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Faienza MF, Giardinelli S, Annicchiarico A, Chiarito M, Barile B, Corbo F, Brunetti G. Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods: A Comprehensive Review of Their Role in Bone Health. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5873. [PMID: 38892062 PMCID: PMC11172758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone health is the result of a tightly regulated balance between bone modeling and bone remodeling, and alterations of these processes have been observed in several diseases both in adult and pediatric populations. The imbalance in bone remodeling can ultimately lead to osteoporosis, which is most often associated with aging, but contributing factors can already act during the developmental age, when over a third of bone mass is accumulated. The maintenance of an adequate bone mass is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, such as physical activity and diet, and particularly by an adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D. In addition, it has been claimed that the integration of specific nutraceuticals such as resveratrol, anthocyanins, isoflavones, lycopene, curcumin, lutein, and β-carotene and the intake of bioactive compounds from the diet such as honey, tea, dried plums, blueberry, and olive oil can be efficient strategies for bone loss prevention. Nutraceuticals and functional foods are largely used to provide medical or health benefits, but there is an urge to determine which products have adequate clinical evidence and a strong safety profile. The aim of this review is to explore the scientific and clinical evidence of the positive role of nutraceuticals and functional food in bone health, focusing both on molecular mechanisms and on real-world studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Felicia Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.F.F.)
| | - Silvia Giardinelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pediatrics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessia Annicchiarico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Mariangela Chiarito
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.F.F.)
| | - Barbara Barile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (B.B.)
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Liu Y, Yin T, He M, Fang C, Peng S. The relationship of dietary flavonoids and periodontitis in US population: a cross-sectional NHANES analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:168. [PMID: 38396151 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the association between dietary flavonoids intake and periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2010 on 3025 participants aged between 30 and 80 years who had full-mouth periodontal examination and dietary flavonoids intake data. This study used periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) as periodontitis markers. Data were analyzed using multivariate linear regression. RESULTS After adjusting confounders, the middle tertile of total dietary flavonoids was associated with decreased mean PPD (0.06 mm, P = 0.016) and mean CAL (0.13 mm, P = 0.001) and the top tertile of total dietary flavonoids was significantly associated with decreases in mean PPD (0.05 mm, P = 0.029) and mean CAL (0.11 mm, P = 0.010). Both the middle and top tertiles of total flavonoids intake were significantly related with decreased mean CAL in females, those flossing 0 days/week, overweight and non-diabetic population but not in males, smokers, those flossing 1-6 days/week and diabetic population. Higher anthocyanidins, flavones and flavonols intake was significantly associated with decreased mean PPD and mean CAL while higher flavanones intake was only significantly associated with decreased mean CAL. Higher anthocyanidins intake was particularly related with greatest decreases in mean CAL (top tertile: 0.22 mm, middle tertile: 0.17 mm, both P < 0.010). However, no significant associations were found between isoflavones and flavan_3_ols intake and mean CAL. CONCLUSIONS Higher dietary flavonoids intake may be beneficial for periodontal health. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Additional anthocyanidins, flavanones, flavones and flavonols intake was associated with improved periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundong Liu
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China.
| | - Tao Yin
- Changsha Health Vocational College, Changsha, Hunan, 410605, P.R. China
| | - Mi He
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Changyun Fang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Shifang Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China.
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Yoon H, Jung BH, Yoo KY, Lee JB, Um HS, Chang BS, Lee JK. Temporal changes of periodontal tissue pathology in a periodontitis animal model. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2023; 53:248-258. [PMID: 36468486 PMCID: PMC10465809 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2203420171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to characterize the early stages of periodontal disease and determine the optimal period for its evaluation in a mouse model. The association between the duration of ligation and its effect on the dentogingival area in mice was evaluated using micro-computed tomography (CT) and histological analysis. METHODS Ninety mice were allocated to an untreated control group or a ligation group in which periodontitis was induced by a 6-0 silk ligation around the left second maxillary molar. Mice were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 11, and 14 days after ligature placement. Alveolar bone destruction was evaluated using micro-CT. Histological analysis was performed to assess the immune-inflammatory processes in the periodontal tissue. RESULTS No significant difference in alveolar bone loss was found compared to the control group until day 3 after ligature placement, and a gradual increase in alveolar bone loss was observed from 4 to 8 days following ligature placement. No significant between-group differences were observed after 8 days. The histological analysis demonstrated that the inflammatory response was evident from day 4. CONCLUSIONS Our findings in a mouse model provide experimental evidence that ligature-induced periodontitis models offer a consistent progression of disease with marginal attachment down-growth, inflammatory infiltration, and alveolar bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunpil Yoon
- Department of Periodontology and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Bo Hyun Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Ki-Yeon Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Jong-Bin Lee
- Department of Periodontology and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Heung-Sik Um
- Department of Periodontology and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Beom-Seok Chang
- Department of Periodontology and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Lee
- Department of Periodontology and Research Institute of Oral Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University College of Dentistry, Gangneung, Korea.
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LeBoff MS, Chou SH, Ratliff KA, Cook NR, Clar A, Holman B, Copeland T, Smith DC, Rist PM, Manson JE, Sesso HD, Crandall CJ. Rationale and design of an ancillary study evaluating the effects of the cocoa flavanol and/or multivitamin interventions on falls and physical performance outcomes in the COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS). Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 125:107078. [PMID: 36621596 PMCID: PMC10732156 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls and decreased physical function increase markedly with age and result in injury, hospitalization, and premature death. Emerging studies show potential benefits of supplemental cocoa extract on physical performance, including grip strength and walking speed in older adults. However, there are no large, long-term randomized controlled trials of effects of supplemental cocoa extract on falls, muscle performance, and/or fall-related injuries. METHODS The COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) is a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial trial investigating effects of supplementation with cocoa extract (500 mg/d, including 80 mg (-)-epicatechin) and/or a multivitamin on prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer in 21,442 women (≥65 years) and men (≥60 years). COSMOS Effects on Falls and Physical Performance is an ancillary study to COSMOS that will clarify effects of cocoa extract and/or multivitamin supplementation on falls, physical performance, and incident fracture outcomes in older adults. Injurious fall(s) resulting in healthcare utilization and recurrent falls were regularly assessed by follow-up questionnaires in the overall cohort. Incident fractures were also assessed by annual questionnaires. Circumstances surrounding falls and any fall-related injuries will be confirmed by medical record review. Effects of the interventions on 2-year changes in physical performance measures (grip strength, walking speed, and the Short Physical Performance Battery) will be tested in a clinic sub-cohort (n = 603). CONCLUSION Results from this ancillary study will determine whether supplemental cocoa extract slows age-related declines in physical performance and decrease injurious and recurrent falls and fall-related injuries and fractures that are major public health problems in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl S LeBoff
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
| | - Sharon H Chou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kristin A Ratliff
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Nancy R Cook
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Allison Clar
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Beth Holman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Trisha Copeland
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Doug C Smith
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Pamela M Rist
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Carolyn J Crandall
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Effect of Green Tea on the Level of Salivary Interleukin-1 Beta in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:8992313. [PMID: 35706460 PMCID: PMC9192211 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8992313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is one of the major biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in salivary IL-1β concentration in patients with chronic periodontitis following daily consumption of green tea. Methods and Materials Thirty patients with an average age of 45.8 years suffering from chronic periodontitis were randomly assigned into 2 groups (i.e., experimental and control groups). Besides receiving phase 1 periodontal treatment (scaling and root planning (SRP)), the experimental group drank green tea for a period of 6 weeks. To measure the concentration of salivary IL-1β, saliva samples were taken from both groups at 2 time points, i.e., prior to SRP (time point 1 (T0)) and after 6 weeks (time point 2 (T1)). The nonparametric Wilcoxon test was used to examine and compare the changes in the concentration of salivary IL-1β in each group relevant to the 2 time points (T0 and T1). Data were submitted to statistical analysis. Results At the end of the study period, a significant reduction (P=0.0001) in the concentration of salivary IL-1β was observed in the experimental group (A). As for the control group (B), however, there was no significant change (P=0.307) in the concentration of salivary IL-1β after 6 weeks following phase 1 periodontal treatment. Conclusion Green tea supplementation, in addition to SRP, may reduce salivary IL-1β levels in patients with chronic periodontitis for a period of 6 weeks.
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Huang HT, Cheng TL, Lin SY, Ho CJ, Chyu JY, Yang RS, Chen CH, Shen CL. Osteoprotective Roles of Green Tea Catechins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1136. [PMID: 33207822 PMCID: PMC7696448 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the second most common disease only secondary to cardiovascular disease, with the risk of fracture increasing with age. Osteoporosis is caused by an imbalance between osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis processes. Osteoclastogenesis may be enhanced, osteoblastogenesis may be reduced, or both may be evident. Inflammation and high reactive oxygen enhance osteoclastogenesis while reducing osteoblastogenesis by inducing osteoblast apoptosis and suppressing osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation. Catechins, the main polyphenols found in green tea with potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, can counteract the deleterious effects of the imbalance of osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis caused by osteoporosis. Green tea catechins can attenuate osteoclastogenesis by enhancing apoptosis of osteoclasts, hampering osteoclastogenesis, and prohibiting bone resorption in vitro. Catechin effects can be directly exerted on pre-osteoclasts/osteoclasts or indirectly exerted via the modulation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)/stromal cell regulation of pre-osteoclasts through activation of the nuclear factor kB (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system. Catechins also can enhance osteoblastogenesis by enhancing osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and increasing osteoblastic survival, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. The in vitro effects of catechins on osteogenesis have been confirmed in several animal models, as well as in epidemiological observational studies on human subjects. Even though randomized control trials have not shown that catechins provide anti-fracture efficacy, safety data in the trials are promising. A large-scale, placebo-controlled, long-term randomized trial with a tea regimen intervention of optimal duration is required to determine anti-fracture efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Ti Huang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (H.-T.H.); (T.-L.C.); (S.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Departments of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Cheng
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (H.-T.H.); (T.-L.C.); (S.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.)
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Yen Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (H.-T.H.); (T.-L.C.); (S.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Departments of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jung Ho
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (H.-T.H.); (T.-L.C.); (S.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Departments of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
| | - Joanna Y. Chyu
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Rong-Sen Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100229, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Hwan Chen
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan; (H.-T.H.); (T.-L.C.); (S.-Y.L.); (C.-J.H.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Departments of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80701, Taiwan
| | - Chwan-Li Shen
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Center of Excellence for Integrative Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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Elmassry MM, Chung E, Cao JJ, Hamood AN, Shen CL. Osteoprotective effect of green tea polyphenols and annatto-extracted tocotrienol in obese mice is associated with enhanced microbiome vitamin K 2 biosynthetic pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 86:108492. [PMID: 32920088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of the gut microbiome in bone health has received significant attention in the past decade. We investigated the effects of green tea polyphenols (GTP) and annatto-extracted tocotrienols (AT) on bone properties and gut microbiome in obese mice. Male mice were assigned to a two (no AT vs. 400 mg/kg diet AT) × two (no GTP vs. 0.5% w/v GTP) factorial design, namely control, G, T, and G+T group respectively, for 14 weeks. The 4th lumbar vertebra (LV-4) and femur were harvested for bone microstructural analysis using μ-CT. Microbiome analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of cecal feces was performed. AT increased bone volume at distal femur. GTP increased serum procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide concentration, bone volume at the distal femur and the LV-4, and trabecular number at distal femur; whereas GTP decreased trabecular separation at distal femur. Interactions between GTP and AT were observed in serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen level (control>G=T=G+T) as well as the cortical bone area (control<G=T=G+T) and thickness (T≥G+T≥G≥control) at femur mid-diaphysis. Redundancy analysis showed a significant difference in the gut microbiome profile among different groups and the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, Clostridum saccharogumia, and Subdoligranulum variabile was increased in the GTP- and AT-supplemented groups. Functional profiling of the gut microbiome showed the combination of GTP and AT induced biosynthetic pathways for vitamin K2. Our results suggest that GTP and AT supplementation benefits bone properties in obese mice through modifying gut microbiome composition and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moamen M Elmassry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409.
| | - Eunhee Chung
- Department of Kinesiology, Health, and Nutrition, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249.
| | - Jay J Cao
- USDA ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203.
| | - Abdul N Hamood
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430; Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430.
| | - Chwan-Li Shen
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430; Center of Excellence for Integrative Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409.
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Antimicrobial Activity and the Effect of Green Tea Experimental Gels on Teeth Surfaces. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10060537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among esthetic procedures, teeth whitening is a common and often used treatment for patients who seek good teeth appearance. We developed an experimental green tea extract and an experimental green tea gel for enamel restoring treatment after bleaching. We also tested the antibacterial and antifungal effect of the experimental extract against specific endodontic and cariogenic microorganisms. The green tea extract antibacterial action was determined by the disk-diffusion method using Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (ATCC27337), Corynebacterium xerosis (ATCC 373), Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) strains. Enamel microstructure was investigated by SEM analysis, and surface details were revealed by AFM. The inhibition zones around the wells showed evident antimicrobial activity of the experimental extract. In the presence of Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), the extract showed no antifungal activity. The enamel’s surface roughness and hydroxyapatite prism aspects were the parameters followed throughout the study. The experimental green tea extract is efficient against some microorganisms commonly found in the oral cavity. However, the studied extract had no antifungal effect. The results show that after bleaching with the experimental gel, we obtained the best surface parameters, similar to healthy enamel.
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Drinking green tea alleviates alveolar bone resorption in ligature-induced periodontitis in mice. J Oral Biosci 2020; 62:162-168. [PMID: 32437962 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been reported that green tea exerts antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of drinking green tea on bone resorption in ligature-induced periodontitis in mice. METHODS Sixty C57BL/6 eight-week-old male mice were used. To induce periodontitis, a ligature was placed for 7 days around the upper left second maxillary molar. After ligature removal, the animals were administered different concentrations of green tea (1.5 g/60 mL, 3 g/60 mL, or 6 g/60 mL) or distilled water. At 1 and 2 weeks of administration, the animals were sacrificed and micro-CT images of the maxillae were taken. Next, the depth and area of alveolar bone loss in the buccal and palatal sides were measured. The number of inflammatory cells and osteoclasts in histological sections were counted. RESULTS The result showed ligature-induced alveolar bone loss. Green tea inhibited ligature-induced bone loss in the buccal side in a dose-dependent manner. Histologically, ligature increased the number of inflammatory cells and osteoclasts, but this effect was alleviated by green tea. CONCLUSIONS Evidence from this animal experiment suggested that drinking green tea would be potentially beneficial to reduce alveolar bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis.
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Experimental Study on the Influence of Apigenin K and Melatonin in Socket Preservation as Bone Stimulators: An Experimental Study in Beagle Dogs. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10093006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim is to evaluate whether apigenin K and melatonin M5250 were able to stimulate bone formation after tooth extraction at one, two, and three months follow-up. Six male beagle dogs were used. Apigenin K and melatonin M5250 immersed in hemostatic collagen sponges were placed in the third and fourth premolar and the first molar extracted sockets; the second premolar was used as control. At one, two, and three months, bone core biopsies were performed, and picrosirius–hematoxylin was used for the staining process. In the first month, a higher amount of calcified bone tissue was observed in the melatonin (77.87% ± 1.2%) and apigenin K (69.81% ± 1.8%) groups than the control group (57.27% ± 0.54%), with apparent discrepancies in values between the three groups (p < 0.04). In the second month, there was a considerable improvement in the results in the areas with melatonin (79.81% ± 0.11%) than in those of apigenin K (71.65% ± 0.52%) and control (64.77% ± 0.44%) (p < 0.04). In the third month, the number of mature bone was similar to all the groups. The creation of new bone was significant in the melatonin group (82.78% ± 0.87%), followed by the apigenin K group (78.76% ± 0.43%) and the control group (57.27% ± 0.11%). From this experimental study in dogs, it can be concluded that melatonin and apigenin K can accelerate the process of mineralization of the bone matrix, and thus the creation of laminae in the early stages of healing (1 month). Less reabsorption of the post-extraction sockets can be expected with the topical application of melatonin and apigenin K. It seems that the stimulatory effects of bone healing induced by the topical application of melatonin and apigenin K are defect-size-dependent, being more evident in small defects compared to larger defects.
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Torre E, Iviglia G, Cassinelli C, Morra M, Russo N. Polyphenols from grape pomace induce osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1721-1734. [PMID: 32236566 PMCID: PMC7169659 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are increasingly investigated for the treatment of periodontitis and research on their use in dental biomaterials is currently being conducted. Grape pomace extracts are a rich source of polyphenols. In the present study, the polyphenols of two different types of grape pomace were characterized and identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector, and the effect of polyphenol-rich grape pomace extracts on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) osteogenic differentiation was investigated. Solid-liquid extraction was used to recover polyphenols from red and white grape pomace. The two extracts have been characterized through the phenolic content and antioxidant power. Human MSCs (hMSCs) from the bone marrow were cultured both with and without given amounts (10 or 20 µg/ml) of the obtained pomace extracts. Their effects on cell differentiation were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, compared with relevant controls. Results showed that both pomace extracts, albeit different in phenolic composition and concentration, induced multiple effects on hMSC gene expression, such as a decreased receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand/osteoprotegerin ratio and an enhanced expression of genes involved in osteoblast differentiation, thus suggesting a shift of hMSCs towards osteoblast differentiation. The obtained results provided data in favor of the exploitation of polyphenol properties from grape pomace extracts as complementary active molecules for dental materials and devices for bone regeneration in periodontal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Torre
- Nobil Bio Ricerche srl, I‑14037 Portacomaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Morra
- Nobil Bio Ricerche srl, I‑14037 Portacomaro, Italy
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12
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Messer JG, La S, Kipp DE, Castillo EJ, Yarrow JF, Jorgensen M, Wnek RD, Kimmel DB, Aguirre JI. Diet-induced Generalized Periodontitis in Lewis Rats. Comp Med 2019; 69:384-400. [PMID: 31575381 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an important public health concern worldwide. Because rodents from the genus Rattus are resistant to spontaneous periodontitis, experimental periodontitis must be initiated by mechanical procedures and interventions. Due to their exacerbated Th1 response and imbalanced Th17 regulatory T-cell responses, Lewis rats are highly susceptible to inducible inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We hypothesized that feeding Lewis rats a diet high in sucrose and casein (HSC) would alter the oral microenvironment and induce inflammation and the development of periodontitis lesions without mechanical intervention. A baseline group (BSL, n = 8) was euthanized at age 6 wk. Beginning at 6 wk of age, 2 groups of Lewis rats were fed standard (STD, n = 12) or HSC (n = 20) chow and euthanized at 29 wk of age. We evaluated the degree of periodontitis through histology and μCT of maxillae and mandibles. The HSC-induced inflammatory response of periodontal tissues was assessed by using immunohistochemistry. Gene expression analysis of inflammatory cytokines associated with Th1 and Th17 responses, innate immunity cytokines, and tissue damage in response to bacteria were assessed also. The potential systemic effects of HSC diet were evaluated by assessing body composition and bone densitometry endpoints; serum leptin and insulin concentrations; and gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in the liver. Placing Lewis rats on HSC diet for 24 wk induced a host Th1-immune response in periodontal tissues and mild to moderate, generalized periodontitis characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration (predominantly T cells and macrophages), osteoclast resorption of alveolar bone, and hyperplasia and migration of the gingival epithelium. HSC-fed Lewis rats developed periodontitis without mechanical intervention in the oral cavity and in the absence of any noteworthy metabolic abnormalities. Consequently, the rat model we described here may be a promising approach for modeling mild to moderate periodontitis that is similar in presentation to the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Messer
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Stephanie La
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Deborah E Kipp
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Evelyn J Castillo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Joshua F Yarrow
- Department of Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida-South Georgia Veteran Health System, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Marda Jorgensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Russell D Wnek
- Department of Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida-South Georgia Veteran Health System, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Donald B Kimmel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - José Ignacio Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;,
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13
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Lee HA, Song YR, Park MH, Chung HY, Na HS, Chung J. Catechin ameliorates Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced inflammation via the regulation of TLR2/4 and inflammasome signaling. J Periodontol 2019; 91:661-670. [PMID: 31473995 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major periodontopathogen found in patients with chronic periodontitis that can lead to alveolar bone or tooth loss. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a proinflammatory cytokine, is most relevant to the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Catechin is one of the main polyphenol compounds found in green tea and possesses a range of health benefits. This study examined the anti-inflammatory effects of catechin in THP-1-derived macrophages infected with P. gingivalis as well as its effects on P. gingivalis-induced periodontitis in a mouse model. METHODS The cytokine levels and relevant protein expression in THP-1 cells were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis, respectively. An apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) pyroptosome formation was measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Micro-computed tomography was used to determine the level of bone loss induced by a P. gingivalis oral infection. RESULTS Catechin attenuated the production of IL-1β by inhibiting pro-IL-1β expression via the downregulation of nuclear factor-κB, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Toll-like receptor signaling. In addition, catechin inhibited the activation of inflammasomes induced by P. gingivalis, but did not affect the growth of P. gingivalis. Catechin reduced the level of alveolar bone loss in a P. gingivalis-induced periodontitis mouse model. CONCLUSION Catechin possesses anti-inflammatory properties by reducing the level of IL-1β production, suggesting that it can potentially be used for the prevention and treatment of periodontal inflammation caused by P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ah Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yu Ri Song
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.,Oral Genomics Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.,Oral Genomics Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hae-Young Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hee Sam Na
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.,Oral Genomics Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jin Chung
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.,Oral Genomics Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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de Almeida JM, Marques BM, Novaes VCN, de Oliveira FLP, Matheus HR, Fiorin LG, Ervolino E. Influence of adjuvant therapy with green tea extract in the treatment of experimental periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 102:65-73. [PMID: 30974379 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study evaluated the effects of topical green tea extract solution (GTE) as adjuvant therapy to mechanical debridement for the treatment of experimental periodontitis (EP). MATERIAL AND METHODS We used 120 male rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus - Wistar), divided into the following four groups: NEP (sham) (n = 30): no experimental periodontitis (NEP), only simulation of EP by installation and removal of a ligature; EP (n = 30): EP induction by ligature; SRP (n = 30): EP, scaling and root planing (SRP), and irrigation with physiological saline solution; SRP/GT (n = 30): EP, SRP, and irrigation with GTE. Histologic analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed for detection of interleukin (IL)1ß, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-10, and anti-tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in the furcation area. The percentage of bone in the furcation (PBF) was considered the primary variable and evaluated at 14, 22, and 37 days. The data from the histological analysis and the IL- 1B, TNF- A, and IL-10 were submitted to a Kruskal-Wallis variance test and Dunn's posttest (p ≤ 0.05). The histometric data and TRAP were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's posttest (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS The SRP/GT group showed lower inflammatory process, lower immunolabeling pattern of IL-1ß and TNF-α, and greater immunolabeling pattern of IL-10 compared with the EP and SRP groups at 22 days. Fewer TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts were observed in all periods in the SRP/GT group (5.22 ± 0.65; 7.33 ± 0.80; 8.55 ± 1.15) compared with the SRP group (30.67 ± 8.55; 13.22 ± 0.77; 13.87 ± 0.77). Higher PBF was observed in all periods in the SRP/GT group (74.65 ± 7.14; 76.61 ± 5.36; 79.24 ± 3.75) compared with the SRP group (61.60 ± 9.48; 54.84 ± 9.06; 53.25 ± 9.66). CONCLUSION GTE adjuvant to SRP reduced inflammation, osteoclastic activity, and alveolar bone loss in EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Milanezi de Almeida
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic - Periodontics Division, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bianca Mayara Marques
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic - Periodontics Division, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Vivian Cristina Noronha Novaes
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic - Periodontics Division, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fred Lucas Pinto de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic - Periodontics Division, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Rinaldi Matheus
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic - Periodontics Division, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Fiorin
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic - Periodontics Division, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Basic Science - Histology Division, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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Gugliandolo E, Fusco R, D'Amico R, Peditto M, Oteri G, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S, Navarra M. Treatment With a Flavonoid-Rich Fraction of Bergamot Juice Improved Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Periodontitis in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1563. [PMID: 30705631 PMCID: PMC6345201 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In this study, we investigated the effects of a flavonoid-rich fraction of Bergamot juice (BJe) in rats subjected to experimental periodontitis induced by a single intragingival injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Main Methods: Periodontitis was induced by a single intragingival injection of 1 μl LPS (10 μg/μl) derived from Salmonella typhimurium in sterile saline solution. The injection was made in the mesolateral side at the interdental papilla between the first and the second molar. Fourteen days after LPS injection, we performed radiographic analyses and then we surgically removed the gingivomucosal tissue surrounding the mandibular first molar for histological, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis. Results: LPS significantly induced oedema, tissue damage and increased neutrophil infiltration. At molecular level, we found increased NF-κB translocation as well as raised both TNF-α and IL-1β expression, other than modulation of apoptosis-associated proteins. Moreover, the increased myeloperoxidase activity was associated with up-regulation of adhesion molecules. Immunohistochemical analysis for nitrotyrosine and poly ADP-ribose displayed an intense staining in the gingivomucosal tissue. Oral administration of BJe for 14 consecutive days reduced tissue injury and several markers of gingival inflammation including nuclear NF-κB translocation, cytokines expression, myeloperoxidase activity and the expression of some adhesion molecules such as ICAM and P-selectin. BJe also decreased both nitrosative stress and PARP positive staining. Moreover, it caused down-regulation of Bax and up-regulation of Bcl-2 expression. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that BJe improves LPS-induced periodontitis in rats by reducing the typical markers of inflammation, thus suggesting its potential in the treatment of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Matteo Peditto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Oteri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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16
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Fernández-Rojas B, Gutiérrez-Venegas G. Flavonoids exert multiple periodontic benefits including anti-inflammatory, periodontal ligament-supporting, and alveolar bone-preserving effects. Life Sci 2018; 209:435-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Wada-Mihara C, Seto H, Ohba H, Tokunaga K, Kido JI, Nagata T, Naruishi K. Local administration of calcitonin inhibits alveolar bone loss in an experimental periodontitis in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:765-770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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18
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Chen L, Teng H, Jia Z, Battino M, Miron A, Yu Z, Cao H, Xiao J. Intracellular signaling pathways of inflammation modulated by dietary flavonoids: The most recent evidence. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2908-2924. [PMID: 28682647 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1345853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Teng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen Jia
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Center for Nutrition & Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Santander, Spain and Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Universitr Nutrition & Health, Universidad Europea
| | - Anca Miron
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania
| | - Zhiling Yu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
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19
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Torre E. Molecular signaling mechanisms behind polyphenol-induced bone anabolism. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2017; 16:1183-1226. [PMID: 29200988 PMCID: PMC5696504 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-017-9529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
For millennia, in the different cultures all over the world, plants have been extensively used as a source of therapeutic agents with wide-ranging medicinal applications, thus becoming part of a rational clinical and pharmacological investigation over the years. As bioactive molecules, plant-derived polyphenols have been demonstrated to exert many effects on human health by acting on different biological systems, thus their therapeutic potential would represent a novel approach on which natural product-based drug discovery and development could be based in the future. Many reports have provided evidence for the benefits derived from the dietary supplementation of polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Polyphenols are able to protect the bone, thanks to their antioxidant properties, as well as their anti-inflammatory actions by involving diverse signaling pathways, thus leading to bone anabolic effects and decreased bone resorption. This review is meant to summarize the research works performed so far, by elucidating the molecular mechanisms of action of polyphenols in a bone regeneration context, aiming at a better understanding of a possible application in the development of medical devices for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Torre
- Nobil Bio Ricerche srl, Via Valcastellana, 26, 14037 Portacomaro, AT Italy
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20
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Kostić M, Kitić D, Petrović MB, Jevtović-Stoimenov T, Jović M, Petrović A, Živanović S. Anti-inflammatory effect of the Salvia sclarea L. ethanolic extract on lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontitis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 199:52-59. [PMID: 28093319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia sclarea L., clary, is an aromatic plant traditionally used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases and conditions. Although it has been primarily used as a stomachic, there are data on traditional use of S. sclarea as an agent against gingivitis, stomatitis and aphthae. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to examine the effect of the S. sclarea ethanolic extract on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced periodontitis in rats from the immunological and histopathological standpoint. MATERIAL AND METHODS Periodontal inflammation in rats was induced by repeated injections of LPS from Escherichia coli into the interdental papilla between the first and second right maxillary molars. The extract was administered two times a day by oral gavage (200mg/kg body weight). The inflammatory status was assessed by the measurements of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) of gingival tissues and descriptive analysis of histological sections of periodontium. Chemical characterization of the extract was determined using high performance liquid chromatography system (HPLC). Antioxidant activity of the extract was estimated with two in vitro complementary methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and β-carotene/linoleic acid models. RESULTS Treatment with S. sclarea extract, compared to the untreated group of the rats, significantly diminished the process of inflammation decreasing the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, reducing the gingival tissue lesions and preserving bone alveolar resorption. Considerably smaller number of inflammatory cells and larger number of fibroblasts was noticed. The administration of the extract three days earlier did not have significant preventive effects. Rosmarinic acid was the predominant compound in the extract. The extract showed strong antioxidant effects in both test systems. CONCLUSIONS S. sclarea extract manifested anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-induced periodontitis suggesting that it may have a role as a therapeutic agent in periodontal diseases. Having in mind that overproduction of reactive oxygen species is connected to periodontitis, the strong antioxidant capacity may be contributable to anti-inflammatory properties of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Kostić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd Dr Zorana Ðinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Dušanka Kitić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd Dr Zorana Ðinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
| | - Milica B Petrović
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd Dr Zorana Ðinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Jevtović-Stoimenov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd Dr Zorana Ðinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Marko Jović
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd Dr Zorana Ðinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Petrović
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd Dr Zorana Ðinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Slavoljub Živanović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Blvd Dr Zorana Ðinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
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Singhal K, Raj N, Gupta K, Singh S. Probable benefits of green tea with genetic implications. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2017; 21:107-114. [PMID: 28479696 PMCID: PMC5406788 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.203758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea is produced from the Camellia sinensis plant and can generally be divided into categories based on how they are processed. In general, green tea that is unfermented C. sinensis has been considered superior to black tea in health benefits. It contains a unique set of catechins that possess biological activity as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative, which is potentially significant to the prevention and treatment of various forms of diseases. Oral cavity oxidative stress and inflammation, consequent cigarettes due to nicotine and acrolein, may be reduced in the presence of green tea polyphenols. In addition, green tea polyphenols can close down halitosis through modification of odorant sulfur components. Usually, green tea defends healthy cells from malignant transformation and locally has the ability to induce apoptosis in oral cancer cells. In unison, there is an increasing implication in the health benefits of green tea in the field of oral health. This review will cover recent findings on the therapeutic properties and anticancer health benefits of green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Singhal
- Department of Oral Pathology, Career Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neerja Raj
- Department of Prosthodontics, Career Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khushboo Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Malaysia
| | - Saurabh Singh
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Malaysia
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Lee SY, Nho TH, Choi BD, Jeong SJ, Lim DS, Jeong MJ. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor reduces inflammation and alveolar bone resorption in LPS-induced periodontitis in rats and in MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2016.1250817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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23
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Aguirre JI, Akhter MP, Neuville KG, Trcalek CR, Leeper AM, Williams AA, Rivera M, Kesavalu L, Ke HZ, Liu M, Kimmel DB. Age-related periodontitis and alveolar bone loss in rice rats. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 73:193-205. [PMID: 27771588 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize in rice rats: (a) periodontitis (PD) progress with feeding of standard laboratory rat chow (STD) during ages 4-80 weeks; and (b) PD progress with feeding of a high sucrose-casein (H-SC) diet during young adulthood. METHODS One group (N=12) was euthanized at age 4 weeks (Baseline). Four groups (N=8-16) consumed a STD diet from baseline and were necropsied at ages 22, 30, 52, and 80 weeks. Three groups (N=10-16) consumed an H-SC diet from baseline. Two were necropsied at ages 22 and 30 weeks, respectively. The third switched to the STD diet at age 22 weeks and was necropsied at age 30 weeks. All mandibles/maxillae were assessed by histometry for degree of periodontal inflammation (PD Score), alveolar crest height (ACH, mm), and horizontal alveolar bone height (hABH, mm2). RESULTS In STD diet rats aged ≥30 weeks, all endpoints were worse (P<0.05) than at Baseline. In H-SC diet rats aged ≥22 weeks, all endpoints were worse than at Baseline (P<0.05). At age 22 weeks, all endpoints were worse in the H-SC group than in the STD group (P<0.05). By age 30 weeks, the STD and H-SC groups did not differ. CONCLUSIONS 1) STD diet fed rice rats develop moderate/severe PD by age 30 weeks; 2) an H-SC diet accelerates moderate/severe PD development; and 3) switching to a STD diet does not halt/reverse PD that was accelerated by an H-SC diet. These data further clarify use of the rice rat as a PD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - M P Akhter
- Osteoporosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68131, United States.
| | - K G Neuville
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - C R Trcalek
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - A M Leeper
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - A A Williams
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - M Rivera
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, UF, United States.
| | - L Kesavalu
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, UF, United States; Bone Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States.
| | - H Z Ke
- Bone Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States.
| | - M Liu
- Bone Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States.
| | - D B Kimmel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
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Shen CL, Chyu MC. Tea flavonoids for bone health: from animals to humans. J Investig Med 2016; 64:1151-7. [PMID: 27356546 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by a deterioration of bone mass and bone quality that predisposes an individual to a higher risk of fragility fractures. Emerging evidence has shown that the risk for low bone mass and osteoporosis-related fractures can be reduced by nutritional approaches aiming to improve bone microstructure, bone mineral density, and strength. Tea and its flavonoids, especially those of black tea and green tea, have been suggested to protect against bone loss and to reduce risk of fracture, due to tea's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Based on the results of animal studies, moderate intake of tea has shown to benefit bone health as shown by mitigation of bone loss and microstructural deterioration as well as improvement of bone strength and quality. Epidemiological studies have reported positive, insignificant, and negative impacts on bone mineral density at multiple skeletal sites and risk of fracture in humans with habitual tea consumption. There are limited human clinical trials that objectively and quantitatively assessed tea consumption and bone efficacy using validated outcome measures in a population at high risk for osteoporosis, along with safety monitoring approach. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of laboratory animal research, epidemiological observational studies, and clinical trials assessing the skeletal effects of tea and its active flavonoids, along with discussion of relevant future directions in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chwan-Li Shen
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Ming-Chien Chyu
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA Graduate Healthcare Engineering Option, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Calvo-Guirado JL, López-López PJ, Domínguez MF, Gosálvez MM, Prados-Frutos JC, Gehrke SA. Retracted: Histologic evaluation of new bone in post-extraction sockets induced by melatonin and apigenin: an experimental study in American fox hound dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res 2016; 29:1176. [PMID: 27191920 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical applications of melatonin and apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone) on new bone formation in post-extraction sockets after 30, 60 and 90 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six American fox hounds were used in the study, extracting mandibular premolars (P2, P3 and P4) and first molar (M1). Melatonin or apigenin impregnated in collagen sponges were applied at P3, P4 and M1 sites in both hemimandibles; P2 sites were used as control sites. Bone biopsies were taken at 30, 60 and 90 days and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. RESULTS At 30 days, a higher percentage of immature bone was observed in the control group (58.11 ± 1.76%) than in the apigenin (34.11 ± 1.02%) and melatonin groups (24.9 ± 0.14%) with significant differences between the three groups (P < 0.05). At 60 days, results were significantly better at melatonin sites (10.34 ± 1.09%) than apigenin (19.22 ± 0.35%) and control sites (36.7 ± 1.11%) (P < 0.05). At 90 days, immature bone percentages were similar for all groups. New bone formation was higher in melatonin group (79.56 ± 1.9%) than apigenin (68.89 ± 1.5%) and control group (58.87 ± 0.12%). CONCLUSIONS Topical applications of either melatonin or apigenin have a potential to accelerate bone tissue in early healing stages; melatonin was seen to have stimulated bone maturation to a greater extent at the 60 days of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Calvo-Guirado
- Dentistry, International Dentistry Research Cathedra, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Patricia J López-López
- International Dentistry Research Cathedra, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Maiquez Gosálvez
- International Dentistry Research Cathedra, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Sergio Alexandre Gehrke
- Biotecnos, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
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Deepak V, Kasonga A, Kruger MC, Coetzee M. Carvacrol Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Negatively Regulates the Survival of Mature Osteoclasts. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:1150-8. [PMID: 27170515 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue that undergoes continuous remodeling coupled with the action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Osteoclast activity is elevated during osteoporosis and periodontitis resulting in excessive loss of trabecular and alveolar bone. Osteoclasts are formed in an inflammatory response to cytokine production receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) and bacterial challenge lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Carvacrol, a monoterpenic phenol present in Origanum vulgare and Thymus vulgaris, is a natural compound with known medicinal properties. We investigated the effects of carvacrol on osteoclast formation induced by RANKL and LPS. Carvacrol suppressed RANKL-induced formation of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells in RAW264.7 macrophages and human CD14(+) monocytes. Furthermore, carvacrol inhibited LPS-induced osteoclast formation in RAW264.7 macrophages. Investigation of the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that carvacrol downregulated RANKL-induced NF-κB activation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the suppression of NF-κB activation correlated with inhibition of inhibitor of kappaB (IκB) kinase (IKK) activation and attenuation of inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBa) degradation. Carvacrol potentiated apoptosis in mature osteoclasts by caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, carvacrol did not affect the viability of proliferating MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that carvacrol mitigates osteoclastogenesis by impairing the NF-κB pathway and induction of apoptosis in mature osteoclasts.
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Fournier-Larente J, Morin MP, Grenier D. Green tea catechins potentiate the effect of antibiotics and modulate adherence and gene expression in Porphyromonas gingivalis. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 65:35-43. [PMID: 26849416 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A number of studies have brought evidence that green tea catechins may contribute to periodontal health. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of a green tea extract and its principal constituent epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to potentiate the antibacterial effects of antibiotics (metronidazole, tetracycline) against Porphyromonas gingivalis, and to modulate the adherence to oral epithelial cells and expression of genes coding for virulence factors and the high temperature requirement A (HtrA) stress protein in P. gingivalis. METHODS A broth microdilution assay was used to determine the antibacterial activity of the green tea extract and EGCG. The synergistic effects of either compounds in association with metronidazole or tetracycline were evaluated using the checkerboard technique. A fluorescent assay was used to determine bacterial adherence to oral epithelial cells. The modulation of gene expression in P. gingivalis was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. The Vibrio harveyi bioassay was used for monitoring quorum sensing inhibitory activity. RESULTS The MIC values of the green tea extract on P. gingivalis ranged from 250 to 1000 μg/ml, while those of EGCG ranged from 125 to 500 μg/ml. A marked synergistic effect on P. gingivalis growth was observed for the green tea extract or EGCG in combination with metronidazole. Both the green tea extract and EGCG caused a dose-dependent inhibition of P. gingivalis adherence to oral epithelial cells. On the one hand, green tea extract and EGCG dose-dependently inhibited the expression of several P. gingivalis genes involved in host colonization (fimA, hagA, hagB), tissue destruction (rgpA, kgp), and heme acquisition (hem). On the other hand, both compounds increased the expression of the stress protein htrA gene. The ability of the green tea extract and EGCG to inhibit quorum sensing may contribute to the modulation of gene expression. CONCLUSIONS This study explored the preventive and therapeutic potential of green tea catechins against periodontal disease. In addition to inhibit growth and adherence of P. gingivalis, a green tea extract and its main constituent EGCG was found to decrease the expression of genes coding for the major virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Fournier-Larente
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Morin
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
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Cai Y, Chen Z, Liu H, Xuan Y, Wang X, Luan Q. Green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate alleviates Porphyromonas gingivalis -induced periodontitis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:839-845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Gennaro G, Claudino M, Cestari TM, Ceolin D, Germino P, Garlet GP, de Assis GF. Green Tea Modulates Cytokine Expression in the Periodontium and Attenuates Alveolar Bone Resorption in Type 1 Diabetic Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134784. [PMID: 26270535 PMCID: PMC4535908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Diabetes mellitus comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders with the main feature of hyperglycemia. Chronic hyperglycemia increases the severity of periodontal disease via an exacerbated inflammatory response, activated by advanced glycation end products and their receptor, RAGE. Therefore, anti-inflammatory agents represent potential inhibitors of this pathological interaction. In particular, green tea has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties mediated by its polyphenol content. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the mechanisms by which green tea attenuates the spontaneous onset of diabetes-induced periodontitis. METHODS Diabetes was induced in rats via a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic and control animals were divided into water-treated and green tea-treated subgroups and were analyzed at 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after diabetes induction. Immunohistochemistry was performed to quantitatively evaluate tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2) expression in serial sections of each hemimaxilla. Morphometric measurements of the distance from the cementum-enamel junction (CEJ) of the superior distal root of the first molar to the alveolar bone crest (ABC) were performed to assess bone loss. RESULTS Diabetes resulted in significant bone loss and alterations in the number of cells that stained positive for inflammatory mediators. In the diabetic rats treated with green tea, we observed a decreased number of cells expressing RANKL and TNF-α compared with that observed in the diabetic rats treated with water. Additionally, green tea increased the numbers of cells that stained positive for OPG, RUNX-2 and IL-10 in the diabetic rats. CONCLUSION Green tea intake reduces expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and the osteoclastogenic mediator RANKL to normal levels while increasing expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, the osteogenesis-related factor RUNX-2 and the anti-osteoclastogenic factor OPG. Therefore, green tea represents a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes-related periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gennaro
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcela Claudino
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Mary Cestari
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele Ceolin
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Germino
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerson Francisco de Assis
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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Non-Nutrient, Naturally Occurring Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant Activity for the Prevention and Treatment of Periodontal Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:447-81. [PMID: 26783837 PMCID: PMC4665427 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main factors able to explain the pathophysiological mechanism of inflammatory conditions that occur in periodontal disease is oxidative stress. Given the emerging understanding of this relationship, host-modulatory therapies using antioxidants could be interesting to prevent or slow the breakdown of soft and hard periodontal tissues. In this context, non-nutrient phenolic compounds of various foods and plants have received considerable attention in the last decade. Here, studies focusing on the relationship between different compounds of this type with periodontal disease have been collected. Among them, thymoquinone, coenzyme Q (CoQ), mangiferin, resveratrol, verbascoside and some flavonoids have shown to prevent or ameliorate periodontal tissues damage in animal models. However evidence regarding this effect in humans is poor and only limited to topical treatments with CoQ and catechins. Along with animal experiments, in vitro studies indicate that possible mechanisms by which these compounds might exert their protective effects include antioxidative properties, oxygen and nitrogen scavenging abilities, and also inhibitory effects on cell signaling cascades related to inflammatory processes which have an effect on RNS or ROS production as well as on antioxidant defense systems.
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Boloor VA, Hosadurga R, Rao A, Jenifer H, Pratap S. Unconventional dentistry in India - an insight into the traditional methods. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 4:153-8. [PMID: 25161919 PMCID: PMC4142452 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.130951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconventional medicine (UM) has been known and practised since the recorded history of civilization. Some unconventional practices may be viewed as “the continuity of traditions, religious beliefs, and even quackery that non-specialists practice.” These practices have been associated with religious beliefs and the spiritual domain as well as with the physical domain. In ancient Old World civilizations, UM was performed by skilled experts or wise men; in today's Western civilization, practitioners may or may not be licensed, and some are charlatans. Dentistry, like medicine, is a traditional, science-based, highly regulated healthcare profession that serves increasingly sophisticated and demanding clients. Today, traditional dental practice is dealing with an array of challenges to the established professional system; these challenges are generally termed “alternative” (or complementary, unconventional, or integrative). Genuine alternatives are comparable methods of equal value that have met scientific and regulatory criteria for safety and effectiveness. Because “alternative care” has become politicized and is often a misnomer – referring to practices that are not alternative to, complementary to, or integrating with conventional health care – the more accurate term “unconventional” is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Ashutosh Boloor
- Department of Periodontics, Yenepoya Dental College, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajesh Hosadurga
- Department of Periodontics, Yenepoya Dental College, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anupama Rao
- Department of Periodontics, Yenepoya Dental College, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Haziel Jenifer
- Department of Periodontics, Yenepoya Dental College, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sruthy Pratap
- Department of Periodontics, Yenepoya Dental College, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Wen WC, Kuo PJ, Chiang CY, Chin YT, Fu MM, Fu E. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate AttenuatesPorphyromonas gingivalisLipopolysaccharide-Enhanced Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Production Through Inhibition of Interleukin-6 in Gingival Fibroblasts. J Periodontol 2014; 85:868-75. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.120714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Vester H, Holzer N, Neumaier M, Lilianna S, Nüssler AK, Seeliger C. Green Tea Extract (GTE) improves differentiation in human osteoblasts during oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2014; 11:15. [PMID: 24904236 PMCID: PMC4045989 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-11-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of bone diseases such as osteoporosis, which has a high coincidence with fractures in elderly. Several studies showed positive effects of herbal bioactive substances on oxidative stress. This study analyses the effect of green tea extract (GTE) Sunphenon 90LB on primary human osteoblasts differentiation and viability during H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, it was analyzed, whether GTE acts during the HO-1 signaling pathway. Methods Human osteoblasts were isolated from femoral heads of patients undergoing total hip replacement. Beneficial effects of GTE on osteoblasts were examined in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, GTE was given before, simultaneous with and after induction of oxidative stress with 1 mM H2O2 to simulate prophylactic, acute and therapeutic use, respectively. Cell damage was measured by LDH leakage and cell viability by MTT assay. Flow cytometry was applied to measure formation of Reactive Oxygen Species by using 2`7`-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate. The formation of Extracellular Matrix after differentiation with GTE supplementation during oxidative stress was visualized with von Kossa and Alizarin Red staining. Last one was additionally photometrically quantified. To assess the effects of H2O2 and GTE on the osteogenic genes, RT-PCR was performed. To evaluate the intramolecular influence of GTE after the stimulation the protein levels of HO-1 were analyzed. Results Stimulation of primary human osteoblasts with low doses of GTE during oxidative stress over 21 days improved mineralization. Furthermore, GTE supplementation in combination with H2O2 leads to a higher gene expression of osteocalcin and collagen1α1 during osteoblasts differentiation. Both are important for bone quality. Pre-incubation, co-incubation and post-incubation of osteoblasts with high doses of GTE protect the osteoblasts against acute oxidative stress as shown by increased cell viability, decreased LDH leakage, and reduced production of intracellular free radicals. Functional analysis revealed an increased HO-1 protein synthesis after stimulation with GTE. Conclusions Incubation of human primary osteoblasts with GTE significantly reduces oxidative stress and improves cell viability. GTE also has a beneficial effect on ECM production which might improve the bone quality. Our findings suggest that dietary supplementation of GTE might reduce inflammatory events in bone-associated diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Vester
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Technical University Munich, MRI, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Holzer
- Department of experimental Trauma Surgery, Technical University Munich, MRI, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Neumaier
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Technical University Munich, MRI, Munich, Germany
| | - Schyschka Lilianna
- Department of experimental Trauma Surgery, Technical University Munich, MRI, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas K Nüssler
- Department of experimental Trauma Surgery, Technical University Munich, MRI, Munich, Germany.,Department of Trauma Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Claudine Seeliger
- Department of experimental Trauma Surgery, Technical University Munich, MRI, Munich, Germany
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Itoh T, Nakamura M, Nakamichi H, Ando M, Tsukamasa Y, Furuichi Y. Regulation of the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts by a hot-water extract of adzuki beans (Vigna angularis). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:92-9. [PMID: 25036490 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.877182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a global public health problem thought to be caused by an imbalance in bone metabolism. We examined in this study the 40% ethanol fraction of HP-20 resin in combination with a hot-water adzuki extract (EtEx.40) for its effect on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. EtEx.40-treated murine preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells exhibited significantly elevated alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization. EtEx.40 facilitated osteoblast differentiation by up-regulating such osteoblast differentiation-related molecules as runt-related transcription factor 2, distal-less homeobox 5, and osterix via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. EtEx.40 also suppressed the formation of large tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells in RAW264.7 cells that had been stimulated with the receptor activator of the nuclear factor κB ligand/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. EtEx.40 significantly inhibited NF-κB activation, thus reducing the expression of such downstream molecules as c-Fos and NFATc1. Our findings suggest that EtEx.40 could be used to maintain bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Itoh
- a Faculty of Agriculture , Kinki University , Nara , Japan
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Mah YJ, Song JS, Kim SO, Lee JH, Jeon M, Jung UW, Moon SJ, Kim JH, Choi HJ. The effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on human alveolar bone cells both in vitro and in vivo. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:539-49. [PMID: 24637009 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major catechin in green tea, on human and mouse osteoblasts remain controversial. This study investigated the direct effects of EGCG on human alveolar bone-derived cells (hABCs) both in vitro and in vivo. DESIGN hABCs which were collected from eight children (aged 7-9 years, seven males and one female) were treated with EGCG at various concentrations (1, 5, 10, 25, and 50μM), and a proliferation assay, flow cytometric analysis for apoptosis evaluation, migration assay, and in vitro osteogenic differentiation were performed. hABCs that were pretreated with 10μM EGCG and mixed with calcium phosphate carrier combined with EGCG (0.1, 0.5, or 1.5mg) in vivo were transplanted into immunodeficient mouse. Histological staining, quantitative gene expressions, and alkaline phosphatase activity were evaluated in the retrieved transplants. RESULTS The proliferation and migration were decreased when EGCG was present at over 25μM. The osteogenic differentiation increased slightly when EGCG was present at up to 10μM, and clearly decreased for higher concentrations of EGCG. In vivo, the potential for hard-tissue formation was slightly higher for the group with 0.1mg of EGCG than for the control group, and decreased sharply for higher concentrations of EGCG. CONCLUSION The present observations suggest that EGCG at a low concentration can slightly enhance the osteogenic effect in vivo, whereas at a higher concentration it can prevent the osteogenic differentiation of hABCs both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yon-Joo Mah
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Seon Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Oh Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijeong Jeon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui-Won Jung
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jun Moon
- Division in Pharmacology, Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Kyung-Hee University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Choi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Zeng X, Tian J, Cai K, Wu X, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Su Y, Cui L. Promoting osteoblast differentiation by the flavanes from Huangshan Maofeng tea is linked to a reduction of oxidative stress. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:217-24. [PMID: 24075209 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence has shown an association between tea consumption and the prevention of bone loss in the elderly. Previous studies indicated that green tea exerted osteoprotective effect in vivo. This study aims to investigate the constituents in Huangshan Maofeng tea and systemically evaluate their antioxidative and osteogenic effects in vitro. Five flavanes, isolated from Huangshan Maofeng tea, showed effects on proliferation of osteoblastic cells and ameliorated H2O2-induced C2C12 mouse myoblast cell apoptosis at 3.125-50 μg/ml. (-)-Epicatechin observably increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and hydroxyproline content. (-)-Epiafzelechin at 25 μg/ml significantly increased the area of mineralized bone nodules. The activities of flavanes in promoting osteblastic proliferation and differentiation are positively correlated with activities in protecting against apoptosis in C2C12 cells. It indicates that anti-osteoporosis effect of these flavanes may be linked to their antioxidative activity. The observed effects of these flavanes suggest that these flavanes may have beneficial effects on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jun Tian
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kangyong Cai
- Analysis Center of Guangdong Medical College, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Shenzhen Xinpeng Shengwu Gongcheng Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yayuan Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanjie Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China.
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Gaur S, Agnihotri R. Green tea: A novel functional food for the oral health of older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 14:238-50. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Gaur
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry; Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University; Manipal India
| | - Rupali Agnihotri
- Department of Periodontology; Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University; Manipal India
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Yoshinaga Y, Ukai T, Nakatsu S, Kuramoto A, Nagano F, Yoshinaga M, Montenegro JL, Shiraishi C, Hara Y. Green tea extract inhibits the onset of periodontal destruction in rat experimental periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:652-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Yoshinaga
- Department of Periodontology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - T. Ukai
- Department of Periodontology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - S. Nakatsu
- Department of Periodontology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - A. Kuramoto
- Department of Periodontology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - F. Nagano
- Department of Periodontology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - M. Yoshinaga
- Department of Periodontology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - J. L. Montenegro
- Department of Periodontology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - C. Shiraishi
- Department of Periodontology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Y. Hara
- Department of Periodontology; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki Japan
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39
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Shin YS, Seo JY, Oh SH, Kim JH, Kim ST, Park YB, Moon HS. The effects of ErhBMP-2-/EGCG-coated BCP bone substitute on dehiscence around dental implants in dogs. Oral Dis 2013; 20:281-7. [PMID: 23651333 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose was to evaluate the effect of Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (ErhBMP-2)-/epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-coated biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and titanium barrier membrane on dehiscence defects in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS In five mongrel dogs, the dehiscence bony defects around dental implants were surgically created and in total three implants were placed at edentulous ridge of which teeth had been extracted 12 weeks before. For the control group, BCP was applied to the dehiscence defect. For experimental groups, ErhBMP-2-coated BCP and ErhBMP-2-/EGCG-coated BCP were applied. The newly designed titanium barrier membrane was used to apply all the defects. The defects were evaluated histologically and histometrically after 12 weeks. The comparative statistics of the groups were obtained through Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS In bone-to-implant contact (BIC), bone density (BD), bone regeneration height (BRH), and bone mineralization apposition rate (BMAR), differences among groups were not found. ErhBMP-2/EGCG group appeared to have higher value. In fluorescence analysis, bone remodeling around graft material was more active in the ErhBMP-2/EGCG group. CONCLUSION Within the limit of this study, it is reasonable to assume that BMP-2-/EGCG-coated biphasic BCP and the newly designed titanium membrane were more beneficial in dehiscence defect healing with increased bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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40
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Cho AR, Kim JH, Lee DE, Lee JS, Jung UW, Bak EJ, Yoo YJ, Chung WG, Choi SH. The effect of orally administered epigallocatechin-3-gallate on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. J Periodontal Res 2013; 48:781-9. [PMID: 23581513 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is known for its beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. Recently, reports have suggested that EGCG plays a pivotal role in regulating cytokine expression and osteoclastic activity. In the present study, we investigated whether orally administered EGCG has a therapeutic effect on ligature-induced periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with EGCG or phosphate-buffered saline. Periodontitis was induced by tying a ligature for 7 d. After removing ligation, EGCG (200 mg/kg) or phosphate-buffered saline was administered via oral gavage on a daily basis. Rats were killed after 1, 2 and 4 wk of administration. Histologic and histomorphometric analyses, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase staining and immunohistochemistry were carried out. RESULTS In the control group, bone loss did not recover even after the causative factor of periodontitis was eliminated. On the other hand, distance from cemento-enamel junction to alveolar bone crest, long junctional epithelium and collagen destruction were reduced in the EGCG group. Decreased interleukin (IL)-6 expression was shown from the early stage of EGCG administration, followed by reduced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) expression at week 4 EGCG group. The CT area showed a higher decrease of IL-6 expression between the control and EGCG group than alveolar bone area. Downregulation of TNF and IL-6 expression led to a decrease in osteoclast number and activity, which resulted in reduced bone loss. CONCLUSIONS Systemic administration of EGCG could have a therapeutic effect on damaged periodontal tissue. Inhibited cytokine expression, including TNF and IL-6 is responsible for the reduction in osteoclast formation, osteoclastic activity and collagen destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-R Cho
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Laine ML, Crielaard W. Functional foods/ingredients and periodontal diseases. Eur J Nutr 2012; 51 Suppl 2:S27-30. [PMID: 22535144 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marja L Laine
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Surathu N, Kurumathur AV. Traditional therapies in the management of periodontal disease in India and China. Periodontol 2000 2011; 56:14-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2010.00369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Green tea and bone health: Evidence from laboratory studies. Pharmacol Res 2011; 64:155-61. [PMID: 21473914 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major health problem in the elderly. Epidemiological evidence has shown an association between tea consumption and the prevention of bone loss in the elderly population. Ingestion of green tea and green tea bioactive compounds may be beneficial in mitigating bone loss of this population and decreasing their risk of osteoporotic fractures. This review describes the effect of green tea with its bioactive components on bone health with an emphasis on the following: (i) the etiology of osteoporosis, (ii) evidence of osteo-protective impacts of green tea on bone mass and microarchitecture in various bone loss models in which induced by aging, sex hormone deficiency, and chronic inflammation, (iii) discussion of impacts of green tea on bone mass in two obesity models, (iv) observation of short-term green tea supplementation given to postmenopausal women with low bone mass, (v) possible mechanisms for the osteo-protective effects of green tea bioactive compounds, and (vi) a summary and future research direction of green tea and bone health.
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Venkateswara B, Sirisha K, Chava VK. Green tea extract for periodontal health. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2011; 15:18-22. [PMID: 21772716 PMCID: PMC3134039 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.82258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea, the commonly consumed beverage, is gaining increased attention in promoting overall health. In specific, green tea is considered a healthful beverage due to the biological activity of its polyphenols namely catechins. Among the polyphenols Epigallo catechin 3 gallate and Epicatechin 3 Gallate are the most predominant catechins. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticollagenase, antimutagenic, and c hemopreventive properties of these catechins proved to be helpful in the treatment of chronic diseases like periodontal disease. Studies have demonstrated that the type of processing mainly effects the concentration of catechins. Several epidemiological studies have proved that green tea also has some general health benefitting properties like antihypertensive, reduction of cardiovascular risk, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activity. The present review concentrates on the effects of green tea in periodontal and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Venkateswara
- Department of Periodontics, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K. Sirisha
- Department of Periodontics, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay K. Chava
- Department of Periodontics, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Supplementation of green tea catechins in dentifrices suppresses gingival oxidative stress and periodontal inflammation. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shen CL, Yeh JK, Cao JJ, Tatum OL, Dagda RY, Wang JS. Synergistic effects of green tea polyphenols and alphacalcidol on chronic inflammation-induced bone loss in female rats. Osteoporos Int 2010; 21:1841-52. [PMID: 20069278 PMCID: PMC2919589 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-009-1122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Studies suggest that green tea polyphenols (GTP) or alphacalcidol is promising agent for preventing bone loss. Findings that GTP supplementation plus alphacalcidol administration increased bone mass via a decrease of oxidative stress and inflammation suggest a significant role of GTP plus alphacalcidol in bone health of patients with chronic inflammation. INTRODUCTION Studies have suggested that green tea polyphenols (GTP) or alphacalcidol are promising dietary supplements for preventing bone loss in women. However, the mechanism(s) related to the possible osteo-protective role of GTP plus D(3) in chronic inflammation-induced bone loss is not well understood. METHODS This study evaluated bioavailability, efficacy, and related mechanisms of GTP in combination with alphacalcidol in conserving bone loss in rats with chronic inflammation. A 12-week study of 2 (no GTP vs. 0.5% GTP in drinking water) × 2 (no alphacalcidol vs. 0.05 μg/kg alphacalcidol, 5×/week) factorial design in lipopolysaccharide-administered female rats was performed. In addition, a group receiving placebo administration was used to compare with a group receiving lipopolysaccharide administration only to evaluate the effect of lipopolysaccharide. RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide administration resulted in lower values for bone mass, but higher values for serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, and mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and cyclooxygenase-2 in spleen. GTP supplementation increased urinary epigallocatechin and epicatechin concentrations. Both GTP supplementation and alphacalcidol administration resulted in a significant increase in bone mass, but a significant decrease in serum TRAP levels, urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels, and mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and cyclooxygenase-2 in spleen. A synergistic effect of GTP and alphacalcidol was observed in these parameters. Neither GTP nor alphacalcidol affected femoral bone area or serum osteocalcin. CONCLUSION We conclude that a bone-protective role of GTP plus alphacalcidol during chronic inflammation bone loss may be due to a reduction of oxidative stress damage and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-L Shen
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, BB 198, 3601 4th street, Lubbock, TX 79430-9097, USA.
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