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Lavaee F, Parhizkar E, Tavakoli F, Zarshenas MM, Asmarian N. Evaluation of the Effects of Punica granatum Flower Tablets on Pain and Healing of Minor Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin Exp Dent Res 2024; 10:e920. [PMID: 39016077 PMCID: PMC11252825 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the therapeutic effect of the Punica granatum (PG) flower on recurrent aphthous stomatitis in comparison with corticosteroid therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-over randomized clinical trial was conducted on the patients who had been referred to Shiraz Dental School for their RAS in 2021. All the participants used both P. granatum flower tablets and Triadent a month apart for wash-out time and all compared themselves. In the experimental group, 30 patients received pomegranate flower tablets, three tablets daily, for 6 days. In the control group, oral paste Triadent has been prescribed three times a day for 6 days. The visual analog scale (VAS) and the size of RAS were evaluated on Days 0-6. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21. The Wilcoxon test was used. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 27.8 ± 14.77 years old. In this study, 15 patients (50%) were men and 15 patients (50%) were women. The mean value of VAS after using prescribed treatment in both evaluated groups on all days was significantly different such that the VAS values were lower for PG flower tablets than Triadent (p value < 0.05). The size of oral lesions in participants who used PG flower tablets was significantly less than those who used Triadent on all evaluation days (p value < 0.05) except on Day 1 (p value = 0.29). The descending slope of VAS from Days 1 to 6 for both Triadent and PG flower tablet users was significant and noticeable. (p value < 0.05). CONCLUSION According to the result of this study, both P. granatum flower tablet and Triadent are useful in reducing the size, period of healing, and VAS of patients with RAS, but the PG flower tablet is more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Lavaee
- Oral and Maxillofacial Disease Department, School of DentistryShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Elahehnaz Parhizkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of PharmacyShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Fatemeh Tavakoli
- Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine Department, School of DentistryShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Mohammad M. Zarshenas
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of PharmacyShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Naeimehossadat Asmarian
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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Teng F, Jin Q. Evaluation of cytokine expressions in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305355. [PMID: 38861558 PMCID: PMC11166324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the expression levels of various T helper (Th) cell-secreted cytokines in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Case-control studies comparing the serum or salivary levels of cytokines between RAS patients and healthy controls were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar prior to September 30, 2023. Cytokines produced by Th1 (interleukin [IL]-1, IL-2, IL-8, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interferon gamma [IFN-γ]), Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13), and Th17 (IL-17A) cells were investigated. The standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to detect the difference. A total of 20 studies comprising 1070 RAS patients and 536 healthy controls were included. RAS patients had significantly higher salivary levels of IL-2 (SMD = 4.15, 95%CI 0.83-7.48), IL-5 (SMD = 0.53, 95%CI 0.05-1.00), IL-6 (SMD = 0.48, 95%CI 0.12-0.84), IL-12 (SMD = 0.94, 95%CI 0.18-1.71), and TNF-α (SMD = 1.31, 95%CI 0.44-2.18) compared to healthy controls. Serum levels of IL-6 (SMD = 0.48, 95%CI 0.30-0.66), TNF-α (SMD = 0.70, 95%CI 0.22-1.17), and IFN-γ (SMD = 0.72, 95%CI 0.17-1.28) were significantly increased, while serum IL-10 levels (SMD = -2.25, 95%CI -3.99 to -0.52) were reduced in RAS patients. Patients diagnosed with major RAS had markedly elevated serum IL-8 levels (SMD = 0.39, 95%CI 0.07-0.71) and a trend toward higher serum IL-6 levels (SMD = 0.51, 95%CI -0.02 to 1.04) than those with minor RAS. In conclusion, Th1/Th2-related cytokines, especially IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α, are involved in the pathogenesis of RAS development and progression and are potential therapeutic targets for RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Teng
- Department of Stomatology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiuchen Jin
- Department of Stomatology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Wei W, Deng Y, Wang Y, Yao H, Du G, Tang G. Dynamic salivary cytokine profile of recurrent aphthous stomatitis patients in thalidomide maintenance treatment. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:140. [PMID: 38334890 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To dynamically compare the longitudinal (time axis) and transverse (between groups) differences of the salivary cytokines during thalidomide maintenance treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. METHODS A randomized, controlled, clinical trial was performed. After the initial prednisone treatment, thalidomide (50 mg/d vs. 25 mg/d) was used as a maintenance drug for 4 or 8 weeks. The salivary IL-4, 5, 6, 10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were dynamically detected with a cytometric bead array. RESULTS Overall, the level of six elevated salivary cytokines after prednisone treatment was significantly downregulated, remained low during thalidomide maintenance, and rebounded at recurrence. The effect of 50 mg/d thalidomide on the salivary cytokines was not superior to 25 mg/d medication. The relapse-free period following drug withdrawal was the longest in the subgroup using 25 mg/d thalidomide for 8 weeks. The order of magnitude of IL-6 was the most obvious, and at week 8, only the level of IL-6 in the group (25 mg/d thalidomide for 8 weeks) continued to decline compared with the other groups. CONCLUSION Thalidomide maintenance treatment can effectively sustain low levels of salivary IL-4, 5, 6, 10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ of recurrent aphthous stomatitis patients. IL-6 displayed a good correlation with the disease and is expected to become an index for diagnosis and follow-up. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Low-dose long-term thalidomide maintenance treatment was supported for recurrent aphthous stomatitis. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration number of ChiCTR-IPR-16009759 at http://www.chictr.org/index.aspx .
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Ear Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine On Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yiwen Deng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Guanhuan Du
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Guoyao Tang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Xiao X, Shi Z, Song Y, Li K, Liu S, Song Z. Oral microbiota in active and passive states of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: An analysis of case-control studies. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 153:105751. [PMID: 37379635 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was presented to reveal the most distinct microbial prevalence in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) lesions compared to healthy controls. DESIGN The case-control studies were selected in electronic databases until Nov 2022 with key search terms, and the eligible publications were screened and analyzed by independent authors. RESULTS A total of 14 studies were identified, which included 531 cases of active states of RAS (AS-RAS), 92 cases of passive states of RAS (PS-RAS) and 372 healthy controls. The most sample pattern was the mucosa swab performed in 8 of 14 studies, biopsies in 3 studies, followed by micro-brush, and saliva. A variety of bacteria in higher or lower abundance were observed in RAS lesions. CONCLUSIONS The etiopathogenesis of RAS may not be ascribed to a single pathogen. A possible explanation is that microbial interactions modify immune response or destroy the epithelial integrity, thus contributing to the development of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xiao
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaocheng Shi
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhan Song
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiyi Li
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhifeng Song
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Surboyo MDC, Boedi RM, Hariyani N, Santosh ABR, Manuaba IBPP, Cecilia PH, Ambarawati IGAD, Parmadiati AE, Ernawati DS. The expression of TNF-α in recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cytokine 2022; 157:155946. [PMID: 35728503 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is related to an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine, namely tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). This cytokine plays an important role in the development of ulcer lesions, both in saliva, tissues and blood. This systematic review analyzed the differences of TNF-α in lesions, salivary and blood and can be used as a reliable method of diagnosis for RAS. METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus databases, Web of Science, Scielo, Google Scholar and Embase with keywords. The inclusion criteria were studies that assessed the saliva, serum, and RAS lesion, with the outcome reporting the mean of saliva, serum and tissue expression of TNF-α. The risk of bias was also assessed. RESULT Healthy individuals showed significantly lower TNF-α than RAS (SMD = -1.517, 95% CI [-2.25, -0.78]). Although there is a significant difference between sample (i.e., saliva, serum) and detection type (i.e., cytometry bead array, ELISA), both methods can detect a significant difference in TNF-α between healthy individuals and RAS patients. CONCLUSIONS The TNF-α is a useful diagnostic marker for RAS. We encourage saliva to detect changes in TNF-α during ulceration as it provides accuracy, reliability, and non-invasive procedure compared to a blood draw.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rizky Merdietio Boedi
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia; Centre of Forensic and Legal Medicine and Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ninuk Hariyani
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Arvind Babu Rajendra Santosh
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of The West Indies, Jamaica
| | | | - Pamela Handy Cecilia
- Graduate School of Dental Sciences Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Diah Savitri Ernawati
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis – An Overview. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2021-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Recurrent aphthous ulcers are common painful mucosal conditions affecting the oral cavity. Despite their high prevalence and knowledge of many etiological factors, the exact mechanism of disease is still not fully understood. There are three different clinical forms of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and the therapy differs depending on it.
The aim of this article is to provide an overview of current knowledge about the possible causes and treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. We discuss its pathogenesis which is currently the least explained in the literature. This review offers scientists and clinicians useful information about clinical presentation, diagnosis, predisposing aetiological factors and recent trends in the management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
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Ornelas-González A, Ortiz-Martínez M, González-González M, Rito-Palomares M. Enzymatic Methods for Salivary Biomarkers Detection: Overview and Current Challenges. Molecules 2021; 26:7026. [PMID: 34834116 PMCID: PMC8624596 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection is a key factor in patient fate. Currently, multiple biomolecules have been recognized as biomarkers. Nevertheless, their identification is only the starting line on the way to their implementation in disease diagnosis. Although blood is the biofluid par excellence for the quantification of biomarkers, its extraction is uncomfortable and painful for many patients. In this sense, there is a gap in which saliva emerges as a non-invasive and valuable source of information, as it contains many of the biomarkers found in blood. Recent technological advances have made it possible to detect and quantify biomarkers in saliva samples. However, there are opportunity areas in terms of cost and complexity, which could be solved using simpler methodologies such as those based on enzymes. Many reviews have focused on presenting the state-of-the-art in identifying biomarkers in saliva samples. However, just a few of them provide critical analysis of technical elements for biomarker quantification in enzymatic methods for large-scale clinical applications. Thus, this review proposes enzymatic assays as a cost-effective alternative to overcome the limitations of current methods for the quantification of biomarkers in saliva, highlighting the technical and operational considerations necessary for sampling, method development, optimization, and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mirna González-González
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, N.L., Mexico; (A.O.-G.); (M.O.-M.)
| | - Marco Rito-Palomares
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, N.L., Mexico; (A.O.-G.); (M.O.-M.)
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Shen C, Ye W, Gong L, Lv K, Gao B, Yao H. Serum interleukin-6, interleukin-17A, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J Oral Pathol Med 2021; 50:418-423. [PMID: 33432616 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent aphthous stomatitis remains the most common disease of the oral mucosa. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of serum interleukin-6, interleukin-17A, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. METHODS Using flow cytometry analysis, we detect the level of serum interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-17A, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma in 127 patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis and 20 healthy control cases; compare; and analyze the correlation of each index. RESULTS The levels of serum interleukin-2, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma in the recurrent aphthous stomatitis group were higher than in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < .05). There was no significant difference in interleukin-17A between the two groups. CONCLUSION The levels of serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in recurrent aphthous stomatitis patients were significantly increased. Considering that serum TNF-α was mostly within the normal range, its role in the pathology of RAS needed to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Shen
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijia Ye
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Gong
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kejia Lv
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bicong Gao
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hua Yao
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Tavangar A, Aslani A, Nikbakht N. Comparative Study of Punica granatum Gel and Triadent Oral Paste Effect on Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis, a Double Blind Clinical Trial. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (SHIRAZ, IRAN) 2019; 20:184-189. [PMID: 31579693 PMCID: PMC6732176 DOI: 10.30476/dentjods.2019.44913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Statement of the Problem Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is a common oral lesion, and the use of herbal remedies containing tannin and flavonoid has been reported to be effective in treating aphthous stomatitis. Purpose This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Punica granatum muco-adhesive gel on controlling the oral recurrent aphthous stomatitis and its comparison with Triadent oral paste. Materials and Method In this double-blind clinical trial, 60 patients with minor aphthous stomatitis were enrolled. These patients had no systemic diseases and were not on any medications. The patients were randomly treated with Punica granatum formulated gel, Triadent oral paste and placebo. The time of pain elimination and the time of complete healing were recorded and the pain degree was assessed and recorded by each patient. The data were analyzed using survival analysis and ANOVA test. Results The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that pain relief time in Punica granatum group was lower than placebo group (p= 0.002), even so, it caused no significant difference with the Triadent group in comparison with the placebo group (p= 0.08). The survival analysis also indicated that the wound healing time in Punica granatum group was significantly lower than the other two groups (p< 0.05). Conclusion Punica granatum gel has a successful effect in controlling and treating recurrent aphthous stomatitis. It can be considered as an affordable and inexpensive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Tavangar
- Dental Material Research Center, Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Dental Research Institute,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan,Iran
| | - Abolfazl Aslani
- Dept. of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Gug IT, Tertis M, Hosu O, Cristea C. Salivary biomarkers detection: Analytical and immunological methods overview. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kostic M, Igic M, Jevtovic Stoimenov T, Pejcic A, Pesic Stankovic J. Determination of Salivary Myeloperoxidase, Immunoglobulin E, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α after Complete Denture Insertion. Med Princ Pract 2019; 28:347-351. [PMID: 30844800 PMCID: PMC6639651 DOI: 10.1159/000499429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect activities of salivary myeloperoxidase (MPO) and concentrations of salivary tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α as indicators of inflammatory reaction and salivary immunoglobulin E as an indicator of allergic reaction after complete insertion of acrylic dentures. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Complete dentures were made for a uniform group of elderly patients, and saliva samples were taken immediately before they were given to the patients, as well as 2, 3, 7, and 30 days after insertion of the dentures, with simultaneous monitoring of changes in the oral mucosa. RESULTS After 7 and 30 days of wearing upper and lower complete dentures, nonsignificant increases in salivary MPO and TNF-α were proven to be indicators of inflammation. No changes were observed in the values of salivary immunoglobulin E during a 30-day observational period, which excluded the appearance of allergic reactions to acrylic materials in the tested group of patients. CONCLUSION A nonsignificant increase in the levels of MPO was observed on day 7; it decreased after 30 days. TNF-α also tended to increase in a nonsignificant manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Kostic
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia,
| | - Marko Igic
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | | | - Ana Pejcic
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
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Lorenzo-Pouso AI, Pérez-Sayáns M, Bravo SB, López-Jornet P, García-Vence M, Alonso-Sampedro M, Carballo J, García-García A. Protein-Based Salivary Profiles as Novel Biomarkers for Oral Diseases. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:6141845. [PMID: 30524521 PMCID: PMC6247606 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6141845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Global Burden of Oral Diseases affects 3.5 billion people worldwide, representing the number of people affected by the burden of untreated dental caries, severe periodontal disease, and edentulism. Thus, much more efforts in terms of diagnostics and treatments must be provided in the fight of these outcomes. In this sense, recently, the study of saliva as biological matrix has been identified as a new landmark initiative in the search of novel and useful biomarkers to prevent and diagnose these conditions. Specifically, saliva is a rich reservoir of different proteins and peptides and accessible due to recent advances in molecular biology and specially in targeted and unbiased proteomics technologies. Nonetheless, emerging barriers are an obstacle to the study of the salivary proteome in an effective way. This review aims at giving an overall perspective of salivary biomarkers identified in several oral diseases by means of molecular biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro I. Lorenzo-Pouso
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Mario Pérez-Sayáns
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Susana B. Bravo
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Pía López-Jornet
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María García-Vence
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Manuela Alonso-Sampedro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Santiago de Compostela University Hospital Complex (CHUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Javier Carballo
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Abel García-García
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
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Hegde S, Ajila V, Babu S, Kumari S, Ullal H, Madiyal A. Evaluation of salivary tumour necrosis factor-alpha in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Eur Oral Res 2018; 52:157-161. [PMID: 30775720 DOI: 10.26650/eor.2018.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the salivary levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in subjects with RAS, traumatic ulcers (TUs) in the oral mucosa and in healthy controls. Materials and Methods Present study involved 90 participants of which 30 subjects were diagnosed with RAS, 30 subjects with TUs and 30 healthy controls grouped as group 1, group 2 and group 3 respectively. Unstimulated saliva was collected from the subjects through 'Spit Technique' and the estimation of TNF-α was done by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The data collected was statistically analysed. Results Salivary level of TNF-α was significantly higher in RAS patients than in patients with TUs and healthy controls. Difference between the Salivary TNF-α level in our study groups were statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion Present study suggests that saliva is a convenient and ideal medium for the detection of TNF-α. Statistically significant difference in the level of salivary TNF-α between the RAS and TUs subjects as well as controls suggests the significant contribution of TNF-α in pathogenesis of RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Hegde
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte University, Mangalore, India
| | - Vidya Ajila
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte University, Mangalore, India
| | - Subhas Babu
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte University, Mangalore, India
| | - Suchetha Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Mangalore, India
| | - Harshini Ullal
- Central research laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Mangalore, India
| | - Ananya Madiyal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte University, Mangalore, India
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Chaudhuri K, Nair KK, Ashok L. Salivary levels of TNF-α in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A cross-sectional study. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2018; 12:45-48. [PMID: 29732020 PMCID: PMC5928473 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2018.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a disorder characterized by recurring ulcers involving the oral mucosa in patients with no other signs of disease. The current concept of etiopathogenesis is that RAS is a clinical syndrome with several possible etiologies. The process seen in RAS is probably initiated through an as yet unidentified antigenic stimulation of the mucosal keratinocytes, which stimulates secretion of T-cell activation cytokines ‒ interleukins and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). TNF-α causes inflammation by its effect on endothelial cell adhesion and neutrophil chemotaxis. The rele-vance of TNF-α to the pathogenesis of RAS has stemmed from the observations that anti- TNF-α drugs such as thalidomide and pentoxifylline have been found to be effective in the treatment of RAS. Therefore, the present study was an attempt to measure the levels of salivary TNF-α in patients with RAS, which will reflect the local production of cytokines at the site of the disease. The aim was to evaluate the salivary levels of TNF-α in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
Methods. The study comprised of 60 subjects, of whom 30 clinically proven RAS patients of either sex were selected as cases and 30 healthy, age- and gender- matched subjects were selected as controls. After taking informed consent, 5 mL of unstimulated saliva were collected from both the study and control group subjects. Determination of salivary TNF-α levels was carried out by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and expressed in pg/mL. Statistical analysis of the RAS and control groups was carried out using unpaired t-test. Gender-wise comparison of salivary TNF-α levels in the study and control groups was carried out using one-way ANOVA.
Results. Mean salivary TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the RAS group compared to the control group (P<0.001). It was also revealed that the mean salivary TNF-α levels in females were significantly higher than in males in the study group (PP<0.05).
Conclusion. It is fair to suggest that TNF-α plays a very important mediatory role in the pathogenesis of RAS and may play an important role in the search for a definitive treatment for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanad Chaudhuri
- Former Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Keerthi Krishnankutty Nair
- Former Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - Lingappa Ashok
- Professor and HOD, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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Effects of Zingiber officinalis (WILLD.) ROSC. Membranes on minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a randomized pragmatic trial. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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Hassona Y, Scully C. Salivary changes in oral mucosal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2017; 70:111-27. [PMID: 26662486 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Saliva is a unique biological fluid that can be easily collected and analyzed with low cost and low morbidity. Therefore, there is a growing attention for using salivary biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progress and response to treatment. Salivary changes have been described in relation to oral mucosal diseases. This article discusses the causes and consequences of salivary hypofunction and presents a review of the literature related to changes in salivary parameters in various oral mucosal diseases and in systemic diseases with possible oral mucosal involvement.
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Avci E, Akarslan ZZ, Erten H, Coskun-Cevher S. Oxidative stress and cellular immunity in patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:355-60. [PMID: 24760117 PMCID: PMC4075302 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) is an inflammatory condition of the oral mucosa
characterized by painful, well-circumscribed, single or multiple round or ovoid
ulcerations. The exact etiologic factor(s) of these ulcerations are not yet
understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate inflammatory processes and
free radical metabolism of 25 patients with RAUs compared to 25 healthy controls. The
levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were determined by
high-performance liquid chromatography. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),
interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-10, and IL-12 were determined by ELISA. Nitric oxide (NO),
myeloperoxidase (MPO), total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS)
levels were measured spectroscopically in serum. The levels of MDA, GSH, TNF-α, IL-2,
IL-12, MPO, and TOS, and oxidative stress index (OSI) were higher, and the levels of
NO, IL-10, and TAS were lower in patients with RAU than in controls. Statistical
analysis showed that GSH, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-10, and OSI differed significantly in
patients with RAU compared to controls. These parameters have important roles in
oxidant/antioxidant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Avci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics/Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Z Z Akarslan
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Erten
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Coskun-Cevher
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common ulcerative disease affecting the oral mucosa. RAS occurs mostly in healthy individuals and has an atypical clinical presentation in immunocompromised individuals. The etiology of RAS is still unknown, but several local, systemic, immunologic, genetic, allergic, nutritional, and microbial factors, as well as immunosuppressive drugs, have been proposed as causative agents. Clinical management of RAS using topical and systemic therapies is based on severity of symptoms and the frequency, size, and number of lesions. The goals of therapy are to decrease pain and ulcer size, promote healing, and decrease the frequency of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday O Akintoye
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Martin S Greenberg
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Brogden KA, Johnson GK, Vincent SD, Abbasi T, Vali S. Oral inflammation, a role for antimicrobial peptide modulation of cytokine and chemokine responses. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 11:1097-113. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2013.836059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Karasneh JA, Bani-Hani ME, Alkhateeb AM, Hassan AF, Thornhill MH. Association of MMP but not TIMP-1 gene polymorphisms with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Dis 2013; 20:693-9. [PMID: 24118356 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral inflammatory disease induced by genetic and environmental factors. Gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and their natural inhibitor TIMP-1 are active players in the inflammatory process. We aimed to determine whether inheritance of specific MMP-2, MMP-9, or TIMP-1 gene polymorphisms is associated with RAS susceptibility. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Ninety-six RAS patients and 153 healthy controls were studied. Five polymorphisms were genotyped: rs17576, rs3918242, and rs11697325 in MMP-9, MMP-2 rs2285053, and TIMP-1 rs6609533. Association was assessed by logistic regression analysis after adjustment for confounding factors. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was assessed using the Haploview program. RESULTS MMP-9 rs11697325 was significantly associated with RAS, with an increase in the AA genotype in patients, determined using χ(2) analysis (OR = 2.3, P = 0.006) and adjusted regression analysis (OR = 3.1, P = 0.009). MMP-9 rs11697325 and rs17576 showed strong LD (D' = 0.95), with an increase in the AA haplotype (P = 0.023) and a decrease in the GA haplotype (P = 0.015) in patients. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to investigate the association of MMPs or TIMP-1 with RAS. We found a significant association between MMP-9 rs11697325 polymorphisms and RAS. Confirmatory studies in other populations and functional investigations are needed to determine the role of these genes in RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Karasneh
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
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Gallo CB, Borra RC, Rodini CO, Nunes FD, Sugaya NN. CC chemokine ligand 3 and receptors 1 and 5 gene expression in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 114:93-8. [PMID: 22727097 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the local and systemic expression of CC-chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) and its receptors (CCR1 and CCR5) in tissue samples and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) patients. STUDY DESIGN This case-control study enrolled 29 patients presenting severe RAS manifestations and 20 non-RAS patients proportionally matched by sex and age. Total RNA was extracted from biopsy specimens and peripheral blood mononuclear cells for quatitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The data obtained by relative quantification were evaluated by the 2(-ΔΔCt) method, normalized by the expression of an endogenous control, and analyzed by Student t test. RESULTS The results demonstrated overexpression in RAS tissue samples of all of the chemokines evaluated compared with healthy oral mucosa, whereas the blood samples showed only CCR1 overexpression in RAS patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the increased expression of CCL3, CCR1, and CCR5 may influence the immune response in RAS by T(H)1 cytokine polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila B Gallo
- Stomatology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Resende RG, Abreu MHNG, de Souza LN, Silva MES, Gomez RS, Correia-Silva JDF. Association between IL1B (+3954) polymorphisms and IL-1β levels in blood and saliva, together with acute graft-versus-host disease. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 33:392-7. [PMID: 23659674 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is associated with morbidity and mortality in the recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (allo-HSCTs). Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a potent inflammatory mediator involved in different inflammatory conditions. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of IL1B gene polymorphism in recipients and donors in cases in which acute GVHD (aGVHD) has been reported and the impact of this gene polymorphism on the level of cytokines in the blood and saliva. Fifty-eight consecutive allo-HSCT recipients and their donors were prospectively studied. Saliva and/or blood samples were obtained from the recipients and donors to identify the IL1B gene polymorphism, and cytokine levels were assessed by ELISA. Samples were collected weekly from 7 days before transplantation (day -7) to 100 days after allo-HSCT (day+100), for a total of 16 weeks or until death. aGVHD occurred in 27 individuals evaluated. A significant association was identified between the IL1B polymorphism in the donor and aGVHD development in the corresponding recipients. However, no significant association was detected between the IL1B polymorphism in recipients and the development of aGVHD. In the recipients who were diagnosed with aGVHD, the level of IL-1β in the saliva and blood were increased. In the saliva, IL-1β levels increased progressively from the time before the diagnosis of aGVHD until weeks after the diagnosis, whereas in the blood, IL-1β peak levels could be observed within the time allotted for diagnosis, followed by a decrease in the levels. In addition, we observed a significant association between the IL1B genotype of the recipient (CC) and high IL-1β levels in the saliva at week 13. In conclusion, IL-1β could be considered a useful predictor of aGVHD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Gonçalves Resende
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Sun M, Fu SM, Dong GY, Wu D, Wang GX, Wu Y. Inflammatory factors gene polymorphism in recurrent oral ulceration. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 42:528-34. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Sun
- Center for DNA Typing; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Shan-Min Fu
- Department of Orthodontics; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
- School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Guang-Ying Dong
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
- School of Stomatology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Dan Wu
- Center for DNA Typing; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Guo-Xia Wang
- Center for DNA Typing; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Yuanming Wu
- Center for DNA Typing; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
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Effects of the UK Biobank collection protocol on potential biomarkers in saliva. Int J Epidemiol 2012; 41:1786-97. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dys166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Recurrent Aphthous Ulceration. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-1793-8.00055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Borra RC, De Mesquita Barros F, De Andrade Lotufo M, Villanova FE, Andrade PM. Toll-like receptor activity in Recurrent Aphthous Ulceration. J Oral Pathol Med 2009; 38:289-98. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Frodge BD, Ebersole JL, Kryscio RJ, Thomas MV, Miller CS. Bone remodeling biomarkers of periodontal disease in saliva. J Periodontol 2009; 79:1913-9. [PMID: 18834246 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2008.080070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), C-telopeptide pyridinoline cross-links of type I collagen (ICTP), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) have been associated with bone remodeling and periodontal tissue destruction. This study evaluated the level of these biomarkers in saliva with respect to periodontal disease status. METHODS Levels of TNF-alpha in unstimulated whole saliva of 74 adults (35 subjects with moderate to severe periodontal disease and 39 healthy controls) and salivary levels of RANKL and ICTP of a subset of 21 subjects and 21 matched controls were examined using enzyme immunosorbent assays in a case-control clinical study. RESULTS Salivary levels of TNF-alpha were detected in all subjects, whereas levels of ICTP and RANKL were detected in only a minority of subjects. Mean salivary levels of TNF-alpha were significantly higher in individuals with periodontal disease (mean: 4.33 pg/ml) than in controls (mean: 2.03 pg/ml; P = 0.02), with a maximum level (27.96 pg/ml) observed in periodontitis. Subjects with salivary TNF-alpha levels above a threshold of 5.75 pg/ml (i.e., two standard deviations above the mean of the controls) had significantly more sites with bleeding on probing, probing depths >/=4 mm, and attachment loss > or =2 mm (P < or =0.01). CONCLUSION Salivary levels of TNF-alpha were elevated in patients who had clinical indicators of periodontitis, suggesting that this biomarker may serve in a panel of salivary biomarkers that could facilitate the screening, diagnosis, and management of periodontal disease.
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Femiano F, Lanza A, Buonaiuto C, Gombos F, Nunziata M, Piccolo S, Cirillo N. Guidelines for diagnosis and management of aphthous stomatitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007; 26:728-32. [PMID: 17848886 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0b013e31806215f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aphthous ulcers are the most common oral mucosal lesions in the general population. These often are recurrent and periodic lesions that cause clinically significant morbidity. Many suggestions have been proposed but the etiology of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is unknown. Several precipitating factors for aphthous ulcers appear to operate in subjects with genetic predisposition. An autoimmune or hypersensitivity mechanism is widely considered possible. Sometimes aphthous ulcers can be the sign of systemic diseases, so it is essential to establish a correct diagnosis to determine suitable therapy. Before initiating medications for aphthous lesions, clinicians should determine whether well-recognized causes are contributing to the disease and these factors should be corrected. Various treatment modalities are used, but no therapy is definitive. Topical medications, such as antimicrobial mouth-washes and topical corticosteroids (dexamethasone, triamcinolone, fluocinonide, or clobetasol), can achieve the primary goal to reduce pain and to improve healing time but do not improve recurrence or remission rates. Systemic medications can be tried if topical therapy is ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Femiano
- Stomatology Department, II University of Medicines and Surgery, Naples, Italy.
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Vucićević Boras V, Brailo V, Lukac J, Kordić D, Picek P, Blazic-Potocki Z. Salivary interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with drug-induced xerostomia. Oral Dis 2006; 12:509-11. [PMID: 16910924 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2006.01260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that cytokines are involved in the homeostasis of oral cavity and that altered levels of either serum and/or salivary cytokines have been found in certain oral/systemic diseases. So far, cytokines in connection with xerostomia have been investigated in patients with Sjögren's syndrome. We wanted to find out whether drugs themselves influence salivary glands, which would result in altered cytokine level or whether xerostomia itself of different causes leads to the changes in salivary cytokine levels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate levels of salivary interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in 30 patients with drug-induced xerostomia, age range 29-84 and mean 63.9 years. Control group consisted of 30 healthy participants, age range 30-82 years and mean age 65.2 years. Enzyme-linked immunoassay was performed on commercially available kits. Statistical analysis was performed by use of Student's test. No significant differences in salivary IL-6 and TNF-alpha between patients with drug-induced xerostomia when compared with the healthy controls were found (P < 0.05). We might conclude that drugs do not induce damage to the salivary glands which could be seen in altered salivary IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels and that xerostomia itself, induced by drugs does not alter levels of the investigated salivary cytokines.
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