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Boustead KJ, Zeiler G. Life‐threatening hyperkalaemia in a five‐year‐old rottweiler undergoing bilateral elbow arthroscopy. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keagan John Boustead
- Companion Animal Clinical StudiesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care ServiceValley Farm Animal HospitalPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Gareth Zeiler
- Companion Animal Clinical StudiesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
- Anaesthesia and Critical Care ServiceValley Farm Animal HospitalPretoriaSouth Africa
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Longo M, Andreis ME, Pettinato C, Ravasio G, Rabbogliatti V, De Zani D, Di Giancamillo M, Zani DD. Use of the bolus tracking technique for the tomographic evaluation of the uretero-vesicular junction in dogs and assessment of dose records. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:64. [PMID: 27026013 PMCID: PMC5477813 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the work is the application of a bolus tracking technique for tomographic evaluation of the uretero-vesicular junction in dogs. Ten adult dogs (8-14 years) with variable body weight (2,8-32 kg) were enrolled in the prospective study. The patients were placed in sternal recumbency with a 10° elevated pelvis and the visualization of the uretero-vesicular junction was obtained with the bolus tracking technique after intravenous administration of non-ionic contrast medium. In the post-contrast late phase a region of interest was placed within the lumen of the distal ureters and the density values were monitored before starting the helical scan. RESULTS The uretero-vesicular junction was clearly visible in 100% of patients with the visualization of the endoluminal ureteral contrast enhancement and bladder washout. At the end of the tomographic study an evaluation of the dose records was performed and compared to human exposures reported in literature for the pelvic region. The effective dose estimated for each patient (37,5-138 mSv) proved to be elevated, when compared to those reported in human patients. CONCLUSION The bolus tracking technique could be applied for the visualization of the uretero-vesicular junction in non-pathological patients, placing the region of interest in the distal ureters. The high effective doses recorded in our study support the need of specific thresholds for veterinary patients, pointing out the attention for paediatric patient's exposure also in veterinary imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Longo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy.
| | - Maria Elena Andreis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Cinzia Pettinato
- Medical Physics Unit, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuliano Ravasio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Vanessa Rabbogliatti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Donatella De Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Davide Danilo Zani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Ospedale Didattico Universitario Az. Polo Veterinario di Lodi, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
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KUSHIRO-BANKER T, KEEGAN RD, DECOURCEY MA, GRUBB TL, GREENE SA, ARMSTRONG R. Effects of Tepoxalin and Medetomidine on Glomerular Filtration Rate in Dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:69-74. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tokiko KUSHIRO-BANKER
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, P. O. Box 647010, Pullman, WA 99164–7010, U.S.A
| | - Robert D. KEEGAN
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, P. O. Box 647010, Pullman, WA 99164–7010, U.S.A
| | - Michelle A. DECOURCEY
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, P. O. Box 647010, Pullman, WA 99164–7010, U.S.A
| | - Tamara L. GRUBB
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, P. O. Box 647010, Pullman, WA 99164–7010, U.S.A
| | - Stephen A. GREENE
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, P. O. Box 647010, Pullman, WA 99164–7010, U.S.A
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Kirberger RM, Cassel N, Carstens A, Goddard A. The effects of repeated intravenous iohexol administration on renal function in healthy beagles--a preliminary report. Acta Vet Scand 2012; 54:47. [PMID: 22892108 PMCID: PMC3533856 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-54-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contrast induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) is a well described syndrome in humans undergoing contrast medium examinations. To date CIN has received minimal attention in the veterinary literature despite increasing use of contrast medium examinations in computed tomographic studies. METHODS This prospective study evaluated the effect of 1290 mg/kg iohexol given intravenously to 5 normal beagle dogs in a divided dose at an interval of 6-8 weeks. Renal function was evaluated by means of scintigraphically determined glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and a variety of laboratory assays. RESULTS Only GFR showed a significant decrease (17%) after the second injection but not to a clinically or pathologically significant level. CONCLUSIONS No clinically significant effect of repeated contrast medium administration was determined in this limited study. However in dogs with reduced renal function the risk of CIN is likely to increase dramatically post contrast administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Kirberger
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, Republic of South Africa
| | - Nicolette Cassel
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, Republic of South Africa
| | - Ann Carstens
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, Republic of South Africa
| | - Amelia Goddard
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, Republic of South Africa
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Winter MD, Miles KG, Riedesel DH. Effect of sedation protocol on glomerular filtration rate in cats as determined by use of quantitative renal scintigraphy. Am J Vet Res 2012; 72:1222-5. [PMID: 21879980 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.9.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of several sedation protocols on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in cats as measured by use of quantitative renal scintigraphy and to analyze interobserver differences in GFR calculation. ANIMALS 5 cats (1 sexually intact male, 1 neutered male, and 3 sexually intact females). PROCEDURES Effects on GFR of 3 sedation protocols commonly used at the Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine were evaluated. The protocols were medetomidine (11 μg/kg) and butorphanol tartrate (0.22 mg/kg) administered i.m.; ketamine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) administered i.v.; and ketamine (10 mg/kg), midazolam (0.5 mg/kg), and acepromazine maleate (0.05 mg/kg) administered i.m.. Results for the 3 protocols were compared with results of GFR measurements obtained in these same cats without sedation (control protocol). RESULTS No significant difference between GFR measurements was associated with the 3 sedation protocols, compared with GFR measurements for the control protocol. The greatest mean GFR values were for the medetomidine-butorphanol and ketamine-midazolam protocols. There were no significant differences between observers for calculation of GFR. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that none of the 3 sedation protocols had significant effects on GFR calculated by use of quantitative renal scintigraphy, compared with results for GFR evaluations performed in the cats when they were not sedated. No significant interobserver error was evident. However, the statistical power of this study was low, and the probability of a type II error was high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Winter
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Chang J, Kim S, Jung J, Lee H, Chang D, Lee Y, Lee I, Yoon J, Choi M. Evaluation of the effects of thiopental, propofol, and etomidate on glomerular filtration rate measured by the use of dynamic computed tomography in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2011; 72:146-51. [PMID: 21194347 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.1.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of thiopental, propofol, and etomidate on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measured by the use of dynamic computed tomography in dogs. ANIMALS 17 healthy Beagles. PROCEDURES Dogs were randomly assigned to receive 2 mg of etomidate/kg (n = 5), 6 mg of propofol/kg (7), or 15 mg of thiopental/kg (5) during induction of anesthesia; anesthesia was subsequently maintained by isoflurane evaporated in 100% oxygen. A 1 mL/kg dosage of a 300 mg/mL solution of iohexol was administered at a rate of 3 mL/s during GFR measurement. Regions of interest of the right kidney were manually drawn to exclude vessels and fatty tissues and highlight the abdominal portion of the aorta. Iohexol clearance per unit volume of the kidney was calculated by use of Patlak plot analysis. RESULTS Mean ± SD weight-adjusted GFR of the right kidney after induction of anesthesia with thiopental, propofol, and etomidate was 2.04 ± 0.36 mL/min/kg, 2.06 ± 0.29 mL/min/kg, and 2.14 ± 0.43 mL/min/kg, respectively. However, no significant differences in weight-adjusted GFR were detected among the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results obtained for the measurement of GFR in anesthetized dogs after anesthetic induction with etomidate, propofol, or thiopental and maintenance with isoflurane did not differ significantly. Therefore, etomidate, propofol, or thiopental can be used in anesthesia-induction protocols that involve the use of isoflurane for maintenance of anesthesia without adversely affecting GFR measurements obtained by the use of dynamic computed tomography in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhwa Chang
- Department of Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
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Alexander K, Dunn M, Carmel EN, Lavoie JP, Del Castillo JRE. Clinical application of Patlak plot CT-GFR in animals with upper urinary tract disease. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2010; 51:421-7. [PMID: 20806874 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), an important parameter of renal function, is difficult to assess clinically. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen measurements lack sensitivity, whereas radionuclide determination of GFR is not always available and requires postinjection patient isolation. GFR can be determined using computed tomography (CT), most commonly via Patlak plot analysis. Four adult cats, two adult dogs, and a foal underwent abdominal CT under general anesthesia for various diseases of the upper urinary tract. CT-GFR was measured with a single-slice dynamic acquisition and Patlak plot analysis. In five animals, the total CT-GFR appeared to be below normal, corresponding with mild (two animals) and moderate (two animals) increases of serum creatinine in four. In the two animals with normal or increased CT-GFR, serum creatinine was within the reference values. A significant negative logarithmic relationship was found between CT-GFR and serum creatinine values (P = 0.008; r2 = 0.75). No complications occurred during or following CT-GFR. CT examination provided clinically relevant information in 3/5 patients with possible ureteral obstruction and in 3/3 patients with suspected ureteral calculi. Single-slice dynamic CT-GFR was practical and provided clinically useful information in this small series of patients undergoing CT of the upper urinary tract. There was a significant relationship between CT-GFR and serum creatinine values, which supports the clinical potential of CT-GFR and justifies further investigation of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Alexander
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, PO Box 5000, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J2S 7C6.
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Alexander K, Authier S, del Castillo JRE, Arora V, Qi S, Guillot M, Beauchamp G, Troncy E. Patlak plot analysis CT-GFR for the determination of renal function: comparison of normal dogs with autologous kidney transplant dogs. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2010; 5:133-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hecht S, Lane IF, Daniel GB, Morandi F, Sharp DE. Diuretic renal scintigraphy in normal cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2008; 49:589-94. [PMID: 19051652 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2008.00422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a protocol for diuretic renal scintigraphy (renography) in cats and describe normal findings. 99mTc-DTPA renal scintigraphy was performed twice in 10 healthy cats. Furosemide or saline were injected 4.5 min after radiopharmaceutical administration for the diuretic or control scan, respectively. A dynamic acquisition was performed for 8 min. The following parameters were evaluated: (1) global and individual glomerular filtration rate (GFR); (2) shape of the time-activity curve (TAC); (3) time of peak (TOP); (4) individual kidney excretion half-time (T1/2) of the radiopharmaceutical; (5) percentage of maximum activity measured at the end of the study. Global GFR in the control studies (2.79 +/- 0.83 ml/min/kg, mean +/- SD) did not differ significantly from the diuretic scans (2.34 +/- 0.51 ml/min/kg). The shape of most (16/ 20) TAC of diuretic renograms was similar to those of control renograms. The TOP of the diuretic renogram curves was 3.06 +/- 0.58 min, and did not differ from that of the control scans (3.01 +/- 0.61 min). T1/2 of the diuretic renograms was significantly shorter (5.15 +/- 0.83 min) than that of the control renograms (6.31 +/- 1.50 min). A significantly lower percentage of maximum activity was present at the end of the study in diuretic renograms (median: 47.25%; range: 33.60-59.60%) compared with control renograms (63.40%; 30.00-69.40%). Diuretic renal scintigraphy is a noninvasive and fast procedure to perform in cats. The applicability of this technique needs to be investigated in patients with significantly impaired renal function and obstructive uropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Hecht
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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Alexander K, Ybarra N, del Castillo JRE, Morin V, Gauvin D, Bichot S, Beauchamp G, Troncy É. Determination of glomerular filtration rate in anesthetized pigs by use of three-phase whole-kidney computed tomography and Patlak plot analysis. Am J Vet Res 2008; 69:1455-62. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.69.11.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fusellier M, Desfontis JC, Madec S, Gautier F, Debailleul M, Gogny M. Influence of three anesthetic protocols on glomerular filtration rate in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2007; 68:807-11. [PMID: 17669018 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.68.8.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate renal function in clinically normal dogs when awake and during anesthesia with medetomidine; xylazine, ketamine, and halothane (XKH) combination; or propofol. ANIMALS 10 adult female Beagles. PROCEDURES At intervals of 15 days, dogs were administered medetomidine (0.05 mg/kg, IV); XKH combination (xylazine [1 mg/kg, IV], ketamine [5 mg/kg, IV], and halothane [1% end-tidal concentration]); or propofol (6 mg/kg, IV) to induce anesthesia or no treatment. Glomerular filtration rate was assessed on the basis of renal uptake (RU; determined via renal scintigraphy) and plasma clearance (CL) of technetium 99m-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid ((99m)Tc-DTPA). RESULTS In awake dogs, mean +/- SEM RU was 9.7 +/- 0.4% and CL was 3.86 +/- 0.23 mL/min/ kg. Renal uptake and CL of (99m)Tc-DTPA were not significantly modified by administration of XKH (RU, 11.4 +/- 0.9%; CL, 4.6 +/- 0.32 mL/min/kg) or propofol (RU, 9.7 +/- 0.3%; CL, 3.78 +/- 0.37 mL/min/kg). Half-life elimination time of plasma (99m)Tc-DTPA decreased significantly in XKH-anesthetized dogs, compared with the value in awake dogs (14.4 minutes and 28.9 minutes, respectively). However, glomerular filtration rate was significantly decreased by administration of medetomidine (RU, 3.9 +/- 0.1%), and the time to maximum kidney activity was significantly increased (867 +/- 56 seconds vs 181 +/- 11 seconds without anesthesia). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that anesthesia with propofol or an XKH combination did not alter renal function in healthy Beagles, but anesthesia with medetomidine decreased early RU of (99m)Tc-DTPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Fusellier
- Animal Pathophysiology and Functional Pharmacology Unit (UPSP 5304), National Veterinary School, BP 40706, F-44307 Nantes, France
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King MD, Waldron DR, Barber DL, Larson MM, Saunders GK, Troy GC, Zimmerman-Pope N, Ward DL. Effect of nephrotomy on renal function and morphology in normal cats. Vet Surg 2007; 35:749-58. [PMID: 17187637 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2006.00219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess effects over 12 weeks of bisection nephrotomy on renal function, size, and morphology in cats. STUDY DESIGN Controlled, randomized, blinded experiment. SAMPLE POPULATION Ten adult female cats. METHODS Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), determined by quantitative renal scintigraphy using (99m)Technetium-diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid, urinalysis, urine culture, and ultrasonographic measurement of renal size were performed preoperatively. Left or right nephrotomy (5 cats/group) was performed. Total and individual kidney GFRs were determined at 2, 28, and 84 days, ultrasonographic measurements at 28 and 86 days, and ultrasound-guided biopsy at 86 days. RESULTS No significant differences in mean GFR and kidney size of operated versus unoperated kidneys were observed. Individual GFR and renal size of all except 1 cat remained within normal limits. Two cats had evidence of transient ureteral obstruction in the immediate postoperative period. No significant, generalized histologic abnormalities were observed. CONCLUSIONS Bisection nephrotomy in normal cats does not adversely affect renal function or morphology during the initial 12 weeks. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bisection nephrotomy can be safely performed in normal feline kidneys without causing a significant deleterious effect on renal function. Studies in cats with pre-existing renal insufficiency are needed to ensure adverse effects would not occur in clinical cases where this surgical procedure is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D King
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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Frendin JHM, Boström IM, Kampa N, Eksell P, Häggström JU, Nyman GC. Effects of carprofen on renal function during medetomidine-propofol-isoflurane anesthesia in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2006; 67:1967-73. [PMID: 17144795 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.67.12.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate effects of carprofen on indices of renal function and results of serum bio-chemical analyses and effects on cardiovascular variables during medetomidine-propofol-isoflurane anesthesia in dogs. ANIMALS 8 healthy male Beagles. PROCEDURES A randomized crossover study was conducted with treatments including saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (0.08 mL/kg) and carprofen (4 mg/kg) administered IV. Saline solution or carprofen was administered 30 minutes before induction of anesthesia and immediately before administration of medetomidine (20 microg/kg, IM). Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with inspired isoflurane in oxygen. Blood gas concentrations and ventilation were measured. Cardiovascular variables were continuously monitored via pulse contour cardiac output (CO) measurement. Renal function was assessed via glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal blood flow (RBF), scintigraphy, serum biochemical analyses, urinalysis, and continuous CO measurements. Hematologic analysis was performed. RESULTS Values did not differ significantly between the carprofen and saline solution groups. For both treatments, sedation and anesthesia caused changes in results of serum biochemical and hematologic analyses; a transient, significant increase in urine alkaline phosphatase activity; and blood flow diversion to the kidneys. The GFR increased significantly in both groups despite decreased CO, mean arterial pressure, and absolute RBF variables during anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Carprofen administered IV before anesthesia did not cause detectable, significant adverse effects on renal function during medetomidine-propofol-isoflurane anesthesia in healthy Beagles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H M Frendin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Saleh N, Aoki M, Shimada T, Akiyoshi H, Hassanin A, Ohashi F. Renal effects of medetomidine in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs with special reference to its diuretic action. J Vet Med Sci 2005; 67:461-5. [PMID: 15942129 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.67.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal effects of the selective alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist, medetomidine, were investigated in anesthetized dogs. Animals were administered medetomidine 20 and 40 microg/kg intravenously (IV) and 80 mug/kg intramuscularly (IM) or 1 ml of saline IV. Urine and blood samples were collected before and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min following medetomidine injection. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine volume (U(v)), urine osmolality (U(osm)), free water clearance (C(H2O)), fractional clearance of sodium (F(Na)), plasma osmolality (P(osm)), plasma glucose levels and plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentrations were measured. The results showed that IV administration of medetomidine initially increased MABP 5-15 min followed by long-lasting decrease. The initial hypertension was not observed after IM administration, which was accompanied by a more profound hypotensive effects. RBF, GFR, U(v), C(H2O) increased after IV injection and decreased after IM. Medetomidine increased FNa and Posm and decreased U(osm). Plasma glucose levels initially increased and subsequently decreased. Plasma ADH concentration was decreased by IV injection but increased by IM administration. Our data imply that: 1) IV administration of medetomidine at dose rates of 20 and 40 microg/kg results in profound diuresis up to 2 hr; 2) Suppression of ADH release from the CNS is one of the mechanisms of medetomidine-induced diuresis although it may not be the principal one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Saleh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Zimmerman-Pope N, Waldron DR, Barber DL, Forrester SD, Wilcke JR, Marini M. Effect of fenoldopam on renal function after nephrotomy in normal dogs. Vet Surg 2003; 32:566-73. [PMID: 14648536 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2003.00566.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of fenoldopam on renal function in normal dogs subjected to bisection nephrotomy. In addition, effects of bisection nephrotomy on renal function in normal dogs were evaluated. STUDY DESIGN Controlled, randomized, blinded experiment. SAMPLE POPULATION Sixteen mixed-breed adult dogs. METHODS Dogs were paired for sex, body weight, and approximate age and assigned to 1 of 2 groups: fenoldopam (F) or placebo (P). Baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) based on quantitative renal scintigraphy using (99m)Tc-DTPA, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), urinalysis, and urine culture were performed before surgery. Left nephrotomy was performed via median celiotomy. Group F dogs were administered intravenous (IV) fenoldopam (0.1 microg/kg/min) for 90 minutes, whereas group P dogs were administered an equivalent volume of saline (0.9 % NaCl) solution for 90 minutes. Temperature, heart rate, respiration, direct arterial blood pressure, and urine volume were recorded during anesthesia. Renal function was assessed by measuring SCr, BUN, and GFR at 1, 21, and 42 days after surgery. RESULTS There was no significant difference between groups in measured physiologic variables. No significant difference in GFR, BUN, or SCr between groups or between operated or control kidneys was detected. CONCLUSIONS Bisection nephrotomy in normal dogs with renal arterial occlusion of 15 minutes and using a simple continuous capsular closure does not adversely affect renal function. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bisection nephrotomy, as described in this study, does not decrease renal function; perioperative administration of renoprotective agents is not necessary in normal dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Zimmerman-Pope
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences and Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0442, USA
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