1
|
Mattke J, Darden CM, Vasu S, Lawrence MC, Kirkland J, Kane RR, Naziruddin B. Inhibition of Toll-like Receptor 4 Using Small Molecule, TAK-242, Protects Islets from Innate Immune Responses. Cells 2024; 13:416. [PMID: 38474380 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a therapeutic option to replace β-cell mass lost during type 1 or type 3c diabetes. Innate immune responses, particularly the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction and activation of monocytes, play a major role in the loss of transplanted islet tissue. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on innate inflammatory responses. We first demonstrate a significant loss of graft function shortly after transplant through the assessment of miR-375 and miR-200c in plasma as biomarkers. Using in vitro models, we investigate how targeting TLR4 mitigates islet damage and immune cell activation during the peritransplant period. The results of this study support the application of TAK-242 as a therapeutic agent to reduce inflammatory and innate immune responses to islets immediately following transplantation into the hepatic portal vein. Therefore, TLR4 may serve as a target to improve islet transplant outcomes in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Mattke
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Carly M Darden
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Srividya Vasu
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Michael C Lawrence
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kirkland
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Robert R Kane
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Bashoo Naziruddin
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bai X, Wang D, Wang B, Zhang X, Bai Y, Zhang X, Tian R, Li C, Yi Q, Cheng Y, He S. Staphylococcal protein A-modified hydrogel facilitates in situ immunomodulation by capturing anti-HMGB1 for islet grafts. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:95-108. [PMID: 37150280 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is regarded as the most promising therapy for type 1 diabetes. However, both hypoxia and immune attack impair the grafted islets after transplantation, eventually failing the islet graft. Although many studies showed that biomaterials with nanoscale pores, like hydrogels, could protect islets from immune cells, the pores on biomaterials inhibited vascular endothelial cells (VECs) to creep in, which resulted in poor revascularization. Thus, a hydrogel device that can facilitate in situ immune modulations without the cost of poor revascularization should be put forward. Accordingly, we designed a spA-modified hydrogel capturing anti-HMGB1 mAB (mAB-spA Gel): the Staphylococcus aureus protein A (spA) was conjugated on the network of hydrogel to capture anti-HMGB1mAB which can inactivate immune cells, while the pore sizes of the hydrogel were more than 100μm which allows vascular endothelial cells (VECs) to creep in. In this study, we screened the optimal spA concentration in mAB-spA Gel according to the physical properties and antibody binding capability, then demonstrated that it could facilitate in situ immunomodulation without decreasing the vessel reconstruction in vitro. Further, we transplanted islet graft in vivo and showed that the survival of islets was elongated. In conclusion, mAB-spA Gel provided an alternative islet encapsulation strategy for type 1 diabetes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Although various studies have shown that the backbone of the hydrogels can isolate islets grafts from immune cells and the survival of the islets can be prolonged by this way, it is also reported that when the pore size of the backbone is too small the revascularization will be adversely affected. According to this point, it is hard to adjust hydrogel's pore size to protect the islets from the immune attack while allowing endothelial vascular cells to creep in. To solve this dilemma, we designed an immunomodulatory hydrogel inhibiting the activation of T cells by immunosuppressive IgGs instead of the backbone network, so the hydrogel can prolong the survival of islets without the sacrifice of revascularization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ruoyuan Tian
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Caihua Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qiying Yi
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yao Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Sirong He
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kostyo J, Lallande AT, Sells CA, Shuda MR, Kane RR. Sulfonamide Prodrugs with a Two-Stage Release Mechanism for the Efficient Delivery of the TLR4 Antagonist TAK-242. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:110-115. [PMID: 36660224 PMCID: PMC9841982 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the potent TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 could be covalently conjugated to pancreatic islets using a linker that afforded an effective sustained delivery of the active drug after transplant. This drug-eluting tissue achieved local inhibition of TLR4-linked inflammation and proved beneficial to the islet graft survival. Here, we describe a new family of prodrugs with a modular design featuring a self-immolative para-aminobenzyl spacer bonded directly to the TAK-242 sulfonamide nitrogen, a tether for bioconjugation, and a β-eliminative arylsulfone "trigger". The inclusion of the para-aminobenzyl spacer affords a more stable prodrug which exhibits complex drug-release kinetics due to a two-stage release mechanism. This manuscript reports the preparation and characterization of several TAK-242 prodrugs fitted with different triggers and linkers and demonstrates that these second-generation prodrugs effectively release TAK-242 while avoiding nonproductive sulfonamide hydrolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica
H. Kostyo
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas76798, United States
| | - Avery T. Lallande
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas76798, United States
| | - Chloë A. Sells
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas76798, United States
| | - Mina R. Shuda
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas76798, United States
| | - Robert R. Kane
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas76798, United States
- Institute
of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, Texas76798, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu C, Xu R, Li Y, Andrade M, Yin DP. Gastric bypass prevents diabetes in genetically modified mice and chemically induced diabetic mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258942. [PMID: 34673835 PMCID: PMC8530305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obese subjects have increase probabilities of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, we sought to determine whether gastric bypass prevents the progression of prediabetes to overt diabetes in genetically modified mice and chemically induced diabetic mice. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) was performed in C57BL/KsJ-db/db null (BKS-db/db,) mice, high-fat diet (HFD)-fed NONcNZO10/LtJ (NZO) mice, C57BL/6 db/db null (B6-db/db) mice and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Food consumption, body weight, fat mass, fast blood glucose level, circulating insulin and adiponectin and glucose tolerance test were analyzed. The liver and pancreatic tissues were subjected to H&E and immunohistochemistry staining and islet cells to flow cytometry for apoptotic analysis. RYGB resulted in sustained normoglycemia and improved glucose tolerance in young prediabetic BKS-db/db mice (at the age of 6 weeks with hyperglycemia and normal insulinemia) and HFD-fed NZO and B6-db/db mice. Remarkably, RYGB improved liver steatosis, preserved the pancreatic β-cells and reduced β-cell apoptosis with increases in circulating insulin and adiponectin in young prediabetic BKS-db/db mice. However, RYGB neither reversed hyperglycemia in adult diabetic BKS-db/db mice (12 weeks old) nor attenuated hyperglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic mice. These results demonstrate that gastric bypass improves hyperglycemia in genetically modified prediabetic mice; however, it should be performed prior to β-cells exhaustion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhu
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, CTGU, and Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Xu
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, CTGU, and Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- The Department of Surgery at University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois United States of America
| | - Michael Andrade
- The Department of Surgery at University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois United States of America
| | - Deng Ping Yin
- The Department of Surgery at University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen C, Rong P, Yang M, Ma X, Feng Z, Wang W. The Role of Interleukin-1β in Destruction of Transplanted Islets. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720934413. [PMID: 32543895 PMCID: PMC7563886 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720934413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a promising β-cell replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes, which can reduce glucose lability and hypoglycemic episodes compared with standard insulin therapy. Despite the tremendous progress made in this field, challenges remain in terms of long-term successful transplant outcomes. The insulin independence rate remains low after islet transplantation from one donor pancreas. It has been reported that the islet-related inflammatory response is the main cause of early islet damage and graft loss after transplantation. The production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has considered to be one of the primary harmful inflammatory events during pancreatic procurement, islet isolation, and islet transplantation. Evidence suggests that the innate immune response is upregulated through the activity of Toll-like receptors and The NACHT Domain-Leucine-Rich Repeat and PYD-containing Protein 3 inflammasome, which are the starting points for a series of signaling events that drive excessive IL-1β production in islet transplantation. In this review, we show recent contributions to the advancement of knowledge of IL-1β in islet transplantation and discuss several strategies targeting IL-1β for improving islet engraftment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Rong
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Yang
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhichao Feng
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Keshavarz Z, Zareei N, Afshari A, Karimi MH, Yaghobi R, Malekhosseini SA. TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression levels in liver transplant patients with acute rejection. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152107. [PMID: 34192627 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have important role in transplant outcomes by activating the innate immune system and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to graft rejection. We assessed the expression level of TL2 and TLR4 in acute rejection (AR) on the 1st and 7th-day post-transplantation. TLR2 and TLR4 expressions were evaluated by real-time PCR in both the AR group (n = 50) and non-AR (n = 50), compared with the control group. Also, the correlation of the expression levels of TLRs between both the 1st and 7th day was analyzed. ROC curve analysis was used to determine the cut-off value for TLRs expression. TLR4 mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in AR patients vs. the controls on the 1st day (p ≤ 0.05) and it was down-regulated in non-AR vs. controls on the 1st day (p ≤ 0.05). Also, TLR4 expression had decreased in both AR and non-AR groups vs. control on the 7th day (p ≤ 0.05). Both TLR2 and TLR4 expression in comparison to non-AR had increased in the AR group on the 7th day (p ≤ 0.05). TLR2 expression positively correlated between 1st and 7th day in AR (r = 0.3, (p ≤ 0.05) and non-AR group (r = 0.2, p ≤ 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed a cut-off value of TLR2 up to 0.98 with sensitivity 71.05 (95%CI = 54.1-84.6) and specificity 63.27 (95%CI = 48.3-76.6) that could distinguish between AR and non-AR group (p ≤ 0.05). The data support that both TLR2 and TLR4 expression have an effective role in AR after liver transplantation and could be used as possible biomarkers for AR to choose better therapeutic strategies based on immunological aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Keshavarz
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Neda Zareei
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afsoon Afshari
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arifin DR, Bulte JWM. In Vivo Imaging of Pancreatic Islet Grafts in Diabetes Treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:640117. [PMID: 33737913 PMCID: PMC7961081 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.640117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of pancreatic islets has potential to offer life-long blood glucose management in type I diabetes and severe type II diabetes without the need of exogenous insulin administration. However, islet cell therapy suffers from autoimmune and allogeneic rejection as well as non-immune related factors. Non-invasive techniques to monitor and evaluate the fate of cell implants in vivo are essential to understand the underlying causes of graft failure, and hence to improve the precision and efficacy of islet therapy. This review describes how imaging technology has been employed to interrogate the distribution, number or volume, viability, and function of islet implants in vivo. To date, fluorescence imaging, PET, SPECT, BLI, MRI, MPI, and ultrasonography are the many imaging modalities being developed to fulfill this endeavor. We outline here the advantages, limitations, and clinical utility of each particular imaging approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dian R. Arifin
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeff W. M. Bulte
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeff W. M. Bulte,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang H, Wang H, Andersson U. Targeting Inflammation Driven by HMGB1. Front Immunol 2020; 11:484. [PMID: 32265930 PMCID: PMC7099994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a highly conserved, nuclear protein present in all cell types. It is a multi-facet protein exerting functions both inside and outside of cells. Extracellular HMGB1 has been extensively studied for its prototypical alarmin functions activating innate immunity, after being actively released from cells or passively released upon cell death. TLR4 and RAGE operate as the main HMGB1 receptors. Disulfide HMGB1 activates the TLR4 complex by binding to MD-2. The binding site is separate from that of LPS and it is now feasible to specifically interrupt HMGB1/TLR4 activation without compromising protective LPS/TLR4-dependent functions. Another important therapeutic strategy is established on the administration of HMGB1 antagonists precluding RAGE-mediated endocytosis of HMGB1 and HMGB1-bound molecules capable of activating intracellular cognate receptors. Here we summarize the role of HMGB1 in inflammation, with a focus on recent findings on its mission as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule and as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases. Recently generated HMGB1-specific inhibitors for treatment of inflammatory conditions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Haichao Wang
- Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ulf Andersson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chung H, Hong SJ, Choi SW, Koo JY, Kim M, Kim HJ, Park SB, Park CG. High mobility group box 1 secretion blockade results in the reduction of early pancreatic islet graft loss. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:1081-1086. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
10
|
He W, Rebello O, Savino R, Terracciano R, Schuster-Klein C, Guardiola B, Maedler K. TLR4 triggered complex inflammation in human pancreatic islets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:86-97. [PMID: 30287405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is strongly associated with obesity and inflammation. Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) is the major pro-inflammatory pathway with its ligands and downstream products increased systemically in T2D and in at-risk individuals. Detailed mechanisms of the complex proinflammatory response in pancreatic islets remain unknown. In isolated human islets LPS induced IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF production in a TLR4-dependent manner and severely impaired β-cell survival and function. IL-6 antagonism improved β-cell function. IL-8, which was identified specifically in α-cells, initiated monocyte migration, a process fully blocked by IL-8 neutralization. The TLR4 response was potentiated in obese donors; with higher IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 expression than in non-obese donors. TLR4 activation leads to a complex multi-cellular inflammatory response in human islets, which involves β-cell failure, cytokine production and macrophage recruitment to islets. In obesity, the amplified TLR4 response may potentiate β-cell damage and accelerate diabetes progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- University of Bremen, Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Germany.
| | - Osmond Rebello
- University of Bremen, Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Germany
| | - Rocco Savino
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosa Terracciano
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | - Kathrin Maedler
- University of Bremen, Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Early TLR4 Blockade Attenuates Sterile Inflammation-mediated Stress in Islets During Isolation and Promotes Successful Transplant Outcomes. Transplantation 2018; 102:1505-1513. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
12
|
Kigerl KA, Lai W, Wallace LM, Yang H, Popovich PG. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is increased in injured mouse spinal cord and can elicit neurotoxic inflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 72:22-33. [PMID: 29175543 PMCID: PMC6681463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a ubiquitous but poorly understood consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI). The mechanisms controlling this response are unclear but culminate in the sequential activation of resident and recruited immune cells. Collectively, these cells can exert divergent effects on cell survival and tissue repair. HMGB1 is a ubiquitously expressed DNA binding protein and also a potent inflammatory stimulus. Necrotic cells release HGMB1, but HMGB1 also is actively secreted by inflammatory macrophages. A goal of this study was to quantify spatio-temporal patterns of cellular HMGB1 expression in a controlled mouse model of experimental SCI then determine the effects of HMGB1 on post-SCI neuroinflammation and recovery of function. We documented SCI-induced changes in nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution of HMGB1 in various cell types after SCI. The data reveal a time-dependent increase in HMGB1 mRNA and protein with protein reaching maximal levels 24-72 h post-injury then declining toward baseline 14-28 days post-SCI. Although most cells expressed nuclear HMGB1, reduced nuclear labeling with increased cytoplasmic expression was found in a subset of CNS macrophages suggesting that those cells begin to secrete HMGB1 at the injury site. In vitro data indicate that extracelluar HMGB1 helps promote the development of macrophages with a neurotoxic phenotype. The ability of HMGB1 to elicit neurotoxic macrophage functions was confirmed in vivo; 72 h after injecting 500 ng of recombinant HMGB1 into intact spinal cord ventral horn, inflammatory CNS macrophages co-localized with focal areas of neuronal killing. However, attempts to confer neuroprotection after SCI by blocking HMGB1 with a neutralizing antibody were unsuccessful. Collectively, these data implicate HMGB1 as a novel regulator of post-SCI inflammation and suggest that inhibition of HMGB1 could be a novel therapeutic target after SCI. Future studies will need to identify better methods to deliver optimal concentrations of HMGB1 antagonists to the injured spinal cord.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A. Kigerl
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wenmin Lai
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lindsay M. Wallace
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Phillip G. Popovich
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA,corresponding author: Phillip G. Popovich, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, 786 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, (614) 688-8576,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Inoue H, Shirakawa J, Togashi Y, Tajima K, Okuyama T, Kyohara M, Tanaka Y, Orime K, Saisho Y, Yamada T, Shibue K, Kulkarni RN, Terauchi Y. Signaling between pancreatic β cells and macrophages via S100 calcium-binding protein A8 exacerbates β-cell apoptosis and islet inflammation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5934-5946. [PMID: 29496993 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.809228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation in the pancreatic islets is observed in individuals with type 2 diabetes, and macrophage levels are elevated in the islets of these individuals. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between the pancreatic β cells and macrophages and their involvement in inflammation are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the role of S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8), a member of the damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), in β-cell inflammation. Co-cultivation of pancreatic islets with unstimulated peritoneal macrophages in the presence of palmitate (to induce lipotoxicity) and high glucose (to induce glucotoxicity) synergistically increased the expression and release of islet-produced S100A8 in a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-independent manner. Consistently, a significant increase in the expression of the S100a8 gene was observed in the islets of diabetic db/db mice. Furthermore, the islet-derived S100A8 induced TLR4-mediated inflammatory cytokine production by migrating macrophages. When human islet cells were co-cultured with U937 human monocyte cells, the palmitate treatment up-regulated S100A8 expression. This S100A8-mediated interaction between islets and macrophages evoked β-cell apoptosis, which was ameliorated by TLR4 inhibition in the macrophages or S100A8 neutralization in the pancreatic islets. Of note, both glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity triggered S100A8 secretion from the pancreatic islets, which in turn promoted macrophage infiltration of the islets. Taken together, a positive feedback loop between islet-derived S100A8 and macrophages drives β-cell apoptosis and pancreatic islet inflammation. We conclude that developing therapeutic approaches to inhibit S100A8 may serve to prevent β-cell loss in patients with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Inoue
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Jun Shirakawa
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan,
| | - Yu Togashi
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tajima
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomoko Okuyama
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mayu Kyohara
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yui Tanaka
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuki Orime
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.,the Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02138
| | | | - Taketo Yamada
- Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan, and
| | - Kimitaka Shibue
- the Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- the Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chang CA, Akinbobuyi B, Quintana JM, Yoshimatsu G, Naziruddin B, Kane RR. Ex-vivo generation of drug-eluting islets improves transplant outcomes by inhibiting TLR4-Mediated NFkB upregulation. Biomaterials 2017; 159:13-24. [PMID: 29309990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The systemic administration of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory drugs is routinely employed in organ transplantation to minimize graft rejection and improve graft survival. Localized drug delivery has the potential to improve transplant outcomes by providing sustained exposure to efficacious drug concentrations while avoiding systemic immunosuppression and off-target effects. Here, we describe the synthesis of a novel prodrug and its direct covalent conjugation to pancreatic islets via a cleavable linker. Post-transplant, linker hydrolysis results in the release of a potent anti-inflammatory antagonist of TLR4, localized to the site of implantation. This covalent islet modification significantly reduces the time and the minimal effective dose of islets necessary to achieve normoglycemia in a murine transplantation model. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice a syngeneic transplant of ∼100 modified islets achieved a 100% cure rate by the end of a 4-week monitoring period, compared to a 0% cure rate for untreated control islets. Overall, this direct prodrug conjugation to islets is well tolerated and preserves their functionality while affording significantly superior transplant outcomes. The development of drug-eluting tissues that deliver sustained and localized doses of small-molecule therapeutics represents a novel pathway for enhancing success in transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Babatope Akinbobuyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Jeremy M Quintana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Gumpei Yoshimatsu
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75226, USA
| | - Bashoo Naziruddin
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Robert R Kane
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schaper F, de Leeuw K, Horst G, Maas F, Bootsma H, Heeringa P, Limburg PC, Westra J. Autoantibodies to box A of high mobility group box 1 in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 188:412-419. [PMID: 28245520 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies to nuclear structures are a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including autoantibodies to nuclear protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). HMGB1 consists of three separate domains: box A, box B and an acidic tail. Recombinant box A acts as a competitive antagonist for HMGB1 and might be an interesting treatment option in SLE. However, antibodies to box A might interfere. Therefore, levels of anti-box A were examined in SLE patients in association with disease activity and clinical parameters. Serum anti-box A was measured in 86 SLE patients and 44 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Serum samples of 28 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and 32 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were included as disease controls. Anti-HMGB1 and anti-box B levels were also measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay during quiescent disease [SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) ≤ 4, n = 47] and active disease (SLEDAI ≥ 5, n = 39). Anti-box A levels in active SLE patients were higher compared to quiescent patients, and were increased significantly compared to HC and disease controls. Anti-box A levels correlated positively with SLEDAI and anti-dsDNA levels and negatively with complement C3 levels. Increased levels of anti-box A antibodies were present in the majority of patients with nephritic (73%) and non-nephritic exacerbations (71%). Antibodies to the box A domain of HMGB1 might be an interesting new biomarker, as these had a high specificity for SLE and were associated with disease activity. Longitudinal studies should be performed to evaluate whether these antibodies perform better in predicting an exacerbation, especially non-nephritic exacerbations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Schaper
- Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - K de Leeuw
- Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - G Horst
- Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - F Maas
- Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - H Bootsma
- Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - P Heeringa
- Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - P C Limburg
- Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J Westra
- Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Adin CA, Vangundy ZC, Papenfuss TL, Xu F, Ghanem M, Lakey J, Hadley GA. Physiologic Doses of Bilirubin Contribute to Tolerance of Islet Transplants by Suppressing the Innate Immune Response. Cell Transplant 2017; 26:11-21. [PMID: 27393133 PMCID: PMC5657680 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x692096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin has been recognized as a powerful cytoprotectant when used at physiologic doses and was recently shown to have immunomodulatory effects in islet allograft transplantation, conveying donor-specific tolerance in a murine model. We hypothesized that bilirubin, an antioxidant, acts to suppress the innate immune response to islet allografts through two mechanisms: 1) by suppressing graft release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and inflammatory cytokines, and 2) by producing a tolerogenic phenotype in antigen-presenting cells. Bilirubin was administered intraperitoneally before pancreatic procurement or was added to culture media after islet isolation in AJ mice. Islets were exposed to transplant-associated nutrient deprivation and hypoxia. Bilirubin significantly decreased islet cell death after isolation and hypoxic stress. Bilirubin supplementation of islet media also decreased the release of DAMPs (HMGB1), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6), and chemokines (MCP-1). Cytoprotection was mediated by the antioxidant effects of bilirubin. Treatment of macrophages with bilirubin induced a regulatory phenotype, with increased expression of PD-L1. Coculture of these macrophages with splenocytes led to expansion of Foxp3+ Tregs. In conclusion, exogenous bilirubin supplementation showed cytoprotective and antioxidant effects in a relevant model of islet isolation and hypoxic stress. Suppression of DAMP release, alterations in cytokine profiles, and tolerogenic effects on macrophages suggest that the use of this natural antioxidant may provide a method of preconditioning to improve outcomes after allograft transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Adin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Zachary C. Vangundy
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tracey L. Papenfuss
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mostafa Ghanem
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan Lakey
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gregg A. Hadley
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ugrinova I, Pasheva E. HMGB1 Protein: A Therapeutic Target Inside and Outside the Cell. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 107:37-76. [PMID: 28215228 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a nonhistone chromosomal protein discovered more than 30 years ago. It is an abundant nuclear protein that has a dual function-in the nucleus, it binds DNA and participates in practically all DNA-dependent processes serving as an architectural factor. Outside the cell, HMGB1 plays a different role-it acts as an alarmine that activates a large number of HMGB1-"competent" cells and mediates a broad range of physiological and pathological responses. This universality makes it an attractive target for innovative therapeutic strategies in the treatment of various diseases. Here we present an overview of the major nuclear and extracellular properties of HMGB1 and describe its interaction with different molecular partners as specific receptors or inhibitors, which are important for its role as a target in multiple diseases. We highlight its pivotal role as a target for cancer treatment at two aspects: first in terms of its substantial impact on the repair capacity of cancer cells, thus affecting the effectiveness of chemotherapy with the antitumor drug cis-platinum and, second, the possibility to be targeted by microRNAs influencing different pathways of human diseases, thus making it a promising candidate for a new strategy for therapeutic interventions against various pathological conditions but mainly cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Ugrinova
- "Roumen Tsanev" Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - E Pasheva
- "Roumen Tsanev" Institute of Molecular Biology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cheng Y, Xiong J, Chen Q, Xia J, Zhang Y, Yang X, Tao K, Zhang S, He S. Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced HMGB1 translocation and release promotes islet proinflammatory cytokine production and early islet graft failure through TLRs signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:354-364. [PMID: 27838489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) translocation and release, which is involved in several tissue types of ischemia-reperfusion injuries, activate innate immunity by inducing proinflammatory cytokine production through its interaction with toll-like receptors (TLRs). Our objective was to determine the role of HMGB1 and the degree of activation of TLR-related signal transduction pathways in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced proinflammatory cytokine production and intra-islet graft inflammation. After islets are exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation for 24h, TLR2/4 expression and TLR-mediated signaling was up-regulated in islets, and HMGB1 was translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and released to the extracellular space. With H/R exposure, proinflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β and TNF-α) and islet injury were significantly increased, and these effects depend on TLR2/4 signaling pathways. Exogenous HMGB1 also induces islet inflammation and increases the phosphorylation of STAT3, p38 and IκBα in wild-type islets. TLR2 deficiency in TLR2-KO islets resulted in the inhibition of IL-1β production and STAT3/p38 phosphorylation after HMGB1 exposure. TLR4 deficiency in TLR4-KO islets resulted in the inhibition of TNF-α production and IκBα phosphorylation after HMGB1 exposure. Pre-incubation of the STAT3, p38, or NF-κB inhibitors significantly inhibited HMGB1-induced IL-1β or TNF-α production in islets, but the effect of HMGB1 or H/R-induced islet injury was not counteracted by a separate treatment of the STAT3 inhibitor, p38 inhibitor, or NF-κB inhibitors. HMGB1 inhibition by ethyl pyruvate or blockade by neutralizing antibodies significantly decreased the phosphorylation of STAT3, p38 and IκBα, the production of IL-1β and TNF-α, and the islet injury in wild-type islets after exposure to H/R and significantly improved early islet graft failure. Thus, our results suggest that HMGB1 released from H/R induced islets works in an autocrine manner to up-regulate STAT or p38 and augment IL-1β production via TLR2, and up-regulate NF-κB and augment TNF-α production via TLR4 in intra-islet, which are associated with H/R-induced islet injury and early graft failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Cheng
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Xiong
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Kun Tao
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Sirong He
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang X, Yu J, Li M, Zhu H, Sun X, Kong L. The association of HMGB1 expression with clinicopathological significance and prognosis in Asian patients with colorectal carcinoma: a meta-analysis and literature review. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4901-11. [PMID: 27540303 PMCID: PMC4982502 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s105512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression with clinicopathological significance and prognosis in Asian patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis and literature review to identify the role of HMGB1 in the development and prognosis of CRC in Asians. Methods All eligible studies regarding the association between HMGB1 expression in tissue with clinicopathological significance and prognosis in Asian patients with CRC published up to January 2015 were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang database. Analysis of pooled data was performed, while odds ratio (OR) or hazard radio with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated and summarized to evaluate the strength of this association in fixed- or random-effects model. Results The expression level of HMGB1 in CRC tissues was much higher than normal colorectal tissues (OR =27.35, 95% CI 9.32–80.26, P<0.0001) and para-tumor colorectal tissues (OR =10.06, 95% CI 4.61–21.95, P<0.0001). There was no relation between the HMGB1 expression and sex, age, clinical T stage, tumor size, and location (colon or rectum cancer). However, a significant relation was detected between the HMGB1 expression and clinical stage (American Joint Committee on Cancer 7), lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, tumor invasion depth, and differentiation rate (P=0.002, P≤0.0001, P<0.0001, P<0.0001, and P=0.007, respectively). Patients with higher HMGB1 expression had shorter overall survival time, whereas patients with lower level of HMGB1 had better survival (hazard ratio =1.40, 95% CI 0.98–1.82, P<0.0001). Conclusion In this meta-analysis, our results illustrated the significant relationship of HMGB1 protein overexpression in tissues with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of CRC. Thus, HMGB1 may be a promising marker in predicting the clinical outcome of patients with CRC. However, more well-designed studies of large sample size are warranted to validate the findings of current study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghuan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xindong Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jiang BT, Chen QZ, Guo ZH, Zou W, Chen X, Zha WL. Ischemic post-conditioning attenuates renal ischemic reperfusion injury via down-regulation of toll-like receptor 4 in diabetic rats. Ren Fail 2016; 38:1425-1431. [DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1214148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
21
|
Venereau E, De Leo F, Mezzapelle R, Careccia G, Musco G, Bianchi ME. HMGB1 as biomarker and drug target. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:534-544. [PMID: 27378565 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
High Mobility Group Box 1 protein was discovered as a nuclear protein, but it has a "second life" outside the cell where it acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern. HMGB1 is passively released or actively secreted in a number of diseases, including trauma, chronic inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Extracellular HMGB1 triggers and sustains the inflammatory response by inducing cytokine release and by recruiting leucocytes. These characteristics make extracellular HMGB1 a key molecular target in multiple diseases. A number of strategies have been used to prevent HMGB1 release or to inhibit its activities. Current pharmacological strategies include antibodies, peptides, decoy receptors and small molecules. Noteworthy, salicylic acid, a metabolite of aspirin, has been recently found to inhibit HMGB1. HMGB1 undergoes extensive post-translational modifications, in particular acetylation and oxidation, which modulate its functions. Notably, high levels of serum HMGB1, in particular of the hyper-acetylated and disulfide isoforms, are sensitive disease biomarkers and are associated with different disease stages. In the future, the development of isoform-specific HMGB1 inhibitors may potentiate and fine-tune the pharmacological control of inflammation. We review here the current therapeutic strategies targeting HMGB1, in particular the emerging and relatively unexplored small molecules-based approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Venereau
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; HMGBiotech s.r.l., Milan, Italy
| | - Federica De Leo
- Biomolecular NMR Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mezzapelle
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Careccia
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Musco
- Biomolecular NMR Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dong H, Zhang Y, Song L, Kim DS, Wu H, Yang L, Li S, Morgan KA, Adams DB, Wang H. Cell-Permeable Peptide Blocks TLR4 Signaling and Improves Islet Allograft Survival. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:1319-29. [PMID: 26771084 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x690449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation in pancreatic β cells activates aberrant islet graft cellular pathways and contributes to immune rejection in allogeneic islet transplantation. As an approach to overcoming this problem, we determined the capacity of a 33-amino acid peptide consisting of a protein transduction domain (PTD) from the Hph-1 virus and a fragment of the intracellular domain of TLR4 from the C3H mice (PTD-dnTLR4) to block TLR4 signaling and improve allogeneic islet survival in vitro and after transplantation. The efficacy of PTD-dnTLR4 in blocking TLR4 signaling was assessed in the Raw264.7 macrophage line, in the islets, and the βTC3 cell line. In Raw264.7 cells, preculture with the peptide reduced LPS-induced NF-κB activation and production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, and IL-6). In islets and β cells, preincubation with PTD-dnTLR4 suppressed LPS-induced TNF-α expression via inhibition of NF-κB activation and protected them from stress-induced cell death. In vivo, preincubation of BALB/c (H-2(d)) islets with PTD-dnTLR4 resulted in significantly longer survival than control islets in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes model (two of seven grafts survived long term >100 days). PTD-dnTLR4-treated grafts exhibited reduced expression of TNF-α and iNOS and reduced macrophage infiltration posttransplant. The data indicate that PTD-dnTLR4 blocked TLR4 signaling in both macrophages and β cells, and prolonged allograft survival at least in part by suppressing inflammation and macrophage infiltration. This strategy for blocking TLR4 activity has potential utilization in the treatment of diseases where excessive TLR4 activation contributes to the pathologic cellular pathways such as islet transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huansheng Dong
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schaper F, van Timmeren MM, Petersen A, Horst G, Bijl M, Limburg PC, Westra J, Heeringa P. Treatment with Anti-HMGB1 Monoclonal Antibody Does Not Affect Lupus Nephritis in MRL/lpr Mice. Mol Med 2016; 22:12-21. [PMID: 26837069 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear DNA binding protein that acts as an alarmin when secreted. HMGB1 is increased in systemic lupus erythematosus and might represent a potential therapeutic target. We investigated whether treatment with an anti-HMGB1 antibody affects the development of lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice. Seven-week-old MRL/lpr mice were injected intraperitoneally twice weekly for 10 wks with 50 μg monoclonal anti-HMGB1 (2G7, mouse IgG2b) (n = 12) or control antibody (n = 11). Control MRL/MPJ mice (n = 10) were left untreated. Every 2 wks, blood was drawn and urine was collected at wk 7, 11 and 17. Mice were sacrificed at 17 wks for complete disease evaluation. Plasma HMGB1 and anti-HMGB1 levels were increased in MRL/lpr mice compared with control MRL/MPJ mice. There were no differences in albuminuria, urine HMGB1 and plasma levels of complement C3, anti-dsDNA and proinflammatory cytokines between untreated and treated mice at any time point. Lupus nephritis of mice treated with anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was classified as class III (n = 3) and class IV (n = 9), while mice treated with control mAb were classified as class II (n = 4), class III (n = 2) and class IV (n = 5). IgG and C3 deposits in kidneys were similar in mice treated with anti-HMGB1 mAb or control mAb. In conclusion, treatment with monoclonal anti-HMGB-1 antibody 2G7 does not affect development of lupus nephritis, disease progression or proinflammatory cytokine levels in MRL/lpr mice. This result indicates that blocking of HMGB1 by this neutralizing antibody does not affect lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fleur Schaper
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjan M van Timmeren
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen Petersen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerda Horst
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Bijl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Martini Hospital, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter C Limburg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Westra
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang Y, Zhong J, Zhang X, Liu Z, Yang Y, Gong Q, Ren B. The Role of HMGB1 in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:2543268. [PMID: 28101517 PMCID: PMC5215175 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2543268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance. With an alarming increase in recent years, diabetes mellitus has become a global challenge. Despite advances in treatment of diabetes mellitus, currently, medications available are unable to control the progression of diabetes and its complications. Growing evidence suggests that inflammation is an important pathogenic mediator in the development of diabetes mellitus. The perspectives including suggestions for new therapies involving the shift from metabolic stress to inflammation should be taken into account. Critical Issues. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a nonhistone nuclear protein regulating gene expression, was rediscovered as an endogenous danger signal molecule to trigger inflammatory responses when released into extracellular milieu in the late 1990s. Given the similarities of inflammatory response in the development of T2D, we will discuss the potential implication of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of T2D. Importantly, we will summarize and renovate the role of HMGB1 and HMGB1-mediated inflammatory pathways in adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, and islet dysfunction. Future Directions. HMGB1 and its downstream receptors RAGE and TLRs may serve as potential antidiabetic targets. Current and forthcoming projects in this territory will pave the way for prospective approaches targeting the center of HMGB1-mediated inflammation to improve T2D and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xiangzhi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- *Quan Gong: and
| | - Boxu Ren
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- *Boxu Ren:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Khosravi-Maharlooei M, Hajizadeh-Saffar E, Tahamtani Y, Basiri M, Montazeri L, Khalooghi K, Kazemi Ashtiani M, Farrokhi A, Aghdami N, Sadr Hashemi Nejad A, Larijani MB, De Leu N, Heimberg H, Luo X, Baharvand H. THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Islet transplantation for type 1 diabetes: so close and yet so far away. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 173:R165-83. [PMID: 26036437 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, tremendous efforts have been made to establish pancreatic islet transplantation as a standard therapy for type 1 diabetes. Recent advances in islet transplantation have resulted in steady improvements in the 5-year insulin independence rates for diabetic patients. Here we review the key challenges encountered in the islet transplantation field which include islet source limitation, sub-optimal engraftment of islets, lack of oxygen and blood supply for transplanted islets, and immune rejection of islets. Additionally, we discuss possible solutions for these challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khosravi-Maharlooei
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Hajizadeh-Saffar
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Yaser Tahamtani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Mohsen Basiri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Leila Montazeri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Keynoosh Khalooghi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi Ashtiani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Ali Farrokhi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Anavasadat Sadr Hashemi Nejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Bagher Larijani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Nico De Leu
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Harry Heimberg
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Xunrong Luo
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research CenterDepartment of Regenerative Medicine at Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranEndocrinology and Metabolism Research InstituteTehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDiabetes Research CenterVrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, BelgiumDivision of Nephrology and HypertensionDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran 148-16635, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Köllmer M, Appel AA, Somo SI, Brey EM. Long-Term Function of Alginate-Encapsulated Islets. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 22:34-46. [PMID: 26414084 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human trials have demonstrated the feasibility of alginate-encapsulated islet cells for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Encapsulated islets can be protected from the host's immune system and remain viable and functional following transplantation. However, the long-term success of these therapies requires that alginate microcapsules maintain their immunoprotective capacity and stability in vivo for sustained periods. In part, as a consequence of different encapsulation strategies, islet encapsulation studies have produced inconsistent results in regard to graft functioning time, stability, and overall metabolic benefits. Alginate composition (proportion of M- and G-blocks), alginate purity, the cross-linking ions (calcium or barium), and the presence or absence of additional polymer coating layers influence the success of cell encapsulation. This review summarizes the outcomes of long-term studies of alginate-encapsulated islet transplants in animals and humans and provides a critical discussion of the graft failure mechanisms, including issues with graft biocompatibility, transplantation site, and integrity of the encapsulated islet grafts. Strategies to improve the mechanical stability of alginate capsules and methods for monitoring graft survival and function in vivo are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Köllmer
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alyssa A Appel
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago, Illinois.,2 Research Service, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital , Hines, Illinois
| | - Sami I Somo
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago, Illinois.,2 Research Service, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital , Hines, Illinois
| | - Eric M Brey
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago, Illinois.,2 Research Service, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital , Hines, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Giovannoni L, Muller YD, Lacotte S, Parnaud G, Borot S, Meier RP, Lavallard V, Bédat B, Toso C, Daubeuf B, Elson G, Shang L, Morel P, Kosco-Vilbois M, Bosco D, Berney T. Enhancement of Islet Engraftment and Achievement of Long-Term Islet Allograft Survival by Toll-Like Receptor 4 Blockade. Transplantation 2015; 99:29-35. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
28
|
Vivot K, Langlois A, Bietiger W, Dal S, Seyfritz E, Pinget M, Jeandidier N, Maillard E, Gies JP, Sigrist S. Pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant status of pancreatic islet in vitro is controlled by TLR-4 and HO-1 pathways. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107656. [PMID: 25343247 PMCID: PMC4208733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their isolation until implantation, pancreatic islets suffer a major stress leading to the activation of inflammatory reactions. The maintenance of controlled inflammation is essential to preserve survival and function of the graft. Identification and targeting of pathway(s) implicated in post-transplant detrimental inflammatory events, is mandatory to improve islet transplantation success. We sought to characterize the expression of the pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant mediators during islet culture with a focus on Heme oxygenase (HO-1) and Toll-like receptors-4 signaling pathways. Rat pancreatic islets were isolated and pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant status were evaluated after 0, 12, 24 and 48 hours of culture through TLR-4, HO-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, CCL-2 and IL-6 secretion, ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) production (Dihydroethidine staining, DHE) and macrophages migration. To identify the therapeutic target, TLR4 inhibition (CLI-095) and HO-1 activation (cobalt protoporphyrin,CoPP) was performed. Activation of NFκB signaling pathway was also investigated. After isolation and during culture, pancreatic islet exhibited a proinflammatory and prooxidant status (increase levels of TLR-4, COX-2, CCL-2, IL-6, and ROS). Activation of HO-1 or inhibition of TLR-4 decreased inflammatory status and oxidative stress of islets. Moreover, the overexpression of HO-1 induced NFκB phosphorylation while the inhibition of TLR-4 had no effect NFκB activation. Finally, inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathway induced a reduction of macrophages migration. These data demonstrated that the TLR-4 signaling pathway is implicated in early inflammatory events leading to a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant status of islets in vitro. Moreover, these results provide the mechanism whereby the benefits of HO-1 target in TLR-4 signaling pathway. HO-1 could be then an interesting target to protect islets before transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Vivot
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Allan Langlois
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - William Bietiger
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphanie Dal
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elodie Seyfritz
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Pinget
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
- Structure d'Endocrinologie, Diabète –Nutrition et Addictologie, Pôle NUDE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, (HUS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Jeandidier
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
- Structure d'Endocrinologie, Diabète –Nutrition et Addictologie, Pôle NUDE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, (HUS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Elisa Maillard
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Gies
- UMR 7034 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Séverine Sigrist
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Spinal HMGB1 induces TLR4-mediated long-lasting hypersensitivity and glial activation and regulates pain-like behavior in experimental arthritis. Pain 2014; 155:1802-1813. [PMID: 24954167 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) plays important roles in the pathogenesis of nerve injury- and cancer-induced pain. However, the involvement of spinal HMGB1 in arthritis-induced pain has not been examined previously and is the focus of this study. Immunohistochemistry showed that HMGB1 is expressed in neurons and glial cells in the spinal cord. Subsequent to induction of collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA), Hmgb1 mRNA and extranuclear protein levels were significantly increased in the lumbar spinal cord. Intrathecal (i.t.) injection of a neutralizing anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody or recombinant HMGB1 box A peptide (Abox), which each prevent extracellular HMGB1 activities, reversed CAIA-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. This occurred during ongoing joint inflammation as well as during the postinflammatory phase, indicating that spinal HMGB1 has an important function in nociception persisting beyond episodes of joint inflammation. Importantly, only HMGB1 in its partially oxidized isoform (disulfide HMGB1), which activates toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), but not in its fully reduced or fully oxidized isoforms, evoked mechanical hypersensitivity upon i.t. injection. Interestingly, although both male and female mice developed mechanical hypersensitivity in response to i.t. HMGB1, female mice recovered faster. Furthermore, the pro-nociceptive effect of i.t. injection of HMGB1 persisted in Tlr2- and Rage-, but was absent in Tlr4-deficient mice. The same pattern was observed for HMGB1-induced spinal microglia and astrocyte activation and cytokine induction. These results demonstrate that spinal HMGB1 contributes to nociceptive signal transmission via activation of TLR4 and point to disulfide HMGB1 inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy in treatment of chronic inflammatory pain.
Collapse
|
30
|
Buder B, Alexander M, Krishnan R, Chapman DW, Lakey JR. Encapsulated islet transplantation: strategies and clinical trials. Immune Netw 2013; 13:235-9. [PMID: 24385941 PMCID: PMC3875781 DOI: 10.4110/in.2013.13.6.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Encapsulation of tissue has been an area of intense research with a myriad number of therapeutic applications as diverse as cancer, tissue regeneration, and diabetes. In the case of diabetes, transplantation of pancreatic islets of Langerhans containing insulin-producing beta cells has shown promise toward a cure. However, anti-rejection therapy that is needed to sustain the transplanted tissue has numerous adverse effects, and the islets might still be damaged by immune processes. Furthermore, the profound scarcity of healthy human donor organs restricts the availability of islets for transplant. Islet encapsulation allows the protection of this tissue without the use of toxic medications, while also expanding the donor pool to include animal sources. Before the widespread application of this therapy, there are still issues that need to be resolved. There are many materials that can be used, differing shapes and sizes of capsules, and varied sources of islets to name a few variables that need to be considered. In this review, the current options for capsule generation, past animal and human studies, and future directions in this area of research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Buder
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Rahul Krishnan
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - David W Chapman
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Jonathan Rt Lakey
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, CA 92868, USA. ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, CA 92868, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Efficacy of DHMEQ, a NF-κB inhibitor, in islet transplantation: II. Induction DHMEQ treatment ameliorates subsequent alloimmune responses and permits long-term islet allograft acceptance. Transplantation 2013; 96:454-62. [PMID: 23860082 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31829b077f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term graft deterioration remains a major obstacle in the success of pancreatic islet transplantation (PITx). Antigen-independent inflammatory and innate immune responses strengthen subsequent antigen-dependent immunity; further, activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB plays a key role during these responses. In this study, we tested our hypothesis that, by the inhibition of NF-κB activation, the suppression of these early responses after PITx could facilitate graft acceptance. METHODS Full major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched BALB/c (H-2) mice islets were transplanted into streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6 (B6: H-2) mice. The NF-κB inhibitor dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ) was administered for either 3 or 14 days after PITx. To some PITx recipients, tacrolimus was also administered. Islet allograft survival, alloimmune responses, and in vitro effects of DHMEQ on dendritic cells (DCs) were assessed. RESULTS With a vehicle treatment, 600 islet allografts were promptly rejected after PITx. In contrast, 3-day treatment with DHMEQ, followed by 2-week treatment with tacrolimus, allowed permanent acceptance of islet allografts. The endogenous danger-signaling molecule high mobility group complex 1 (HMGB1) was elevated in sera shortly after PITx, whereas DHMEQ administration abolished this elevation. DHMEQ suppressed HMGB1-driven cellular activation and proinflammatory cytokine secretion in mouse bone marrow-derived DCs and significantly reduced the capacity of DCs to prime allogeneic T-cell proliferation in vitro. Finally, the DHMEQ plus tacrolimus regimen reverted the diabetic state with only 300 islet allografts. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of NF-κB activation by DHMEQ shortly after PITx suppresses HMGB1, which activates DCs and strengthens the magnitude of alloimmune responses; this permits long-term islet allograft acceptance, even in case of fewer islet allografts.
Collapse
|
32
|
Krishnan R, Arora RP, Alexander M, White SM, Lamb MW, Foster CE, Choi B, Lakey JRT. Noninvasive evaluation of the vascular response to transplantation of alginate encapsulated islets using the dorsal skin-fold model. Biomaterials 2013; 35:891-8. [PMID: 24176195 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alginate encapsulation reduces the risk of transplant rejection by evading immune-mediated cell injury and rejection; however, poor vascular perfusion results in graft failure. Since existing imaging models are incapable of quantifying the vascular response to biomaterial implants after transplantation, in this study, we demonstrate the use of in vivo laser speckle imaging (LSI) and wide-field functional imaging (WiFI) to monitor the microvascular environment surrounding biomaterial implants. The vascular response to two islet-containing biomaterial encapsulation devices, alginate microcapsules and a high-guluronate alginate sheet, was studied and compared after implantation into the mouse dorsal window chamber (N = 4 per implant group). Images obtained over a 14-day period using LSI and WiFI were analyzed using algorithms to quantify blood flow, hemoglobin oxygen saturation and vascular density. Using our method, we were able to monitor the changes in the peri-implant microvasculature noninvasively without the use of fluorescent dyes. Significant changes in blood flow, hemoglobin oxygen saturation and vascular density were noted as early as the first week post-transplant. The dorsal window chamber model enables comparison of host responses to transplanted biomaterials. Future experiments will study the effect of changes in alginate composition on the vascular and immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Krishnan
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ochayon DE, Mizrahi M, Shahaf G, Baranovski BM, Lewis EC. Human α1-Antitrypsin Binds to Heat-Shock Protein gp96 and Protects from Endogenous gp96-Mediated Injury In vivo. Front Immunol 2013; 4:320. [PMID: 24191154 PMCID: PMC3808895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular form of the abundant heat-shock protein, gp96, is involved in human autoimmune pathologies. In patients with type 1 diabetes, circulating gp96 is found to be elevated, and is bound to the acute-phase protein, α1-antitrypsin (AAT). The two molecules also engage intracellularly during the physiological folding of AAT. AAT therapy promotes pancreatic islet survival in both transplantation and autoimmune diabetes models, and several clinical trials are currently examining AAT therapy for individuals with type 1 diabetes. However, its mechanism of action is yet unknown. Here, we examine whether the protective activity of AAT is related to binding of extracellular gp96. Primary mouse islets, macrophages, and dendritic cells were added recombinant gp96 in the presence of clinical-grade human AAT (hAAT, Glassia™, Kamada Ltd., Israel). Islet function was evaluated by insulin release. The effect of hAAT on IL-1β/IFNγ-induced gp96 cell-surface levels was also evaluated. In vivo, skin transplantation was performed for examination of robust immune responses, and systemic inflammation was induced by cecal puncture. Endogenous gp96 was inhibited by gp96-inhibitory peptide (gp96i, Compugen Ltd., Israel) in an allogeneic islet transplantation model. Our findings indicate that hAAT binds to gp96 and diminishes gp96-induced inflammatory responses; e.g., hAAT-treated gp96-stimulated islets released less pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β by 6.16-fold and TNFα by 2.69-fold) and regained gp96-disrupted insulin release. hAAT reduced cell activation during both skin transplantation and systemic inflammation, as well as lowered inducible surface levels of gp96 on immune cells. Finally, inhibition of gp96 significantly improved immediate islet graft function. These results suggest that hAAT is a regulator of gp96-mediated inflammatory responses, an increasingly appreciated endogenous damage response with relevance to human pathologies that are exacerbated by tissue injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E Ochayon
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Be'er Sheva , Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Early innate inflammatory reaction strongly affects islet engraftment and survival after intrahepatic transplantation. This early immune response is triggered by ischemia-reperfusion injury and instant blood mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) occurring hours and days after islet infusion. Evidence in both mouse model and in human counterpart suggest the involvement of coagulation, complement system, and proinflammatory chemokines/cytokines. Identification and targeting of pathway(s), playing a role as "master regulator(s)" in post-transplant detrimental inflammatory events, is now mandatory to improve islet transplantation success. This review will focus on inflammatory pathway(s) differentially modulated by islet isolation and mainly associated with the early post-transplant events. Moreover, we will take into account anti-inflammatory strategies that have been tested at 2 levels: on the graft, ex vivo, during islet culture (i.e., donor) and/or on the graft site, in vivo, early after islet infusion (i.e., recipient).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Citro
- Beta Cell Biology Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Inhibition of high-mobility group box 1 as therapeutic option in autoimmune disease: lessons from animal models. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2013; 25:254-9. [PMID: 23249831 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e32835cee2d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a molecule that has gained much attention in the last couple of years as an important player in innate immune responses and modulating factor in several (auto)immune diseases. Furthermore, advancements have been made in identifying the diverse functions that HMGB1 can play in the body by studying its receptors, pathways and effects. This review will focus on the modulation of HMGB1 in animal models of (auto)immune diseases. RECENT FINDINGS In different disease models like sepsis, ischemia-reperfusion and arthritis, HMGB1-blocking therapies have been tested and the disease course was shown to be ameliorated. SUMMARY These findings indicate that HMGB1 is an important mediator in innate immunity, inflammation and sterile injury. Furthermore, HMGB1 might be a new therapeutic target in inflammation and autoimmune diseases, which may be translated to the clinic.
Collapse
|
37
|
Ro H, Lee EW, Hong JH, Han KH, Yeom HJ, Kim HJ, Kim MG, Jung HS, Oh KH, Park KS, Ahn C, Yang J. Roles of Islet Toll-Like Receptors in Pig to Mouse Islet Xenotransplantation. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:1709-22. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although innate immunity plays important roles in xenograft rejection, there have been few studies on the role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in xenotransplantation. Furthermore, most studies focused on the recipient's TLRs. Therefore, we investigated whether TLRs in porcine islets can contribute to islet xenograft rejection. Adult porcine islets were isolated and stimulated by polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Both poly I:C and LPS stimulation in porcine islets induced expression of chemokines (RANTES, MCP-1, IP-10, and IL-8), cytokines (IL-6 and type I interferons), and adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and ICAM-1). Porcine islet supernatants stimulated by TLR agonists induced chemotaxis of human leukocytes. They also induced procoagulant activation (tissue factor and fgl-2). However, TLR stimulation did not influence insulin secretion. When porcine MyD88 was knocked down using shRNA lentivirus, TLR-mediated induction of proinflammatory mediators and procoagulants was attenuated. When LPS was injected to MyD88 or TLR4 knockout mice after porcine islet transplantation, LPS stimulation on donor islets interfered with islet xenograft tolerance induction by anti-CD154 antibodies. Inflammatory cell infiltration and expression of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines in islet xenografts also increased. In conclusion, TLR activation in porcine islets induced both a proinflammatory and procoagulant response and thereby contributed to xenograft rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Ro
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Won Lee
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Ho Hong
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyun Han
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Yeom
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jung Kim
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Gyu Kim
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Robles L, Storrs R, Lamb M, Alexander M, Lakey JRT. Current status of islet encapsulation. Cell Transplant 2013; 23:1321-48. [PMID: 23880554 DOI: 10.3727/096368913x670949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell encapsulation is a method of encasing cells in a semipermeable matrix that provides a permeable gradient for the passage of oxygen and nutrients, but effectively blocks immune-regulating cells from reaching the graft, preventing rejection. This concept has been described as early as the 1930s, but it has exhibited substantial achievements over the last decade. Several advances in encapsulation engineering, chemical purification, applications, and cell viability promise to make this a revolutionary technology. Several obstacles still need to be overcome before this process becomes a reality, including developing a reliable source of islets or insulin-producing cells, determining the ideal biomaterial to promote graft function, reducing the host response to the encapsulation device, and ultimately a streamlined, scaled-up process for industry to be able to efficiently and safely produce encapsulated cells for clinical use. This article provides a comprehensive review of cell encapsulation of islets for the treatment of type 1 diabetes, including a historical perspective, current research findings, and future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Robles
- Department of Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Eldor R, Abel R, Sever D, Sadoun G, Peled A, Sionov R, Melloul D. Inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activation in pancreatic β-cells has a protective effect on allogeneic pancreatic islet graft survival. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56924. [PMID: 23437272 PMCID: PMC3578930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation, a treatment for type 1 diabetes, has met significant challenges, as a substantial fraction of the islet mass fails to engraft, partly due to death by apoptosis in the peri- and post-transplantation periods. Previous evidence has suggested that NF-κB activation is involved in cytokine-mediated β-cell apoptosis and regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory and chemokine genes. We therefore sought to explore the effects of β-cell-specific inhibition of NF-κB activation as a means of cytoprotection in an allogeneic model of islet transplantation. To this end, we used islets isolated from the ToI-β transgenic mouse, where NF-κB signalling can specifically and conditionally be inhibited in β-cells by expressing an inducible and non-degradable form of IκBα regulated by the tet-on system. Our results show that β-cell-specific blockade of NF-κB led to a prolonged islet graft survival, with a relative higher preservation of the engrafted endocrine tissue and reduced inflammation. Importantly, a longer delay in allograft rejection was achieved when mice were systemically treated with the proteasome inhibitor, Bortezomib. Our findings emphasize the contribution of NF-κB activation in the allograft rejection process, and suggest an involvement of the CXCL10/IP-10 chemokine. Furthermore, we suggest a potential, readily available therapeutic agent that may temper this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roy Eldor
- Department of Endocrinology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roy Abel
- Department of Endocrinology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dror Sever
- Department of Endocrinology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gad Sadoun
- Department of Endocrinology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amnon Peled
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronit Sionov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IMRIC, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Danielle Melloul
- Department of Endocrinology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jung HS, Kim MJ, Hong SH, Lee YJ, Kang S, Lee H, Chung SS, Park JS, Park KS. The potential of endothelial colony-forming cells to improve early graft loss after intraportal islet transplantation. Cell Transplant 2013; 23:273-83. [PMID: 23294520 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x661364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Early graft loss in islet transplantation means that a large amount of donor islets is required. Endothelial cells and endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) have been reported to improve instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) in vitro. In this study, we examined if ECFC-coated porcine islets would prevent early graft loss in vivo. Human ECFCs were prepared from cord blood and cocultured with islets to make composite grafts. Diabetic nude mice underwent intraportal transplantation. Blood glucose levels were monitored, and morphological examination of the grafts along with analysis of the components of IBMIR and inflammatory reaction were performed with the liver tissues. The ECFC-coated islets significantly decreased blood glucose levels immediately after transplantation compared to the uncoated islets. Composite ECFC islet grafts were observed in the liver sections, associated with a more insulin(+) area compared to that of the uncoated group within 48 h after transplantation. Deposition of CD41a, C5b-9, and CD11b(+) cells was also decreased in the ECFC-coated group. Expression of porcine HMGB1 and mouse TNF-α was increased in the transplantated groups compared to the sham operation group, with a trend of a decreasing trend across the uncoated group, the ECFC-coated group, and the sham group. We demonstrated that the composite ECFC porcine islets transplanted into the portal vein of nude mice improved early graft loss and IBMIR in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Seung Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The dramatic results of the Edmonton Protocol in 2000 triggered tremendous excitement over the application of pancreatic islet transplantation as a viable approach to achieving consistent insulin independence in type 1 diabetic patients. However, this optimism in the field was tempered by follow-up studies showing frequent attrition of graft function commonly requiring a return to exogenous insulin therapy within 1-3 years after transplant. The purpose of this review is to put these initial studies in perspective and to highlight progress and challenges in this important field. RECENT FINDINGS Recent clinical and experimental findings demonstrate a progressive improvement in the function and durability of islet allografts. Induction therapies targeting T lymphocytes and costimulatory pathways have been highly effective at promoting islet transplant function. It is also apparent that islet injury associated with metabolic distress provides a nonimmune barrier to islet transplant outcomes. SUMMARY Newer therapeutic interventions show great promise for attenuating the adaptive immune response to islet allografts. Also, clarifying the mechanisms of metabolic-related tissue distress may provide additional potential targets for improving islet graft outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald G Gill
- Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research, and Education, University of Colorado, Denver, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The presence and persistence of alloantigen is necessary for graft-specific T-cell-mediated immunity. However, specificity comprises only a single facet of an extremely complex process. Evidence is accruing to suggest that immunogenicity could be manipulated by endogenous ligands released during tissue injury. Stress molecules are significantly up-regulated following transplantation and stimulate conserved receptors on a range of leucocytes, including dendritic cells (DCs). The DCs are essential for co-stimulation and the induction of adaptive immunity. Stress signals can act as an adjuvant leading to DC maturation and activation. DCs stimulated by endogens exhibit enhanced alloantigen presentation, co-stimulation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. Inflammasomes have a major role in IL-1β/IL-18 production and secretion, and can be stimulated by endogens. Importantly, the polarization toward inflammatory T helper type 17 cells as opposed to regulatory T cells is dependent upon, among other factors, IL-1β. This highlights an important differentiation pathway that may be influenced by endogenous signals. Minimizing graft damage and stress expression should hypothetically be advantageous, and we feel that this area warrants further research, and may provide novel treatment modalities with potential clinical benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William R Critchley
- The Transplant Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Machida T, Tanemura M, Ohmura Y, Tanida T, Wada H, Kobayashi S, Marubashi S, Eguchi H, Ito T, Nagano H, Mori M, Doki Y, Sawa Y. Significant improvement in islet yield and survival with modified ET-Kyoto solution: ET-Kyoto/Neutrophil elastase inhibitor. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:159-73. [PMID: 22472201 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x637028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although islet transplantation can achieve insulin independence in patients with type 1 diabetes, sufficient number of islets derived from two or more donors is usually required to achieve normoglycemia. Activated neutrophils and neutrophil elastase (NE), which is released from these neutrophils, can directly cause injury in islet grafts. We hypothesized that inhibition of NE improves islet isolation and islet allograft survival. We tested our hypothesis by examining the effects of modified ET-Kyoto solution supplemented with sivelestat, a NE inhibitor (S-Kyoto solution), on islet yield and viability in islet isolation and the effect of intraperitoneally injected sivelestat on islet graft survival in a mouse allotransplant model. NE and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 increased markedly at the end of warm digestion during islet isolation and exhibited direct cytotoxic activity against the islets causing their apoptosis. The use of S-Kyoto solution significantly improved islet yield and viability. Furthermore, treatment with sivelestat resulted in significant prolongation of islet allograft survival in recipient mice. Furthermore, serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α at 1 and 2 weeks posttransplantation were significantly higher in islet recipients than before transplantation. Our results indicated that NE released from activated neutrophils negatively affects islet survival and that its suppression both in vitro and in vivo improved islet yield and prolonged islet graft survival. The results suggest that inhibition of NE activity could be potentially useful in islet transplantation for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Machida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Vivot K, Langlois A, Jeandidier N, Bietiger W, Pinget M, Gies J, Sigrist S. Instant Blood-mediated Inflammatory Reaction During Islet Transplantation: The Role of Toll-like Receptors Signaling Pathways. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:3192-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
46
|
Chhabra P, Brayman KL. Current status of immunomodulatory and cellular therapies in preclinical and clinical islet transplantation. J Transplant 2011; 2011:637692. [PMID: 22046502 PMCID: PMC3199196 DOI: 10.1155/2011/637692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical islet transplantation is a β-cell replacement strategy that represents a possible definitive intervention for patients with type 1 diabetes, offering substantial benefits in terms of lowering daily insulin requirements and reducing incidences of debilitating hypoglycemic episodes and unawareness. Despite impressive advances in this field, a limiting supply of islets, inadequate means for preventing islet rejection, and the deleterious diabetogenic and nephrotoxic side effects associated with chronic immunosuppressive therapy preclude its wide-spread applicability. Islet transplantation however allows a window of opportunity for attempting various therapeutic manipulations of islets prior to transplantation aimed at achieving superior transplant outcomes. In this paper, we will focus on the current status of various immunosuppressive and cellular therapies that promote graft function and survival in preclinical and clinical islet transplantation with special emphasis on the tolerance-inducing capacity of regulatory T cells as well as the β-cells regenerative capacity of stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Chhabra
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Brayman
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- The Center for Cellular Transplantation and Therapeutics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jahansouz C, Jahansouz C, Kumer SC, Brayman KL. Evolution of β-Cell Replacement Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus: Islet Cell Transplantation. J Transplant 2011; 2011:247959. [PMID: 22013505 PMCID: PMC3195999 DOI: 10.1155/2011/247959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 23.6 million people in the United States are affected. Of these individuals, 5 to 10% have been diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), an autoimmune disease. Although it often appears in childhood, T1DM may manifest at any age, leading to significant morbidity and decreased quality of life. Since the 1960s, the surgical treatment for diabetes mellitus has evolved to become a viable alternative to insulin administration, beginning with pancreatic transplantation. While islet cell transplantation has emerged as another potential alternative, its role in the treatment of T1DM remains to be solidified as research continues to establish it as a truly viable alternative for achieving insulin independence. In this paper, the historical evolution, procurement, current status, benefits, risks, and ongoing research of islet cell transplantation are explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Jahansouz
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22102, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Schierbeck H, Lundbäck P, Palmblad K, Klevenvall L, Erlandsson-Harris H, Andersson U, Ottosson L. Monoclonal anti-HMGB1 (high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1) antibody protection in two experimental arthritis models. Mol Med 2011; 17:1039-44. [PMID: 21666956 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1) is a DNA-binding nuclear protein that can be released from dying cells and activated myeloid cells. Extracellularly, HMGB1 promotes inflammation. Experimental studies demonstrate HMGB1 to be a pathogenic factor in many inflammatory conditions including arthritis. HMGB1-blocking therapies in arthritis models alleviate disease and confer significant protection against cartilage and bone destruction. So far, the most successful HMGB1-targeted therapies have been demonstrated with HMGB1-specific polyclonal antibodies and with recombinant A box protein, a fragment of HMGB1. The present study is the first to evaluate the potential of a monoclonal anti-HMGB1 antibody (2G7, mouse IgG2b) to ameliorate arthritis. Effects of repeated injections of this antibody have now been studied in two conceptually different models of arthritis: collagen type II-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice and in a spontaneous arthritis disease in mice with combined deficiencies for genes encoding for the enzyme DNase type II and interferon type I receptors. These mice are unable to degrade phagocytozed DNA in macrophages and develop chronic, destructive polyarthritis. Therapeutic intervention in CIA and prophylactic administration of anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in the spontaneous arthritis model significantly ameliorated the clinical courses. Anti-HMGB1 mAb therapy also partially prevented joint destruction, as demonstrated by histological examination. The beneficial antiarthritic effects by the anti-HMGB1 mAb in two diverse models of arthritis represent additional proof-of-concept, indicating that HMGB1 may be a valid target molecule to consider for development of future clinical therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Schierbeck
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ohmori H, Luo Y, Kuniyasu H. Non-histone nuclear factor HMGB1 as a therapeutic target in colorectal cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:183-93. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.546785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
50
|
|