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Al-Ateeq R, Elsafadi M, Al-Hadlaq S. Effect of polydatin on the viability and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells: An in-vitro study. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:2332-2340. [PMID: 39347037 PMCID: PMC11437310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Various materials have been used to promote human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) differentiation to produce dentin bridge formation with less-than-optimal results. Polydatin (PD), a naturally present material with osteogenic properties can be a promising material in the pulp regeneration/repair process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of (PD) on the viability and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells. Materials and methods PD effect on hDPSCs in terms of cellular viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production, and messenger RNAs (mRNA) of odontogenic markers production using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were evaluated. In addition, mineral deposits were detected with Alizarin red stain. Results The viable hDPSCs in the presence of 0.01 μM and 0.1 μM PD were significantly higher than the control on days 3 and 7, respectively. In addition, ALP activity of hDPSCs was significantly increased with 0.01, 0.1, and 1 μM of PD. In addition, increased expression mRNAs of ALP, osteocalcin (OC), osteonectin (ON), osteopontin (OP), Runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX-2), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) was observed after PD treatment, however, the difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, increased size of mineral deposits was observed with PD. Conclusion PD promoted the expression of markers associated with odontogenic differentiation and mineralized tissue deposition in hDPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Al-Ateeq
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Elsafadi
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Solaiman Al-Hadlaq
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang X, Yang Z, Zhang D, Bai M. The role of Semaphorin 3A in oral diseases. Oral Dis 2024; 30:1887-1896. [PMID: 37771213 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A), also referred to as H-Sema III, is a molecule with significant biological importance in regulating physiological and pathological processes. However, its role in oral diseases, particularly its association with inflammatory immunity and alveolar bone remodeling defects, remains poorly understood. This comprehensive review article aims to elucidate the recent advances in understanding SEMA3A in the oral system, encompassing nerve formation, periodontitis, pulpitis, apical periodontitis, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Notably, we explore its novel function in inflammatory immunomodulation and alveolar bone formation during oral infectious diseases. By doing so, this review enhances our comprehension of SEMA3A's role in oral biology and opens up possibilities for modulatory approaches and potential treatments in oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingru Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Liu P, Li J, Tang L, Cong W, Jin H, Zhang H, Cui B, Yang S, Xiao J, Liu C, Saiyin W. Mutations of family with sequence similarity 20-member C gene causing lethal and nonlethal Raine syndrome causes hypophosphatemia rickets. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2556-2569. [PMID: 37698039 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Family with sequence similarity 20-member C (FAM20C) is a kinase specific to most of the secreted phosphoproteome. FAM20C has been identified as the causative gene of Raine syndrome, initially characterized by lethal osteosclerosis bone dysplasia. However, since the identification of the cases of nonlethal Raine syndrome characterized by hypophosphatemia rickets, the previous definition of Raine syndrome has become debatable and raised a question about the role of mutations of FAM20C in controversial skeletal manifestation in the two forms of the disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of FAM20C mutations on skeletogenesis. We developed transgenic mice expressing Fam20c mutations mimicking those associated with human lethal and nonlethal Raine syndrome. The results revealed that transgenic mice expressing the mutant Fam20c found in the lethal (KO;G374R) and nonlethal (KO;D446N) Raine syndrome exhibited osteomalacia without osteosclerotic features. Additionally, both mutants significantly increased the expression of the Fgf23, indicating that Fam20c deficiency in skeletal compartments causes hypophosphatemia rickets. Furthermore, as FAM20C kinase activity catalyzes the phosphorylation of secreted proteomes other than those in the skeletal system, global FAM20C deficiency may trigger alterations in other systems resulting in osteosclerosis secondary to hypophosphatemia rickets. Together, the findings of this study suggest that FAM20C deficiency primarily causes hypophosphatemia rickets or osteomalacia; however, the heterogeneous skeletal manifestation in Raine syndrome was not determined solely by specific mutations of FAM20C. The findings also implicated that rickets or osteomalacia caused by FAM20C deficiency would deteriorate into osteosclerosis by the defects from other systems or environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Laboratory of Longjiang Scholar, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Linghao Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Cong
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Han Jin
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Cui
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wuliji Saiyin
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Liang T, Smith CE, Hu Y, Zhang H, Zhang C, Xu Q, Lu Y, Qi L, Hu JCC, Simmer JP. Dentin defects caused by a Dspp -1 frameshift mutation are associated with the activation of autophagy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6393. [PMID: 37076504 PMCID: PMC10115861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is primarily expressed by differentiated odontoblasts (dentin-forming cells), and transiently expressed by presecretory ameloblasts (enamel-forming cells). Disease-causing DSPP mutations predominantly fall into two categories: 5' mutations affecting targeting and trafficking, and 3' - 1 frameshift mutations converting the repetitive, hydrophilic, acidic C-terminal domain into a hydrophobic one. We characterized the dental phenotypes and investigated the pathological mechanisms of DsppP19L and Dspp-1fs mice that replicate the two categories of human DSPP mutations. In DsppP19L mice, dentin is less mineralized but contains dentinal tubules. Enamel mineral density is reduced. Intracellular accumulation and ER retention of DSPP is observed in odontoblasts and ameloblasts. In Dspp-1fs mice, a thin layer of reparative dentin lacking dentinal tubules is deposited. Odontoblasts show severe pathosis, including intracellular accumulation and ER retention of DSPP, strong ubiquitin and autophagy activity, ER-phagy, and sporadic apoptosis. Ultrastructurally, odontoblasts show extensive autophagic vacuoles, some of which contain fragmented ER. Enamel formation is comparable to wild type. These findings distinguish molecular mechanisms underlying the dental phenotypes of DsppP19L and Dspp-1fs mice and support the recently revised Shields classification of dentinogenesis imperfecta caused by DSPP mutations in humans. The Dspp-1fs mice may be valuable for the study of autophagy and ER-phagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA.
| | - Charles E Smith
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - Chuhua Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Yongbo Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Jan C-C Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - James P Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
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Indurkar A, Choudhary R, Rubenis K, Locs J. Role of carboxylic organic molecules in interfibrillar collagen mineralization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1150037. [PMID: 37091348 PMCID: PMC10113455 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1150037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a composite material made up of inorganic and organic counterparts. Most of the inorganic counterpart accounts for calcium phosphate (CaP) whereas the major organic part is composed of collagen. The interfibrillar mineralization of collagen is an important step in the biomineralization of bone and tooth. Studies have shown that synthetic CaP undergoes auto-transformation to apatite nanocrystals before entering the gap zone of collagen. Also, the synthetic amorphous calcium phosphate/collagen combination alone is not capable of initiating apatite nucleation rapidly. Therefore, it was understood that there is the presence of a nucleation catalyst obstructing the auto-transformation of CaP before entering the collagen gap zone and initiating rapid nucleation after entering the collagen gap zone. Therefore, studies were focused on finding the nucleation catalyst responsible for the regulation of interfibrillar collagen mineralization. Organic macromolecules and low-molecular-weight carboxylic compounds are predominantly present in the bone and tooth. These organic compounds can interact with both apatite and collagen. Adsorption of the organic compounds on the apatite nanocrystal governs the nucleation, crystal growth, lattice orientation, particle size, and distribution. Additionally, they prevent the auto-transformation of CaP into apatite before entering the interfibrillar compartment of the collagen fibril. Therefore, many carboxylic organic compounds have been utilized in developing CaP. In this review, we have covered different carboxylate organic compounds governing collagen interfibrillar mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Indurkar
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Rajan Choudhary
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Kristaps Rubenis
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Locs
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
- *Correspondence: Janis Locs,
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Ni X, Gong Y, Jiang Y, Li X, Pang Q, Liu W, Chi Y, Jiajue R, Wang O, Li M, Xing X, Xia W. The First Compound Heterozygous Mutations of DMP1 Causing Rare Autosomal Recessive Hypophosphatemic Rickets Type 1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:791-801. [PMID: 36334264 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets (HR) consists of a group of inherited hypophosphatemia due to mutations of different genes, which need genetic analysis to make a differential diagnosis. Among them, autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets type 1 (ARHR1), caused by a homozygous mutation of dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), is extremely rare, with only 30 reported patients. To date, there has been no case with compound heterozygous DMP1 mutations. OBJECTIVE To report the first compound heterozygous mutations of DMP1 causing ARHR1 and confirm the effect of the mutation on DMP1 protein. METHODS We report the clinical features of a Chinese patient with HR. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the proband. Then, Cytoscan HD array, Sanger sequencing, and genomic quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to confirm the mutations. A cell experiment was conducted to explore the effect of the mutation. RESULTS The proband is a 4-year-old boy, who developed genu varum when he was able to walk at age 1 year and tooth loss after a mild hit at age 3.5 years. Physical examination, biochemical measurement, and imaging finding indicated HR. Family history was negative. WES performed on the proband revealed a novel start codon mutation (c.1A > T, p.Met1Leu) in DMP1 and a large deletion involving most of the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) family gene, including DSPP, DMP1, IBSP, and MEPE. The novel paternally inherited start codon mutation, which resulted in decreased expression of DMP1 protein with smaller molecular weight and cleavage defect, was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The maternally inherited deletion was validated by Cytoscan and qPCR, and the breakpoint was finally identified by long-range PCR and Sanger sequencing. Manifestation of dentin dysplasia (DD) or dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) caused by DSPP mutations was absent in the patient and his mother, confirming that haploinsufficiency could not lead to DD or DGI. CONCLUSION We report for the first time compound heterozygous DMP1 mutations consisting of a large deletion and a novel start codon mutation (c.1A > T, p.Met1Leu) in a Chinese patient with ARHR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yiyi Gong
- Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qianqian Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yue Chi
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ruizhi Jiajue
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoping Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Weibo Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Retana-Lobo C, Reyes-Carmona J. Immunohistochemical characterization of stem cell, vascular, neural, and differentiation markers in the apical papilla and dental pulp of human teeth at various stages of root development. J Histotechnol 2023; 46:17-27. [PMID: 36111541 DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2022.2122665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the expression of several differentiation markers in the apical papilla (AP) and dental pulp (DP) of human permanent teeth. Twenty young human teeth were extracted and classified according to three Moorrees tooth development stages: initial root formation (Ri), root length ½ (R1/2), and root length complete (Rc). Immunohistochemical assays were performed using STRO-1, VEGF Receptor-2, Neurofilament heavy (NFH), and Nestin antibodies and analyzed under light microscopy. Decalcified, formalin fixed paraffin embedded tooth sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin showed an apical cell rich zone between the DP and AP. The AP revealed fewer vascular and cellular components than the DP. STRO-1 was expressed on vascular and neuronal elements beneath the odontoblast (OB) and in the sub-odontoblastic (SOB) zone, and VEGFR-2 positive cells were observed in the endothelium, arterioles, and blood vessels. Neuroepithelial stem cell protein (Nestin) was highly expressed in differentiated odontoblasts in the predentin odontotoblast and odontoblast cell processes. Neurofilament heavy (NFH) was expressed in mature axons throughout the DP. STRO-1 and VEGFR-2 microvascular expression was higher at the stages Ri and R1/2 while STRO-1 and NFH expression showed strong spatial distribution of Rc neuronal elements as compared to Ri and R1/2. Differentiated OB and SOB cells showed Nestin expression, indicating a reservoir of newly differentiated odontoblast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Retana-Lobo
- Endodontics Section, Restorative Science Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Jessie Reyes-Carmona
- Endodontics Section, Restorative Science Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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8
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Yang G, Liu X, Huang T, Ding R, Wang Y. Combined Application of Dentin Noncollagenous Proteins and Odontogenic Biphasic Calcium Phosphate in Rabbit Maxillary Sinus Lifting. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:93-109. [PMID: 36564625 PMCID: PMC9852417 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teeth can be used as a raw material for preparing bone substitutes due to their similar chemical composition to bone. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of odontogenic biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) incorporating dentin noncollagenous proteins (DNCPs) on osteogenesis and stability in maxillary sinus augmentation. METHODS The composition, structure and morphology of the odontogenic BCP were tested by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and scanning electron microscopy methods. The biocompatibility and osteoinduction of DNCPs and materials were examined in vitro and their bone regeneration capacity was verified in vivo. RESULTS The results showed that the cells adhered and proliferated well on the DNCP-loaded BCP scaffold. The odontogenic BCP and DNCPs promoted osteogenic differentiation of cells, The new bone formation in the BCP groups and DNCP subgroups was significantly higher than the new bone formation in the control, and the new bone quality was better. The bone regeneration effect of odontogenic BCP was similar to the effect of deproteinized bovine bone mineral, but β-TCP did not maintain the height and volume of bone reconstruction. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the combined application of DNCPs and odontogenic BCP is an effective strategy for tissue engineering osteogenesis in the maxillary sinus region. The biomimetic strategy could provide a new approach for patients requiring maxillary sinus lifting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Department of Oral Implant, Oral and Maxillofacial Center, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Tianyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ruyuan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuanyin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatologic Hospital & College, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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9
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Thant AA, Ruangpornvisuti V, Sangvanich P, Banlunara W, Limcharoen B, Thunyakitpisal P. Characterization of a bioscaffold containing polysaccharide acemannan and native collagen for pulp tissue regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:286-297. [PMID: 36356879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp regeneration exploits tissue engineering concepts using stem cells/scaffolds/growth-factors. Extracted collagen is commonly used as a biomaterial-scaffold due to its biocompatibility/biodegradability and mimics the natural extracellular matrix. Adding biomolecules into a collagen-scaffold enhanced pulp regeneration. Acemannan, β-(1-4)-acetylated-polymannose, is a polysaccharide extracted from aloe vera. Acemannan is a regenerative biomaterial. Therefore, acemannan could be a biomolecule in a collagen-scaffold. Here, acemannan and native collagen were obtained and characterized. The AceCol-scaffold's physical properties were investigated using FTIR, SEM, contact angle, swelling, pore size, porosity, compressive modulus, and degradation assays. The AceCol-scaffold's biocompatibility, growth factor secretion, osteogenic protein expression, and calcification were evaluated in vitro. The AceCol-scaffolds demonstrated higher hydrophilicity, swelling, porosity, and larger pore size than the collagen scaffolds (p < 0.05). Better cell-cell and cell-scaffold adhesion, and dentin extracellular matrix protein (BSP/OPN/DSPP) expression were observed in the AceCol-scaffold, however, DSPP expression was not detected in the collagen group. Significantly increased cellular proliferation, VEGF and BMP2 expression, and mineralization were detected in the AceCol-scaffold compared with the collagen-scaffold (p < 0.05). Computer simulation revealed that acemannan's 3D structure changes to bind with collagen. In conclusion, the AceCol-scaffold synergistically provides better physical and biological properties than collagen. The AceCol-scaffold is a promising material for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aye Aye Thant
- Dental Biomaterials Science Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Polkit Sangvanich
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wijit Banlunara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Benchaphorn Limcharoen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pasutha Thunyakitpisal
- Research Unit of Herbal Medicine, Biomaterial and Material for Dental Treatment, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Institute of Dentistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.
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10
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Saito H, Chiba-Ohkuma R, Yamakoshi Y, Karakida T, Yamamoto R, Shirai M, Ohkubo C. Characterization of bioactive substances involved in the induction of bone augmentation using demineralized bone sheets. Int J Implant Dent 2022; 8:49. [PMID: 36316596 PMCID: PMC9622973 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-022-00449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the bone augmentation ability of demineralized bone sheets mixed with allogeneic bone with protein fractions containing bioactive substances and the interaction between coexisting bioactive substances and proteins. METHODS Four types of demineralized bone sheets mixed with allogeneic bone in the presence or absence of bone proteins were created. Transplantation experiments using each demineralized bone sheet were performed in rats, and their ability to induce bone augmentation was analysed by microcomputed tomography images. Bioactive substances in bone proteins were isolated by heparin affinity chromatography and detected by the measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity in human periodontal ligament cells and dual luciferase assays. Noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) coexisting with the bioactive substances were identified by mass spectrometry, and their interaction with bioactive substances was investigated by in vitro binding experiments. RESULTS Demineralized bone sheets containing bone proteins possessed the ability to induce bone augmentation. Bone proteins were isolated into five fractions by heparin affinity chromatography, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) was detected in the third fraction (Hep-c). Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE), and biglycan (BGN) also coexisted in Hep-c, and the binding of these proteins to TGF-β increased TGF-β activity by approximately 14.7% to 32.7%. CONCLUSIONS Demineralized bone sheets are capable of inducing bone augmentation, and this ability is mainly due to TGF-β in the bone protein mixed with the sheets. The activity of TGF-β is maintained when binding to bone NCPs such as DMP1, MEPE, and BGN in the sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Saito
- grid.412816.80000 0000 9949 4354Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, 230-8501 Japan
| | - Risako Chiba-Ohkuma
- grid.412816.80000 0000 9949 4354Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, 230-8501 Japan
| | - Yasuo Yamakoshi
- grid.412816.80000 0000 9949 4354Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, 230-8501 Japan
| | - Takeo Karakida
- grid.412816.80000 0000 9949 4354Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, 230-8501 Japan
| | - Ryuji Yamamoto
- grid.412816.80000 0000 9949 4354Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, 230-8501 Japan
| | - Mai Shirai
- grid.412816.80000 0000 9949 4354Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, 230-8501 Japan
| | - Chikahiro Ohkubo
- grid.412816.80000 0000 9949 4354Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, 230-8501 Japan
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11
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Human Primary Odontoblast-like Cell Cultures—A Focused Review Regarding Cell Characterization. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185296. [PMID: 36142943 PMCID: PMC9501234 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cultures can provide useful in vitro models. Since odontoblasts are postmitotic cells, they cannot be expanded in cell cultures. Due to their extension into the dentin, injuries are inevitable during isolation. Therefore, “odontoblast-like” cell culture models have been established. Nowadays, there is no accepted definition of odontoblast-like cell cultures, i.e., isolation, induction, and characterization of cells are not standardized. Furthermore, no quality-control procedures are defined yet. Thus, the aim of this review was to evaluate both the methods used for establishment of cell cultures and the validity of molecular methods used for their characterization. An electronic search was performed in February 2022 using the Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science database identifying publications that used human primary odontoblast-like cell cultures as models and were published between 2016 and 2022. Data related to (I) cell culture conditions, (II) stem cell screening, (III) induction media, (IV) mineralization, and (V) cell characterization were analyzed. The included publications were not able to confirm an odontoblast-like nature of their cell cultures. For their characterization, not only a similarity to dentin but also a distinction from bone must be demonstrated. This is challenging, due to the developmental and evolutionary proximity of these two tissue types.
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12
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Figueredo CA, Abdelhay N, Ganatra S, Gibson MP. The role of Dentin Sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) in craniofacial development. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2022; 12:673-678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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13
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Characterization of SIBLING Proteins in the Mineralized Tissues. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10080144. [PMID: 36005242 PMCID: PMC9406783 DOI: 10.3390/dj10080144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The SIBLING proteins are a family of non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) previously thought to be expressed only in dentin but have been demonstrated in other mineralized and non-mineralized tissues. They are believed to play vital roles in both osteogenesis and dentinogenesis. Since they are tightly regulated lifelong processes and involve a peak of mineralization, three different age groups were investigated. Fifteen wild-type (WT) mice were euthanized at ages 1, 3, and 6 months. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) was performed to localize various microscopic structures in the mice mandibles and tibias. The immunostaining pattern was compared using antibodies for dentin sialoprotein (DSP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteopontin (OPN). Immunostaining of DSP in tibia showed its most noticeable staining in the 3-month age group. DSP was expressed in alveolar bone, cellular cementum, and PDL. A similar expression of DMP1 was seen in the tibia and dentin. BSP was most noticeably detected in the tibia and acellular cementum. OPN was mainly expressed in the bone. A lower level of OPN was observed at all age groups in the teeth. The immunostaining intensity was the least detected for all proteins in the 6-month tibia sample. The expression patterns of the four SIBLING proteins showed variations in their staining intensity and temporospatial patterning concordant with skeletal and dental maturity. These findings suggest some role in this tightly regulated mineralization process.
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14
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Nikoloudaki G. Functions of Matricellular Proteins in Dental Tissues and Their Emerging Roles in Orofacial Tissue Development, Maintenance, and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126626. [PMID: 34205668 PMCID: PMC8235165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins (MCPs) are defined as extracellular matrix (ECM) associated proteins that are important regulators and integrators of microenvironmental signals, contributing to the dynamic nature of ECM signalling. There is a growing understanding of the role of matricellular proteins in cellular processes governing tissue development as well as in disease pathogenesis. In this review, the expression and functions of different MP family members (periostin, CCNs, TSPs, SIBLINGs and others) are presented, specifically in relation to craniofacial development and the maintenance of orofacial tissues, including bone, gingiva, oral mucosa, palate and the dental pulp. As will be discussed, each MP family member has been shown to have non-redundant roles in development, tissue homeostasis, wound healing, pathology and tumorigenesis of orofacial and dental tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Nikoloudaki
- Schulich Dentistry Department, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; ; Tel.: +1-519-661-2111 (ext. 81102)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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15
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Ustriyana P, Schulte F, Gombedza F, Gil-Bona A, Paruchuri S, Bidlack FB, Hardt M, Landis WJ, Sahai N. Spatial survey of non-collagenous proteins in mineralizing and non-mineralizing vertebrate tissues ex vivo. Bone Rep 2021; 14:100754. [PMID: 33665237 PMCID: PMC7900015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone biomineralization is a complex process in which type I collagen and associated non-collagenous proteins (NCPs), including glycoproteins and proteoglycans, interact closely with inorganic calcium and phosphate ions to control the precipitation of nanosized, non-stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HAP, idealized stoichiometry Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) within the organic matrix of a tissue. The ability of certain vertebrate tissues to mineralize is critically related to several aspects of their function. The goal of this study was to identify specific NCPs in mineralizing and non-mineralizing tissues of two animal models, rat and turkey, and to determine whether some NCPs are unique to each type of tissue. The tissues investigated were rat femur (mineralizing) and tail tendon (non-mineralizing) and turkey leg tendon (having both mineralizing and non-mineralizing regions in the same individual specimen). An experimental approach ex vivo was designed for this investigation by combining sequential protein extraction with comprehensive protein mapping using proteomics and Western blotting. The extraction method enabled separation of various NCPs based on their association with either the extracellular organic collagenous matrix phases or the inorganic mineral phases of the tissues. The proteomics work generated a complete picture of NCPs in different tissues and animal species. Subsequently, Western blotting provided validation for some of the proteomics findings. The survey then yielded generalized results relevant to various protein families, rather than only individual NCPs. This study focused primarily on the NCPs belonging to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family and the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLINGs). SLRPs were found to be associated only with the collagenous matrix, a result suggesting that they are mainly involved in structural matrix organization and not in mineralization. SIBLINGs as well as matrix Gla (γ-carboxyglutamate) protein were strictly localized within the inorganic mineral phase of mineralizing tissues, a finding suggesting that their roles are limited to mineralization. The results from this study indicated that osteocalcin was closely involved in mineralization but did not preclude possible additional roles as a hormone. This report provides for the first time a spatial survey and comparison of NCPs from mineralizing and non-mineralizing tissues ex vivo and defines the proteome of turkey leg tendons as a model for vertebrate mineralization.
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Key Words
- B, rat bone
- BSP, bone sialoprotein
- DCN, decorin
- E, EDTA extract
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- G, guanidine-HCl-only extract (for non-mineralizing tissues)
- G1, first guanidine-HCl extract
- G2, second guanidine-HCl extract
- Gla, gamma-carboxylated glutamic acid
- MGP, matrix Gla protein
- MT, turkey mineralizing tendon
- Mineralization
- NCP, non-collagenous protein
- NMT, turkey never-mineralizing tendon
- NT, turkey not-yet-mineralized tendon
- Non-collagenous protein
- OCN, osteocalcin
- OPN, osteopontin
- Proteomics
- SIBLING, small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein
- SLRP, small leucine-rich proteoglycan
- T, rat tail tendon
- TLT, turkey leg tendon (gastrocnemius)
- TNAP, tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase
- Type I collagen
- Vertebrate
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Affiliation(s)
- Putu Ustriyana
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Fabian Schulte
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Farai Gombedza
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Ana Gil-Bona
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sailaja Paruchuri
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Felicitas B. Bidlack
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Markus Hardt
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William J. Landis
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Nita Sahai
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
- Department of Geosciences, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
- Integrated Bioscience Program, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
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16
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The Use of Autogenous Teeth for Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Literature Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar ridge resorption is a natural consequence of teeth extraction, with unpleasant aesthetic and functional consequences that might compromise a future oral rehabilitation. To minimize the biological consequences of alveolar ridge resorption, several surgical procedures have been designed, the so-called alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) techniques. One important characteristic is the concomitant use of biomaterial in ARP. In the past decade, autogenous teeth as a bone graft material in post-extraction sockets have been proposed with very interesting outcomes, yet with different protocols of preparation. Here we summarize the available evidence on autogenous teeth as a biomaterial in ARP, its different protocols and future directions.
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17
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Outcome of Different Processing Methods on Mechanical and Physicochemical Properties of Human Dentin as a Potential Natural Scaffold. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-020-00185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Vagropoulou G, Trentsiou M, Georgopoulou A, Papachristou E, Prymak O, Kritis A, Epple M, Chatzinikolaidou M, Bakopoulou A, Koidis P. Hybrid chitosan/gelatin/nanohydroxyapatite scaffolds promote odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells and in vitro biomineralization. Dent Mater 2020; 37:e23-e36. [PMID: 33208264 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hybrid chitosan/gelatin/nanohydroxyapatite (CS/Gel/nHA) scaffolds have attracted considerable interest in tissue engineering (TE) of mineralized tissues. The present study aimed to investigate the potential of CS/Gel/nHA scaffolds loaded with dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to induce odontogenic differentiation and in vitro biomineralization. METHODS CS/Gel/nHA scaffolds were synthesized by freeze-drying, seeded with DPSCs, and characterized with flow cytometry. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), live/dead staining, and MTT assays were used to evaluate cell morphology and viability; real-time PCR for odontogenesis-related gene expression analysis; SEM-EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), and X-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD) for structural and chemical characterization of the mineralized constructs, respectively. RESULTS CS/Gel/nHA scaffolds supported viability and proliferation of DPSCs over 14 days in culture. Gene expression patterns indicated pronounced odontogenic shift of DPSCs, evidenced by upregulation of DSPP, BMP-2, ALP, and the transcription factors RunX2 and Osterix. SEM-EDS showed the production of a nanocrystalline mineralized matrix inside the cell-based and - to a lesser extent - the cell-free constructs, with a time-dependent production of net-like nanocrystals (appr. 25-30nm in diameter). XRD analysis gave the crystallite size (D=50nm) but could not distinguish between the initially incorporated and the biologically produced nHA. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study validating the potential of CS/Gel/nHA scaffolds to support viability and proliferation of DPSCs, and to provide a biomimetic microenvironment favoring odontogenic differentiation and in vitro biomineralization without the addition of any inductive factors, including dexamethasone and/or growth/morphogenetic factors. These results reveal a promising strategy towards TE of mineralized dental tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Vagropoulou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Greece
| | - Maria Trentsiou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Greece
| | | | - Eleni Papachristou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Greece
| | - Oleg Prymak
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Aristeidis Kritis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Greece
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maria Chatzinikolaidou
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas-Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser FORTH-IESL, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Athina Bakopoulou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Greece.
| | - Petros Koidis
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.Th), Greece.
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19
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Shahabipour F, Oskuee RK, Shokrgozar MA, Naderi-Meshkin H, Goshayeshi L, Bonakdar S. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated GFP-human dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) promoter knock-in at the ROSA26 locus in mesenchymal stem cell for monitoring osteoblast differentiation. J Gene Med 2020; 22:e3288. [PMID: 33047833 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) is highly expressed in mineralized tooth and bone, playing a critical role in mineralization and phosphate metabolism. One important role for the expression of DMP1 in the nucleus of preosteoblasts is the up-regulation of osteoblast-specific genes such as osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase1 . The present study aimed to investigate the potential application of human DMP1 promoter as an indicator marker of osteoblastic differentiation. METHODS In the present study, we developed DMP1 promoter-DsRed-GFP knock-in mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) via the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system that enabled automatic detection of osteoblast differentiation. With the application of a homology-directed knock-in strategy, a 2-kb fragment of DMP1 promoter, which was inserted upstream of the GFP and DsRed reporter cassette, was integrated into the human ROSA locus to generate double fluorescent cells. We further differentiated MSCs under osteogenic media to monitor the fate of MSCs. First, cells were transfected using CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids, which culminated in MSCs with a green fluorescence intensity, then GFP-positive cells were selected using puromycin. Second, the GFP-positive MSCs were differentiated toward osteoblasts, which demonstrated an increased red fluorescence intensity. The osteoblast differentiation of MSCs was also verified by performing alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red assays. RESULTS We have exploited the DMP1 promoter as a predictive marker of MSC differentiation toward osteoblasts. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we have identified a distinctive change in the fluorescence intensities of GFP knock-in (green) and osteoblast differentiated MSCs 2 . CONCLUSIONS The data show that DMP1-DsRed-GFP knock-in MSCs through CRISPR/Cas9 technology provide a valuable indicator for osteoblast differentiation. Moreover, The DMP1 promoter might be used as a predictive marker of MSCs differentiated toward osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Welcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Lena Goshayeshi
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Fischer NG, Münchow EA, Tamerler C, Bottino MC, Aparicio C. Harnessing biomolecules for bioinspired dental biomaterials. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:8713-8747. [PMID: 32747882 PMCID: PMC7544669 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01456g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental clinicians have relied for centuries on traditional dental materials (polymers, ceramics, metals, and composites) to restore oral health and function to patients. Clinical outcomes for many crucial dental therapies remain poor despite many decades of intense research on these materials. Recent attention has been paid to biomolecules as a chassis for engineered preventive, restorative, and regenerative approaches in dentistry. Indeed, biomolecules represent a uniquely versatile and precise tool to enable the design and development of bioinspired multifunctional dental materials to spur advancements in dentistry. In this review, we survey the range of biomolecules that have been used across dental biomaterials. Our particular focus is on the key biological activity imparted by each biomolecule toward prevention of dental and oral diseases as well as restoration of oral health. Additional emphasis is placed on the structure-function relationships between biomolecules and their biological activity, the unique challenges of each clinical condition, limitations of conventional therapies, and the advantages of each class of biomolecule for said challenge. Biomaterials for bone regeneration are not reviewed as numerous existing reviews on the topic have been recently published. We conclude our narrative review with an outlook on the future of biomolecules in dental biomaterials and potential avenues of innovation for biomaterial-based patient oral care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Fischer
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, 16-250A Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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21
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Retana-Lobo C, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Tanomaru-Filho M, Mendes de Souza BD, Reyes-Carmona J. Non-Collagenous Dentin Protein Binding Sites Control Mineral Formation during the Biomineralisation Process in Radicular Dentin. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13051053. [PMID: 32120926 PMCID: PMC7084694 DOI: 10.3390/ma13051053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The biomineralisation of radicular dentin involves complex molecular signalling. Providing evidence of protein binding sites for calcium ions and mineral precipitation is essential for a better understanding of the remineralisation process. This study aimed to evaluate the functional relationship of metalloproteinases (MMPs) and non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) with mineral initiation and maturation during the biomineralisation of radicular dentin. A standardized demineralisation procedure was performed to radicular dentin slices. Samples were remineralised in a PBS-bioactive material system for different periods of time. Assessments of ion exchange, Raman analysis, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to evaluate the remineralisation process. Immunohistochemistry and zymography were performed to analyse NCPs and MMPs expression. SEM evaluation showed that the mineral nucleation and growth occurs, exclusively, on the demineralised radicular dentin surface. Raman analysis of remineralised dentin showed intense peaks at 955 and 1063 cm−1, which can be attributed to carbonate apatite formation. Immunohistochemistry of demineralised samples revealed the presence of DMP1-CT, mainly in intratubular dentin, whereas DSPP in intratubular and intertubular dentin. DMP1-CT and DSPP binding sites control carbonate apatite nucleation and maturation guiding the remineralisation of radicular dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Retana-Lobo
- LICIFO—Laboratory of Research in Dental Sciences, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, 11502 SJO, Costa Rica;
| | - Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, 14801385, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; (J.M.G.-T.); (M.T.-F.)
| | - Mario Tanomaru-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, 14801385, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; (J.M.G.-T.); (M.T.-F.)
| | | | - Jessie Reyes-Carmona
- LICIFO—Laboratory of Research in Dental Sciences, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, 11502 SJO, Costa Rica;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +506-2511-8100
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22
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Kuboki Y, Tokura S, Yagami K, Furusawa T, Morimoto K, Song Q, Iku S(X, Kurasaki M. Discovery of Ti-Binding Abilities of Phosphorylated-Chitin and -Collagen. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.29.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seiichi Tokura
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University
| | | | - Toshitake Furusawa
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University
| | | | - Qin Song
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University
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23
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Leskovar T, Beaumont J, Lisić N, McGalliard S. Auditory ossicles: a potential biomarker for maternal and infant health in utero. Ann Hum Biol 2019; 46:367-377. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1639824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Leskovar
- Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Julia Beaumont
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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24
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Nano-Structured Demineralized Human Dentin Matrix to Enhance Bone and Dental Repair and Regeneration. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9051013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Demineralized dentin matrix (DDM), derived from human teeth, is an excellent scaffold material with exciting bioactive properties to enhance bone and dental tissue engineering efficacy. In this article, first the nano-structure and bioactive components of the dentin matrix were reviewed. Then the preparation methods of DDM and the resulting properties were discussed. Next, the efficacy of DDM as a bone substitute with in vitro and in vivo properties were analyzed. In addition, the applications of DDM in tooth regeneration with promising results were described, and the drawbacks and future research needs were also discussed. With the extraction of growth factors from DDM and the nano-structural properties of DDM, previous studies also broadened the use of DDM as a bioactive carrier for growth factor delivery. In addition, due to its excellent physical and biological properties, DDM was also investigated for incorporation into other biomaterials design and fabrication, yielding great enhancements in hard tissue regeneration efficacy.
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25
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Rahman SU, Nagrath M, Ponnusamy S, Arany PR. Nanoscale and Macroscale Scaffolds with Controlled-Release Polymeric Systems for Dental Craniomaxillofacial Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1478. [PMID: 30127246 PMCID: PMC6120038 DOI: 10.3390/ma11081478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tremendous progress in stem cell biology has resulted in a major current focus on effective modalities to promote directed cellular behavior for clinical therapy. The fundamental principles of tissue engineering are aimed at providing soluble and insoluble biological cues to promote these directed biological responses. Better understanding of extracellular matrix functions is ensuring optimal adhesive substrates to promote cell mobility and a suitable physical niche to direct stem cell responses. Further, appreciation of the roles of matrix constituents as morphogen cues, termed matrikines or matricryptins, are also now being directly exploited in biomaterial design. These insoluble topological cues can be presented at both micro- and nanoscales with specific fabrication techniques. Progress in development and molecular biology has described key roles for a range of biological molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, to serve as morphogens promoting directed behavior in stem cells. Controlled-release systems involving encapsulation of bioactive agents within polymeric carriers are enabling utilization of soluble cues. Using our efforts at dental craniofacial tissue engineering, this narrative review focuses on outlining specific biomaterial fabrication techniques, such as electrospinning, gas foaming, and 3D printing used in combination with polymeric nano- or microspheres. These avenues are providing unprecedented therapeutic opportunities for precision bioengineering for regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ur Rahman
- Departments of Oral Biology and Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Malvika Nagrath
- Departments of Oral Biology and Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - Sasikumar Ponnusamy
- Departments of Oral Biology and Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
| | - Praveen R Arany
- Departments of Oral Biology and Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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26
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Jiang C, Zurick K, Qin C, Bernards MT. Probing the influence of SIBLING proteins on collagen-I fibrillogenesis and denaturation. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:274-286. [PMID: 28910556 PMCID: PMC6112244 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2017.1379514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue is comprised of collagen, non-collagenous proteins, and hydroxyapatite and the SIBLING (small integrin binding, N-linked glycoprotein) family of proteins is the primary group of non-collagenous proteins. By replicating the native interactions between collagen and the SIBLING proteins at the interface of an implant, it is believed that a bone scaffold will more easily integrate with the surrounding tissue. In this work, bone sialoprotein, osteopontin (OPN), dentin sialoprotein (DSP), dentin phosphoprotein (DPP), C-terminal fragment of dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1-C), and proteoglycan versions of DSP (DSP-PG) and DMP1 (DMP1-PG) were tested individually to determine their roles in collagen fibrillogenesis and the prevention of denaturation. It was shown that DSP and DPP slowed down fibrillogenesis, while other SIBLINGs had limited impact. In addition, the denaturation time was faster in the presence of DSP and OPN, indicating a negative impact. The role of calcium ions in these processes was also investigated. The presence of calcium ions sped up fibrillogenesis in all scenarios tested, but it had a negative impact by reducing the extent. Calcium also sped up the denaturation in most cases, with the exception of DMP1-C and DSP where the opposite was seen. Calcium had a similar effect on the proteoglycan variants in the fibrillogenesis process, but had no impact on the denaturation process in the presence of these two. It is believed that incorporating DMP1-C or DSP on the surface of a bone implant may improve the collagen interactions with the implant, thereby facilitating improved osteointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Jiang
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Kevin Zurick
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Chunlin Qin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246
| | - Matthew T. Bernards
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211,Bioengineering University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211,Corresponding Author: Matthew T., Current Address: Chemical & Materials Engineering Department, University of Idaho, Bernards Moscow, ID 83844.
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27
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Porntaveetus T, Osathanon T, Nowwarote N, Pavasant P, Srichomthong C, Suphapeetiporn K, Shotelersuk V. Dental properties, ultrastructure, and pulp cells associated with a novel DSPP
mutation. Oral Dis 2018; 24:619-627. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Porntaveetus
- Craniofacial Genetics and Stem Cells Research Group; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - T Osathanon
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit and Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - N Nowwarote
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit and Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - P Pavasant
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit and Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - C Srichomthong
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genetics; Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
- Excellence Center for Medical Genetics; King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital; the Thai Red Cross Society; Bangkok Thailand
| | - K Suphapeetiporn
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genetics; Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
- Excellence Center for Medical Genetics; King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital; the Thai Red Cross Society; Bangkok Thailand
| | - V Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genetics; Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
- Excellence Center for Medical Genetics; King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital; the Thai Red Cross Society; Bangkok Thailand
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28
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Stape THS, Tjäderhane L, Tezvergil-Mutluay A, Da Silva WG, Dos Santos Silva AR, da Silva WJ, Marques MR. In situ analysis of gelatinolytic activity in human dentin. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:136-141. [PMID: 29373132 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as gelatinases are differentially expressed in human tissues. These enzymes cleave specific substrates involved in cell signaling, tissue development and remodeling and tissue breakdown. Recent evidences show that gelatinases are crucial for normal dentin development and their activity is maintained throughout the entire tooth function in the oral cavity. Due to the lack of information about the exact location and activity of gelatinases in mature human dentin, the present study was designed to examine gelatinolytic levels in sound dentin. In situ zymography using confocal microscopy was performed on both mineralized and demineralized dentin samples. Sites presenting gelatinase activity were identified throughout the entire biological tissue pursuing different gelatinolytic levels for distinct areas: predentin and dentinal tubule regions presented higher gelatinolytic activity compared to intertubular dentin. Dentin regions with higher gelatinolytic activity immunohistochemically were partially correlated with MMP-2 expression. The maintenance of gelatinolytic activity in mature dentin may have biological implications related to biomineralization of predentin and tubular/peritubular dentinal regions, as well as regulation of defensive mechanisms of the dentin-pulp complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Henrique Scarabello Stape
- Adhesive Dentistry Research Group, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Restorative Dentistry and Cariology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Leo Tjäderhane
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, and Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Arzu Tezvergil-Mutluay
- Adhesive Dentistry Research Group, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Restorative Dentistry and Cariology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Wagner Gomes Da Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Semiology Area, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Alan Roger Dos Santos Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Semiology Area, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Wander José da Silva
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rocha Marques
- Department of Morphology Division of Histology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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29
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Liu C, Zhang H, Jani P, Wang X, Lu Y, Li N, Xiao J, Qin C. FAM20C regulates osteoblast behaviors and intracellular signaling pathways in a cell-autonomous manner. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3476-3486. [PMID: 28926103 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that Family with sequence similarity 20 member C (FAM20C) catalyzes the phosphorylation of secreted proteins, and participates in a variety of biological processes, including cell proliferation, migration, mineralization, and phosphate homeostasis. To explore the local influences of FAM20C on osteoblast, Fam20c-deficient osteoblasts were generated by treating the immortalized Fam20cf/f osteoblasts with CMV-Cre-IRES-EGFP lentivirus. Compared with the normal Fam20cf/f osteoblasts, the expression of Bone sialoprotein (Bsp), Osteocalcin (Ocn), Fibroblast growth factor 23 (Fgf23), and transcription factors that promote osteoblast maturation were up-regulated in the Fam20c-deficient osteoblasts. In contrast, the expression of Dental matrix protein 1 (Dmp1), Dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp), Osteopontin (Opn), type I Collagen a 1 (Col1a1), and Alkine phosphatase (Alp) were down-regulated in the Fam20c-deficient cells. These alterations disclosed the primary regulation of Fam20c on gene expression. The Fam20c-deficient osteoblasts showed a remarkable reduction in the ability of forming mineralized nodules. However, supplements of extracellular matrix proteins extracted from the normal bone failed to rescue the reduced mineralization, suggesting that FAM20C may affect the biomineralization by the means more than local phosphorylation of extracellular matrix proteins and systemic phosphorus homeostasis. Moreover, although Fam20c deficiency had little impact on cell proliferation, it significantly reduced cell migration and lowered the levels of p-Smad1/5/8, p-Erk and p-p38, suggesting that the kinase activity of FAM20C might be essential to cell mobility and the activity of BMP ligands. In summary, these findings provide evidences that FAM20C may regulate osteoblast maturation, migration, mineralization, and BMP signaling pathways in a cell-autonomous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Priyam Jani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yongbo Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunlin Qin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
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30
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Weng Y, Liu Y, Du H, Li L, Jing B, Zhang Q, Wang X, Wang Z, Sun Y. Glycosylation of DMP1 Is Essential for Chondrogenesis of Condylar Cartilage. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1535-1545. [PMID: 28759313 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517717485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Weng
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Y. Liu
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - H. Du
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - L. Li
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - B. Jing
- School of Medicine, Stem Cell Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Q. Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - X. Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z. Wang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Y. Sun
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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31
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Liu P, Ma S, Zhang H, Liu C, Lu Y, Chen L, Qin C. Specific ablation of mouse Fam20C in cells expressing type I collagen leads to skeletal defects and hypophosphatemia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3590. [PMID: 28620244 PMCID: PMC5472603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
FAM20C mutations in humans cause Raine syndrome and our previous studies showed that global inactivation of mouse Fam20C led to bone and dental defects. By crossbreeding 2.3
kb Col 1a1-Cre mice with Fam20Cflox/flox mice, we created 2.3
kb Col 1a1-Cre;Fam20Cfoxl/flox (cKO) mice, in which Fam20C was inactivated in cells expressing Type I collagen. This study showed that the long bones of cKO mice were shorter and had a lower level of mineralization compared to the normal mice. The collagen fibrils in Fam20C-deficient bone were disorganized and thicker while the growth plate cartilage in cKO mice was disorganized and wider compared to the normal mice. The Fam20C-deficient bone had a lower level of dentin matrix protein 1, and higher levels of osteopontin and bone sialoprotein than the normal. The blood of cKO mice had an elevated level of fibroblast growth factor 23 and reduced level of phosphorus. These findings indicate that inactivation of Fam20C in cells expressing type I collagen led to skeletal defects and hypophosphatemia. The altered levels of dentin matrix protein 1 and osteopontin in Fam20C-deficient bone may be significant contributors to the mineralized tissue defects in human patients and animals suffering from the functional loss of FAM20C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihong Liu
- Department of Periodontics, Harbin Medical University School of Stomatology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, 75246, USA
| | - Su Ma
- Department of Periodontics, Harbin Medical University School of Stomatology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China.,Longjiang Scholar Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, 75246, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, 75246, USA
| | - Yongbo Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, 75246, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Longjiang Scholar Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China.
| | - Chunlin Qin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, 75246, USA.
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32
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Zhang Q, Lin S, Liu Y, Yuan B, Harris SE, Feng JQ. Dmp1 Null Mice Develop a Unique Osteoarthritis-like Phenotype. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1203-1212. [PMID: 27766035 PMCID: PMC5069442 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.15833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with hypophosphatemia rickets (including DMP1 mutations) develop severe osteoarthritis (OA), although the mechanism is largely unknown. In this study, we first identified the expression of DMP1 in hypertrophic chondrocytes using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and X-gal analysis of Dmp1-knockout-lacZ-knockin heterozygous mice. Next, we characterized the OA-like phenotype in Dmp1 null mice from 7-week-old to one-year-old using multiple techniques, including X-ray, micro-CT, H&E staining, Goldner staining, scanning electronic microscopy, IHC assays, etc. We found a classical OA-like phenotype in Dmp1 null mice such as articular cartilage degradation, osteophyte formation, and subchondral osteosclerosis. These Dmp1 null mice also developed unique pathological changes, including a biphasic change in their articular cartilage from the initial expansion of hypertrophic chondrocytes at the age of 1-month to a quick diminished articular cartilage layer at the age of 3-months. Further, these null mice displayed severe enlarged knees and poorly formed bone with an expanded osteoid area. To address whether DMP1 plays a direct role in the articular cartilage, we deleted Dmp1 specifically in hypertrophic chondrocytes by crossing the Dmp1-loxP mice with Col X Cre mice. Interestingly, these conditional knockout mice didn't display notable defects in either the articular cartilage or the growth plate. Because of the hypophosphatemia remained in the entire life span of the Dmp1 null mice, we also investigated whether a high phosphate diet would improve the OA-like phenotype. A 8-week treatment of a high phosphate diet significantly rescued the OA-like defect in Dmp1 null mice, supporting the critical role of phosphate homeostasis in maintaining the healthy joint morphology and function. Taken together, this study demonstrates a unique OA-like phenotype in Dmp1 null mice, but a lack of the direct impact of DMP1 on chondrogenesis. Instead, the regulation of phosphate homeostasis by DMP1 via the axis of “FGF23-renal phosphorus reabsorption” is vital for maintaining a healthy joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Endondontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, China;; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shuxian Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA;; Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Baozhi Yuan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Steph E Harris
- Department of Periodontics, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
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33
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Kawashima N, Okiji T. Odontoblasts: Specialized hard-tissue-forming cells in the dentin-pulp complex. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2016; 56:144-53. [PMID: 27131345 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Odontoblasts are specialized cells that produce dentin and exhibit unique morphological characteristics; i.e., they extend cytoplasmic processes into dentinal tubules. While osteoblasts, which are typical hard-tissue-forming cells, are generated from mesenchymal stem cells during normal and pathological bone metabolism, the induction of odontoblasts only occurs once during tooth development, and odontoblasts survive throughout the lives of healthy teeth. During the differentiation of odontoblasts, signaling molecules from the inner enamel epithelium are considered necessary for the differentiation of odontoblast precursors, i.e., peripheral dental papilla cells. If odontoblasts are destroyed by severe external stimuli, such as deep caries, the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells into odontoblast-like cells is induced. Various bioactive molecules, such as non-collagenous proteins, might be involved in this process, although the precise mechanisms responsible for odontoblast differentiation have not been fully elucidated. Recently, our knowledge about the other functional activities of odontoblasts (apart from dentin formation) has increased. For example, it has been suggested that odontoblasts might act as nociceptive receptors, and surveillance cells that detect the invasion of exogenous pathogens. The regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex has recently gained much attention as a promising future treatment modality that could increase the longevity of pulpless teeth. Finally, congenital dentin anomalies, which are concerned with the disturbance of odontoblast functions, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Kawashima
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okiji
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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34
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Tabatabaei FS, Tatari S, Samadi R, Moharamzadeh K. Different methods of dentin processing for application in bone tissue engineering: A systematic review. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2616-27. [PMID: 27256548 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dentin has become an interesting potential biomaterial for tissue engineering of oral hard tissues. It can be used as a scaffold or as a source of growth factors in bone tissue engineering. Different forms of dentin have been studied for their potential use as bone substitutes. Here, we systematically review different methods of dentin preparation and the efficacy of processed dentin in bone tissue engineering. An electronic search was carried out in PubMed and Scopus databases for articles published from 2000 to 2016. Studies on dentin preparation for application in bone tissue engineering were selected. The initial search yielded a total of 1045 articles, of which 37 were finally selected. Review of studies showed that demineralization was the most commonly used dentin preparation process for use in tissue engineering. Dentin extract, dentin particles (tooth ash), freeze-dried dentin, and denatured dentin are others method of dentin preparation. Based on our literature review, we can conclude that preparation procedure and the size and shape of dentin particles play an important role in its osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties. Standardization of these methods is important to draw a conclusion in this regard. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2616-2627, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Sadat Tabatabaei
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Tatari
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Samadi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keyvan Moharamzadeh
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA, United Kingdom
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35
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Jani PH, Gibson MP, Liu C, Zhang H, Wang X, Lu Y, Qin C. Transgenic expression of Dspp partially rescued the long bone defects of Dmp1-null mice. Matrix Biol 2015; 52-54:95-112. [PMID: 26686820 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) belong to the Small Integrin-Binding Ligand N-linked Glycoprotein (SIBLING) family. In addition to the features common to all SIBLING members, DMP1 and DSPP share several unique similarities in chemical structure, proteolytic activation and tissue localization. Mutations in, or deletion of DMP1, cause autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets along with dental defects; DSPP mutations or its ablation are associated with dentinogenesis imperfecta. While the roles and functional mechanisms of DMP1 in osteogenesis have been extensively studied, those of DSPP in long bones have been studied only to a limited extent. Previous studies by our group revealed that transgenic expression of Dspp completely rescued the dentin defects of Dmp1-null (Dmp1(-/-)) mice. In this investigation, we assessed the effects of transgenic Dspp on osteogenesis by analyzing the formation and mineralization of the long bones in Dmp1(-/-) mice that expresses a transgene encoding full-length DSPP driven by a 3.6-kb rat Col1a1 promoter (referred as "Dmp1(-/-);Dspp-Tg mice"). We characterized the long bones of the Dmp1(-/-);Dspp-Tg mice at different ages and compared them with those from Dmp1(-/-) and Dmp1(+/-) (normal control) mice. Our analyses showed that the long bones of Dmp1(-/-);Dspp-Tg mice had a significant increase in cortical bone thickness, bone volume and mineral density along with a remarkable restoration of trabecular thickness compared to those of the Dmp1(-/-) mice. The long bones of Dmp1(-/-);Dspp-Tg mice underwent a dramatic reduction in the amount of osteoid, significant improvement of the collagen fibrillar network, and better organization of the lacunocanalicular system, compared to the Dmp1(-/-) mice. The elevated levels of biglycan, bone sialoprotein and osteopontin in Dmp1(-/-) mice were also noticeably corrected by the transgenic expression of Dspp. These findings suggest that DSPP and DMP1 may function synergistically within the complex milieus of bone matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyam H Jani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Monica P Gibson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Yongbo Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Chunlin Qin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
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Liu C, Wang X, Zhang H, Xie X, Liu P, Liu Y, Jani PH, Lu Y, Chen S, Qin C. Immortalized Mouse Floxed Fam20c Dental Papillar Mesenchymal and Osteoblast Cell Lines Retain Their Primary Characteristics. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2581-7. [PMID: 25833681 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fam20c is essential for the normal mineralization of dentin and bone. The generation of odontoblast and osteoblast cell lines carrying floxed Fam20c allele can offer valuable tools for the study of the roles of Fam20c in the mineralization of dentin and bone. The limited capability of the primary odontoblasts and osteoblasts to proliferate necessitates the development of odontoblast and osteoblast cell lines serving as substitutes for the study of differentiation and mineralization of the odontoblasts and osteoblasts. In this study, we established and characterized immortalized mouse floxed Fam20c dental papilla mesenchymal and osteoblast cell lines. The isolated primary mouse floxed Fam20c dental papilla mesenchymal cells and osteoblasts were immortalized by the infection of lentivirus containing Simian Virus 40 T-antigen (SV40 T-Ag). The immortalization of floxed Fam20c dental papilla mesenchymal cells and osteoblasts was verified by the long-term passages and genomic integration of SV40 T-Ag. The immortalized floxed Fam20c dental papilla mesenchymal and osteoblast cell lines not only proliferated at a high rate and retained the morphology of their primary counterparts, but also preserved the dentin and bone specific gene expression as the primary dental papilla mesenchymal cells and osteoblasts did. Consistently, the capability of the primary floxed Fam20c dental papilla mesenchymal cells and osteoblasts to mineralize was also inherited by the immortalized dental papilla mesenchymal and osteoblast cell lines. Thus, we have successfully generated the immortalized mouse floxed Fam20c dental papilla mesenchymal and osteoblast cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xiaohua Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Endodontics, The Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peihong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Periodontics, Harbin Medical University School of Stomatology, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Priyam H Jani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yongbo Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Chunlin Qin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
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Foster BL, Ao M, Willoughby C, Soenjaya Y, Holm E, Lukashova L, Tran AB, Wimer HF, Zerfas PM, Nociti FH, Kantovitz KR, Quan BD, Sone ED, Goldberg HA, Somerman MJ. Mineralization defects in cementum and craniofacial bone from loss of bone sialoprotein. Bone 2015; 78:150-64. [PMID: 25963390 PMCID: PMC4466207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a multifunctional extracellular matrix protein found in mineralized tissues, including bone, cartilage, tooth root cementum (both acellular and cellular types), and dentin. In order to define the role BSP plays in the process of biomineralization of these tissues, we analyzed cementogenesis, dentinogenesis, and osteogenesis (intramembranous and endochondral) in craniofacial bone in Bsp null mice and wild-type (WT) controls over a developmental period (1-60 days post natal; dpn) by histology, immunohistochemistry, undecalcified histochemistry, microcomputed tomography (microCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Regions of intramembranous ossification in the alveolus, mandible, and calvaria presented delayed mineralization and osteoid accumulation, assessed by von Kossa and Goldner's trichrome stains at 1 and 14 dpn. Moreover, Bsp(-/-) mice featured increased cranial suture size at the early time point, 1 dpn. Immunostaining and PCR demonstrated that osteoblast markers, osterix, alkaline phosphatase, and osteopontin were unchanged in Bsp null mandibles compared to WT. Bsp(-/-) mouse molars featured a lack of functional acellular cementum formation by histology, SEM, and TEM, and subsequent loss of Sharpey's collagen fiber insertion into the tooth root structure. Bsp(-/-) mouse alveolar and mandibular bone featured equivalent or fewer osteoclasts at early ages (1 and 14 dpn), however, increased RANKL immunostaining and mRNA, and significantly increased number of osteoclast-like cells (2-5 fold) were found at later ages (26 and 60 dpn), corresponding to periodontal breakdown and severe alveolar bone resorption observed following molar teeth entering occlusion. Dentin formation was unperturbed in Bsp(-/-) mouse molars, with no delay in mineralization, no alteration in dentin dimensions, and no differences in odontoblast markers analyzed. No defects were identified in endochondral ossification in the cranial base, and craniofacial morphology was unaffected in Bsp(-/-) mice. These analyses confirm a critical role for BSP in processes of cementogenesis and intramembranous ossification of craniofacial bone, whereas endochondral ossification in the cranial base was minimally affected and dentinogenesis was normal in Bsp(-/-) molar teeth. Dissimilar effects of loss of BSP on mineralization of dental and craniofacial tissues suggest local differences in the role of BSP and/or yet to be defined interactions with site-specific factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Foster
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, 4120 Building 50, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - M Ao
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, 4120 Building 50, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - C Willoughby
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, 4120 Building 50, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Y Soenjaya
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - E Holm
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - L Lukashova
- Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - A B Tran
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, 4120 Building 50, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - H F Wimer
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - P M Zerfas
- Office of Research Services, Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, 112 Building 28A, MSC 5230, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - F H Nociti
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, 4120 Building 50, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Campinas State University, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - K R Kantovitz
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, 4120 Building 50, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Campinas State University, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - B D Quan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 320A Mining Building, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.
| | - E D Sone
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 320A Mining Building, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - H A Goldberg
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; School of Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - M J Somerman
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, 4120 Building 50, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Yang X, Yan W, Tian Y, Ma P, Opperman LA, Wang X. Family with sequence similarity member 20C is the primary but not the only kinase for the small-integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins in bone. FASEB J 2015; 30:121-8. [PMID: 26324849 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-273607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have identified family with sequence similarity member 20C (FAM20C) as a kinase that phosphorylates the Ser in Ser-X-Glu/phospho-Ser (pSer) motifs in the small-integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLINGs). There is no in vivo evidence that validates this finding, and it is unclear whether FAM20C is the only kinase for SIBLINGs. We extracted bone noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) from Fam20C-knockout (KO) mice and analyzed the phosphorylation levels. The total NCPs were separated into osteopontin-, bone sialoprotein-, and dentin matrix protein-1-enriched fractions by anion-exchange chromatography and analyzed by SDS-PAGE, native PAGE, and Western immunoblot analysis. The NCP phosphorylation level in the KO mice was lower than that in the wild-type (WT). On the native gel, the SIBLINGs from KO mice showed a lower migration rate (Mr) than those from the WT. Calf intestine phosphatase treatment shifted SIBLINGs from the WT mice to the level adjacent to the KO, but failed to shift the latter, suggesting a phosphorylation loss of SIBLINGs in the KO mice. Mass spectrometry identified less pSers in the SIBLINGs from the KO mice [including the region of the acidic Ser- and aspartate-rich motif (ASARM) peptides]. In an intriguing finding, several pSers in the Ser-X-Glu motifs in the KO mice maintained their phosphorylation, whereas several others in non-Ser-X-Glu motifs did not. Phospho-Tyrs and phospho-Thrs in the SIBLINGs did not appear to be associated with FAM20C. Our results indicate that FAM20C is the primary, but not the only, kinase for the SIBLINGs.-Yang, X., Yan, W., Tian, Y., Ma, P., Opperman, L. A., Wang, X. Family with sequence similarity member 20C is the primary but not the only kinase for the small-integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiudong Yang
- *Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA; Southern Medical University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; and Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Yan
- *Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA; Southern Medical University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; and Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Tian
- *Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA; Southern Medical University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; and Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Ma
- *Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA; Southern Medical University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; and Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lynne A Opperman
- *Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA; Southern Medical University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; and Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- *Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA; Southern Medical University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; and Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Dentin Matrix Proteins in Bone Tissue Engineering. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 881:129-42. [PMID: 26545748 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22345-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dentin and bone are mineralized tissue matrices comprised of collagen fibrils and reinforced with oriented crystalline hydroxyapatite. Although both tissues perform different functionalities, they are assembled and orchestrated by mesenchymal cells that synthesize both collagenous and noncollagenous proteins albeit in different proportions. The dentin matrix proteins (DMPs) have been studied in great detail in recent years due to its inherent calcium binding properties in the extracellular matrix resulting in tissue calcification. Recent studies have shown that these proteins can serve both as intracellular signaling proteins leading to induction of stem cell differentiation and also function as nucleating proteins in the extracellular matrix. These properties make the DMPs attractive candidates for bone and dentin tissue regeneration. This chapter will provide an overview of the DMPs, their functionality and their proven and possible applications with respect to bone tissue engineering.
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Liu P, Zhang H, Liu C, Wang X, Chen L, Qin C. Inactivation of Fam20C in cells expressing type I collagen causes periodontal disease in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114396. [PMID: 25479552 PMCID: PMC4257665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FAM20C is a kinase that phosphorylates secretory proteins. Previous studies have shown that FAM20C plays an essential role in the formation and mineralization of bone, dentin and enamel. The present study analyzed the loss-of-function effects of FAM20C on the health of mouse periodontal tissues. METHODS By crossbreeding 2.3 kb Col 1a1-Cre mice with Fam20Cfl/fl mice, we created 2.3 kb Col 1a1-Cre;Fam20Cfl/fl (cKO) mice, in which Fam20C was inactivated in the cells that express Type I collagen. We analyzed the periodontal tissues in the cKO mice using X-ray radiography, histology, scanning electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry approaches. RESULTS The cKO mice underwent a remarkable loss of alveolar bone and cementum, along with inflammation of the periodontal ligament and formation of periodontal pockets. The osteocytes and lacuno-canalicular networks in the alveolar bone of the cKO mice showed dramatic abnormalities. The levels of bone sialoprotein, osteopontin, dentin matrix protein 1 and dentin sialoprotein were reduced in the Fam20C-deficient alveolar bone and/or cementum, while periostin and fibrillin-1 were decreased in the periodontal ligament of the cKO mice. CONCLUSION Loss of Fam20C function leads to periodontal disease in mice. The reduced levels of bone sialoprotein, osteopontin, dentin matrix protein 1, dentin sialoprotein, periostin and fibrillin-1 may contribute to the periodontal defects in the Fam20C-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihong Liu
- Department of Periodontics, Harbin Medical University School of Stomatology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, 75246, United States of America
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, 75246, United States of America
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, 75246, United States of America
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, 75246, United States of America
| | - Li Chen
- Longjiang Scholar Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
- * E-mail: (LC); (CQ)
| | - Chunlin Qin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, 75246, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LC); (CQ)
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Gibson MP, Jani P, Wang X, Lu Y, Qin C. Overexpressing the NH 2-terminal fragment of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) aggravates the periodontal defects in Dspp knockout mice. J Oral Biosci 2014; 56:143-148. [PMID: 25386098 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is not only essential to the formation and mineralization of dentin but also plays an important role in forming and maintaining a healthy periodontium. Under physiological conditions, DSPP is proteolytically processed into the NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal fragments, and these fragments are believed to perform different functions in the mineralized tissues. Previous studies in our group have demonstrated that the NH2-terminal fragment of DSPP inhibits the formation and mineralization of dentin, while the role of this fragment in periodontium is unclear. METHODS We analyzed the periodontal tissues of the transgenic mice overexpressing the NH2-terminal fragment of DSPP in the Dspp knockout background (referred to as "Dspp KO/DSP Tg" mice), in comparison with wild type mice and Dspp knockout mice. The approaches used in this study included histology, micro-computed tomography, back scattered scanning electron microscopy and resin-casted scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Dspp KO/DSP Tg mice exhibited a greater reduction of the alveolar bone, more remarkably altered canalicular systems around the osteocytes, less cementum, more radical migration of the epithelial attachment towards the apical direction, and more severe inflammation in molar furcation region, than in the Dspp knockout mice. CONCLUSION Overexpressing the NH2-terminal fragment of DSPP worsened the periodontal defects in Dspp knockout mice, indicating that the NH2-terminal fragment of DSPP may exert an inhibitory role in the formation and mineralization of hard tissues in the periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Prasad Gibson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Priyam Jani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Yongbo Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Chunlin Qin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
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Kuzynski M, Goss M, Bottini M, Yadav MC, Mobley C, Winters T, Poliard A, Kellermann O, Lee B, Millan JL, Napierala D. Dual role of the Trps1 transcription factor in dentin mineralization. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:27481-93. [PMID: 25128529 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.550129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPS1 (tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome) is a unique GATA-type transcription factor that acts as a transcriptional repressor. TRPS1 deficiency and dysregulated TRPS1 expression result in skeletal and dental abnormalities implicating TRPS1 in endochondral bone formation and tooth development. Moreover, patients with tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome frequently present with low bone mass indicating TRPS1 involvement in bone homeostasis. In addition, our previous data demonstrated accelerated mineralization of the perichondrium in Trps1 mutant mice and impaired dentin mineralization in Col1a1-Trps1 transgenic mice, implicating Trps1 in the mineralization process. To understand the role of Trps1 in the differentiation and function of cells producing mineralized matrix, we used a preodontoblastic cell line as a model of dentin mineralization. We generated both Trps1-deficient and Trps1-overexpressing stable cell lines and analyzed the progression of mineralization by alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining. As predicted, based on our previous in vivo data, delayed and decreased mineralization of Trps1-overexpressing odontoblastic cells was observed when compared with control cells. This was associated with down-regulation of genes regulating phosphate homeostasis. Interestingly, Trps1-deficient cells lost the ability to mineralize and demonstrated decreased expression of several genes critical for initiating the mineralization process, including Alpl and Phospho1. Based on these data, we have concluded that Trps1 serves two critical and context-dependent functions in odontoblast-regulated mineralization as follows: 1) Trps1 is required for odontoblast maturation by supporting expression of genes crucial for initiating the mineralization process, and 2) Trps1 represses the function of mature cells and, consequently, restricts the extent of extracellular matrix mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kuzynski
- From the Institute of Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Morgan Goss
- From the Institute of Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Massimo Bottini
- the Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, the Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133Rome, Italy
| | - Manisha C Yadav
- the Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Callie Mobley
- From the Institute of Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Tony Winters
- From the Institute of Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Anne Poliard
- the EA2496 UFR d'Odontologie, Université Paris Descartes, 92120 Montrouge, France
| | - Odile Kellermann
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université René Descartes Paris 5, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Brendan Lee
- the Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jose Luis Millan
- the Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Dobrawa Napierala
- From the Institute of Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294,
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Abstract
Evolution has exploited the chemical properties of Ca(2+), which facilitate its reversible binding to the sites of irregular geometry offered by biological macromolecules, to select it as a carrier of cellular signals. A number of proteins bind Ca(2+) to specific sites: those intrinsic to membranes play the most important role in the spatial and temporal regulation of the concentration and movements of Ca(2+) inside cells. Those which are soluble, or organized in non-membranous structures, also decode the Ca(2+) message to be then transmitted to the targets of its regulation. Since Ca(2+) controls the most important processes in the life of cells, it must be very carefully controlled within the cytoplasm, where most of the targets of its signaling function reside. Membrane channels (in the plasma membrane and in the organelles) mediate the entrance of Ca(2+) into the cytoplasm, ATPases, exchangers, and the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake system remove Ca(2+) from it. The concentration of Ca(2+) in the external spaces, which is controlled essentially by its dynamic exchanges in the bone system, is much higher than inside cells, and can, under conditions of pathology, generate a situation of dangerous internal Ca(2+) overload. When massive and persistent, the Ca(2+) overload culminates in the death of the cell. Subtle conditions of cellular Ca(2+) dyshomeostasis that affect individual systems that control Ca(2+), generate cell disease phenotypes that are particularly severe in tissues in which the signaling function of Ca(2+) has special importance, e.g., the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, I-35131, Padova, Italy,
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Maciejewska I, Sakowicz-Burkiewicz M, Pawelczyk T. Id1 Expression Level Determines the Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J Dent Res 2014; 93:576-81. [PMID: 24695670 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514530164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
TWIST1 plays a crucial role in dentinogenesis, and its activity depends on both a dimerization partner selection and phosphorylation. Other factors, like Id proteins, can affect the availability of dimerization partners for TWIST1, subsequently leading to diverse biological outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an impact of Id1 expression on differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). The altered expression of Id1 was achieved by transfection of human DPSCs with lentiviral vectors either driving an entire sequence of Id1, hence leading to Id1 overexpression, or carrying the Id1 silencing sequence. We observed that both overexpression and silencing of Id1 modulated human DPSC differentiation. Id1 overexpression resulted in a prevailing formation of TWIST1 homodimer and increased expression of genes encoding dentin sialophosphoprotein and dentin matrix protein 1, which confirm an enhanced odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Concurrently, Id1 silencing produced an opposite effect, slowing DPSC differentiation. These results highlight Id1 as an important modulator of molecular events during DPSC commitment and differentiation, which should be considered in dental research on tissue engineering. Moreover, we assume that the balance between TWIST1 dimerization forms in DPSCs might function in a cell-type-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Maciejewska
- Department of Dental Prosthodontics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - M Sakowicz-Burkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - T Pawelczyk
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
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Xie X, Ma S, Li C, Liu P, Wang H, Chen L, Qin C. Expression of Small Integrin-Binding LIgand N-linked Glycoproteins (SIBLINGs) in the reparative dentin of rat molars. Dent Traumatol 2014; 30:285-95. [PMID: 24502800 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyze the expression and distribution of Small Integrin-Binding LIgand N-linked Glycoproteins (SIBLINGs) in reparative dentin (RepD). METHODOLOGY Cavities on the mesial surfaces of rat molars were prepared to expose the pulp, and a calcium hydroxide agent was applied to cap the exposed pulp. The molars with pulp capping were extracted at postoperative 1, 2, and 4 weeks. The immunolocalization of four SIBLINGs, dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), dentin sialoprotein (DSP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteopontin (OPN) in RepD, was analyzed in comparison with reactionary dentin (ReaD) and primary dentin (PD). RESULTS At two weeks after operation, the region of the exposed pulp formed a layer of reparative dentin bridge sealing the communication between the cavity and pulp chamber. Dentinal tubules in RepD were more irregular in shape and fewer in number than PD. At postoperative 2 and 4 weeks, RepD had lower levels of DMP1 and DSP than PD. BSP and OPN were present in RepD, but not in PD. RepD showed certain similarities to ReaD in the expression of SIBLINGs. CONCLUSIONS The reduced levels of DMP1 and DSP may be associated with the decreased number of dentinal tubules in RepD. The expression of BSP and OPN in RepD indicates that the odontoblast-like cells were attempting to produce a hard tissue at a very rapid pace. These findings suggest that in response to the surgical injury, the newly differentiated odontoblast-like cells altered their synthesis of the dentinogenesis-related proteins and produced a hard tissue that is an intermediate between dentin and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Xie
- Longjiang Scholar Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Department of Endodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Martini D, Trirè A, Breschi L, Mazzoni A, Teti G, Falconi M, Ruggeri A. Dentin matrix protein 1 and dentin sialophosphoprotein in human sound and carious teeth: an immunohistochemical and colorimetric assay. Eur J Histochem 2013; 57:e32. [PMID: 24441185 PMCID: PMC3896034 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2013.e32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) are extracellular matrix proteins produced by odontoblasts involved in the dentin mineralization. The aim this study was to compare the distribution of DMP1 and DSPP in human sound dentin vs human sclerotic dentin. Sixteen sound and sixteen carious human molars were selected, fixed in paraformaldehyde and processed for immunohistochemical detection of DMP1 and DSPP by means of light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution field emission in-lens scanning electron microscopy (FEI-SEM). Specimens were submitted to a pre-embedding or a post-embedding immunolabeling technique using primary antibodies anti DMP1 and anti-DSPP and gold-conjugated secondary antibodies. Other samples were processed for the detection of DMP1 and DSPP levels. Dentin from these samples was mechanically fractured to powder, then a protein extraction and a protein level detection assay were performed. DMP1 and DSPP were more abundant in carious than in sound samples. Immunohistochemical analyses in sclerotic dentin disclosed a high expression of DMP1 and DSPP inside the tubules, suggesting an active biomineralization of dentin by odontoblasts. Furthermore, the detection of small amounts of these proteins inside the tubules far from the carious lesion, as shown in the present study, is consistent with the hypothesis of a preventive defense of all dentin after a noxious stimulus has undermined the tooth.
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Sun Y, Jiang Y, Liu Q, Gao T, Feng JQ, Dechow P, D'Souza RN, Qin C, Liu X. Biomimetic engineering of nanofibrous gelatin scaffolds with noncollagenous proteins for enhanced bone regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:1754-63. [PMID: 23469769 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic approaches are widely used in scaffolding designs to enhance tissue regeneration. In this study, we integrated noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) from bone extracellular matrix (ECM) with three-dimensional nanofibrous gelatin (NF-Gelatin) scaffolds to form an artificial matrix (NF-Gelatin-NCPs) mimicking both the nano-structured architecture and chemical composition of natural bone ECM. Through a chemical coupling process, the NCPs were evenly distributed over all the surfaces (inner and outer) of the NF-gelatin-NCPs. The in vitro study showed that the number of osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) on the NF-Gelatin-NCPs was significantly higher than that on the NF-Gelatin after being cultured for 14 days. Both the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the expression of osteogenic genes (OPN, BSP, DMP1, CON, and Runx2) were significantly higher in the NF-Gelatin-NCPs than in the NF-Gelatin at 3 weeks. Von Kossa staining, backscattered scanning electron microscopy, and microcomputed tomography all revealed a higher amount of mineral deposition in the NF-Gelatin-NCPs than in the NF-Gelatin after in vitro culturing for 3 weeks. The in vivo calvarial defect study indicated that the NF-Gelatin-NCPs recruited more host cells to the defect and regenerated a higher amount of bone than the controls after implantation for 6 weeks. Immunohistochemical staining also showed high-level mineralization of the bone matrix in the NF-Gelatin-NCPs. Taken together, both the in vitro and in vivo results confirmed that the incorporation of NCPs onto the surfaces of the NF-Gelatin scaffold significantly enhanced osteogenesis and mineralization. Biomimetic engineering of the surfaces of the NF-Gelatin scaffold with NCPs, therefore, is a promising strategy to enhance bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- Biomedical Sciences Department, The Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
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Gibson MP, Zhu Q, Wang S, Liu Q, Liu Y, Wang X, Yuan B, Ruest LB, Feng JQ, D'Souza RN, Qin C, Lu Y. The rescue of dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1)-deficient tooth defects by the transgenic expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) indicates that DSPP is a downstream effector molecule of DMP1 in dentinogenesis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:7204-14. [PMID: 23349460 PMCID: PMC3591629 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.445775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) are essential for the formation of dentin. Previous in vitro studies have indicated that DMP1 might regulate the expression of DSPP during dentinogenesis. To examine whether DMP1 controls dentinogenesis through the regulation of DSPP in vivo, we cross-bred transgenic mice expressing normal DSPP driven by a 3.6-kb rat Col1a1 promoter with Dmp1 KO mice to generate mice expressing the DSPP transgene in the Dmp1 KO genetic background (referred to as "Dmp1 KO/DSPP Tg mice"). We used morphological, histological, and biochemical techniques to characterize the dentin and alveolar bone of Dmp1 KO/DSPP Tg mice compared with Dmp1 KO and wild-type mice. Our analyses showed that the expression of endogenous DSPP was remarkably reduced in the Dmp1 KO mice. Furthermore, the transgenic expression of DSPP rescued the tooth and alveolar bone defects of the Dmp1 KO mice. In addition, our in vitro analyses showed that DMP1 and its 57-kDa C-terminal fragment significantly up-regulated the Dspp promoter activities in a mesenchymal cell line. In contrast, the expression of DMP1 was not altered in the Dspp KO mice. These results provide strong evidence that DSPP is a downstream effector molecule that mediates the roles of DMP1 in dentinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Prasad Gibson
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246 and
| | - Qinglin Zhu
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246 and
| | - Suzhen Wang
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246 and
| | - Qilin Liu
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246 and
| | - Ying Liu
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246 and
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246 and
| | - Baozhi Yuan
- the Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - L. Bruno Ruest
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246 and
| | - Jian Q. Feng
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246 and
| | - Rena N. D'Souza
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246 and
| | - Chunlin Qin
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246 and
| | - Yongbo Lu
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246 and
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Yoshizaki K, Yamada Y. Gene evolution and functions of extracellular matrix proteins in teeth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 72:1-10. [PMID: 23539364 DOI: 10.1016/j.odw.2013.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) not only provides physical support for tissues, but it is also critical for tissue development, homeostasis and disease. Over 300 ECM molecules have been defined as comprising the "core matrisome" in mammals through the analysis of whole genome sequences. During tooth development, the structure and functions of the ECM dynamically change. In the early stages, basement membranes (BMs) separate two cell layers of the dental epithelium and the mesenchyme. Later in the differentiation stages, the BM layer is replaced with the enamel matrix and the dentin matrix, which are secreted by ameloblasts and odontoblasts, respectively. The enamel matrix genes and the dentin matrix genes are each clustered in two closed regions located on human chromosome 4 (mouse chromosome 5), except for the gene coded for amelogenin, the major enamel matrix protein, which is located on the sex chromosomes. These genes for enamel and dentin matrix proteins are derived from a common ancestral gene, but as a result of evolution, they diverged in terms of their specific functions. These matrix proteins play important roles in cell adhesion, polarity, and differentiation and mineralization of enamel and dentin matrices. Mutations of these genes cause diseases such as odontogenesis imperfect (OI) and amelogenesis imperfect (AI). In this review, we discuss the recently defined terms matrisome and matrixome for ECMs, as well as focus on genes and functions of enamel and dentin matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Yoshizaki
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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50
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Zurick KM, Qin C, Bernards MT. Mineralization induction effects of osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and dentin phosphoprotein on a biomimetic collagen substrate. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 101:1571-81. [PMID: 23161527 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Native bone tissue is composed of a matrix of collagen, noncollagenous proteins, and calcium phosphate minerals, which are primarily hydroxyapatite. The SIBLING (small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoprotein) family of proteins is the primary noncollagenous protein group found in mineralized tissues. In this work, the mineralization induction capabilities of three of the SIBLING members, bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OPN), and the calcium-binding subdomain of dentin sialophosphoprotein, dentin phosphoprotein (DPP), are directly compared on a biomimetic collagen substrate. A self-assembled, loosely aligned collagen fibril substrate was prepared, and then (125) I-radiolabeled adsorption isotherms were developed for BSP, OPN, and DPP. The results showed that BSP exhibited the highest binding capacity for collagen at lower concentrations, followed by DPP and OPN. However, at the highest concentrations, all three proteins had similar adsorption levels. The adsorption isotherms were then used to identify conditions that resulted in identical amounts of adsorbed protein. These substrates were prepared and placed in simulated body fluid for 5, 10, and 24 h at 37°C. The resulting mineral morphology was assessed by atomic force microscopy, and the composition was determined using photochemical assays. Mineralization was seen in the presence of all the proteins. However, DPP was seen to be the only protein that formed individual mineral nodules similar to those seen in developing bone. This suggests that DPP plays a significant role in the biomineralization process and that the incorporation of DPP into tissue engineering constructs may facilitate the induction of biomimetic mineral formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Zurick
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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