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Pakpahan ND, Kyawsoewin M, Manokawinchoke J, Termkwancharoen C, Egusa H, Limraksasin P, Osathanon T. Effects of mechanical loading on matrix homeostasis and differentiation potential of periodontal ligament cells: A scoping review. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38736036 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Various mechanical loadings, including mechanical stress, orthodontics forces, and masticatory force, affect the functions of periodontal ligament cells. Regulation of periodontal tissue destruction, formation, and differentiation functions are crucial processes for periodontal regeneration therapy. Numerous studies have reported that different types of mechanical loading play a role in maintaining periodontal tissue matrix homeostasis, and osteogenic differentiation of the periodontal ligament cells. This scoping review aims to evaluate the studies regarding the effects of various mechanical loadings on the secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, regulation of the balance between formation and destruction of periodontal tissue matrix, osteogenic differentiation, and multiple differentiation functions of the periodontal ligament. An electronic search for this review has been conducted on two databases; MEDLINE via PubMed and SCOPUS. Study selection criteria included original research written in English that reported the effects of different mechanical loadings on matrix homeostasis and differentiation potential of periodontal ligament cells. The final 204 articles were mainly included in the present scoping review. Mechanical forces of the appropriate magnitude, duration, and pattern have a positive influence on the secretion of ECM components such as collagen, as well as regulate the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. Additionally, these forces regulate a balance between osteoblastic and osteoclast differentiation. Conversely, incorrect mechanical loadings can lead to abnormal formation and destruction of both soft and hard tissue. This review provides additional insight into how mechanical loadings impact ECM homeostasis and multiple differentiation functions of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), thus making it valuable for regenerative periodontal treatment. In combination with advancing technologies, the utilization of ECM components, application of different aspects of mechanical force, and differentiation potential of PDLCs could bring potential benefits to future periodontal regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novena Dameria Pakpahan
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maythwe Kyawsoewin
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutimon Termkwancharoen
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Phoonsuk Limraksasin
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Gopinath D, Wie CC, Banerjee M, Thangavelu L, Kumar R P, Nallaswamy D, Botelho MG, Johnson NW. Compositional profile of mucosal bacteriome of smokers and smokeless tobacco users. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:1647-1656. [PMID: 34436669 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoked, and especially smokeless, tobacco are major causes of oral cancer globally. Here, we examine the oral bacteriome of smokers and of smokeless tobacco users, in comparison to healthy controls, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. METHODS Oral swab samples were collected from smokers, smokeless tobacco users, and healthy controls (n = 44). Microbial DNA was extracted and the 16S rRNA gene profiled using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequencing reads were processed using DADA2, and taxonomical classification was performed using the phylogenetic placement method. Differentially abundant taxa were identified using DESeq2, while functional metagenomes based on KEGG orthology abundance were inferred using LIMMA. RESULTS A significantly higher microbial diversity was observed in smokeless tobacco users and smokers relative to controls (P < 0.05). Compositional differences in microbial communities were observed in all comparisons with healthy controls (PERMANOVA P < 0.05) but not between smokers and smokeless tobacco users. Levels of Fusobacterium spp., Saccharibacterium spp., and members of Shuttleworthia were elevated in smokers when compared to controls (BH adj P < 0.01). In addition, the relative abundance of three bacterial taxa belonging to genera Fusobacterium spp., Catonella, and Fretibacterium spp. was significantly increased in smokeless tobacco users relative to controls (BH adj P < 0.01). Major functional pathways significantly increased in smokeless tobacco users relative to both controls, and smokers were similar and involved amino acid metabolism including glutamate and aspartate biosynthesis and degradation (log FC > 1.5; BH adj P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS A distinct taxonomic and functional profile of oral microbiome in smokers and smokeless tobacco users as compared to healthy controls implicates a significant role of microbes and their metabolites in diseases associated with tobacco use including oral cancer. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Future efforts in preventive, diagnostic, curative, and prognostic strategies for diseases associated with tobacco use in smokers and smokeless tobacco users could incorporate the oral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Gopinath
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Street 34 Hospital Rd, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Clinical Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala , Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chong Chun Wie
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Moinak Banerjee
- Human Molecular Genetics Lab, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, India
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar R
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Deepak Nallaswamy
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Michael George Botelho
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Street 34 Hospital Rd, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Newell W Johnson
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Street 34 Hospital Rd, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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Behm C, Nemec M, Weissinger F, Rausch MA, Andrukhov O, Jonke E. MMPs and TIMPs Expression Levels in the Periodontal Ligament during Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6967. [PMID: 34203475 PMCID: PMC8268288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), applied orthodontic forces cause an extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the periodontal ligament (PDL). This is mainly orchestrated by different types of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which are both secreted by periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies already investigated the influence of applied orthodontic forces on the expression of MMPs and TIMPs. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the expression levels of MMPs and TIMPs during OTM and the influence of specific orthodontic force-related parameters. Methods: Electronic article search was performed on PubMed and Web of Science until 31 January 2021. Screenings of titles, abstracts and full texts were performed according to PRISMA, whereas eligibility criteria were defined for in vitro and in vivo studies, respectively, according to the PICO schema. Risk of bias assessment for in vitro studies was verified by specific methodological and reporting criteria. For in vivo studies, risk of bias assessment was adapted from the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for analytical cross-sectional study. Results: Electronic article search identified 3266 records, from which 28 in vitro and 12 in vivo studies were included. The studies showed that orthodontic forces mainly caused increased MMPs and TIMPs expression levels, whereas the exact effect may depend on various intervention and sample parameters and subject characteristics. Conclusion: This systematic review revealed that orthodontic forces induce a significant effect on MMPs and TIMPs in the PDL. This connection may contribute to the controlled depletion and formation of the PDLs' ECM at the compression and tension site, respectively, and finally to the highly regulated OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Behm
- Clinical Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.B.); (M.N.); (M.A.R.); (E.J.)
- Competence Centre for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Michael Nemec
- Clinical Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.B.); (M.N.); (M.A.R.); (E.J.)
| | - Fabian Weissinger
- Competence Centre for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Marco Aoqi Rausch
- Clinical Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.B.); (M.N.); (M.A.R.); (E.J.)
- Competence Centre for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Centre for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Erwin Jonke
- Clinical Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.B.); (M.N.); (M.A.R.); (E.J.)
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Escobar E, Piedrahita M, Gregory RL. Growth and viability of Streptococcus mutans in sucrose with different concentrations of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3237-3242. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Alawadhi NB, Lippert F, Gregory RL. Effects of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate crème on nicotine-induced Streptococcus mutans biofilm in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3513-3518. [PMID: 32691297 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to test the effects of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) crème, or MI Paste™ (MIP), on nicotine-induced Streptococcus mutans biofilm. The experiment utilized S. mutans biofilm assays with varying concentrations of nicotine and MIP aqueous concentrate levels. First hand exposure to nicotine has been demonstrated to significantly increase S. mutans biofilm formation, while the active component, CPP-ACP, in MIP has been shown to reduce S. mutans biofilm formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 24-h culture of S. mutans UA159 in microtiter plates were treated with varying nicotine concentrations (0-32 mg/ml) in Tryptic Soy Broth supplemented with 1% sucrose (TSBS) with or without MIP aqueous concentrate. A spectrophotometer was used to determine total growth absorbance and planktonic growth. The microtiter plate wells were washed, fixed, and stained with crystal violet dye and the absorbance measured to determine biofilm formation. RESULTS The presence of MIP aqueous concentrate inhibits nicotine-induced S. mutans biofilm formation at different concentrations of nicotine (0-32 mg/ml). CONCLUSION The results demonstrated nicotine-induced S. mutans biofilm formation is decreased in the presence of MIP. This provides further evidence about the cariostatic properties of CPP-ACP, the active soluble ingredient in the MIP, and reconfirms the harmful effects of nicotine. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Smokers may gain dual benefits from the use of MIP, as a remineralization agent and as a cariostatic agent, by inhibiting nicotine-induced S. mutans biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser B Alawadhi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry - Advanced Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Frank Lippert
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Richard L Gregory
- Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Kumar P, Geisinger M, DeLong HR, Lipman RD, Araujo MWB. Living under a cloud: Electronic cigarettes and the dental patient. J Am Dent Assoc 2020; 151:155-158. [PMID: 32130942 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Alshahrani AM, Gregory RL. In vitro Cariostatic effects of cinnamon water extract on nicotine-induced Streptococcus mutans biofilm. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:45. [PMID: 32046702 PMCID: PMC7076877 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic oral diseases worldwide. Dental caries is mainly associated with Streptococcus mutans and the Lactobacillus species. A specific relationship was found between nicotine and S. mutans growth as the presence of nicotine increased S. mutans biofilm formation. Nicotine is able to increase the number of S. mutans and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis. Among the widely used herbs and spices is cinnamon which demonstrated a strong antibacterial activity against a wide variety of bacteria including S. mutans and showed the ability to inhibit S. mutans biofilm formation. Cinnamon essential oil, obtained from the leaves of C. zeylanicum, has been demonstrated to be effective against S. mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus, which are partially responsible for dental plaque formation and caries development. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of nicotine exposure on the inhibitory effects of cinnamon water extract on S. mutans biofilm formation. Materials and methods A 24-h culture of S. mutans UA159 in microtiter plates was treated with varying nicotine concentrations (0–32 mg/ml) in Tryptic Soy broth supplemented with 1% sucrose (TSBS) with or without a standardized concentration (2.5 mg/ml) of cinnamon water extract. A spectrophotometer was used to determine total growth absorbance and planktonic growth. The microtiter plate wells were washed, fixed and stained with crystal violet dye and the absorbance measured to determine biofilm formation. Results The presence of 2.5 mg/ml cinnamon water extract inhibits nicotine-induced S. mutans biofilm formation from 34 to 98% at different concentrations of nicotine (0–32 mg/ml). Conclusion The results demonstrated nicotine-induced S. mutans biofilm formation is decreased from 34 to 98% in the presence of 2.5 mg/ml cinnamon water extract. This provides further evidence about the biofilm inhibitory properties of cinnamon water extract and reconfirms the harmful effects of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz M Alshahrani
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health - Cariology and operative dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Richard L Gregory
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Suzuki M, Kubota K, Nishimura R, Negishi L, Komatsu K, Kagi H, Rehav K, Cohen S, Weiner S. A unique methionine-rich protein-aragonite crystal complex: Structure and mechanical functions of the Pinctada fucata bivalve hinge ligament. Acta Biomater 2019; 100:1-9. [PMID: 31604125 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The bivalve hinge ligament holds the two shells together. The ligament functions as a spring to open the shells after they were closed by the adductor muscle. The ligament is a mineralized tissue that bears no resemblance to any other known tissue. About half the ligament is composed of a protein-rich matrix, and half of long and extremely thin segmented aragonite crystals. Here we study the hinge ligament of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. FIB SEM shows that the 3D organization is remarkably ordered. The full sequence of the major protein component contains a continuous segment of 30 repeats of MMMLPD. There is no known homologous protein. Knockdown of this protein prevents crystal formation, demonstrating that the integrity of the matrix is necessary for crystals to form. X-ray diffraction shows that the aragonite crystals are more aligned in the compressed ligament, indicating that the crystals may be actively contributing to the elastic properties. The fusion interphase that joins the ligament to the shell nacre is composed of a prismatic mineralized tissue with a thin organic-rich layer at its center. Nanoindentation of the dry interphase shows that the elastic modulus of the nacre adjacent to the interphase gradually decreases until it approximates that of the interphase. The interphase modulus slightly increases until it matches the ligament. All these observations demonstrate that the ligament shell complex is a remarkable biological tissue that has evolved unique properties that enable bivalves to open their shell effectively innumerable times during the lifetime of the animal. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The hinge ligament shell complex is a unique functioning structural tissue whose elastic properties enable the shell to open without expending energy. Methionine-rich proteins are not known elsewhere raising fundamental questions about secondary and tertiary structures contributing to its elastic properties. The segmented and extremely thin aragonite crystals embedded in this matrix may also have unexpected elastic materials properties as they flex during compression. The structure of the interphase comprises a fascinating biological joint that connects two very different materials. The interphase materials, including the nacre, are graded with respect to elastic modulus so as to approximately match the connecting components. The interphase incorporates a thin organic rich layer that presumably functions as a gasket. This study raises many fundamental questions relevant to the diverse fields of protein chemistry, biomineralization and biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Kubota
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryo Nishimura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Lumi Negishi
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuki Komatsu
- Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hioryuki Kagi
- Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Katya Rehav
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sidney Cohen
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Steve Weiner
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Ajzashokouhi AH, Bostan HB, Jomezadeh V, Hayes AW, Karimi G. A review on the cardioprotective mechanisms of metformin against doxorubicin. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 39:237-248. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327119888277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an antineoplastic agent obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is utilized in treating different kinds of cancers, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and lung, and breast cancers. The main side effect of DOX is cardiotoxicity. Metformin (MET) is an antihyperglycemic drug used for type 2 diabetes treatment. It is proposed that MET has a protective effect against DOX cardiotoxicity. Our review demonstrated that MET has several possible mechanisms of action, which can prevent or at least reduce DOX cardiotoxicity including a decrease of free radical generation and oxidative stress, 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation, and ferritin heavy chain expression in cardiomyocytes cells. The combination of MET and DOX has been shown to enhance the anticancer activity of DOX by a number of authors. The literature reviewed in the present report supports the hypothesis that MET can reduce the cardiotoxicity that often occurs with DOX treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- AH Ajzashokouhi
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - HB Bostan
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - V Jomezadeh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - AW Hayes
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - G Karimi
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ludolph I, Gruener J, Kengelbach-Weigand A, Fiessler C, Horch R, Schmitz M. Long-term studies on the integration of acellular porcine dermis as an implant shell and the effect on capsular fibrosis around silicone implants in a rat model. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2019; 72:1555-1563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Feitosa SA, Palasuk J, Geraldeli S, Windsor LJ, Bottino MC. Physicochemical and biological properties of novel chlorhexidine-loaded nanotube-modified dentin adhesive. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 107:868-875. [PMID: 30199597 PMCID: PMC6408277 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A commercially available three-step (etch-and-rinse) adhesive was modified by adding chlorhexidine (CHX)-loaded nanotubes (Halloysite®, HNT) at two concentrations (CHX10% and CHX20%). The experimental groups were: SBMP (unmodified adhesive, control), HNT (SBMP modified with HNT), CHX10 (SBMP modified with HNT loaded with CHX10%), and CHX20 (SBMP modified with HNT loaded with CHX20%). Changes in the degree of conversion (DC%), Knoop hardness (KHN), water sorption (WS), solubility (SL), antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, and anti-matrix metalloproteinase [MMP-1] activity (collagenase-I) were evaluated. In regards to DC%, two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test revealed that only the factor "adhesive" was statistically significant (p < 0.05). No significant differences were detected in DC% when 20 s light-curing was used (p > 0.05). For Knoop microhardness, one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey's test showed statistically significant differences when comparing HNT (20.82 ± 1.65) and CHX20% (21.71 ± 2.83) with the SBMP and CHX10% groups. All adhesives presented similar WS and cytocompatibility. The CHX-loaded nanotube-modified adhesive released enough CHX to inhibit the growth of S. mutans and L. casei. Adhesive eluates were not able to effectively inhibit MMP-1 activity. The evaluation of higher CHX concentrations might be necessary to provide an effective and predictable MMP inhibition. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res B Part B, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 868-875, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina A. Feitosa
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jadesada Palasuk
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Saulo Geraldeli
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Operative Division, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - L. Jack Windsor
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Marco C. Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Smokeless tobacco impacts oral microbiota in a Syrian Golden hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis model. Anaerobe 2018; 52:29-42. [PMID: 29852249 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of smokeless tobacco products (STPs) can cause many serious health problems. The oral microbiota plays important roles in oral and systemic health, and the disruption in the oral microbial population is linked to periodontal disease and other health problems. To assess the impact of smokeless tobacco on oral microbiota in vivo, high-throughput sequencing was used to examine the oral microbiota present in Syrian Golden hamster cheek pouches. Sixteen hamsters were divided into four groups and treated with the STP Grizzly snuff (0, 2.5, 25, or 250 mg) twice daily for 4 weeks. After 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of treatment, bacterial genomic DNA was extracted from oral swabs sampled from the cheek pouches of the hamsters. The oral bacterial communities present in different hamster groups were characterized by sequencing the hypervariable regions V1-V2 and V4 of 16S rRNA using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Fifteen phyla, 27 classes, 59 orders, 123 families, and 250 genera were identified from 4,962,673 sequence reads from the cheek pouch samples. The bacterial diversity and taxonomic abundances for the different treatment groups were compared to the non-treated hamsters. Bacterial diversity was significantly decreased after 4 weeks of exposure to 2.5 mg, and significantly increased by exposure to 250 mg STP. Treatment with 250 mg STP significantly increased Firmicutes, transiently increased Cyanobacteria and TM7, and decreased Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria compared to the control group. At the genus level, 4 weeks of administration of 250 mg STP significantly increased Granulicatella, Streptococcus, Oribacterium, Anaerococcus, Acidaminococcus, Actinomyces, Eubacterium, Negativicoccus, and Staphylococcus, and decreased Bacteroides, Buleidia, Dialister, and Leptotrichia, and transiently decreased Arcanobacterium compared to the control group. For the first time, an animal model was used for evaluating the effects of STP on oral microbiota by metagenomic sequencing. Our results provide a view of the shift of the oral microbiota in response to STP exposure in Syrian Golden hamster. Our findings indicate that the use of smokeless tobacco significantly disrupts the oral microbiota.
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Anis MM, Krynetskaia N, Zhao Z, Krynetskiy E, Soliman AMS. Determining Candidate Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Acquired Laryngotracheal Stenosis. Laryngoscope 2017; 128:E111-E116. [PMID: 29164621 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Despite wide adoption of strategies to prevent injury from prolonged intubation and tracheotomy, acquired laryngotracheal stenosis (ALTS) has not disappeared. ALTS' persistence may be due to patient factors that confer unique susceptibility for some. We sought to identify genetic markers in genes associated with wound healing that could be associated with ALTS. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. METHODS One hundred thirty-eight patients were recruited, 53 patients with ALTS and 85 control patients who underwent intubation or tracheotomy without evidence of ALTS. The patients' DNA was isolated from whole blood. Custom primers were designed, and the TaqMan assay employing allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to interrogate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1799750, rs522616, rs2276109, rs2569190, rs1800469, and rs1024611 of candidate wound healing genes MMP1, MMP3, MMP12, CD14, TGFβ1, and MCP1, respectively. A logistic regression model was used to examine the association of candidate gene polymorphisms with the presence or absence of ALTS. RESULTS All 138 patients were successfully genotyped. No significant association was found between candidate SNPs and development of ALTS in the overall group. However, subgroup analysis within each ethnicity identified SNPs that are associated with ALTS depending upon the ethnic background. CONCLUSIONS Patient factors such as variations in wound healing due to functional SNPs may shed light on the development of ALTS. There may be a difference in susceptibility to developing ALTS in different ethnic backgrounds. These preliminary findings need to be corroborated in larger population studies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3b. Laryngoscope, 128:E111-E116, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mursalin M Anis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Coastal Ear, Nose and Throat, Neptune, New Jersey
| | - Natalia Krynetskaia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhigen Zhao
- Department of Statistics, Fox School of Business, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Evgeny Krynetskiy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ahmed M S Soliman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Chen J, Li T, Zhou X, Cheng L, Huo Y, Zou J, Li Y. Characterization of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats sites in Streptococcus mutans isolated from early childhood caries patients. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 83:174-180. [PMID: 28783550 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) sites in 45 clinical Streptococcus mutans strains and their relationship to the clinical manifestations of early childhood caries (ECC). METHODS Forty-five S. mutans strains were isolated from the plaque samples taken from sixty-three children. CRISPR sites were sequenced and BLAST was used to compare these sites to those in the CRISPRTarget database. The association between the distribution of CRISPR sites and the manifestation of caries was analyzed by Chi-Square test. Further, biofilm formation (by crystal violet staining) and the synthesis of polysaccharide (by anthrone-sulfuric method) of all clinical isolated S. mutans strains with both CRISPR sites and no CRISPR site were comapared. Finally, acidogenicity and acidurity of two typical strains were determined using pH drop and acid tolerance assays. Biofilm formation and EPS synthesis by two typical strains were compared by 3D CLSM (Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope) assays and the expression of gtf genes were evaluated using qPCR. RESULTS We found that most of the spacers in the clinical S. mutans strains were derived from Streptococcus phages APCM01 and M102. The number of CRISPR sites in these strains was associated with the clinical manifestations of ECC. Moreover, we found that the biofilm formation and EPS synthesis ability of the S. mutans strains with both CRISPR sites was significant improved. CONCLUSIONS An association was found between the distribution of CRISPR sites and the clinical manifestations of caries. The CRISPR sites might contribute to the cariogenic potential of S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiancheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Barcia JM, Portolés S, Portolés L, Urdaneta AC, Ausina V, Pérez-Pastor GMA, Romero FJ, Villar VM. Does Oxidative Stress Induced by Alcohol Consumption Affect Orthodontic Treatment Outcome? Front Physiol 2017; 8:22. [PMID: 28179886 PMCID: PMC5263147 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS Ethanol, Periodontal ligament, Extracellular matrix, Orthodontic movement. Alcohol is a legal drug present in several drinks commonly used worldwide (chemically known as ethyl alcohol or ethanol). Alcohol consumption is associated with several disease conditions, ranging from mental disorders to organic alterations. One of the most deleterious effects of ethanol metabolism is related to oxidative stress. This promotes cellular alterations associated with inflammatory processes that eventually lead to cell death or cell cycle arrest, among others. Alcohol intake leads to bone destruction and modifies the expression of interleukins, metalloproteinases and other pro-inflammatory signals involving GSKβ, Rho, and ERK pathways. Orthodontic treatment implicates mechanical forces on teeth. Interestingly, the extra- and intra-cellular responses of periodontal cells to mechanical movement show a suggestive similarity with the effects induced by ethanol metabolism on bone and other cell types. Several clinical traits such as age, presence of systemic diseases or pharmacological treatments, are taken into account when planning orthodontic treatments. However, little is known about the potential role of the oxidative conditions induced by ethanol intake as a possible setback for orthodontic treatment in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M. Barcia
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente MártirValencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Portolés
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente MártirValencia, Spain
| | - Laura Portolés
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente MártirValencia, Spain
| | - Alba C. Urdaneta
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente MártirValencia, Spain
| | - Verónica Ausina
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea de ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - Gema M. A. Pérez-Pastor
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente MártirValencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Romero
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente MártirValencia, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea de ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - Vincent M. Villar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera, CEUMoncada, Spain
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Liu M, Jin J, Pan H, Feng J, Cerniglia CE, Yang M, Chen H. Effect of smokeless tobacco products on human oral bacteria growth and viability. Anaerobe 2016; 42:152-161. [PMID: 27756619 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the toxicity of smokeless tobacco products (STPs) on oral bacteria, seven smokeless tobacco aqueous extracts (STAEs) from major brands of STPs and three tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs) were used in a growth and viability test against 38 oral bacterial species or subspecies. All seven STAEs showed concentration-dependent effects on the growth and viability of tested oral bacteria under anaerobic culture conditions, although there were strain-to-strain variations. In the presence of 1 mg/ml STAEs, the growth of 4 strains decreased over 0.32-2.14 log10 fold, while 14 strains demonstrated enhanced growth of 0.3-1.76 log10 fold, and the growth of 21 strains was not significantly affected. In the presence of 10 mg/ml STAEs, the growth of 17 strains was inhibited 0.3-2.11 log10 fold, 18 strains showed enhanced growth of 0.3-0.97 log10 fold, and 4 strains were not significantly affected. In the presence of 50 mg/ml STAEs, the growth of 32 strains was inhibited 0.3-2.96 log10 fold, 8 strains showed enhanced growth of 0.3-1.0 log10 fold, and 2 strains were not significantly affected. All seven STAEs could promote the growth of 4 bacterial strains, including Eubacterium nodatum, Peptostreptococcus micros, Streptococcus anginosus, and Streptococcus constellatus. Exposure to STAEs modulated the viability of some bacterial strains, with 21.1-66.5% decrease for 4 strains at 1 mg/ml, 20.3-85.7% decrease for 10 strains at 10 mg/ml, 20.0-93.3% decrease for 27 strains at 50 mg/ml, and no significant effect for 11 strains at up to 50 mg/ml. STAEs from snuffs inhibited more tested bacterial strains than those from snus indicating that the snuffs may be more toxic to the oral bacteria than snus. For TSNAs, cell growth and viability of 34 tested strains were not significantly affected at up to 100 μg/ml; while the growth of P. micros was enhanced 0.31-0.54 log10 fold; the growth of Veillonella parvula was repressed 0.33-0.36 log10 fold; and the cell viabilities of 2 strains decreased 56.6-69.9%. The results demonstrate that STAEs affected the growth of some types of oral bacteria, which may affect the healthy ecological balance of oral bacteria in humans. On the other hand, TSNAs did not significantly affect the growth of the oral bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, United States; Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Jinshan Jin
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, United States
| | - Hongmiao Pan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, United States; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jinhui Feng
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, United States; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Carl E Cerniglia
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, United States
| | - Maocheng Yang
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, United States.
| | - Huizhong Chen
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, United States.
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Yu W, Li Y, Wang Z, Liu L, Liu J, Ding F, Zhang X, Cheng Z, Chen P, Dou J. Transcriptomic changes in human renal proximal tubular cells revealed under hypoxic conditions by RNA sequencing. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:894-902. [PMID: 27432315 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia often occurs among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Renal proximal tubular cells may be the primary target of a hypoxic insult. However, the underlying transcriptional mechanisms remain undefined. In this study, we revealed the global changes in gene expression in HK‑2 human renal proximal tubular cells under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. We analyzed the transcriptome of HK‑2 cells exposed to hypoxia for 24 h using RNA sequencing. A total of 279 differentially expressed genes was examined, as these genes could potentially explain the differences in HK‑2 cells between hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Moreover, 17 genes were validated by qPCR, and the results were highly concordant with the RNA seqencing results. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to better understand the functions of these differentially expressed genes. The upregulated genes appeared to be significantly enriched in the pathyway of extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, and in paticular, the pathway of renal cell carcinoma was upregulated under hypoxic conditions. The downregulated genes were enriched in the signaling pathway related to antigen processing and presentation; however, the pathway of glutathione metabolism was downregulated. Our analysis revealed numerous novel transcripts and alternative splicing events. Simultaneously, we also identified a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms, which will be a rich resource for future marker development. On the whole, our data indicate that transcriptome analysis provides valuable information for a more in depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms in CKD and renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Yu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Li
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Fengan Ding
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyuan Cheng
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Pingsheng Chen
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jun Dou
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Sepehri Z, Kiani Z, Alavian SM, Arababadi MK, Kennedy D. The link between TLR7 signaling and hepatitis B virus infection. Life Sci 2016; 158:63-9. [PMID: 27373425 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in recognition and induction of appropriate immune responses against viral infections, including hepatitis B. TLR7 detects intracellular viral single strand RNA which leads to the activation of several pro-inflammatory transcription factors via the MYD88 dependent pathway. Patients with prolonged infectious forms of hepatitis B, including active and inactive chronic forms, are unable to clear HBV from hepatocytes completely. It is believed that the differences in genetic and immunological parameters of the patients and clearance subjects, who successfully clear HBV infections, are the main factors responsible for allowing the long term infections to persist. It appears that defective expression of TLR7 may result in impaired immune responses against HBV. The aim of this review is to address the recent information regarding the crucial roles played by TLR7 in hepatitis B infection and also the main mechanisms used by HBV to escape from recognition by TLR7 in prolonged HBV infected patients. Considering that chronic hepatitis B infection is not yet curable, it could be possible to activate TLR7-related immunological pathways as a therapy directed towards persistent HBV infection. Hence, another aim of this study is to present recent developments of TLR7 agonists as a therapeutic strategy for chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sepehri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Zohre Kiani
- Zabol Medicinal Plant Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran; Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatollah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatollah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Derek Kennedy
- School of Natural Sciences, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
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19
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Morikawa T, Matsuzaka K, Nakajima K, Yasumura T, Sueishi K, Inoue T. Dental pulp cells promote the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, prostaglandin E 2 and substance P in mechanically stressed periodontal ligament cells. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 70:158-164. [PMID: 27371807 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells co-cultured with dental pulp (DP) cells following mechanical stress in vitro. Furthermore, the expression of prostaglandin (PG) E2 and substance P (SP) by the PDL cells and by the DP cells were also examined. DESIGN PDL and DP cells were obtained from 10 rats. The experimental group consisted of PDL cells subjected to centrifugal force as mechanical stress and co-cultured with DP cells. The 3 control groups of PDL cells were: 1) PDL cells without mechanical stress, 2) PDL cells treated with mechanical stress and 3) PDL cells co-cultured with DP cells. The 2 control groups of DP cells were: 1) DP cells without mechanical stress and 2) DP cells co-cultured with PDL cells. In each group, both cells were examined at day 1 and day 3, and mRNA levels of RANKL by PDL cells were analyzed using Real time quantitative Reverse Transcription (RT)-PCR. Furthermore, RANKL expression was observed using Immunofluorescence staining. PGE2 and SP expression levels by PDL cells and DP cells were characterized by ELISA analysis. RESULTS The expression of RANKL by PDL cells under mechanical stress increased by co-culture with DP cells. PGE2 and SP expressions were increased in the group of PDL cells subjected to mechanical stress and co-cultured with DP cells. CONCLUSION DP cells may facilitate the expression of RANKL in PDL cells under mechanical stress via PGE2 and SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Morikawa
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Matsuzaka
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 101-0061, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Nakajima
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 101-0061, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yasumura
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Kenji Sueishi
- Department of Orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, 101-0061, Tokyo, Japan
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Considerazioni sul trattamento ortodontico nei pazienti affetti da diabete mellito: revisione della letteratura. DENTAL CADMOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0011-8524(15)30051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Huang R, Li M, Gregory RL. Nicotine promotes Streptococcus mutans extracellular polysaccharide synthesis, cell aggregation and overall lactate dehydrogenase activity. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1083-90. [PMID: 25985036 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiology studies have reported a positive relationship between smoking and dental caries. Nicotine, an alkaloid component of tobacco, has been demonstrated to stimulate biofilm formation and metabolic activity of Streptococcus mutans, one of the most important pathogens of dental caries. The first aim of the present study was to explore the possible mechanisms leading to increased biofilm by nicotine treatment from three aspects, extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) synthesis, glucosyltransferase (Gtf) synthesis and glucan-binding protein (Gbp) synthesis at the mRNA and protein levels. The second aim was to investigate how nicotine affects S. mutans virulence, particular in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Confocal laser scanning microscopy results demonstrated that both biofilm bacterial cell numbers and EPS were increased by nicotine. Gtf and GbpA protein expression of S. mutans planktonic cells were upregulated while GbpB protein expression of biofilm cells were downregulated by nicotine. The mRNA expression trends of those genes were mostly consistent with results on protein level but not statistically significant, and gtfD and gbpD of biofilm cells were inhibited. Nicotine was not directly involved in S. mutans LDH activity. However, since it increases the total number of bacterial cells in biofilm, the overall LDH activity of S. mutans biofilm is increased. In conclusion, nicotine stimulates S. mutans planktonic cell Gtf and Gbp expression. This leads to more planktonic cells attaching to the dental biofilm. Increased cell numbers within biofilm results in higher overall LDH activity. This contributes to caries development in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Huang
- Department of Oral Biology and Tobacco Cessation and Biobehavioral Group, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - M Li
- Department of Oral Biology and Tobacco Cessation and Biobehavioral Group, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - R L Gregory
- Department of Oral Biology and Tobacco Cessation and Biobehavioral Group, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Anis MM, Zhao Z, Khurana J, Krynetskiy E, Soliman AMS. Translational genomics of acquired laryngotracheal stenosis. Laryngoscope 2014; 124:E175-9. [PMID: 23946168 DOI: 10.1002/lary.24382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Acquired laryngotracheal stenosis (ALTS) results from abnormal mucosal wound healing after laryngeal and/or tracheal injury. Patients with ALTS often present late after significant reduction of the airway lumen and onset of symptoms. Motivated by the need for earlier detection of affected patients, we sought to investigate genetic markers for ALTS that would identify susceptible patients. STUDY DESIGN Pilot Case-Control Study. METHODS Seventy-six patients were recruited, 40 patients with ALTS and 36 control patients with airway injury but without ALTS. DNA was isolated from whole blood and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from patients. Custom primers were designed and the TaqMan assay employing allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to interrogate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs2569190, rs1799750, and rs1800469 located in candidate genes CD14, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), respectively. A logistic regression model was used to examine the association of candidate gene polymorphisms with the presence or absence of ALTS. RESULTS All 76 patients were successfully genotyped at the three loci of interest by optimizing the genotyping protocol. MMP-1 SNP rs1799750 was most significantly associated with development of ALTS (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION Identification of SNPs associated with development of ALTS will provide new experimental targets to study wound healing in human subjects. The association found in the current study between ALTS and SNP rs1799750 is being validated in a larger population examining an expanded set of relevant SNPs. Identifying patients with genetic susceptibility to ALTS and poor wound healing in the upper airway will be useful for management of patients after upper-airway injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mursalin M Anis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and the Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
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Role of sortase in Streptococcus mutans under the effect of nicotine. Int J Oral Sci 2013; 5:206-11. [PMID: 24136674 PMCID: PMC3967321 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2013.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is a common Gram-positive bacterium and plays a significant role in dental caries. Tobacco and/or nicotine have documented effects on S. mutans growth and colonization. Sortase A is used by many Gram-positive bacteria, including S. mutans, to facilitate the insertion of certain cell surface proteins, containing an LPXTGX motif such as antigen I/II. This study examined the effect of nicotine on the function of sortase A to control the physiology and growth of S. mutans using wild-type S. mutans NG8, and its isogenic sortase-defective and -complemented strains. Briefly, the strains were treated with increasing amounts of nicotine in planktonic growth, biofilm metabolism, and sucrose-induced and saliva-induced antigen I/II-dependent biofilm formation assays. The strains exhibited no significant differences with different concentrations of nicotine in planktonic growth assays. However, they had significantly increased (P≤0.05) biofilm metabolic activity (2- to 3-fold increase) as the concentration of nicotine increased. Furthermore, the sortase-defective strain was more sensitive metabolically to nicotine than the wild-type or sortase-complemented strains. All strains had significantly increased sucrose-induced biofilm formation (2- to 3-fold increase) as a result of increasing concentrations of nicotine. However, the sortase-defective strain was not able to make as much sucrose- and saliva-induced biofilm as the wild-type NG8 did with increasing nicotine concentrations. These results indicated that nicotine increased metabolic activity and sucrose-induced biofilm formation. The saliva-induced biofilm formation assay and qPCR data suggested that antigen I/II was upregulated with nicotine but biofilm was not able to be formed as much as wild-type NG8 without functional sortase A.
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Fluid shear stress regulates metalloproteinase-1 and 2 in human periodontal ligament cells: Involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and P38 signaling pathways. J Biomech 2012; 45:2368-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Effect of matrix metalloproteinase-1 promoter genotype on interleukin-1beta-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 production in human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:109-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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