1
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Howe G, Wasmuth M, Emanuelle P, Massaro G, Rahim AA, Ali S, Rivera M, Ward J, Keshavarz-Moore E, Mason C, Nesbeth DN. Engineering an Autonucleolytic Mammalian Suspension Host Cell Line to Reduce DNA Impurity Levels in Serum-Free Lentiviral Process Streams. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:466-473. [PMID: 38266181 PMCID: PMC10877604 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
We engineered HEK293T cells with a transgene encoding tetracycline-inducible expression of a Staphylococcus aureus nuclease incorporating a translocation signal. We adapted the unmodified and nuclease-engineered cell lines to grow in suspension in serum-free media, generating the HEK293TS and NuPro-2S cell lines, respectively. Transient transfection yielded 1.19 × 106 lentiviral transducing units per milliliter (TU/mL) from NuPro-2S cells and 1.45 × 106 TU/mL from HEK293TS cells. DNA ladder disappearance revealed medium-resident nuclease activity arising from NuPro-2S cells in a tetracycline-inducible manner. DNA impurity levels in lentiviral material arising from NuPro-2S and HEK293TS cells were undetectable by SYBR Safe agarose gel staining. Direct measurement by PicoGreen reagent revealed DNA to be present at 636 ng/mL in lentiviral material from HEK293TS cells, an impurity level reduced by 89% to 70 ng/mL in lentiviral material from NuPro-2S cells. This reduction was comparable to the 23 ng/mL achieved by treating HEK293TS-derived lentiviral material with 50 units/mL Benzonase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Howe
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering, University College
London, Bernard Katz
Building, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Wasmuth
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering, University College
London, Bernard Katz
Building, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Emanuelle
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering, University College
London, Bernard Katz
Building, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Massaro
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
| | - Ahad A. Rahim
- UCL
School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.
| | - Sadfer Ali
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering, University College
London, Bernard Katz
Building, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Milena Rivera
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering, University College
London, Bernard Katz
Building, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - John Ward
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering, University College
London, Bernard Katz
Building, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Eli Keshavarz-Moore
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering, University College
London, Bernard Katz
Building, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Mason
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering, University College
London, Bernard Katz
Building, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Darren N. Nesbeth
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering, University College
London, Bernard Katz
Building, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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2
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Zhang Y, Srivastava V, Zhang B. Mammalian cargo receptors for endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transport: mechanisms and interactions. Biochem Soc Trans 2023:BST20220713. [PMID: 37334845 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Proteins that are destined to enter the secretory pathway are synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then translocated into the ER lumen, where they undergo posttranslational modifications, folding, and assembly. After passing a quality control system, the cargo proteins are packaged into coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles to exit the ER. In metazoans, most COPII subunits have multiple paralogs, enabling COPII vesicles the flexibility to transport a diverse range of cargo. The cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane proteins can interact with SEC24 subunits of COPII to enter the ER exit sites. Some transmembrane proteins may also act as cargo receptors that bind soluble secretory proteins within the ER lumen, enabling them to enter COPII vesicles. The cytoplasmic domains of cargo receptors also contain coat protein complex I binding motifs that allow for their cycling back to the ER after unloading their cargo in the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment and cis-Golgi. Once unloaded, the soluble cargo proteins continue maturation through the Golgi before reaching their final destinations. This review provides an overview of receptor-mediated transport of secretory proteins from the ER to the Golgi, with a focus on the current understanding of two mammalian cargo receptors: the LMAN1-MCFD2 complex and SURF4, and their roles in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A
| | - Vishal Srivastava
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A
| | - Bin Zhang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A
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3
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Ali S, Rivera M, Ward J, Keshavarz-Moore E, Mason C, Nesbeth DN. Serum-free lentiviral vector production is compatible with medium-resident nuclease activity arising from adherent HEK293T host cells engineered with a nuclease-encoding transgene. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17067. [PMID: 37484388 PMCID: PMC10361239 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
At present lentiviral vector production for cell and gene therapy commonly involves transient plasmid transfection of mammalian cells cultivated in serum-containing media and addition of exogenous nuclease to reduce host cell and plasmid DNA impurities. Switching from serum-containing media to chemically-defined, serum free media, and minimising the number of process additions, are both increasingly regarded as necessary steps for simplifying and potentially automating lentiviral vector bioprocessing in future. Here we adapted human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells to grow in serum-free media and also modified these cells with transgenes designed to encode a secreted nuclease activity. Stable transfection of HEK293T cells with transgenes encoding the Staphylococcus aureus nuclease B (NucB) open reading frame with either its native secretion signal peptide, the murine Igκ chain leader sequence or a novel viral transport fusion protein, all resulted in qualitatively detectable nuclease activity in serum-free media. Serum-free transient transfection of human embryonic kidney HEK293T cells stably harbouring the transgene for NucB with its native secretion signal produced active lentivirus in the presence of medium-resident nuclease activity. This lentivirus material was able to transduce the AGF-T immortal T cell line with a green fluorescent protein reporter payload at a level of 2.05 × 105 TU/mL (±3.34 × 104 TU/mL). Sufficient nuclease activity was present in 10 μL of this unconcentrated lentivirus material to degrade 1.5 μg DNA within 2 h at 37 °C, without agitation - conditions compatible with lentivirus production. These observations demonstrate that lentiviral vector production, by transient transfection, is compatible with host cells harbouring a nuclease transgene and evidencing nuclease activity in their surrounding growth media. This work provides a solid basis for future investigations, beyond the scope of this present study, in which commercial and academic groups can apply this approach to therapeutic payloads and potentially omit exogenous nuclease bioprocess additions.
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4
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Dorighello G, McPhee M, Halliday K, Dellaire G, Ridgway N. Differential contributions of phosphotransferases CEPT1 and CHPT1 to phosphatidylcholine homeostasis and lipid droplet biogenesis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104578. [PMID: 36871755 PMCID: PMC10166788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The CDP-choline (Kennedy) pathway culminates with the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) by choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase 1 (CEPT1) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and PC synthesis by choline phosphotransferase 1 (CHPT1) in the Golgi apparatus. Whether the PC and PE synthesized by CEPT1 and CHPT1 in the ER and Golgi apparatus has different cellular functions has not been formally addressed. Here we used CRISPR editing to generate CEPT1-and CHPT1-knockout (KO) U2OS cells to assess the differential contribution of the enzymes to feed-back regulation of nuclear CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT)α, the rate-limiting enzyme in PC synthesis, and lipid droplet (LD) biogenesis. We found that CEPT1-KO cells had a 50% and 80% reduction in PC and PE synthesis, respectively, while PC synthesis in CHPT1-KO cells was also reduced by 50%. CEPT1 knockout caused the post-transcriptional induction of CCTα protein expression as well as its dephosphorylation and constitutive localization on the inner nuclear membrane and nucleoplasmic reticulum. This activated CCTα phenotype was prevented by incubating CEPT1-KO cells with PC liposomes to restore end-product inhibition. Additionally, we determined that CEPT1 was in close proximity to cytoplasmic LDs, and CEPT1 knockout resulted in the accumulation of small cytoplasmic LDs, as well as increased nuclear LDs enriched in CCTα. In contrast, CHPT1 knockout had no effect on CCTα regulation or LD biogenesis. Thus, CEPT1 and CHPT1 contribute equally to PC synthesis; however, only PC synthesized by CEPT1 in the ER regulates CCTα and the biogenesis of cytoplasmic and nuclear LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Dorighello
- Depts of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada B3H4R2
| | - Michael McPhee
- Depts of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada B3H4R2
| | - Katie Halliday
- Depts of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada B3H4R2
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Depts of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada B3H4R2; Depts of Pathology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada B3H4R2
| | - NealeD Ridgway
- Depts of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada B3H4R2.
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5
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Lagunas-Gomez D, Yañez-Dominguez C, Zavala-Padilla G, Barlowe C, Pantoja O. The C-terminus of the cargo receptor Erv14 affects COPII vesicle formation and cargo delivery. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:286926. [PMID: 36651113 PMCID: PMC10022740 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the start site of the secretory pathway, where newly synthesized secreted and membrane proteins are packaged into COPII vesicles through direct interaction with the COPII coat or aided by specific cargo receptors. Little is known about how post-translational modification events regulate packaging of cargo into COPII vesicles. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein Erv14, also known as cornichon, belongs to a conserved family of cargo receptors required for the selection and ER export of transmembrane proteins. In this work, we show the importance of a phosphorylation consensus site (S134) at the C-terminus of Erv14. Mimicking phosphorylation of S134 (S134D) prevents the incorporation of Erv14 into COPII vesicles, delays cell growth, exacerbates growth of sec mutants, modifies ER structure and affects localization of several plasma membrane transporters. In contrast, the dephosphorylated mimic (S134A) had less deleterious effects, but still modifies ER structure and slows cell growth. Our results suggest that a possible cycle of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is important for the correct functioning of Erv14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lagunas-Gomez
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico.,Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México
| | - Carolina Yañez-Dominguez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México
| | - Guadalupe Zavala-Padilla
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México
| | - Charles Barlowe
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755-3844, USA
| | - Omar Pantoja
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México
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6
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Tang VT, Ginsburg D. Cargo selection in endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transport and relevant diseases. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:163838. [PMID: 36594468 PMCID: PMC9797344 DOI: 10.1172/jci163838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Most proteins destined for the extracellular space or various intracellular compartments must traverse the intracellular secretory pathway. The first step is the recruitment and transport of cargoes from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen to the Golgi apparatus by coat protein complex II (COPII), consisting of five core proteins. Additional ER transmembrane proteins that aid cargo recruitment are referred to as cargo receptors. Gene duplication events have resulted in multiple COPII paralogs present in the mammalian genome. Here, we review the functions of each COPII protein, human disorders associated with each paralog, and evidence for functional conservation between paralogs. We also provide a summary of current knowledge regarding two prototypical cargo receptors in mammals, LMAN1 and SURF4, and their roles in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vi T. Tang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology,,Life Sciences Institute
| | - David Ginsburg
- Life Sciences Institute,,Department of Internal Medicine,,Department of Human Genetics,,Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, and,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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7
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Ford C, Burd CG. GOPC facilitates the sorting of syndecan-1 in polarized epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar86. [PMID: 35830596 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-05-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The trans-Golgi network must coordinate sorting and secretion of proteins and lipids to intracellular organelles and the plasma membrane. During polarization of epithelial cells, changes in the lipidome and the expression and distribution of proteins contribute to the formation of apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains. Previous studies using HeLa cells show that the syndecan-1 transmembrane domain confers sorting within sphingomyelin-rich vesicles in a sphingomyelin secretion pathway. In polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, we reveal differences in the sorting of syndecan-1, whereupon the correct trafficking of the protein is not dependent on its transmembrane domain and changes in sphingomyelin content of cells during polarization. Instead, we reveal that correct basolateral targeting of syndecan-1 requires a full-length PDZ motif in syndecan-1 and the PDZ domain golgin protein GOPC. Moreover, we reveal changes in Golgi morphology elicited by GOPC overexpression. These results suggest that the role of GOPC in sorting syndecan-1 is indirect and likely due to GOPC effects on Golgi organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Ford
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Christopher G Burd
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
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8
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Gomez-Navarro N, Maldutyte J, Poljak K, Peak-Chew SY, Orme J, Bisnett BJ, Lamb CH, Boyce M, Gianni D, Miller EA. Selective inhibition of protein secretion by abrogating receptor-coat interactions during ER export. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202080119. [PMID: 35901214 PMCID: PMC9351455 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202080119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein secretion is an essential process that drives cell growth, movement, and communication. Protein traffic within the secretory pathway occurs via transport intermediates that bud from one compartment and fuse with a downstream compartment to deliver their contents. Here, we explore the possibility that protein secretion can be selectively inhibited by perturbing protein-protein interactions that drive capture into transport vesicles. Human proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a determinant of cholesterol metabolism whose secretion is mediated by a specific cargo adaptor protein, SEC24A. We map a series of protein-protein interactions between PCSK9, its endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export receptor SURF4, and SEC24A that mediate secretion of PCSK9. We show that the interaction between SURF4 and SEC24A can be inhibited by 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), a small molecule that occludes a cargo-binding domain of SEC24. This inhibition reduces secretion of PCSK9 and additional SURF4 clients that we identify by mass spectrometry, leaving other secreted cargoes unaffected. We propose that selective small-molecule inhibition of cargo recognition by SEC24 is a potential therapeutic intervention for atherosclerosis and other diseases that are modulated by secreted proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gomez-Navarro
- Cell Biology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Julija Maldutyte
- Cell Biology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Poljak
- Cell Biology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Sew-Yeu Peak-Chew
- Cell Biology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathon Orme
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Brittany J. Bisnett
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC27710, USA
| | - Caitlin H. Lamb
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC27710, USA
| | - Michael Boyce
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC27710, USA
| | - Davide Gianni
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB2 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A. Miller
- Cell Biology Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
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9
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A virtuous cycle operated by ERp44 and ERGIC-53 guarantees proteostasis in the early secretory compartment. iScience 2021; 24:102244. [PMID: 33763635 PMCID: PMC7973864 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of the secretome depends on the combined action of cargo receptors that facilitate protein transport and sequential checkpoints that restrict it to native conformers. Acting after endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperones, ERp44 retrieves its clients from downstream compartments. To guarantee efficient quality control, ERp44 should exit the ER as rapidly as its clients, or more. Here, we show that appending ERp44 to different cargo proteins increases their secretion rates. ERp44 binds the cargo receptor ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC)-53 in the ER to negotiate preferential loading into COPII vesicles. Silencing ERGIC-53, or competing for its COPII binding with 4-phenylbutyrate, causes secretion of Prdx4, an enzyme that relies on ERp44 for intracellular localization. In more acidic, zinc-rich downstream compartments, ERGIC-53 releases its clients and ERp44, which can bind and retrieve non-native conformers via KDEL receptors. By coupling the transport of cargoes and inspector proteins, cells ensure efficiency and fidelity of secretion.
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10
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Gomez-Navarro N, Melero A, Li XH, Boulanger J, Kukulski W, Miller EA. Cargo crowding contributes to sorting stringency in COPII vesicles. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151777. [PMID: 32406500 PMCID: PMC7300426 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201806038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate maintenance of organelle identity in the secretory pathway relies on retention and retrieval of resident proteins. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), secretory proteins are packaged into COPII vesicles that largely exclude ER residents and misfolded proteins by mechanisms that remain unresolved. Here we combined biochemistry and genetics with correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) to explore how selectivity is achieved. Our data suggest that vesicle occupancy contributes to ER retention: in the absence of abundant cargo, nonspecific bulk flow increases. We demonstrate that ER leakage is influenced by vesicle size and cargo occupancy: overexpressing an inert cargo protein or reducing vesicle size restores sorting stringency. We propose that cargo recruitment into vesicles creates a crowded lumen that drives selectivity. Retention of ER residents thus derives in part from the biophysical process of cargo enrichment into a constrained spherical membrane-bound carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Melero
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiao-Han Li
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jérôme Boulanger
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wanda Kukulski
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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11
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Casler JC, Zajac AL, Valbuena FM, Sparvoli D, Jeyifous O, Turkewitz AP, Horne-Badovinac S, Green WN, Glick BS. ESCargo: a regulatable fluorescent secretory cargo for diverse model organisms. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2892-2903. [PMID: 33112725 PMCID: PMC7927198 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-09-0591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane traffic can be studied by imaging a cargo protein as it transits the secretory pathway. The best tools for this purpose initially block export of the secretory cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then release the block to generate a cargo wave. However, previously developed regulatable secretory cargoes are often tricky to use or specific for a single model organism. To overcome these hurdles for budding yeast, we recently optimized an artificial fluorescent secretory protein that exits the ER with the aid of the Erv29 cargo receptor, which is homologous to mammalian Surf4. The fluorescent secretory protein forms aggregates in the ER lumen and can be rapidly disaggregated by addition of a ligand to generate a nearly synchronized cargo wave. Here we term this regulatable secretory protein ESCargo (Erv29/Surf4-dependent secretory cargo) and demonstrate its utility not only in yeast cells, but also in cultured mammalian cells, Drosophila cells, and the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. Kinetic studies indicate that rapid export from the ER requires recognition by Erv29/Surf4. By choosing an appropriate ER signal sequence and expression vector, this simple technology can likely be used with many model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. Casler
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Allison L. Zajac
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Fernando M. Valbuena
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Daniela Sparvoli
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Okunola Jeyifous
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Aaron P. Turkewitz
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Sally Horne-Badovinac
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - William N. Green
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
| | - Benjamin S. Glick
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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12
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Kimura AK, Kimura T. Phosphatidylserine biosynthesis pathways in lipid homeostasis: Toward resolution of the pending central issue for decades. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21177. [PMID: 33205488 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001802r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic control of lipid homeostasis in the cell is a vital element in the complex organization of life. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an essential anionic phospholipid of cell membranes, and conducts numerous roles for their structural and functional integrity. In mammalian cells, two distinct enzymes phosphatidylserine synthases-1 (PSS1) and -2 (PSS2) in the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) in the ER perform de novo synthesis of PS. It is based on base-exchange reactions of the preexisting dominant phospholipids phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). While PSS2 specifically catalyzes the reaction "PE → PS," whether or not PSS1 is responsible for the same reaction along with the reaction "PC → PS" remains unsettled despite its fundamental impact on the major stoichiometry. We propose here that a key but the only report that appeared to have put scientists on hold for decades in answering to this issue may be viewed consistently with other available research reports; PSS1 utilizes the two dominant phospholipid classes at a similar intrinsic rate. In this review, we discuss the issue in view of the current information for the enzyme machineries, membrane structure and dynamics, intracellular network of lipid transport, and PS synthesis in health and disease. Resolution of the pending issue is thus critical in advancing our understanding of roles of the essential anionic lipid in biology, health, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko K Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tomohiro Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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13
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S Mogre S, Brown AI, Koslover EF. Getting around the cell: physical transport in the intracellular world. Phys Biol 2020; 17:061003. [PMID: 32663814 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/aba5e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells face the challenging task of transporting a variety of particles through the complex intracellular milieu in order to deliver, distribute, and mix the many components that support cell function. In this review, we explore the biological objectives and physical mechanisms of intracellular transport. Our focus is on cytoplasmic and intra-organelle transport at the whole-cell scale. We outline several key biological functions that depend on physically transporting components across the cell, including the delivery of secreted proteins, support of cell growth and repair, propagation of intracellular signals, establishment of organelle contacts, and spatial organization of metabolic gradients. We then review the three primary physical modes of transport in eukaryotic cells: diffusive motion, motor-driven transport, and advection by cytoplasmic flow. For each mechanism, we identify the main factors that determine speed and directionality. We also highlight the efficiency of each transport mode in fulfilling various key objectives of transport, such as particle mixing, directed delivery, and rapid target search. Taken together, the interplay of diffusion, molecular motors, and flows supports the intracellular transport needs that underlie a broad variety of biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh S Mogre
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States of America
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14
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Gomez-Navarro N, Boulanger J, Miller EA. The Ubp3/Bre5 deubiquitylation complex modulates COPII vesicle formation. Traffic 2020; 21:702-711. [PMID: 32975860 PMCID: PMC7711842 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The appropriate delivery of secretory proteins to the correct subcellular destination is an essential cellular process. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), secretory proteins are captured into COPII vesicles that generally exclude ER resident proteins and misfolded proteins. We previously characterized a collection of yeast mutants that fail to enforce this sorting stringency and improperly secrete the ER chaperone, Kar2 (Copic et al., Genetics 2009). Here, we used the emp24Δ mutant strain that secretes Kar2 to identify candidate proteins that might regulate ER export, reasoning that loss of regulatory proteins would restore sorting stringency. We find that loss of the deubiquitylation complex Ubp3/Bre5 reverses all of the known phenotypes of the emp24Δ mutant, and similarly reverses Kar2 secretion of many other ER retention mutants. Based on a combination of genetic interactions and live cell imaging, we conclude that Ubp3 and Bre5 modulate COPII coat assembly at ER exit sites. Therefore, we propose that Ubp3/Bre5 influences the rate of vesicle formation from the ER that in turn can impact ER quality control events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérôme Boulanger
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Miller
- Cell Biology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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15
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Papouskova K, Moravcova M, Masrati G, Ben-Tal N, Sychrova H, Zimmermannova O. C5 conserved region of hydrophilic C-terminal part of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nha1 antiporter determines its requirement of Erv14 COPII cargo receptor for plasma-membrane targeting. Mol Microbiol 2020; 115:41-57. [PMID: 32864748 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Erv14, a conserved cargo receptor of COPII vesicles, helps the proper trafficking of many but not all transporters to the yeast plasma membrane, for example, three out of five alkali-metal-cation transporters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Among them, the Nha1 cation/proton antiporter, which participates in cell cation and pH homeostasis, is a large membrane protein (985 aa) possessing a long hydrophilic C-terminus (552 aa) containing six conserved regions (C1-C6) with unknown function. A short Nha1 version, lacking almost the entire C-terminus, still binds to Erv14 but does not need it to be targeted to the plasma membrane. Comparing the localization and function of ScNha1 variants shortened at its C-terminus in cells with or without Erv14 reveals that only ScNha1 versions possessing the complete C5 region are dependent on Erv14. In addition, our broad evolutionary conservation analysis of fungal Na+ /H+ antiporters identified new conserved regions in their C-termini, and our experiments newly show C5 and other, so far unknown, regions of the C-terminus, to be involved in the functionality and substrate specificity of ScNha1. Taken together, our results reveal that also relatively small hydrophilic parts of some yeast membrane proteins underlie their need to interact with the Erv14 cargo receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Papouskova
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Moravcova
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Gal Masrati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Ben-Tal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Hana Sychrova
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Zimmermannova
- Laboratory of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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16
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Lopez S, Perez-Linero AM, Manzano-Lopez J, Sabido-Bozo S, Cortes-Gomez A, Rodriguez-Gallardo S, Aguilera-Romero A, Goder V, Muñiz M. Dual Independent Roles of the p24 Complex in Selectivity of Secretory Cargo Export from the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051295. [PMID: 32456004 PMCID: PMC7291304 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms that ensure the selectivity and fidelity of secretory cargo protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi are still not well understood. The p24 protein complex acts as a specific cargo receptor for GPI-anchored proteins by facilitating their ER exit through a specialized export pathway in yeast. In parallel, the p24 complex can also exit the ER using the general pathway that exports the rest of secretory proteins with their respective cargo receptors. Here, we show biochemically that the p24 complex associates at the ER with other cargo receptors in a COPII-dependent manner, forming high-molecular weight multireceptor complexes. Furthermore, live cell imaging analysis reveals that the p24 complex is required to retain in the ER secretory cargos when their specific receptors are absent. This requirement does not involve neither the unfolded protein response nor the retrograde transport from the Golgi. Our results suggest that, in addition to its role as a cargo receptor in the specialized GPI-anchored protein pathway, the p24 complex also plays an independent role in secretory cargo selectivity during its exit through the general ER export pathway, preventing the non-selective bulk flow of native secretory cargos. This mechanism would ensure receptor-regulated cargo transport, providing an additional layer of regulation of secretory cargo selectivity during ER export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Lopez
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.L.); (A.M.P.-L.); (J.M.-L.); (S.S.-B.); (A.C.-G.); (S.R.-G.); (A.A.-R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Perez-Linero
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.L.); (A.M.P.-L.); (J.M.-L.); (S.S.-B.); (A.C.-G.); (S.R.-G.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Javier Manzano-Lopez
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.L.); (A.M.P.-L.); (J.M.-L.); (S.S.-B.); (A.C.-G.); (S.R.-G.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Susana Sabido-Bozo
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.L.); (A.M.P.-L.); (J.M.-L.); (S.S.-B.); (A.C.-G.); (S.R.-G.); (A.A.-R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro Cortes-Gomez
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.L.); (A.M.P.-L.); (J.M.-L.); (S.S.-B.); (A.C.-G.); (S.R.-G.); (A.A.-R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Sofia Rodriguez-Gallardo
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.L.); (A.M.P.-L.); (J.M.-L.); (S.S.-B.); (A.C.-G.); (S.R.-G.); (A.A.-R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Auxiliadora Aguilera-Romero
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.L.); (A.M.P.-L.); (J.M.-L.); (S.S.-B.); (A.C.-G.); (S.R.-G.); (A.A.-R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Veit Goder
- Department of Genetics, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain;
| | - Manuel Muñiz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.L.); (A.M.P.-L.); (J.M.-L.); (S.S.-B.); (A.C.-G.); (S.R.-G.); (A.A.-R.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954556529
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17
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Stalder D, Gershlick DC. Direct trafficking pathways from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 107:112-125. [PMID: 32317144 PMCID: PMC7152905 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, protein sorting is a highly regulated mechanism important for many physiological events. After synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum and trafficking to the Golgi apparatus, proteins sort to many different cellular destinations including the endolysosomal system and the extracellular space. Secreted proteins need to be delivered directly to the cell surface. Sorting of secreted proteins from the Golgi apparatus has been a topic of interest for over thirty years, yet there is still no clear understanding of the machinery that forms the post-Golgi carriers. Most evidence points to these post-Golgi carriers being tubular pleomorphic structures that bud from the trans-face of the Golgi. In this review, we present the background studies and highlight the key components of this pathway, we then discuss the machinery implicated in the formation of these carriers, their translocation across the cytosol, and their fusion at the plasma membrane.
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Key Words
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BFA, Brefeldin A
- CARTS, CARriers of the TGN to the cell Surface
- CI-MPR, cation-independent mannose-6 phosphate receptor
- Constitutive Secretion
- CtBP3/BARS, C-terminus binding protein 3/BFA adenosine diphosphate–ribosylated substrate
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- GPI-anchored proteins, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins
- GlcCer, glucosylceramidetol
- Golgi to plasma membrane sorting
- PAUF, pancreatic adenocarcinoma up-regulated factor
- PKD, Protein Kinase D
- RUSH, retention using selective hooks
- SBP, streptavidin-binding peptide
- SM, sphingomyelin
- SNARE, soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor
- SPCA1, secretory pathway calcium ATPase 1
- Secretion
- TGN, trans-Golgi Network
- TIRF, total internal reflection fluorescence
- VSV, vesicular stomatitis virus
- pleomorphic tubular carriers
- post-Golgi carriers
- ts, temperature sensitive
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Affiliation(s)
- Danièle Stalder
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David C Gershlick
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Bustamante HA, Cereceda K, González AE, Valenzuela GE, Cheuquemilla Y, Hernández S, Arias-Muñoz E, Cerda-Troncoso C, Bandau S, Soza A, Kausel G, Kerr B, Mardones GA, Cancino J, Hay RT, Rojas-Fernandez A, Burgos PV. The Proteasomal Deubiquitinating Enzyme PSMD14 Regulates Macroautophagy by Controlling Golgi-to-ER Retrograde Transport. Cells 2020; 9:E777. [PMID: 32210007 PMCID: PMC7140897 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination regulates several biological processes, however the role of specific members of the ubiquitinome on intracellular membrane trafficking is not yet fully understood. Here, we search for ubiquitin-related genes implicated in protein membrane trafficking performing a High-Content siRNA Screening including 1187 genes of the human "ubiquitinome" using amyloid precursor protein (APP) as a reporter. We identified the deubiquitinating enzyme PSMD14, a subunit of the 19S regulatory particle of the proteasome, specific for K63-Ub chains in cells, as a novel regulator of Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retrograde transport. Silencing or pharmacological inhibition of PSMD14 with Capzimin (CZM) caused a robust increase in APP levels at the Golgi apparatus and the swelling of this organelle. We showed that this phenotype is the result of rapid inhibition of Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport, a pathway implicated in the early steps of the autophagosomal formation. Indeed, we observed that inhibition of PSMD14 with CZM acts as a potent blocker of macroautophagy by a mechanism related to the retention of Atg9A and Rab1A at the Golgi apparatus. As pharmacological inhibition of the proteolytic core of the 20S proteasome did not recapitulate these effects, we concluded that PSMD14, and the K63-Ub chains, act as a crucial regulatory factor for macroautophagy by controlling Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hianara A Bustamante
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (H.A.B.); (A.E.G.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Karina Cereceda
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Alexis E González
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (H.A.B.); (A.E.G.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Guillermo E Valenzuela
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (G.E.V.); (G.K.)
- Instituto de Medicina & Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
| | - Yorka Cheuquemilla
- Instituto de Medicina & Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
| | - Sergio Hernández
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Eloisa Arias-Muñoz
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Cristóbal Cerda-Troncoso
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Susanne Bandau
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN, Dundee DD1 4HN UK; (S.B.); (R.T.H.)
| | - Andrea Soza
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Gudrun Kausel
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (G.E.V.); (G.K.)
| | - Bredford Kerr
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Gonzalo A Mardones
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (H.A.B.); (A.E.G.); (G.A.M.)
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Ronald T Hay
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN, Dundee DD1 4HN UK; (S.B.); (R.T.H.)
| | - Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez
- Instituto de Medicina & Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN, Dundee DD1 4HN UK; (S.B.); (R.T.H.)
| | - Patricia V Burgos
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 83330023, Chile
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19
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Funato K, Riezman H, Muñiz M. Vesicular and non-vesicular lipid export from the ER to the secretory pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158453. [PMID: 31054928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is the site of synthesis of most glycerophospholipids, neutral lipids and the initial steps of sphingolipid biosynthesis of the secretory pathway. After synthesis, these lipids are distributed within the cells to create and maintain the specific compositions of the other secretory organelles. This represents a formidable challenge, particularly while there is a simultaneous and quantitatively important flux of membrane components stemming from the vesicular traffic of proteins through the pathway, which can also vary depending on the cell type and status. To meet this challenge cells have developed an intricate system of interorganellar contacts and lipid transport proteins, functioning in non-vesicular lipid transport, which are able to ensure membrane lipid homeostasis even in the absence of membrane trafficking. Nevertheless, under normal conditions, lipids are transported in cells by both vesicular and non-vesicular mechanisms. In this review we will discuss the mechanism and roles of vesicular and non-vesicular transport of lipids from the ER to other organelles of the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Funato
- Department of Bioresource Science and Technology, Hiroshima University, Japan.
| | - Howard Riezman
- NCCR Chemical Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Sciences II, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Manuel Muñiz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
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20
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Adolf F, Rhiel M, Hessling B, Gao Q, Hellwig A, Béthune J, Wieland FT. Proteomic Profiling of Mammalian COPII and COPI Vesicles. Cell Rep 2019; 26:250-265.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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21
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Yin Y, Garcia MR, Novak AJ, Saunders AM, Ank RS, Nam AS, Fisher LW. Surf4 (Erv29p) binds amino-terminal tripeptide motifs of soluble cargo proteins with different affinities, enabling prioritization of their exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005140. [PMID: 30086131 PMCID: PMC6097701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Some secreted proteins that assemble into large complexes, such as extracellular matrices or hormones and enzymes in storage granules, must be kept at subaggregation concentrations during intracellular trafficking. We show surfeit locus protein 4 (Surf4) is the cargo receptor that establishes different steady-state concentrations for a variety of soluble cargo proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through interaction with the amino-terminal tripeptides exposed after removal of leader sequences. We call this motif the ER-Exit by Soluble Cargo using Amino-terminal Peptide-Encoding motif (ER-ESCAPE motif). Proteins that most readily aggregate in the ER lumen (e.g., dentin sialophosphoprotein [DSPP] and amelogenin, X-linked [AMELX]) have strong ER-ESCAPE motifs to inhibit aggregate formation, while less susceptible cargo exhibits weaker motifs. Specific changes in a single amino acid of the tripeptide result in aggregate formation and failure to efficiently traffic cargo out of the ER. A logical subset of 8,000 possible tripeptides starting a model soluble cargo protein (growth hormone) established a continuum of steady-state ER concentrations ranging from low (i.e., high affinity for receptor) to the highest concentrations associated with bulk flow-limited trafficking observed for nonbinding motifs. Human cells lacking Surf4 no longer preferentially trafficked cargo expressing strong ER-ESCAPE motifs. Reexpression of Surf4 or expression of yeast's ortholog, ER-derived vesicles protein 29 (Erv29p), rescued enhanced ER trafficking in Surf4-null cells. Hence our work describes a new way of preferentially exporting soluble cargo out of the ER that maintains proteins below the concentrations at which they form damaging aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yin
- Matrix Biochemistry Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mekka R. Garcia
- Matrix Biochemistry Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexander J. Novak
- Matrix Biochemistry Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Allison M. Saunders
- Matrix Biochemistry Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Raira S. Ank
- Matrix Biochemistry Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anna S. Nam
- Matrix Biochemistry Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Larry W. Fisher
- Matrix Biochemistry Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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22
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Abstract
The flow of cargo vesicles along the secretory pathway requires concerted action among various regulators. The COPII complex, assembled by the activated SAR1 GTPases on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum, orchestrates protein interactions to package cargos and generate transport vesicles en route to the Golgi. The dynamic nature of COPII, however, hinders analysis with conventional biochemical assays. Here we apply proximity-dependent biotinylation labeling to capture the dynamics of COPII transport in cells. When SAR1B was fused with a promiscuous biotin ligase, BirA*, the fusion protein SAR1B-BirA* biotinylates and thus enables the capture of COPII machinery and cargos in a GTP-dependent manner. Biochemical and pulse-chase imaging experiments demonstrate that the COPII coat undergoes a dynamic cycle of engagement-disengagement with the transmembrane cargo receptor LMAN1/ERGIC53. LMAN1 undergoes a process of concentrative sorting by the COPII coat, via a dimeric sorting code generated by oligomerization of the cargo receptor. Similar oligomerization events have been observed with other COPII sorting signals, suggesting that dimeric/multimeric sorting codes may serve as a general mechanism to generate selectivity of cargo sorting.
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23
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Vagne Q, Sens P. Stochastic Model of Maturation and Vesicular Exchange in Cellular Organelles. Biophys J 2018; 114:947-957. [PMID: 29490254 PMCID: PMC5984994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamical organization of membrane-bound organelles along intracellular transport pathways relies on vesicular exchange between organelles and on the maturation of the organelle's composition by enzymatic reactions or exchange with the cytoplasm. The relative importance of each mechanism in controlling organelle dynamics remains controversial, in particular for transport through the Golgi apparatus. Using a stochastic model, we identify two classes of dynamical behavior that can lead to full maturation of membrane-bound compartments. In the first class, maturation corresponds to the stochastic escape from a steady state in which export is dominated by vesicular exchange, and is very unlikely for large compartments. In the second class, it occurs in a quasi-deterministic fashion and is almost size independent. Whether a system belongs to the first or second class is largely controlled by homotypic fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Vagne
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 168, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Sens
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 168, Paris, France.
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24
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Vagne Q, Sens P. Stochastic Model of Vesicular Sorting in Cellular Organelles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:058102. [PMID: 29481197 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.058102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The proper sorting of membrane components by regulated exchange between cellular organelles is crucial to intracellular organization. This process relies on the budding and fusion of transport vesicles, and should be strongly influenced by stochastic fluctuations, considering the relatively small size of many organelles. We identify the perfect sorting of two membrane components initially mixed in a single compartment as a first passage process, and we show that the mean sorting time exhibits two distinct regimes as a function of the ratio of vesicle fusion to budding rates. Low ratio values lead to fast sorting but result in a broad size distribution of sorted compartments dominated by small entities. High ratio values result in two well-defined sorted compartments but sorting is exponentially slow. Our results suggest an optimal balance between vesicle budding and fusion for the rapid and efficient sorting of membrane components and highlight the importance of stochastic effects for the steady-state organization of intracellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Vagne
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 168, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Sens
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 168, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75005 Paris, France
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25
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Abstract
In eukaryotes, distinct transport vesicles functionally connect various intracellular compartments. These carriers mediate transport of membranes for the biogenesis and maintenance of organelles, secretion of cargo proteins and peptides, and uptake of cargo into the cell. Transport vesicles have distinct protein coats that assemble on a donor membrane where they can select cargo and curve the membrane to form a bud. A multitude of structural elements of coat proteins have been solved by X-ray crystallography. More recently, the architectures of the COPI and COPII coats were elucidated in context with their membrane by cryo-electron tomography. Here, we describe insights gained from the structures of these two coat lattices and discuss the resulting functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Béthune
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Centre, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; ,
| | - Felix T Wieland
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Centre, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; ,
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26
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Rosas-Santiago P, Lagunas-Gomez D, Yáñez-Domínguez C, Vera-Estrella R, Zimmermannová O, Sychrová H, Pantoja O. Plant and yeast cornichon possess a conserved acidic motif required for correct targeting of plasma membrane cargos. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1809-1818. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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27
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Geva Y, Crissman J, Arakel EC, Gómez-Navarro N, Chuartzman SG, Stahmer KR, Schwappach B, Miller EA, Schuldiner M. Two novel effectors of trafficking and maturation of the yeast plasma membrane H + -ATPase. Traffic 2017; 18:672-682. [PMID: 28727280 PMCID: PMC5607100 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the entry site of proteins into the endomembrane system. Proteins exit the ER via coat protein II (COPII) vesicles in a selective manner, mediated either by direct interaction with the COPII coat or aided by cargo receptors. Despite the fundamental role of such receptors in protein sorting, only a few have been identified. To further define the machinery that packages secretory cargo and targets proteins from the ER to Golgi membranes, we used multiple systematic approaches, which revealed 2 uncharacterized proteins that mediate the trafficking and maturation of Pma1, the essential yeast plasma membrane proton ATPase. Ydl121c (Exp1) is an ER protein that binds Pma1, is packaged into COPII vesicles, and whose deletion causes ER retention of Pma1. Ykl077w (Psg1) physically interacts with Exp1 and can be found in the Golgi and coat protein I (COPI) vesicles but does not directly bind Pma1. Loss of Psg1 causes enhanced degradation of Pma1 in the vacuole. Our findings suggest that Exp1 is a Pma1 cargo receptor and that Psg1 aids Pma1 maturation in the Golgi or affects its retrieval. More generally our work shows the utility of high content screens in the identification of novel trafficking components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Geva
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jonathan Crissman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Eric C Arakel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Silvia G Chuartzman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kyle R Stahmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Blanche Schwappach
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elizabeth A Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY.,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology Division, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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28
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Bottanelli F, Kilian N, Ernst AM, Rivera-Molina F, Schroeder LK, Kromann EB, Lessard MD, Erdmann RS, Schepartz A, Baddeley D, Bewersdorf J, Toomre D, Rothman JE. A novel physiological role for ARF1 in the formation of bidirectional tubules from the Golgi. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1676-1687. [PMID: 28428254 PMCID: PMC5469610 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-12-0863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Capitalizing on CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing techniques and super-resolution nanoscopy, we explore the role of the small GTPase ARF1 in mediating transport steps at the Golgi. Besides its well-established role in generating COPI vesicles, we find that ARF1 is also involved in the formation of long (∼3 µm), thin (∼110 nm diameter) tubular carriers. The anterograde and retrograde tubular carriers are both largely free of the classical Golgi coat proteins coatomer (COPI) and clathrin. Instead, they contain ARF1 along their entire length at a density estimated to be in the range of close packing. Experiments using a mutant form of ARF1 affecting GTP hydrolysis suggest that ARF1[GTP] is functionally required for the tubules to form. Dynamic confocal and stimulated emission depletion imaging shows that ARF1-rich tubular compartments fall into two distinct classes containing 1) anterograde cargoes and clathrin clusters or 2) retrograde cargoes and coatomer clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bottanelli
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Nicole Kilian
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Andreas M Ernst
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Felix Rivera-Molina
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Lena K Schroeder
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Emil B Kromann
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Mark D Lessard
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Roman S Erdmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520.,Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Alanna Schepartz
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - David Baddeley
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520.,Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Joerg Bewersdorf
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520.,Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Derek Toomre
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520.,Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - James E Rothman
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 .,Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516
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29
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Konopka-Postupolska D, Clark G. Annexins as Overlooked Regulators of Membrane Trafficking in Plant Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E863. [PMID: 28422051 PMCID: PMC5412444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexins are an evolutionary conserved superfamily of proteins able to bind membrane phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner. Their physiological roles are still being intensively examined and it seems that, despite their general structural similarity, individual proteins are specialized toward specific functions. However, due to their general ability to coordinate membranes in a calcium-sensitive fashion they are thought to participate in membrane flow. In this review, we present a summary of the current understanding of cellular transport in plant cells and consider the possible roles of annexins in different stages of vesicular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Konopka-Postupolska
- Plant Biochemistry Department, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland.
| | - Greg Clark
- Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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30
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Gomez-Navarro N, Miller E. Protein sorting at the ER-Golgi interface. J Cell Biol 2016; 215:769-778. [PMID: 27903609 PMCID: PMC5166505 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201610031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, Gomez-Navarro and Miller summarize the principles of cargo sorting by the vesicle traffic machinery and consider the diverse mechanisms by which cargo proteins are selected and captured into different transport vesicles. Protein traffic is of critical importance for normal cellular physiology. In eukaryotes, spherical transport vesicles move proteins and lipids from one internal membrane-bound compartment to another within the secretory pathway. The process of directing each individual protein to a specific destination (known as protein sorting) is a crucial event that is intrinsically linked to vesicle biogenesis. In this review, we summarize the principles of cargo sorting by the vesicle traffic machinery and consider the diverse mechanisms by which cargo proteins are selected and captured into different transport vesicles. We focus on the first two compartments of the secretory pathway: the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. We provide an overview of the complexity and diversity of cargo adaptor function and regulation, focusing on recent mechanistic discoveries that have revealed insight into protein sorting in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gomez-Navarro
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, England, UK
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, England, UK
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31
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Barrero JJ, Papanikou E, Casler JC, Day KJ, Glick BS. An improved reversibly dimerizing mutant of the FK506-binding protein FKBP. CELLULAR LOGISTICS 2016; 6:e1204848. [PMID: 27738551 PMCID: PMC5058350 DOI: 10.1080/21592799.2016.1204848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
FK506-binding protein (FKBP) is a monomer that binds to FK506, rapamycin, and related ligands. The F36M substitution, in which Phe36 in the ligand-binding pocket is changed to Met, leads to formation of antiparallel FKBP dimers, which can be dissociated into monomers by ligand binding. This FKBP(M) mutant has been employed in the mammalian secretory pathway to generate aggregates that can be dissolved by ligand addition to create cargo waves. However, when testing this approach in yeast, we found that dissolution of FKBP(M) aggregates was inefficient. An improved reversibly dimerizing FKBP formed aggregates that dissolved more readily. This FKBP(L,V) mutant carries the F36L mutation, which increases the affinity of ligand binding, and the I90V mutation, which accelerates ligand-induced dissociation of the dimers. The FKBP(L,V) mutant expands the utility of reversibly dimerizing FKBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Barrero
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Effrosyni Papanikou
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason C Casler
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kasey J Day
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin S Glick
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
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32
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Abstract
Transport of newly synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi complex is highly selective. As a general rule, such transport is limited to soluble and membrane-associated secretory proteins that have reached properly folded and assembled conformations. To secure the efficiency, fidelity, and control of this crucial transport step, cells use a combination of mechanisms. The mechanisms are based on selective retention of proteins in the ER to prevent uptake into transport vesicles, on selective capture of proteins in COPII carrier vesicles, on inclusion of proteins in these vesicles by default as part of fluid and membrane bulk flow, and on selective retrieval of proteins from post-ER compartments by retrograde vesicle transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Barlowe
- Biochemistry Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755;
| | - Ari Helenius
- Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
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33
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Borgese N. Getting membrane proteins on and off the shuttle bus between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1537-45. [PMID: 27029344 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.183335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory proteins exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles and then progress through the Golgi complex before delivery to their final destination. Soluble cargo can be recruited to ER exit sites by signal-mediated processes (cargo capture) or by bulk flow. For membrane proteins, a third mechanism, based on the interaction of their transmembrane domain (TMD) with lipid microdomains, must also be considered. In this Commentary, I review evidence in favor of the idea that partitioning of TMDs into bilayer domains that are endowed with distinct physico-chemical properties plays a pivotal role in the transport of membrane proteins within the early secretory pathway. The combination of such self-organizational phenomena with canonical intermolecular interactions is most likely to control the release of membrane proteins from the ER into the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nica Borgese
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Milan 20129, Italy
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34
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Abstract
Secretion is the cellular process present in every organism that delivers soluble proteins and cargoes to the extracellular space. In eukaryotes, conventional protein secretion (CPS) is the trafficking route that secretory proteins undertake when are transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus (GA), and subsequently to the plasma membrane (PM) via secretory vesicles or secretory granules. This book chapter recalls the fundamental steps in cell biology research contributing to the elucidation of CPS; it describes the most prominent examples of conventionally secreted proteins in eukaryotic cells and the molecular mechanisms necessary to regulate each step of this process.
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35
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Duellman T, Burnett J, Yang J. Functional Roles of N-Linked Glycosylation of Human Matrix Metalloproteinase 9. Traffic 2015. [PMID: 26207422 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a secreted endoproteinase with a critical role in the regulation of the extracellular matrix and proteolytic activation of signaling molecules. Human (h)MMP-9 has two well-defined N-glycosylation sites at residues N38 and N120; however, their role has remained mostly unexplored partly because expression of the N-glycosylation-deficient N38S has been difficult due to a recently discovered single nucleotide polymorphism-dependent miRNA-mediated inhibitory mechanism. hMMP-9 cDNA encoding amino acid substitutions at residues 38 (modified-S38, mS38) or 120 (N120S) were created in the background of a miRNA-binding site disrupted template and expressed by transient transfection. hMMP-9 harboring a single mS38 replacement secreted well, whereas N120S, or a double mS38/N120S hMMP-9 demonstrated much reduced secretion. Imaging indicated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention of the non-secreted variants and co-immunoprecipitation confirmed an enhanced strong interaction between the non-secreted hMMP-9 and the ER-resident protein calreticulin (CALR). Removal of N-glycosylation at residue 38 revealed an amino acid-dependent strong interaction with CALR likely preventing unloading of the misfolded protein from the ER chaperone down the normal secretory pathway. As with other glycoproteins, N-glycosylation strongly regulates hMMP-9 secretion. This is mediated, however, through a novel mechanism of cloaking an N-glycosylation-independent strong interaction with the ER-resident CALR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Duellman
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - John Burnett
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jay Yang
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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36
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Duellman T, Burnett J, Shin A, Yang J. LMAN1 (ERGIC-53) is a potential carrier protein for matrix metalloproteinase-9 glycoprotein secretion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:685-91. [PMID: 26150355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a secreted glycoprotein with a major role in shaping the extracellular matrix and a detailed understanding of the secretory mechanism could help identify methods to correct diseases resulting from dysregulation of secretion. MMP-9 appears to follow a canonical secretory pathway through a quality control cycle in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) before transport of the properly folded protein to the Golgi apparatus and beyond for secretion. Through a complementation assay, we determined that LMAN1, a well-studied lectin-carrier protein, interacts with a secretion-competent N-glycosylated MMP-9 in the ER while N-glycosylation-deficient secretion-compromised MMP-9 does not. In contrast, co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated protein interaction between LMAN1 and secretion-compromised N-glycosylation-deficient MMP-9. MMP-9 secretion was reduced in the LMAN1 knockout cell line compared to control cells confirming the functional role of LMAN1. These observations support the role of LMAN1 as a lectin-carrier protein mediating efficient MMP-9 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Duellman
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - John Burnett
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Alice Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jay Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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37
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Schekman R. [The genes and proteins which control the process of secretion]. Biol Aujourdhui 2015; 209:35-61. [PMID: 26115712 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2015011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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38
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Thio CLP, Yusof R, Ashrafzadeh A, Bahari S, Abdul-Rahman PS, Karsani SA. Differential Analysis of the Secretome of WRL68 Cells Infected with the Chikungunya Virus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129033. [PMID: 26083627 PMCID: PMC4470940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod borne virus. In the last 50 years, it has been the cause of numerous outbreaks in tropical and temperate regions, worldwide. There is limited understanding regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in CHIKV replication and how the virus interacts with its host. In the present study, comparative proteomics was used to identify secreted host proteins that changed in abundance in response to early CHIKV infection. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to analyse and compare the secretome profiles of WRL-68 cells infected with CHIKV against mock control WRL-68 cells. The analysis identified 25 regulated proteins in CHIKV infected cells. STRING network analysis was then used to predict biological processes that may be affected by these proteins. The processes predicted to be affected include signal transduction, cellular component and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, regulation of cytokine stimulus and immune response. These results provide an initial view of CHIKV may affect the secretome of infected cells during early infection. The results presented here will compliment earlier results from the study of late host response. However, functional characterization will be necessary to further enhance our understanding of the roles played by these proteins in the early stages of CHIKV infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Li-Ping Thio
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Drug Design and Development Research Group (DDDRG), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohana Yusof
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Drug Design and Development Research Group (DDDRG), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ali Ashrafzadeh
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syareena Bahari
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Puteri Shafinaz Abdul-Rahman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Anuar Karsani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research (UMCPR), Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Drug Design and Development Research Group (DDDRG), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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39
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Anelli T, Sannino S, Sitia R. Proteostasis and "redoxtasis" in the secretory pathway: Tales of tails from ERp44 and immunoglobulins. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 83:323-30. [PMID: 25744412 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, some cells are given the task of secreting huge quantities of proteins. To comply with their duty, they generally equip themselves with a highly developed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and downstream organelles in the secretory pathway. These professional secretors face paramount proteostatic challenges in that they need to couple efficiency and fidelity in their secretory processes. On one hand, stringent quality control (QC) mechanisms operate from the ER onward to check the integrity of the secretome. On the other, the pressure to secrete can be overwhelming, as for instance on antibody-producing cells during infection. Maintaining homeostasis is particularly hard when the products to be released contain disulfide bonds, because oxidative folding entails production of reactive oxygen species. How are redox homeostasis ("redoxtasis") and proteostasis maintained despite the massive fluxes of cargo proteins traversing the pathway? Here we describe recent findings on how ERp44, a multifunctional chaperone of the secretory pathway, can modulate these processes integrating protein QC, redoxtasis, and calcium signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Anelli
- Divisions of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Sannino
- Divisions of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Sitia
- Divisions of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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40
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Pagant S, Wu A, Edwards S, Diehl F, Miller EA. Sec24 is a coincidence detector that simultaneously binds two signals to drive ER export. Curr Biol 2015; 25:403-12. [PMID: 25619760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incorporation of secretory proteins into ER-derived vesicles involves recognition of cytosolic signals by the COPII coat protein, Sec24. Additional cargo diversity is achieved through cargo receptors, which include the Erv14/Cornichon family that mediates export of transmembrane proteins despite the potential for such clients to directly interact with Sec24. The molecular function of Erv14 thus remains unclear, with possible roles in COPII binding, membrane domain chaperoning, and lipid organization. RESULTS Using a targeted mutagenesis approach to define the mechanism of Erv14 function, we identify conserved residues in the second transmembrane domain of Erv14 that mediate interaction with a subset of Erv14 clients. We further show that interaction of Erv14 with a novel cargo-binding surface on Sec24 is necessary for efficient trafficking of all of its clients. However, we also determine that some Erv14 clients also directly engage an adjacent cargo-binding domain of Sec24, suggesting a novel mode of dual interaction between cargo and coat. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that Erv14 functions as a canonical cargo receptor that couples membrane proteins to the COPII coat, but that maximal export requires a bivalent signal that derives from motifs on both the cargo protein and Erv14. Sec24 can thus be considered a coincidence detector that binds simultaneously to multiple signals to drive packaging of polytopic membrane proteins. This mode of dual signal binding to a single coat protein might serve as a general mechanism to trigger efficient capture, or may be specifically employed in ER export to control deployment of nascent proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvere Pagant
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Alexander Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Samuel Edwards
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Frances Diehl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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41
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Shibuya A, Margulis N, Christiano R, Walther TC, Barlowe C. The Erv41-Erv46 complex serves as a retrograde receptor to retrieve escaped ER proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 208:197-209. [PMID: 25583996 PMCID: PMC4298680 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201408024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Signal-dependent sorting of proteins in the early secretory pathway is required for dynamic retention of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi components. In this study, we identify the Erv41-Erv46 complex as a new retrograde receptor for retrieval of non-HDEL-bearing ER resident proteins. In cells lacking Erv41-Erv46 function, the ER enzyme glucosidase I (Gls1) was mislocalized and degraded in the vacuole. Biochemical experiments demonstrated that the luminal domain of Gls1 bound to the Erv41-Erv46 complex in a pH-dependent manner. Moreover, in vivo disturbance of the pH gradient across membranes by bafilomycin A1 treatment caused Gls1 mislocalization. Whole cell proteomic analyses of deletion strains using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in culture identified other ER resident proteins that depended on the Erv41-Erv46 complex for efficient localization. Our results support a model in which pH-dependent receptor binding of specific cargo by the Erv41-Erv46 complex in Golgi compartments identifies escaped ER resident proteins for retrieval to the ER in coat protein complex I-formed transport carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Shibuya
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Neil Margulis
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Romain Christiano
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Tobias C Walther
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Charles Barlowe
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
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42
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Fritzsche S, Springer S. Pulse-chase analysis for studying protein synthesis and maturation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 78:30.3.1-30.3.23. [PMID: 25367008 DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps3003s78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pulse-chase analysis is a well-established and highly adaptable tool for studying the life cycle of endogenous proteins, including their synthesis, folding, subunit assembly, intracellular transport, post-translational processing, and degradation. This unit describes the performance and analysis of a radiolabel pulse-chase experiment for following the folding and cell surface trafficking of a trimeric murine MHC class I glycoprotein. In particular, the unit focuses on the precise timing of pulse-chase experiments to evaluate early/short-time events in protein maturation in both suspended and strictly adherent cell lines. The advantages and limitations of radiolabel pulse-chase experiments are discussed, and a comprehensive section for troubleshooting is provided. Further, ways to quantitatively represent pulse-chase results are described, and feasible interpretations on protein maturation are suggested. The protocols can be adapted to investigate a variety of proteins that may mature in very different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Fritzsche
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Springer
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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43
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Cancino J, Capalbo A, Di Campli A, Giannotta M, Rizzo R, Jung JE, Di Martino R, Persico M, Heinklein P, Sallese M, Luini A. Control systems of membrane transport at the interface between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi. Dev Cell 2014; 30:280-94. [PMID: 25117681 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental property of cellular processes is to maintain homeostasis despite varying internal and external conditions. Within the membrane transport apparatus, variations in membrane fluxes from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi complex are balanced by opposite fluxes from the Golgi to the ER to maintain homeostasis between the two organelles. Here we describe a molecular device that balances transport fluxes by integrating transduction cascades with the transport machinery. Specifically, ER-to-Golgi transport activates the KDEL receptor at the Golgi, which triggers a cascade that involves Gs and adenylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase isoforms and then PKA activation and results in the phosphorylation of transport machinery proteins. This induces retrograde traffic to the ER and balances transport fluxes between the ER and Golgi. Moreover, the KDEL receptor activates CREB1 and other transcription factors that upregulate transport-related genes. Thus, a Golgi-based control system maintains transport homeostasis through both signaling and transcriptional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cancino
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile.
| | - Anita Capalbo
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Campli
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Monica Giannotta
- Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Via Nazionale 8/A, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro (Chieti), Italy
| | - Riccardo Rizzo
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Juan E Jung
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare (SDN), 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosaria Di Martino
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Persico
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto di Ricerca Diagnostica e Nucleare (SDN), 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - Petra Heinklein
- Institut für Biochemie Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CrossOver Charitéplatz 1/Sitz, Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michele Sallese
- Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Via Nazionale 8/A, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro (Chieti), Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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44
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Kienzle C, von Blume J. Secretory cargo sorting at the trans-Golgi network. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 24:584-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Luini A, Mavelli G, Jung J, Cancino J. Control systems and coordination protocols of the secretory pathway. F1000PRIME REPORTS 2014; 6:88. [PMID: 25374666 PMCID: PMC4191269 DOI: 10.12703/p6-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Like other cellular modules, the secretory pathway and the Golgi complex are likely to be supervised by control systems that support homeostasis and optimal functionality under all conditions, including external and internal perturbations. Moreover, the secretory apparatus must be functionally connected with other cellular modules, such as energy metabolism and protein degradation, via specific rules of interaction, or “coordination protocols”. These regulatory devices are of fundamental importance for optimal function; however, they are generally “hidden” at steady state. The molecular components and the architecture of the control systems and coordination protocols of the secretory pathway are beginning to emerge through studies based on the use of controlled transport-specific perturbations aimed specifically at the detection and analysis of these internal regulatory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Luini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine (IBP)Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 NapoliItaly
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 NapoliItaly
| | - Gabriella Mavelli
- Istituto di Analisi dei Sistemi ed Informatica Antonio Ruberti, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheViale Manzoni 30, 00185 RomaItaly
| | - Juan Jung
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-SDN80143 NapoliItaly
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine (IBP)Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 NapoliItaly
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés BelloQuillota 980, 2520000 Viña del MarChile
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Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi trafficking is an essential step in sorting mature, correctly folded, processed and assembled proteins (cargo) from immature proteins and ER-resident proteins. However, the mechanisms governing trafficking selectivity, specificity and regulation are not yet fully understood. To date, three complementary mechanisms have been described that enable regulation of this trafficking step: ER retention of immature proteins in the ER; selective uptake of fully mature proteins into Golgi-bound vesicles; and retrieval from the Golgi of immature cargo that has erroneously exited the ER. Together, these three mechanisms allow incredible specificity and enable the cell to carry out protein quality control and regulate protein processing, oligomerization and expression. This review will focus on the current knowledge of selectivity mechanisms acting during the ER-to-Golgi sorting step and their significance in health and disease. The review will also highlight several key questions that have remained unanswered and discuss the future frontiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Geva
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel.
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Secretion of a foreign protein from budding yeasts is enhanced by cotranslational translocation and by suppression of vacuolar targeting. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:125. [PMID: 25164324 PMCID: PMC4176846 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-014-0125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Budding yeasts are often used to secrete foreign proteins, but the efficiency is variable. To identify roadblocks in the yeast secretory pathway, we used a monomeric superfolder GFP (msGFP) as a visual tracer in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris. RESULTS One roadblock for msGFP secretion is translocation into the ER. Foreign proteins are typically fused to the bipartite α-factor secretion signal, which consists of the signal sequence followed by the pro region. The α-factor signal sequence directs posttranslational translocation. For msGFP, posttranslational translocation is inefficient with the α-factor signal sequence alone but is stimulated by the pro region. This requirement for the pro region can be bypassed by using the Ost1 signal sequence, which has been shown to direct cotranslational translocation. A hybrid secretion signal consisting of the Ost1 signal sequence followed by the α-factor pro region drives efficient translocation followed by rapid ER export. A second roadblock for msGFP secretion in S. cerevisiae occurs during exit from the Golgi, when some of the msGFP molecules are diverted to the vacuole. Deletion of the sorting receptor Vps10 prevents vacuolar targeting of msGFP at the expense of missorting vacuolar hydrolases such as carboxypeptidase Y (CPY) to the culture medium. However, a truncation of Vps10 blocks vacuolar targeting of msGFP while permitting CPY to be sorted normally. CONCLUSIONS With budding yeasts, if the secretion or processing of a foreign protein is poor, we recommend two options. First, use the Ost1 signal sequence to achieve efficient entry into the secretory pathway while avoiding the processing issues associated with the α-factor pro region. Second, truncate Vps10 to suppress diversion to the vacuole. These insights obtained with msGFP highlight the value of applying cell biological methods to study yeast secretion.
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Beznoussenko GV, Parashuraman S, Rizzo R, Polishchuk R, Martella O, Di Giandomenico D, Fusella A, Spaar A, Sallese M, Capestrano MG, Pavelka M, Vos MR, Rikers YGM, Helms V, Mironov AA, Luini A. Transport of soluble proteins through the Golgi occurs by diffusion via continuities across cisternae. eLife 2014; 3:e02009. [PMID: 24867214 PMCID: PMC4070021 DOI: 10.7554/elife.02009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of transport through the Golgi complex is not completely understood, insofar as no single transport mechanism appears to account for all of the observations. Here, we compare the transport of soluble secretory proteins (albumin and α1-antitrypsin) with that of supramolecular cargoes (e.g., procollagen) that are proposed to traverse the Golgi by compartment progression-maturation. We show that these soluble proteins traverse the Golgi much faster than procollagen while moving through the same stack. Moreover, we present kinetic and morphological observations that indicate that albumin transport occurs by diffusion via intercisternal continuities. These data provide evidence for a transport mechanism that applies to a major class of secretory proteins and indicate the co-existence of multiple intra-Golgi trafficking modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V Beznoussenko
- Fondazione IFOM, Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM-IEO Campus), Milan, Italy
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - Seetharaman Parashuraman
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR-IBP), Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rizzo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR-IBP), Naples, Italy
| | - Roman Polishchuk
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
- Telethon Institute for Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Oliviano Martella
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Giandomenico
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - Aurora Fusella
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - Alexander Spaar
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - Michele Sallese
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Capestrano
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - Margit Pavelka
- Department of Cell Biology and Ultrastructure Research, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Volkhard Helms
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Alexandre A Mironov
- Fondazione IFOM, Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM-IEO Campus), Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR-IBP), Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute for Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
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49
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Signal peptide of cellulase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5329-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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50
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Springer S, Malkus P, Borchert B, Wellbrock U, Duden R, Schekman R. Regulated Oligomerization Induces Uptake of a Membrane Protein into COPII Vesicles Independent of Its Cytosolic Tail. Traffic 2014; 15:531-45. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Per Malkus
- Department of Systems Biology; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Britta Borchert
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Jacobs University Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - Ursula Wellbrock
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Jacobs University Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - Rainer Duden
- Centre for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
| | - Randy Schekman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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