evaluated before and after treatment. Results Serum IL-6 levels were raised above 3pg/ml in 26.19% erosive OLP (EOLP) cases (mean- 3.72±8.14). EOLP (5%) cases with IL-6 levels above 5pg/ml were resistant in MTX group. However significant decrease in serum IL-6 corresponding with the clinical resolution was seen in MMF group. Conclusions Significantly raised IL-6 levels in EOLP reflect the chronic inflammatory nature of the disease. As serum IL-6 levels significantly decreased in MMF group, correspondingly no resistance to treatment was noted. However with MTX there was no significant decrease in IL-6 and resistance to treatment was noted in some, especially plaque type lesions. Thus IL-6 can be a possible biomarker in deciding the best possible therapy for treatment resistant OLP.
Key words:Lichen planus, biological markers, cytokines, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunosuppressive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinny Goel
- MDS, Postgraduate student, Dept. of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Delhi
| | - Akanksha Marwah
- MSc. Research associate, Dept. of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Delhi
| | - Smita Kaushik
- MD, Professor, Dept. of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi
| | - Vijay K Garg
- MD, MNAMS, Director Professor & Head, Department of Dermatology & STD, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospital
| | - Sunita Gupta
- MDS, MBA (HCA), FICD (USA), Professor and Head, Dept. of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Delhi
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Quantitative Analysis of Salivary TNF-α in Oral Lichen Planus Patients. Int J Dent 2015; 2015:283465. [PMID: 25861271 PMCID: PMC4377476 DOI: 10.1155/2015/283465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the salivary tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level in oral lichen planus patients and to compare the levels of TNF-α between saliva and serum of OLP and controls. Methods. Serum and whole saliva from 30 patients with active lesions of oral lichen planus (OLP) and 30 healthy persons were investigated for the presence of TNF-α by enzyme immunoassay. Student's independent t-test and two-sample binomial proportion test were used to calculate significance of the mean values of TNF-alpha in serum and saliva and to determine the proportions of the detected and nondetected samples in both groups. Results. Proportion of detection and the mean of detectability between saliva and serum of Group B show an almost equal value, which suggests that saliva can be a good alternate to serum to analyze TNF-α in oral lichen planus patients.
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Domingues R, de Carvalho GC, da Silva Oliveira L, Futata Taniguchi E, Zimbres J, Aoki V, da Silva Duarte A, Sato M. The dysfunctional innate immune response triggered by Toll-like receptor activation is restored by TLR7/TLR8 and TLR9 ligands in cutaneous lichen planus. Br J Dermatol 2014; 172:48-55. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Domingues
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56; Department of Dermatology; Medical School of the University of São Paulo; Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 500, 3rd floor 05403-000 São Paulo Brazil
| | - G. Costa de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56; Department of Dermatology; Medical School of the University of São Paulo; Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 500, 3rd floor 05403-000 São Paulo Brazil
| | - L.M. da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56; Department of Dermatology; Medical School of the University of São Paulo; Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 500, 3rd floor 05403-000 São Paulo Brazil
| | - E. Futata Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56; Department of Dermatology; Medical School of the University of São Paulo; Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 500, 3rd floor 05403-000 São Paulo Brazil
| | - J.M. Zimbres
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56; Department of Dermatology; Medical School of the University of São Paulo; Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 500, 3rd floor 05403-000 São Paulo Brazil
| | - V. Aoki
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56; Department of Dermatology; Medical School of the University of São Paulo; Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 500, 3rd floor 05403-000 São Paulo Brazil
| | - A.J. da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56; Department of Dermatology; Medical School of the University of São Paulo; Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 500, 3rd floor 05403-000 São Paulo Brazil
| | - M.N. Sato
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56; Department of Dermatology; Medical School of the University of São Paulo; Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 500, 3rd floor 05403-000 São Paulo Brazil
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Lu R, Zhang J, Sun W, Du G, Zhou G. Inflammation-related cytokines in oral lichen planus: an overview. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 44:1-14. [PMID: 24329772 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are powerful mediators which play a central role in both innate and adapted immune responses. Aberrant productions of cytokines may lead to the onset of immune deficiency, allergy or autoimmunity, which are involved in the mechanisms of various immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammation disease affecting the oral mucosa with unknown aetiology. Previous studies have described the abnormal expression patterns of various inflammation-related cytokines, such as IL-1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 17, 18, TGF-β, IFN-γ and TNF-α, in lesions, saliva, serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with OLP, which may reflect the immune dysregulation status and emerge as central players in the immunopathogenesis of OLP. Besides, the gene polymorphisms of several cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10 have been found to be involved in the susceptibility of OLP. In this review, we gave a brief introduction of the characteristics and biological functions of these inflammation-related cytokines and summarized for the first time the current knowledge on the involvement of inflammation-related cytokines in OLP. Further research on the exact roles of these cytokines will aid the understanding of the pathogenesis and the identification of novel therapeutic approaches of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China; Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Wang H, Han Q, Luo Z, Xu C, Liu J, Dan H, Xu Y, Zeng X, Chen Q. Oral lichen planus may enhance the expression of Th17-associated cytokines in local lesions of chronic periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:1647-54. [PMID: 24306678 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1131-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to compare the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23 in local periodontal tissues from patients with both chronic periodontitis and oral lichen planus (CP-OLP), patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) only, patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) only, and healthy controls (HC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The periodontal tissues were collected from 15 CP-OLP patients, 15 CP patients, 15 OLP patients, and 10 healthy controls. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed to investigate the protein and mRNA expression level of IL-17 and IL-23 in periodontal lesions from these four groups. RESULTS IHC statistical analysis showed that the expression level of IL-17- and IL-23p19-positive cells significantly increased in CP-OLP group compared with that in CP (P < 0.01) and OLP groups (P < 0.05), showing intense staining reaction in local lamina propria lesions. Meanwhile, qPCR result showed higher IL-17 mRNA level in CP-OLP compared with that in CP and OLP groups and demonstrated a significant increase than OLP group (P < 0.05). Moreover, it was found that IL-17 mRNA expression level in erosive CP-OLP patients was significantly correlated with probing depth and attachment loss (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that there was an increased expression level of IL-17 and IL-23 in periodontal tissues from periodontitis patients with oral lichen planus, which might aggravate the inflammatory response in local lesions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Oral lichen planus and chronic periodontitis may have interaction in disease pathogenesis, while IL-17 detection in local lesions may be helpful in identifying the disease severity in periodontitis patients with oral lichen planus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Interferon-γ and interleukin-4 detected in serum and saliva from patients with oral lichen planus. Int J Oral Sci 2013; 6:22-6. [PMID: 24158143 PMCID: PMC3967304 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2013.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous salivary study had demonstrated an apparent T helper 2 (Th2)-predominance in saliva of oral lichen planus (OLP) patients and suggested a potential of salivary interleukin-4 (IL-4) as a biomarker for monitoring disease severity. To further determine the consistency of Th1/Th2 bias of OLP, this study investigated the expression profile of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-4 in serum and the relationship of the serum levels of these cytokines with their saliva partners. Sixty ethnic Chinese patients with OLP (40 of the erythematous/ulcerative form and 20 of the reticular form) were recruited for this study, with 40 age–sex-matched healthy volunteers as control group. IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in serum and paired saliva samples were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. OLP patient showed a low-level IFN-γ but high-level IL-4 expression profile in both serum and saliva, with a lower IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio. Serum IL-4 level in the erythematous/ulcerative group was significantly higher than that in the reticular group. Serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 were significantly and positively correlated with their saliva partners. These results provided more evidence for Th2 cytokine-predominant immune imbalance in OLP, as well as the potential of IL-4 as the biomarker for monitoring severity of OLP.
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Simark-Mattsson C, Eklund C. Reduced immune responses to purified protein derivative and Candida albicans in oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 42:691-7. [PMID: 23607487 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment of cellular immunity is reported in lichen planus, an autoimmune disease affecting mucosae and skin. Our aim was to investigate immune responses directed against a set of microbial antigens in patients with oral lichen planus and in matched controls. METHODS Venous blood was obtained, and the mononuclear cells were enriched by density gradient centrifugation. The proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was assessed, following stimulation with purified protein derivative (PPD), Candida albicans, phytohemagglutinin or when cells were left unstimulated, after three or six days of cell culture. The production of interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), G-CSF, GM-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-ß was assessed in supernatants using the Bio-plex(®) assay and was complemented with ELISA for selected cytokines. RESULTS Patients with oral lichen planus demonstrated reduced proliferative responses against PPD (P < 0.05) and C. albicans (P < 0.05). The majority of investigated cytokines, including the pro-inflammatory, IFN-γ and TNF-α were expressed at reduced levels in PPD-stimulated supernatants from patients with oral lichen planus. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the findings suggested that memory lymphocytes from patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) may have an impaired functional ability to react against certain recall antigens, as part of a generalized response, which may reflect immune regulatory processes. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of down-regulation in OLP pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Simark-Mattsson
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Public Dental Health Service Västra Götaland, University Clinics, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ding M, Zeng J, Sroussi H, Yu J, Xu J, Cheng X, Fan Y. Interactions between Golli-MBP and Th1/Th2 cytokines in patients with oral lichen planus. Oral Dis 2013; 20:205-11. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Ding
- Department of Anatomy and cell biology; Rush University Medical Center; Chicago IL USA
| | - J Zeng
- Department of Oral Medicine; Institute of Stomatology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - H Sroussi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences; College of Dentistry; University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago IL USA
| | - J Yu
- Department of Oral Medicine; Institute of Stomatology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - J Xu
- Department of Oral Medicine; Institute of Stomatology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - X Cheng
- School of Engineering & Applied Science; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis MO USA
| | - Y Fan
- Department of Oral Medicine; Institute of Stomatology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
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Interaction Between Oral Lichen Planus and Chronic Periodontitis with Th17-Associated Cytokines in Serum. Inflammation 2013; 36:696-704. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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25
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Cytokine profiles in serum of patients with oral lichen planus. Cytokine 2012; 60:701-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Jin X, Wang J, Zhu L, Wang L, Dan H, Zeng X, Chen Q. Association between -308 G/A polymorphism in TNF-α gene and lichen planus: A meta-analysis. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 68:127-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Proliferation and apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with oral lichen planus. Inflammation 2012; 36:419-25. [PMID: 23135214 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9561-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is generally accepted to be a T cell-mediated chronic inflammatory disease with an unclear pathogenesis. There have been numerous studies on the proliferation and apoptosis of T cells in situ. In contrast, research on the proliferation and apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with OLP is rare. The aim of the present study was to investigate the proliferation and apoptosis of PBMCs in patients with OLP. PBMCs were isolated from 20 patients with reticular OLP, 20 patients with atrophic-erosive OLP, and 20 healthy volunteers. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2,5-tetrazolium bromide assays were performed to investigate the proliferation of PBMCs, and caspase-3 colorimetric assays were performed to investigate the apoptosis of PBMCs. The proliferation rate of PBMCs in atrophic-erosive OLP subjects was significantly higher than that in both healthy (P < 0.05) and reticular OLP (P < 0.05) subjects. In contrast, the proliferation rate of PBMCs in reticular OLP subjects was significantly lower than that in healthy subjects (P < 0.05). The apoptosis rates of PBMCs in OLP subjects (P < 0.05) and atrophic-erosive OLP subjects (P < 0.05) were significantly lower than the apoptosis rate in the healthy group. Our findings reinforce the view that T cell-mediated immune responses play a critical role in the pathogenesis of OLP. It can reasonably be concluded that these abnormalities are linked to the presence of inflammatory infiltrates.
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Xie S, Ding L, Xiong Z, Zhu S. Implications of Th1 and Th17 cells in pathogenesis of oral lichen planus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 32:451-457. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-012-0078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lu R, Zhou G, Du G, Xu X, Yang J, Hu J. Expression of T-bet and GATA-3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with oral lichen planus. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:499-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Levels of salivary IFN-gamma, TNF-alfa, and TNF receptor-2 as prognostic markers in (erosive) oral lichen planus. Mediators Inflamm 2011; 2010:847632. [PMID: 21403886 PMCID: PMC3042676 DOI: 10.1155/2010/847632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the feasibility of detecting salivary levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and sTNFR-2 from erosive oral lichen planus (ELP) patients for clinical application, 20 ELP patients were enrolled in the study as were 20 age-sex-matched controls. From all subjects, saliva level of the tested biomarkers was determined by ELISA. Salivary profiles were assessed in ELP patients by ELISA after being treated with prednisone. A significantly higher level of IFN-γ (P ≤ .01), TNF-α (P ≤ .0001), and sTNFR-2 (P ≤ .01) was detected in ELP patients before treatment than in controls. Following treatment, the salivary levels of IFN-γ (P ≤ .01), TNF-α (P ≤ .05), and sTNFR-2 (P ≤ .01) decreased significantly when compared to their pretreatment levels. This study demonstrated that salivary IFN-γ, TNF-α, and sTNFR-2 can be detectable in ELP patients and decreased significantly after treatment with prednisone, which may reveal the possibility of using these disease-related biomarkers in diagnosis and monitoring.
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Association of interleukin-8 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with oral lichen planus in a Chinese population. Inflammation 2010; 33:76-81. [PMID: 19842025 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-009-9160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a CXC chemokine with multiple biological functions, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-8 gene with OLP in a Chinese population. Four SNPs of the IL-8 gene at positions -845 T/C (rs2227532), -738 T/A, -251 A/T (rs4073) and +781 C/T (rs2227306) were analyzed in 109 patients with OLP and 101 normal controls using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The data revealed that the -251 AA genotype and -251 A allele frequency was significantly lower in the erosive OLP (eOLP) group than in the control group (P = 0.012 and P = 0.031, respectively). Haplotype analysis revealed that the -251 A/+781 C haplotype frequency was lower in the eOLP group than in the control group (P = 0.029) while the -251 T/+781 C haplotype frequency was higher in the eOLP patients than in the healthy controls (P = 0.028). The study suggests that the IL-8 polymorphisms may be associated with the severity of OLP in this Chinese cohort.
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Mannose-binding lectin gene (MBL-2) polymorphism in oral lichen planus. Clin Oral Investig 2010; 15:699-704. [PMID: 20499118 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-010-0428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
TNF-α may be associated with the etiopathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP), and it has been suggested that polymorphism of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) increases the in vitro production of TNF- α. The aim of the present study was to assess the relevance of genetic diversity of MBL in OLP. The study sample comprised 90 individuals, 45 OLP patients and 45 healthy volunteers. MBL-2 gene was amplified using real-time PCR. Frequency of A/A genotype was 55.6% in OLP and 53.3% in healthy volunteers. Likewise, A/0 heterozygote genotype was found in 42.2% and 35.6%; 2.2% and 11.1%, had the recessive 0/0 genotype respectively. Frequencies of the "A" and "0" alleles were 77% and 23% in the OLP group and 71.2% in control group. There were no statistically significant differences regarding genotype frequency (p = 0.546) or allele frequency (p = 0.497). In conclusion, no significant association was found between polymorphism of MBL-2 gene and OLP.
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Gorouhi F, Firooz A, Khatami A, Ladoyanni E, Bouzari N, Kamangar F, Gill JK. Interventions for cutaneous lichen planus. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzam Gorouhi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy; No. 79 Taleqani Avenue Tehran Iran 14166-13675
| | - Alireza Firooz
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences; No 79 Taleqani Avenue Tehran Iran 14166-13675
| | - Alireza Khatami
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences; No 79 Taleqani Avenue Tehran Iran 14166-13675
| | - Effie Ladoyanni
- Corbett Hospital, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Trust; Vicarage Road Stourbridge UK DY8 4JB
| | - Navid Bouzari
- University of Miami; Dermatology; 1175 NE Miami Gardens Dr. #708E North Miami Beach Miami Florida USA 33179
| | - Farin Kamangar
- School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University; Department of Public Health Analysis; 1700 E. Cold Spring Lane 4530 Portage Avenue Campus Baltimore USA MD 21251
| | - Jagjot Kaur Gill
- c/o The Cochrane Skin Group, Nottingham University; A103, King's Meadow Campus Lenton Lane Nottingham UK NG7 2NR
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IFN-Gamma and IL-4 in Saliva of Patients with Oral Lichen Planus: A Study in an Ethnic Chinese Population. Inflammation 2009; 32:176-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-009-9118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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Concomitant upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in lesions and circulating plasma of oral lichen planus. J Dent Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1991-7902(09)60002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Carrozzo M, Dametto E, Fasano ME, Arduino P, Bertolusso G, Uboldi de Capei F, Rendine S, Amoroso A. Cytokine gene polymorphisms in hepatitis C virus-related oral lichen planus. Exp Dermatol 2007; 16:730-6. [PMID: 17697145 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine polymorphisms may influence both the risk of developing oral lichen planus (OLP) and the outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients and OLP has been frequently associated with HCV infection. The aim of the present study was to analyse whether cytokine polymorphisms may influence the susceptibility to HCV-related OLP. Thirty-five patients with OLP and chronic HCV infection (OLP-HCV+ve) took part in the study. As controls, 44 patients with OLP but without HCV (OLP-HCV-ve) infection and 140 healthy donors were studied. Thirteen cytokine genes with 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were studied. IFN-gamma UTR 5644 genotype frequencies showed an increase in number of A/T heterozygote in OLP-HCV+ve patients compared with OLP-HCV-ve that approached the statistical significance [P = 0.03, P-corrected (PC) = 0.66]. Contrarily, in OLP-HCV+ve patients, the frequency of genotype -308 G/A of the TNF-alpha was decreased, whereas the genotype -308 G/G was increased compared with OLP-HCV-ve (P = 0.0005, PC = 0.011 and P = 0.0016, PC = 0.0352, respectively). OLP patients with and without HCV infection showed a different genetic cytokine background suggesting distinct pathogenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carrozzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Oral Medicine Section, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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Tao XA, Li CY, Rhodus NL, Xia J, Yang XP, Cheng B. Simultaneous detection of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in lesional tissues and whole unstimulated saliva from patients with oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med 2007; 37:83-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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38
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Xavier GM, de Sá AR, Guimarães ALS, da Silva TA, Gomez RS. Investigation of functional gene polymorphisms interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor in individuals with oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med 2007; 36:476-81. [PMID: 17686006 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00560.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory oral mucosal disease. There are some studies in the literature demonstrating association between cytokines genes polymorphisms and susceptibility to develop some immune-mediate conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate cytokine gene polymorphisms in a sample of Brazilian patients with OLP. Fifty-three patients with OLP (mean age = 43.1 years; range 20-68 years) and 53 healthy volunteers (mean age = 42.9 years; range 21-67) were genotyped for IL-1beta +3954 (C/T), IL-6-174 (G/C), IL-10-1082 (G/A) and TNFA-308 (G/A) gene polymorphisms. Statistical analysis was based on the use of logistic regression (P-values below 0.05 were considered as significant). IL-6 and TNFA homozygous genotypes were significantly more often detected in OLP patients. These genotypes were associated with an increased risk of OLP development (OR 6.89 and 13.04, respectively). IL-1beta and IL-10 gene polymorphisms were not related to OLP development. Our findings clearly demonstrate an association between inheritance of IL-6 and TNFA gene polymorphisms and OLP occurrence, thus giving additional support for genetic basis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Machado Xavier
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Rhodus NL, Cheng B, Ondrey F. Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio in tissue transudates from patients with oral lichen planus. Mediators Inflamm 2007; 2007:19854. [PMID: 17497029 PMCID: PMC1847474 DOI: 10.1155/2007/19854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Revised: 12/17/2006] [Accepted: 12/17/2006] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The characteristics of oral lichen planus (OLP) provoke investigators to explore possible biomarkers by which to monitor disease activity and therapeutic efficacy. Oral fluids may provide an accessible medium for analysis of such biomarkers. Previous studies have shown that activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP), which is a chronic inflammatory disorder mediated by T cells. Prior to the present investigation, reports of the levels of NF-kappa B and its dependent cytokines in oral fluids have not been forthcoming. The purpose of this study was to detect the level of NF-kappa B dependent cytokines, TNF-alpha, IL-1-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 in tissue transudates directly from lesions of OLP, and explore the feasibility of the data for clinical application. STUDY DESIGN Thirteen definitively diagnosed OLP subjects were enrolled in the study as were 13 age-sex matched controls. In each subject, lesion tissue transudates (TTs) were collected by a novel collection technique with a filter paper. The level of cytokines, TNF-alpha, IL-1-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 in three types of oral fluids were determined by ELISA. RESULTS In the tissue transudate(TT), there were significantly higher level of cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 detected in OLP patients than in controls: (TT: 40.0 +/- 9.8 versus 4.5 +/- 0.7, 710 +/- 114 versus 305 +/- 78, 150 +/- 25 versus 1.7 +/- 0.5, 2800 +/- 260 versus 1450 +/- 130, P < .0001; unit: pg/mL). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that NF-kappa B dependent inflammatory cytokines may be detected at increased levels in oral lesion tissue transudates which may have diagnostic and prognostic potentials for monitoring disease activity and making therapeutic decisions in patients with OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson L. Rhodus
- Division of Oral Medicine and Diagnosis, Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- *Nelson L. Rhodus:
| | - Bin Cheng
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Frank Ondrey
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Farrell AM, Dean D, Millard PR, Charnock FM, Wojnarowska F. Cytokine alterations in lichen sclerosus: an immunohistochemical study. Br J Dermatol 2006; 155:931-40. [PMID: 17034521 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the histology of lichen sclerosus is characteristic, the precise nature of the inflammatory changes and the signals provoking them is uncertain. OBJECTIVES To delineate the inflammatory changes in lichen sclerosus more accurately by studying cytokine changes. METHODS An immunohistochemical study of 12 specimens of genital lichen sclerosus and one specimen of extragenital lichen sclerosus was undertaken using monoclonal antibodies to interferon (IFN)-gamma, IFN-gamma receptor, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-2 receptor (CD25), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and its ligand CD11a. Control specimens were seven specimens of normal vulva obtained during gynaecological procedures, three specimens of normal skin, adjacent uninvolved thigh from three of the patients with lichen sclerosus, five specimens of nonvulval psoriasis, four specimens of nonvulval lichen planus and two specimens from chronic wounds. RESULTS The lichen sclerosus specimens demonstrated slightly increased staining for IFN-gamma within the epidermis compared with the normal vulva and nonvulval skin. There was increased dermal staining for IFN-gamma both within the pale zone of the upper dermis and within the inflammatory zone below this. We confirmed our previous demonstration that in lichen sclerosus HLA-DR immunostaining is increased in association with vascular endothelium, the inflammatory cell infiltrate and around the keratinocytes. The areas of the epidermis with the strongest immunostaining for HLA-DR generally also had the strongest staining for IFN-gamma. In the lichen sclerosus specimens the zone of inflammation also demonstrated increased immunostaining for TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, IFN-gamma receptor, CD25, CD11a and ICAM-1 while the zone of sclerosus demonstrated a smaller increase in immunostaining for IFN-gamma receptor, TNF-alpha, CD11a and ICAM-1, and the epidermis demonstrated increased staining for ICAM-1. CONCLUSIONS The increased staining for IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, IFN-gamma receptor, CD25, CD11a and ICAM-1 suggest that the cytokine response in lichen sclerosus shares characteristics of the cytokine response in lichen planus and chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Farrell
- Department of Dermatology, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals, Oxford, UK.
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Sun A, Wang JT, Chia JS, Chiang CP. Serum interleukin-8 level is a more sensitive marker than serum interleukin-6 level in monitoring the disease activity of oral lichen planus. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152:1187-92. [PMID: 15948980 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T-cell-mediated inflammatory disease. Interleukin (IL)-8 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine of host response to injury and inflammation. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether serum IL-8 level was a more sensitive marker than serum IL-6 level in monitoring the disease activity of OLP and to assess whether IL-8 was a useful serum marker in evaluating the therapeutic effects of levamisole on OLP patients. METHODS In this study, we used a solid phase, two-site sequential chemiluminescent immunometric assay to determine the baseline serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in 158 patients with OLP, nine patients with traumatic ulcers (TU) and 54 normal control subjects. Some OLP patients with the serum IL-6 or IL-8 levels higher than the upper limit of normal serum concentration were treated with levamisole for 0.5-6.0 months and their serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels were measured after treatment. RESULTS We found that 28% (44 of 158) OLP, 28% (40 of 142) erosive OLP (EOLP), and 25% (four of 16) nonerosive OLP (NEOLP) patients had a serum IL-6 level greater than the upper normal limit of 4.7 pg mL(-1). In contrast, 63% (99 of 158) OLP, 63% (90 of 142) EOLP and 56% (nine of 16) NEOLP patients had a serum IL-8 level greater than the upper normal limit of 8.7 pg mL(-1). In some OLP patients with the serum IL-6 or IL-8 levels higher than the upper limit of normal serum concentration, treatment with levamisole for a period of 0.5-6.0 months could significantly reduce the mean serum IL-6 level from 14.3 +/- 1.9 pg mL(-1) to 3.2 +/- 0.6 pg mL(-1) (P < 0.001) and could significantly reduce the mean serum IL-8 level from 95.8 +/- 17.1 pg mL(-1) to 14.8 +/- 5.8 pg mL(-1) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Because measurement of the serum IL-8 level can detect more OLP patients with an abnormal serum level than measurement of the serum IL-6 level (63% vs. 28%), we conclude that serum IL-8 level is a more sensitive marker than serum IL-6 level in monitoring the disease activity of OLP. Levamisole can modulate both the serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels in OLP patients. IL-8, like IL-6, is also a useful serum marker in evaluating the therapeutic effects of levamisole on OLP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sun
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Rhodus NL, Cheng B, Myers S, Bowles W, Ho V, Ondrey F. A comparison of the pro-inflammatory, NF-kappaB-dependent cytokines: TNF-alpha, IL-1-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 in different oral fluids from oral lichen planus patients. Clin Immunol 2005; 114:278-83. [PMID: 15721838 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2004.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2004] [Accepted: 12/08/2004] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To explore the feasibility of detection of the level of NF-kappaB-dependent cytokines in oral fluids from patient with oral lichen planus (OLP) for clinical application, 13 OLP subjects were enrolled in the study as were 13 age-sex-matched controls. In each subject, the whole unstimulated saliva (WUS), mixture of saliva and isotonic saline oral rinse (Saliva-NaCl), and lesion tissue transudates (TT) were collected by standard techniques. The level of cytokines, TNF-alpha, IL-1-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 in three types of oral fluids was determined by ELISA. In the three types of oral fluids, a significantly higher level of these cytokines was detected in OLP patients than in normal controls. These results indicate that NF-kappaB-dependent inflammatory cytokines may be detected at increased levels in certain oral fluids which may have diagnostic and prognostic potential for monitoring disease activity and making therapeutic decisions in patients with OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson L Rhodus
- Division of Oral Medicine, Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 7-536 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Gu GM, Martin MD, Darveau RP, Truelove E, Epstein J. Oral and serum IL-6 levels in oral lichen planus patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 98:673-8. [PMID: 15583539 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare IL-6 levels in oral exfoliated mucosal cell samples and in serum in subjects with oral lichen planus versus controls. Study design Ten patients with ulcerative OLP, 10 with reticular OLP, and 10 control subjects were recruited at a University Oral Medicine Clinic. Using smear tissue culture brushes, oral samples were collected from lesional sites for OLP patients and from buccal mucosa for controls into vials with 300 muL PBS. After centrifugation, the supernatants were aspirated for cytokine ELISA assay and protein assay. Venous blood was processed to serum for ELISA assay. Oral IL-6 was expressed as both pg/mL and pg/mug protein, and serum IL-6 was expressed as pg/mL. RESULTS The mean oral IL-6 levels were higher in the ulcerative OLP group (11.19 +/- 5.34 pg/mL) than in the reticular OLP (1.05 +/- 0.34 pg/mL) and control (0.52 +/- 0.29 pg/mL) groups. There were significant differences between ulcerative OLP and reticular OLP groups (P < .039), and between ulcerative OLP and control groups (P < .009). After the standardization of IL-6 concentration by protein, a significant difference in IL-6 concentration was shown only between the ulcerative OLP (0.0245 +/- 0.0121 pg/mug protein) and control (0.0023 +/- 0.0012 pg/mug protein) groups (P < .029). Similarly, the ulcerative OLP group showed a significantly higher serum IL-6 level than the control group (P < .021). CONCLUSION Both oral and serum IL-6 levels were higher in patients with ulcerative OLP. An oral exfoliated cell technique may be a useful and sensitive method to measure IL-6 in patients with OLP as it provided results consistent with those found in peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Man Gu
- Dept. of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
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Mignogna MD, Fedele S, Lo Russo L, Lo Muzio L, Bucci E. Immune activation and chronic inflammation as the cause of malignancy in oral lichen planus: is there any evidence ? Oral Oncol 2004; 40:120-30. [PMID: 14693234 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2003.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The association of chronic inflammation with a variety of epithelial malignancies has been recognised for centuries. Well established examples include, among many others, oesophageal adenocarcinoma associated with chronic oesophagitis and bowel cancer associated with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. By now no data, other than clinical observation, have been available in understanding the pathogenesis of these inflammation-related tumours. However, recent molecular studies on the relationship between solid malignancies and the surrounding stroma have given new insights. There is now enough evidence to accept that the chronic inflammatory process per se is able to provide a cytokine-based microenvironment which is able to influence cell survival, growth, proliferation, differentiation and movement, hence contributing to cancer initiation, progression, invasion and metastasis. Here it is discussed whether also oral lichen planus (OLP), being a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease which has been clinically associated with development of oral squamous cell carcinoma, might be categorised among these disorders. With this aim, we critically reviewed and detailed the presence, in OLP subepithelial infiltrate, of inflammatory cells and cytokine networks that might act to promote squamous tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele D Mignogna
- Section of Oral Medicine, Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Carrozzo M, Uboldi de Capei M, Dametto E, Fasano ME, Arduino P, Broccoletti R, Vezza D, Rendine S, Curtoni ES, Gandolfo S. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma polymorphisms contribute to susceptibility to oral lichen planus. J Invest Dermatol 2004; 122:87-94. [PMID: 14962095 DOI: 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2003.22108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most lymphocytes in the lamina propria of oral lichen planus (OLP) lesions express and secrete interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), whereas they do not secret interleukin-4 and -10 or transforming growth factor-beta. We analyzed whether the polymorphisms of several cytokines may influence the susceptibility to OLP. Cytokine typing was performed by a sequence-specific PCR assay. Thirteen cytokine genes with 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were studied. IFN-gamma UTR 5644 genotype frequencies showed a significant increase in number of T/T homozygotes in OLP patients compared with controls (40.9 vs. 22.9%; p=0.0022). Moreover, in OLP patients, the frequency of the -308A TNF-alpha allele was higher than in the controls (21.6 vs. 9.3%; p < 0.05) causing a significantly increased frequency of the genotype G/A in OLP (43.2 vs. 14.3%; p=0.0002). Because in patients with mucocutaneous lichen planus (LP), the frequency of the -308A TNF-alpha allele was more than double the values in the pure OLP patients (40.9 vs. 15.1%; p=0.003), the -308G/A TNF-alpha genotype showed a significantly higher frequency in patients with mucocutaneous LP than in patients with pure OLP (81.8 vs. 30.3%, p=0.003). In conclusion, we suggest that genetic polymorphism of the first intron of the promoter gene of IFN-gamma may be an important risk factor to develop oral lesions of LP, whereas an increase in the frequency of -308A TNF-alpha allele may best contribute to the development of additional skin involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Carrozzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Oral Medicine Section, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Turin, Italy.
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Sun A, Chia JS, Chang YF, Chiang CP. Serum interleukin-6 level is a useful marker in evaluating therapeutic effects of levamisole and Chinese medicinal herbs on patients with oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med 2002; 31:196-203. [PMID: 12076322 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0714.2002.310402.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell-mediated inflammatory disease. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has effects on cellular and humoral immunities. Previous studies have shown that keratinocytes and tissue-infiltrating mononuclear cells from OLP lesions can secrete IL-6. In some OLP patients, the high serum IL-6 levels are reduced after treatment, suggesting that IL-6 may be a useful marker in evaluating therapeutic effects and in monitoring the disease status of OLP. METHODS In this study, we used a solid phase, two-site sequential chemiluminescent immunometric assay to determine the baseline serum levels of IL-6 in a group of 180 patients with erosive OLP (EOLP), nonerosive OLP (NEOLP), erythema multiforme (EM), traumatic ulcers (TU), oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), pemphigus vulgaris (PV), or Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and in 77 normal control subjects. Some OLP patients were treated with levamisole plus Chinese medicinal herbs or levamisole only for 0.5-5.5 months and their serum IL-6 levels were measured after treatment. RESULTS We found that approximately 99% of the normal control subjects and the patients with EM, TU, or OSF had a normal serum IL-6 level less than 5.0 pg/ml. However, 15% (22/149) OLP patients, 15% (20/136) EOLP patients, 20% (5/25) major type EOLP patients, 14% (15/111) minor type EOLP patients, 15% (2/13) NEOLP patients, 14% (1/7) EM patients, 43% (3/7) PV patients, and 100% (6/6) SS patients had a serum IL-6 level greater than 5.0 pg/ml. The mean serum IL-6 level in patients with OLP (3.4 +/- 3.1 pg/ml, P < 0.001), EOLP (3.4 +/- 3.2 pg/ml, P < 0.001), major type EOLP (4.9 +/- 3.5 pg/ml, P < 0.001), minor type EOLP (3.0 +/- 3.0 pg/ml, P < 0.01), or NEOLP (4.2 +/- 1.5 pg/ml, P < 0.001) was significantly higher than that in normal control subjects (2.0 +/- 1.5 pg/ml). A significant difference in the mean serum IL-6 level was also found between major type and minor type EOLP patients (P < 0.01). The mean reduction of serum IL-6 level in OLP patients treated with levamisole plus Chinese medicinal herbs was significantly higher (7.4 +/- 4.7 pg/ml) than that in OLP patients treated with levamisole only (3.8 +/- 2.3 pg/ml, P < 0.05), suggesting that the combination therapy was superior to levamisole only. CONCLUSION We conclude that levamisole and levamisole plus Chinese medicinal herbs can modulate the serum IL-6 level in OLP patients. IL-6 may be a useful marker in evaluating therapeutic effects and in monitoring the disease status of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Sun
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National, Taiwan University, Taiwan
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Simark-Mattsson C, Jontell M, Bergenholtz G, Dahlgren UI. Reduced in vivo cell-mediated immune responses to mumps, tuberculin, and streptokinase/streptodornase but not to Candida albicans in oral lichen planus. J Dent Res 1999; 78:1704-10. [PMID: 10576166 DOI: 10.1177/00220345990780110701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus is considered to be a T-cell-mediated disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the capacity of T-lymphocytes in oral lichen planus patients to respond to a number of commonly encountered environmental antigens in vivo. To do this, we assessed dermal delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to mumps, streptokinase/streptodornase, Candida albicans, and purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) in 17 oral lichen planus patients and in matched controls. Reduced induration in response toward mumps, PPD, and streptokinase/streptodornase was demonstrated in oral lichen planus patients compared with controls. In addition, the total sum of induration diameters was decreased in the patients. However, C. albicans stimulation resulted in similar levels of response in both groups. The differences in induration size between matched patients and controls for mumps and PPD were thus significantly greater than the corresponding differences for the C. albicans antigen. This suggests that a selective difference in the response to these antigens exists in oral lichen planus patients. The results may point to a loss of memory T-helper function to infrequently encountered environmental antigens, represented by mumps, PPD, and streptokinase/streptodornase, contrarily to memory function to common antigens (C. albicans), which seem to be unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Simark-Mattsson
- Department of Endodontology/Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Odontology, Göteborg, Sweden
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Scully C, Beyli M, Ferreiro MC, Ficarra G, Gill Y, Griffiths M, Holmstrup P, Mutlu S, Porter S, Wray D. Update on oral lichen planus: etiopathogenesis and management. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ORAL BIOLOGISTS 1998; 9:86-122. [PMID: 9488249 DOI: 10.1177/10454411980090010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lichen planus (LP) is a relatively common disorder of the stratified squamous epithelia, which is, in many ways, an enigma. This paper is the consensus outcome of a workshop held in Switzerland in 1995, involving a selection of clinicians and scientists with an interest in the condition and its management. The oral (OLP) eruptions usually have a distinct clinical morphology and characteristic distribution, but OLP may also present a confusing array of patterns and forms, and other disorders may clinically simulate OLP. Lesions may affect other mucosae and/or skin. Lichen planus is probably of multifactorial origin, sometimes induced by drugs or dental materials, often idiopathic, and with an immunopathogenesis involving T-cells in particular. The etiopathogenesis appears to be complex, with interactions between and among genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, but much has now been clarified about the mechanisms involved, and interesting new associations, such as with liver disease, have emerged. The management of lichen planus is still not totally satisfactory, and there is as yet no definitive treatment, but there have been advances in the control of the condition. There is no curative treatment available; immunomodulation, however, can control the condition. Based on the observed increased risk of malignant development, OLP patients should be offered regular follow-up examination from two to four times annually and asked to report any changes in their lesions and/or symptoms. Follow-up may be particularly important in patients with atrophic/ulcerative/erosive affections of the tongue, the gingiva, or the buccal mucosa. Much more research is required into the genetic and environmental aspects of lichen planus, into the premalignant potential, and into the possible associations with chronic liver, and other disorders. More clinical studies are required into the possible efficacy of immunomodulatory drugs such as pentoxifylline and thalidomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Scully
- Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Health Care Sciences, University of London, United Kingdom
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49
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Eversole LR. Immunopathogenesis of oral lichen planus and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. SEMINARS IN CUTANEOUS MEDICINE AND SURGERY 1997; 16:284-94. [PMID: 9421220 DOI: 10.1016/s1085-5629(97)80018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oral mucosal bullous/desquamative/ulcerative diseases involve immunopathological mechanisms that account for loss of adhesion between contiguous keratinocytes or to structures within the basal lamina. Some are antibody mediated, in which specific adhesion molecules of the desmosome, hemidesmosome, and basement membrane become antigenic targets. Oral lichen planus and recurrent apthous ulcers, although manifesting disparate clinical appearances and natural history, share immunopathological features that involve T cell-mediated immunity. Although the antigens, haptens, or autoantigens are not usually apparent, current research poses the hypothesis that both of these common oral mucosal diseases are a delayed-type hypersensitivity or cell-mediated response to an antigenic stimulus residing within the epithelium. This article reviews the research evidence for this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Eversole
- UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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