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Hong JM, Munna AN, Moon JH, Seol JW, Park SY. Melatonin-mediated calcineurin inactivation attenuates amyloid beta-induced apoptosis. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:336-344. [PMID: 38390232 PMCID: PMC10882114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The accumulation of amyloid beta-peptide is a neuropathological marker of AD. While melatonin is recognized to have protective effects on aging and neurodegenerative disorders, the therapeutic effect of melatonin on calcineurin in AD is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effect and underlying molecular mechanisms of melatonin treatment on amyloid beta-mediated neurotoxicity in neuroblastoma cells. Melatonin treatment decreased calcineurin and autophagy in neuroblastoma cells. Electron microscopy images showed that melatonin inhibited amyloid beta-induced autophagic vacuoles. The increase in the amyloid beta-induced apoptosis rate was observed more in PrPC-expressing ZW cells than in PrPC-silencing Zpl cells. Taken together, the results suggest that by mitigating the effect of calcineurin and autophagy flux activation, melatonin could also rescue amyloid beta-induced neurotoxic effects. These findings may be relevant to therapy for neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Min Hong
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Newaz Munna
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hong Moon
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Seol
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
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2
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Lei X, Xu Z, Huang L, Huang Y, Tu S, Xu L, Liu D. The potential influence of melatonin on mitochondrial quality control: a review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1332567. [PMID: 38273825 PMCID: PMC10808166 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1332567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical for cellular energetic metabolism, intracellular signaling orchestration and programmed death regulation. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with various pathogeneses. The maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and functional recovery after injury are coordinated by mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics and autophagy, which are collectively referred to as mitochondrial quality control. There is increasing evidence that mitochondria are important targets for melatonin to exert protective effects under pathological conditions. Melatonin, an evolutionarily conserved tryptophan metabolite, can be synthesized, transported and metabolized in mitochondria. In this review, we summarize the important role of melatonin in the damaged mitochondria elimination and mitochondrial energy supply recovery by regulating mitochondrial quality control, which may provide new strategies for clinical treatment of mitochondria-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudan Lei
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenni Xu
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingxiao Huang
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujun Huang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyu Tu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dengqun Liu
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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3
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Kapil L, Kumar V, Kaur S, Sharma D, Singh C, Singh A. Role of Autophagy and Mitophagy in Neurodegenerative Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:367-383. [PMID: 36974405 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230327092855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-destructive cellular process that removes essential metabolites and waste from inside the cell to maintain cellular health. Mitophagy is the process by which autophagy causes disruption inside mitochondria and the total removal of damaged or stressed mitochondria, hence enhancing cellular health. The mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, performing essential functions such as ATP (adenosine triphosphate) generation, metabolism, Ca2+ buffering, and signal transduction. Many different mechanisms, including endosomal and autophagosomal transport, bring these substrates to lysosomes for processing. Autophagy and endocytic processes each have distinct compartments, and they interact dynamically with one another to complete digestion. Since mitophagy is essential for maintaining cellular health and using genetics, cell biology, and proteomics techniques, it is necessary to understand its beginning, particularly in ubiquitin and receptor-dependent signalling in injured mitochondria. Despite their similar symptoms and emerging genetic foundations, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have all been linked to abnormalities in autophagy and endolysosomal pathways associated with neuronal dysfunction. Mitophagy is responsible for normal mitochondrial turnover and, under certain physiological or pathological situations, may drive the elimination of faulty mitochondria. Due to their high energy requirements and post-mitotic origin, neurons are especially susceptible to autophagic and mitochondrial malfunction. This article focused on the importance of autophagy and mitophagy in neurodegenerative illnesses and how they might be used to create novel therapeutic approaches for treating a wide range of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshay Kapil
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab India
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Vishal Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab India
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Simranjit Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab India
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Deepali Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab India
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics (School of Pharmacy), H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar - 246174, Garhwal (Uttarakhand), India
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab India
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
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4
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Luthra NS, Christou DD, Clow A, Corcos DM. Targeting neuroendocrine abnormalities in Parkinson's disease with exercise. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1228444. [PMID: 37746149 PMCID: PMC10514367 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1228444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a prevalent and complex age-related neurodegenerative condition for which there are no disease-modifying treatments currently available. The pathophysiological process underlying PD remains incompletely understood but increasing evidence points to multiple system dysfunction. Interestingly, the past decade has produced evidence that exercise not only reduces signs and symptoms of PD but is also potentially neuroprotective. Characterizing the mechanistic pathways that are triggered by exercise and lead to positive outcomes will improve understanding of how to counter disease progression and symptomatology. In this review, we highlight how exercise regulates the neuroendocrine system, whose primary role is to respond to stress, maintain homeostasis and improve resilience to aging. We focus on a group of hormones - cortisol, melatonin, insulin, klotho, and vitamin D - that have been shown to associate with various non-motor symptoms of PD, such as mood, cognition, and sleep/circadian rhythm disorder. These hormones may represent important biomarkers to track in clinical trials evaluating effects of exercise in PD with the aim of providing evidence that patients can exert some behavioral-induced control over their disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijee S. Luthra
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Demetra D. Christou
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Angela Clow
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M. Corcos
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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5
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Shim KH, Sharma N, An SSA. Prion therapeutics: Lessons from the past. Prion 2022; 16:265-294. [PMID: 36515657 PMCID: PMC9754114 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2022.2153551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of incurable zoonotic neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) in humans and other animals caused by the prion proteins. The abnormal folding and aggregation of the soluble cellular prion proteins (PrPC) into scrapie isoform (PrPSc) in the Central nervous system (CNS) resulted in brain damage and other neurological symptoms. Different therapeutic approaches, including stalling PrPC to PrPSc conversion, increasing PrPSc removal, and PrPC stabilization, for which a spectrum of compounds, ranging from organic compounds to antibodies, have been explored. Additionally, a non-PrP targeted drug strategy using serpin inhibitors has been discussed. Despite numerous scaffolds being screened for anti-prion activity in vitro, only a few were effective in vivo and unfortunately, almost none of them proved effective in the clinical studies, most likely due to toxicity and lack of permeability. Recently, encouraging results from a prion-protein monoclonal antibody, PRN100, were presented in the first human trial on CJD patients, which gives a hope for better future for the discovery of other new molecules to treat prion diseases. In this comprehensive review, we have re-visited the history and discussed various classes of anti-prion agents, their structure, mode of action, and toxicity. Understanding pathogenesis would be vital for developing future treatments for prion diseases. Based on the outcomes of existing therapies, new anti-prion agents could be identified/synthesized/designed with reduced toxicity and increased bioavailability, which could probably be effective in treating prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hwan Shim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Niti Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
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6
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Gao Q, Zhang C, Li J, Xu H, Guo X, Guo Q, Zhao C, Yao H, Jia Y, Zhu H. Melatonin Attenuates H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Injury by Upregulating LncRNA NEAT1 in HT22 Hippocampal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12891. [PMID: 36361683 PMCID: PMC9657978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
More research is required to understand how melatonin protects neurons. The study aimed to find out if and how long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) contributes to melatonin's ability to defend the hippocampus from H2O2-induced oxidative injury. LncRNAs related to oxidative injury were predicted by bioinformatics methods. Mouse hippocampus-derived neuronal HT22 cells were treated with H2O2 with or without melatonin. Viability and apoptosis were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 and Hoechst33258. RNA and protein levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Bioinformatics predicted that 38 lncRNAs were associated with oxidative injury in mouse neurons. LncRNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) was related to H2O2-induced oxidative injury and up-regulated by melatonin in HT22 cells. The knockdown of NEAT1 exacerbated H2O2-induced oxidative injury, weakened the moderating effect of melatonin, and abolished the increasing effect of melatonin on the mRNA and protein level of Slc38a2. Taken together, melatonin attenuates H2O2-induced oxidative injury by upregulating lncRNA NEAT1, which is essential for melatonin stabilizing the mRNA and protein level of Slc38a2 for the survival of HT22 cells. The research may assist in the treatment of oxidative injury-induced hippocampal degeneration associated with aging using melatonin and its target lncRNA NEAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
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7
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Wang Y, Wang G, Xu W, Zhang Z, Sun X, Zhang S. Exogenous Melatonin Improves Pear Resistance to Botryosphaeria dothidea by Increasing Autophagic Activity and Sugar/Organic Acid Levels. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1335-1344. [PMID: 34989595 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-21-0489-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pear is an important fruit tree worldwide, but it is often infected by the pathogen Botryosphaeria dothidea, which causes pear ring rot disease. To explore the effect of exogenous melatonin on the disease resistance of pear, we treated inoculated pear fruits with different concentrations of melatonin. The results showed that 100 μΜ of melatonin had the most significant effect with resistance to B. dothidea. In addition, melatonin treatment significantly reduced the diameter of disease lesions and enhanced the endogenous melatonin content in pears inoculated with B. dothidea. Compared with the control treatment, melatonin treatment suppressed increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activated ROS-scavenging enzymes. Treatment with exogenous melatonin maintained ascorbic acid-glutathione at more reductive status. The expression levels of core autophagic genes and autophagosome formation were elevated by melatonin treatment in pear fruits. Silencing of PbrATG5 in Pyrus pyrifolia conferred sensitivity to inoculation that was only slightly attenuated by melatonin treatment. After inoculation with B. dothidea, exogenous melatonin treatment led to higher levels of soluble sugars and organic acids in pear fruits than H2O treatment. Overall, our results demonstrate that melatonin enhances resistance to B. dothidea by increasing autophagic activity and soluble sugar/organic acid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guoming Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenyu Xu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenwu Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Alamdari AF, Rahnemayan S, Rajabi H, Vahed N, Kashani HRK, Rezabakhsh A, Sanaie S. Melatonin as a promising modulator of aging related neurodegenerative disorders: Role of microRNAs. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105839. [PMID: 34418564 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the host risk factors involved in aging-related diseases is coupled with the reduction of endogenous melatonin (MLT) synthesis in the pineal gland. MLT is considered a well-known pleiotropic regulatory hormone to modulate a multitude of biological processes such as the regulation of circadian rhythm attended by potent anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. It has also been established that the microRNAs family, as non-coding mRNAs regulating post-transcriptional processes, also serve a crucial role to promote MLT-related advantageous effects in both experimental and clinical settings. Moreover, the anti-aging impact of MLT and miRNAs participation jointly are of particular interest, recently. In this review, we aimed to scrutinize recent advances concerning the therapeutic implications of MLT, particularly in the brain tissue in the face of aging. We also assessed the possible interplay between microRNAs and MLT, which could be considered a therapeutic strategy to slow down the aging process in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Fathalizadeh Alamdari
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sama Rahnemayan
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Rajabi
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nafiseh Vahed
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysa Rezabakhsh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Emergency Medicine Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sarvin Sanaie
- Neurosciences Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Combination of Melatonin and Small Molecules Improved Reprogramming Neural Cell Fates via Autophagy Activation. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:2580-2590. [PMID: 34165669 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming cell fates towards mature cell types are a promising cell supply for treating degenerative diseases. Recently, transcription factors and some small molecules have turned into impressive modulating elements for reprogramming cell fates. Melatonin, a pineal hormone, has neuroprotective functions including neural stem cell (NSC) proliferative and differentiative modulation in both embryonic and adult brain. We developed a protocol that could be implemented in the direct reprogramming of human skin fibroblast towards neural cells by using histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) inhibitor (CHIR99021), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor (Y-27632), cAMP activator, and melatonin treatment. We found that melatonin enhanced neural-transcription factor genes expressions, including brain-specific homeobox/POU domain protein 2 (BRN2), Achaete-Scute Family BHLH transcription Factor 1 (ASCL1), and Myelin Transcription Factor 1 Like (MYT1L). Melatonin also increased the expression of different neural-specific proteins such as doublecortin (DCX), Sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) compared with other five small molecules (valproic acid (VPA), CHIR99021, Forskolin, 1,9 pyrazoloanthrone (SP600125), and Y-27632) combination in the presence and absence of melatonin. A noticeable upregulation of autophagy proteins (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin-1) were seen in the melatonin treatment during the induction period while these were reverted in the presence of L-leucine, an autophagy inhibitor. In addition, the expression of NeuN was also significantly reduced by L-leucine. Collectively, our findings revealed an activation of autophagy during neural induction; melatonin enhanced reprogramming efficiency for neuron induction through the modulation of autophagy activation.
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Hossain MF, Wang N, Chen R, Li S, Roy J, Uddin MG, Li Z, Lim LW, Song YQ. Exploring the multifunctional role of melatonin in regulating autophagy and sleep to mitigate Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101304. [PMID: 33610813 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) is a neurohormone that is regulated by the circadian clock and plays multifunctional roles in numerous neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is the most common form of dementia and is associated with the degradation of axons and synapses resulting in memory loss and cognitive impairment. Despite extensive research, there is still no effective cure or specific treatment to prevent the progression of AD. The pathogenesis of AD involves atrophic alterations in the brain that also result in circadian alterations, sleep disruption, and autophagic dysfunction. In this scenario, MLT and autophagy play a central role in removing the misfolded protein aggregations. MLT also promotes autophagy through inhibiting methamphetamine toxicity to protect against neuronal cell death in AD brain. Besides, MLT plays critical roles as either a pro-autophagic indicator or anti-autophagic regulator depending on the phase of autophagy. MLT also has antioxidant properties that can counteract mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Aging, a major risk factor for AD, can change sleep patterns and sleep quality, and MLT can improve sleep quality through regulating sleep cycles. The primary purpose of this review is to explore the putative mechanisms of the beneficial effects of MLT in AD patients. Furthermore, we also summarize the findings from preclinical and clinical studies on the multifunctional roles of MLT on autophagic regulation, the control of the circadian clock-associated genes, and sleep regulation.
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11
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Gao Q, Guo X, Cao Y, Jia X, Xu S, Lu C, Zhu H. Melatonin Protects HT22 Hippocampal Cells from H 2O 2-induced Injury by Increasing Beclin1 and Atg Protein Levels to Activate Autophagy. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:446-454. [PMID: 32838711 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200824105835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aging of hippocampal neurons leads to a substantial decline in memory formation, storage and processing. The neuroprotective effect of melatonin has been confirmed, however, its protective mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE In this study, mouse hippocampus-derived neuronal HT22 cells were used to investigate whether melatonin protects the hippocampus from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced injury by regulating autophagy. METHODS Rapamycin (an activator of autophagy) and 3-methyladenine (3MA, an inhibitor of autophagy) were used to induce or inhibit autophagy, respectively. HT22 cells were treated with 200 μM H2O2 in the presence or absence of 50 μM melatonin. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), β-galactosidase and Hoechst staining were used to measure the viability, aging and apoptosis of cells, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to detect the levels of autophagy-related proteins. RESULTS The activation of autophagy by rapamycin alleviated H2O2-induced oxidative injury, as evidenced by morphological changes and decreased viability, while the inhibition of autophagy by 3MA exacerbated H2O2- induced injury. The inhibitory effect of melatonin on H2O2-induced injury was similar to that of rapamycin. Melatonin also alleviated H2O2-induced aging and apoptosis. Melatonin activated autophagy in the presence or absence of H2O2, as evidenced by an increased Lc3b 14/16 kd ratio and a decreased P62 level. In addition, H2O2 decreased the levels of Beclin1 and Atg5/12/16, which were reversed by rapamycin or melatonin. The effects of melatonin on H2O2-induced injury, autophagy and protein expressions were effectively reversed by 3MA. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these results demonstrate that melatonin protects HT22 hippocampal neurons from H2O2-induced injury by increasing the levels of the Beclin1 and Atg proteins to activate autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gao
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaocheng Guo
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaotong Jia
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunmei Lu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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12
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Melatonin: From Pharmacokinetics to Clinical Use in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031490. [PMID: 33540815 PMCID: PMC7867370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of melatonin has been extensively investigated in pathophysiological conditions, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Reduced melatonin secretion has been reported in ASD and led to many clinical trials using immediate-release and prolonged-release oral formulations of melatonin. However, melatonin’s effects in ASD and the choice of formulation type require further study. Therapeutic benefits of melatonin on sleep disorders in ASD were observed, notably on sleep latency and sleep quality. Importantly, melatonin may also have a role in improving autistic behavioral impairments. The objective of this article is to review factors influencing treatment response and possible side effects following melatonin administration. It appears that the effects of exposure to exogenous melatonin are dependent on age, sex, route and time of administration, formulation type, dose, and association with several substances (such as tobacco or contraceptive pills). In addition, no major melatonin-related adverse effect was described in typical development and ASD. In conclusion, melatonin represents currently a well-validated and tolerated treatment for sleep disorders in children and adolescents with ASD. A more thorough consideration of factors influencing melatonin pharmacokinetics could illuminate the best use of melatonin in this population. Future studies are required in ASD to explore further dose-effect relationships of melatonin on sleep problems and autistic behavioral impairments.
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13
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Luo F, Sandhu AF, Rungratanawanich W, Williams GE, Akbar M, Zhou S, Song BJ, Wang X. Melatonin and Autophagy in Aging-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197174. [PMID: 32998479 PMCID: PMC7584015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With aging, the nervous system gradually undergoes degeneration. Increased oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death are considered to be common pathophysiological mechanisms of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Autophagy is a cellular basic metabolic process that degrades the aggregated or misfolded proteins and abnormal organelles in cells. The abnormal regulation of neuronal autophagy is accompanied by the accumulation and deposition of irregular proteins, leading to changes in neuron homeostasis and neurodegeneration. Autophagy exhibits both a protective mechanism and a damage pathway related to programmed cell death. Because of its "double-edged sword", autophagy plays an important role in neurological damage and NDDs including AD, PD, HD, OPIDN, and ALS. Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone mainly synthesized in the pineal gland and exhibits a wide range of biological functions, such as sleep control, regulating circadian rhythm, immune enhancement, metabolism regulation, antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-tumor effects. It can prevent cell death, reduce inflammation, block calcium channels, etc. In this review, we briefly discuss the neuroprotective role of melatonin against various NDDs via regulating autophagy, which could be a new field for future translational research and clinical studies to discover preventive or therapeutic agents for many NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.L.); (A.F.S.); (G.E.W.)
| | - Aaron F. Sandhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.L.); (A.F.S.); (G.E.W.)
| | - Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (W.R.); (B.-J.S.)
| | - George E. Williams
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.L.); (A.F.S.); (G.E.W.)
| | - Mohammed Akbar
- Division of Neuroscience & Behavior, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (W.R.); (B.-J.S.)
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (F.L.); (A.F.S.); (G.E.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Hosseinzadeh A, Kamrava SK, Moore BCJ, Reiter RJ, Ghaznavi H, Kamali M, Mehrzadi S. Molecular Aspects of Melatonin Treatment in Tinnitus: A Review. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1112-1128. [PMID: 30892162 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190319162147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tinnitus is a hearing disorder characterized by the perception of sound without external acoustic stimuli, which is caused by damage to the auditory system in response to excessive levels of noise, ototoxic agents and aging. Neural plasticity, oxidative/nitrosative stress and apoptosis play important roles in the pathogenesis of tinnitus. The expression of neural plasticity related to excessive glutamatergic neurotransmission leads to generation of abnormal sound in one's ears or head. Furthermore, hyperactivation and over-expression of NMDA receptors in response to excessive release of glutamate contribute to the calcium overload in the primary auditory neurons and subsequent cytotoxicity. Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species are endogenously produced by different type of cochlear cells under pathological conditions, which cause direct damage to the intracellular components and apoptotic cell death. Cochlear hair-cell death contributes to the progressive deafferentation of auditory neurons, which consequently leads to the aberrant activity in several parts of the auditory pathway. Therefore, targeting neural plasticity, oxidative/nitrosative stress, apoptosis and autophagy may ameliorate tinnitus. Melatonin is an endogenously produced indoleamine synchronizing circadian and circannual rhythms. Based on laboratory studies indicating the protective effect of melatonin against cochlear damage induced by acoustic trauma and ototoxic agents, and also clinical studies reporting the ability of melatonin to minimize the severity of tinnitus, melatonin is suggested to be a treatment option for the patient with tinnitus. Herein, we describe the ameliorative effect of melatonin on tinnitus, focusing on neural plasticity, oxidative/nitrosative stress, apoptotsis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Kamran Kamrava
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, Hazrate Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Brian C J Moore
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Kamali
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Porte Alcon S, Gorojod RM, Kotler ML. Kinetic and protective role of autophagy in manganese-exposed BV-2 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118787. [PMID: 32592735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) plays an important role in many physiological processes. Nevertheless, Mn accumulation in the brain can cause a parkinsonian-like syndrome known as manganism. Unfortunately, the therapeutic options for this disease are scarce and of limited efficacy. For this reason, a great effort is being made to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in Mn toxicity in neuronal and glial cells. Even though evidence indicates that Mn activates autophagy in microglia, the consequences of this activation in cell death remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrated a key role of reactive oxygen species in Mn-induced damage in microglial cells. These species generated by Mn2+ induce lysosomal alterations, LMP, cathepsins release and cell death. Besides, we described for the first time the kinetic of Mn2+-induced autophagy in BV-2 microglial cells and its relevance to cell fate. We found that Mn promotes a time-dependent increase in LC3-II and p62 expression levels, suggesting autophagy activation. Possibly, cells trigger autophagy to neutralize the risks associated with lysosomal rupture. In addition, pre-treatment with both Rapamycin and Melatonin enhanced autophagy and retarded Mn2+ cytotoxicity. In summary, our results demonstrated that, despite the damage inflicted on a subset of lysosomes, the autophagic pathway plays a protective role in Mn-induced microglial cell death. We propose that 2 h Mn2+ exposure will not induce disturbances in the autophagic flux. However, as time passes, the accumulated damage inside the cell could trigger a dysfunction of this mechanism. These findings may represent a valuable contribution to future research concerning manganism therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Porte Alcon
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Disfunción Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Nanomedicina. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Roxana Mayra Gorojod
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Disfunción Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Nanomedicina. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Mónica Lidia Kotler
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Disfunción Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Nanomedicina. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Mehrzadi S, Hemati K, Reiter RJ, Hosseinzadeh A. Mitochondrial dysfunction in age-related macular degeneration: melatonin as a potential treatment. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:359-378. [PMID: 32116056 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1737015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), a retinal neurodegenerative disease is the most common cause of blindness among the elderly in developed countries. The impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis has been reported in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells affected by AMD. Oxidative/nitrosative stress plays an important role in AMD development. The mitochondrial respiratory system is considered a major site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. During aging, insufficient free radical scavenger systems, impairment of DNA repair mechanisms and reduction of mitochondrial degradation and turnover contribute to the massive accumulation of ROS disrupting mitochondrial function. Impaired mitochondrial function leads to the decline in the autophagic capacity and induction of inflammation and apoptosis in human RPE cells affected by AMD.Areas covered: This article evaluates the ameliorative effect of melatonin on AMD and examines AMD pathogenesis with an emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction. It also considers the potential effects of melatonin on mitochondrial function.Expert opinion: The effect of melatonin on mitochondrial function results in the reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the retina; these findings demonstrate that melatonin has the potential to prevent and treat AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Hemati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bizzarri M. Advances in Characterizing Recently-Identified Molecular Actions of Melatonin: Clinical Implications. APPROACHING COMPLEX DISEASES 2020. [PMCID: PMC7164543 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32857-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine, was discovered to be a product of serotonin metabolism in the mammalian pineal gland where its synthesis is under control of the light:dark cycle. Besides its regulatory pathway involving ganglion cells in the retina, the neural connections between the eyes and the pineal gland include the master circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nuclei, and the central and peripheral nervous systems. Since pineal melatonin is released into the blood and into the cerebrospinal fluid, it has access to every cell in an organism and it mediates system-wide effects. Subsequently, melatonin was found in several extrapineal organs and, more recently, perhaps in every cell of every organ. In contrast to the pinealocytes, non-pineal cells do not discharge melatonin into the blood; rather it is used locally in an intracrine, autocrine, or paracrine manner. Melatonin levels in non-pineal cells do not exhibit a circadian rhythm and do not depend on circulating melatonin concentrations although when animals are treated with exogenous melatonin it is taken up by presumably all cells. Mitochondria are the presumed site of melatonin synthesis in all cells; the enzymatic machinery for melatonin synthesis has been identified in mitochondria. The association of melatonin with mitochondria, because of its ability to inhibit oxidative stress, is very fortuitous since these organelles are a major site of damaging reactive oxygen species generation. In this review, some of the actions of non-pineal-derived melatonin are discussed in terms of cellular and subcellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Luengo E, Buendia I, Fernández-Mendívil C, Trigo-Alonso P, Negredo P, Michalska P, Hernández-García B, Sánchez-Ramos C, Bernal JA, Ikezu T, León R, López MG. Pharmacological doses of melatonin impede cognitive decline in tau-related Alzheimer models, once tauopathy is initiated, by restoring the autophagic flux. J Pineal Res 2019; 67:e12578. [PMID: 30943316 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in autophagy are increasingly being recognized in the pathogenesis of proteinopathies like Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study was conducted to evaluate whether melatonin treatment could provide beneficial effects in an Alzheimer model related to tauopathy by improving the autophagic flux and, thereby, prevent cognitive decline. The injection of AAV-hTauP301L viral vectors and treatment/injection with okadaic acid were used to achieve mouse and human ex vivo, and in vivo tau-related models. Melatonin (10 μmol/L) impeded oxidative stress, tau hyperphosphorylation, and cell death by restoring autophagy flux in the ex vivo models. In the in vivo studies, intracerebroventricular injection of AAV-hTauP301L increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus 7 days after the injection, without inducing cognitive impairment; however, when animals were maintained for 28 days, cognitive decline was apparent. Interestingly, late melatonin treatment (10 mg/kg), starting once the alterations mentioned above were established (from day 7 to day 28), reduced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and caspase-3 activation; these observations correlated with restoration of the autophagy flux and memory improvement. This study highlights the importance of autophagic dysregulation in tauopathy and how administration of pharmacological doses of melatonin, once tauopathy is initiated, can restore the autophagy flux, reduce proteinopathy, and prevent cognitive decline. We therefore propose exogenous melatonin supplementation or the development of melatonin derivatives to improve autophagy flux for the treatment of proteinopathies like AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Luengo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Izaskun Buendia
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitario (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Fernández-Mendívil
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Trigo-Alonso
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Negredo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrycja Michalska
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Sánchez-Ramos
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Bernal
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Department of Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitario (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Instituto Teófilo Hernando for Drug Discovery, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitario (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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Boga JA, Caballero B, Potes Y, Perez-Martinez Z, Reiter RJ, Vega-Naredo I, Coto-Montes A. Therapeutic potential of melatonin related to its role as an autophagy regulator: A review. J Pineal Res 2019; 66:e12534. [PMID: 30329173 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There are several pathologies, syndromes, and physiological processes in which autophagy is involved. This process of self-digestion that cells trigger as a survival mechanism is complex and tightly regulated, according to the homeostatic conditions of the organ. However, in all cases, its relationship with oxidative stress alterations is evident, following a pathway that suggests endoplasmic reticulum stress and/or mitochondrial changes. There is accumulating evidence of the beneficial role that melatonin has in the regulation and restoration of damaged autophagic processes. In this review, we focus on major physiological changes such as aging and essential pathologies including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, viral infections and obesity, and document the essential role of melatonin in the regulation of autophagy in each of these different situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Boga
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Caballero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Zulema Perez-Martinez
- Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ignacio Vega-Naredo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Król T, Trybus W, Trybus E, Kopacz-Bednarska A, Kowalczyk M, Brytan M, Paluch M, Antkowiak B, Saracyn M, Król G, Ciechanowska M. Assessment of exogenous melatonin action on mouse liver cells after exposure to soman. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 64:147-154. [PMID: 30391876 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone with many different biological activities and therefore seems to be an important factor reducing the harmful effects caused by toxic organophosphorus compounds. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the protective effect of melatonin on liver cells of mice challenged with chemical warfare agent-soman. The study was conducted at the level of ultrastructural and biochemical changes (analysis of the activity of model lysosomal enzymes and assessment of the level of lipid peroxidation). Significant biochemical and ultrastructural changes were found in the studied mouse hepatocytes after administration of soman alone, and soman in combination with melatonin, and the scope of the disclosed changes was dependent on the time of action of the examined factors. Melatonin has shown protective action, shielding liver cells from toxic effects of soman, which may result from its antioxidant properties and stimulation of the lysosomal compartment, the system coordinating the isolation and removal of cell-threatening processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Król
- Department of Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Trybus
- Department of Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Ewa Trybus
- Department of Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Anna Kopacz-Bednarska
- Department of Cell Biology and Electron Microscopy, Institute of Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Marek Kowalczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland; Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Brytan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Paluch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Antkowiak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Grzegorz Król
- Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw, Szturmowa 1/3, 02-678, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Ciechanowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
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Tao J, Yang M, Wu H, Ma T, He C, Chai M, Zhang X, Zhang J, Ding F, Wang S, Deng S, Zhu K, Song Y, Ji P, Liu H, Lian Z, Liu G. Effects of AANAT overexpression on the inflammatory responses and autophagy activity in the cellular and transgenic animal levels. Autophagy 2018; 14:1850-1869. [PMID: 29985091 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1490852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the anti-inflammatory activity of endogenous produced melatonin, a melatonin-enriched animal model (goat) with AANAT transfer was successfully generated with somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology. Basically, a pIRES2-EGFP-AANAT expression vector was constructed and was transferred into the female fetal fibroblast cells (FFCs) via electrotransfection and then the nuclear of the transgenic FFC was transferred to the eggs of the donor goats. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the transgenic offspring expressed significantly higher levels of AANAT and melatonin synthetic function than those PBMCs from the wild-type (WT) animals. After challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the transgenic PBMCs had increased autophagosomes and LC3B expression while they exhibited suppressed production of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL1B and IL12 (IL12A-IL12B/p70), compared to their WT. The mechanistic analysis indicated that the anti-inflammatory activity of endogenous melatonin was mediated by MTNR1B (melatonin receptor 1B). MTNR1B stimulation activated the MAPK14 signaling pathway to promote cellular macroautophagy/autophagy, thus, suppressing the excessive inflammatory response of cellular. However, when the intact animals challenged with LPS, the serum proinflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in the transgenic goats than that in the WT. The results indicated that endogenous melatonin inhibited the MAPK1/3 signaling pathway and ROS production, subsequently downregulated gene expression of BECN1, ATG5 in PMBCs and then suppressed the autophagy activity of PBMCs and finally elevated levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines in transgenic animals, Herein we provided a novel melatonin-enriched animal model to study the potential effects of endogenously produced melatonin on inflammatory responses and autophagy activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Tao
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Minghui Yang
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Hao Wu
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Teng Ma
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Changjiu He
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.,b College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , China
| | - Menglong Chai
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Xiaosheng Zhang
- c Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary , Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Tianjin , Tianjin , China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- c Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary , Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Tianjin , Tianjin , China
| | - Fangrong Ding
- d State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Sutian Wang
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Shoulong Deng
- e State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Kuanfeng Zhu
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Yukun Song
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Pengyun Ji
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Haijun Liu
- c Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary , Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Tianjin , Tianjin , China
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- a National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
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Roohbakhsh A, Shamsizadeh A, Hayes A, Reiter RJ, Karimi G. Melatonin as an endogenous regulator of diseases: The role of autophagy. Pharmacol Res 2018; 133:265-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Jeong JK, Lee YJ, Jeong SY, Jeong S, Lee GW, Park SY. Autophagic flux induced by graphene oxide has a neuroprotective effect against human prion protein fragments. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:8143-8158. [PMID: 29184404 PMCID: PMC5687491 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s146398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is a nanomaterial with newly developing biological applications. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that has been associated with the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Although induction of autophagic flux by GO has been reported, the underlying signaling pathway in neurodegenerative disorders and how this is involved in neuroprotection remain obscure. We show that GO itself activates autophagic flux in neuronal cells and confers a neuroprotective effect against prion protein (PrP) (106–126)-mediated neurotoxicity. GO can be detected in SK-N-SH neuronal cells, where it triggers autophagic flux signaling. GO-induced autophagic flux prevented PrP (106–126)-induced neurotoxicity in SK-N-SH cells. Moreover, inactivation of autophagic flux blocked GO-induced neuroprotection against prion-mediated mitochondrial neurotoxicity. This is the first study to demonstrate that GO regulates autophagic flux in neuronal cells, and that activation of autophagic flux signals, induced by GO, plays a neuroprotective role against prion-mediated mitochondrial neurotoxicity. These results suggest that the nanomaterial GO may be used to activate autophagic flux and could be used in neuroprotective strategies for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, including prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Kyo Jeong
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan
| | - You-Jin Lee
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan
| | - Seung Yol Jeong
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon.,Department of Electrical Functionality Material Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Jeong
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon
| | - Geon-Woong Lee
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan
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Zhang M, Wang S, Cheng Z, Xiong Z, Lv J, Yang Z, Li T, Jiang S, Gu J, Sun D, Fan Y. Polydatin ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy via Sirt3 activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1280-1287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Shen Y, Guo X, Han C, Wan F, Ma K, Guo S, Wang L, Xia Y, Liu L, Lin Z, Huang J, Xiong N, Wang T. The implication of neuronimmunoendocrine (NIE) modulatory network in the pathophysiologic process of Parkinson's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3741-3768. [PMID: 28623510 PMCID: PMC11107509 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder implicitly marked by the substantia nigra dopaminergic neuron degeneration and explicitly characterized by the motor and non-motor symptom complexes. Apart from the nigrostriatal dopamine depletion, the immune and endocrine study findings are also frequently reported, which, in fact, have helped to broaden the symptom spectrum and better explain the pathogenesis and progression of PD. Nevertheless, based on the neural, immune, and endocrine findings presented above, it is still difficult to fully recapitulate the pathophysiologic process of PD. Therefore, here, in this review, we have proposed the neuroimmunoendocrine (NIE) modulatory network in PD, aiming to achieve a more comprehensive interpretation of the pathogenesis and progression of this disease. As a matter of fact, in addition to the classical motor symptoms, NIE modulatory network can also underlie the non-motor symptoms such as gastrointestinal, neuropsychiatric, circadian rhythm, and sleep disorders in PD. Moreover, the dopamine (DA)-melatonin imbalance in the retino-diencephalic/mesencephalic-pineal axis also provides an alternative explanation for the motor complications in the process of DA replacement therapy. In conclusion, the NIE network can be expected to deepen our understanding and facilitate the multi-dimensional management and therapy of PD in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Xingfang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Wan
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Shiyi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Luxi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, and Mailman Neuroscience Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Jinsha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
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Nopparat C, Sinjanakhom P, Govitrapong P. Melatonin reverses H 2 O 2 -induced senescence in SH-SY5Y cells by enhancing autophagy via sirtuin 1 deacetylation of the RelA/p65 subunit of NF-κB. J Pineal Res 2017; 63. [PMID: 28295567 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, a degradation mechanism that plays a major role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and diminishes in aging, is considered an aging characteristic. Melatonin is an important hormone that plays a wide range of physiological functions, including the anti-aging effect, potentially via the regulation of the Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) pathway. The deacetylation ability of SIRT1 is important for controlling the function of several transcription factors, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ĸB). Apart from inflammation, NF-ĸB can regulate autophagy by inhibiting Beclin1, an initiator of autophagy. Although numerous studies have revealed the role of melatonin in regulating autophagy, very limited experiments have shown that melatonin can increase autophagic activity via SIRT1 in a senescent model. This study focuses on the effect of melatonin on autophagy via the deacetylation activity of SIRT1 on RelA/p65, a subunit of NF-ĸB, to determine whether melatonin can attenuate the aging condition. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with H2 O2 to induce the senescent state. These results demonstrated that melatonin reduced a number of beta-galactosidase (SA-βgal)-positive cells, a senescent marker. In addition, melatonin increased the protein levels of SIRT1, Beclin1, and LC3-II, a hallmark protein of autophagy, and reduced the levels of acetylated-Lys310 in the p65 subunit of NF-ĸB in SH-SY5Y cells treated with H2 O2 . Furthermore, in the presence of SIRT1 inhibitor, melatonin failed to increase autophagic markers. The present data indicate that melatonin enhances autophagic activity via the SIRT1 signaling pathway. Taken together, we propose that in modulating autophagy, melatonin may provide a therapeutically beneficial role in the anti-aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutikorn Nopparat
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Puritat Sinjanakhom
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
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Majumder P, Chakrabarti O. Lysosomal Quality Control in Prion Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2631-2644. [PMID: 28421536 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases are transmissible, familial or sporadic. The prion protein (PrP), a normal cell surface glycoprotein, is ubiquitously expressed throughout the body. While loss of function of PrP does not elicit apparent phenotypes, generation of misfolded forms of the protein or its aberrant metabolic isoforms has been implicated in a number of neurodegenerative disorders such as scrapie, kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, fatal familial insomnia, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. These diseases are all phenotypically characterised by spongiform vacuolation of the adult brain, hence collectively termed as late-onset spongiform neurodegeneration. Misfolded form of PrP (PrPSc) and one of its abnormal metabolic isoforms (the transmembrane CtmPrP) are known to be disease-causing agents that lead to progressive loss of structure or function of neurons culminating in neuronal death. The aberrant forms of PrP utilise and manipulate the various intracellular quality control mechanisms during pathogenesis of these diseases. Amongst these, the lysosomal quality control machinery emerges as one of the primary targets exploited by the disease-causing isoforms of PrP. The autophagosomal-lysosomal degradation pathway is adversely affected in multiple ways in prion diseases and may hence be regarded as an important modulator of neurodegeneration. Some of the ESCRT pathway proteins have also been shown to be involved in the manifestation of disease phenotype. This review discusses the significance of the lysosomal quality control pathway in affecting transmissible and familial types of prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Majumder
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sector-1, Block-AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700064, India
| | - Oishee Chakrabarti
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sector-1, Block-AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700064, India.
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28
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Tamura H, Kawamoto M, Sato S, Tamura I, Maekawa R, Taketani T, Aasada H, Takaki E, Nakai A, Reiter RJ, Sugino N. Long-term melatonin treatment delays ovarian aging. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 27889913 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian aging is characterized by gradual declines in oocyte quantity and quality. Melatonin is considered an anti-aging agent due to its cytoprotective actions as an antioxidant. This study examined whether long-term melatonin treatment would delay ovarian aging in mice. Female ICR mice (10 weeks old) were given melatonin-containing water (100 μg/mL; melatonin) or water only until 43 weeks of age. Their oocytes were recovered from the oviduct, and in vitro fertilization was performed. The ovaries were used for a histological analysis of the number of follicles. The mRNA expression of the aging-related sirtuin genes (SIRT1, SIRT3) and the autophagy-related gene (LC3) and the telomere length of the ovarian chromosomes were analyzed. Transcriptome changes in the ovaries were also characterized using microarray. The number of ovulated oocytes decreased with age; however, it was greater in melatonin-treated mice than that from control animals. The decreased fertilization rate and blastocyst rate during aging also were higher in the melatonin-treated mice than in the controls, as were the numbers of primordial, primary, and antral follicles. The mRNA expression of SIRT1 and LC3 and telomere length were enhanced due to melatonin treatment. Seventy-eight genes that were downregulated during aging and upregulated by melatonin were identified by a microarray analysis. Forty of these 78 genes were ribosome-related genes, and a free radical scavenging network was identified. The present results indicate that melatonin delays ovarian aging by multiple mechanisms including antioxidant action, maintaining telomeres, stimulating SIRT expression and ribosome function, and by reducing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Mai Kawamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Shun Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Isao Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Ryo Maekawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Taketani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Hiromi Aasada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Eiichi Takaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Akira Nakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Norihiro Sugino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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Sinha RA, Singh BK, Yen PM. Reciprocal Crosstalk Between Autophagic and Endocrine Signaling in Metabolic Homeostasis. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:69-102. [PMID: 27901588 DOI: 10.1210/er.2016-1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular quality control and energy-providing process that is under strict control by intra- and extracellular stimuli. Recently, there has been an exponential increase in autophagy research and its implications for mammalian physiology. Autophagy deregulation is now being implicated in many human diseases, and its modulation has shown promising results in several preclinical studies. However, despite the initial discovery of autophagy as a hormone-regulated process by De Duve in the early 1960s, endocrine regulation of autophagy still remains poorly understood. In this review, we provide a critical summary of our present understanding of the basic mechanism of autophagy, its regulation by endocrine hormones, and its contribution to endocrine and metabolic homeostasis under physiological and pathological settings. Understanding the cross-regulation of hormones and autophagy on endocrine cell signaling and function will provide new insight into mammalian physiology as well as promote the development of new therapeutic strategies involving modulation of autophagy in endocrine and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit A Sinha
- Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169016
| | - Brijesh K Singh
- Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169016
| | - Paul M Yen
- Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169016
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Abstract
Objective: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition and is one of the main causes of death worldwide. Macrophages play important roles in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Apoptosis is progressively observed while plaques develop, although the precise mechanisms and outcomes of apoptosis in atherosclerosis development and progression are still contradictory. This study was conducted to explore the effects of simvastatin and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha (RORa) ligands on apoptosis in human acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1) macrophage cells. Methods: Briefly, the occupancy of RORa in the promoter regions of apoptotic pathway genes was demonstrated in THP-1 cell lines using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis. In order to modulate RORa activity, THP-1 macrophage cells were treated with specific ligands (CPG52608 and SR1001) and then viability as well as count of THP-1 macrophage cells were analyzed. Results: We observed that simvastatin and both RORa ligands had a tendency to decrease THP-1 macrophage cell viability in culture. When compared with non-treated controls, simvastatin significantly decreased cell viability (p=0.04) and cell count (p=0.03). However, this negative effect of simvastatin seemed to be partly prevented by RORa ligands. In addition, bioinformatics analysis of ChIP-on-chip data demonstrated that several genes that are involved in the apoptotic pathway were likely RORa target genes. These genes were involved in the regulation of apoptosis through various pathways. Conclusion: In summary, our study suggest that simvastatin-mediated macrophage apoptosis might be modulated by SR1001 administration. However, involvement of RORa in this modulation through potential apoptotic target genes remains elusive.
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Li M, Pi H, Yang Z, Reiter RJ, Xu S, Chen X, Chen C, Zhang L, Yang M, Li Y, Guo P, Li G, Tu M, Tian L, Xie J, He M, Lu Y, Zhong M, Zhang Y, Yu Z, Zhou Z. Melatonin antagonizes cadmium-induced neurotoxicity by activating the transcription factor EB-dependent autophagy-lysosome machinery in mouse neuroblastoma cells. J Pineal Res 2016; 61:353-69. [PMID: 27396692 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a highly ubiquitous heavy metal, induces neurotoxicity. Melatonin, a major secretory product of the pineal gland, protects against Cd-induced neurotoxicity. However, the mechanism that accounts for this protection remains to be elucidated. Herein, we exposed mouse neuroblastoma cells (Neuro-2a cells) to different concentrations of cadmium chloride (CdCl2 ) (12.5, 25, and 50 μ mol L(-1) ) for 24 hours. We showed that Cd inhibits autophagosome-lysosome fusion and impairs lysosomal function, subsequently leading to nerve cell death. In addition, Cd decreases the level of transcription factor EB (TFEB) but induces the nuclear translocation of TFEB, associated with compromised lysosomal function or a compensatory effect after the impairment of the autophagic flux. Moreover, compared to the 50-μ mol L(-1) Cd group, administration of 1 μ mol L(-1) melatonin increased "TFEB-responsive genes" (P<.05) and the levels of lysosomal-associated membrane protein (0.57±0.06 vs 1.00±0.11, P<.05), preserved lysosomal protease activity (0.52±0.01 vs 0.90±0.02, P<.05), maintained the lysosomal pH level (0.50±0.01 vs 0.87±0.05, P<.01), and enhanced autophagosome-lysosome fusion (0.05±0.00 vs 0.21±0.01, P<.01). Notably, melatonin enhanced TFEB expression (0.37±0.04 vs 0.72±0.07, P<.05) and nuclear translocation (2.81±0.08 vs 3.82±0.05, P<.05). Tfeb siRNA blocked the melatonin-mediated elevation in autophagy-lysosome machinery in Cd-induced neurotoxicity (P<.01). Taken together, these results uncover a potent role for TFEB-mediated autophagy in the pathogenesis of Cd-induced neurotoxicity, suggesting that control of the autophagic pathway by melatonin might provide an important clue for exploring potential targets for novel therapeutics of Cd-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huifeng Pi
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqi Yang
- Brain Research Center, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Army General Hospital in Lanzhou, Lanzhou, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shangcheng Xu
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Army General Hospital in Lanzhou, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunhai Chen
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuming Li
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Guo
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan General Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaoming Li
- Department of Health Statistics, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Manyu Tu
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Xie
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mindi He
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yonghui Lu
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Zhong
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Brain metabolism as a modulator of autophagy in neurodegeneration. Brain Res 2016; 1649:158-165. [PMID: 26970520 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence that autophagy serves as a sweeper for toxic materials in the brain gives us new insight into the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Autophagy is important for maintaining cellular homeostasis associated with metabolism. Some neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer׳s and Parkinson׳s diseases are accompanied by altered metabolism and autophagy in the brain. In this review, we discuss how hormones and nutrients regulate autophagy in the brain and affect neurodegeneration. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:Autophagy.
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Yerra VG, Gundu C, Bachewal P, Kumar A. Autophagy: The missing link in diabetic neuropathy? Med Hypotheses 2016; 86:120-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Jeong JK, Park SY. Neuroprotective effect of cellular prion protein (PrPC) is related with activation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAchR)-mediated autophagy flux. Oncotarget 2015; 6:24660-74. [PMID: 26295309 PMCID: PMC4694786 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAchR) is regulated by prion protein (PrPC) expression and has a neuroprotective effect by modulating autophagic flux. In this study, we hypothesized that PrPC may regulate α7nAchR activation and that may prevent prion-related neurodegenerative diseases by regulating autophagic flux. PrP(106-126) treatment decreased α7nAchR expression and activation of autophagic flux. In addition, the α7nAchR activator PNU-282987 enhanced autophagic flux and protected neuron cells against PrP(106-126)-induced apoptosis. However, activation of autophagy and the protective effects of PNU-282987 were inhibited in PrPC knockout hippocampal neuron cells. In addition, PrPC knockout hippocampal neuron cells showed decreased α7nAchR expression levels. Adenoviral overexpression of PrPC in PrPC knockout hippocampal neuron cells resulted in activation of autophagic flux and inhibition of prion peptide-mediated cell death via α7nAchR activation. This is the first report demonstrating that activation of α7nAchR-mediated autophagic flux is regulated by PrPC, and that activation of α7nAchR regulated by PrPC expression may play a pivotal role in protection of neuron cells against prion peptide-induced neuron cell death by autophagy. These results suggest that α7nAchR-mediated autophagic flux may be involved in the pathogenesis of prion-related diseases and may be a therapeutic target for prion-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Kyo Jeong
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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35
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Radad K, Moldzio R, Al-Shraim M, Kranner B, Krewenka C, Rausch WD. Recent advances in autophagy-based neuroprotection. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 15:195-205. [PMID: 25614954 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1002087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a highly regulated intracellular process that, under certain circumstances, delivers cytoplasmic components to the lysosomes for degradation. It consists of several sequential steps including initiation and nucleation, double membrane formation and elongation, formation and maturation of autophagosomes and finally autophagosomes/lysosomes fusion and degradation of intra-autophagosomal contents by lysosomal enzymes. After decades of considering autophagy as a cell death pathway, it has recently been shown to have a survival function through clearing of protein aggregates and damaged cytoplasmic organelles in response to a variety of stress conditions. Most recently, there is increasing evidence from literature revealing that autophagy induction may combat neurodegeneration. In the light of this, our current review tried to address the recent advances in the role of induced autophagy in neuroprotection with a particular focus on its contribution in the most common neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Radad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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Jeong JK, Park SY. Melatonin regulates the autophagic flux via activation of alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J Pineal Res 2015; 59:24-37. [PMID: 25808024 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study suggested that melatonin-mediated neuroprotective effects are related with the activation of autophagy. However, the mechanism of melatonin-mediated autophagic activation in prion-mediated mitochondrial damage is not reported. Alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAchR) is a member of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and α7nAchR activation regulates via melatonin. Thus, we hypothesized that melatonin-mediated neuroprotective effect related with to autophagy pathway as a result of α7nAchR regulation. Inactivation of α7nAchR inhibited melatonin-mediated autophagic activation and protective effect against prion-mediated mitochondrial neurotoxicity. Also, knockdown of ATG5 blocked the melatonin-mediated neuroprotection and did not influence to the activation of α7nAchR caused by melatonin. This report is the first study demonstrating that melatonin-mediated autophagic activation regulates via modulation of α7nAchR signals, and upregulation of α7nAchR signals induced by melatonin plays a pivotal role in neuroprotection of prion-mediated mitochondrial neurotoxicity. Our results suggested that regulator of α7 nAChR signals including melatonin may have used for neuroprotective strategies for the neurodegenerative disorders including prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Kyo Jeong
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Teng YC, Tai YI, Huang HJ, Lin AMY. Melatonin Ameliorates Arsenite-Induced Neurotoxicity: Involvement of Autophagy and Mitochondria. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 52:1015-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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38
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Wang P, Sun X, Wang N, Tan DX, Ma F. Melatonin enhances the occurrence of autophagy induced by oxidative stress in Arabidopsis seedlings. J Pineal Res 2015; 58:479-89. [PMID: 25788022 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effect that melatonin has against mitochondrial dysfunctioning seems to be linked to mitophagy. Roles for melatonin have been demonstrated in promoting health and preventing disease, as well as activating the process of autophagy in general. However, no reports have been made about how the application of melatonin regulates that process when plants are exposed to oxidative stress. We investigated the influence of different concentrations of melatonin (0.0, 0.5, 5.0, 10.0, or 50.0 μm) on autophagy under methyl viologen (MV)-induced oxidative stress. Arabidopsis seedlings that were pretreated with 5 or 10 μm melatonin underwent relatively strong induction of autophagy, as evidenced by the number of monodansylcadaverine (MDC)-stained autophagosomes in root samples. Pretreatment with 10 μm melatonin also alleviated MV-induced photo-oxidation damage and significantly reduced the accumulation of oxidized proteins. Those responses might have been due to the strong upregulation of genes that involved in AtATG8-PE conjugation pathway, which enhanced the capacity for autophagy. Histochemical staining revealed that both O2-· and H2 O2 were highly accumulated upon MV exposure, although the response did not differ significantly between control and melatonin-pretreated seedlings. By contrast, exogenous melatonin upregulated the expression of two genes for H2 O2 -scavenging enzymes, that is, AtAPX1 and AtCATs. The activation of autophagy by melatonin without an alteration in ROS production may be part of a survival mechanism that is enhanced by melatonin after cellular damage. Therefore, it represents a second level of defense to remove damaged proteins when antioxidant activities are compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Ma Y, Bu J, Dang H, Sha J, Jing Y, Shan-jiang AI, Li H, Zhu Y. Inhibition of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase reduces glial cell-mediated inflammation and induces the expression of Cx43 in astroglias after cerebral ischemia. Brain Res 2015; 1605:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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STI571 protects neuronal cells from neurotoxic prion protein fragment-induced apoptosis. Neuropharmacology 2015; 93:191-8. [PMID: 25681617 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases are neurodegenerative disorders caused by the accumulation of misfolded prion proteins [scrapie form of PrP (PrP(Sc))]. PrP(Sc) accumulation in the brain causes neurotoxicity by inducing mitochondrial-apoptotic pathways. Neurodegeneration can be prevented by imatinib mesylate (Gleevec or STI571) that regulates c-Abl tyrosine kinases, which elicit protective effects in neurodegenerative disease models. However, the protective effect of STI571 against prion disease remains unknown. In the present study, the effect of STI571 on prion peptide-induced neuronal death was investigated. Results showed that STI571 rescued neurons from PrP106-126-induced neurotoxicity by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. STI571-inhibited c-Abl tyrosine kinases prevented PrP106-126-induced reduction in mitochondrial potential, Bax translocation to the mitochondria and cytochrome c release. The protective effect of STI571 against mitochondrial dysfunction was related to the activation of BIM expression. This study is the first to demonstrate the protective effect of STI571 against prion-mediated neurotoxicity. Our results suggested that imatinib mesylate treatment may be a novel therapeutic strategy to treat prion-mediated neurotoxicity.
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Rivara S, Pala D, Bedini A, Spadoni G. Therapeutic uses of melatonin and melatonin derivatives: a patent review (2012 – 2014). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 25:425-41. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.1001739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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42
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Jeong JK, Lee JH, Moon JH, Lee YJ, Park SY. Melatonin-mediated β-catenin activation protects neuron cells against prion protein-induced neurotoxicity. J Pineal Res 2014; 57:427-34. [PMID: 25251028 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Activation of β-catenin in neurons regulates mitochondrial function and protects against protein misfolding disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. Melatonin, a natural secretory product of the pineal gland, exerts neuroprotective effects through the activation of β-catenin. In this study, melatonin increased β-catenin protein expression and activation in human neuroblastoma cell lines SH-SY5Y cells. Melatonin also inhibited PrP (106-126)-induced neurotoxicity and the inhibition attenuated by treatment of β-catenin inhibitor ICG-001. Activation of β-catenin blocked PrP (106-126)-mediated downregulation of anti-apoptotic protein survivin and Bcl-2. Reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, translocation of Bax, and cytochrome c release which induced by PrP (106-126) treatment were inhibited by β-catenin activation, which contributed to prevented PrP (106-126)-induced neuronal cell death. In conclusion, β-catenin activation by melatonin prevented PrP (106-126)-induced neuronal cell death through regulating anti-apoptotic proteins and mitochondrial pathways. These results also suggest the therapeutic value of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in prion-related disorders as influenced by melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Kyo Jeong
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
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Martín V, Sanchez-Sanchez AM, Puente-Moncada N, Gomez-Lobo M, Alvarez-Vega MA, Antolín I, Rodriguez C. Involvement of autophagy in melatonin-induced cytotoxicity in glioma-initiating cells. J Pineal Res 2014; 57:308-16. [PMID: 25163989 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma-initiating cells (GICs) represent a stem cell-like subpopulation within malignant glioblastomas responsible for tumor development, progression, therapeutic resistance, and tumor relapse. Thus, eradication of this subpopulation is essential to achieve stable, long-lasting remission. We have previously reported that melatonin decreases cell proliferation of glioblastoma cells both in vitro and in vivo and synergistically increases effectiveness of drugs in glioblastoma cells and also in GICs. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the indolamine alone in GICs and found that melatonin treatment reduces GICs proliferation and induces a decrease in self-renewal and clonogenic ability accompanied by a reduction in the expression of stem cell markers. Moreover, our results also indicate that melatonin treatment, by modulating stem cell properties, induces cell death with ultrastructural features of autophagy. Thus, data reported here reinforce the therapeutic potential of melatonin as a treatment of malignant glioblastoma both by inhibiting tumor bulk proliferation or killing GICs, and simultaneously enhancing the effect of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Martín
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
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Jenwitheesuk A, Nopparat C, Mukda S, Wongchitrat P, Govitrapong P. Melatonin regulates aging and neurodegeneration through energy metabolism, epigenetics, autophagy and circadian rhythm pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16848-84. [PMID: 25247581 PMCID: PMC4200827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain aging is linked to certain types of neurodegenerative diseases and identifying new therapeutic targets has become critical. Melatonin, a pineal hormone, associates with molecules and signaling pathways that sense and influence energy metabolism, autophagy, and circadian rhythms, including insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Forkhead box O (FoxOs), sirtuins and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. This review summarizes the current understanding of how melatonin, together with molecular, cellular and systemic energy metabolisms, regulates epigenetic processes in the neurons. This information will lead to a greater understanding of molecular epigenetic aging of the brain and anti-aging mechanisms to increase lifespan under healthy conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anorut Jenwitheesuk
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Chutikorn Nopparat
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Sujira Mukda
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Prapimpun Wongchitrat
- Center for Innovation Development and Technology Transfer, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
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Dirks-Naylor AJ, Kouzi SA, Bero JD, Phan DT, Taylor HN, Whitt SD, Mabolo R. Doxorubicin alters the mitochondrial dynamics machinery and mitophagy in the liver of treated animals. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2014; 28:633-42. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samir A. Kouzi
- Wingate University School of Pharmacy; Wingate NC 28174 USA
| | - Joseph D. Bero
- Wingate University School of Pharmacy; Wingate NC 28174 USA
| | - Diep T. Phan
- Wingate University School of Pharmacy; Wingate NC 28174 USA
| | | | | | - Raean Mabolo
- Wingate University School of Pharmacy; Wingate NC 28174 USA
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46
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San‐Miguel B, Crespo I, Vallejo D, Álvarez M, Prieto J, González‐Gallego J, Tuñón MJ. Melatonin modulates the autophagic response in acute liver failure induced by the rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus. J Pineal Res 2014; 56:313-21. [PMID: 24499270 PMCID: PMC7166588 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an important survival pathway and participates in the host response to infection. Beneficial effects of melatonin have been previously reported in an animal model of acute liver failure (ALF) induced by the rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). This study was aimed to investigate whether melatonin protection against liver injury induced by the RHDV associates to modulation of autophagy. Rabbits were infected with 2 × 10(4) hemagglutination units of a RHDV isolate and received 20 mg/kg melatonin at 0, 12, and 24 hr postinfection. RHDV induced autophagy, with increased expression of beclin-1, ubiquitin-like autophagy-related (Atg)5, Atg12, Atg16L1 and sequestrosome 1 (p62/SQSTM1), protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) staining, and conversion of LC3-I to autophagosome-associated LC3-II. These effects reached a maximum at 24 hr postinfection, in parallel to extensive colocalization of LC3 and lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP)-1. The autophagic response induced by RHDV infection was significantly inhibited by melatonin administration. Melatonin treatment also resulted in decreased immunoreactivity for RHDV viral VP60 antigen and a significantly reduction in RHDV VP60 mRNA levels, oxidized to reduced glutathione ratio (GSSG/GSH), caspase-3 activity, and immunoglobulin-heavy-chain-binding protein (BiP) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) expression. Results indicate that, in addition to its antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects, and the suppression of ER stress, melatonin induces a decrease in autophagy associated with RHDV infection and inhibits RHDV RNA replication. Results obtained reveal novel molecular pathways accounting for the protective effect of melatonin in this animal model of ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Crespo
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED)University of LeónLeónSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)Spain
| | - Daniela Vallejo
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED)University of LeónLeónSpain
| | | | - Jesús Prieto
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)Spain
- Division of Hepatology and Gene TherapyCenter for Applied Medical Research (CIMA)University of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Javier González‐Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED)University of LeónLeónSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)Spain
| | - María J. Tuñón
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED)University of LeónLeónSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)Spain
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c-Abl Tyrosine Kinase Mediates Neurotoxic Prion Peptide-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis via Regulating Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 49:1102-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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48
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Wang P, Sun X, Chang C, Feng F, Liang D, Cheng L, Ma F. Delay in leaf senescence of Malus hupehensis by long-term melatonin application is associated with its regulation of metabolic status and protein degradation. J Pineal Res 2013; 55:424-34. [PMID: 24103092 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin has an important anti-aging role in plant physiology. We tested the effects of long-term melatonin exposure on metabolic status and protein degradation during natural leaf senescence in trees of Malus hupehensis Rehd. The 2-month regular supplement of 100 μm melatonin to the soil once every 6 days altered the metabolic status and delayed protein degradation. For example, leaves from treated plants had significantly higher photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll concentrations, and levels of three photosynthetic end products (sorbitol, sucrose, and starch) when compared with the control. The significant inhibition of hexose (fructose and glucose) accumulation possibly regulated the signaling of MdHXK1, a gene for which expression was also repressed by melatonin during senescence. The plants also exhibited better preservation of their nitrogen, total soluble protein, and Rubisco protein concentrations than the control. The slower process of protein degradation might be a result of melatonin-linked inhibition on the expression of apple autophagy-related genes (ATGs). Our results are the first to provide evidence for this delay in senescence based on the metabolic alteration and protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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49
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Moon MH, Jeong JK, Lee YJ, Park SY. FTY720 protects neuronal cells from damage induced by human prion protein by inactivating the JNK pathway. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:1387-93. [PMID: 24142108 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases affect the central nervous system (CNS) in humans and animals, and are associated with the conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) to the misfolded isoform (PrPSc). FTY720, an immune modulator and synthetic analogue of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), activates S1P receptors and has been shown to be effective in experimental models of transplantation and autoimmunity, including multiple sclerosis. Whereas the immune modulatory functions of FTY720 have been extensively investigated, the other functions of FTY720 are not yet well understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of FTY720 phosphate (FTY720-p) on prion protein-mediated neuronal cell death, as well as its effects on intracellular apoptotic pathways. Treatment with FTY720-p protected neuronal cells from synthetic human prion protein peptide [PrP (106‑126)]-mediated damage and prevented mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting the activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase. Moreover, FTY720-p prevented the PrP (106‑126)-induced reduction in mitochondrial potential, the translocation of Bax to the mitochondria and the release of cytochrome c. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the effects of FTY720 on prion protein-mediated neurotoxicity and to suggest that FTY720 has therapeutic potential in prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Hee Moon
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
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50
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Vilar A, de Lemos L, Patraca I, Martínez N, Folch J, Junyent F, Verdaguer E, Pallàs M, Auladell C, Camins A. Melatonin suppresses nitric oxide production in glial cultures by pro-inflammatory cytokines through p38 MAPK inhibition. Free Radic Res 2013; 48:119-28. [PMID: 24060108 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.845295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin has been shown to down-regulate inflammatory responses and provide neuroprotection. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory properties of melatonin are poorly understood. In the present work, we studied the modulatory effect of melatonin against pro-inflammatory cytokines in glial cell cultures. Treatment with pro-inflammatory cytokines mainly tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1-beta, and interferon-gamma induces an increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production. Pre-treatment with melatonin produced an inhibitory effect on iNOS expression and NO production. The biochemical studies revealed that cytokine treatment favors the activation of several pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), STAT1, and STAT3; however, the anti-inflammatory effect of melatonin was accompanied only by a decrease in p38 MAPK activity. Likewise, SB203580 a p38 kinase inhibitor inhibits NO production. These data indicate that the anti-inflammatory action of melatonin in glial cells after stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines may be in part, attributable to p38 inhibition which down-regulates iNOS expression and NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vilar
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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