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Ait Abdellah S, Gal C, Guinobert I, Bardot V, Raverot V, Vitacca A, Blondeau C, Claustrat B. Melatonin Bioavailability After Oral Administration of a New Delayed-Release Form in Healthy Male Volunteers. Drugs R D 2024:10.1007/s40268-024-00482-6. [PMID: 39174857 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-024-00482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two main types of galenic formulation, immediate release and prolonged release, have been developed to optimize melatonin bioavailability. We recently described the kinetic profile of a prolonged-release form generating a peak of plasma melatonin 1 h (Tmax) after intake, followed by a prolonged decay over time. We have developed a new oral form of melatonin with the aim of producing a melatonin peak several hours after intake. OBJECTIVE The objective is to investigate melatonin bioavailability after administration of this new delayed-release form (DR form). METHODS In this single-centre open-label study, 12 healthy male volunteers received one tablet of the DR form containing 1.9 mg melatonin, 10 mg zinc and 200 mg lemon balm extract (Melissa officinalis L aerial parts). Blood samples were collected for 12 h, beginning at 8:00 am. Plasma concentrations of melatonin and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SMT), the main hepatic melatonin metabolite, were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS A progressive increase in plasma melatonin concentrations was observed from 20 min and a peak about 3 h after intake (Cmax 740 ± 824 pg/mL; Tmax 179 ± 60 min). Concentrations remained high between 140 and 220 min, the concentration remaining physiologically significant (over 100 pg/mL) up to 7 h after intake. The DR form was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS The melatonin release profile was consistent with what was anticipated for the DR form. The DR form generated a 2 h delayed Tmax compared with a prolonged-release form previously evaluated. This suggests that the DR form is suitable for the treatment of certain sleep disorders such as short sleep duration or early awakening. TRIAL REGISTRY Registration number: NCT05419466.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Gal
- PiLeJe Laboratoire, 31-35 rue de la Fédération, 75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Valérie Bardot
- PiLeJe Industrie, Les Tiolans, 03800, Saint-Bonnet-de-Rochefort, France
| | - Véronique Raverot
- Laboratoire d'Hormonologie CBPE-Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices civils de Lyon, 59 bd Pinel, 69677, Bron, France
| | - Annarita Vitacca
- PiLeJe Laboratoire, 31-35 rue de la Fédération, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Claude Blondeau
- PiLeJe Laboratoire, 31-35 rue de la Fédération, 75015, Paris, France
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Yeom JW, Cho CH. Herbal and Natural Supplements for Improving Sleep: A Literature Review. Psychiatry Investig 2024; 21:810-821. [PMID: 39086164 PMCID: PMC11321869 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2024.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Herbal and natural supplements have gained popularity as alternative treatments to insomnia and sleep disorders due to their perceived safety and potential effectiveness. This literature review summarizes the current evidence on the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action of commonly used supplements for sleep, including valerian, hops, kava, German chamomile, cherry, tryptophan, theanine, melatonin, magnesium, and zinc. METHODS We conducted literature review of clinical research on herbal and supplements for sleep reported to date. We summarized key findings and reviewed outcomes related to clinical efficacy and side effects. RESULTS Findings suggest that certain supplements, particularly valerian, hops, and melatonin, could be effective in improving sleep quality and reducing insomnia symptoms through modulation of neurotransmitter systems and regulation of sleep-wake cycles. However, the strength of the evidence varies with unestablished optimal dosages, formulations, and treatment durations. Although generally considered safe, these supplements are not without risks, such as rare but serious adverse effects associated with kava and potential interactions with prescription medications. The quality and purity of supplements also vary widely due to a lack of strict regulations. CONCLUSION Healthcare providers should remain informed about the latest research and work closely with patients to develop personalized treatment plans. Herbal and natural supplements may offer promising alternatives or adjunct treatments for insomnia and sleep disorders, but their use should be guided by the best available evidence and individual patient requirements. Larger, well-designed clinical trials are needed to establish the efficacy and safety of these supplements for clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Yeom
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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Frost R, Mathew S, Thomas V, Uddin S, Salame A, Vial C, Cohen T, Bhamra SK, Alvarez JCB, Bhanu C, Heinrich M, Walters K. A scoping review of over-the-counter products for depression, anxiety and insomnia in older people. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:275. [PMID: 39033116 PMCID: PMC11264918 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression, anxiety, and insomnia are prevalent in older people and are associated with increased risk of mortality, dependency, falls and reduced quality of life. Prior to or whilst seeking treatment, older people often manage these symptoms or conditions using products purchased over the counter (OTC), such as medication or herbal products. This review aims to map the evidence available for OTC medications, herbal medicines and dietary supplements for depression, anxiety and insomnia in older adults. METHODOLOGY We carried out a scoping review, including searches of five databases to identify relevant randomised controlled trials (inception-Dec 2022). We took an inclusive approach to products to represent the wide range that may be available online. Trials were summarised according to condition and product. RESULTS We included 47 trials and 10 ongoing trial protocols. Most targeted insomnia (n = 25), followed by depression (n = 20), and mixed conditions (n = 2). None evaluated products targeted at anxiety alone. Where reported, most products appeared to be safe for use, but studies rarely included people with multiple comorbidities or taking concomitant medication. Some types of melatonin for insomnia (n = 19) and omega-3 fatty acids for depression (n = 7) had more substantive evidence compared to the other products. CONCLUSION There is a substantial gap in evidence for OTC products for anxiety in older people. This should be addressed in future trials. Research should also focus on products that are widely used, and these need to be tested in older populations that are similar to those who would use them in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Frost
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK.
- School of Public and Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, 312 Tithebarn Building, Tithebarn Street, Liverpool, L2 2ER, UK.
| | - Silvy Mathew
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Verity Thomas
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sayem Uddin
- UCL Medical School, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adriana Salame
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Cini Bhanu
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Heinrich
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kate Walters
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
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4
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Pachimsawat P, Ratanachamnong P, Jantaratnotai N. Exogenous melatonin's effect on salivary cortisol and amylase: A randomized controlled trial. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1205. [PMID: 38764237 PMCID: PMC11103136 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of acute exogenous melatonin administration on salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase (sCort and sAA) as representatives of the HPA axis and the sympathetic nervous system, respectively. A single-dose prolonged-release melatonin (2 mg) or a placebo tablet was given to healthy volunteers (n = 64) at 20:00 h in a crossover design. The saliva was collected at six time points (20:00, 21:00, awakening, 30 min after awakening, 10:00, and 12:00 h) and was measured for sCort, sAA, and salivary melatonin (sMT) levels. Pulse rates and sleep parameters were also collected. Melatonin was effective in improving sleep onset latency by 7:04 min (p = .037) and increasing total sleep time by 24 min (p = .006). Participants with poor baseline sleep quality responded more strongly to melatonin than participants with normal baseline sleep quality as they reported more satisfaction in having adequate sleep (p = .017). Melatonin administration resulted in higher sCort levels at awakening time point (p = .023) and a tendency of lower sAA levels but these were not significant. Melatonin ingestion at 20:00 h resulted in a marked increase in sMT levels at 21:00 h and remained higher than baseline up to at least 10:00 h (p < .001). Melatonin increases sCort levels at certain time point with a tendency to lower sAA levels. These opposing effects of melatonin suggested a complex interplay between melatonin and these biomarkers. Also, the results confirmed the positive acute effect of a single-dose melatonin on sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praewpat Pachimsawat
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
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Argalious MY. Melatonin as a component of bundled prevention strategies for postoperative delirium. Minerva Anestesiol 2024; 90:473-475. [PMID: 38869260 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.24.18170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Maged Y Argalious
- Department of Anesthesiology, Integrated Hospital Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA -
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6
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Niu YL, Li YK, Gao CX, Li WW, Li L, Wang H, Shen W, Ge W. Melatonin promotes hair regeneration by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Cell Prolif 2024:e13656. [PMID: 38773710 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) is a circadian hormone that reportedly influences the development and cyclic growth of secondary hair follicles; however, the mechanism of regulation remains unknown. Here, we systematically investigated the role of MLT in hair regeneration using a hair depilation mouse model. We found that MLT supplementation significantly promoted hair regeneration in the hair depilation mouse model, whereas supplementation of MLT receptor antagonist luzindole significantly suppressed hair regeneration. By analysing gene expression dynamics between the MLT group and luzindole-treated groups, we revealed that MLT supplementation significantly up-regulated Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway-related genes. In-depth analysis of the expression of key molecules in the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway revealed that MLT up-regulated the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in dermal papillae (DP), whereas these effects were facilitated through mediating Wnt ligand expression levels in the hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). Using a DP-HFSCs co-culture system, we verified that MLT activated Wnt/β-catenin signalling in DPs when co-cultured with HFSCs, whereas supplementation of DP cells with MLT alone failed to activate Wnt/β-catenin signalling. In summary, our work identified a critical role for MLT in promoting hair regeneration and will have potential implications for future hair loss treatment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Kang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen-Xi Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen-Wen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Smorodin E, Chuzmarov V, Veidebaum T. The Potential of Integrative Cancer Treatment Using Melatonin and the Challenge of Heterogeneity in Population-Based Studies: A Case Report of Colon Cancer and a Literature Review. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:1994-2023. [PMID: 38668052 PMCID: PMC11049198 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31040149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a multifunctional hormone regulator that maintains homeostasis through circadian rhythms, and desynchronization of these rhythms can lead to gastrointestinal disorders and increase the risk of cancer. Preliminary clinical studies have shown that exogenous melatonin alleviates the harmful effects of anticancer therapy and improves quality of life, but the results are still inconclusive due to the heterogeneity of the studies. A personalized approach to testing clinical parameters and response to integrative treatment with nontoxic and bioavailable melatonin in patient-centered N-of-1 studies deserves greater attention. This clinical case of colon cancer analyzes and discusses the tumor pathology, the adverse effects of chemotherapy, and the dynamics of markers of inflammation (NLR, LMR, and PLR ratios), tumors (CEA, CA 19-9, and PSA), and hemostasis (D-dimer and activated partial thromboplastin time). The patient took melatonin during and after chemotherapy, nutrients (zinc, selenium, vitamin D, green tea, and taxifolin), and aspirin after chemotherapy. The patient's PSA levels decreased during CT combined with melatonin (19 mg/day), and melatonin normalized inflammatory markers and alleviated symptoms of polyneuropathy but did not help with thrombocytopenia. The results are analyzed and discussed in the context of the literature on oncostatic and systemic effects, alleviating therapy-mediated adverse effects, association with survival, and N-of-1 studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugeniy Smorodin
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Paldiski mnt 80, 10617 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Valentin Chuzmarov
- 2nd Surgery Department, General Surgery and Oncology Surgery Centre, North Estonia Medical Centre, J. Sütiste Str. 19, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Paldiski mnt 80, 10617 Tallinn, Estonia;
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8
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Glebezdina NS, Nekrasova IV, Olina AA, Sadykova GK, Kuklina EM. Differentiation of T cells producing interleukin-17 (Th17) against the background of exogenous melatonin during pregnancy. J Pineal Res 2023; 75:e12904. [PMID: 37602527 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The population of T lymphocytes producing IL-17 (Th17) plays a dual role during pregnancy and its activity is tightly controlled during this period. One of the factors involved in this process may be the pineal hormone melatonin, which can effectively regulate this T cell population. Here we have shown that exogenous melatonin in pharmacological concentrations is able to enhance the differentiation of Th17 cells of pregnant women in vitro. The stimulatory effects of melatonin were limited to in the first trimester of pregnancy and were apparently mediated by both membrane and nuclear melatonin receptors. Since exogenous melatonin is currently considered as a promising drug in solving various problems associated with reproduction, it is necessary to take into account its immunoregulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Sergeevna Glebezdina
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Perm Federal Research Center, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Valerievna Nekrasova
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Perm Federal Research Center, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Alexandrovna Olina
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institute "The Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology named after D. O. Ott", St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 1, Perm State Medical University named after E. A. Wagner of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Perm, Russian Federation
| | - Gulnara Kamilyevna Sadykova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 1, Perm State Medical University named after E. A. Wagner of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Perm, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Michajlovna Kuklina
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Perm Federal Research Center, Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russian Federation
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Maruani J, Reynaud E, Chambe J, Palagini L, Bourgin P, Geoffroy PA. Efficacy of melatonin and ramelteon for the acute and long-term management of insomnia disorder in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13939. [PMID: 37434463 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin has gained growing interest as a treatment of insomnia, despite contradictory findings, and a low level of evidence. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA criteria, to assess the efficacy of melatonin and ramelteon compared with placebo on sleep quantity and quality in insomnia disorder, while also considering factors that may impact their efficacy. This review included 22 studies, with 4875 participants, including 925 patients treated with melatonin, 1804 treated with ramelteon and 2297 receiving a placebo. Most studies evaluated the acute efficacy of prolonged release (PR) melatonin in insomnia disorder. Compared with placebo, PR melatonin appears efficacious with a small to medium effect size on subjective sleep onset latency (sSOL) (p = 0.031; weighted difference = -6.30 min), objective sleep onset latency (oSOL) (p < 0.001; weighted difference = -5.05 min), and objective sleep efficiency (oSE) (p = 0.043; weighted difference = 1.91%). For the subgroup mean age of patients ≥55, PR melatonin was efficacious on oSE with a large effect size (p < 0.001; weighted difference = 2.95%). Ramelteon was efficacious with a large effect size at 4 weeks on objective total sleep time (oTST) (p = 0.010; weighted difference = 17.9 min), subjective total sleep time (sTST) (p = 0.006; weighted difference = 11.7 min), sSOL (p = 0.009; weighted difference = -8.74 min), and oSOL (p = 0.017; weighted difference = -14 min). Regarding long-term effects, ramelteon has a large effect size on oTST (p < 0.001; weighted difference = 2.02 min) and sTST (p < 0.001; weighted difference = 14.5 min). PR melatonin and ramelteon appear efficacious compared with placebo for insomnia symptoms with PR melatonin showing mostly small to medium effect sizes. PR melatonin for individuals with a mean age ≥ 55 and ramelteon show larger effect sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Maruani
- Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hopital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
- Centre ChronoS, GHU Paris - Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Eve Reynaud
- Sleep Disorders Center - CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology), University Hospital of Strasbourg 1, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS UPR 3212 & Strasbourg University, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Strasbourg, France
| | - Juliette Chambe
- CNRS UPR 3212 & Strasbourg University, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Strasbourg, France
- General Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laura Palagini
- Department of Clinical Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Unit, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrice Bourgin
- Sleep Disorders Center - CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology), University Hospital of Strasbourg 1, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS UPR 3212 & Strasbourg University, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre A Geoffroy
- Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hopital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
- Centre ChronoS, GHU Paris - Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Paris, France
- Sleep Disorders Center - CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology), University Hospital of Strasbourg 1, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS UPR 3212 & Strasbourg University, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Strasbourg, France
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10
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Martorina W, Tavares A. Glycemic Variability in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): The Role of Melatonin in a Crossover, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3523. [PMID: 37630714 PMCID: PMC10458393 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may be associated with chronic complications of the disease. Melatonin is a hormone that plays a crucial role in biological rhythms. Previous studies have indicated that individuals with T2DM often exhibit reduced melatonin production. In this study, our objective was to investigate whether nighttime melatonin supplementation could mitigate glycemic variability in these patients. METHODS Crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. A total of 30 patients were enrolled in this study. The study included 15 participants who followed the intervention sequence of placebo (7 days)-washout (7 days)-melatonin (3 mg) (7 days), and another 15 participants who followed the sequence of melatonin (3 mg) (7 days)-washout (7 days)-placebo (7 days). During the final three days of the first and third weeks, the participants measured their pre- and postprandial capillary blood glucose levels. This study was reported according to the CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomized crossover trials. RESULTS There was a significant absolute difference in the breakfast blood glucose levels (p = 0.016) on Day 7. The use of melatonin determined a greater positive variation between pre- and postprandial glycemia than the placebo. The difference in glycemic amplitude between post-dinner Day 6 and pre-breakfast Day 7 was also significantly higher in the melatonin group (p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Melatonin increased glycemic variability in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These results can be attributed to the residual daytime effects of melatonin, prospective proximal effects, and damage to the prospective distal effects of exogenous melatonin. Therefore, caution should be exercised when administering melatonin supplementation to patients with T2DM, taking into consideration factors such as dosage, duration of use and genetic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Martorina
- Neuroscience Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil;
| | - Almir Tavares
- Neuroscience Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil;
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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Mun JG, Wang D, Doerflein Fulk DL, Fakhary M, Gualco SJ, Grant RW, Mitmesser SH. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Study to Investigate the Pharmacokinetics of Extended-Release Melatonin Compared to Immediate-Release Melatonin in Healthy Adults. J Diet Suppl 2023; 21:182-194. [PMID: 37150895 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2023.2206475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous melatonin can be helpful for treatment of some sleep disorders. However, immediate-release formulations are rapidly absorbed and cleared from the body making it difficult to provide coverage for an entire sleep period. Extended-release melatonin formulations can better mimic the naturally occurring melatonin profile and increase efficacy, but few studies have reported on their pharmacokinetics. To assess the pharmacokinetics of extended-release melatonin, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, crossover study of extended-release melatonin (4 mg) compared to immediate-release melatonin (4 mg) in 18 healthy adults, ages 18-65 years. Participants received immediate-release or extended-release melatonin in clinic after an 8 h fast, and blood samples were taken over a 10-h period. After a 7-day washout period, the same procedures were repeated with the melatonin form not previously received. Extended-release melatonin had a longer time to peak concentration (1.56 vs 0.6 h) and elimination half-life (1.63 vs 0.95 h) compared with immediate-release melatonin. Maximum concentration was lower for extended-release melatonin compared with immediate-release melatonin (7581 pg/mL vs 13120 pg/mL). Extended-release melatonin raised melatonin levels in as little as 15 min and sustained elevated melatonin levels (>300 pg/mL) for 6 h before falling below 50 pg/mL by 9 h. No clinically relevant adverse events were observed, and safety parameters remained within normal ranges for both formulations. The pharmacokinetic profile of this extended-release melatonin formulation suggests that it could be used for future efficacy studies of melatonin and sleep outcomes. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04067791.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Wang
- Pharmavite, LLC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Pan B, Ge L, Lai H, Hou L, Tian C, Wang Q, Yang K, Lu Y, Zhu H, Li M, Wang D, Li X, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Liu M, Ding G, Tian J, Yang K. The Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Insomnia Drugs: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of 153 Randomized Trials. Drugs 2023; 83:587-619. [PMID: 36947394 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01859-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacological treatment is common in practice and widely used for the management of insomnia. However, evidence comparing the relative effectiveness, safety, and certainty of evidence among drug classes and individual drugs for insomnia are still lacking. This study aimed to determine the relative effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of drugs for insomnia. METHODS In this systematic review and network meta-analysis we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, and ClinicalTrials.gov, from inception to January 10, 2022 to identify randomized controlled trials that compared insomnia drugs with placebo or an active comparator in adults with insomnia. We conducted random-effects frequentist network meta-analyses to summarize the evidence, and used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess the certainty, categorize interventionsand present the findings. RESULTS A total of 148 articles met our eligibility criteria; these included 153 trials which enrolled 46,412 participants and assessed 36 individual drugs from eight drug classes. Compared with placebo, both subjectively and objectively measured total sleep time were significantly improved with non-benzodiazepine (subjective: mean difference [MD] 25.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 15.49-34.64, low certainty; objective: MD 22.34, 95% CI 7.64-37.05, high certainty), antidepressants (subjective: MD 54.40, 95% CI 34.96-75.83, low certainty; objective: MD 35.64, 95% CI 13.05-58.24, high certainty), and orexin receptor antagonists (subjective: MD 21.62, 95% CI 0.84-42.40, high certainty; objective: MD 31.81, 95% CI 2.66-60.95, high certainty); of which doxepin, almorexant, suvorexant, and lemborexant were among the relatively effective drugs with relatively good tolerability and lower risks of any adverse events (AEs). Both subjectively and objectively measured sleep onset latency were significantly shortened with non-benzodiazepines (subjective: MD - 10.12, 95% CI - 13.84 to - 6.40, moderate certainty; objective: MD - 12.11, 95% CI - 19.31 to - 4.90, moderate certainty) and melatonin receptor agonists (subjective: MD - 7.73, 95% CI - 15.21 to - 0.26, high certainty; objective: MD - 7.04, 95% CI - 12.12 to - 1.95, moderate certainty); in particular, zopiclone was among the most effective drugs with a lower risk of any AEs but worse tolerability. Non-benzodiazepines could significantly decrease both subjective and objective measured wake time after sleep onset (subjective: MD - 16.67, 95% CI - 21.79 to - 11.56, moderate certainty; objective: MD - 13.92, 95% CI - 22.71 to - 5.14, moderate certainty). CONCLUSIONS Non-benzodiazepines probably improve total sleep time, sleep onset latency, and wake time after sleep onset. Other insomnia drug classes and individual drugs also showed potential benefits in improving insomnia symptoms. However, the choice of insomnia drugs should be based on the phenotype of insomnia presented, as well as each drug's safety and tolerability. Protocol registration PROSPERO (CRD42019138790).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Pan
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Long Ge
- Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Honghao Lai
- Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Liangying Hou
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chen Tian
- Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kelu Yang
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Centre for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yao Lu
- Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongfei Zhu
- Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Deren Wang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuxia Li
- Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ming Liu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Guowu Ding
- Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jinhui Tian
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kehu Yang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Evidence-Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.
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Chronic Administration of Melatonin: Physiological and Clinical Considerations. Neurol Int 2023; 15:518-533. [PMID: 36976674 PMCID: PMC10053496 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Exogenous melatonin is commonly used to treat insomnia, other sleep problems, and numerous medical illnesses, including Alzheimer’s disease, autism spectrum disorder, and mild cognitive impairment in adults and children. There is evolving information regarding issues with the use of chronic melatonin. Methods: The present investigation was a narrative review. Results: Melatonin usage has risen dramatically in recent years. Many countries only allow melatonin prescriptions. In the United States (U.S.), it is classified as a dietary supplement accessible over the counter and can be derived from animals, microorganisms, or, most commonly, made synthetically. No regulatory agency oversees its manufacturing or sale in the U.S. melatonin concentration of marketed preparations varies widely between product labels and manufacturers. Melatonin’s ability to induce sleep is detectable. However, it is modest for most people. Sleep length appears to be less important in sustained-release preparations. The optimal dosage is unknown, and routinely used amounts vary substantially. Melatonin’s short-term negative effects are minimal, resolve at medicine cessation, and do not usually prevent usage overall. Much research on long-term melatonin administration has found no difference between exogenous melatonin and placebo in terms of long-term negative effects. Conclusion: Melatonin at low to moderate dosages (approximately 5–6 mg daily or less) appears safe. Long-term usage appears to benefit certain patient populations, such as those with autism spectrum disorder. Studies investigating potential benefits in reducing cognitive decline and increased longevity are ongoing. However, it is widely agreed that the long-term effects of taking exogenous melatonin have been insufficiently studied and warrant additional investigation.
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Bioavailability of Oniria ®, a Melatonin Prolonged-Release Formulation, Versus Immediate-Release Melatonin in Healthy Volunteers. Drugs R D 2022; 22:235-243. [PMID: 35918587 PMCID: PMC9433621 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-022-00394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melatonin is an endogenous substance which plays a key role in sleep induction by reducing sleep onset latency; it has been approved by the European Food Safety Authority as a food supplement for exogenous administration. Oniria® is a food supplement formulated as 1.98 mg of prolonged-release melatonin tablets; it displays a dual dissolution profile in vitro. Objectives The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the relative oral bioavailability of Oniria®, in comparison with immediate-release tablets (IRT) with a similar melatonin content as a reference. We also attempted to characterize the circadian rhythm of endogenous melatonin. Methods We performed an open-label, cross-over, randomized, phase I clinical study with two sequences and three periods involving 14 healthy volunteers. We characterized the endogenous melatonin circadian profile (period 1) and pharmacokinetics (PK) of both Oniria® and the reference melatonin (periods 2 and 3). Results Two phases were clearly differentiated in the PK profile of Oniria®. An initial one, from dosing up to 2 h, and a delayed one from 2 to 11 h post-administration. During the initial phase, both melatonin formulations were equivalent, with a Cmax value close to 4000 pg/mL. However, in the delayed phase, Oniria® showed significantly higher melatonin concentrations than the IRT (three times higher at 4–6 h post-administration). Moreover, Oniria® exhibited concentrations above the endogenous melatonin peak of 80 pg/mL for up to 2.5 h versus the reference formulation, potentially suggesting an effect of Oniria®, not only in the induction of sleep, but also in the maintenance. Conclusion Oniria® could be a highly promising food supplement, not only for sleep induction but also for the maintenance of sleep.
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15
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Zhao Y, Shao G, Liu X, Li Z. Assessment of the Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin for the Treatment of Osteoporosis Through a Narrative Review of Its Signaling and Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:866625. [PMID: 35645810 PMCID: PMC9130700 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.866625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a bioamine produced primarily in the pineal gland, although peripheral sites, including the gut, may also be its minor source. Melatonin regulates various functions, including circadian rhythm, reproduction, temperature regulation, immune system, cardiovascular system, energy metabolism, and bone metabolism. Studies on cultured bone cells, preclinical disease models of bone loss, and clinical trials suggest favorable modulation of bone metabolism by melatonin. This narrative review gives a comprehensive account of the current understanding of melatonin at the cell/molecular to the systems levels. Melatonin predominantly acts through its cognate receptors, of which melatonin receptor 2 (MT2R) is expressed in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoblasts (bone-forming), and osteoclasts (bone-resorbing). Melatonin favors the osteoblastic fate of MSCs, stimulates osteoblast survival and differentiation, and inhibits osteoclastogenic differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. Produced from osteoblastic cells, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) critically regulate osteoclastogenesis and melatonin by suppressing the osteoclastogenic RANKL, and upregulating the anti-osteoclastogenic OPG exerts a strong anti-resorptive effect. Although the anti-inflammatory role of melatonin favors osteogenic function and antagonizes the osteoclastogenic function with the participation of SIRT signaling, various miRNAs also mediate the effects of the hormone on bone cells. In rodent models of osteoporosis, melatonin has been unequivocally shown to have an anti-osteoporotic effect. Several clinical trials indicate the bone mass conserving effect of melatonin in aging/postmenopausal osteoporosis. This review aims to determine the possibility of melatonin as a novel class of anti-osteoporosis therapy through the critical assessment of the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guoxi Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengwei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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16
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Rommasi F, Nasiri MJ, Mirsaeidi M. Immunomodulatory agents for COVID-19 treatment: possible mechanism of action and immunopathology features. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:711-726. [PMID: 35013850 PMCID: PMC8747854 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus pandemic has emerged as one of the significant medical-health challenges of the current century. The World Health Organization has named this new virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since the first detection of SARS-CoV-2 in November 2019 in Wuhan, China, physicians, researchers, and others have made it their top priority to find drugs and cures that can effectively treat patients and reduce mortality rates. The symptoms of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) include fever, dry cough, body aches, and anosmia. Various therapeutic compounds have been investigated and applied to mitigate the symptoms in COVID-19 patients and cure the disease. Degenerative virus analyses of the infection incidence and COVID-19 have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 penetrates the pulmonary alveoli's endothelial cells through Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on the membrane, stimulates various signaling pathways and causes excessive secretion of cytokines. The continuous triggering of the innate and acquired immune system, as well as the overproduction of pro-inflammatory factors, cause a severe condition in the COVID-19 patients, which is called "cytokine storm". It can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in critical patients. Severe and critical COVID-19 cases demand oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilator support. Various drugs, including immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive agents (e.g., monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and interleukin antagonists) have been utilized in clinical trials. However, the studies and clinical trials have documented diverging findings, which seem to be due to the differences in these drugs' possible mechanisms of action. These drugs' mechanism of action generally includes suppressing or modulating the immune system, preventing the development of cytokine storm via various signaling pathways, and enhancing the blood vessels' diameter in the lungs. In this review article, multiple medications from different drug families are discussed, and their possible mechanisms of action are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foad Rommasi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Javad Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Yuhas PT. Non-24-Hour Sleep–Wake Disorder and Tasimelteon: A Review for Practitioners Who Work with Blind People. JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0145482x211072521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction This narrative review summarizes the biology of human circadian rhythms; details the epidemiology, clinical manifestation, and diagnosis of non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder (N24SWD); and reviews the efficacy of possible treatments. Methods Searches of targeted phrases, such as “non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder” and “tasimelteon,” were conducted on PubMed between December 2016 and March 2020. Results As the world’s population ages, health practitioners frequently work with people who are blind. Damage to the retinal ganglion cells that signal environmental irradiance levels to the suprachiasmatic nucleus prevents many of these individuals from synchronizing their internal clocks to the 24-hour day. As a result, they experience a condition called N24SWD, where the body’s circadian rhythms fall in and out of phase with the solar cycle. The ability to fall asleep and remain asleep is a complex process that depends on many variables, including the release of the neurohormone melatonin. Melatonin is produced at night and is a key regulator of regular sleep cycles. Periods of interrupted sleep, increased sleep latency, and reduced total sleep time occur when melatonin production peaks during daytime. Thus, many persons with N24SWD have difficulty maintaining normal schedules due in part to the mistimed release of melatonin. Randomized clinical trials have shown that melatonin receptor agonist tasimelteon is an effective therapy for individuals with N24SWD. Other treatments have varying efficacy profiles. Conclusions Although rare, N24SWD is a serious condition that can impair quality of life for blind persons. Tasimelteon appears to be a safe and efficacious treatment option. Implications for practitioners Practitioners can use this information to better understand why blind persons often report difficulties sleeping and to realize that therapeutic options are available to these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip T. Yuhas
- College of Optometry, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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18
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Khan ZA, Hong PJS, Lee CH, Hong Y. Recent Advances in Electrochemical and Optical Sensors for Detecting Tryptophan and Melatonin. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6861-6888. [PMID: 34675512 PMCID: PMC8521600 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s325099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan and melatonin are pleiotropic molecules, each capable of influencing several cellular, biochemical, and physiological responses. Therefore, sensitive detection of tryptophan and melatonin in pharmaceutical and human samples is crucial for human well-being. Mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis are common methods for both tryptophan and melatonin analysis; however, these methods require copious amounts of time, money, and manpower. Novel electrochemical and optical detection tools have been subjects of intensive research due to their ability to offer a better signal-to-noise ratio, high specificity, ultra-sensitivity, and wide dynamic range. Recently, researchers have designed sensitive and selective electrochemical and optical platforms by using new surface modifications, microfabrication techniques, and the decoration of diverse nanomaterials with unique properties for the detection of tryptophan and melatonin. However, there is a scarcity of review articles addressing the recent developments in the electrochemical and optical detection of tryptophan and melatonin. Here, we provide a critical and objective review of high-sensitivity tryptophan and melatonin sensors that have been developed over the past six years (2015 onwards). We review the principles, performance, and limitations of these sensors. We also address critical aspects of sensitivity and selectivity, limit and range of detection, fabrication process and time, durability, and biocompatibility. Finally, we discuss challenges related to tryptophan and melatonin detection and present future outlooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Ahmad Khan
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam, 50834, Korea
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam, 50834, Korea
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-Aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam, 50834, Korea
| | - Paul Jung-Soo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Newton South High School, Newton, MA, 02459, USA
| | - Christina Hayoung Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Yonggeun Hong
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam, 50834, Korea
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam, 50834, Korea
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-Aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam, 50834, Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeong-nam, 50834, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School-Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Wang S, Li J, He Y, Ran Y, Lu B, Gao J, Shu C, Li J, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Hao Y. Protective effect of melatonin entrapped PLGA nanoparticles on radiation-induced lung injury through the miR-21/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120584. [PMID: 33887395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a complication commonly found in victims suffering from nuclear accidents and patients treated with chest tumor radiotherapy, and drugs are limited for effective prevention and treatment. Melatonin (MET) has an anti-radiation effect, but its metabolic period in the body is short. In order to prolong the metabolism period of MET, we prepared MET entrapped poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (MET/PLGANPS) for the treatment of RILI. As a result, the release rate of MET/PLGANPS in vitro was lower than MET, with stable physical properties, and it caused no changes in histopathology and biochemical indicators. After 2 weeks and 16 weeks of irradiation with the dose of 15 Gy, MET and MET/PLGANPS could reduce the expression of caspase-3 proteins, inflammatory factors, TGF-β1 and Smad3 to alleviate radiation-induced lung injury. MET/PLGANPS showed better therapeutic effect on RILI than MET. In addition, we also found that high expression of miR-21 could increase the expression levels of TGF-β1, and inhibit the protective effect of MET/PLGANPS. In conclusion, MET/PLGANPS may alleviate RILI by inhibiting the miR-21/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway, which would provide a new target for the treatment of radiation-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yingjuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yonghong Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Binghui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jining Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chang Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yazhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Chongqing Normal University, No.37, Middle University Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yuhui Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Konečná B, Chobodová P, Janko J, Baňasová L, Bábíčková J, Celec P, Tóthová Ľ. The Effect of Melatonin on Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052390. [PMID: 33673616 PMCID: PMC7957695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic disease with a complex etiology that includes bacterial colonization, excessive inflammation, and oxidative stress. The hormone melatonin has antioxidant properties and might contribute to alleviating chronic conditions by reducing oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of exogenous melatonin on periodontitis in an animal model of the disease as well as in patients with periodontitis. METHODS In rats with ligature-induced periodontitis, melatonin was administered in drinking water for two weeks. In the human study, patients with treatment-resistant periodontitis were asked to rinse their mouths with a solution containing melatonin or placebo every evening for two weeks. Periodontal status as well as salivary markers of oxidative stress were assessed at the end of the study. RESULTS Neither radiography nor μCT revealed any significant effects of melatonin on alveolar bone loss. Gum recession was the only improved macroscopic measure in rats (p < 0.05). Analysis of salivary markers of oxidative stress revealed no effects of treatment in rats or humans despite clearly elevated melatonin concentrations in melatonin treated groups. CONCLUSION Our results do not support the use of melatonin for the treatment of periodontitis. However, the negative outcome is limited by the short duration of the study and the chosen route of application as well as the dose of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Konečná
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.K.); (P.C.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Paulína Chobodová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.K.); (P.C.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Jakub Janko
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.K.); (P.C.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Lenka Baňasová
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Comenius University, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Janka Bábíčková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.K.); (P.C.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (P.C.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.K.); (P.C.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (P.C.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľubomíra Tóthová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.K.); (P.C.); (J.J.); (J.B.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-59357371; Fax: +421-2-59357631
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21
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Wang L, McFadden JW, Yang G, Zhu H, Lian H, Fu T, Sun Y, Gao T, Li M. Effect of melatonin on visceral fat deposition, lipid metabolism and hepatic lipo-metabolic gene expression in male rats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:787-796. [PMID: 33486831 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) influences lipid metabolism in animals; however, the mechanistic effect of melatonin on liver fat and abdominal adipose deposition requires further clarity. In order to study the effects of melatonin on lipid metabolism, and hepatic fat and abdominal adipose deposition in animals, twenty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of 6 weeks of age with similar bodyweight were randomly divided into two groups: control (CTL) and MT-treated (10 mg/kg/day). During a 60-day experiment, food intake and bodyweight were measured daily and weekly respectively. At the end of treatment, blood samples were collected to collect plasma to quantify hormones and metabolic indicators of lipid metabolism. In addition, organ and abdominal adipose depots including liver, and omental, perirenal, and epididymal fat were weighed. Liver tissue was sampled for sectioning, long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) quantification, and gene chip and Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. The results showed that liver weight and index (ratio of liver weight to body weight) in MT group reduced by 20.69% and 9.63% respectively; omentum weight and index reduced by 59.88% and 54.93% respectively, and epididymal fat weight reduced by 45.34% (p = 0.049), relative to CTL. Plasma lipid indices, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) with MT treatment decreased significantly compared with the control. Fat and 8 LCFA content in liver in MT group also decreased. Gene chip and qPCR demonstrated that there were 289 genes up-regulated and 293 genes down-regulated by MT. Further analysis found that the mRNA expression of lipolysis-related genes increased, while the mRNA expression of lipogenesis-related enzymes decreased (p < 0.05) with MT. This study concluded that melatonin greatly affected fat deposition, and hepatic LCFA supply and the expression of genes associated with lipogenesis and lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Gaiqing Yang
- Modern Experimental Technique and Management Centre, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Heshui Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tong Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tengyun Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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22
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Moroni I, Garcia-Bennett A, Chapman J, Grunstein RR, Gordon CJ, Comas M. Pharmacokinetics of exogenous melatonin in relation to formulation, and effects on sleep: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 2021; 57:101431. [PMID: 33549911 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is conflicting evidence on the clinical efficacy of exogenous melatonin for the treatment of sleep disorders. This may be due to differences in the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of melatonin formulations used in clinical trials. The aim of this systematic review was to understand the relationship between melatonin formulations and PK parameters and, where possible, the effects on sleep outcomes. To this purpose, we conducted a systematic review and nineteen papers were included. The studies included three melatonin transdermal formulation, thirteen oral formulations, one topical, two buccal, two intravenous and two nasogastric formulations. Seven studies investigated the effect of the melatonin formulation on sleep and six of them found a significant improvement in one or more sleep parameters. The potential for an improved controlled release formulation that delays maximum concentration (Cmax) was identified. The different formulations and doses affect melatonin PK, suggesting that treatment efficacy maybe affected. Based on the current evidence, we are unable to provide recommendations of specific melatonin formulations and PK parameters for specific sleep disorders. Future studies should systematically investigate how different PK parameters of melatonin formulations affect efficacy treatment of sleep as well as circadian disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Moroni
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alfonso Garcia-Bennett
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julia Chapman
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald R Grunstein
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher J Gordon
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Comas
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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23
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Chojnacki C, Mędrek-Socha M, Konrad P, Chojnacki J, Błońska A. The value of melatonin supplementation in postmenopausal women with Helicobacter pylori-associated dyspepsia. BMC Womens Health 2020; 20:262. [PMID: 33243209 PMCID: PMC7691069 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyspeptic syndrome is particularly common in postmenopausal women in the form of epigastric pain. The aim of the study was to assess the role of melatonin in chronic dyspepsia in this group of women, and examine the role of Helicobacter infection. METHODS The study comprised 152 subjects including 30 healthy women (Group I), 60 women with asymptomatic H.pylori infection (Group II), and 64 women with H. pylori infection with chronic dyspepsia (Group III). Endoscopic examination was performed, as well as histological assessment of gastric end duodenal mucosa, urease breath test (UBT-13C), and immunoenzymatic assessment of serum 17-β-estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone and melatonin, and urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin. In Group III, 14-day antibacterial treatment was introduced with pantoprazole, amoxicillin and levofloxacin followed a six-month treatment with placebo in 32 women (Group IIIa), and melatonin 1 mg/morning and 3 mg/at bedtime in the other 32 women (Group IIIb). RESULTS No significant differences were found between serum level of female hormone. Serum melatonin levels were similar between Group I (12.5 ± 2.72 pg/ml) and Group II (10.5 ± 3.73 pg/ml; p > 0,05). The level was significantly lower in Group III (5.72 ± 1.42 pg/ml; p < 0.001). Eradication of H.pylori was obtained in 75.0% women in Group IIIa, and in 84.3% in Group IIIb (p > 0.05). After six months, dyspeptic symptoms resolved in 43.7% patients in Group IIIa and 84.3% in Group IIIb (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Melatonin supplementation is useful in treating H. pylori-associated dyspepsia, particularly in postmenopausal women with lower levels of this hormone. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04352062, date of registration: 15.04.2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics of Medical University, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Mędrek-Socha
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics of Medical University, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Konrad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics of Medical University, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jan Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics of Medical University, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Błońska
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics of Medical University, Lodz, Poland.
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24
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Kennaway DJ. Melatonin rich foods in our diet: food for thought or wishful thinking? Food Funct 2020; 11:9359-9369. [PMID: 33170194 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin continues to generate interest in the scientific community and the general public. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the possibility that melatonin present in human foods may have physiological effects. This has led to the promotion of "melatonin-rich" foods and "phyto-melatonin". The night time secretion of endogenous melatonin from the pineal gland provides a daily circadian signal which is detected by receptors in various tissues. In animals the changing circadian pattern of melatonin secretion across seasons is important to them to program their reproductive behaviours to ensure optimal reproductive success, while in humans it probably plays a prominent role in anchoring sleep to the night period. When melatonin is administered in non-physiological, milligram amounts to humans, the onset of sleep can be manipulated and in larger doses anti-oxidant properties may emerge. Melatonin-rich foods are considered in this context too, but the question remains whether the amounts of melatonin in the food can be expected to be high enough to realistically change sleep or have antioxidant properties. In this review, papers reporting the effects of ingestion of melatonin-rich food on plasma or saliva melatonin or its urinary metabolite are critically evaluated. Unfortunately many of the papers are compromised by poor experimental design and assay methodologies and uncritical evaluation of results. The conclusion drawn from this review is that it is wishful thinking to expect that the amount of melatonin in "melatonin-rich" foods will impact on sleep or have any other physiological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Kennaway
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Health and Medical Science Building, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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25
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Imamura S, Tabuchi M, Oizumi H, Ueki T, Omiya Y, Ikarashi Y, Mizoguchi K. Yokukansankachimpihange, a traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicine, enhances the adaptation to circadian rhythm disruption by increasing endogenous melatonin levels. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 144:129-138. [PMID: 32921394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicines yokukansan (YKS) and yokukansankachimpihange (YKSCH) have similar formulas and the same indications. In animals or cultured cells, the neuropharmacological actions of YKS are sometimes more beneficial than those of YKSCH. Since both drugs are used to treat sleep disorders in Japan, we examined the ameliorative effects of YKS and YKSCH on circadian rhythm disturbance and compared their efficacy using a mouse model of circadian rhythm disruption. Ramelteon was used as the positive control. Ramelteon treatment significantly reversed decreased running wheel activity during the advanced dark phase, indicating facilitation of circadian adaptation. YKS treatment also reversed the activity in the early period of drug treatment; however, it was not statistically significant. YKSCH treatment significantly reversed the decreased activity during the advanced dark phase. Plasma melatonin (MT) levels were significantly increased in the YKSCH but not in the YKS group. The ameliorative effect of YKSCH on rhythm disruption was significantly inhibited by coadministration of the MT2 receptor antagonist. Therefore, the therapeutic effect of YKSCH on circadian rhythm disruption would be attributable, to elevated endogenous MT levels. Taken together, YKS and YKSCH have different pharmacological properties and may be more precisely prescribed depending on patients' psychological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Imamura
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Tabuchi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Oizumi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ueki
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Yuji Omiya
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ikarashi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
| | - Kazushige Mizoguchi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan
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26
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Delgado-Lara DL, González-Enríquez GV, Torres-Mendoza BM, González-Usigli H, Cárdenas-Bedoya J, Macías-Islas MA, de la Rosa AC, Jiménez-Delgado A, Pacheco-Moisés F, Cruz-Serrano JA, Ortiz GG. Effect of melatonin administration on the PER1 and BMAL1 clock genes in patients with Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110485. [PMID: 32768967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disorders are a widespread condition in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), which has been linked to a deregulation of the circadian cycle and therefore of the clock genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin (MEL) on the PER1 and BMAL1 clock genes in patients with PD. A double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial pilot study was conducted in 26 patients with stage 1-3 PD according to the Hoehn & Yahr scale, who received either 25 mg of MEL or a placebo at noon and 30 min before bedtime for three months. The relative expression of the PER1 and BMAL1 genes was measured, as well as the presence of daytime, nocturnal, and global sleepiness, and the progression of PD. The levels of the PER1 and BMAL1 genes at baseline were 0.9 (0.1-3) vs. 0.56 (0.1-2.5), respectively; while after the intervention with MEL or placebo the BMAL1 levels increased to 2.5 (0-3.70) vs. 2.2 (0.10-3.30), respectively (d = 0.387). Fifty percent (50 %) of patients had daytime sleepiness and sixty-five percent (65 %) had abnormal nighttime sleepiness, yet neither group showed changes after the intervention. Patients with PD exhibited an alteration in the levels of the clock genes: MEL increased the levels of BMAL1, but the PER1 levels remained unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Delgado-Lara
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - G V González-Enríquez
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - B M Torres-Mendoza
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Division of Neurosciences, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - H González-Usigli
- Department of Neurology, Sub-Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - J Cárdenas-Bedoya
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - M A Macías-Islas
- Department of Neurosciences, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - A Celis de la Rosa
- Department of Public Health, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - A Jiménez-Delgado
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - F Pacheco-Moisés
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - G G Ortiz
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Department of Neurology, Sub-Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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27
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Kennaway DJ. Measuring melatonin by immunoassay. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12657. [PMID: 32281677 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pineal gland hormone melatonin continues to be of considerable interest to biomedical researchers. Of particular interest is the pattern of secretion of melatonin in relation to sleep timing as well as its potential role in certain diseases. Measuring melatonin in biological fluids such as blood and saliva presents particular methodological challenges since the production and secretion of the hormone are known to be extremely low during the light phase in almost all situations. Active secretion only occurs around the time of lights out in a wide range of species. The challenge then is to develop practical high-throughput assays that are sufficiently sensitive and accurate enough to detect levels of melatonin less than 1 pg/mL in biological fluids. Mass spectrometry assays have been developed that achieve the required sensitivity, but are really not practical or even widely available to most researchers. Melatonin radioimmunoassays and ELISA have been developed and are commercially available. But the quality of the results that are being published is very variable, partly not only because of poor experimental designs, but also because of poor assays. In this review, I discuss issues around the design of studies involving melatonin measurement. I then provide a critical assessment of 21 immunoassay kits marketed by 11 different companies with respect to validation, specificity and sensitivity. Technical managers of the companies were contacted in an attempt to obtain information not available online or in kit inserts. A search of the literature was also conducted to uncover papers that have reported the use of these assays, and where possible, both daytime and night-time plasma or saliva melatonin concentrations were extracted and tabulated. The results of the evaluations are disturbing, with many kits lacking any validation studies or using inadequate validation methods. Few assays have been properly assessed for specificity, while others report cross-reaction profiles that can be expected to result in over estimation of the melatonin levels. Some assays are not fit for purpose because they are not sensitive enough to determine plasma or saliva DLMO of 10 and 3 pg/mL, respectively. Finally, some assays produce unrealistically high daytime melatonin levels in humans and laboratory animals in the order of hundreds of pg/mL. In summary, this review provides a comprehensive and unique assessment of the current commercial melatonin immunoassays and their use in publications. It provides researchers new to the field with the information they need to design valid melatonin studies from both the perspective of experimental/clinical trial design and the best assay methodologies. It will also hopefully help journal editors and reviewers who may not be fully aware of the pitfalls of melatonin measurement make better informed decisions on publication acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Kennaway
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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28
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Han Y, Wu J, Qin Z, Fu W, Zhao B, Li X, Wang W, Sha T, Sun M, Li J, Zeng Z, Chen Z. Melatonin and its analogues for the prevention of postoperative delirium: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12644. [PMID: 32145098 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It remains unclear whether melatonin and its analogues prevent postoperative delirium (POD). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of melatonin and its analogues on POD prevention. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase and CINAHL databases were searched. Primary outcome was the incidence of POD. Six randomized controlled trials, 2 cohort studies and 1 case-control study were included in this meta-analysis. Results showed that melatonin and its analogue ramelteon decreased the incidence of POD in the entire adult surgical population (odds ratio [OR] = 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24-0.84, P = .01). When administered at a higher dose (5 mg), melatonin was effective in reducing the POD incidence (OR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.20-0.52, P < .00001). Melatonin administered less than 5 elimination half-lives before the surgery significantly reduced the POD incidence (OR = 0.31, 95% CI 0.19-0.49, P < .00001). Current literature supports the effectiveness of melatonin and its analogue ramelteon in POD prevention. However, the present study was limited by the significant heterogeneity of the included studies. More studies are needed to ascertain the preventive effect of melatonin and its analogues on the incidence of delirium after cardiac and noncardiac surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyang Han
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaisheng Qin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Fu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingcheng Zhao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Northwest University for Nationalities, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Sha
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maomao Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongqing Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Shahrokhirad R, Haddadi S, Ansar MM. Response to Letter to Editor by Dr. Aminnejad et al. Anesth Pain Med 2020; 9:e97558. [PMID: 32280621 PMCID: PMC7118444 DOI: 10.5812/aapm.97558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Shahrokhirad
- Anesthesiology Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Al-Zahral Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht , Iran
| | - Soudabeh Haddadi
- Anesthesiology Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Al-Zahral Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht , Iran
| | - Malek Moien Ansar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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30
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Peck J, Urits I, Zeien J, Hoebee S, Mousa M, Alattar H, Kaye AD, Viswanath O. A Comprehensive Review of Over-the-counter Treatment for Chronic Migraine Headaches. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2020; 24:19. [PMID: 32200435 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-020-00852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Migraine headaches are a neurologic disorder characterized by attacks of moderate to severe throbbing headache that are typically unilateral, exacerbated by physical activity, and associated with phonophobia, photophobia, nausea, and vomiting. In the USA, the overall age-adjusted prevalence of migraine in female and male adults is 22.3% and 10.8%, respectively. RECENT FINDINGS Migraine is a disabling disease that ranks as the 8th most burdensome disease in the world and the 4th most in women. The overarching hypothesis of migraine pathophysiology describes migraine as a disorder of the pain modulating system, caused by disruptions of the normal neural networks of the head. The activation of these vascular networks results in meningeal vasodilation and inflammation, which is perceived as head pain. The primary goals of acute migraine therapy are to reduce attack duration and severity. Current evidence-based therapies for acute migraine attacks include acetaminophen, four nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), seven triptans, NSAID-triptan combinations, dihydroergotamine, non-opioid combination analgesics, and several anti-emetics. Over-the-counter medications are an important component of migraine therapy and are considered a first-line therapy for most migraineurs. These medications, such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin, have shown strong efficacy when used as first-line treatments for mild-to-moderate migraine attacks. The lower cost of over-the-counter medications compared with prescription medications also makes them a preferred therapy for some patients. In addition to their efficacy and lower cost, over-the-counter medications generally have fewer and less severe adverse effects, have more favorable routes of administration (oral vs. subcutaneous injection), and reduced abuse potential. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive evidence-based update of over-the-counter pharmacologic options for chronic migraines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelin Peck
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, 4300 Alton Road, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA.
| | - Ivan Urits
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin Zeien
- University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Shelby Hoebee
- University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mohammad Mousa
- University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Hamed Alattar
- University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neurosciences, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Omar Viswanath
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
- Valley Anesthesiology and Pain Consultants, Envision Physician Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Ng KT, Teoh WY, Khor AJ. The effect of melatonin on delirium in hospitalised patients: A systematic review and meta-analyses with trial sequential analysis. J Clin Anesth 2020; 59:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Noori Siahdasht F, Farhadian N, Karimi M, Hafizi L. Enhanced delivery of melatonin loaded nanostructured lipid carriers during in vitro fertilization: NLC formulation, optimization and IVF efficacy. RSC Adv 2020; 10:9462-9475. [PMID: 35497203 PMCID: PMC9050139 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10867j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the potential of melatonin hormone loaded in nanostructured lipid carriers (Mel-NLCs) in the in vitro fertilization (IVF) environment is investigated by measuring the appropriate IVF parameters on the oocytes of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nafiseh Farhadian
- Chemical Engineering Department
- Faculty of Engineering
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
- Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimi
- Department of Emergency Medicine
- Faculty of Medicine
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
- Ahvaz
- Iran
| | - Leili Hafizi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Faculty of Medicine
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
- Mashhad
- Iran
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He L, Cui X, Xia Q, Li F, Mo J, Gong J, Zhang Y, Zhang J(J. Effects of personal air pollutant exposure on oxidative stress: Potential confounding by natural variation in melatonin levels. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 223:116-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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The Effect of Melatonin Upon Postacute Withdrawal Among Males in a Residential Treatment Program (M-PAWS): A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial. J Addict Med 2019; 12:201-206. [PMID: 29351138 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess the effect of melatonin (5 mg) compared with placebo as an adjuvant treatment along with current behavioral and pharmacotherapy for 28 days on weekly self-reported severity of anxiety, depression, stress, and sleep complaints, and also how sleep is affecting daily life in males 18 years of age and older in recovery from substance use at a residential program in south-western Pennsylvania. BACKGROUND Individuals in recovery experience a variety of symptoms including, but are not limited to, anxiety, depression, sleep difficulties, and stress. In the U.S., melatonin is a readily available nutraceutical that is used to alleviate sleep difficulties. Studies also suggest that melatonin may also have anxiolytic and antidepressive actions alone, as well as in those with co-morbid insomnia. Observation of clinicians treating individuals during and/or post drug cessation indicated that melatonin is commonly provided specifically to alleviate sleep difficulties with little evidence regarding efficacy in this population. The paucity of evidence as well as observation of clinical practices provided the rationale for this randomized clinical trial. METHODS A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial was conducted. Seventy individuals were enrolled, block-randomized with an allocation ratio of 1:1. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed for all primary outcome measures. Primary outcome measures were assessed with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Personal Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-8), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and Pittsburgh Sleep Symptom Questionnaire-Insomnia (PSSQ-1). Secondary outcome measures were to acquire participant characteristics, determine adherence, and document adverse events. RESULTS No statistically significant between-group differences were detected for baseline characteristics. Even though the proportion of individuals reporting an adverse event between groups was not significantly different, the frequency of reported adverse events was greater in the melatonin group. Intention-to-treat analysis for all the measured outcomes revealed no statistically significant between-group differences for same day comparisons. CONCLUSIONS The diversity of medication regimens, and also the services provided by the residential treatment site add to the complexity of assessing the efficacy of melatonin on the measured outcomes. Given these limitations, there exists insufficient evidence to suggest that the effect of melatonin and placebo on the outcomes were significantly different.
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35
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Kennaway DJ. A critical review of melatonin assays: Past and present. J Pineal Res 2019; 67:e12572. [PMID: 30919486 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There has been increased interest in the measurement of melatonin in plasma and saliva recently either as a marker of circadian phase or to understand the physiological role of melatonin. For both situations, there is a need for a specific assay for melatonin that is sensitive enough to detect low concentrations (<2 pg/mL). Since the mid-1970s, there have been many assays developed to measure melatonin in blood and saliva. Radioimmunoassays and ELISA have predominated because of their relative simplicity and high throughput. In this review, I show that the early radioimmunoassays while providing valuable information about nocturnal melatonin levels in humans, generally produced inaccurate basal (daytime) levels. Mass spectrometry assays, however, have provided us with the target values that immunoassays need to achieve, that is, daytime plasma melatonin levels <1 pg/mL. There are now many contemporary commercial assays available utilising both RIA and ELISA technologies, but not all achieve the standards set by the mass spectrometry assays. The performance of these assays is reviewed. I conclude with recommendations on issues researchers need to consider when conducting melatonin studies, including the importance of time of day of collection, validation of assays, the potential causes of poor assay specificity at low levels, the advantages/disadvantages of using saliva vs plasma and extraction assays vs direct assays, kit manufacturers responsibilities and the reporting requirements when publishing melatonin studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Kennaway
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Aliasgharzadeh A, Farhood B, Amini P, Saffar H, Motevaseli E, Rezapoor S, Nouruzi F, Shabeeb DH, Eleojo Musa A, Mohseni M, Moradi H, Najafi M. Melatonin Attenuates Upregulation of Duox1 and Duox2 and Protects against Lung Injury following Chest Irradiation in Rats. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 21:236-242. [PMID: 31210428 PMCID: PMC6582421 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2019.6207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective The Lung is one of the most radiosensitive organs of the body. The infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes
into the lung is mediated via the stimulation of T-helper 2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13, which play a key role in the
development of fibrosis. It is likely that these cytokines induce chronic oxidative damage and inflammation through the
upregulation of Duox1, and Duox2, which can increase the risk of late effects of ionizing radiation (IR) such as fibrosis and
carcinogenesis. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the possible increase of IL-4 and IL-13 levels, as well as their
downstream genes such as IL4ra1, IL13ra2, Duox1, and Duox2.
Materials and Methods In this experimental animal study, male rats were divided into 4 groups: i. Control, ii. Melatonin-
treated, iii. Radiation, and iv. Melatonin (100 mg/kg) plus radiation. Rats were irradiated with 15 Gy 60Co gamma rays and
then sacrificed after 67 days. The expressions of IL4ra1, IL13ra2, Duox1, and Duox2, as well as the levels of IL-4 and IL-13,
were evaluated. The histopathological changes such as the infiltration of inflammatory cells, edema, and fibrosis were also
examined. Moreover, the protective effect of melatonin on these parameters was also determined.
Results Results showed a 1.5-fold increase in the level of IL-4, a 5-fold increase in the expression of IL4ra1, and
a 3-fold increase in the expressions of Duox1, and Duox2. However, results showed no change for IL-13 and no
detectable expression of IL13ra2. This was associated with increased infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes, and
mast cells. Melatonin treatment before irradiation completely reversed these changes.
Conclusion This study has shown the upregulation of IL-4-IL4ra1-Duox2 signaling pathway following lung irradiation. It
is possible that melatonin protects against IR-induced lung injury via the downregulation of this pathway and attenuation of
inflammatory cells infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Aliasgharzadeh
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Peyman Amini
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hana Saffar
- Clinical and Anatomical Pathologist at Tehran University of Medical Science, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Rezapoor
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Nouruzi
- Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - D Heyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (International Campus), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Mohseni
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Habiballah Moradi
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Electronic Address:
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Neuroprotective Role of the Nrf2 Pathway in Subarachnoid Haemorrhage and Its Therapeutic Potential. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6218239. [PMID: 31191800 PMCID: PMC6525854 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6218239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying poor outcome following subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) are complex and multifactorial. They include early brain injury, spreading depolarisation, inflammation, oxidative stress, macroscopic cerebral vasospasm, and microcirculatory disturbances. Nrf2 is a global promoter of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response and has potential protective effects against all of these mechanisms. It has been shown to be upregulated after SAH, and Nrf2 knockout animals have poorer functional and behavioural outcomes after SAH. There are many agents known to activate the Nrf2 pathway. Of these, the actions of sulforaphane, curcumin, astaxanthin, lycopene, tert-butylhydroquinone, dimethyl fumarate, melatonin, and erythropoietin have been studied in SAH models. This review details the different mechanisms of injury after SAH including the contribution of haemoglobin (Hb) and its breakdown products. It then summarises the evidence that the Nrf2 pathway is active and protective after SAH and finally examines the evidence supporting Nrf2 upregulation as a therapy after SAH.
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Glebezdina NS, Olina AA, Nekrasova IV, Kuklina EM. Molecular Mechanisms of Control of Differentiation of Regulatory T-Lymphocytes by Exogenous Melatonin. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2019; 484:13-16. [PMID: 31012003 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672919010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the role of epiphyseal hormone melatonin in the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into regulatory T cells (Treg). The hormone at physiological and pharmacological concentrations inhibited Treg differentiation, decreasing both the proportion of CD4+FOXP3+ cells in the culture and the level of TGF-β, the key cytokine for this T cell subpopulation. The inhibitory effect of exogenous melatonin was due to its interaction with the membrane receptors MT1 and MT2. At the same time, the signals realized through RORα-the nuclear receptor for melatonin-stimulated Treg formation; however, they were considerably weaker than the signals from the membrane receptors and were overlapped by the latter. Since the Treg subpopulation plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes in the body, the revealed effects of melatonin should be taken into account in its therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Glebezdina
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Science, Ural Branch, 614081, Perm, Russia.
| | - A A Olina
- Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductology, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I V Nekrasova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Science, Ural Branch, 614081, Perm, Russia
| | - E M Kuklina
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Science, Ural Branch, 614081, Perm, Russia
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Fernando S, Wallace EM, Vollenhoven B, Lolatgis N, Hope N, Wong M, Lawrence M, Lawrence A, Russell C, Leong K, Thomas P, Rombauts L. Melatonin in Assisted Reproductive Technology: A Pilot Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:545. [PMID: 30283403 PMCID: PMC6157331 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To explore in a small pilot study whether oral melatonin, administered during ovarian stimulation increases clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) after IVF and what dose might be most effective. Methods: Pilot double-blind, dose-finding, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial in private IVF clinics in Australia between September 2014 and September 2016. One hundred and sixty women having their first cycle of IVF or ICSI were randomized to receive placebo (n = 40), melatonin 2 mg (n = 41), melatonin 4 mg (n = 39), or melatonin 8 mg (n = 40) twice per day (BD) during ovarian stimulation. The primary outcome was CPR. Secondary outcomes included serum and follicular fluid (FF) melatonin concentrations, oocyte/embryo quantity/quality, and live birth rate (LBR). Analysis was performed using the intention-to-treat principle. Results: There was no difference in CPR or LBR between any of the four groups (p = 0.5). When all the doses of melatonin were compared as a group with placebo, the CPR was 21.7% for the former and 15.0% for the latter [OR 1.57 (95% CI 0.59, 4.14), p = 0.4]. There were also no differences between the groups in total oocyte number, number of MII oocytes, number of fertilized oocytes, or the number or quality of embryos between the groups. This is despite mean FF melatonin concentration in the highest dose group (8 mg BD) being nine-fold higher compared with placebo (P < 0.001). Conclusion: No significant differences were observed in CPR or oocyte and embryo parameters despite finding a nine-fold increase in FF melatonin concentration. However, this study was not sufficiently powered to assess differences in CPR and therefore, these results should be interpreted with caution. Because this was a small RCT, a beneficial effect of melatonin on IVF pregnancy rates cannot be excluded and merits confirmation in further, larger clinical trials. ANZCTR (http://www.anzctr.org.au/ Project ID: ACTRN12613001317785).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shavi Fernando
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Euan Morrison Wallace
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Beverley Vollenhoven
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Monash IVF, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luk Rombauts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Monash IVF, Richmond, VIC, Australia
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Sleep Medications Containing Melatonin can Potentially Induce Ventricular Arrhythmias in Structurally Normal Hearts: A 2-Patient Report. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2018; 70:267-270. [PMID: 28708714 PMCID: PMC5642341 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (IVAs) are relatively common in the general population and usually have a good prognosis. However, frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) can lower the quality of life (in symptomatic cases) and can cause cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death. In this report, we demonstrate a novel trigger for IVAs. Melatonin use for treating sleep disorders has increased significantly in recent years. We provide here the first human evidence of its proarrhythmic effect by presenting 2 patients (with normal myocardium) with symptomatic PVCs, while on melatonin. Discontinuation of melatonin stopped PVCs in both patients. Our findings highlight the importance of identifying precipitating factors for IVAs.
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Savoca A, Mistraletti G, Manca D. A physiologically-based diffusion-compartment model for transdermal administration – The melatonin case study. Comput Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Melatonin for Atypical Antipsychotic-Induced Metabolic Adverse Effects: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4907264. [PMID: 29682546 PMCID: PMC5841109 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4907264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of our study was to determine the effect of melatonin administration on atypical antipsychotic-induced metabolic adverse effects in patients with psychiatric disorders. A systematic search was performed in PUBMED, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost electronic databases. Randomized controlled trials studying the effect of melatonin on antipsychotic-induced metabolic adverse effects were identified and subjected to meta-analysis. Four studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 57 patients on melatonin and 61 patients on placebo. Melatonin produced a significant decrease in the diastolic blood pressure compared with placebo (mean difference = −4.44 [95% CI, −7.00 to −1.88]; p = 0.0007; I2 = 13%), but not the systolic blood pressure (mean difference = −4.23 [95% CI, −8.11 to −0.36]; p = 0.03; I2 = 0%). Although a decrease in the body mass index was seen in the melatonin group, the difference was not significant in the random-effects analysis model. To conclude, in patients on atypical antipsychotics, melatonin at a dose of up to 5 mg/day for a treatment duration of up to 12 weeks attenuated the rise in diastolic blood pressure compared with placebo but had no significant effects on other metabolic parameters.
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Fernando S, Biggs SN, Horne RSC, Vollenhoven B, Lolatgis N, Hope N, Wong M, Lawrence M, Lawrence A, Russell C, Leong K, Thomas P, Rombauts L, Wallace EM. The impact of melatonin on the sleep patterns of women undergoing IVF: a double blind RCT. Hum Reprod Open 2018; 2017:hox027. [PMID: 30895239 PMCID: PMC6276665 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hox027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does melatonin result in a dose–response effect on sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in women undergoing IVF? SUMMARY ANSWER Melatonin, even when given at high doses twice per day, does not cause significant daytime sleepiness or change night time sleep quantity or quality. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Melatonin is being increasingly used as an adjuvant therapy for women undergoing IVF owing to its antioxidative effects. It is widely considered to be sedative but there are scant objective data on the effects of melatonin on sleep in the setting of IVF. STUDY DESIGN SIZE, DURATION The study was a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial of 116 women recruited between September 2014 and September 2016. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHOD Women who were undergoing their first cycle of IVF at private IVF centers were recruited into the RCT and randomized to receive either placebo, 2 mg, 4 mg or 8 mg of melatonin, twice per day (BD) from Day 2 of their cycle until the day before oocyte retrieval. Each participant wore an accelerometer that provides an estimate of sleep and wake activity for up to 1 week of baseline and throughout treatment (up to 2 weeks). They also kept sleep diaries and completed a Karolinska sleepiness score detailing their night time sleep activity and daytime sleepiness, respectively. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In total, 116 women were included in the intention-to-treat analysis (placebo BD (n = 32), melatonin 2 mg BD (n = 29), melatonin 4 mg BD (n = 26), melatonin 8 mg BD (n = 29)). There were no significant differences in daytime Karolinska sleepiness score between groups (P = 0.4), nor was there a significant dose–response trend (β=0.05, 95% CI −0.22–0.31, P = 0.7). There were no differences in objective measures of sleep quantity or quality, including wake after sleep onset time, sleep onset latency, and sleep efficiency before and after treatment or between groups. There was an improvement in subjective sleep quality scores from baseline to during treatment in all groups, except 8 mg BD melatonin: placebo (percentage change −13.3%, P = 0.01), 2 mg (−14.1%, P = 0.03), 4 mg (−8.6%, P = 0.01) and 8 mg (−7.8%, P = 0.07). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION As this was a subset of a larger trial, the melatonin in ART (MIART) trial, it is possible that the sample size was too small to detect statistically significant differences between the groups. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS While this study suggests that melatonin can be used twice per day at high doses to achieve sustained antioxidation effects, with the reassurance that this will not negatively impact daytime sleepiness or night time sleep habits, the sample size is small and may have missed a clinically significant difference. Nevertheless, our findings may have implications not only for future studies of fertility treatments (including meta-analyses), but also in other medical fields where sustained antioxidation is desired. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was funded by the Monash IVF Research and Education Foundation (PY12_15). S.F. is supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (Postgraduate Scholarship APP1074342) and the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Ella Macknight Memorial Scholarship. E.W. is supported by an National Health and Medical Research Council Program Grant (APP1113902). S.F., E.W., R.H., B.V., N.L., N.H., M.W., M.L., A.L., P.T., K.L. have nothing to declare. L.R. is a Minority shareholder in Monash IVF Group, has unrestricted grants from MSD®, Merck-Serono® and Ferring® and receives consulting fees from Ferring®. S.N.B. reports consulting fees from Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc®, outside the submitted work. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This trial was prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (Project ID: ACTRN12613001317785). TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE 27/11/2013 DATE OF FIRST PATIENT’S ENROLMENT 1/9/2014
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Affiliation(s)
- Shavi Fernando
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright st, Clayton, Victoria3168, Australia.,Monash Women's, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Nichole Biggs
- Paediatrics, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright st, Clayton, Victoria3168, Australia
| | - Rosemary Sylvia Claire Horne
- Paediatrics, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright st, Clayton, Victoria3168, Australia
| | - Beverley Vollenhoven
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.,Monash IVF, 7/89 Bridge rd, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia.,Monash Women's, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Nicole Hope
- Monash IVF, 7/89 Bridge rd, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
| | - Melissa Wong
- Monash IVF, 7/89 Bridge rd, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
| | - Mark Lawrence
- Monash IVF, 7/89 Bridge rd, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
| | | | - Chris Russell
- Monash IVF, 7/89 Bridge rd, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
| | - Kenneth Leong
- Monash IVF, 7/89 Bridge rd, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
| | - Philip Thomas
- Monash IVF, 7/89 Bridge rd, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia.,Monash Women's, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luk Rombauts
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.,Monash IVF, 7/89 Bridge rd, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia.,Monash Women's, Monash Health, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Despite widespread clinical application of melatonin, several unanswered questions remain regarding the pharmacokinetics of this drug. This lack of knowledge may contribute to the inconsistency of results in previous clinical studies. Currently, a t max value of 30-45 min and a t ½elimination of 45 min are well established. Several questions relate to what constitutes a clinically effective plasma concentration, the choice of ideal administration route, and the optimal method of analysis. Furthermore, investigations of melatonin metabolites in humans are urgently needed in order to characterize their biological functions and the metabolic fates of these derivatives. Finally, pharmacokinetics in patients should be investigated further in order to reduce the risk of potential adverse effects, such as daytime sleepiness or unintended sedation.
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Crooke A, Huete-Toral F, Colligris B, Pintor J. The role and therapeutic potential of melatonin in age-related ocular diseases. J Pineal Res 2017; 63. [PMID: 28658514 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The eye is continuously exposed to solar UV radiation and pollutants, making it prone to oxidative attacks. In fact, oxidative damage is a major cause of age-related ocular diseases including cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. As the nature of lens cells, trabecular meshwork cells, retinal ganglion cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and photoreceptors is postmitotic, autophagy plays a critical role in their cellular homeostasis. In age-related ocular diseases, this process is impaired, and thus, oxidative damage becomes irreversible. Other conditions such as low-grade chronic inflammation and angiogenesis also contribute to the development of retinal diseases (glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy). As melatonin is known to have remarkable qualities such as antioxidant/antinitridergic, mitochondrial protector, autophagy modulator, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic, it can represent a powerful tool to counteract all these diseases. The present review analyzes the role and therapeutic potential of melatonin in age-related ocular diseases, focusing on nitro-oxidative stress, autophagy, inflammation, and angiogenesis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Crooke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Group Ocupharm, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Huete-Toral
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Group Ocupharm, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Basilio Colligris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Group Ocupharm, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pintor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Group Ocupharm, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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The Effects of Melatonin on Elevated Liver Enzymes during Statin Treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017. [PMID: 28630863 PMCID: PMC5467275 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3204504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Taking statins can cause increase in the level of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of melatonin in counteracting the adverse hepatic events from statins. Methods. The research program included 60 patients (aged 47–65 years, 41 women and 19 men) with hyperlipidemia taking atorvastatin or rosuvastatin at a dose of 20–40 mg daily. The patients were randomly allocated in two groups. Group I (n = 30) was recommended to take the same statin at a standardized daily dose of 20 mg together with melatonin at a dose of 2 × 5 mg. Group II (n = 30) patients took statin with placebo at the same dose and time of the day. Follow-up laboratory tests (AST, ALT, GGT, and ALP) were evaluated after 2, 4, and 6 months of treatment. Results. In Group I the levels of all enzymes decreased after 6 months, particularly AST, 97,2 ± 19,1 U/L versus 52,8 ± 12,3 U/L (p < 0,001); ALT, 87,4 ± 15,6 U/L versus 49,8 ± 14,5 U/L (p < 0,001); and GGT, 84,1 ± 14,8 U/L versus 59,6 U/L (p < 0,001). Conclusion. Melatonin exerts a hepatoprotective effect in patients taking statins.
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Melatonin inhibits snake venom and antivenom induced oxidative stress and augments treatment efficacy. Acta Trop 2017; 169:14-25. [PMID: 28089603 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Snakebite is a neglected health hazard. Its patho-physiology has largely been focused on systemic and local toxicities; whereas, venom and antivenom induced oxidative stress has long been ignored. Antivenom therapy although neutralizes venom lethality and saves many lives, remains ineffective against oxidative stress. This prompted us to complement antivenom with an antioxidant molecule melatonin that would protect against oxidative stress and increase the efficacy of the existing snakebite therapy. Here we show that D. russelli and E. carinatus venoms induce strong oxidative stress that persists even after antivenom administration in mice model. Additionally, antivenoms also induce oxidative stress. Polyvalent antivenom induce more oxidative stress than monovalent antivenom. Strikingly, antivenom and melatonin together not only inhibit venom and antivenom induced oxidative stress but also significantly reduce the neutralizing antivenom dose. This study provides a therapeutic potential for enhancing the existing snakebite therapy. The combined treatment of antivenom+melatonin would prevent the upsurge of oxidative stress as well as minimize the antivenom load. Thus the investigation offers immense scope for physicians and toxinologists to reinvestigate, design new strategies and think beyond the conventional mode of antivenom therapy.
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48
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Forrestel AC, Miedlich SU, Yurcheshen M, Wittlin SD, Sellix MT. Chronomedicine and type 2 diabetes: shining some light on melatonin. Diabetologia 2017; 60:808-822. [PMID: 27981356 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the circadian timing system drives rhythms of physiology and behaviour, including the daily rhythms of feeding and activity. The timing system coordinates temporal variation in the biochemical landscape with changes in nutrient intake in order to optimise energy balance and maintain metabolic homeostasis. Circadian disruption (e.g. as a result of shift work or jet lag) can disturb this continuity and increase the risk of cardiometabolic disease. Obesity and metabolic disease can also disturb the timing and amplitude of the clock in multiple organ systems, further exacerbating disease progression. As our understanding of the synergy between the timing system and metabolism has grown, an interest has emerged in the development of novel clock-targeting pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction. Recently, the pineal hormone melatonin has received some attention as a potential chronotherapeutic drug for metabolic disease. Melatonin is well known for its sleep-promoting effects and putative activity as a chronobiotic drug, stimulating coordination of biochemical oscillations through targeting the internal timing system. Melatonin affects the insulin secretory activity of the pancreatic beta cell, hepatic glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus have lower night-time serum melatonin levels and increased risk of comorbid sleep disturbances compared with healthy individuals. Further, reduced melatonin levels, and mutations and/or genetic polymorphisms of the melatonin receptors are associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Herein we review our understanding of molecular clock control of glucose homeostasis, detail the influence of circadian disruption on glucose metabolism in critical peripheral tissues, explore the contribution of melatonin signalling to the aetiology of type 2 diabetes, and discuss the pros and cons of melatonin chronopharmacotherapy in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Forrestel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 693, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Susanne U Miedlich
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 693, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Michael Yurcheshen
- UR Medicine Sleep Center, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Steven D Wittlin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 693, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Michael T Sellix
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 693, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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49
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Maiocchi SL, Morris JC, Rees MD, Thomas SR. Regulation of the nitric oxide oxidase activity of myeloperoxidase by pharmacological agents. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 135:90-115. [PMID: 28344126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The leukocyte-derived heme enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) is released extracellularly during inflammation and impairs nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability by directly oxidizing NO or producing NO-consuming substrate radicals. Here, structurally diverse pharmacological agents with activities as MPO substrates/inhibitors or antioxidants were screened for their effects on MPO NO oxidase activity in human plasma and physiological model systems containing endogenous MPO substrates/antioxidants (tyrosine, urate, ascorbate). Hydrazide-based irreversible/reversible MPO inhibitors (4-ABAH, isoniazid) or the sickle cell anaemia drug, hydroxyurea, all promoted MPO NO oxidase activity. This involved the capacity of NO to antagonize MPO inhibition by hydrazide-derived radicals and/or the ability of drug-derived radicals to stimulate MPO turnover thereby increasing NO consumption by MPO redox intermediates or NO-consuming radicals. In contrast, the mechanism-based irreversible MPO inhibitor 2-thioxanthine, potently inhibited MPO turnover and NO consumption. Although the phenolics acetaminophen and resveratrol initially increased MPO turnover and NO consumption, they limited the overall extent of NO loss by rapidly depleting H2O2 and promoting the formation of ascorbyl radicals, which inefficiently consume NO. The vitamin E analogue trolox inhibited MPO NO oxidase activity in ascorbate-depleted fluids by scavenging NO-consuming tyrosyl and urate radicals. Tempol and related nitroxides decreased NO consumption in ascorbate-replete fluids by scavenging MPO-derived ascorbyl radicals. Indoles or apocynin yielded marginal effects. Kinetic analyses rationalized differences in drug activities and identified criteria for the improved inhibition of MPO NO oxidase activity. This study reveals that widely used agents have important implications for MPO NO oxidase activity under physiological conditions, highlighting new pharmacological strategies for preserving NO bioavailability during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Maiocchi
- Mechanisms of Disease & Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jonathan C Morris
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martin D Rees
- Mechanisms of Disease & Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Shane R Thomas
- Mechanisms of Disease & Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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50
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Kalmykova O, Pustovalov A, Vareniuk I, Dzerzhynsky M. Effect of melatonin different time administration on the development of diet-induced obesity in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.17721/2616_6410.2017.23.20-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent years much attention has been paid for study of the melatonin use possibilities for improving obesity comorbidities. The aim of our study was to determine the influence of melatonin different time treatment on body weight changes of dietinduced obesity in rats. The administration by gavage of melatonin in dose 30 mg/kg for 7 weeks had the potential to decrease visceral fat weight, Lee index (both after morning and evening treatment) and body weight gain rate (only after evening dose).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - I. Vareniuk
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
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