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Rafiyan M, Davoodvandi A, Reiter RJ, Mansournia MA, Rasooli Manesh SM, Arabshahi V, Asemi Z. Melatonin and cisplatin co-treatment against cancer: A mechanistic review of their synergistic effects and melatonin's protective actions. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155031. [PMID: 38103362 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Combination chemotherapy appears to be a preferable option for some cancer patients, especially when the medications target multiple pathways of oncogenesis; individuals treated with combination treatments may have a better prognosis than those treated with single agent chemotherapy. However, research has revealed that this is not always the case, and that this technique may just enhance toxicity while having little effect on boosting the anticancer effects of the medications. Cisplatin (CDDP) is a chemotherapeutic medicine that is commonly used to treat many forms of cancer. However, it has major adverse effects such as cardiotoxicity, skin necrosis, testicular toxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Many research have been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of melatonin (MLT) as an anticancer medication. MLT operates in a variety of ways, including decreasing cancer cell growth, causing apoptosis, and preventing metastasis. We review the literature on the role of MLT as an adjuvant in CDDP-based chemotherapies and discuss how MLT may enhance CDDP's antitumor effects (e.g., by inducing apoptosis and suppressing metastasis) while protecting other organs from its adverse effects, such as cardio- and nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Rafiyan
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health. Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Vajiheh Arabshahi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Ding Y, Pan Q, Gao W, Pu Y, Luo K, He B. Reactive oxygen species-upregulating nanomedicines towards enhanced cancer therapy. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1182-1214. [PMID: 36606593 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01833k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in physiological and pathological processes, emerging as a therapeutic target in cancer. Owing to the high concentration of ROS in solid tumor tissues, ROS-based treatments, such as photodynamic therapy and chemodynamic therapy, and ROS-responsive drug delivery systems have been widely explored to powerfully and specifically suppress tumors. However, their anticancer efficacy is still hampered by the heterogeneous ROS levels, and thus comprehensively upregulating the ROS levels in tumor tissues can ensure an enhanced therapeutic effect, which can further sensitize and/or synergize with other therapies to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. Herein, we review the recently emerging drug delivery strategies and technologies for increasing the H2O2, ˙OH, 1O2, and ˙O2- concentrations in cancer cells, including the efficient delivery of natural enzymes, nanozymes, small molecular biological molecules, and nanoscale Fenton-reagents and semiconductors and neutralization of intracellular antioxidant substances and localized input of mechanical and electromagnetic waves (such as ultrasound, near infrared light, microwaves, and X-rays). The applications of these ROS-upregulating nanosystems in enhancing and synergizing cancer therapies including chemotherapy, chemodynamic therapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy are surveyed. In addition, we discuss the challenges of ROS-upregulating systems and the prospects for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ding
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Qingqing Pan
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Wenxia Gao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yuji Pu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Nandi S, Ahmed S, Saxena AK. Exploring the Role of Antioxidants to Combat Oxidative Stress in Malaria Parasites. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:2029-2044. [PMID: 35382719 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220405121643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria, a global challenge, is a parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium species. Approximately 229 million cases of malaria were reported in 2019. Major incidences occur in various continents, including African and Eastern Mediterranean Continents and South-East Asia. INTRODUCTION Despite the overall decline in global incidence from 2010 to 2018, the rate of decline has been almost constant since 2014. The morbidity and mortality have been accelerated due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by oxidative stress generated by the parasite responsible for the destruction of host metabolism and cell nutrients. METHODS The excessive release of free radicals is associated with the infection in the animal or human body by the parasites. This may be related to a reduction in nutrients required for the generation of antioxidants and the destruction of cells by parasite activity. Therefore, an intensive literature search has been carried out to find the natural antioxidants used to neutralize the free radicals generated during malarial infection. RESULTS The natural antioxidants may be useful as an adjuvant treatment along with the antimalarial chemotherapeutics to reduce the death rate and enhance the success rate of malaria treatment. CONCLUSION In this manuscript, an attempt has been made to provide significant insight into the antioxidant activities of herbal extracts against malaria parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisir Nandi
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kashipur, 244713, India
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmed
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kashipur, 244713, India
| | - Anil Kumar Saxena
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kashipur, 244713, India
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Gozdowska M, Sokołowska E, Pomianowski K, Kulczykowska E. Melatonin and cortisol as components of the cutaneous stress response system in fish: Response to oxidative stress. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 268:111207. [PMID: 35358732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The skin being a passive biological barrier that defends the organism against harmful external factors is also a site of action of the system responding to stress. It appears that melatonin (Mel) and its biologically active metabolite AFMK (N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine), both known as effective antioxidants, together with cortisol, set up a local (cutaneous) stress response system (CSRS) of fish, similar to that of mammals. Herein we comment on recent studies on CSRS in fish and show the response of three-spined stickleback skin to oxidative stress induced by potassium dichromate. Our study indicates that exposure of the three-spined stickleback to K2Cr2O7 affects Mel and cortisol levels and pigment dispersion in melanophores in the skin. In our opinion, an increased concentration of Mel and cortisol in the skin may be the strategy to cope with oxidative stress, where both components act locally to prevent damage caused by active oxygen molecules. Furthermore, the pigment dispersion may be a valuable, easy-to-observe mark of oxidative stress, useful in the evaluation of fish welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gozdowska
- Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55 Str., 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Ewa Sokołowska
- Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55 Str., 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Konrad Pomianowski
- Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55 Str., 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Ewa Kulczykowska
- Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55 Str., 81-712 Sopot, Poland.
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Song Z, Wang P, Chen X, Peng Y, Cai B, Song J, Yin G, Jia S, Zhang H. Melatonin alleviates cadmium toxicity and abiotic stress by promoting glandular trichome development and antioxidant capacity in Nicotiana tabacum. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113437. [PMID: 35367878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a well-known signaling molecule that mediates a range of physiological activities and various stress reactions in plants. We comprehensively tested the effect of melatonin on the development of root hairs and glandular trichomes and found that melatonin pretreatment of tobacco seeds significantly increased the length of root hairs. Furthermore, melatonin-treated tobacco exhibited significantly higher density of trichomes and larger glandular heads on long-stalk glandular trichomes than untreated plants, which resulted in enhanced secretion in glandular trichomes. Exogenous melatonin enhanced the aphid resistance of plants by facilitating the accumulation of cembranoids in the glandular trichomes and alleviated cadmium toxicity by increasing the Cd-exudation capacity of long glandular trichomes. Metabolic analysis indicated that the contents of 108 metabolites significantly changed upon melatonin treatment, with the contents of those that are directly/indirectly involved in melatonin metabolism changing the most. Further, KEGG pathway analysis suggested that the metabolic pathways of amino acids, reducing sugar, secondary metabolites, indole alkaloid biosynthesis, purine, pyrimidine, and ABC transporters were greatly influenced by exogenous melatonin application. Moreover, metabolisms of melatonin-related antioxidants and pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics were enhanced after melatonin treatment. Melatonin improved tobacco resistance to high salinity, drought, and extreme temperature stresses, as indicated by improved photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities in treated vs. untreated plants. This study lays a foundation for the comprehensive application of melatonin to increase the stress tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaopeng Song
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, China
| | - Yufu Peng
- China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Hainan Province Company, China National Tobacco Corporation, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Jiangyu Song
- Fujian Province Nanping Branch Company, China National Tobacco Corporation, Nanping 350003, China
| | - Guangting Yin
- China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, China
| | - Shiwei Jia
- China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Gao Y, Li ZT, Jin L, Lin J, Fan ZL, Zeng Z, Huang HF. Melatonin attenuates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2021; 20:551-560. [PMID: 33947635 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sterile inflammatory response is one of the key mechanisms leading to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Melatonin has been shown to prevent organ injuries, but its roles in the inflammatory response after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury have not been fully explored, especially in late ischemia-reperfusion injury. The present study aimed to investigate the roles and possible mechanisms of melatonin in the inflammatory response after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham group, ischemia-reperfusion injury group (I/R group), and melatonin-treated group (M + I/R group). The rats in the I/R group were subjected to 70% hepatic ischemia for 45 min, followed by 5 or 24 h of reperfusion. The rats in the M + I/R group were injected with melatonin (10 mg/kg, intravenous injection) 15 min prior to ischemia and immediately before reperfusion. Serum and samples of ischemic liver lobes were harvested for future analysis, and the 7-day survival rate was assessed after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion surgery. RESULTS In comparison with the I/R group, the M + I/R group showed markedly decreased expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and numbers of apoptotic hepatocytes (P < 0.05). Immunoblotting showed that the expression levels of IL-6, p-NF-κBp65/t-NF-κBp65 and p-IκB-α/t-IκB-α in the M + I/R group were significantly lower than those in the I/R group, and immunofluorescence staining showed that the expression level of p-NF-κBp65 in the M + I/R group was lower than that in the I/R group (P < 0.05). The 7-day survival rates were 20% in the I/R group and 50% in the M + I/R group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Melatonin downregulated the activity of the NF-κB signaling pathway in the early and late stages of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, alleviated the inflammatory response, protected the liver from ischemia-reperfusion injury, and increased the survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Gao
- Organ Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Zhi-Tao Li
- Organ Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Li Jin
- Organ Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Organ Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Zheng-Lei Fan
- Organ Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Zhong Zeng
- Organ Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Han-Fei Huang
- Organ Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China.
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Melatonin Ameliorates Valproic Acid-Induced Neurogenesis Impairment: The Role of Oxidative Stress in Adult Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9997582. [PMID: 34804374 PMCID: PMC8604576 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9997582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Valproic acid (anticonvulsant medication) has been found to inhibit histone deacetylase activity and suppress hippocampal neurogenesis, which causes memory impairment in both humans and rodents. The neurohormone melatonin, which regulates mammalian seasonal and circadian physiology, has recently been shown to have neuroprotective properties, counteracting memory impairment associated with VPA-caused hippocampal neurogenesis reduction. This study is aimed at investigating the molecular mechanisms of melatonin associated with VPA-induced hippocampal neurogenesis and memory impairment. Methods Male Spraque-Dawley rats received VPA (300 mg/kg) twice daily or melatonin (8 mg/kg/day) or some rats were given melatonin for 14 days during VPA administration. Results The VPA-treated rats showed a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the hippocampus and p21-positive cells in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) but decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. Moreover, VPA significantly decreased levels of nestin, Notchl, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), doublecortin (DCX), sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Conclusions We found that melatonin was able to counteract these neurotoxic effects, acting as a neuroprotectant in VPA-induced memory hippocampal neurogenesis impairment by preventing intracellular oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant activity.
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Potentiating the Benefits of Melatonin through Chemical Functionalization: Possible Impact on Multifactorial Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111584. [PMID: 34769013 PMCID: PMC8583879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melatonin is an astonishing molecule, it is possible that chemistry will help in the discovery of new compounds derived from it that may exceed our expectations regarding antioxidant protection and perhaps even neuroprotection. This review briefly summarizes the significant amount of data gathered to date regarding the multiple health benefits of melatonin and related compounds. This review also highlights some of the most recent directions in the discovery of multifunctional pharmaceuticals intended to act as one-molecule multiple-target drugs with potential use in multifactorial diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we discuss the beneficial activities of melatonin derivatives reported to date, in addition to computational strategies to rationally design new derivatives by functionalization of the melatonin molecular framework. It is hoped that this review will promote more investigations on the subject from both experimental and theoretical perspectives.
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Li MD, Xin H, Yuan Y, Yang X, Li H, Tian D, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Han TL, Chen Q, Duan G, Ju D, Chen K, Deng F, He W. Circadian Clock-Controlled Checkpoints in the Pathogenesis of Complex Disease. Front Genet 2021; 12:721231. [PMID: 34557221 PMCID: PMC8452875 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.721231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock coordinates physiology, metabolism, and behavior with the 24-h cycles of environmental light. Fundamental mechanisms of how the circadian clock regulates organ physiology and metabolism have been elucidated at a rapid speed in the past two decades. Here we review circadian networks in more than six organ systems associated with complex disease, which cluster around metabolic disorders, and seek to propose critical regulatory molecules controlled by the circadian clock (named clock-controlled checkpoints) in the pathogenesis of complex disease. These include clock-controlled checkpoints such as circadian nuclear receptors in liver and muscle tissues, chemokines and adhesion molecules in the vasculature. Although the progress is encouraging, many gaps in the mechanisms remain unaddressed. Future studies should focus on devising time-dependent strategies for drug delivery and engagement in well-characterized organs such as the liver, and elucidating fundamental circadian biology in so far less characterized organ systems, including the heart, blood, peripheral neurons, and reproductive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Dian Li
- Department of Cardiology and the Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Haoran Xin
- Department of Cardiology and the Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yinglin Yuan
- Medical Center of Hematology, The Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinqing Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dingyuan Tian
- Department of Cardiology and the Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and the Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Li Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guangyou Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dapeng Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ka Chen
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wenyan He
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wang Q, Wang Y, Du L, Xu C, Liu Y, Liu Q, Fan S. Quantitative proteomic analysis of the effects of melatonin treatment for mice suffered from small intestinal damage induced by γ-ray radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1206-1216. [PMID: 34264173 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1956006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intestinal damage induced by radiation exposure is a major clinic concern of radiotherapy for patients with abdominal or pelvic tumor. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is likely be an ideal radioprotector to protect individuals from radiation exposure. The study aimed to define the role of melatonin in small intestinal damage caused by abdominal irradiation (ABI). MATERIALS AND METHODS 30-day survival rate and pathological histology of the intestines from melatonin-treated mice after 13 Gy ABI exposure was first detected. Next, quantitative proteomics analysis of the small intestines tissue was examined and GO term and KEGG pathways analysis were performed. RESULTS Melatonin treatment before ABI exposure significantly increased 30-day survival rate to 83% and ameliorated damage to the intestinal epithelial cells. Melatonin significantly altered the proteins profile of the small intestines following irradiation. For the irradiated mice treated with melatonin in comparison with the irradiated mice, the enriched GO terms were mainly involved in defense response to other organism (BP, GO: 0098542), response to other organism (BP, GO: 0051707), anion transmembrane transporter activity (MF, GO: 0008509), and secondary active transmembrane transporter activity (MF, GO: 0015291). In the process of antioxidant activity (MF, GO: 0016209), melatonin treatment prior to radiation exhibited high protein levels of Sod3 and Gpx3. The markedly KEGG pathways for melatonin treatment prior to radiation mainly included protein digestion and absorption (ko 04974) and mineral absorption (ko 04978). p53 signaling pathway and DNA repair pathways were enriched in melatonin treated mice. The amount of radiation-induced DNA damage and the cell apoptosis of the small intestines was decreased in the melatonin-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin may protect small intestines from radiation damage through increasing DNA repair and decreasing cell apoptosis of the small intestines. Our data provided perspective for the study of melatonin in mitigating ABI-caused intestinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqing Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Checker R, Patwardhan RS, Jayakumar S, Maurya DK, Bandekar M, Sharma D, Sandur SK. Chemical and biological basis for development of novel radioprotective drugs for cancer therapy. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:595-625. [PMID: 34181503 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1876854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) causes chemical changes in biological systems through direct interaction with the macromolecules or by causing radiolysis of water. This property of IR is harnessed in the clinic for radiotherapy in almost 50% of cancers patients. Despite the advent of stereotactic radiotherapy instruments and other advancements in shielding techniques, the inadvertent deposition of radiation dose in the surrounding normal tissue can cause late effects of radiation injury in normal tissues. Radioprotectors, which are chemical or biological agents, can reduce or mitigate these toxic side-effects of radiotherapy in cancer patients and also during radiation accidents. The desired characteristics of an ideal radioprotector include low chemical toxicity, high risk to benefit ratio and specific protection of normal cells against the harmful effects of radiation without compromising the cytotoxic effects of IR on cancer cells. Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the major contributors of IR mediated toxicity, plethora of studies have highlighted the potential role of antioxidants to protect against IR induced damage. However, owing to the lack of any clinically approved radioprotector against whole body radiation, researchers have shifted the focus toward finding alternate targets that could be exploited for the development of novel agents. The present review provides a comprehensive insight in to the different strategies, encompassing prime molecular targets, which have been employed to develop radiation protectors/countermeasures. It is anticipated that understanding such factors will lead to the development of novel strategies for increasing the outcome of radiotherapy by minimizing normal tissue toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Checker
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Raghavendra S Patwardhan
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Sundarraj Jayakumar
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Maurya
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Mayuri Bandekar
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh K Sandur
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
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Zhang C, Wang X, Du J, Gu Z, Zhao Y. Reactive Oxygen Species-Regulating Strategies Based on Nanomaterials for Disease Treatment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002797. [PMID: 33552863 PMCID: PMC7856897 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in physiological and pathological processes. Studies on the regulation of ROS for disease treatments have caused wide concern, mainly involving the topics in ROS-regulating therapy such as antioxidant therapy triggered by ROS scavengers and ROS-induced toxic therapy mediated by ROS-elevation agents. Benefiting from the remarkable advances of nanotechnology, a large number of nanomaterials with the ROS-regulating ability are developed to seek new and effective ROS-related nanotherapeutic modalities or nanomedicines. Although considerable achievements have been made in ROS-based nanomedicines for disease treatments, some fundamental but key questions such as the rational design principle for ROS-related nanomaterials are held in low regard. Here, the design principle can serve as the initial framework for scientists and technicians to design and optimize the ROS-regulating nanomedicines, thereby minimizing the gap of nanomedicines for biomedical application during the design stage. Herein, an overview of the current progress of ROS-associated nanomedicines in disease treatments is summarized. And then, by particularly addressing these known strategies in ROS-associated therapy, several fundamental and key principles for the design of ROS-associated nanomedicines are presented. Finally, future perspectives are also discussed in depth for the development of ROS-associated nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- Department of Medical ImagingShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology of ChinaChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for NanotechnologyGuangdong510700China
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Li X, Mu Y, Elshewy N, Ding D, Zou H, Chen B, Chen C, Wei Z, Cao Y, Zhou P, Zhang Z. Comparison of IVF and IVM outcomes in the same patient treated with a modified IVM protocol along with an oocytes-maturing system containing melatonin: A pilot study. Life Sci 2021; 264:118706. [PMID: 33152350 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare embryonic developmental competence and clinical outcomes of oocytes matured in vivo (IVF oocytes) and those matured in vitro (IVM oocytes) from the same IVM/IVF cycles, and to analyze the clinical efficiency of a melatonin-supplemented in vitro maturation system combined with a modified IVM/IVF protocol. MAIN METHODS We randomly recruited 22 patients undergoing IVM/IVF treatment protocol in our medical centre. The fertilization, cleavage and blastocyst formation rates, as well as clinical pregnancy, implantation and live birth/ongoing pregnancy rates were analysed and compared between IVF and IVM oocytes. We evaluated mitochondrial function indicators by fluorescence staining and confocal microscopy, including mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species and calcium (Ca2+) levels in 15 IVF and 15 IVM oocytes. KEY FINDINGS There were no significant differences in fertilization or blastocyst formation rates between the IVF and IVM groups, whereas the cleavage rate was significantly higher in the IVF versus IVM group (100% vs 93.4 ± 10.9%, p = 0.03). There were no significant differences in the clinical pregnancy, implantation or live birth/ongoing pregnancy rates between the two groups. The cumulative clinical pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy/live birth rate per pick-up oocyte in the IVM/IVF treatment cycles were 68.2% (15/22) and 54.5% (12/22), respectively. The reactive oxygen species and Ca2+ levels were significantly increased, and mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly decreased, in IVM compared with IVF oocytes. SIGNIFICANCE The modified IVM/IVF protocol can be effectively applied to the treatment of some indicated patients and achieve ideal clinical outcomes, even though the developmental potential of IVM oocytes may not be as high as IVF oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of study on abnormal gametes and reproductive tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yaoqin Mu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of study on abnormal gametes and reproductive tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Nagwa Elshewy
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of study on abnormal gametes and reproductive tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Huijuan Zou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Beili Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Change Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhaolian Wei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of study on abnormal gametes and reproductive tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of study on abnormal gametes and reproductive tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Pariset E, Malkani S, Cekanaviciute E, Costes SV. Ionizing radiation-induced risks to the central nervous system and countermeasures in cellular and rodent models. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 97:S132-S150. [PMID: 32946305 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1820598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Harmful effects of ionizing radiation on the Central Nervous System (CNS) are a concerning outcome in the field of cancer radiotherapy and form a major risk for deep space exploration. Both acute and chronic CNS irradiation induce a complex network of molecular and cellular alterations including DNA damage, oxidative stress, cell death and systemic inflammation, leading to changes in neuronal structure and synaptic plasticity with behavioral and cognitive consequences in animal models. Due to this complexity, countermeasure or therapeutic approaches to reduce the harmful effects of ionizing radiation include a wide range of protective and mitigative strategies, which merit a thorough comparative analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed current approaches for developing countermeasures to both targeted and non-targeted effects of ionizing radiation on the CNS from the molecular and cellular to the behavioral level. RESULTS We focus on countermeasures that aim to mitigate the four main detrimental actions of radiation on CNS: DNA damage, free radical formation and oxidative stress, cell death, and harmful systemic responses including tissue death and neuroinflammation. We propose a comprehensive review of CNS radiation countermeasures reported for the full range of irradiation types (photons and particles, low and high linear energy transfer) and doses (from a fraction of gray to several tens of gray, fractionated and unfractionated), with a particular interest for exposure conditions relevant to deep-space environment and radiotherapy. Our review reveals the importance of combined strategies that increase DNA protection and repair, reduce free radical formation and increase their elimination, limit inflammation and improve cell viability, limit tissue damage and increase repair and plasticity. CONCLUSIONS The majority of therapeutic approaches to protect the CNS from ionizing radiation have been limited to acute high dose and high dose rate gamma irradiation, and few are translatable from animal models to potential human application due to harmful side effects and lack of blood-brain barrier permeability that precludes peripheral administration. Therefore, a promising research direction would be to focus on practical applicability and effectiveness in a wider range of irradiation paradigms, from fractionated therapeutic to deep space radiation. In addition to discovering novel therapeutics, it would be worth maximizing the benefits and reducing side effects of those that already exist. Finally, we suggest that novel cellular and tissue models for developing and testing countermeasures in the context of other impairments might also be applied to the field of CNS responses to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Pariset
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA.,Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Sherina Malkani
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.,Young Scientist Program, Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Egle Cekanaviciute
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Sylvain V Costes
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
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15
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Sadeghi H, Bagheri H, Shekarchi B, Javadi A, Najafi M. Mitigation of Radiation-Induced Gastrointestinal System Injury by Melatonin: A Histopathological Study. Curr Drug Res Rev 2020; 12:72-79. [PMID: 32578524 DOI: 10.2174/2589977511666191031094625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The current study aimed to investigate the potential role of melatonin in the mitigation of radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury. BACKGROUND Organs of the gastrointestinal system such as the intestines, colon, duodenum, ileum etc. are sensitive to ionizing radiation. Mitigation of radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury is an interesting topic in radiobiology and a life-saving approach for exposed persons after a radiation event or improving the quality of life of radiotherapy patients. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to find the possible mitigation effect of melatonin on radiation-induced damage to the small and large intestines. METHODS 40 male mice were randomly assigned into four groups namely G1: control, G2: melatonin treatment, G3: whole-body irradiation, and G4: melatonin treatment after whole-body irradiation. A cobalt-60 gamma-ray source was used to deliver 7 Gy to the whole body. 100 mg/kg melatonin was administered orally 24 h after irradiation and continued for 5 days. Thirty days after irradiation, histopathological evaluations were performed. RESULTS The whole-body irradiation led to remarkable inflammation, villi shortening, apoptosis and damage to goblet cells of the small intestine. Furthermore, moderate to severe inflammation, apoptosis, congestion, crypt injury and goblet cell damage were reported for the colon. Treatment with melatonin after whole-body irradiation led to significant mitigation of radiation toxicity in both small and large intestines. CONCLUSION Melatonin could mitigate intestinal injury following whole-body exposure to radiation. Treatment with melatonin after an accidental exposure to radiation may increase survival via mitigation of damages to radiosensitive organs, including the gastrointestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sadeghi
- AJA Radiation Sciences Radiation Sciences (ARSRC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Bagheri
- AJA Radiation Sciences Radiation Sciences (ARSRC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Shekarchi
- AJA Radiation Sciences Radiation Sciences (ARSRC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Javadi
- Department of Pathology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Mokhtari F, Akbari Asbagh F, Azmoodeh O, Bakhtiyari M, Almasi-Hashiani A. Effects of Melatonin Administration on Chemical Pregnancy Rates of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients Undergoing Intrauterine Insemination: A Randomized Clinical Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2019; 13:225-229. [PMID: 31310077 PMCID: PMC6642424 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2019.5717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress as a potential cause of poor oocyte quality can influence a female's reproductive system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin on chemical pregnancy rates of a significant number of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI). Materials and Methods In this double-blinded randomized clinical trial (RCT) study, the samples included 198 PCOS patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria and undergoing the IUI treatment. On the third day of menstruation, a 3-mg melatonin tablet or its placebo was given to the patients according to the randomized study protocol; this prescription was continued until the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration. The current study attempted primarily to scrutinize the effect of melatonin administration on the rate of chemical pregnancy and mature follicles during the IUI treatment cycle, and secondarily to determine the endometrial thickness (ET) on the day of IUI. Results The mean age of the participants in the study was 28.9 ± 5.5 years. The chemical pregnancy rate in the group receiving melatonin was about 32%, when it was 18% in the control group (P=0.012). Furthermore, it was concluded that the addition of melatonin to the treatment cycle of PCOS individuals could significantly improve the ET after the treatment (P<0.001). Conclusion The results of this study demonstrated that the treatment of PCOS patients undergoing IUI with melatonin significantly improves the rate of chemical pregnancy (Registration number: IRCT2017021132489N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fataneh Mokhtari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IVF Unit, Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Firouzeh Akbari Asbagh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IVF Unit, Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ozra Azmoodeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IVF Unit, Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahmood Bakhtiyari
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amir Almasi-Hashiani
- Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Amini P, Mirtavoos-Mahyari H, Motevaseli E, Shabeeb D, Musa AE, Cheki M, Farhood B, Yahyapour R, Shirazi A, Goushbolagh NA, Najafi M. Mechanisms for Radioprotection by Melatonin; Can it be Used as a Radiation Countermeasure? Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 12:2-11. [PMID: 30073934 DOI: 10.2174/1874467211666180802164449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is a natural body product that has shown potent antioxidant property against various toxic agents. For more than two decades, the abilities of melatonin as a potent radioprotector against toxic effects of ionizing radiation (IR) have been proved. However, in the recent years, several studies have been conducted to illustrate how melatonin protects normal cells against IR. Studies proposed that melatonin is able to directly neutralize free radicals produced by IR, leading to the production of some low toxic products. DISCUSSION Moreover, melatonin affects several signaling pathways, such as inflammatory responses, antioxidant defense, DNA repair response enzymes, pro-oxidant enzymes etc. Animal studies have confirmed that melatonin is able to alleviate radiation-induced cell death via inhibiting pro-apoptosis and upregulation of anti-apoptosis genes. These properties are very interesting for clinical radiotherapy applications, as well as mitigation of radiation injury in a possible radiation disaster. An interesting property of melatonin is mitochondrial ROS targeting that has been proposed as a strategy for mitigating effects in radiosensitive organs, such as bone marrow, gastrointestinal system and lungs. However, there is a need to prove the mitigatory effects of melatonin in experimental studies. CONCLUSION In this review, we aim to clarify the molecular mechanisms of radioprotective effects of melatonin, as well as possible applications as a radiation countermeasure in accidental exposure or nuclear/radiological disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Amini
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanifeh Mirtavoos-Mahyari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Cheki
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Yahyapour
- Department of Medical School, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Alireza Shirazi
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nouraddin Abdi Goushbolagh
- Department of medical Physics, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Adeyemi WJ, Omoniyi JA, Olayiwola A, Ibrahim M, Ogunyemi O, Olayaki LA. Elevated reproductive toxicity effects of diclofenac after withdrawal: Investigation of the therapeutic role of melatonin. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:571-577. [PMID: 31293902 PMCID: PMC6595233 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there are several reports on the toxic actions of sodium diclofenac (DF), there is dearth information on its effect on the male reproductive system. Therefore, the study investigated the effects of DF and melatonin in male rats. Twenty rats were used in this study, which lasted for 6 weeks. The control group (vehicle treated) received normal saline (0.1 ml/day, p.o.). In the experimental groups, DF was administered during the first (group 2) and last (group 3) three weeks of the study. However, in group 4, melatonin was administered for 3 weeks, after 3 weeks of treatment with DF. DF and melatonin were administered at 1 and 10 mg/kg b.w./day (p.o.) respectively. The results showed that unlike melatonin, DF had no effect on gonadotrophins; however, it caused significant decreases in GNRH and testosterone, but a significant increase in prolactin. Melatonin attenuated the pro-antioxidant and pro-inflammatory effects of DF, which caused significant decreases in SOD, TAC, CAT, but significant elevations in LDH, MDA, uric acid and CRP. Moreover, the hormone reversed the adverse effect of DF on sperm count, sperm motility and sperm morphology. There were slight evidence of the precipitation of imbalance in lipid metabolism by DF and the antidyslipidaemic action of melatonin. Compared to DF, DF recovery showed more adverse effects on prolactin, testosterone, LDH, MDA, UA, CRP, semen parameters (except sperm motility), TC, LDL-c, HDL-c and phospholipid. The histological results agreed with the biochemical assays. In conclusion, the reproductive toxicity effects of DF seem to escalate after withdrawal; however, these effects could be attenuated by treatment with melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wale J Adeyemi
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Julius A Omoniyi
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Aluko Olayiwola
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Mariam Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Olatinbo Ogunyemi
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Luqman A Olayaki
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Zhang X, Xia Q, Wei R, Song H, Mi J, Lin Z, Yang Y, Sun Z, Zou K. Melatonin protects spermatogonia from the stress of chemotherapy and oxidation via eliminating reactive oxidative species. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 137:74-86. [PMID: 30986493 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Busulfan is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug for chronic myelogenous leukemia and bone marrow transplantation. As a cell cycle nonspecific alkylation agent, busulfan has a severe side effect on germ cells, especially on spermatogonia before meiosis. Studies have revealed that busulfan causes DNA strand crosslinks in spermatogonia and induces apoptosis, and many corresponding strategies have been developed to ameliorate the side effects. However, fertility maintenance after busulfan treatment is still a challenging project in the clinic. Here, we demonstrated that continuous injection of melatonin effectively alleviated germline cytotoxicity both in recipient mice and cultured spermatogonia, and busulfan/melatonin recipient mice produced normal litters. We further revealed that melatonin rescues spermatogonia from apoptosis by neutralizing reactive oxidative species (ROS) induced by busulfan and recovered the phosphorylation of ATM and p53 to normal levels, and as a result apoptosis in spermatogonial progenitor cells was avoided. This study reports that pineal gland hormone melatonin effectively protects spermatogonia from the stress of chemotherapy and oxidation and reveals the underlying molecular mechanisms, which will provide an important hint for fertility protection in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qin Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Rui Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongfei Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiaqi Mi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 91010, CA, USA
| | - Zhaoyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zijie Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 91010, CA, USA
| | - Kang Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Protective effects of melatonin against valproic acid-induced memory impairments and reductions in adult rat hippocampal neurogenesis. Neuroscience 2019; 406:580-593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Oocyte Aging: The Role of Cellular and Environmental Factors and Impact on Female Fertility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1247:109-123. [PMID: 31802446 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Female aging is one of the most important factors that impacts human reproduction. With aging, there is a natural decline in female fertility. The decrease in fertility is slow and steady in women aged 30-35 years; however, this decline is accelerated after the age of 35 due to decreases in the ovarian reserve and oocyte quality. Human oocyte aging is affected by different environmental factors, such as dietary habits and lifestyle. The ovarian microenvironment contributes to oocyte aging and longevity. The immediate oocyte microenvironment consists of the surrounding cells. Crosstalk between the oocyte and microenvironment is mediated by direct contact with surrounding cells, the extracellular matrix, and signalling molecules, including hormones, growth factors, and metabolic products. In this review, we highlight the different microenvironmental factors that accelerate human oocyte aging and decrease oocyte function. The ovarian microenvironment and the stress that is induced by environmental pollutants and a poor diet, along with other factors, impact oocyte quality and function and contribute to accelerated oocyte aging and diseases of infertility.
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Jou MJ, Peng TI, Reiter RJ. Protective stabilization of mitochondrial permeability transition and mitochondrial oxidation during mitochondrial Ca 2+ stress by melatonin's cascade metabolites C3-OHM and AFMK in RBA1 astrocytes. J Pineal Res 2019; 66:e12538. [PMID: 30415481 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin (C3-OHM) and N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK) are two major cascade metabolites of melatonin. We previously showed melatonin provides multiple levels of mitochondria-targeted protection beyond as a mitochondrial antioxidant during ionomycin-induced mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+ ) stress in RBA1 astrocytes. Using noninvasive laser scanning fluorescence coupled time-lapse digital imaging microscopy, this study investigated whether C3-OHM and AFMK also provide mitochondrial levels of protection during ionomycin-induced mCa2+ stress in RBA1 astrocytes. Interestingly, precise temporal and spatial dynamic live mitochondrial images revealed that C3-OHM and AFMK prevented specifically mCa2+ -mediated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) formation and hence mROS-mediated depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm ) and permanent lethal opening of the MPT (p-MPT). The antioxidative effects of AFMK, however, were less potent than that of C3-OHM. Whether C3-OHM and AFMK targeted directly the MPT was investigated under a condition of "oxidation free-Ca2+ stress" using a classic antioxidant vitamin E to remove mCa2+ -mediated mROS stress and the potential antioxidative effects of C3-OHM and AFMK. Intriguingly, two compounds still effectively postponed "oxidation free-Ca2+ stress"-mediated depolarization of △Ψm and p-MPT. Measurements using a MPT pore-specific indicator Calcein further identified that C3-OHM and AFMK, rather than inhibiting, stabilized the MPT in its transient protective opening mode (t-MPT), a critical mechanism to reduce overloaded mROS and mCa2+ . These multiple layers of mitochondrial protection provided by C3-OHM and AFMK thus crucially allow melatonin to extend its metabolic cascades of mitochondrial protection during mROS- and mCa2+ -mediated MPT-associated apoptotic stresses and may provide therapeutic benefits against astrocyte-mediated neurodegeneration in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jie Jou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Peng
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
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Xu G, Shi D, Zhi Z, Ao R, Yu B. Melatonin ameliorates spinal cord injury by suppressing the activation of inflammasomes in rats. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5183-5192. [PMID: 30257055 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Xu
- Orthopedics Department Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University Pudong Shanghai China
| | - Dong Shi
- Radiology Department The 251st Hospital of Chinese PLA Zhangjiakou China
| | - Zhongzheng Zhi
- Orthopedics Department Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University Pudong Shanghai China
| | - Rongguang Ao
- Orthopedics Department Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University Pudong Shanghai China
| | - Baoqing Yu
- Orthopedics Department Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University Pudong Shanghai China
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Golomb BA. Diplomats' Mystery Illness and Pulsed Radiofrequency/Microwave Radiation. Neural Comput 2018; 30:2882-2985. [PMID: 30183509 DOI: 10.1162/neco_a_01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Importance: A mystery illness striking U.S. and Canadian diplomats to Cuba (and now China) "has confounded the FBI, the State Department and US intelligence agencies" (Lederman, Weissenstein, & Lee, 2017). Sonic explanations for the so-called health attacks have long dominated media reports, propelled by peculiar sounds heard and auditory symptoms experienced. Sonic mediation was justly rejected by experts. We assessed whether pulsed radiofrequency/microwave radiation (RF/MW) exposure can accommodate reported facts in diplomats, including unusual ones. Observations: (1) Noises: Many diplomats heard chirping, ringing or grinding noises at night during episodes reportedly triggering health problems. Some reported that noises were localized with laser-like precision or said the sounds seemed to follow them (within the territory in which they were perceived). Pulsed RF/MW engenders just these apparent "sounds" via the Frey effect. Perceived "sounds" differ by head dimensions and pulse characteristics and can be perceived as located behind in or above the head. Ability to hear the "sounds" depends on high-frequency hearing and low ambient noise. (2) Signs/symptoms: Hearing loss and tinnitus are prominent in affected diplomats and in RF/MW-affected individuals. Each of the protean symptoms that diplomats report also affect persons reporting symptoms from RF/MW: sleep problems, headaches, and cognitive problems dominate in both groups. Sensations of pressure or vibration figure in each. Both encompass vision, balance, and speech problems and nosebleeds. Brain injury and brain swelling are reported in both. (3) Mechanisms: Oxidative stress provides a documented mechanism of RF/MW injury compatible with reported signs and symptoms; sequelae of endothelial dysfunction (yielding blood flow compromise), membrane damage, blood-brain barrier disruption, mitochondrial injury, apoptosis, and autoimmune triggering afford downstream mechanisms, of varying persistence, that merit investigation. (4) Of note, microwaving of the U.S. embassy in Moscow is historically documented. Conclusions and relevance: Reported facts appear consistent with pulsed RF/MW as the source of injury in affected diplomats. Nondiplomats citing symptoms from RF/MW, often with an inciting pulsed-RF/MW exposure, report compatible health conditions. Under the RF/MW hypothesis, lessons learned for diplomats and for RF/MW-affected civilians may each aid the other.
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Galano A, Reiter RJ. Melatonin and its metabolites vs oxidative stress: From individual actions to collective protection. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12514. [PMID: 29888508 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) represents a threat to the chemical integrity of biomolecules including lipids, proteins, and DNA. The associated molecular damage frequently results in serious health issues, which justifies our concern about this phenomenon. In addition to enzymatic defense mechanisms, there are compounds (usually referred to as antioxidants) that offer chemical protection against oxidative events. Among them, melatonin and its metabolites constitute a particularly efficient chemical family. They offer protection against OS as individual chemical entities through a wide variety of mechanisms including electron transfer, hydrogen transfer, radical adduct formation, and metal chelation, and by repairing biological targets. In fact, many of them including melatonin can be classified as multipurpose antioxidants. However, what seems to be unique to the melatonin's family is their collective effects. Because the members of this family are metabolically related, most of them are expected to be present in living organisms wherever melatonin is produced. Therefore, the protection exerted by melatonin against OS may be viewed as a result of the combined antioxidant effects of the parent molecule and its metabolites. Melatonin's family is rather exceptional in this regard, offering versatile and collective antioxidant protection against OS. It certainly seems that melatonin is one of the best nature's defenses against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México City, México
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Zheng M, Tong J, Li WP, Chen ZJ, Zhang C. Melatonin concentration in follicular fluid is correlated with antral follicle count (AFC) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:446-450. [PMID: 29185361 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1409713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible relationship between melatonin levels in the follicular fluid (FF) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment. Sixty-three females (20 to 40 years old) scheduled for IVF were divided into three groups based on their antral follicle count (AFC). We determined FF melatonin concentrations in group A (AFC≦6, n = 21), group B (7≦AFC≦14, n = 22), group C (AFC≧15, n = 20) on oocyte retrieval day. Patients in group C had significantly higher melatonin levels as compared to patients in groups A and B (p < .001). Melatonin levels of the patients were significantly positively correlated with antral follicle count (AFC, p < .001), serum anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH) levels (p =.001), serum estradiol (E2) levels on human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) administration day (p = .001), total follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) dose (p = .002), starting FSH dose (p = .035), number of retrieved oocytes (p < .001), total fertilized oocytes (p < .001), normally fertilized oocytes (p < .001), cleaved oocytes (p < .001), number of high-quality day 3 embryos (p = .004), blastocysts obtained (p = .007) and total embryos obtained (day3 embryos + day5/6 blastocysts) (p = .005). The levels were significantly negatively correlated with age (p < .001), basal serum FSH levels (p = .003), serum FSH (p = .001) and serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels (p = .003) on HCG administration day. This is the first demonstration of a significant positive correlation of melatonin concentrations with AFC in patients undergoing IVF. We propose that FF melatonin levels may influence the IVF outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- a Center for Reproductive Medicine , Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics , Shanghai , China
| | - Jing Tong
- a Center for Reproductive Medicine , Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics , Shanghai , China
| | - Wei-Ping Li
- a Center for Reproductive Medicine , Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics , Shanghai , China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- a Center for Reproductive Medicine , Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics , Shanghai , China
| | - Cong Zhang
- a Center for Reproductive Medicine , Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics , Shanghai , China
- c Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Research College of Life Science , Shandong Normal University , Ji'nan , Shandong , China
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Yang HL, Zhou WJ, Gu CJ, Meng YH, Shao J, Li DJ, Li MQ. Pleiotropic roles of melatonin in endometriosis, recurrent spontaneous abortion, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e12839. [PMID: 29493042 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a neurohormone synthesized from the aromatic amino acid tryptophan mainly by the pineal gland of mammals. Melatonin acts as a broad-spectrum antioxidant, powerful free radical scavenger, anti-inflammatory agent, anticarcinogenic factor, sleep inducer and regulator of the circadian rhythm, and potential immunoregulator. Melatonin and reproductive system are interrelated under both physiological and pathological conditions. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune dysregulation are associated with the pathogenesis of the female reproductive system which causes endometriosis (EMS), recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Accumulating studies have indicated that melatonin plays pleiotropic and essential roles in these obstetrical and gynecological disorders and would be a candidate therapeutic drug to regulate inflammation and immune function and protect special cells or organs. Here, we systematically review the pleiotropic roles of melatonin in EMS, RSA, and PCOS to explore its pathological implications and treatment potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Yang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhou
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Jie Gu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Han Meng
- Reproductive Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Jin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
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Melatonin: A Versatile Protector against Oxidative DNA Damage. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030530. [PMID: 29495460 PMCID: PMC6017920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage to DNA has important implications for human health and has been identified as a key factor in the onset and development of numerous diseases. Thus, it is evident that preventing DNA from oxidative damage is crucial for humans and for any living organism. Melatonin is an astonishingly versatile molecule in this context. It can offer both direct and indirect protection against a wide variety of damaging agents and through multiple pathways, which may (or may not) take place simultaneously. They include direct antioxidative protection, which is mediated by melatonin's free radical scavenging activity, and also indirect ways of action. The latter include, at least: (i) inhibition of metal-induced DNA damage; (ii) protection against non-radical triggers of oxidative DNA damage; (iii) continuous protection after being metabolized; (iv) activation of antioxidative enzymes; (v) inhibition of pro-oxidative enzymes; and (vi) boosting of the DNA repair machinery. The rather unique capability of melatonin to exhibit multiple neutralizing actions against diverse threatening factors, together with its low toxicity and its ability to cross biological barriers, are all significant to its efficiency for preventing oxidative damage to DNA.
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Dai X, Lu Y, Zhang M, Miao Y, Zhou C, Cui Z, Xiong B. Melatonin improves the fertilization ability of post-ovulatory aged mouse oocytes by stabilizing ovastacin and Juno to promote sperm binding and fusion. Hum Reprod 2018; 32:598-606. [PMID: 28137755 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the underlying mechanisms of the decline in the fertilization ability of post-ovulatory aged oocytes? SUMMARY ANSWER Melatonin improves the fertilization ability of post-ovulatory aged oocytes by reducing aging-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inhibiting apoptosis and by maintaining the levels and localization of the fertilization proteins, ovastacin and Juno. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Following ovulation, the quality of mammalian metaphase II oocytes irreversibly deteriorates over time with a concomitant loss of fertilization ability. Melatonin has been found to prevent post-ovulatory oocyte aging and extend the window for optimal fertilization in mice. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Mouse oocytes were randomly assigned to three groups and aged in vitro for 0, 6, 12 and 24 h, respectively. Increasing concentrations of melatonin (10-9 M, 10-7 M, 10-5 M and 10-3 M) were added to the 24 h aging group. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Sperm binding assays, in-vitro fertilization, immunofluorescent staining and western blotting were performed to investigate key regulators and events during fertilization of post-ovulatory aged mouse oocytes. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We found that the actin cap which promotes a cortical granule (CG) free domain is disrupted with a re-distribution of CGs in the subcortex of aged oocytes. Ovastacin, a CG metalloendoprotease, is mis-located and prematurely exocytosed in aged oocytes with subsequent cleavage of the zona pellucida protein ZP2. This disrupts the sperm recognition domain and dramatically reduces the number of sperm binding to the zona pellucida. The abundance of Juno, the sperm receptor on the oocyte membrane, also is reduced in aged oocytes. Exposure of aged oocytes to melatonin significantly elevates in-vitro fertilization rates potentially by rescuing the above age-associated defects of fertilization, and reducing ROS and inhibiting apoptosis. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION We explored the mechanisms of the decline in fertilization ability decline in aged mouse oocytes, in vitro but not in vivo. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings may contribute to the development a more efficient method, involving melatonin, for improving IVF success rates. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (31571545) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20150677). The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yajuan Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mianqun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yilong Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Changyin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaokang Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Melatonin and breast cancer: Evidences from preclinical and human studies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 122:133-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Reina M, Martínez A. A new free radical scavenging cascade involving melatonin and three of its metabolites (3OHM, AFMK and AMK). COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Tapia-Rojas C, Mira RG, Torres AK, Jara C, Pérez MJ, Vergara EH, Cerpa W, Quintanilla RA. Alcohol consumption during adolescence: A link between mitochondrial damage and ethanol brain intoxication. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:1623-1639. [DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheril Tapia-Rojas
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA); Santiago Chile
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases; Universidad Autónoma de Chile; Chile
| | - Rodrigo G. Mira
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA); Santiago Chile
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago 8331150 Chile
| | - Angie K. Torres
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA); Santiago Chile
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases; Universidad Autónoma de Chile; Chile
| | - Claudia Jara
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA); Santiago Chile
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases; Universidad Autónoma de Chile; Chile
| | - María José Pérez
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA); Santiago Chile
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases; Universidad Autónoma de Chile; Chile
| | - Erick H. Vergara
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA); Santiago Chile
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases; Universidad Autónoma de Chile; Chile
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA); Santiago Chile
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago 8331150 Chile
| | - Rodrigo A. Quintanilla
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA); Santiago Chile
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases; Universidad Autónoma de Chile; Chile
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Patyar RR, Patyar S. Role of drugs in the prevention and amelioration of radiation induced toxic effects. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 819:207-216. [PMID: 29221951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
As the use of radiation technology for nuclear warfare or for the benefits of mankind (e.g. in radiotherapy or radio-diagnosis) is increasing tremendously, the risk of associated side effects is becoming a cause of concern. These effects, ranging from nausea/vomiting to death, may result from accidental or deliberate exposure and begin in seconds. Through this review paper, efforts have been done to critically review different compounds which have been investigated as radioprotectors and radiation mitigators. Radioprotectors are compounds which are administered just before or at the time of irradiation so as to minimize the radiation induced damage to normal tissues. And radiation mitigators are the compounds which can even minimize or ameliorate post irradiaion-toxicity provided they are administered before the onset of toxic symptoms. A variety of agents have been investigated for their preventive and ameliorative potential against radiation induced toxic effects. This review article has focused on various aspects of the promising representative agents belonging to different classes of radioprotectors and mitigators. Many compounds have shown promising results, but till date only amifostine and palifermin are clinically approved by FDA. To fill this void in pharmacological armamentarium, focus should be shifted towards novel approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sazal Patyar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India.
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Sharma P, Singla N, Dhawan DK. Evidence of Zinc in Affording Protection Against X-Ray-Induced Brain Injury in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 179:247-258. [PMID: 28261760 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-0976-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present world, X-rays have been regarded as one of the most efficient tools in medicine, industry and research. On the contrary, extensive human exposure to these rays is responsible for causing detrimental effects on physiological system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of zinc (Zn), if any, in mitigating the adverse effects induced by fractionated X-irradiation on rat brain. Female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 170-200 g were divided into four different groups viz.: (a) normal control, (b) X-irradiated (21Gy), (c) zinc treated (227 mg/L in drinking water) and (d) X-irradiated + zinc treated. The skulls of animals belonging to groups (b) and (d) were exposed to X-rays in 30 fractions. Each fraction delivered a radiation dose of 70 rads, and rats were exposed to two fractions every day for 15 days, consecutively. X-ray treatment resulted in significant alterations in the neurobehavior, neurotransmitter levels and neuro-histoarchitecture of rats, whereas zinc co-treatment with X-rays resulted in significant improvement in these parameters. X-ray exposure also caused a significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation as well as activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase, which however were decreased upon simultaneous Zn treatment. On the contrary, X-ray treatment down-regulated the glutathione system, which were found to be up-regulated by zinc co-treatment. Further, protein expressions of p53 and NF-ҚB were found to be significantly elevated after X-irradiation, which were reversed following Zn supplementation. Hence, Zn seems to be an effective agent in mitigating the detrimental effects caused by exposure to X-rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Neha Singla
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - D K Dhawan
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Majidinia M, Sadeghpour A, Mehrzadi S, Reiter RJ, Khatami N, Yousefi B. Melatonin: A pleiotropic molecule that modulates DNA damage response and repair pathways. J Pineal Res 2017; 63. [PMID: 28439991 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA repair is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the genome. Perturbations in the DNA repair pathways have been identified in several human cancers. Thus, compounds targeting DNA damage response (DDR) hold great promise in cancer therapy. A great deal of effort, in pursuit of new anticancer drugs, has been devoted to understanding the basic mechanisms and functions of the cellular DNA repair machinery. Melatonin, a widely produced indoleamine in all organisms, is associated with a reduced risk of cancer and has multiple regulatory roles on the different aspects of the DDR and DNA repair. Herein, we have mainly discussed how defective components in different DNA repair machineries, including homologous recombination (HR), nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ), base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and finally DNA mismatch repair (MMR), can contribute to the risk of cancer. Melatonin biosynthesis, mode of action, and antioxidant effects are reviewed along with the means by which the indoleamine regulates DDR at the transduction, mediation, and functional levels. Finally, we summarize recent studies that illustrate how melatonin can be combined with DNA-damaging agents to improve their efficacy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Alireza Sadeghpour
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine and Shohada Educational Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nasrin Khatami
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular Targeting Therapy Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Wyatt LH, Luz AL, Cao X, Maurer LL, Blawas AM, Aballay A, Pan WKY, Meyer JN. Effects of methyl and inorganic mercury exposure on genome homeostasis and mitochondrial function in Caenorhabditis elegans. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 52:31-48. [PMID: 28242054 PMCID: PMC5394729 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mercury toxicity mechanisms have the potential to induce DNA damage and disrupt cellular processes, like mitochondrial function. Proper mitochondrial function is important for cellular bioenergetics and immune signaling and function. Reported impacts of mercury on the nuclear genome (nDNA) are conflicting and inconclusive, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) impacts are relatively unknown. In this study, we assessed genotoxic (mtDNA and nDNA), metabolic, and innate immune impacts of inorganic and organic mercury exposure in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genotoxic outcomes measured included DNA damage, DNA damage repair (nucleotide excision repair, NER; base excision repair, BER), and genomic copy number following MeHg and HgCl2 exposure alone and in combination with known DNA damage-inducing agents ultraviolet C radiation (UVC) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which cause bulky DNA lesions and oxidative DNA damage, respectively. Following exposure to both MeHg and HgCl2, low-level DNA damage (∼0.25 lesions/10kb mtDNA and nDNA) was observed. Unexpectedly, a higher MeHg concentration reduced damage in both genomes compared to controls. However, this observation was likely the result of developmental delay. In co-exposure treatments, both mercury compounds increased initial DNA damage (mtDNA and nDNA) in combination with H2O2 exposure, but had no impact in combination with UVC exposure. Mercury exposure both increased and decreased DNA damage removal via BER. DNA repair after H2O2 exposure in mercury-exposed nematodes resulted in damage levels lower than measured in controls. Impacts to NER were not detected. mtDNA copy number was significantly decreased in the MeHg-UVC and MeHg-H2O2 co-exposure treatments. Mercury exposure had metabolic impacts (steady-state ATP levels) that differed between the compounds; HgCl2 exposure decreased these levels, while MeHg slightly increased levels or had no impact. Both mercury species reduced mRNA levels for immune signaling-related genes, but had mild or no effects on survival on pathogenic bacteria. Overall, mercury exposure disrupted mitochondrial endpoints in a mercury-compound dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren H Wyatt
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
| | - Anthony L Luz
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xiou Cao
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Laura L Maurer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ashley M Blawas
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alejandro Aballay
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - William K Y Pan
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
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Sarafi E, Tsouvaltzis P, Chatzissavvidis C, Siomos A, Therios I. Melatonin and resveratrol reverse the toxic effect of high boron (B) and modulate biochemical parameters in pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 112:173-182. [PMID: 28088019 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this research were to test a possible involvement of melatonin (MEL) and resveratrol (RES) in restoring growth and to control boron (B) toxicity in peppers. The plants were subjected to four different nutrient solution treatments as following: 1) half-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution (Control), 2) half-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution+100 μM B (100 μMB), 3) half-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution+100 μM boron+100 μMresveratrol (100 μMRES), and 4) half-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution+100 μM B+1 μMmelatonin (1 μM MEL). Pepper plants subjected to B excess (100 μM) for 68 days (d) exhibited visible B toxicity symptoms, reduced rate of photosynthesis (Pn) and reduced dry weight (DW), while their leaf and fruit had the greatest increase of B concentration. The reduction of photosynthesis was restored, the reduction of DW was prevented, while the B leaf and fruit accumulation was moderated with the application of both 100 μMresveratrol (RES) and 1 μMmelatonin (MEL). Moreover, plants exposed to MEL and/or RES displayed no visible B toxicity symptoms. The present study revealed a novel role of MEL and/or RES in the adaptation of pepper plants to B excess based on plant growth, physiological and biochemical criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleana Sarafi
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Pavlos Tsouvaltzis
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Anastasios Siomos
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Therios
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Pandi-Perumal SR, BaHammam AS, Ojike NI, Akinseye OA, Kendzerska T, Buttoo K, Dhandapany PS, Brown GM, Cardinali DP. Melatonin and Human Cardiovascular Disease. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2017; 22:122-132. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248416660622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
The possible therapeutic role of melatonin in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disorder (CAD) is increasingly being recognized. In humans, exogenous melatonin has been shown to decrease nocturnal hypertension, improve systolic and diastolic blood pressure, reduce the pulsatility index in the internal carotid artery, decrease platelet aggregation, and reduce serum catecholamine levels. Low circulating levels of melatonin are reported in individuals with CAD, arterial hypertension, and congestive heart failure. This review assesses current literature on the cardiovascular effects of melatonin in humans. It can be concluded that melatonin deserves to be considered in clinical trials evaluating novel therapeutic interventions for cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University Sleep Disorders Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S. BaHammam
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University Sleep Disorders Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nwakile I. Ojike
- Division of Health and Behavior, Department of Population Health, New York University Medical Center, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oluwaseun A. Akinseye
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Queens Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
- CUNY School of Public Health at Brooklyn College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tetyana Kendzerska
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Perundurai S. Dhandapany
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India
| | - Gregory M. Brown
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel P. Cardinali
- BIOMED-UCA-CONICET and Department of Teaching and Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Xiao L, Miwa N. Hydrogen-rich water achieves cytoprotection from oxidative stress injury in human gingival fibroblasts in culture or 3D-tissue equivalents, and wound-healing promotion, together with ROS-scavenging and relief from glutathione diminishment. Hum Cell 2016; 30:72-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s13577-016-0150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Xiao L, Miwa N. The Lipophilic Vitamin C Derivative, 6-O-Palmitoylascorbate Protects Human Keratinocytes and 3D-Human Skin Equivalents Against X-Ray-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis More Markedly Than L-Ascorbic Acid. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:318-329. [PMID: 27350661 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate preventive effects of the lipophilic vitamin C derivative, 6-O-palmitoylascorbate (PlmtVC) against X-ray radiation-induced harmful events. Free radical scavenging activity tests showed that both fresh and old (being kept at 37°C for 72 h) solutions of PlmtVC showed significantly higher abilities for scavenging both DPPH and peroxyl radical (ROO·) radicals than L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) under the same conditions, suggesting that PlmtVC is an antioxidant more efficient and stable than L-AA. Irradiation with X-ray (15 Gy) increased intracellular ROS production, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation, in human keratinocytes HaCaT, all of which were repressed, especially for intracellular ROS more markedly, by PlmtVC than by L-AA. After X-ray (15 Gy)-irradiation, caspase 3/7 activation and TUNEL-detected DNA-strand-breakages characteristic of apoptosis obviously increased in HaCaT cells or 3D-skin tissue equivalents, respectively, both of which were prevented more appreciably by PlmtVC than by L-AA. PlmtVC also noticeably prevented cumene hydroperoxide-induced generation of cellular ROS in epidermis parts of 3D-skin equivalents. Thus, PlmtVC prevents X-ray-induced diverse harmful effects, through its antioxidant activity and the palmitoyl moiety-based lipophilicity, more efficiently than L-AA. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 318-329, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Miwa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Radiological Technology, Butsuryo College of Osaka, Otorikitamachi 3-33, Nishi-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 593-8328, Japan
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Paterniti I, Cordaro M, Esposito E, Cuzzocrea S. The antioxidative property of melatonin against brain ischemia. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 16:841-8. [PMID: 27108742 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1182020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This review briefly summarizes some of the large amount of data documenting the ability of melatonin to limit molecular and organ tissue damage in neural ischemia-reperfusion injury (stroke), where free radicals are generally considered as being responsible for much of the resulting tissue destruction. AREA COVERED Melatonin actions that have been identified include its ability to directly neutralize a number of toxic reactants and stimulate antioxidative enzymes. Furthermore, several of its metabolites such as N(1)-acetyl-N(2)-formyl-5- methoxykynuramine (AFMK) and N(1)-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMF), are themselves scavengers suggesting that there is a cascade of reactions that greatly increase the efficacy of melatonin. Expert Commentary: However, the mechanisms by which melatonin is protective in such widely diverse areas of the cell and different organs are likely not yet all identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Paterniti
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- a Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy.,b Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science , Saint Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
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Zhao XM, Hao HS, Du WH, Zhao SJ, Wang HY, Wang N, Wang D, Liu Y, Qin T, Zhu HB. Melatonin inhibits apoptosis and improves the developmental potential of vitrified bovine oocytes. J Pineal Res 2016; 60:132-41. [PMID: 26485053 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitrification of oocytes has been shown to be closely associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic events. However, little information is available the effect of melatonin on the ROS levels and apoptotic events in vitrified oocytes. Therefore, we studied the effect of melatonin on ROS and apoptotic events in vitrified bovine oocytes by supplementing vitrification solution or in vitro maturation (IVM) and vitrification solution with 10(-9) m melatonin. We analyzed the ROS, mitochondrial Ca(2+) (mCa(2+) ) and membrane potential (ΔΨm), externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS), caspase-3 activation, DNA fragmentation, mRNA expression levels of Bax and Bcl2 l1, and developmental potential of vitrified bovine oocytes. Vitrified bovine oocytes exhibited increased levels of ROS, mCa(2+) , Bax mRNA, and caspase-3 protein and higher rates of PS externalization and DNA fragmentation, and decreased ΔΨm and Bcl2 l1 mRNA expression level. However, melatonin supplementation in vitrification solution or IVM and vitrification solution significantly decreased the levels of ROS, mCa(2+) , Bax mRNA expression, and caspase-3 protein, and PS externalization and DNA fragmentation rates, and increased the ΔΨm and Bcl2 l1 mRNA expression level in vitrified oocytes, resulting in an increased developmental ability of vitrified bovine oocytes after parthenogenetic activation. The developmental ability of vitrified oocytes with melatonin supplementation in IVM and vitrification solution was similar to that of fresh ones. This study showed that supplementing the IVM and vitrification medium or vitrification medium with 10(-9) m melatonin significantly decreased the ROS level and inhibited apoptotic events of vitrified bovine oocytes, consequently increasing their developmental potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ming Zhao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Sheng Hao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Hua Du
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Jiang Zhao
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Yu Wang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Na Wang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Tong Qin
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Bin Zhu
- Embryo Biotechnology and Reproduction Laboratory, Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
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Ganie SA, Dar TA, Bhat AH, Dar KB, Anees S, Zargar MA, Masood A. Melatonin: A Potential Anti-Oxidant Therapeutic Agent for Mitochondrial Dysfunctions and Related Disorders. Rejuvenation Res 2015; 19:21-40. [PMID: 26087000 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2015.1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in cellular physiology. Besides their classic function of energy metabolism, mitochondria are involved in multiple cell functions, including energy distribution through the cell, energy/heat modulation, regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium homeostasis, and control of apoptosis. Simultaneously, mitochondria are the main producer and target of ROS with the result that multiple mitochondrial diseases are related to ROS-induced mitochondrial injuries. Increased free radical generation, enhanced mitochondrial inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, enhanced nitric oxide (NO) production, decreased respiratory complex activity, impaired electron transport system, and opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores have all been suggested as factors responsible for impaired mitochondrial function. Because of these, neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), and aging, are caused by ROS-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions. Melatonin, the major hormone of the pineal gland, also acts as an anti-oxidant and as a regulator of mitochondrial bioenergetic function. Melatonin is selectively taken up by mitochondrial membranes, a function not shared by other anti-oxidants, and thus has emerged as a major potential therapeutic tool for treating neurodegenerative disorders. Multiple in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown the protective role of melatonin for preventing oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction seen in experimental models of PD, AD, and HD. With these functions in mind, this article reviews the protective role of melatonin with mechanistic insights against mitochondrial diseases and suggests new avenues for safe and effective treatment modalities against these devastating neurodegenerative diseases. Future insights are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- 1 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir Srinagar , India
| | - Tanveer Ali Dar
- 1 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir Srinagar , India
| | - Aashiq Hussain Bhat
- 1 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir Srinagar , India
| | - Khalid B Dar
- 1 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir Srinagar , India
| | - Suhail Anees
- 1 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir Srinagar , India
| | | | - Akbar Masood
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir Srinagar , India
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Manchester LC, Coto-Montes A, Boga JA, Andersen LPH, Zhou Z, Galano A, Vriend J, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Melatonin: an ancient molecule that makes oxygen metabolically tolerable. J Pineal Res 2015; 59:403-19. [PMID: 26272235 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 641] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is remarkably functionally diverse with actions as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant, circadian rhythm regulator, anti-inflammatory and immunoregulating molecule, and as an oncostatic agent. We hypothesize that the initial and primary function of melatonin in photosynthetic cyanobacteria, which appeared on Earth 3.5-3.2 billion years ago, was as an antioxidant. The evolution of melatonin as an antioxidant by this organism was necessary as photosynthesis is associated with the generation of toxic-free radicals. The other secondary functions of melatonin came about much later in evolution. We also surmise that mitochondria and chloroplasts may be primary sites of melatonin synthesis in all eukaryotic cells that possess these organelles. This prediction is made on the basis that mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotes developed from purple nonsulfur bacteria (which also produce melatonin) and cyanobacteria when they were engulfed by early eukaryotes. Thus, we speculate that the melatonin-synthesizing actions of the engulfed bacteria were retained when these organelles became mitochondria and chloroplasts, respectively. That mitochondria are likely sites of melatonin formation is supported by the observation that this organelle contains high levels of melatonin that are not impacted by blood melatonin concentrations. Melatonin has a remarkable array of means by which it thwarts oxidative damage. It, as well as its metabolites, is differentially effective in scavenging a variety of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. Moreover, melatonin and its metabolites modulate a large number of antioxidative and pro-oxidative enzymes, leading to a reduction in oxidative damage. The actions of melatonin on radical metabolizing/producing enzymes may be mediated by the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway. Beyond its direct free radical scavenging and indirect antioxidant effects, melatonin has a variety of physiological and metabolic advantages that may enhance its ability to limit oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien C Manchester
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jose Antonio Boga
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lars Peter H Andersen
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Annia Galano
- Departamento de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Jerry Vriend
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MA, Canada
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Tan DX, Manchester LC, Esteban-Zubero E, Zhou Z, Reiter RJ. Melatonin as a Potent and Inducible Endogenous Antioxidant: Synthesis and Metabolism. Molecules 2015; 20:18886-906. [PMID: 26501252 PMCID: PMC6332205 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201018886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a tryptophan-derived molecule with pleiotropic activities. It is present in almost all or all organisms. Its synthetic pathway depends on the species in which it is measured. For example, the tryptophan to melatonin pathway differs in plants and animals. It is speculated that the melatonin synthetic machinery in eukaryotes was inherited from bacteria as a result of endosymbiosis. However, melatonin's synthetic mechanisms in microorganisms are currently unknown. Melatonin metabolism is highly complex with these enzymatic processes having evolved from cytochrome C. In addition to its enzymatic degradation, melatonin is metabolized via pseudoenzymatic and free radical interactive processes. The metabolic products of these processes overlap and it is often difficult to determine which process is dominant. However, under oxidative stress, the free radical interactive pathway may be featured over the others. Because of the complexity of the melatonin degradative processes, it is expected that additional novel melatonin metabolites will be identified in future investigations. The original and primary function of melatonin in early life forms such as in unicellular organisms was as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant. During evolution, melatonin was selected as a signaling molecule to transduce the environmental photoperiodic information into an endocrine message in multicellular organisms and for other purposes as well. As an antioxidant, melatonin exhibits several unique features which differ from the classic antioxidants. These include its cascade reaction with free radicals and its capacity to be induced under moderate oxidative stress. These features make melatonin a potent endogenously-occurring antioxidant that protects organisms from catastrophic oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Health Science Center, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Lucien C Manchester
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Health Science Center, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Eduardo Esteban-Zubero
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Health Science Center, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Health Science Center, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Health Science Center, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Parameyong A, Govitrapong P, Chetsawang B. Melatonin attenuates the mitochondrial translocation of mitochondrial fission proteins and Bax, cytosolic calcium overload and cell death in methamphetamine-induced toxicity in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Mitochondrion 2015; 24:1-8. [PMID: 26176977 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is an addictive drug that can cause toxicity and degeneration in the brain. Several pieces of evidence have demonstrated that METH toxicity results in increases in oxidative stress that regulate an intracellular signaling cascade that leads to cell death. Recently, several studies have emphasized that the overload of cytosolic calcium levels and mitochondrial fission into a small mitochondrial structure is involved in cell death processes. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of METH toxicity on cytosolic calcium overload and mitochondrial fission in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, the protective effect of melatonin against METH-induced toxicity was also investigated. The results of the present study demonstrated that METH significantly decreases cell viability and increases the levels of mitochondrial fission (Fis1 and Drp1) proteins and pro-apoptotic protein, Bax in isolated mitochondria. The levels of Drp1 in the cytosol of METH-treated cells had no significant differences compared to the control untreated cells. METH also significantly increased the cytosolic calcium levels. Melatonin reversed the toxic effects of METH by restoring cell viability and inhibiting the increase in mitochondrial Fis1 levels and the mitochondrial translocation of Drp1 and Bax. Additionally, melatonin was able to reduce the METH-induced increase in cytosolic calcium levels and fragmented mitochondria into small globular structures in SH-SY5Y cells. The results of the present study demonstrate the potential abilities of melatonin to maintain the homeostasis of mitochondrial dynamics and cytosolic calcium levels in METH-induced toxicity in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Parameyong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; Center for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Banthit Chetsawang
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
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47
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Tang ST, Su H, Zhang Q, Tang HQ, Wang CJ, Zhou Q, Wei W, Zhu HQ, Wang Y. Melatonin Attenuates Aortic Endothelial Permeability and Arteriosclerosis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2015; 21:82-92. [PMID: 25944844 DOI: 10.1177/1074248415583090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of diabetic macrovascular complications is a multifactorial process, and melatonin may possess cardiovascular protective properties. This study was designed to evaluate whether melatonin attenuates arteriosclerosis and endothelial permeability by suppressing the myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK)/myosin light-chain phosphorylation (p-MLC) system via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway or by suppressing the myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit phosphorylation (p-MYPT)/p-MLC system in diabetes mellitus (DM). Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, including control, high-fat diet, DM, and DM + melatonin groups. Melatonin was administered (10 mg/kg/d) by gavage for 12 weeks. The DM significantly increased the serum fasting blood glucose and lipid levels, as well as insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction, which were attenuated by melatonin therapy to various extents. Importantly, the aortic endothelial permeability was significantly increased in DM rats but was dramatically reversed following treatment with melatonin. Our findings further indicated that hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia enhanced the expressions of MLCK, p-MYPT, and p-MLC, which were partly associated with decreased membrane type 1 expression, increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, and increased p38 expression. However, these changes in protein expression were also significantly reversed by melatonin. Thus, our results are the first to demonstrate that the endothelial hyperpermeability induced by DM is associated with increased expressions of MLCK, p-MYPT, and p-MLC, which can be attenuated by melatonin at least partly through the ERK/p38 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-tao Tang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Su
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-qin Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chang-jiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua-qing Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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48
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Hardeland R, Cardinali DP, Brown GM, Pandi-Perumal SR. Melatonin and brain inflammaging. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 127-128:46-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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49
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Galano A, Medina ME, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Melatonin and its metabolites as copper chelating agents and their role in inhibiting oxidative stress: a physicochemical analysis. J Pineal Res 2015; 58:107-16. [PMID: 25424557 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The copper sequestering ability of melatonin and its metabolites cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin (3OHM), N(1) -acetyl-N(2) -formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK), and N(1) -acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK) was investigated within the frame of the Density Functional Theory. It was demonstrated that these compounds are capable of chelating copper ions, yielding stable complexes. The most likely chelation sites were identified. Two different mechanisms were modeled, the direct-chelation mechanism (DCM) and the coupled-deprotonation-chelation mechanism (CDCM). It is proposed that, under physiological conditions, CDCM would be the main chelation route for Cu(II). It was found that melatonin and its metabolites fully inhibited the oxidative stress induced by Cu(II)-ascorbate mixtures, via Cu(II) chelation. In the same way, melatonin, AFMK, and 3OHM also prevented the first step of the Haber-Weiss reaction, consequently turning off the ˙OH production via the Fenton reaction. Therefore, it is proposed that, in addition to the previously reported free radical scavenging cascade, melatonin is also involved in a concurrent 'chelating cascade', thereby contributing to a reduction in oxidative stress. 3OHM was identified as the most efficient of the studied compounds for that purpose, supporting the important role of this metabolite in the beneficial effects of melatonin against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México, D. F, México
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50
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Ortiz F, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Doerrier C, Dayoub JC, López LC, Venegas C, García JA, López A, Volt H, Luna-Sánchez M, Escames G. Melatonin blunts the mitochondrial/NLRP3 connection and protects against radiation-induced oral mucositis. J Pineal Res 2015; 58:34-49. [PMID: 25388914 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucositis is a common and distressing side effect of chemotherapy or radiotherapy that has potentially severe consequences, and no treatment is available. The purpose of this study was to analyze the molecular pathways involved in the development of oral mucositis and to evaluate whether melatonin can prevent this pathology. The tongue of male Wistar rats was subjected to irradiation (X-ray YXLON Y.Tu 320-D03 irradiator; the animals received a dose of 7.5 Gy/day for 5 days). Rats were treated with 45 mg/day melatonin or vehicle for 21 days postirradiation, either by local application into their mouths (melatonin gel) or by subcutaneous injection. A connection between reactive oxygen species, generating mitochondria and the NLRP3 (NLR-related protein 3 nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing receptor-related protein 3) inflammasome, has been reported in mucositis. Here, we show that mitochondrial oxidative stress, bioenergetic impairment and subsequent NLRP3 inflammasome activation are involved in the development of oral mucositis after irradiation and that melatonin synthesized in the rat tongue is depleted after irradiation. The application of melatonin gel restores physiological melatonin levels in the tongue and prevents mucosal disruption and ulcer formation. Melatonin gel protects the mitochondria from radiation damage and blunts the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling activation in the tongue. Our results suggest new molecular pathways involved in radiotherapy-induced mucositis that are inhibited by topical melatonin application, suggesting a potential preventive therapy for mucositis in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ortiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, and RETICEF, Granada, Spain
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