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Okoturo E. Genetic determinants of periosteum-mediated craniofacial bone regeneration: a systematic review. Arch Craniofac Surg 2023; 24:251-259. [PMID: 37584066 PMCID: PMC10766501 DOI: 10.7181/acfs.2023.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periosteum-mediated bone regeneration (PMBR) is a recognized method for mandibular reconstruction. Despite its unpredictable nature and the limited degree to which it is understood, it does not share the concerns of developmental changes to donor and recipient tissues that other treatment options do. The definitive role of the periosteum in bone regeneration in any mammal remains largely unexplored. The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic determinants of PMBR in mammals through a systematic review. METHODS Our search methodology was designed in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. We conducted a quality assessment of each publication, and evaluated the differences in gene expression between days 7 and 15. RESULTS A total of four studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. The subjects and tissues examined in these studies were Wistar rat calvaria in two studies, mini-pigs in one study, and calves and mice in one study. Three out of the four studies achieved the necessary quality score of ≥ 3. Gene expression analysis showed increased activity of genes responsible for angiogenesis, cytokine activities, and immune-inflammatory responses on day 7. Additionally, genes related to skeletal development and signaling pathways were upregulated on day 15. Conclusions: The results suggest that skeletal morphogenesis is regulated by genes associated with skeletal development, and the gene expression patterns of PMBR may be characterized by specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyituoyo Okoturo
- Division of Head & Neck Cancer Oral, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Lagos, Nigeria
- Molecular Oncology Program, Medical Research Centre, Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM), Lagos, Nigeria
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2
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Kang X, Ma X, Li H, Jin X, Gao X, Feng D, Wu S. Neuropeptide Y Promotes mTORC1 to Regulate Chondrocyte Proliferation and Hypertrophy. Endocrinology 2023; 164:6967060. [PMID: 36592126 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been reported to regulate bone metabolism and homeostasis; however, its potential roles in growth plate chondrogenesis remain unclear. Here, we found that NPY expression decreased during chondrocyte differentiation in vitro and in vivo. NPY was required for chondrocyte proliferation; in contrast, knockdown of NPY facilitated chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation. Administration of recombinant NPY in rat chondrocytes and metatarsal bones uncoupled normal proliferation and hypertrophic differentiation during chondrogenesis and thereby inhibited growth plate chondrogenesis and longitudinal bone growth. Remarkably, NPY activated the mTORC1 pathway in chondrocytes, whereas attenuation of mTORC1 activity by administration of rapamycin in vitro partially abrogated NPY-mediated effects on chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophic differentiation. In addition, a combination of Y2R antagonist but not Y1R antagonist with NPY abolished NPY-mediated inhibition of metatarsal growth and growth plate chondrogenesis. Mechanistically, NPY activated Erk1/2 by NPY2R, then phosphorylated ERK1/2 activated mTORC1 to initiate PTHrP expression, which in turn promoted chondrocyte proliferation and inhibited chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation. In conclusion, our data identified NPY as a crucial regulator of chondrogenesis and may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Kang
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Huixia Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Jin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Dongxu Feng
- Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shufang Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
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Shirazi S, Ravindran S, Cooper LF. Topography-mediated immunomodulation in osseointegration; Ally or Enemy. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121903. [PMID: 36410109 PMCID: PMC10148651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoimmunology is at full display during endosseous implant osseointegration. Bone formation, maintenance and resorption at the implant surface is a result of bidirectional and dynamic reciprocal communication between the bone and immune cells that extends beyond the well-defined osteoblast-osteoclast signaling. Implant surface topography informs adherent progenitor and immune cell function and their cross-talk to modulate the process of bone accrual. Integrating titanium surface engineering with the principles of immunology is utilized to harness the power of immune system to improve osseointegration in healthy and diseased microenvironments. This review summarizes current information regarding immune cell-titanium implant surface interactions and places these events in the context of surface-mediated immunomodulation and bone regeneration. A mechanistic approach is directed in demonstrating the central role of osteoimmunology in the process of osseointegration and exploring how regulation of immune cell function at the implant-bone interface may be used in future control of clinical therapies. The process of peri-implant bone loss is also informed by immunomodulation at the implant surface. How surface topography is exploited to prevent osteoclastogenesis is considered herein with respect to peri-implant inflammation, osteoclastic precursor-surface interactions, and the upstream/downstream effects of surface topography on immune and progenitor cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Shirazi
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Sriram Ravindran
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lyndon F Cooper
- School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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4
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Sun R, Bai L, Yang Y, Ding Y, Zhuang J, Cui J. Nervous System-Driven Osseointegration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168893. [PMID: 36012155 PMCID: PMC9408825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Implants are essential therapeutic tools for treating bone fractures and joint replacements. Despite the in-depth study of osseointegration for more than fifty years, poor osseointegration caused by aseptic loosening remains one of the leading causes of late implant failures. Osseointegration is a highly sophisticated and spatiotemporal process in vivo involving the immune response, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. It has been unraveled that the nervous system plays a pivotal role in skeletal health via manipulating neurotrophins, neuropeptides, and nerve cells. Herein, the research related to nervous system-driven osseointegration was systematically analyzed and reviewed, aiming to demonstrate the prominent role of neuromodulation in osseointegration. Additionally, it is indicated that the implant design considering the role of neuromodulation might be a promising way to prevent aseptic loosening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyue Sun
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Long Bai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Yaru Yang
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Yanshu Ding
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jingwen Zhuang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jingyuan Cui
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (L.B.)
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Tiedemann K, Tsao S, Komarova SV. Platelets and osteoblasts: secretome connections. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C347-C353. [PMID: 35675640 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00187.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Megakaryocyte hyperplasia associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms commonly leads to abnormal bone tissue deposition in the bone marrow, known as osteosclerosis. In this study, we aimed to synthesize the known proteomics literature describing factors released by megakaryocytes and platelets and to examine if any of the secreted factors have a known ability to stimulate the bone-forming cells, osteoblasts. Using a systematic search of Medline, we identified 77 articles reporting on factors secreted by platelets and megakaryocytes. After a full-text screening and analysis of the studies, we selected seven papers that reported proteomics data for factors secreted by platelets from healthy individuals. From 60 proteins reported in at least two studies, we focused on 23 that contained a putative signal peptide, which we searched for a potential osteoblast-stimulatory function. From nine proteins with a positive effect on osteoblast formation and function, two extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1), and three cellular proteins with known extracellular function, the 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70), thymosin-β4 (TB4), and super dismutase (SOD), were identified as hypothetical candidate molecules to be examined as potential mediators in mouse models of osteomyelofibrosis. Thus, careful analysis of prior literature can be beneficial in assisting the planning of future experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Tiedemann
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Serena Tsao
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Svetlana V Komarova
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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6
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Neto E, Monteiro AC, Leite Pereira C, Simões M, Conde JP, Chu V, Sarmento B, Lamghari M. Micropathological Chip Modeling the Neurovascular Unit Response to Inflammatory Bone Condition. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102305. [PMID: 35158409 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip in vitro platforms accurately mimic complex microenvironments offering the ability to recapitulate and dissect mechanisms of physiological and pathological settings, revealing their major importance to develop new therapeutic targets. Bone diseases, such as osteoarthritis, are extremely complex, comprising of the action of inflammatory mediators leading to unbalanced bone homeostasis and de-regulation of sensory innervation and angiogenesis. Although there are models to mimic bone vascularization or innervation, in vitro platforms merging the complexity of bone, vasculature, innervation, and inflammation are missing. Therefore, in this study a microfluidic-based neuro-vascularized bone chip (NVB chip) is proposed to 1) model the mechanistic interactions between innervation and angiogenesis in the inflammatory bone niche, and 2) explore, as a screening tool, novel strategies targeting inflammatory diseases, using a nano-based drug delivery system. It is possible to set the design of the platform and achieve the optimized conditions to address the neurovascular network under inflammation. Moreover, this system is validated by delivering anti-inflammatory drug-loaded nanoparticles to counteract the neuronal growth associated with pain perception. This reliable in vitro tool will allow understanding the bone neurovascular system, enlightening novel mechanisms behind the inflammatory bone diseases, bone destruction, and pain opening new avenues for new therapies discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estrela Neto
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
- INEB – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
| | - Ana Carolina Monteiro
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
- INEB – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
| | - Catarina Leite Pereira
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
- INEB – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
| | - Miguel Simões
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
- INEB – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
| | - João Pedro Conde
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores (INESC) Microsystems and Nanotechnologies Rua Alves Redol, 9 1000‐029 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Virginia Chu
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores (INESC) Microsystems and Nanotechnologies Rua Alves Redol, 9 1000‐029 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
- INEB – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
- CESPU Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde Rua Central da Gandra, 137 Gandra 4585‐116 Portugal
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
- INEB – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica Universidade do Porto Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 Porto 4200‐135 Portugal
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7
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Chen Y, Zhang T, Wan L, Wang Z, Li S, Hu J, Xu D, Lu H. Early treadmill running delays rotator cuff healing via Neuropeptide Y mediated inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. J Orthop Translat 2021; 30:103-111. [PMID: 34722153 PMCID: PMC8517718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Defining the optimal rehabilitation programs for rotator cuff healing remains a challenge. Early treadmill running may have negative effects on tendon-bone interface (TBI) healing with increased expression of Neuropeptide Y (NPY). However, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Methods The mice were randomly assigned to four groups: control group, treadmill group, treadmill + BIBO3304 group and BIBO3304 group alone. Specifically, the control group was allowed free cage activity without any treatment after surgery. The treadmill group received early treadmill running initiated from postoperative day 2. The treadmill + BIBO3304 group received treadmill running combined with intra-articular injection of BIBO3304 postoperatively. The BIBO3304 group only received type 1 NPY receptor (Y1 receptor, Y1R) antagonist BIBO3304 postoperatively. Healing outcomes of the rotator cuff were evaluated by histological analysis, synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SR-μCT) scanning, and biomechanical testing at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. The expression of NPY and its Y1 receptor during the treadmill running were tested by immunofluorescence. In addition, the related signaling pathway of Neuropeptide Y among all groups was detected by immunohistochemistry and western-blot. Results Immunofluorescence results show that early treadmill training could lead to a significant increase in the expression of NPY at the healing site, and Y1R was widely expressed in both normal or injured rotator cuff without statistical difference. At the same time, early treadmill running delayed the healing of rotator cuff, as indicated with unsatisfactory outcomes, including a significantly lower histological score, decreased bone formation and inferior biomechanical properties at postoperative week 4 and 8. Moreover, the use of BIBO3304 could partly alleviate the negative effects of early treadmill running on the healing of rotator cuff and promote the natural healing process of rotator cuff, as evidenced by significant differences observed between the treadmill and treadmill + BIBO3304 groups, as well as observed between the control and BIBO3304 groups. On the other hand, the expressions of Wnt3a and β-catenin in the treadmill group were significantly lower compared with the other groups, while the expression in the BIBO3304 group was the highest, as evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western-blot. Conclusions Early treadmill running increased the expression of NPY at the RC healing site, which might burden the expression of Wnt3a/β-catenin and delay the healing process, inhibition of Y1 receptor with BIBO3304 could promote bone-tendon healing through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The translational potential of this article: This is the first study to evaluate the specific role of the NPY-Y1R axis and its underlying mechanism by which early treadmill running delays bone-tendon healing. Further, our study may provide references of precise and individualized exercise-based rehabilitation strategies for TBI healing in clinic. The translational potential of this article This is the first study to evaluate the specific role of the NPY-Y1R axis and its underlying mechanism by which early treadmill running delays bone-tendon healing. Further, our study may provide references of precise and individualized exercise-based rehabilitation strategies for TBI healing in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Liyang Wan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhanwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Shengcan Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Daqi Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China
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8
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Ma W, Lyu H, Pandya M, Gopinathan G, Luan X, Diekwisch TGH. Successful Application of a Galanin-Coated Scaffold for Periodontal Regeneration. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1144-1152. [PMID: 34328037 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211028852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The nervous system exerts finely tuned control over all aspects of the life of an organism, including pain, sensation, growth, and development. Recent developments in tissue regeneration research have increasingly turned to small molecule peptides to tailor and augment the biological response following tissue loss or injury. In the present study, we have introduced the small molecule peptide galanin (GAL) as a novel scaffold-coating agent for the healing and regeneration of craniofacial tissues. Using immunohistochemistry, we detected GAL and GAL receptors in healthy periodontal tissues and in the proximity of blood vessels, while exposure to our periodontal disease regimen resulted in a downregulation of GAL. In a 3-dimensional bioreactor culture, GAL coating of collagen scaffolds promoted cell proliferation and matrix synthesis. Following subcutaneous implantation, GAL-coated scaffolds were associated with mineralized bone-like tissue deposits, which reacted positively for alizarin red and von Kossa, and demonstrated increased expression and protein levels of RUNX2, OCN, OSX, and iBSP. In contrast, the GAL receptor antagonist galantide blocked the effect of GAL on Runx2 expression and inhibited mineralization in our subcutaneous implantation model. Moreover, GAL coating promoted periodontal regeneration and a rescue of the periodontal defect generated in our periodontitis model mice. Together, these data demonstrate the efficacy of the neuropeptide GAL as a coating material for tissue regeneration. They are also suggestive of a novel role for neurogenic signaling pathways in craniofacial and periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ma
- Texas A&M Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis and Department of Periodontics, TAMU College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - H Lyu
- Texas A&M Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis and Department of Periodontics, TAMU College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA.,Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Pandya
- Texas A&M Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis and Department of Periodontics, TAMU College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - G Gopinathan
- Texas A&M Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis and Department of Periodontics, TAMU College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - X Luan
- Texas A&M Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis and Department of Periodontics, TAMU College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - T G H Diekwisch
- Texas A&M Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis and Department of Periodontics, TAMU College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
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Wieczorek E, Ożyhar A. Transthyretin: From Structural Stability to Osteoarticular and Cardiovascular Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:1768. [PMID: 34359938 PMCID: PMC8307983 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric protein transporting hormones in the plasma and brain, which has many other activities that have not been fully acknowledged. TTR is a positive indicator of nutrition status and is negatively correlated with inflammation. TTR is a neuroprotective and oxidative-stress-suppressing factor. The TTR structure is destabilized by mutations, oxidative modifications, aging, proteolysis, and metal cations, including Ca2+. Destabilized TTR molecules form amyloid deposits, resulting in senile and familial amyloidopathies. This review links structural stability of TTR with the environmental factors, particularly oxidative stress and Ca2+, and the processes involved in the pathogenesis of TTR-related diseases. The roles of TTR in biomineralization, calcification, and osteoarticular and cardiovascular diseases are broadly discussed. The association of TTR-related diseases and vascular and ligament tissue calcification with TTR levels and TTR structure is presented. It is indicated that unaggregated TTR and TTR amyloid are bound by vicious cycles, and that TTR may have an as yet undetermined role(s) at the crossroads of calcification, blood coagulation, and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Wieczorek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
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10
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Zhang T, Chen Y, Chen C, Li S, Xiao H, Wang L, Hu J, Lu H. Treadmill exercise facilitated rotator cuff healing is coupled with regulating periphery neuropeptides expression in a murine model. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:680-692. [PMID: 32239544 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative exercise has been found able to accelerate bone-tendon (B-T) healing. In this study, we systematically compared tendon-to-bone healing in mice subjected to postoperative treadmill exercise and free cage recovery in a murine rotator cuff repair model. Specifically, C57BL/6 mice underwent unilateral supraspinatus tendon (SST) detachment and repair were randomly allocated into treadmill group and control group. Treadmill group received daily treadmill running initiated from postoperative day 7 while the control group was allowed free cage activity. Mice were euthanized at postoperative 4 and 8 weeks for synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SR-μCT), histology and biomechanical tests to investigate the effect of treadmill running on B-T healing. The results indicated that treadmill running initiated at day 7 postoperatively was able to accelerate B-T healing, as evidenced by better tendon-to-bone maturation and increased mechanical property. Recent studies show that peripheral neuropeptides are closely associated with musculoskeletal tissue repair. We furtherly conducted quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining to investigate the temporal-spatial expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and peripheral neuropeptide Y (NPY) to verify whether they are related to rotator cuff healing. Our results show increased expression of CGRP, SP, and NPY at the healing site under the effect of mechanical stimulation. In conclusion, delayed postoperative exercise with moderate strength appears to accelerate the early phase of B-T healing, a process that may prove to be linked to increased expression of periphery neuropeptides known to play a role in tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Shengcan Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Linfeng Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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Destabilisation of the structure of transthyretin is driven by Ca 2. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:409-423. [PMID: 33129902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tetrameric transthyretin (TTR) transports thyroid hormones and retinol in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid and performs protective functions under stress conditions. Ageing and mutations result in TTR destabilisation and the formation of the amyloid deposits that dysregulate Ca2+ homeostasis. Our aim was to determine whether Ca2+ affects the structural stability of TTR. We show, using multiple techniques, that Ca2+ does not induce prevalent TTR dissociation and/or oligomerisation. However, in the presence of Ca2+, TTR exhibits altered conformational flexibility and different interactions with the solvent molecules. These structural changes lead to the formation of the sub-populations of non-native TTR conformers and to the destabilisation of the structure of TTR. Moreover, the sub-population of TTR molecules undergoes fragmentation that is augmented by Ca2+. We postulate that Ca2+ constitutes the structural and functional switch between the native and non-native forms of TTR, and therefore tip the balance towards age-dependent pathological calcification.
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12
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Wu JQ, Jiang N, Yu B. Mechanisms of action of neuropeptide Y on stem cells and its potential applications in orthopaedic disorders. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:986-1000. [PMID: 33033559 PMCID: PMC7524693 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders are the leading causes of disability and result in reduced quality of life. The neuro-osteogenic network is one of the most promising fields in orthopaedic research. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) system has been reported to be involved in the regulations of bone metabolism and homeostasis, which also provide feedback to the central NPY system via NPY receptors. Currently, potential roles of peripheral NPY in bone metabolism remain unclear. Growing evidence suggests that NPY can regulate biological actions of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial cells, and chondrocytes via a local autocrine or paracrine manner by different NPY receptors. The regulative activities of NPY may be achieved through the plasticity of NPY receptors, and interactions among the targeted cells as well. In general, NPY can influence proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, migration, mobilization, and cytokine secretion of different types of cells, and play crucial roles in the development of bone delayed/non-union, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis. Further basic research should clarify detailed mechanisms of action of NPY on stem cells, and clinical investigations are also necessary to comprehensively evaluate potential applications of NPY and its receptor-targeted drugs in management of musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qun Wu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Huadu District People’s Hospital, Guangzhou 510800, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
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13
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ÇEVİK MÖ, KORKUSUZ P, KORKUSUZ F. Neuropeptide Y1 receptor antagonist but not neuropeptide Y itself increased bone mineral density when locally injected with hyaluronic acid in male Wistar rats. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:1454-1460. [PMID: 32490636 PMCID: PMC7491288 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2001-268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim The nervous system controls bone mass via both the central (CNS) and the peripheral (PNS) nervous systems. Intriguingly, neuropeptide Y (NPY) signaling occurs in both. Less is known on how the PNS stimulated NPY signaling controls bone metabolism. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether NPY or NPY1 receptor antagonist changes local bone mineral density (BMD) when injected into a Wistar rat tibia. Materials and methods Tibial intramedullary area of 24 wild type male Wistar rats (average weight = 350 ± 50 g, average age = 4 ± 0.5 months) were injected with NPY (1 × 10-5 M and 1 × 10-6 M) and NPY1 receptor antagonist (1 × 10-4 M) dissolved in hyaluronic acid (HA) separately. Tibiae were collected after one and two weeks. BMD was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and micro quantitative computer tomography (QCT). Histological changes were analyzed with light microscopy, Goldner's Masson trichrome (MT), and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results According to DXA, the mean BMD of NPY dose 1 (1 × 10-5 M) was significantly lower than that of the control (HA applied) group and not significantly but still lower than that of the NPY dose 2 and NPY1 antagonist applied groups. QCT results indicated the same pattern statistically insignificantly in the trabecular area but not in the cortex of the bones. Histologically, only NPY1 antagonist applied tibiae revealed young spongiosis bone trabeculae formed in the borderline of the cortical bones. HA was remarkably biocompatible and late degrading in the tissues. Conclusion Local administration of NPY and NPY1 antagonists may hold regulating potential of BMD and bone formation. NPY1 antagonist caused new bone formation in trabecular bone when applied locally. NPY dissolved in HA however can be used to suppress bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammer Özgür ÇEVİK
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Adıyaman University, AdıyamanTurkey
| | - Petek KORKUSUZ
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, AnkaraTurkey
| | - Feza KORKUSUZ
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, AnkaraTurkey
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14
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Kang X, Qian Z, Liu J, Feng D, Li H, Zhang Z, Jin X, Ma Z, Xu M, Li F, Zhang Y, Gao X, Sun H, Wu S. Neuropeptide Y Acts Directly on Cartilage Homeostasis and Exacerbates Progression of Osteoarthritis Through NPY2R. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1375-1384. [PMID: 32101625 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is known to regulate bone homeostasis; however, its functional role as a risk factor during osteoarthritis (OA) remains elusive. In this study, we aim to investigate the direct effect of NPY on degradation of cartilage and progression of OA and explore the molecular events involved. NPY was overexpressed in human OA cartilage accompanied with increased expression of NPY1 receptor (NPY1R) and NPY2 receptor (NPY2R). Stressors such as cold exposure resulted in the peripheral release of NPY from sympathetic nerves, which in turn promoted upregulation of NPY and NPY2R in articular cartilage in vivo. Intra-articular administration of NPY significantly promoted chondrocyte hypertrophy and cartilage matrix degradation, with a higher OARSI score than that of control mice, whereas inhibition of NPY2R but not NPY1R with its specific antagonist remarkably ameliorated NPY-mediated effects. Moreover, NPY activated mTORC1 pathway in articular chondrocytes, whereas the administration of rapamycin (an mTORC1 inhibitor) in vitro abrogated NPY-mediated effects. Mechanistically, mTORC1 downstream kinase S6K1 interacted with and phosphorylated SMAD1/5/8 and promoted SMAD4 nuclear translocation, resulting in upregulation of Runx2 expression to promote chondrocyte hypertrophy and cartilage degradation. In conclusion, our findings provided the direct evidence and the crucial role of NPY in cartilage homeostasis. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Kang
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Zhuang Qian
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Dongxu Feng
- Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Huixia Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Zhuanmin Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xinxin Jin
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Zhengmin Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Mao Xu
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Hongzhi Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Shufang Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, PR China
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15
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Chen R, Hao Z, Chen X, Fu Q, Ma Y. Neuropeptide Y enhances proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells. Neuropeptides 2020; 80:102022. [PMID: 31987472 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, emerging evidence has illustrated the indispensable role of sympathetic neurotransmitters and their receptors in cartilage mediation. The presence of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-positive sympathetic nerve fibres in cartilage and NPY-secretion function in chondrocytes raises the possibility of NPY directly regulating the function of chondrocytes. Therefore, this study intended to evaluate the effect of NPY and its receptors on the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells. Results showed NPY, especially at a concentration of 10-10 M, to significantly enhance proliferation of ATDC5 cells. Moreover, NPY effectively facilitated early chondrogenesis and late hypertrophy/mineralisation of ATDC5 cells via Y1 receptor signalling, rather than via Y2 receptor signalling. Taken together, the results help us to understand how NPY and its receptors affect the function of chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Zhichao Hao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China.
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16
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Zhang Z, Wang P, Li X, Wang Y, Qin Z, Zhang C, Li J. Reconstruction of mandibular bone defects using biphasic calcium phosphate bone substitutes with simultaneous implant placement in mini‐swine: A pilot
in vivo
study. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:2071-2079. [PMID: 30576059 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Center of Orthognathic and TMJ SurgeryNational Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial‐Head & Neck OncologyShanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center of Stomatology Shanghai China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Center of Orthognathic and TMJ SurgeryNational Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Center of Orthognathic and TMJ SurgeryNational Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Center of Orthognathic and TMJ SurgeryNational Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Zhifan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Center of Orthognathic and TMJ SurgeryNational Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Chenping Zhang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial‐Head & Neck OncologyShanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center of Stomatology Shanghai China
| | - Jihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Center of Orthognathic and TMJ SurgeryNational Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University Chengdu China
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17
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Zhang Z, Li Z, Zhang C, Liu J, Bai Y, Li S, Zhang C. Biomimetic intrafibrillar mineralized collagen promotes bone regeneration via activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7503-7516. [PMID: 30538446 PMCID: PMC6257138 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s172164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of biomimetic intrafibrillar mineralized collagen (IMC) bone scaffold materials on bone regeneration and the underlying biological mechanisms. Materials and methods A critical-sized bone defect in the rat femur was created; then IMC, extrafibrillar mineralized collagen, and nano-hydroxyapatite bone scaffold materials were grafted into the defect. Ten weeks after implantation, micro-computed tomography and histology were applied to evaluate the bone regeneration. Furthermore, microarray technology was applied for transcriptional profile analysis at two postoperative time points (7 and 14 days). Subsequently, the critical genes involved in bone regeneration identified by transcriptional analysis were verified both in vivo through immunohistochemical analysis and in vitro by quantitative real-time transcription polymerase chain reaction evaluation. Results Significantly increased new bone formation was found in the IMC group based on micro-computed tomography and histological evaluation (P<0.05). Transcriptional analysis revealed that the early process of IMC-guided bone regeneration involves the overexpression of genes mainly associated with inflammation, immune response, skeletal development, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and the Wnt signaling pathway. The roles of the Wnt signaling pathway-related factors Wnt5a, β-catenin, and Axin2 were further confirmed both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion The IMC bone scaffold materials significantly enhanced bone regeneration via activation of the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research, Institute of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China,
| | - Zheyi Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, .,Institute for Clinical Research and Application of Sunny Dental, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyao Zhang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research, Institute of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China,
| | - Jiannan Liu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research, Institute of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China,
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,
| | - Song Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,
| | - Chenping Zhang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research, Institute of Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China,
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18
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Wieczorek E, Chitruń A, Ożyhar A. Destabilised human transthyretin shapes the morphology of calcium carbonate crystals. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1863:313-324. [PMID: 30394286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human transthyretin (TTR) is a homotetramer that transports thyroid hormones and retinol in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid. TTR is also an intracellular protein found in tissues such as those in the brain, eye and pancreas. TTR is a nutrition marker, reflecting the health of the organism, and TTR levels are linked to the normal and diseased states of the body. The switch from a protective to a pathological role is attributed to the destabilisation of the TTR structure, which leads to tetramer dissociation and amyloid formation. Native and destabilised TTR have been associated with osteoarthritis and bone density in humans. Moreover, TTR is present in eggshell mammillary cones; therefore, we verified the putative TTR engagement in the process of mineral formation. Using an in vitro assay, we found that TTR affected calcium carbonate crystal growth and morphology, producing asymmetric crystals with a complex nanocrystalline composition. The crystals possessed rounded edges and corners and irregular etch pits, suggesting the selective inhibition of crystal growth and/or dissolution imposed by TTR. The occurrence of many porosities, fibrillary inclusions and amorphous precipitates suggested that destabilisation of the TTR structure is an important factor involved in the mineralisation process. Crystals grown in the presence of TTR exhibited the characteristic features of crystals controlled by biomineralisation-active proteins, suggesting novel functions of TTR in the mineral formation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Wieczorek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anna Chitruń
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ożyhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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19
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Do Neuroendocrine Peptides and Their Receptors Qualify as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Osteoarthritis? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020367. [PMID: 29373492 PMCID: PMC5855589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Joint tissues like synovium, articular cartilage, meniscus and subchondral bone, are targets for neuropeptides. Resident cells of these tissues express receptors for various neuroendocrine-derived peptides including proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides, i.e., α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and β-endorphin (β-ED), and sympathetic neuropeptides like vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and neuropeptide y (NPY). Melanocortins attained particular attention due to their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in several tissues and organs. In particular, α-MSH, ACTH and specific melanocortin-receptor (MCR) agonists appear to have promising anti-inflammatory actions demonstrated in animal models of experimentally induced arthritis and osteoarthritis (OA). Sympathetic neuropeptides have obtained increasing attention as they have crucial trophic effects that are critical for joint tissue and bone homeostasis. VIP and NPY are implicated in direct and indirect activation of several anabolic signaling pathways in bone and synovial cells. Additionally, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) proved to be chondroprotective and, thus, might be a novel target in OA. Taken together, it appears more and more likely that the anabolic effects of these neuroendocrine peptides or their respective receptor agonists/antagonists may be exploited for the treatment of patients with inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases in the future.
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20
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Li Z, Pan J, Ma J, Zhang Z, Bai Y. Microarray gene expression of periosteum in spontaneous bone regeneration of mandibular segmental defects. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13535. [PMID: 29051537 PMCID: PMC5648814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous bone regeneration could occur to reestablish mandibular bony continuity in patients who underwent partial or total mandibulectomy for tumors with periosteum-preserving. However, scarce data is available related to the precise role of periosteum in this bone regeneration. Therefore we aimed to investigate the gene expression of periosteum that were involved in the mandibular bone regeneration. Mandibular segmental defects were created in six mini-pigs with periosteum preserved. The periosteum of defects and control site were harvested at 1 and 2 weeks. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the mechanisms concerning immature wound healing were clearly up-regulated at week 1. In contrast, by week-2, the GO categories of skeletal development, ossification and bone mineralization were significantly over-represented at week-2 with several genes encoding cell differentiation, extracellular matrix formation, and anatomical structure development. Furthermore, Tgfβ/Bmp, Wnt and Notch signaling were all related to the osteogenic process in this study. Besides osteogenesis, genes related to angiogenesis and neurogenesis were also prominent at week-2. These findings revealed that the gene expression profile of the periosteum’s cells participating in bone regeneration varied in different time points, and numbers of candidate genes that differentially expressed during early healing stages of intramembranous bone regeneration were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyi Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juli Pan
- School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinling Ma
- School of Stomatology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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21
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Salvi GE, Bosshardt DD, Lang NP, Abrahamsson I, Berglundh T, Lindhe J, Ivanovski S, Donos N. Temporal sequence of hard and soft tissue healing around titanium dental implants. Periodontol 2000 2017; 68:135-52. [PMID: 25867984 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present review was to summarize the evidence available on the temporal sequence of hard and soft tissue healing around titanium dental implants in animal models and in humans. A search was undertaken to find animal and human studies reporting on the temporal dynamics of hard and soft tissue integration of titanium dental implants. Moreover, the influence of implant surface roughness and chemistry on the molecular mechanisms associated with osseointegration was also investigated. The findings indicated that the integration of titanium dental implants into hard and soft tissue represents the result of a complex cascade of biological events initiated by the surgical intervention. Implant placement into alveolar bone induces a cascade of healing events starting with clot formation and continuing with the maturation of bone in contact with the implant surface. From a genetic point of view, osseointegration is associated with a decrease in inflammation and an increase in osteogenesis-, angiogenesis- and neurogenesis-associated gene expression during the early stages of wound healing. The attachment and maturation of the soft tissue complex (i.e. epithelium and connective tissue) to implants becomes established 6-8 weeks following surgery. Based on the findings of the present review it can be concluded that improved understanding of the mechanisms associated with osseointegration will provide leads and targets for strategies aimed at enhancing the clinical performance of titanium dental implants.
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22
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Gu XC, Zhang XB, Hu B, Zi Y, Li M. Neuropeptide Y accelerates post-fracture bone healing by promoting osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. Neuropeptides 2016; 60:61-66. [PMID: 27720230 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fracture repair is a complex yet well orchestrated regenerative process involving numerous signaling and cell types including osteoblasts. Here we showed that NPY, a neurotransmitter with regulatory functions in bone homeostasis, may contribute to the post-fracture bone healing in patients with traumatic brain injury-fracture combined injuries. Our results suggested NPY levels were increased in patients with the combined injuries, accomplished by arising of bone healing markers, such as ALP, OC, PICP and ICTP, than in those with simple fractures, and NPY have direct actions on MSCs to promote their osteogenic differentiation. Our results provided clinical evidences for NPY participating in the bone healing process in a nonhypothalamic manner, most probably by directly promoting osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chuan Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Minhang District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zi
- Department of Emergency, 463rd Hospital of PLA, Shenyang 110042, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Glorie L, D'Haese PC, Verhulst A. Boning up on DPP4, DPP4 substrates, and DPP4-adipokine interactions: Logical reasoning and known facts about bone related effects of DPP4 inhibitors. Bone 2016; 92:37-49. [PMID: 27535784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a conserved exopeptidase with an important function in protein regulation. The activity of DPP4, an enzyme which can either be anchored to the plasma membrane or circulate free in the extracellular compartment, affects the glucose metabolism, cellular signaling, migration and differentiation, oxidative stress and the immune system. DPP4 is also expressed on the surface of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes, and was found to play a role in collagen metabolism. Many substrates of DPP4 have an established role in bone metabolism, among which are incretins, gastrointestinal peptides and neuropeptides. In general, their effects favor bone formation, but some effects are complex and have not been completely elucidated. DPP4 and some of its substrates are known to interact with adipokines, playing an essential role in the energy metabolism. The prolongation of the half-life of incretins through DPP4 inhibition led to the development of these inhibitors to improve glucose tolerance in diabetes. Current literature indicates that the inhibition of DPP4 activity might also result in a beneficial effect on the bone metabolism, but the long-term effect of DPP4 inhibition on fracture outcome has not been entirely established. Diabetic as well as postmenopausal osteoporosis is associated with an increased activity of DPP4, as well as a shift in the expression levels of DPP4 substrates, their receptors, and adipokines. The interactions between these factors and their relationship in bone metabolism are therefore an interesting field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Glorie
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Patrick C D'Haese
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Anja Verhulst
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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Alves CJ, Alencastre IS, Neto E, Ribas J, Ferreira S, Vasconcelos DM, Sousa DM, Summavielle T, Lamghari M. Bone Injury and Repair Trigger Central and Peripheral NPY Neuronal Pathways. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165465. [PMID: 27802308 PMCID: PMC5089690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone repair is a specialized type of wound repair controlled by complex multi-factorial events. The nervous system is recognized as one of the key regulators of bone mass, thereby suggesting a role for neuronal pathways in bone homeostasis. However, in the context of bone injury and repair, little is known on the interplay between the nervous system and bone. Here, we addressed the neuropeptide Y (NPY) neuronal arm during the initial stages of bone repair encompassing the inflammatory response and ossification phases in femoral-defect mouse model. Spatial and temporal analysis of transcriptional and protein levels of NPY and its receptors, Y1R and Y2R, reported to be involved in bone homeostasis, was performed in bone, dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and hypothalamus after femoral injury. The results showed that NPY system activity is increased in a time- and space-dependent manner during bone repair. Y1R expression was trigged in both bone and DRG throughout the inflammatory phase, while a Y2R response was restricted to the hypothalamus and at a later stage, during the ossification step. Our results provide new insights into the involvement of NPY neuronal pathways in bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília J. Alves
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês S. Alencastre
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Estrela Neto
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - João Ribas
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Ferreira
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel M. Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade de Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela M. Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Summavielle
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade de Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Marongiu M, Marcia L, Pelosi E, Lovicu M, Deiana M, Zhang Y, Puddu A, Loi A, Uda M, Forabosco A, Schlessinger D, Crisponi L. FOXL2 modulates cartilage, skeletal development and IGF1-dependent growth in mice. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 15:27. [PMID: 26134413 PMCID: PMC4489133 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-015-0072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haploinsufficiency of the FOXL2 transcription factor in humans causes Blepharophimosis/Ptosis/Epicanthus Inversus syndrome (BPES), characterized by eyelid anomalies and premature ovarian failure. Mice lacking Foxl2 recapitulate human eyelid/forehead defects and undergo female gonadal dysgenesis. We report here that mice lacking Foxl2 also show defects in postnatal growth and embryonic bone and cartilage formation. METHODS Foxl2 (-/-) male mice at different stages of development have been characterized and compared to wild type. Body length and weight were measured and growth curves were created. Skeletons were stained with alcian blue and/or alizarin red. Bone and cartilage formation was analyzed by Von Kossa staining and immunofluorescence using anti-FOXL2 and anti-SOX9 antibodies followed by confocal microscopy. Genes differentially expressed in skull vaults were evaluated by microarray analysis. Analysis of the GH/IGF1 pathway was done evaluating the expression of several hypothalamic-pituitary-bone axis markers by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Compared to wild-type, Foxl2 null mice are smaller and show skeletal abnormalities and defects in cartilage and bone mineralization, with down-regulation of the GH/IGF1 axis. Consistent with these effects, we find FOXL2 expressed in embryos at 9.5 dpc in neural tube epithelium, in head mesenchyme near the neural tube, and within the first branchial arch; then, starting at 12.5 dpc, expressed in cartilaginous tissue; and at PO and P7, in hypothalamus. CONCLUSIONS Our results support FOXL2 as a master transcription factor in a spectrum of developmental processes, including growth, cartilage and bone formation. Its action overlaps that of SOX9, though they are antagonistic in female vs male gonadal sex determination but conjoint in cartilage and skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Marongiu
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554 km 4500, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.
| | - Loredana Marcia
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554 km 4500, Monserrato, 09042, Italy. .,Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | | | - Mario Lovicu
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554 km 4500, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.
| | - Manila Deiana
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554 km 4500, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.
| | - Yonqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics, NIA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Alessandro Puddu
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554 km 4500, Monserrato, 09042, Italy. .,Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Angela Loi
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554 km 4500, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.
| | - Manuela Uda
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554 km 4500, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.
| | - Antonino Forabosco
- Cante di Montevecchio Association, Genomic Research Center, Fano, Italy.
| | | | - Laura Crisponi
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554 km 4500, Monserrato, 09042, Italy.
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Rodríguez-Carballo E, Gámez B, Méndez-Lucas A, Sánchez-Freutrie M, Zorzano A, Bartrons R, Alcántara S, Perales JC, Ventura F. p38α function in osteoblasts influences adipose tissue homeostasis. FASEB J 2014; 29:1414-25. [PMID: 25550462 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-261891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton acts as an endocrine organ that regulates energy metabolism and calcium and phosphorous homeostasis through the secretion of osteocalcin (Oc) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). However, evidence suggests that osteoblasts secrete additional unknown factors that contribute to the endocrine function of bone. To search for these additional factors, we generated mice with a conditional osteoblast-specific deletion of p38α MAPK known to display profound defects in bone homeostasis. Herein, we show that impaired osteoblast function is associated with a strong decrease in body weight and adiposity (P < 0.01). The differences in adiposity were not associated with diminished caloric intake, but rather reflected 20% increased energy expenditure and the up-regulation of uncoupling protein-1 (Ucp1) in white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) (P < 0.05). These alterations in lipid metabolism and energy expenditure were correlated with a decrease in the blood levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) (40% lower) rather than changes in the serum levels of insulin, Oc, or FGF23. Among all Npy-expressing tissues, only bone and primary osteoblasts showed a decline in Npy expression (P < 0.01). Moreover, the intraperitoneal administration of recombinant NPY partially restored the WAT weight and adipocyte size of p38α-deficient mice (P < 0.05). Altogether, these results further suggest that, in addition to Oc, other bone-derived signals affect WAT and energy expenditure contributing to the regulation of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Rodríguez-Carballo
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gámez
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Méndez-Lucas
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela Sánchez-Freutrie
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Bartrons
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Alcántara
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Perales
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Ventura
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Sousa DM, McDonald MM, Mikulec K, Peacock L, Herzog H, Lamghari M, Little DG, Baldock PA. Neuropeptide Y modulates fracture healing through Y1 receptor signaling. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:1570-8. [PMID: 23733357 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y acting via it's Y1 receptor represents a powerful pathway in the control of bone mass. The global or osteoblast-specific Y1 receptor deletion induces pronounced bone anabolic effects in mice. However, the contribution of Y1 receptor deletion in bone repair/healing remained to be clarified. Therefore, in this study we characterized the role of Y1 receptor deletion in fracture healing. Closed tibial fractures were generated in germline (Y1 (-/-) ) and osteoblastic-specific Y1 receptor knockout mice. The progression of tibial repair monitored from 1- until 6-weeks post-fracture demonstrated that in Y1 (-/-) mice there is a delay in fracture repair, as seen by a decrease in bone callus volume and callus strength. Moreover, the histological features included elevated avascular and cartilage area and consequently delayed cartilage removal, and hence impaired union. Interestingly, this delay in bone repair was not related directly to Y1 receptors expressed by mature osteoblasts. These findings suggest that the global absence of the Y1 receptor delays fracture healing, through impairing the early phases of fracture repair to achieve bony union. The data acquired on the role of Y1 receptor signaling disruption in bone regeneration is critical for the design of future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Sousa
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), NEWTherapies Group, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Transthyretin is a key regulator of myoblast differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63627. [PMID: 23717457 PMCID: PMC3661549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a known carrier protein for thyroxine (T4) and retinol-binding protein in the blood that is primarily synthesized in the liver and choroid plexus of the brain. Herein, we report that the TTR gene is expressed in skeletal muscle tissue and up-regulated during myotube formation in C2C12 cells. TTR silencing (TTRkd) significantly reduced myogenin expression and myotube formation, whereas myogenin silencing (MYOGkd) did not have any effect on TTR gene expression. Both TTRkd and MYOGkd led to a decrease in calcium channel related genes including Cav1.1, STIM1 and Orai1. A significant decrease in intracellular T4 uptake during myogenesis was observed in TTRkd cells. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that TTR initiates myoblast differentiation via affecting expression of the genes involved during early stage of myogenesis and the genes related to calcium channel.
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Matic I, Matthews BG, Kizivat T, Igwe JC, Marijanovic I, Ruohonen ST, Savontaus E, Adams DJ, Kalajzic I. Bone-specific overexpression of NPY modulates osteogenesis. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2013. [PMID: 23196263 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1305278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a peptide involved in the regulation of appetite and energy homeostasis. Genetic data indicates that NPY decreases bone formation via central and peripheral activities. NPY is produced by various cell types including osteocytes and osteoblasts and there is evidence suggesting that peripheral NPY is important for regulation of bone formation. We sought to investigate the role of bone-derived NPY in bone metabolism. METHODS We generated a mouse where NPY was over-expressed specifically in mature osteoblasts and osteocytes (Col2.3NPY) and characterized the bone phenotype of these mice in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS Trabecular and cortical bone volume was reduced in 3-month-old animals, however bone formation rate and osteoclast activity were not significantly changed. Calvarial osteoblast cultures from Col2.3NPY mice also showed reduced mineralization and expression of osteogenic marker genes. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that osteoblast/osteocyte-derived NPY is capable of altering osteogenesis in vivo and in vitro and may represent an important source of NPY for regulation of bone formation. However, it is possible that other peripheral sources of NPY such as the sympathetic nervous system and vasculature also contribute to peripheral regulation of bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Matic
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
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Rendenbach C, Ganswindt S, Seitz S, Barvencik F, Huebner AK, Baranowsky A, Streichert T, Niemeier A, Heeren J, Amling M, Bartelt A, Schinke T. Increased expression of transthyretin in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice is not causative for their major phenotypic abnormalities. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:14-22. [PMID: 22849972 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The hormone leptin is a critical regulator of adipogenesis and energy metabolism. Similarly, leptin-deficient ob/ob mice display various metabolic abnormalities, including not only obesity and insulin resistance, but also hypogonadism and high bone mass. By genome-wide expression analysis using hypothalamus RNA from wild-type and ob/ob mice, we observed the increased expression of the gene for transthyretin (Ttr) in the latter, as confirmed by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction. Because Ttr encodes a carrier protein for retinol transport, and because we further found increased retinol levels in the serum of ob/ob mice, we investigated whether the additional absence of Ttr would influence the ob/ob phenotype. It was found that Ttr-deficient ob/ob mice were indistinguishable from ob/ob littermates in terms of body weight, as well as serum glucose, insulin and cholesterol levels. Although all of these parameters were identical to wild-type controls in Ttr-deficient mice, we found that the sole deletion of Ttr caused a significant increase of trabecular bone mass, bone marrow adiposity and mean adipocyte area in white adipose tissue. Interestingly, all these latter parameters were highest in Ttr-deficient ob/ob mice, and only in these mice did we observe a full penetrance of liver steatosis at 24 weeks of age. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the increased expression of Ttr in ob/ob mice does not cause (but rather attenuates) their phenotypic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rendenbach
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Cenni E, Perut F, Baglìo SR, Fiorentini E, Baldini N. Recent highlights on bone stem cells: a report from Bone Stem Cells 2009, and not only…. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 14:2614-21. [PMID: 20874718 PMCID: PMC4373490 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of stem cells has opened new prospects for the treatment of orthopaedic conditions characterized by large bone defects. However, many issues still exist to which answers are needed before routine, large-scale application becomes possible. Bone marrow stromal cells (MSC), which are clonogenic, multipotential precursors present in the bone marrow stroma, are generally employed for bone regeneration. Stem cells with multilineage differentiation similar to MSC have also been demonstrated in adipose tissue, peripheral blood, umbilical cord and amniotic fluid. Each source presents its own advantages and drawbacks. Unfortunately, no unique surface antigen is expressed by MSC, and this hampers simple MSC enrichment from heterogeneous populations. MSC are identified through a combination of physical, morphological and functional assays. Different in vitro and in vivo models have been described for the research on bone stem cells. These models should predict the in vivo bone healing capacity of MSC and if the induced osteogenesis is similar to the physiological one. Although stem cells offer an exciting possibility of a renewable source of cells and tissues for replacement, orthopaedic applications often represent case reports whereas controlled randomized trials are still lacking. Further biological aspects of bone stem cells should be elucidated and a general consensus on the best models, protocols and proper use of scaffolds and growth factors should be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Cenni
- Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia Ortopedica e Medicina Rigenerativa, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
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Ivanovski S, Hamlet S, Retzepi M, Wall I, Donos N. Transcriptional profiling of “guided bone regeneration” in a critical-size calvarial defect. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 22:382-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ivanovski S, Hamlet S, Salvi G, Huynh-Ba G, Bosshardt D, Lang N, Donos N. Transcriptional profiling of osseointegration in humans. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 22:373-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Donos N, Retzepi M, Wall I, Hamlet S, Ivanovski S. In vivo gene expression profile of guided bone regeneration associated with a microrough titanium surface. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 22:390-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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35
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Franquinho F, Liz MA, Nunes AF, Neto E, Lamghari M, Sousa MM. Neuropeptide Y and osteoblast differentiation - the balance between the neuro-osteogenic network and local control. FEBS J 2010; 277:3664-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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