1
|
Aguirre-Ipenza R, Nieto-Gutiérrez W, Contreras W, Contreras PJ, Curioso WH. Iron Deficiency Anemia and Dental Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Glob Pediatr Health 2024; 11:2333794X241273130. [PMID: 39246304 PMCID: PMC11378190 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x241273130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate the evidence regarding the association between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and dental caries in children and adolescents. Methods. Searches were conducted in 4 international databases from the beginning of records until October 2023. Studies evaluating the association between IDA and dental caries in individuals aged 6 months to 18 years were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Quantitative synthesis was performed using the inverse variance or Mantel-Haenzel method, depending on the type of outcome analyzed. Measures of association included odds ratios and mean differences, employing a random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval. Results. A total of 1161 studies were identified, of which 12 were selected for qualitative review and 9 for meta-analysis. A significant association was found between IDA and dental caries (odds ratio of 3.54; 95% CI: 2.54-4.94) and a higher rate of dental caries in the presence of IDA (mean difference of 1.96; 95% CI: 1.07-2.85). The certainty of evidence according to GRADE was rated as very low. Conclusions. Despite the limited certainty, the findings indicate a significant association between IDA and dental caries. It is prudent to interpret these results with caution, considering the methodological limitations of the studies. However, given the potential relevance of this association for public health, recommending oral health strategies, including preventive and corrective dental interventions, for anemia control programs underlines the importance of more rigorous future research to strengthen the certainty of the evidence and guide the implementation of these strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendy Nieto-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación de Síntesis de Evidencia en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú
| | - Winnie Contreras
- Emerge, Emerging Diseases and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Pavel J Contreras
- Centro de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Salud, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Velliyagounder K, Chavan K, Markowitz K. Iron Deficiency Anemia and Its Impact on Oral Health-A Literature Review. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:176. [PMID: 38920877 PMCID: PMC11202564 DOI: 10.3390/dj12060176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral disease interventions primarily focus on behavioral changes like dietary improvements and ensuring better oral hygiene. However, recognizing the influence of biological factors, including genetics and early-life nutrition, is crucial. Iron deficiency (ID) and its advanced form, iron deficiency anemia (IDA), affect nearly two billion people globally, especially children and pregnant women. We conducted a comprehensive search using Medline via EndNote and Web of Science, employing keywords related to iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and we identified 36 studies deemed relevant for inclusion in this literature review. IDA prevalence is notably high among pregnant women and young children. Both IDA and early-childhood caries (ECC) disproportionately affect impoverished populations, highlighting the socioeconomic dimension of this issue. IDA presents with various oral mucosal changes and is closely linked to candidiasis. Additionally, IDA can hinder tooth development and weaken the immune response. Multiple population surveys have revealed a significant association between ECC and IDA. While some studies have explored the IDA-periodontal disease link, the current evidence is relatively limited in its robustness. In conclusion, more comprehensive longitudinal studies are essential to deepen our understanding of the IDA-oral disease connection. Investigating the underlying biological mechanisms is critical to developing effective interventions, particularly for vulnerable populations affected by IDA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kabilan Velliyagounder
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, 110 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 07103, USA; (K.C.); (K.M.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Long M, Li Y, He H, Gu N. The Story of Ferumoxytol: Synthesis Production, Current Clinical Applications, and Therapeutic Potential. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302773. [PMID: 37931150 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Ferumoxytol, approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2009, is one of the intravenous iron oxide nanoparticles authorized for the treatment of iron deficiency in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. With its exceptional magnetic properties, catalytic activity, and immune activity, as well as good biocompatibility and safety, ferumoxytol has gained significant recognition in various biomedical diagnoses and treatments. Unlike most existing reviews on this topic, this review primarily focuses on the recent clinical and preclinical advances of ferumoxytol in disease treatment, spanning anemia, cancer, infectious inflammatory diseases, regenerative medicine application, magnetic stimulation for neural modulation, etc. Additionally, the newly discovered mechanisms associated with the biological effects of ferumoxytol are discussed, including its magnetic, catalytic, and immunomodulatory properties. Finally, the summary and future prospects concerning the treatment and application of ferumoxytol-based nanotherapeutics are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Long
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Ning Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alqahtani AA, Alhalabi F, Alam MK. Salivary elemental signature of dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of ionomics studies. Odontology 2024; 112:27-50. [PMID: 37526792 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Trace- and macro-chemical elements are crucial for cellular physiological functioning, and their alterations in biological fluids might be associated with an underlying pathological state. Hence, this study aimed to examine and summarize the published literature concerning the application of salivary ionomics for caries diagnosis. An extensive search of studies was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus, without any language and year restriction for answering the following PECO question: "In subjects (i.e., children, adolescents, or adults) with good systematic health, are there any variations in the salivary concentrations of trace- or macro-elements between caries-free (CF) individuals and caries-active (CA) subjects?" A modified version of the QUADOMICS tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The Review Manager Version 5.4.1. was used for data analyses. The analysis of salivary chemical elements that significantly differed between CF and CA subjects was also performed. Thirty-four studies were included, involving 2299 CA and 1669 CF subjects, having an age range from 3 to 64 years in over 16 countries. The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the salivary levels of calcium, phosphorus, chloride, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and zinc between CA and CF subjects, suggesting higher levels of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium in CF subjects while higher levels of chloride, magnesium, and zinc in CA patients. Half of the included studies (17/34) were considered high quality, while the remaining half were considered medium quality. Only zinc and chloride ions were found to be higher significantly and consistent in CF and CA subjects, respectively. Conflicting outcomes were observed for all other salivary chemical elements including aluminum, bromine, calcium, copper, fluoride, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphorus, lead, selenium, and sulfate ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Feras Alhalabi
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kale G, Nelakurthi VM, Paul P. Exploring the Impact of Blood Disorders on Dental Caries. Cureus 2023; 15:e47159. [PMID: 38021750 PMCID: PMC10651806 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood comprises various cellular elements and serves as our immune system's second line of defense. Deviations from its normal composition can have adverse effects on health. At the same time, the oral mucosa in the oral cavity functions as the body's first line of defense, and any anomalies or diseases within it can give rise to both systemic and oral complications. If left untreated, caries can lead to severe tooth damage or extraction, potentially affecting an individual's nutrition and overall health. This review article focuses on the importance of understanding the intricate relationship between blood disorders and oral health. It underscores the profound impact of oral manifestations of blood disorders such as β-thalassemia, sickle cell disease, iron deficiency anemia, leukemia, hemophilia, Plummer-Vinson syndrome, erythroblastosis fetalis, Fanconi anemia, cyclic neutropenia, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia on the overall well-being of an individual.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Kale
- Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Vidya Maheswari Nelakurthi
- Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Priyanka Paul
- Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang Y, Liu Y, Pandey NK, Shah S, Simon-Soro A, Hsu JC, Ren Z, Xiang Z, Kim D, Ito T, Oh MJ, Buckley C, Alawi F, Li Y, Smeets PJM, Boyer S, Zhao X, Joester D, Zero DT, Cormode DP, Koo H. Iron oxide nanozymes stabilize stannous fluoride for targeted biofilm killing and synergistic oral disease prevention. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6087. [PMID: 37773239 PMCID: PMC10541875 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is the most common human disease caused by oral biofilms despite the widespread use of fluoride as the primary anticaries agent. Recently, an FDA-approved iron oxide nanoparticle (ferumoxytol, Fer) has shown to kill and degrade caries-causing biofilms through catalytic activation of hydrogen peroxide. However, Fer cannot interfere with enamel acid demineralization. Here, we show notable synergy when Fer is combined with stannous fluoride (SnF2), markedly inhibiting both biofilm accumulation and enamel damage more effectively than either alone. Unexpectedly, we discover that the stability of SnF2 is enhanced when mixed with Fer in aqueous solutions while increasing catalytic activity of Fer without any additives. Notably, Fer in combination with SnF2 is exceptionally effective in controlling dental caries in vivo, even at four times lower concentrations, without adverse effects on host tissues or oral microbiome. Our results reveal a potent therapeutic synergism using approved agents while providing facile SnF2 stabilization, to prevent a widespread oral disease with reduced fluoride exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nil Kanatha Pandey
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shrey Shah
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aurea Simon-Soro
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Stomatology, Dental School, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Jessica C Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhi Ren
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhenting Xiang
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dongyeop Kim
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tatsuro Ito
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Min Jun Oh
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christine Buckley
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health and Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Faizan Alawi
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul J M Smeets
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Boyer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Derk Joester
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Domenick T Zero
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health and Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David P Cormode
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang Y, Liu Y, Pandey N, Shah S, Simon-Soro A, Hsu J, Ren Z, Xiang Z, Kim D, Ito T, Oh MJ, Buckley C, Alawi F, Li Y, Smeets P, Boyer S, Zhao X, Joester D, Zero D, Cormode D, Koo H. Iron oxide nanozymes stabilize stannous fluoride for targeted biofilm killing and synergistic oral disease prevention. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2723097. [PMID: 37066293 PMCID: PMC10104273 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2723097/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries (tooth decay) is the most prevalent human disease caused by oral biofilms, affecting nearly half of the global population despite increased use of fluoride, the mainstay anticaries (tooth-enamel protective) agent. Recently, an FDA-approved iron oxide nanozyme formulation (ferumoxytol, Fer) has been shown to disrupt caries-causing biofilms with high specificity via catalytic activation of hydrogen peroxide, but it is incapable of interfering with enamel acid demineralization. Here, we find notable synergy when Fer is combined with stannous fluoride (SnF 2 ), markedly inhibiting both biofilm accumulation and enamel damage more effectively than either alone. Unexpectedly, our data show that SnF 2 enhances the catalytic activity of Fer, significantly increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and antibiofilm activity. We discover that the stability of SnF 2 (unstable in water) is markedly enhanced when mixed with Fer in aqueous solutions without any additives. Further analyses reveal that Sn 2+ is bound by carboxylate groups in the carboxymethyl-dextran coating of Fer, thus stabilizing SnF 2 and boosting the catalytic activity. Notably, Fer in combination with SnF 2 is exceptionally effective in controlling dental caries in vivo , preventing enamel demineralization and cavitation altogether without adverse effects on the host tissues or causing changes in the oral microbiome diversity. The efficacy of SnF 2 is also enhanced when combined with Fer, showing comparable therapeutic effects at four times lower fluoride concentration. Enamel ultrastructure examination shows that fluoride, iron, and tin are detected in the outer layers of the enamel forming a polyion-rich film, indicating co-delivery onto the tooth surface. Overall, our results reveal a unique therapeutic synergism using approved agents that target complementary biological and physicochemical traits, while providing facile SnF 2 stabilization, to prevent a widespread oral disease more effectively with reduced fluoride exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tatsuro Ito
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Faizan Alawi
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Domenick Zero
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Is there an association between early childhood caries and iron deficiency anaemia? Evid Based Dent 2022; 23:146-147. [PMID: 36526838 DOI: 10.1038/s41432-022-0836-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical question To determine the association between early childhood caries (ECC) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA).Data sources A systematic search was carried out in seven databases by two independent reviewers. Also, manual searching and grey literature screening were carried out.Study selection Cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies that evaluated the association between ECC and IDA were included. Only publications in the English language were considered for study eligibility.Data extraction and synthesis The characteristics of the included studies - age, sex, sample size, diagnostic methods used, index used for ECC, blood parameters, odds ration/risk ratio, confidence interval, p value, outcomes and assessment of any confounders - were extracted from the included papers. The quality assessment for case-control and cohort studies was performed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa assessment scale, while the modified Newcastle-Ottawa assessment scale was used for the cross-sectional studies.Results A total of 14 publications were included for qualitative review and seven of them were included in the meta-analysis. Children affected by ECC had an increased likelihood of IDA when compared to those not affected by ECC. However, the meta-analysis showed no statistical difference in blood parameters (haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume and serum ferritin) in children with and without ECC.Conclusions There is an association between ECC and increased odds of IDA; however, there is a lack of scientific evidence to determine a cause and effect relation or direction of association between ECC and IDA.
Collapse
|
9
|
Caries Experience and Increment in Children Attending Kindergartens with an Early Childhood Caries Preventive Program Compared to Basic Prophylaxis Measures-A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102864. [PMID: 35628990 PMCID: PMC9146011 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries constitutes a public health challenge. As preventive strategies are desirable, this retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the caries experience and increment in children attending kindergartens with an early childhood caries (ECC) preventive program (intervention group, IG) compared to basic prophylaxis measures (control group, CG) located in areas of different socioeconomic status (SES) within Marburg (Germany). The long-term caries experience (2009−2019) of these 3−5-year-old kindergarten children was evaluated. For the caries increment, dental records of 2019 were screened for the availability of a minimum of two dental examinations at least 8 months apart. Caries was scored according to the WHO criteria (dmf−t). The data were split by observation period (300−550 and >550 days). Overall, 135 children (Ø 3.7 years) attended IG, and 132 children (Ø 3.6 years) attended CG. After 300−550 days, no significant differences were found between both groups regarding mean caries increment and experience (p > 0.05). After >550 days, IG with low SES exhibited a high caries experience. Fluoride varnish applications could not reduce the caries increment compared to CG in the short-term but slightly decreased the long-term caries experience. Comprehensive ECC prevention measures actively involving parents are needed to overcome the caries burden.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ji S, Guan X, Ma L, Huang P, Lin H, Han R. Iron deficiency anemia associated factors and early childhood caries in Qingdao. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:104. [PMID: 35361164 PMCID: PMC8973523 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02127-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has been shown to be related to early childhood caries (ECC). However, data on the relationship, if any, between IDA-associated factors and ECC remain scant. This study aimed to explore the interplay between IDA-associated factors and ECC.
Methods This study randomly sampled a total of 1598 children in Qingdao city, and analyzed the severity of ECC using decayed-missing-filled teeth index, while the rate of caries was analyzed following the WHO recommendations. The correlation between IDA and ECC was analyzed by both the chi-square test and Mann–Whitney U test. In addition, we designed an electronic questionnaire and employed the disordered multi-classification logistic regression to interrogate the relationship between the IDA-associated factors and ECC. Results Children with IDA had higher rates and severe ECC than those without IDA (p < 0.001). Children who were breastfed until 2 years old had a higher risk of IDA and ECC, compared to those who were not {OR 3.453 (1.681–7.094)}. Compared with children who had no history of IDA at the age of 2 years or below, those with IDA history had a higher risk of IDA and ECC {OR 8.762 (3.648–21.041)}. In addition, children who had a maternal history of IDA at pregnancy were at a higher risk of IDA and ECC compared to those who had no IDA history at pregnancy {OR 4.913 (2.934–8.226)}. Our data showed that children from a family with an annual income lower than 50,000 Renminbi (RMB) had a higher risk of IDA and ECC compared to those with an annual family income higher than 200,000 RMB {OR 3.421 (1.505–7.775)}. On the other hand, compared with children taking iron supplements, children who did not were at a higher risk of ECC and IDA {OR 5.602 (1.858–16.896)}. Conclusion Factors such as low family income, history of IDA in children aged 2 years or younger, IDA history during pregnancy, children breastfed until 2 years old, and those not taking iron supplements were significantly associated with the occurrence of ECC and IDA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02127-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqi Ji
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Wutaishan Road & 1677, Qingdao City, 266003, Shandong, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaohang Guan
- Hexi Clinic of Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tian Jin, 300000, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Wutaishan Road & 1677, Qingdao City, 266003, Shandong, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Pingping Huang
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Wutaishan Road & 1677, Qingdao City, 266003, Shandong, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Wutaishan Road & 1677, Qingdao City, 266003, Shandong, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Wutaishan Road & 1677, Qingdao City, 266003, Shandong, China. .,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Deshpande AN, Sudani U, Wadhwa M, Joshi N, Patel KS, Jain A. Association of Anthropometric Measurements, Hemoglobin Level and Salivary Parameters among Caries-free and S-ECC Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:S164-S171. [PMID: 35645533 PMCID: PMC9108849 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Context The implication of severe dental caries in children may have its effect on general health apart from affecting the orodental tissues. Many children reporting with severe caries have shown weighing less due to malnourishment resulting in anemia and modified somatic growth. Aims Study aimed to assess and compare anthropometric measurements, hemoglobin level, and salivary parameters among caries-free and severe early childhood caries (E-CCC) children. Settings and design For caries-free group [Group I] and S-ECC group [Group II] data were obtained from age-matched children with similar socioeconomic status. Materials and methods Children with severe caries and without caries from the age-group 3- 6 years participated in the study. Children were measured for height, weight, measurement of mid-upper arm circumference, and waist circumference. Hemoglobin level was recorded. The collected unstimulated saliva was assessed for flow rate, salivary pH, and its buffering capacity. Statistical analysis used Both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were carried out using Windows software and SPSS (21). Tests of significance namely t-test and Chi-square test were used along with regression analysis. Results Caries experience showed no statistical difference for age and gender among the sample population. Significant difference was found for all anthropometric measurements. When comparison for hemoglobin was done for both groups I and II, significant difference was observed [p = 0.003]. Conclusion Children with severe dental caries in the present study had low hemoglobin which, if persisted, can lead to anemia. Though the anthropometric parameters may appear normal in children diagnosed with severe early childhood caries, pediatric dentist should ensure the hemoglobin level test, as iron deficiency can affect growth and development of the child, if left undiagnosed. How to cite this article Deshpande AN, Sudani U, Wadhwa M, et al. Association of Anthropometric Measurements, Hemoglobin Level and Salivary Parameters among Caries-free and S-ECC Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(S-2):S164-S171.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anshula N Deshpande
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- Anshula N Deshpande, Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Vadodara, Gujarat, India, Phone: +91 7600916400, e-mail:
| | - Urvashi Sudani
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Medha Wadhwa
- Department of Management, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Neelam Joshi
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Kinjal S Patel
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Aishwarya Jain
- Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Y, Huang Y, Kim D, Ren Z, Oh MJ, Cormode DP, Hara AT, Zero DT, Koo H. Ferumoxytol Nanoparticles Target Biofilms Causing Tooth Decay in the Human Mouth. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9442-9449. [PMID: 34694125 PMCID: PMC9308480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Severe tooth decay has been associated with iron deficiency anemia that disproportionally burdens susceptible populations. Current modalities are insufficient in severe cases where pathogenic dental biofilms rapidly accumulate, requiring new antibiofilm approaches. Here, we show that ferumoxytol, a Food and Drug Administration-approved nanoparticle formulation for treating iron deficiency, exerts an alternative therapeutic activity via the catalytic activation of hydrogen peroxide, which targets bacterial pathogens in biofilms and suppresses tooth enamel decay in an intraoral human disease model. Data reveal the potent antimicrobial specificity of ferumoxytol iron oxide nanoparticles (FerIONP) against biofilms harboring Streptococcus mutans via preferential binding that promotes bacterial killing through in situ free-radical generation. Further analysis indicates that the targeting mechanism involves interactions of FerIONP with pathogen-specific glucan-binding proteins, which have a minimal effect on commensal streptococci. In addition, we demonstrate that FerIONP can detect pathogenic biofilms on natural teeth via a facile colorimetric reaction. Our findings provide clinical evidence and the theranostic potential of catalytic nanoparticles as a targeted anti-infective nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Preventive & Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Biofilm Research Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yue Huang
- Biofilm Research Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Dongyeop Kim
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54869, Korea
| | - Zhi Ren
- Biofilm Research Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Min Jun Oh
- Biofilm Research Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David P Cormode
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Anderson T Hara
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Domenick T Zero
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jha A, Jha S, Shree R, Kumar A, Menka K, Shrikaar M. Association between Serum Ferritin, Hemoglobin, Vitamin D3, Serum Albumin, Calcium, Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone with Early Childhood Caries: A Case–Control Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021; 14:648-651. [PMID: 34934277 PMCID: PMC8645612 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and objective This study aimed to contrast and compare serum ferritin, hemoglobin, Vitamin D3, Ca++, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and serum albumin levels between preschoolers with severe caries (SC) and measures taken for caries control. Materials and methods A sample size of 300 children was selected but only 266 participated; 54.14% with SC and 45.86% caries-free. Blood samples for serum ferritin, hemoglobin, Vitamin D3, Ca++, TRH, and serum albumin levels were taken. Results The mean age was estimated to be 40.82 + 14.09 months. The serum ferritin level estimated mean value for sample pedodontic subjects came to be 29.58 ± 17.87 μg/L whereas their hemoglobin level with mean value 115.13 ± 10.12 g/L was measured. Logistic regression analysis (LRA) suggested that children with SC were nearly two times as likely to have ferritin level depreciation and likely six times more chance of FeDA (iron deficiency anemia) than in children with caries control. Children with SC had significantly lower mean Vitamin D3 value (p < 0.001), Ca++ (p < 0.001), and serum albumin (p < 0.001) levels, and significantly higher thyrotropin-releasing factor (p < 0.001) levels than those subjects without caries. Conclusion Analysis of children with SC at a very young age significantly showed an increased chance of low ferritin levels than children with a caries-free mouth. The level of hemoglobin was deficient in children with SC at a very young age. Children with SC at a very young age appeared to be malnourished when compared with children without dental caries. Other contrasting parameters like FeDA, Vitamin D3, Ca++, and serum albumin concentrations were significantly deficient in children with SC at a very young age, in contrast, to a sample of children with a caries-free mouth. The analysis also suggested an increased level of TRH. Clinical significance The following research study sets a benchmark for the dental fraternity and other health specialists to analyze serum ferritin, hemoglobin, Vitamin D3, Ca++, TRH, and serum albumin levels while generally treating pediatric patients. Accordingly, supplements should be prescribed rationally even in dental caries. How to cite this article Jha A, Jha S, Shree R, et al. Association between Serum Ferritin, Hemoglobin, Vitamin D3, Serum Albumin, Calcium, Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone with Early Childhood Caries: A Case–Control Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(5):648–651.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Jha
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Patna Dental College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
- Anju Jha, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Patna Dental College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India, Phone: +91 7004230311, e-mail:
| | - Sovendu Jha
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Richa Shree
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Kumari Menka
- Consultant, Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Manisha Shrikaar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sharifi R, Tabarzadi MF, Choubsaz P, Sadeghi M, Tadakamadla J, Brand S, Sadeghi-Bahmani D. Evaluation of Serum and Salivary Iron and Ferritin Levels in Children with Dental Caries: A Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis. CHILDREN 2021; 8:children8111034. [PMID: 34828748 PMCID: PMC8625931 DOI: 10.3390/children8111034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective: Dental caries appears to be related to iron deficiency anemia and to low ferritin levels. In the present meta-analysis, we report salivary and serum iron and ferritin levels in children with dental caries, compared to healthy controls. Materials and methods: We searched in Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and PubMed/Medline databases to extract studies published until 25 July 2021. We calculated mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of salivary and serum iron and ferritin levels in children with dental caries, always compared to healthy controls. In addition, we applied a trial sequential analysis (TSA). Results: A total of twelve articles covering thirteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled MD for salivary iron level was −5.76 µg/dL (p = 0.57), and −27.70 µg/dL (p < 0.00001) for serum iron level: compared to healthy controls, children with dental caries did not show different salivary iron levels, while children with caries had significantly lower serum iron levels. The pooled MD of salivary ferritin level was 34.84 µg/dL (p = 0.28), and the pooled MD of serum ferritin level was −8.95 µg/L (p = 0.04): compared to healthy controls, children with dental caries did not have different salivary iron levels, but significantly lower serum ferritin levels. Conclusions: The findings of the present meta-analysis showed that salivary levels of iron and ferritin did not differ between children with and without caries, though compared to healthy controls, children with caries had significantly lower salivary and serum iron and ferritin levels. The results are of practical and clinical importance: Possibly, iron and ferritin supplementation might prevent or attenuate dental caries in children at risk. Further, children with caries might suffer from further iron- and ferritin-related health issues. Lastly, serum blood samples, but not saliva samples inform accurately about the current iron and ferritin concentrations in children with or without caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roohollah Sharifi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6713954658, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Farid Tabarzadi
- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran;
| | - Parsia Choubsaz
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1983963113, Iran;
| | - Masoud Sadeghi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran;
| | - Jyothi Tadakamadla
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4222, Australia;
| | - Serge Brand
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851115, Iran;
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
- Correspondence:
| | - Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851115, Iran;
- Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Easwaran HN, Annadurai A, Muthu MS, Sharma A, Patil SS, Jayakumar P, Jagadeesan A, Nagarajan U, Pasupathy U, Wadgave U. Early Childhood Caries and Iron Deficiency Anaemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Caries Res 2021; 56:36-46. [PMID: 34749377 DOI: 10.1159/000520442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of the association between Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) will aid paediatricians and paediatric dentists to enhance health promotion measures to reduce the related morbidity in children. This systematic review aims to determine an evidence-based association between ECC and IDA. A systematic search was carried out from MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, Cochrane Oral Health Group's Specialized Register, CINAHL via EBSCO, Web of Science, and Scopus up to May 2020. Hand searching and grey literature screening were also conducted. Cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies in English language which assessed the association was included. Two reviewers independently assessed the study quality and extracted the outcome data. A total of 1,434 studies were identified. Fourteen studies qualified for qualitative review and 7 of them for a meta-analysis. In comparison with children not affected by ECC, those affected had an increased likelihood of IDA (OR = 6.07 [3.61, 10.21]). The meta-analysis showed no statistical difference when comparing blood parameters (Hb, MCV, and serum ferritin) in children with and without ECC. This systematic review demonstrates an association between ECC and increased odds of IDA rather than it being the cause for IDA. Further longitudinal studies with robust methodology are required to determine an evidence-based association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harshini Nivetha Easwaran
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Anitha Annadurai
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - M S Muthu
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.,Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aruna Sharma
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Sneha S Patil
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Priya Jayakumar
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Aarthi Jagadeesan
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sree Balaji Dental College, Chennai, India
| | - Uma Nagarajan
- Paediatric Dentist, Pedo Planet Children's Dental Center, New Delhi, India
| | - Umapthy Pasupathy
- Department of Paediatrics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Umesh Wadgave
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, ESIC Dental College, Gulbarga, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ji SQ, Han R, Huang PP, Wang SY, Lin H, Ma L. Iron deficiency and early childhood caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:2832-2837. [PMID: 34704699 PMCID: PMC8667991 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Previous surveys have found that children with iron deficiency (ID) were likely to suffer from early childhood caries (ECC). We aimed to assess the scientific evidence about whether ID is intrinsically related to ECC. METHODS The medical subject headings (MeSH) terms and free words were searched on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and the Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals from March 2020 to September 2020. Two researchers independently screened the articles. Data extraction and cross-checking were performed for the studies that met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration's Review Manager 5.3 software. RESULTS After excluding duplication and irrelevant literature, 12 case-control studies were included in the study. The meta-analysis demonstrated that children with ECC were more likely to have ID (odds ratio [OR] = 2.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.85, 3.73], P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant association found between the level of serum ferritin and ECC (weighted mean difference (WMD) = -5.80, 95% CI: [-11.97, 0.37], P = 0.07). Children with ECC were more likely to have iron-deficiency anemia (OR = 2.74, 95% CI: [2.41,3.11], P < 0.001). The hemoglobin (HGB) levels in the ECC group were significantly lower compared with that in the ECC-free group (WMD = -9.96, 95% CI: [-15.45, -4.46], P = 0.0004). The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) levels in the ECC group were significantly lower compared with that in the ECC-free group (WMD = -3.72, 95% CI: [-6.65, -0.79], P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS ID was more prevalent in children with ECC, and the markers of iron status in the ECC group, such as serum ferritin, HGB, and MCV, were relatively lower than the ECC-free group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Qi Ji
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Rui Han
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Ping-Ping Huang
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Shuang-Yi Wang
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Hao Lin
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Lei Ma
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Faheem S, Maqsood S, Hasan A, Imtiaz F, Shaikh F, Farooqui WA. Associations of early childhood caries with salivary beta defensin-3 and childhood anemia: a case-control study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:445. [PMID: 34521396 PMCID: PMC8442316 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human beta defensin-3 (HβD-3) is an antimicrobial peptide present in saliva that protects tooth surfaces from microbial attack. These peptides are part of innate immunity so levels may be affected by different systemic diseases like anemia. Therefore, anemia may predispose an affected child to an increased risk of dental caries. The objectives of this study were to determine the association of early childhood caries (ECC) with HβD-3 levels and observe the association of HβD-3 levels with childhood anemia. Methods A total of 80 children admitted in a pediatric medical ward, age 48–71 months, of either sex were included in the study. The included children were categorized as cases (children with ECC n = 40) and controls (children without ECC n = 40). Children were further segregated into the anemic and non-anemic sub-groups based on the hospital record of hemoglobin level. The salivary concentration of HβD-3 was measured by Enzyme-Linked Immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). IBM SPSS version 20 software was used for statistical analysis. Two sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare mean values while spearman was used for correlations at p < 0.05. Results The mean Salivary HβD-3 level in cases (8.87 ± 4.30) was significantly higher (p = 0.042) as compared to controls (7.23 ± 2.57). Salivary HβD-3 level in patients with caries and without anemia was highest (10.80 ± 4.50) whereas salivary HβD-3 level in the presence of caries and anemia was lowest (6.94 ± 3.13) amongst all groups. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Salivary HβD-3 level was found to be moderately correlated with cases (p = 0.002). An inverse correlation was found between salivary HβD-3 level and anemia (r = -0.479, p = 0.002). Conclusion Anemia may affect the innate immunity of children, and may result in a decreased level of salivary HβD3, thus increasing vulnerability to decay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Faheem
- Department of Oral Biology, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Shahida Maqsood
- Department of Oral Biology, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Hasan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Imtiaz
- Department of Biochemistry Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Shaikh
- London Dental Clinics & Dental Implants, 41-C Badar Commercial Street 10, Phase 5, Badar Commercial DHA, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmed Farooqui
- Department of Research, School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mohamed WE, Abou El Fadl RK, Thabet RA, Helmi M, Kamal SH. Iron deficiency anaemia and early childhood caries: a cross-sectional study. Aust Dent J 2021; 66 Suppl 1:S27-S36. [PMID: 33840096 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the association between iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and dental caries in early childhood. METHODS A total of 40 children with proven IDA and another 40 healthy age and sex-matched children were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Legal guardians were interviewed to collect data on oral hygiene measures and dietary habits. Anthropometric measurements were performed for all participants, and blood samples were collected to assess complete blood count and body iron status. Patients were confirmed to have IDA based on haemoglobin level (Hb), red blood cells indices and body iron status. Caries experience was determined based on the number of decayed, missing and filled primary teeth using dmft index. RESULTS A statistically significant negative correlation between dmft index scores and haemoglobin level (r = -0.454, P < 0.001) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) level (r = -0.380, P = 0.001) was detected, and in accordance there was a positive statistically significant correlation between caries experience and the presence of anaemia (r = -0.60, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In early childhood, dental caries might coexist with IDA even in its mildest form. All children exhibiting severe early childhood caries should be investigated for IDA and anaemia should be managed if present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W E Mohamed
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - R K Abou El Fadl
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,MPH, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R A Thabet
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Helmi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S H Kamal
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Egyptian Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Almoudi MM, Hussein AS, Abu Hassan MI, Schroth RJ. Dental caries and vitamin D status in children in Asia. Pediatr Int 2019; 61:327-338. [PMID: 30740822 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries and vitamin D inadequacy are known to affect children worldwide. Vitamin D has a vital role in tooth formation. There is growing evidence linking suboptimal serum vitamin D level with dental caries in children. This paper reviews the literature on both the prevalence of dental caries and of vitamin D deficiency in children in four Asian regions, discusses their associated risk factors, and reviews the global evidence on the association between dental caries and vitamin D in children. Caries prevalence in children ranged from 40% to 97% in Eastern Asia, 38-73.7% in Southern Asia, and 26.5-74.7% in Western Asian countries. Moreover, a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Asian children was identified, even in countries in equatorial regions, ranging from 2.8% to 65.3% in Eastern Asia, 5-66.7% in Southern Asia, 4-45.5% in Western Asia and 38.1-78.7% in Central Asian countries. Obesity, age, female gender, higher latitude, season, darker skin pigmentation, sunlight protection behaviors, less sunlight exposure and low intake of food containing vitamin D were important factors associated with lower serum vitamin D in Asia. Suboptimal vitamin D level in children may be a significant risk factor for dental caries, and requires further research to ascertain such an association in children in Asia, as well as to understand its exact influence on caries risk and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manal Mohamed Almoudi
- Centre of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alaa Sabah Hussein
- Centre of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim Abu Hassan
- Centre of Restorative Dentistry Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Robert J Schroth
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gurunathan D, Swathi A, Kumar MS. Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children with Severe Early Childhood Caries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.13005/bpj/1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries is an international public health challenge, especially amongst young children. Early childhood caries (ECC) is a serious public health problem in both developing and industrialised countries. ECC can begin early in life, progresses rapidly in those who are at high risk, and often goes untreated. Its consequences can affect the immediate and long-term quality of life of the child's family and can have significant social and economic consequences beyond the immediate family as well. ECC can be a particularly virulent form of caries, beginning soon after dental eruption, developing on smooth surfaces, progressing rapidly, and having a lasting detrimental impact on the dentition. Children experiencing caries as infants or toddlers have a much greater probability of subsequent caries in both the primary and permanent dentitions. Iron deficiency being the most common nutritional deficiency in childhood is often seen associated with severe caries destruction. Lack of iron is one of the most common dietary deficiency observed worldwide particularly in developing countries. In some instances this deficiency is alleviated by supplementary foods with added iron salts. In many countries where the iron deficiency is apparent, the prevalence of dental caries is high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Gurunathan
- Department of Pedodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077-India
| | - A. Swathi
- Student, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077-India
| | - M. Senthil Kumar
- Department of Pedodontics, RVS Dental College and Hospitals, Kannampalayam, Sulur, 641402-Coimbatore
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu Y, Naha PC, Hwang G, Kim D, Huang Y, Simon-Soro A, Jung HI, Ren Z, Li Y, Gubara S, Alawi F, Zero D, Hara AT, Cormode DP, Koo H. Topical ferumoxytol nanoparticles disrupt biofilms and prevent tooth decay in vivo via intrinsic catalytic activity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2920. [PMID: 30065293 PMCID: PMC6068184 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferumoxytol is a nanoparticle formulation approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for systemic use to treat iron deficiency. Here, we show that, in addition, ferumoxytol disrupts intractable oral biofilms and prevents tooth decay (dental caries) via intrinsic peroxidase-like activity. Ferumoxytol binds within the biofilm ultrastructure and generates free radicals from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), causing in situ bacterial death via cell membrane disruption and extracellular polymeric substances matrix degradation. In combination with low concentrations of H2O2, ferumoxytol inhibits biofilm accumulation on natural teeth in a human-derived ex vivo biofilm model, and prevents acid damage of the mineralized tissue. Topical oral treatment with ferumoxytol and H2O2 suppresses the development of dental caries in vivo, preventing the onset of severe tooth decay (cavities) in a rodent model of the disease. Microbiome and histological analyses show no adverse effects on oral microbiota diversity, and gingival and mucosal tissues. Our results reveal a new biomedical application for ferumoxytol as topical treatment of a prevalent and costly biofilm-induced oral disease. Ferumoxytol is a nanoparticle formulation approved for systemic use to treat iron deficiency. Liu et al. show that topical use of ferumoxytol, in combination with low concentrations of H2O2, disrupts intractable oral biofilms and prevents tooth decay in vitro and in an animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Pratap C Naha
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Geelsu Hwang
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dongyeop Kim
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yue Huang
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aurea Simon-Soro
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hoi-In Jung
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zhi Ren
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sarah Gubara
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Faizan Alawi
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Domenick Zero
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Anderson T Hara
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - David P Cormode
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Winter J, Bartsch B, Schütz C, Jablonski-Momeni A, Pieper K. Implementation and evaluation of an interdisciplinary preventive program to prevent early childhood caries. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:187-197. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
23
|
Costa EM, Azevedo JAP, Martins RFM, Alves CMC, Ribeiro CCC, Thomaz EBAF. Anemia and Dental Caries in Pregnant Women: a Prospective Cohort Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 177:241-250. [PMID: 27866358 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0898-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effect of anemia during pregnancy on the risk of dental caries development in pregnant women. A prospective cohort including a sample of pregnant women in a prenatal care unit of São Luís, Brazil, was done. The incidence of dental caries during pregnancy, according to Nyvad's criteria, was the outcome. The main independent variables were serum iron, ferritin, hemoglobin, erythrocyte, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red cell distribution width (RDW). Pregnant women (n = 121) were evaluated at two moments: up to 16th week of gestational age (T1) and in the last trimester of pregnancy (T2). Crude and adjusted associations were estimated by the incidence ratio risk (IRR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). After adjustment, higher serum concentrations of ferritin (IRR = 0.97, 95%CI 0.95-0.99) in T1, and Fe (IRR = 0.99, 95%CI 0.98-0.99), ferritin (IRR = 0.99, 95%CI 0.98-0.99), erythrocyte (IRR = 0.71, 95%CI 0.50-0.99), hemoglobin (IRR = 0.84, 95%CI 0.73-0.96), hematocrit (IRR = 0.93, 95%CI 0.88-0.98), MCV (IRR = 0.91, 95%CI 0.86-0.96), and MCH (IRR = 0.83, 95%CI 0.74-0.93) in T2, were associated with fewer incidence of dental caries in pregnant women. Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy is a risk factor for the incidence of dental caries in these women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Miranda Costa
- Department of Public Health, Federal University of Maranhão, Rua Barão de Itapary, 155, Centro, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Juliana A P Azevedo
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Rafiza F M Martins
- Department of Public Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Cláudia M C Alves
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Cecília C C Ribeiro
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Erika B A F Thomaz
- Department of Public Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gao L, Liu Y, Kim D, Li Y, Hwang G, Naha PC, Cormode DP, Koo H. Nanocatalysts promote Streptococcus mutans biofilm matrix degradation and enhance bacterial killing to suppress dental caries in vivo. Biomaterials 2016; 101:272-84. [PMID: 27294544 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dental biofilms (known as plaque) are notoriously difficult to remove or treat because the bacteria can be enmeshed in a protective extracellular matrix. It can also create highly acidic microenvironments that cause acid-dissolution of enamel-apatite on teeth, leading to the onset of dental caries. Current antimicrobial agents are incapable of disrupting the matrix and thereby fail to efficiently kill the microbes within plaque-biofilms. Here, we report a novel strategy to control plaque-biofilms using catalytic nanoparticles (CAT-NP) with peroxidase-like activity that trigger extracellular matrix degradation and cause bacterial death within acidic niches of caries-causing biofilm. CAT-NP containing biocompatible Fe3O4 were developed to catalyze H2O2 to generate free-radicals in situ that simultaneously degrade the biofilm matrix and rapidly kill the embedded bacteria with exceptional efficacy (>5-log reduction of cell-viability). Moreover, it displays an additional property of reducing apatite demineralization in acidic conditions. Using 1-min topical daily treatments akin to a clinical situation, we demonstrate that CAT-NP in combination with H2O2 effectively suppress the onset and severity of dental caries while sparing normal tissues in vivo. Our results reveal the potential to exploit nanocatalysts with enzyme-like activity as a potent alternative approach for treatment of a prevalent biofilm-associated oral disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizeng Gao
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dongyeop Kim
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Geelsu Hwang
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pratap C Naha
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David P Cormode
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abdallah MA, Abed HH, Hamza G, Alsahafi EN. The association between dmft index and haemoglobin levels in 3–6 year-old Saudi children with anaemia: A cross sectional study. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
|
26
|
Schroth RJ, Levi JA, Sellers EA, Friel J, Kliewer E, Moffatt MEK. Vitamin D status of children with severe early childhood caries: a case-control study. BMC Pediatr 2013; 13:174. [PMID: 24160554 PMCID: PMC4231606 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-13-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) affects the health and well-being of young children. There is limited research in this area, though evidence suggests that children with S-ECC are at an increased risk of malnutrition. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and S-ECC. METHODS This case-control study was conducted from 2009 to 2011 in the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. 144 preschool children with S-ECC were recruited from a local health centre on the day of their slated dental surgery under general anesthetic. 122 caries-free controls were recruited from the community. Children underwent a blood draw for vitamin D (25(OH)D), calcium, parathyroid hormone, and albumin levels. Parents completed an interviewed questionnaire assessing the child's nutritional habits, oral health, and family demographics. Analyses included descriptive and bivariate statistics as well as multiple and logistic regression. A p value ≤ 0.05 was significant. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 40.8 ± 14.1 months. Children with S-ECC had significantly lower mean 25(OH)D (68.9 ± 28.0 nmol/L vs. 82.9 ± 31.1, p < 0.001), calcium (p < 0.001), and albumin (p < 0.001) levels, and significantly higher parathyroid hormone (p < 0.001) levels than those caries-free. Children with S-ECC were significantly more likely to have vitamin D levels below recognized thresholds for optimal and adequate status (i.e. < 75 and < 50 nmol/L, respectively). Multiple regression analysis revealed that S-ECC, infrequent milk consumption, and winter season were significantly associated with lower 25(OH)D concentrations. Low 25(OH)D levels, low household income, and poorer ratings of the child's general health were significantly associated with S-ECC on logistic regression. CONCLUSION Children with S-ECC appear to have relatively poor nutritional health compared to caries-free controls, and were significantly more likely to have low vitamin D, calcium, and albumin concentrations and elevated PTH levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Schroth
- The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- The Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 507 – 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Levi
- The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- The Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Sellers
- The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- The Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - James Friel
- The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- The Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Eleonore Kliewer
- The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- The Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michael EK Moffatt
- The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- The Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Canada
- Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Garcia Martin JM, Gonzalez Garcia M, Seoane Leston J, Llorente Pendas S, Diaz Martin JJ, Garcia-Pola MJ. Prevalence of black stain and associated risk factors in preschool Spanish children. Pediatr Int 2013; 55:355-9. [PMID: 23414217 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In pediatric clinical practice, it is common to be asked about the presence of black stains on teeth in children and teenagers. According to controversial etiology, it is known to be related to a low rate of caries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of black stain and associated risk factors in Spanish preschool children. METHODS A total of 3272 children aged 6 years old (3058 non-emigrant and 214 immigrant children) living in Oviedo (Spain), were enrolled in the present study. RESULTS The prevalence of black stain was 3.1% in the whole group. The index of primary decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft index) associated with black stain was 0.35 ± 1.123. A statistical association between black stain and the consumption of iron supplements was noted. CONCLUSIONS The regular consumption of foods rich in iron and the use of iron supplements during pregnancy and early childhood, could favor the development of chromogenic microbiota. The prevalence of black stain did not differ significantly between non-emigrant and immigrant children in Spain.
Collapse
|
28
|
Schroth RJ, Levi J, Kliewer E, Friel J, Moffatt MEK. Association between iron status, iron deficiency anaemia, and severe early childhood caries: a case-control study. BMC Pediatr 2013; 13:22. [PMID: 23388209 PMCID: PMC3575235 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-13-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe tooth decay is known to affect the health and well-being of young children. However, little is known about the influence of Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) on childhood nutritional status. The purpose of this study was to contrast ferritin and haemoglobin levels between preschoolers with S-ECC and caries-free controls. Methods Children were recruited as part of a larger case–control study examining differences in nutritional status between those with and without S-ECC. Preschoolers with S-ECC were recruited on the day of their dental surgery, while caries-free controls were recruited from the community. Parents completed a questionnaire and the child underwent venipuncture. The study was approved by the University’s Health Research Ethics Board. Statistics included descriptive, bivariate and logistic regression analyses. A p value ≤ .05 was significant. A total of 266 children were recruited; 144 with S-ECC and 122 caries-free. Results The mean age was 40.8 ± 14.1 months. The mean ferritin concentration for all children was 29.6 ± 17.9 μg/L while the mean haemoglobin level was 115.1 ± 10.1 g/L. Children with S-ECC were significantly more likely to have low ferritin (p=.033) and low haemoglobin levels (p>.001). Logistic regression analyses revealed that children with S-ECC were nearly twice as likely to have low ferritin levels and were over six times more likely to have iron deficiency anaemia than caries-free controls. Conclusions Children with S-ECC appear to be at significantly greater odds of having low ferritin status compared with caries-free children and also appear to have significantly lower haemoglobin levels than the caries-free control group. Children with S-ECC also appear to be at significantly greater odds for iron deficiency anaemia than cavity-free children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Schroth
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, 507-715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|