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Katar M, Gevrek F. Relation of the intense physical exercise and asprosin concentrations in type 2 diabetic rats. Tissue Cell 2024; 90:102501. [PMID: 39146675 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
AIM Asprosin, a protein hormone, is released by unilocular adipocytes in reaction to low blood sugar. We aimed to examine how exercise affects asprosin hormone levels and associated organs, including the liver and pancreas, in diabetes. METHODS Twenty-one male Wistar albino rats were firstly allocated into two main groups: control (n = 7) and diabetes (n = 14). Then, the diabetes group was further separated into two subgroups: sedentary (n = 7) and exercise (n = 7). The exercise group participated in a swimming training regimen (30 min/daily, six weeks). Serum levels of asprosin and various other biochemical parameters were evaluated through commercial ELISA kits. The liver was analyzed histopathologically, and pancreatic islet cells were examined for Cas-3 immune expression. RESULTS Asprosin and total oxidant status decreased significantly in the exercise diabetic subgroup (p < 0.05). Glucose, insulin, creatinine, IL-6, and HomaIR concentrations decreased slightly with exercise (p > 0.05). Liver tissue injury scores and Cas-3 immune expression in pancreas islet cells decreased in exercise diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS Reducing asprosin may lower glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Physical activity decreases asprosin and total oxidative status, fostering anti-apoptosis and tissue healing in diabetes, potentially enhancing health. Monitoring asprosin levels offers insights into diabetes progression. Our findings imply that asprosin can be a therapeutic target for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffer Katar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkiye
| | - Fikret Gevrek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkiye.
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Tuon L, Tramontin NS, Custódio I, Comim VH, Costa B, Tietbohl LTW, Muller AP. Serum Biomarkers to Mild Cognitive Deficits in Children and Adolescents. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:7080-7087. [PMID: 37526895 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03536-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a condition characterized by significant limitations in both cognitive development and adaptive behavior. The diagnosis is made through clinical assessment, standardized tests, and intelligence quotient (IQ). Genetic, inflammation, oxidative stress, and diet have been suggested to contribute to ID, and biomarkers could potentially aid in diagnosis and treatment. Study included children and adolescents aged 6-16 years. The ID group (n = 16) and the control group (n = 18) underwent the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) test, and blood samples were collected. Correlations between biomarker levels and WISC-IV test scores were analyzed. The ID group had an IQ score below 75, and the values of four domains (IQ, IOP, IMO, and IVP) were lower compared to the control group. Serum levels of FKN, NGF-β, and vitamin B12 were decreased in the ID group, while DCFH and nitrite levels were increased. Positive correlations were found between FKN and the QIT and IOP domains, NGF and the QIT and IMO domains, and vitamin B12 and the ICV domain. TNF-α showed a negative correlation with the ICV domain. Our study identified FKN, NGF-β, and vitamin B12 as potential biomarkers specific to ID, which could aid in the diagnosis and treatment of ID. TNF-α and oxidative stress biomarkers suggest that ID has a complex etiology, and further research is needed to better understand this condition and develop effective treatments. Future studies could explore the potential implications of these biomarkers and develop targeted interventions based on their findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiane Tuon
- Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Isis Custódio
- Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Vitor Hugo Comim
- Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Barbara Costa
- Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Pastoris Muller
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
- Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Inguscio CR, Lacavalla MA, Cisterna B, Zancanaro C, Malatesta M. Physical Training Chronically Stimulates the Motor Neuron Cell Nucleus in the Ts65Dn Mouse, a Model of Down Syndrome. Cells 2023; 12:1488. [PMID: 37296609 PMCID: PMC10252427 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetically-based disease based on the trisomy of chromosome 21 (Hsa21). DS is characterized by intellectual disability in association with several pathological traits among which early aging and altered motor coordination are prominent. Physical training or passive exercise were found to be useful in counteracting motor impairment in DS subjects. In this study we used the Ts65Dn mouse, a widely accepted animal model of DS, to investigate the ultrastructural architecture of the medullary motor neuron cell nucleus taken as marker of the cell functional state. Using transmission electron microscopy, ultrastructural morphometry, and immunocytochemistry we carried out a detailed investigation of possible trisomy-related alteration(s) of nuclear constituents, which are known to vary their amount and distribution as a function of nuclear activity, as well as the effect of adapted physical training upon them. Results demonstrated that trisomy per se affects nuclear constituents to a limited extent; however, adapted physical training is able to chronically stimulate pre-mRNA transcription and processing activity in motor neuron nuclei of trisomic mice, although to a lesser extent than in their euploid mates. These findings are a step towards understanding the mechanisms underlying the positive effect of physical activity in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carlo Zancanaro
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134 Verona, Italy; (C.R.I.); (M.A.L.); (B.C.); (M.M.)
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Kamińska K, Ciołek M, Krysta K, Krzystanek M. Benefits of Treadmill Training for Patients with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:808. [PMID: 37239280 PMCID: PMC10216428 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various results of treadmill training in children and adults with Down syndrome (DS). METHODS To provide an overview of this effectiveness, we conducted a systematic literature review of studies in which participants with DS from all age groups received treadmill training, alone or combined with physiotherapy. We also looked for comparisons with control groups of patients with DS who did not undergo treadmill training. The search was performed in medical databases: PubMed, PEDro, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science, and included trials published until February 2023. Following PRISMA criteria, the risk of bias assessment was conducted using a tool developed by the Cochrane Collaboration for RCT. The selected studies presented multiple outcomes with differences in methodology; therefore, we were not able to conduct any sort of data synthesis, so we present measures of treatment effect as mean differences and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS We selected 25 studies for the analysis with a total number of 687 participants, and identified 25 different outcomes which are presented in a narrative manner. In all outcomes we observed positive results favoring the treadmill training. DISCUSSION Introducing treadmill exercise into typical physiotherapy generates improvement in mental and physical health of people with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kamińska
- Students’ Scientific Association, Department and Clinic of Rehabilitation Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Michał Ciołek
- Students’ Scientific Association, Department and Clinic of Rehabilitation Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Krzysztof Krysta
- Department and Clinic of Rehabilitation Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Marek Krzystanek
- Department and Clinic of Rehabilitation Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
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Hetman M, Barg E. Pediatric Population with Down Syndrome: Obesity and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Their Assessment Using Omics Techniques-Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123219. [PMID: 36551975 PMCID: PMC9775395 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
People with Down syndrome (PWDS) are more at risk for developing obesity, oxidative stress disorders, metabolic disorders, and lipid and carbohydrate profile disorders than the general population. The presence of an additional copy of genes on chromosome 21 (i.e., the superoxide dismutase 1 gene (SOD1) and gene coding for the cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) enzyme) raises the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). As a result of disorders in metabolic processes and biochemical pathways, theoretically protective factors (low homocysteine level, high SOD1 level) do not fulfil their original functions. Overexpression of the CBS gene leads to the accumulation of homocysteine-a CVD risk factor. An excessive amount of protective SOD1, in the case of a lack of compensatory increase in the activity of catalase and peroxidase, leads to intensifying free radical processes. The occurrence of metabolic disorders and the amplified effect of oxidative stress carries higher risk of exposure of people with DS to CVD. At present, classic predispositions are known, but it is necessary to identify early risk factors in order to be able to employ CVD and obesity prophylaxis. Detailed determination of the metabolic and lipid profile may provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying CVD.
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Elshafey MA, Alsakhawi RS. Inspiratory Muscle Training and Physical Fitness in Children With Down Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2022; 103:2279-2287. [PMID: 35533737 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on physical fitness in children with Down syndrome (DS). DESIGN Randomized control trial. SETTING The study was conducted in a private physical therapy center. PARTICIPANTS Forty boys and girls with DS aged between 7 and 10 years were enrolled in this study (N=40). They were randomly and equally divided into 2 groups (A and B). INTERVENTIONS All participants received 30 minutes of aerobic exercise training 3 times per week for 12 weeks, whereas group B received an additional 30 minutes of IMT before each aerobic exercise session. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP); maximal expiratory pressure (MEP); submaximal aerobic endurance; muscular strength; endurance. RESULTS Among the group undergoing IMT, there were significant improvements in MIP, MEP, and submaximal aerobic endurance using the six-minute walk test (6MWT); strength and endurance using the curl-up, dumbbell press, trunk lift, standing long jump, seated push-up, pull-up, and flexed-arm hang; and back saver sit and reach tests (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Inspiratory muscle training and aerobic exercise training demonstrated more significant improvements in physical fitness than in those children who received only aerobic exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ali Elshafey
- Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham Saeed Alsakhawi
- Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Analysis of yogic practices and aerobic exercise on flexibility among children with down syndrome. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2022. [DOI: 10.53730/ijhs.v6ns2.6081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Analysis the impact of Yogic Practices and Aerobic Exercises on Flexibility among children with Down syndrome. Aim: This study aims to identify the effect of Yogic Practices and Aerobic Exercises on Flexibility among children with Down syndrome. Research Design : Random group design was used as research design. Material and Methods : 30 down syndrome boys age group 12 to 18 years have been selected for as final samples for further data collection process of the study. Subjects for study have been chosen from Anugragha special school Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. The subjects were divided into three groups, namely Yogic practice group, Aerobic exercise group, and control group, each group consisting of 10 subjects. The subjects were divided into three groups, namely Yogic practice group, Aerobic exercise group, and control group, each group consisting of 10 subjects. The study was conducted on dependent variables such as flexibility.
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Peripheral Oxidation Markers in Down Syndrome Patients: The Better and the Worse. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:5581139. [PMID: 34257747 PMCID: PMC8260317 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5581139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in Down syndrome (DS) pathology since the gene dose effect leads to abnormal levels of certain enzymes and metabolites. In this review, we focused on relatively easy-to-obtain, peripheral markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, in order to compare the levels of these markers in DS patients and chromosomally healthy persons. Studies taking into account age- and sex-matched control groups were of particular interest in this context. We analyzed the factors that influence the levels of said markers in both groups (i.e., the usefulness of the markers), including the age of DS patients, occurrence of regular trisomy 21 or mosaicism, physical activity of patients, and the onset of Alzheimer's disease in DS. This paper was conceived as a handbook-to help for selecting suitable, easy-to-obtain markers for monitoring of the health status of DS patients (e.g., in nutritional studies and during dietary supplementation).
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical therapists (PTs) have a broad range of approaches to the management of Down syndrome (DS). PURPOSE To examine the breadth of physical therapy practice for children with DS. METHODS A survey was distributed to 1000 randomly selected members of the Academy of Pediatric Physical Therapy. DATA ANALYSIS Responses were categorized into 13 thematic subcategories and 3 International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) subcategories. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION One hundred eight PTs participated. Joint stability and alignment were the most common physical therapy-related problem. Functional movement was the most common physical therapy intervention. Most clinicians identified and treated at the ICF level of body functions and structure. Multiple assessment tools were used and tended to include norm-referenced tests. There was diversity of interventions with varying amounts of supporting evidence. CONCLUSIONS PTs manage children with DS for a wide variety of needs with a variety of interventions.
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A Short-Term Resistance Training Circuit Improved Antioxidants in Sedentary Adults with Down Syndrome. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8811153. [PMID: 33532037 PMCID: PMC7840230 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8811153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have found aerobic training improved oxidative damage in people with Down syndrome (DS). However, there is a lack of information regarding the influence of resistance training on redox imbalance in this population. Accordingly, this study was conducted to determine the effect of resistance training (RT) on antioxidant defence system in sedentary adults with DS. Thirty-six male adults with DS were recruited through different community support groups. Eighteen were randomly assigned to perform a circuit RT program with 6 stations, 3 days/week for 12 weeks. Plasma total antioxidant status (TAS), reduced glutathione (GHS), ascorbate, serum α-tocopherol, and erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity were assessed. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl groups (CG) were assessed as markers of oxidative damage. Muscle strength was also measured. Dynamic torque of knee extensors and flexors as well as maximal handgrip strength was significantly improved after the completion of the training program. Plasma levels of TAS and erythrocyte glutathione reductase (GR) activity were significantly increased. Conversely, MDA and CG levels were significantly reduced. It was concluded RT improved antioxidant defence system and reduced oxidative damage in adults with DS. Further, long-term studies are required to determine whether the increased antioxidant system may improve clinical outcomes of adults with DS.
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Paul Y, Ellapen TJ, Barnard M, Hammill HV, Swanepoel M. The health benefits of exercise therapy for patients with Down syndrome: A systematic review. Afr J Disabil 2019; 8:576. [PMID: 31745461 PMCID: PMC6852506 DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v8i0.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many patients with Down syndrome (PWDS) have poor cardiometabolic risk profiles, aerobic capacities and weak hypotonic muscles, primarily because of physical inactivity and poor diet. Objectives This study discusses the benefits of exercise therapy on body composition, aerobic capacity, muscle strength, proprioception and cardiometabolic profiles of PWDS. Methods A literature review using the Crossref metadatabase, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), focusing on the period 2007-2018, was undertaken. Each record was judged adopting the modified Downs and Black Appraisal Scale. The literature investigation identified 15 701 records. Records were excluded if they were published before 2007, pertained to the impact of exercise on intellectual disabilities beyond Down syndrome or the impact of medical, pharmaceutical, nutrition and psychological interventions among PWDS and were published in languages besides English. Nineteen articles were synthesised into this commentary. Results PWDS have a heightened cardiometabolic risk profile and high oxidative stress associated with elevated insulin resistance, poor insulin sensitivity, atherosclerosis and hypertension. PWDS have low aerobic capacity (VO2max), peak heart rates, muscle strength, agility and balance. Regular physical activity is beneficial to improve their VO2max and muscle strength. Moreover, regular physical activity reduces lipid peroxidation and arterial cell wall damage, the pathogenesis of atheroma is limited. Conclusion Exercise therapy compliance seems to have a positive impact on the cardiometabolic risk profile, muscle strength and aerobic work capacity of PWDS. Nonetheless, additional vigorous experimental investigations are necessary to better understand the effect of exercise therapy on the aerobic, strength, proprioception and cardiometabolic risk profile of PWDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Paul
- Department of Sport and Dental Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Terry J Ellapen
- School of Biokinetics, Recreation and Sport, Physical Activity Sport and Recreation (PhASRec), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Marco Barnard
- School of Biokinetics, Recreation and Sport, Physical Activity Sport and Recreation (PhASRec), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Henriëtte V Hammill
- School of Biokinetics, Recreation and Sport, Physical Activity Sport and Recreation (PhASRec), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Mariëtte Swanepoel
- School of Biokinetics, Recreation and Sport, Physical Activity Sport and Recreation (PhASRec), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Shields N, Downs J, de Haan JB, Taylor NF, Torr J, Fernhall B, Kingsley M, Mnatzaganian G, Leonard H. What effect does regular exercise have on oxidative stress in people with Down syndrome? A systematic review with meta-analyses. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 21:596-603. [PMID: 29103914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE What effect does regular exercise have on oxidative stress in people with Down syndrome? DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analyses. METHODS A systematic review with meta-analyses was conducted. Six databases were searched from inception until August 2017. Studies where included if participants with Down syndrome (any age) had completed an exercise program of at least 6 weeks duration and at least one biomarker measured the generation or removal of reactive oxidative species. Data were extracted using a customised form. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias assessment tool. Effect sizes were calculated and meta-analyses completed for clinically homogeneous data using a random effects model. RESULTS Seven studies (11 articles) involving 144 inactive participants investigated the effect of moderate intensity aerobic exercise. No pattern emerged for how most biomarkers responded with non-significant pooled effect sizes and high levels of heterogeneity observed. The exception was catalase which increased significantly after exercise (standardised mean difference 0.39, 95%CI 0.04-0.75; I2 15%). Available studies were at high risk of bias. Two of five studies that measured more than one biomarker reported a decrease in oxidative stress with increased antioxidant activity after exercise but the other three (including one small randomised controlled trial) reported increased oxidative stress with variable change in antioxidant activity. CONCLUSIONS There remains uncertainty about the effect of exercise on oxidative stress in people with Down syndrome. REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42016048492.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Shields
- School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Australia; Northern Health, Australia.
| | - Jenny Downs
- Telethon Kids Institute, Australia; School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Sciences, Curtin University, Australia.
| | | | - Nicholas F Taylor
- School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Australia; Allied Health Clinical Research Office, Eastern Health, Australia.
| | - Jennifer Torr
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Australia.
| | - Bo Fernhall
- University of Illinois at Chicago, United States.
| | | | | | - Helen Leonard
- Telethon Kids Institute, Australia; University of Western Australia, Australia.
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de Sousa MC, Vieira RB, Dos Santos DS, Carvalho CAT, Camargo SEA, Mancini MNG, de Oliveira LD. Antioxidants and biomarkers of oxidative damage in the saliva of patients with Down's syndrome. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 60:600-5. [PMID: 25621938 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems and levels of biomarker levels of oxidative damage in the saliva of patients with Down's syndrome (DS). METHODS Saliva samples were collected from 30 patients with DS and control group (age: 14-24 years). Subsequently, the concentrations of superoxide dismutase, concentration of malondialdehyde, carbonylated proteins, uric acid, vitamin C and total protein, peroxidase activity and total antioxidant capacity were analyzed. RESULTS Patients with DS presented significantly higher concentrations of superoxide dismutase, higher levels of malondialdehyde and salivary total protein content than controls (p<0.05). Conversely, no difference in carbonylated proteins or antioxidants (uric acid, vitamin C, peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity) was observed between DS patients and controls (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Patients with DS are more vulnerable to oxidative stress in saliva as indicated by the significant increase in malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase concentrations found in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Cardoso de Sousa
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of São José dos Campos, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, Cep 12245-000 SP, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Brizola Vieira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of São José dos Campos, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, Cep 12245-000 SP, Brazil.
| | - Danielle Sá Dos Santos
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of São José dos Campos, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, Cep 12245-000 SP, Brazil.
| | - Claudio Antonio Talge Carvalho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of São José dos Campos, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, Cep 12245-000 SP, Brazil.
| | - Samira Esteves Afonso Camargo
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of São José dos Campos, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, Cep 12245-000 SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Nadir Gasparoto Mancini
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of São José dos Campos, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, Cep 12245-000 SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of São José dos Campos, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, Cep 12245-000 SP, Brazil.
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Rosety-Rodriguez M, Diaz AJ, Rosety I, Rosety MA, Camacho A, Fornieles G, Rosety M, Ordonez FJ. Exercise reduced inflammation: but for how long after training? JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2014; 58:874-879. [PMID: 24224738 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that obese people with trisomy 21 suffer from low-grade systemic inflammation. A recent study has found that aerobic training reduced inflammation in obese women with Down syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, the study reported in this paper is the first to determine for how long these effects were maintained after completion of the programme. METHODS Twenty premenopausal obese women (18-30 years old) with Down syndrome volunteered for this study. Eleven were randomly assigned to the intervention group and performed a 10-week aerobic training programme, 3 sessions per week, consisting of warming-up followed by treadmill exercise (30-40 min) at a work intensity of 55-65% of peak heart rate and a cooling-down period. The control group included 9, age, sex and BMI matched women with Down syndrome that did not perform any training programme. Fat mass percentage and distribution were measured. Plasma level of IL-6 and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were monitored. Time-course changes for these outcomes were assessed at pre- and post-intervention. Further, they were re-evaluated at 1, 3 and 6 months after completion of the programme. RESULTS Three months after completion of the programme, plasma levels of IL-6 and hs-CRP were significantly increased. Up to 6 months later, both fat mass percentage and waist circumference (WC) were significantly increased. Furthermore, physical fitness was also impaired in the intervention group. No changes were observed in the control group. CONCLUSION A 3-month detraining period significantly impaired chronic inflammation in obese women with DS.
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Ordonez FJ, Rosety MA, Camacho A, Rosety I, Diaz AJ, Fornieles G, Garcia N, Rosety-Rodriguez M. Aerobic training improved low-grade inflammation in obese women with intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2014; 58:583-590. [PMID: 23742222 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major health problem in people with intellectual disabilities. It is also widely accepted that low-grade systemic inflammation associated to obesity plays a key role in the pathogenic mechanism of several disorders. Fortunately, physical activity has shown to improve inflammation in people with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Accordingly, we assessed the influence of aerobic training on pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in women with Down syndrome. METHODS To achieve this outcome, 20 premenopausal obese young women with Down syndrome volunteered for this study. Eleven were randomly assigned to the intervention group and performed a 10-week aerobic training programme, three sessions per week, consisting of a warm-up then a 30- to 40-min treadmill exercise at a work intensity of 55-65% of peak heart rate followed by a cooling-down period. The control group included nine age-, sex- and body mass index-matched women with Down syndrome. Fat mass percentage and fat distribution were measured. Plasmatic levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and fibrinogen were assessed by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. C-reactive protein (CRP) was assessed by nephelometry. RESULTS Plasmatic levels of TNF-α (11.7 ± 1.6 vs. 9.2 ± 1.3 pg/ml; P = 0.022), IL-6 (8.2 ± 1.1 vs. 6.1 ± 0.9 pg/ml; P = 0.014) and high sensitive CRP (0.62 ± 0.11 vs. 0.53 ± 0.09 mg/dl; P = 0.009) were significantly reduced in the intervention group. Further, significant correlations between plasmatic and anthropometric parameters were found. CONCLUSION A 10-week training programme reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in obese young women with Down syndrome. Long-term, well-conducted studies are still required to determine whether correction of this low-grade inflammation improves clinical outcomes of women with trisomy 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Ordonez
- School of Sports Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
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Ordonez FJ, Rosety MA, Camacho A, Rosety I, Diaz AJ, Fornieles G, Bernardi M, Rosety-Rodriguez M. Arm-cranking exercise reduced oxidative damage in adults with chronic spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2013; 94:2336-2341. [PMID: 23811316 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of a 12-week arm-cranking exercise program on reducing oxidative damage in untrained adults with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Community-based supervised intervention. PARTICIPANTS Male adults with complete SCI at or below the fifth thoracic level (T5) (N=17) volunteered for this study. Participants were randomly allocated to the intervention (n=9) or control (n=8) group using a concealed method. INTERVENTION A 12-week arm-cranking exercise program, 3 sessions/wk, consisting of warming-up (10-15min) followed by a main part in arm-crank (20-30min [increasing 2min and 30s every 3wk]) at a moderate work intensity of 50% to 65% of the heart rate reserve (starting at 50% and increasing 5% every 3 weeks) and by a cooling-down period (5-10min). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Plasmatic levels of total antioxidant status as well as erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity were measured. Lipid and protein oxidation were determined as malondialdehyde and carbonyl group levels, respectively. Furthermore, physical fitness and body composition were assessed. RESULTS When compared with baseline results, maximum oxygen consumption was significantly increased (P=.031), suggesting an improvement in physical fitness in the intervention group. Regarding the antioxidant defense system, it was found that both total antioxidant status (P=.014) and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity (P=.027) were significantly increased at the end of the training program. As a consequence, plasmatic levels of malondialdehyde (P=.008) and carbonyl groups (P=.022) were significantly reduced. CONCLUSION A 12-week arm-cranking exercise program improved the antioxidant defense system in adults with chronic SCI, which may finally attenuate both lipid and protein oxidation in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel A Rosety
- School of Sports Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Alejandra Camacho
- Division of Internal Medicine, Juan Ramon Jimenez Hospital, Huelva, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rosety
- Human Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Antonio J Diaz
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Gabriel Fornieles
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Marco Bernardi
- School of Speciality in Sports Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer," "Sapienza," University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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