1
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Huang L, Liu X, Liu Y, Tanveer M, Chen W, Fu W, Wang Q, Guo Y, Shabala S. Revealing mechanistic basis of ameliorating detrimental effects of cadmium in cherry tomatoes by exogenous application of melatonin and brassinosteroids. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116768. [PMID: 39067078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Increased anthropogenic activities over the last decades have led to a gradual increase in cadmium content in the soil, which, due to its high mobility in soil, makes Cd accumulation in plants a serious threat to the health of animals and humans. Plant hormones including melatonin (Mel) and brassinosteroids (BR) are known to provide tolerance against various abiotic stresses. In this work, the role of combined and separate exogenous application of Mel and BR on Cd stress in cherry tomato plants was examined. Cd stress significantly reduced tomato growth by inducing oxidative stress and reduced K+ uptake in roots and shoots. Combined application of Mel and BR reduced detrimental effects of Cd in tomato by (i) reducing Cd accumulation in the shoot; (ii) increasing the activities of different antioxidants (SOD, CAT, APX, GR); (iii) triggering higher expression of genes relating to Cd vacuolar sequestration (Na+/H+ EXCHANGER, SlNHX1; NATURAL RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGE PROTEIN 6, SlNRAMP6), and Cd transport and detoxification (HEAVY-METAL-ASSOCIATED 3, SlHMA3; PLANT CADMIUM RESISTANT 2, SlPCR2); and (iv) improving plant K+ homeostasis and contents in root and shoot. The latter trait was associated with the reduced gene expression of K+-permeable outward rectifying channel (SlGORK3), and transcriptional upregulation of high affinity potassium transporter 5 (SIHAK5) under Cd stress. A separate application of Mel and BR showed tissue-specific regulation of tomato growth and Cd tolerance by regulating antioxidant activities, K+ uptake, Cd uptake, and translocation from root to shoot and their endogenous contents. Melatonin per se was more effective in improving Cd tolerance in shoot while beneficial BR effects were more pronounced in roots, and their combined application was effective in both tissues. Taken together, reported results show tissue-specific regulation of Cd tolerance by Mel and BR in cherry tomato plants and demonstrate the efficiency of combined Mel + BR treatment as a practical tool to reduce Cd accumulation and mitigate its negative effects on plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Huang
- International Research Canter for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China.
| | - Xing Liu
- International Research Canter for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yue Liu
- International Research Canter for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Mohsin Tanveer
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Wen Chen
- International Research Canter for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Wenxuan Fu
- International Research Canter for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- International Research Canter for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yongjun Guo
- International Research Canter for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Canter for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China; School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Australia.
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2
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Yuan G, Nong T, Hunpatin OS, Shi C, Su X, Wang Q, Liu H, Dai P, Ning Y. Research Progress on Plant Shaker K + Channels. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1423. [PMID: 38794493 PMCID: PMC11125005 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are driven by intricate processes, with the cell membrane serving as a crucial interface between cells and their external environment. Maintaining balance and signal transduction across the cell membrane is essential for cellular stability and a host of life processes. Ion channels play a critical role in regulating intracellular ion concentrations and potentials. Among these, K+ channels on plant cell membranes are of paramount importance. The research of Shaker K+ channels has become a paradigm in the study of plant ion channels. This study offers a comprehensive overview of advancements in Shaker K+ channels, including insights into protein structure, function, regulatory mechanisms, and research techniques. Investigating Shaker K+ channels has enhanced our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing ion absorption and transport in plant cells. This knowledge offers invaluable guidance for enhancing crop yields and improving resistance to environmental stressors. Moreover, an extensive review of research methodologies in Shaker K+ channel studies provides essential reference solutions for researchers, promoting further advancements in ion channel research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yuan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tongjia Nong
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Oluwaseyi Setonji Hunpatin
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chuhan Shi
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoqing Su
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Haobao Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Peigang Dai
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yang Ning
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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3
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Yuan D, Wu X, Jiang X, Gong B, Gao H. Types of Membrane Transporters and the Mechanisms of Interaction between Them and Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:221. [PMID: 38397819 PMCID: PMC10886204 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Membrane transporters are proteins that mediate the entry and exit of substances through the plasma membrane and organellar membranes and are capable of recognizing and binding to specific substances, thereby facilitating substance transport. Membrane transporters are divided into different types, e.g., ion transporters, sugar transporters, amino acid transporters, and aquaporins, based on the substances they transport. These membrane transporters inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through ion regulation, sugar and amino acid transport, hormone induction, and other mechanisms. They can also promote enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions in plants, activate antioxidant enzyme activity, and promote ROS scavenging. Moreover, membrane transporters can transport plant growth regulators, solute proteins, redox potential regulators, and other substances involved in ROS metabolism through corresponding metabolic pathways, ultimately achieving ROS homeostasis in plants. In turn, ROS, as signaling molecules, can affect the activity of membrane transporters under abiotic stress through collaboration with ions and involvement in hormone metabolic pathways. The research described in this review provides a theoretical basis for improving plant stress resistance, promoting plant growth and development, and breeding high-quality plant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hongbo Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; (D.Y.); (X.W.); (X.J.); (B.G.)
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4
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Mendonça M, Vicente CSL, Espada M. Functional Characterization of ShK Domain-Containing Protein in the Plant-Parasitic Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:404. [PMID: 38337937 PMCID: PMC10857297 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
ShK domain-containing proteins are peptides found in different parasitic and venomous organisms. From a previous transcriptomic dataset from Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a plant-parasitic nematode that infects forest tree species, we identified 96 transcripts potentially as ShK domain-containing proteins with unknown function in the nematode genome. This study aimed to characterize and explore the functional role of genes encoding ShK domain-containing proteins in B. xylophilus biology. We selected and functionally analyzed nine candidate genes that are putatively specific to B. xylophilus. In situ hybridization revealed expression of one B. xylophilus ShK in the pharyngeal gland cells, suggesting their delivery into host cells. Most of the transcripts are highly expressed during infection and showed a significant upregulation in response to peroxide products compared to the nematode catalase enzymes. We reported, for the first time, the potential involvement of ShK domain genes in oxidative stress, suggesting that these proteins may have an important role in protecting or modulating the reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity of the host plant during parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Margarida Espada
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies, and Research, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (M.M.); (C.S.L.V.)
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Mallikarjuna MG, Tomar R, Lohithaswa HC, Sahu S, Mishra DC, Rao AR, Chinnusamy V. Genome-wide identification of potassium channels in maize showed evolutionary patterns and variable functional responses to abiotic stresses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108235. [PMID: 38039585 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) channels are essential components of plant biology, mediating not only K ion (K+) homeostasis but also regulating several physiological processes and stress tolerance. In the current investigation, we identified 27 K+ channels in maize and deciphered the evolution and divergence pattern with four monocots and five dicot species. Chromosomal localization and expansion of K+ channel genes showed uneven distribution and were independent of genome size. The dispersed duplication is the major force in expanding K+ channels in the target genomes. The mean Ka/Ks ratio of <0.5 in paralogs and orthologs indicates horizontal and vertical expansions of K+ channel genes under strong purifying selection. The one-to-one K+ channel orthologs were prominent among the closely related species, with higher synteny between maize and the rest of the monocots. Comprehensive K+ channels promoter analysis revealed various cis-regulatory elements mediating stress tolerance with the predominance of MYB and STRE binding sites. The regulatory network showed AP2-EREBP TFs, miR164 and miR399 are prominent regulatory elements of K+ channels. The qRT-PCR analysis of K+ channels and regulatory miRNAs showed significant expressions in response to drought and waterlogging stresses. The present study expanded the knowledge on K+ channels in maize and will serve as a basis for an in-depth functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rakhi Tomar
- Division of Genetics, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | | | - Sarika Sahu
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Dwijesh Chandra Mishra
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Atmakuri Ramakrishna Rao
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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6
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Xu F, Yu F. Sensing and regulation of plant extracellular pH. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:1422-1437. [PMID: 37596188 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
In plants, pH determines nutrient acquisition and sensing, and triggers responses to osmotic stress, whereas pH homeostasis protects the cellular machinery. Extracellular pH (pHe) controls the chemistry and rheology of the cell wall to adjust its elasticity and regulate cell expansion in space and time. Plasma membrane (PM)-localized proton pumps, cell-wall components, and cell wall-remodeling enzymes jointly maintain pHe homeostasis. To adapt to their environment and modulate growth and development, plant cells must sense subtle changes in pHe caused by the environment or neighboring cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that PM-localized cell-surface peptide-receptor pairs sense pHe. We highlight recent advances in understanding how plants perceive and maintain pHe, and discuss future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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7
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Mudrilov MA, Ladeynova MM, Kuznetsova DV, Vodeneev VA. Ion Channels in Electrical Signaling in Higher Plants. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1467-1487. [PMID: 38105018 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792310005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrical signals (ESs) appearing in plants under the action of various external factors play an important role in adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Generation of ES in higher plant cells is associated with activation of Ca2+, K+, and anion fluxes, as well as with changes in the activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase. In the present review, molecular nature of the ion channels contributing to ESs transmission in higher plants is analyzed based on comparison of the data from molecular-genetic and electrophysiological studies. Based on such characteristics of ion channels as selectivity, activation mechanism, and intracellular and tissue localization, those ion channels that meet the requirements for potential participation in ES generation were selected from a wide variety of ion channels in higher plants. Analysis of the data of experimental studies performed on mutants with suppressed or enhanced expression of a certain channel gene revealed those channels whose activation contributes to ESs formation. The channels responsible for Ca2+ flux during generation of ESs include channels of the GLR family, for K+ flux - GORK, for anions - MSL. Consideration of the prospects of further studies suggests the need to combine electrophysiological and genetic approaches along with analysis of ion concentrations in intact plants within a single study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A Mudrilov
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky National Research State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Maria M Ladeynova
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky National Research State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Darya V Kuznetsova
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky National Research State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, Lobachevsky National Research State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia.
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8
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Hu W, Gu H, Wang K, Lu Z, Li X, Cong R, Ren T, Lu J. Potassium deficiency stress reduces Rubisco activity in Brassica napus leaves by subcellular acidification decreasing photosynthetic rate. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107912. [PMID: 37523826 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Under potassium (K) deficiency photosynthetic carboxylation capacities are limited, affecting the photosynthetic rate of plants. However, it is not clear how ionic K within plants regulates carboxylation capacities. Therefore, the photosynthetic rate (A), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco, EC 4.1.1.39) characteristics, and cytoplasmic pH of Brassica napus leaves with different K levels were measured to evaluate the effects of K on the carboxylation capacity by regulating subcellular pH. The results showed that biochemical limitation dominates the decrease of A. There was a close positive correlation between A and the Rubisco maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax), which was closer than that between A and the maximum electron transport rate. The thresholds of leaf K concentrations causing decreased A, Vcmax, and Rubisco initial activity were consistent and close to 1.0% in the hydroponic experiments and 1.2% in the field experiments. K deficiency resulted in decreased Rubisco activity, which reduced carboxylation capacity. Moreover, the Rubisco initial activities in vitro with sufficient K supply or under K deficiency all were significantly reduced when the pH was decreased. The cytoplasmic pH was kept neutral at 7.5 under sufficient K supply, and decreased as the leaf K concentration declined below the threshold. Acidified cytoplasmic environment caused by K deficiency could not maintain the pH balance of the chloroplasts, leading to decreased Rubisco initial activity and photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshi Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Hehe Gu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kunjiao Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jianwei Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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9
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Wang Q, Li S, Li F, Tian X, Li Z. Identification of Shaker Potassium Channel Family Members in Gossypium hirsutum L. and Characterization of GhKAT1aD. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1461. [PMID: 37511836 PMCID: PMC10381577 DOI: 10.3390/life13071461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
K+ channels of the Shaker family have been shown to play crucial roles in K+ uptake and transport. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is an important cash crop. In this study, the 24 Shaker family genes were identified in cotton. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that they were assigned to five clusters. Additionally, their chromosomal location, conserved motifs and gene structure were analyzed. The promoter of cotton Shaker K+ channel genes comprises drought-, low-temperature-, phytohormone-response elements, etc. As indicated by qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR), cotton Shaker K+ channel genes responded to low K+ and NaCl, and especially dehydration stress, at the transcript level. Moreover, one of the Shaker K+ channel genes, GhKAT1aD, was characterized. This gene is localized in the plasma membrane and is predicted to contain six transmembrane segments. It restored the growth of the yeast mutant strain defective in K+ uptake, and silencing GhKAT1a via VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) resulted in more severe symptoms of K+ deficiency in cotton leaves as well as a lower net K+ uptake rate. The results of this study showed the overall picture of the cotton Shaker K+ channel family regarding bioinformatics as well as the function of one of its members, which provide clues for future investigations of cotton K+ transport and molecular insights for breeding K+-efficient cotton varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fangjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
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10
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De Rosa A, McGaughey S, Magrath I, Byrt C. Molecular membrane separation: plants inspire new technologies. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:33-54. [PMID: 36683439 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants draw up their surrounding soil solution to gain water and nutrients required for growth, development and reproduction. Obtaining adequate water and nutrients involves taking up both desired and undesired elements from the soil solution and separating resources from waste. Desirable and undesirable elements in the soil solution can share similar chemical properties, such as size and charge. Plants use membrane separation mechanisms to distinguish between different molecules that have similar chemical properties. Membrane separation enables distribution or retention of resources and efflux or compartmentation of waste. Plants use specialised membrane separation mechanisms to adapt to challenging soil solution compositions and distinguish between resources and waste. Coordination and regulation of these mechanisms between different tissues, cell types and subcellular membranes supports plant nutrition, environmental stress tolerance and energy management. This review considers membrane separation mechanisms in plants that contribute to specialised separation processes and highlights mechanisms of interest for engineering plants with enhanced performance in challenging conditions and for inspiring the development of novel industrial membrane separation technologies. Knowledge gained from studying plant membrane separation mechanisms can be applied to developing precision separation technologies. Separation technologies are needed for harvesting resources from industrial wastes and transitioning to a circular green economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria De Rosa
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 2601, ACT, Acton, Australia
| | - Samantha McGaughey
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 2601, ACT, Acton, Australia
| | - Isobel Magrath
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 2601, ACT, Acton, Australia
| | - Caitlin Byrt
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 2601, ACT, Acton, Australia
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11
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Gong J, Wang Z, Guo Z, Yao L, Zhao C, Lin S, Ma S, Shen Y. DORN1 and GORK regulate stomatal closure in Arabidopsis mediated by volatile organic compound ethyl vinyl ketone. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123503. [PMID: 36736975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Evk (ethyl vinyl ketone) is a signal substance for plant defense, but little is known about how evk mediates stomatal closure. Through stomatal biology experiments, we found that evk can mediate stomatal closure, and stomatal closure is weakened when DORN1 (DOES NOT RESPOND TO NUCLEOTIDES 1) and GORK (GATED OUTWARDLY-RECTIFYING K+ CHANNEL) are mutated. In addition, it was found by non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) that the K+ efflux mediated by evk was significantly weakened when DORN and GORK were mutated. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), firefly luciferase complementation imaging (LCI), and in vitro pull-down assays demonstrated that DORN1 and GORK could interact in vitro and in vivo. It was found by molecular docking that evk could combine with MRP (Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein), thus affecting ATP transport, promoting eATP (extracellular ATP) concentration increase and realizing downstream signal transduction. Through inoculation of botrytis cinerea, it was found that evk improved the antibacterial activity of Arabidopsis thaliana. As revealed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), the expression of defense related genes was enhanced by evk treatment. Evk is a potential green antibacterial drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Gong
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhaoyuan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Zhujuan Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lijuan Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Chuanfang Zhao
- Beijing Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Sheng Lin
- Beijing Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Songling Ma
- Beijing Jingtai Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Yingbai Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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12
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Mircea DM, Estrelles E, Al Hassan M, Soriano P, Sestras RE, Boscaiu M, Sestras AF, Vicente O. Effect of Water Deficit on Germination, Growth and Biochemical Responses of Four Potentially Invasive Ornamental Grass Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1260. [PMID: 36986948 PMCID: PMC10053442 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ornamental plant species introduced into new environments can exhibit an invasive potential and adaptability to abiotic stress factors. In this study, the drought stress responses of four potentially invasive ornamental grass species (Cymbopogon citratus, Cortaderia selloana, Pennisetum alopecuroides and P. setaceum) were analysed. Several seed germination parameters were determined under increasing polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) concentrations. Additionally, plants in the vegetative stage were subjected to intermediate and severe water stress treatments for four weeks. All species registered high germination rates in control conditions (no stress treatment), even at high PEG concentrations, except C. citratus, which did not germinate at -1 MPa osmotic potential. Upon applying the water stress treatments, P. alopecuroides plants showed the highest tolerance, and C. citratus appeared the most susceptible to drought. Stress-induced changes in several biochemical markers (photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, antioxidant compounds, root and shoot Na+ and K+ contents), highlighted different responses depending on the species and the stress treatments. Basically, drought tolerance seems to depend to a large extent on the active transport of Na+ and K+ cations to the aerial part of the plants, contributing to osmotic adjustment in all four species and, in the case of the most tolerant P. alopecuroides, on the increasing root K+ concentration under water deficit conditions. The study shows the invasive potential of all species, except C. citratus, in dry areas such as the Mediterranean region, especially in the current climate change scenario. Particular attention should be given to P. alopecuroides, which is widely commercialised in Europe as ornamental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Mircea
- Department of Forestry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Estrelles
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Botanical Garden, University of Valencia, Quart, 80, 46008 Valencia, Spain; (E.E.); (P.S.)
| | - Mohamad Al Hassan
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Plant Sciences, Aeres University of Applied Sciences, 8251 JZ Dronten, The Netherlands
| | - Pilar Soriano
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Botanical Garden, University of Valencia, Quart, 80, 46008 Valencia, Spain; (E.E.); (P.S.)
| | - Radu E. Sestras
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Monica Boscaiu
- Mediterranean Agroforestry Institute (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Adriana F. Sestras
- Department of Forestry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Oscar Vicente
- Institute for the Conservation and Improvement of Valencian Agrodiversity (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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13
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Banik S, Dutta D. Membrane Proteins in Plant Salinity Stress Perception, Sensing, and Response. J Membr Biol 2023; 256:109-124. [PMID: 36757456 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-023-00279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants have several mechanisms to endure salinity stress. The degree of salt tolerance varies significantly among different terrestrial crops. Proteins at the plant's cell wall and membrane mediate different physiological roles owing to their critical positioning between two distinct environments. A specific membrane protein is responsible for a single type of activity, such as a specific group of ion transport or a similar group of small molecule binding to exert multiple cellular effects. During salinity stress in plants, membrane protein functions: ion homeostasis, signal transduction, redox homeostasis, and solute transport are essential for stress perception, signaling, and recovery. Therefore, comprehensive knowledge about plant membrane proteins is essential to modulate crop salinity tolerance. This review gives a detailed overview of the membrane proteins involved in plant salinity stress highlighting the recent findings. Also, it discusses the role of solute transporters, accessory polypeptides, and proteins in salinity tolerance. Finally, some aspects of membrane proteins are discussed with potential applications to developing salt tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanhita Banik
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Debajyoti Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India.
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14
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Camarero MC, Briegas B, Corbacho J, Labrador J, Gallardo M, Gomez-Jimenez MC. Characterization of Transcriptome Dynamics during Early Fruit Development in Olive ( Olea europaea L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020961. [PMID: 36674474 PMCID: PMC9864153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the olive (Olea europaea L.), an economically leading oil crop worldwide, fruit size and yield are determined by the early stages of fruit development. However, few detailed analyses of this stage of fruit development are available. This study offers an extensive characterization of the various processes involved in early olive fruit growth (cell division, cell cycle regulation, and cell expansion). For this, cytological, hormonal, and transcriptional changes characterizing the phases of early fruit development were analyzed in olive fruit of the cv. 'Picual'. First, the surface area and mitotic activity (by flow cytometry) of fruit cells were investigated during early olive fruit development, from 0 to 42 days post-anthesis (DPA). The results demonstrate that the cell division phase extends up to 21 DPA, during which the maximal proportion of 4C cells in olive fruits was reached at 14 DPA, indicating that intensive cell division was activated in olive fruits at that time. Subsequently, fruit cell expansion lasted as long as 3 weeks more before endocarp lignification. Finally, the molecular mechanisms controlling the early fruit development were investigated by analyzing the transcriptome of olive flowers at anthesis (fruit set) as well as olive fruits at 14 DPA (cell division phase) and at 28 DPA (cell expansion phase). Sequential induction of the cell cycle regulating genes is associated with the upregulation of genes involved in cell wall remodeling and ion fluxes, and with a shift in plant hormone metabolism and signaling genes during early olive fruit development. This occurs together with transcriptional activity of subtilisin-like protease proteins together with transcription factors potentially involved in early fruit growth signaling. This gene expression profile, together with hormonal regulators, offers new insights for understanding the processes that regulate cell division and expansion, and ultimately fruit yield and olive size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Camarero
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Beatriz Briegas
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jorge Corbacho
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Juana Labrador
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gallardo
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Maria C. Gomez-Jimenez
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Correspondence:
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15
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Manoj KM, Gideon DA, Bazhin NM, Tamagawa H, Nirusimhan V, Kavdia M, Jaeken L. Na,K-ATPase: A murzyme facilitating thermodynamic equilibriums at the membrane-interface. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:109-136. [PMID: 36502470 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The redox metabolic paradigm of murburn concept advocates that diffusible reactive species (DRS, particularly oxygen-centric radicals) are mainstays of physiology, and not mere pathological manifestations. The murburn purview of cellular function also integrates the essential principles of bioenergetics, thermogenesis, homeostasis, electrophysiology, and coherence. In this context, any enzyme that generates/modulates/utilizes/sustains DRS functionality is called a murzyme. We have demonstrated that several water-soluble (peroxidases, lactate dehydrogenase, hemogoblin, etc.) and membrane-embedded (Complexes I-V in mitochondria, Photosystems I/II in chloroplasts, rhodopsin/transducin in rod cells, etc.) proteins serve as murzymes. The membrane protein of Na,K-ATPase (NKA, also known as sodium-potassium pump) is the focus of this article, owing to its centrality in neuro-cardio-musculo electrophysiology. Herein, via a series of critical queries starting from the geometric/spatio-temporal considerations of diffusion/mass transfer of solutes in cells to an update on structural/distributional features of NKA in diverse cellular systems, and from various mechanistic aspects of ion-transport (thermodynamics, osmoregulation, evolutionary dictates, etc.) to assays/explanations of inhibitory principles like cardiotonic steroids (CTS), we first highlight some unresolved problems in the field. Thereafter, we propose and apply a minimalist murburn model of trans-membrane ion-differentiation by NKA to address the physiological inhibitory effects of trans-dermal peptide, lithium ion, volatile anesthetics, confirmed interfacial DRS + proton modulators like nitrophenolics and unsaturated fatty acid, and the diverse classes of molecules like CTS, arginine, oximes, etc. These explanations find a pan-systemic connectivity with the inhibitions/uncouplings of other membrane proteins in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelath Murali Manoj
- Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Kulappully, Shoranur-2, Kerala, India
| | - Daniel A Gideon
- Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Kulappully, Shoranur-2, Kerala, India
| | - Nikolai M Bazhin
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Hirohisa Tamagawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Vijay Nirusimhan
- Satyamjayatu: The Science & Ethics Foundation, Kulappully, Shoranur-2, Kerala, India
| | - Mahendra Kavdia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Laurent Jaeken
- Department of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Karel de Grote-Hogeschool, Antwerp University Association, Antwerp, Belgium
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16
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Khan MN, Singh VP, Corpas FJ, Rodríguez Rosales MP. Closing gaps and opening new avenues for potassium research in plant biology. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 192:141-142. [PMID: 36240600 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Nasir Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/Professor Albareda 1, E-18008, Granada, Spain
| | - María Pilar Rodríguez Rosales
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celulary Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
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17
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External Hemin as an Inhibitor of Mitochondrial Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113391. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (mitoBKCa) is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and seems to play a crucial role in cytoprotection. The mitoBKCa channel is regulated by many modulators, including activators, such as calcium ions and inhibitors, such as heme and its oxidized form hemin. Heme/hemin binds to the heme-binding motif (CXXCH) located between two RCK domains present in the mitochondrial matrix. In the present study, we used the patch-clamp technique in the outside-out configuration to record the activity of mitoBKCa channels. This allowed for the application of channel modulators to the intermembrane-space side of the mitoBKCa. We found that hemin applied in this configuration inhibits the activity of mitoBKCa. In addition, we proved that the observed hemin effect is specific and it is not due to its interaction with the inner mitochondrial membrane. Our data suggest the existence of a new potential heme/hemin binding site in the structure of the mitoBKCa channel located on the mitochondrial intermembrane space side, which could constitute a new way for the regulation of mitoBKCa channel activity.
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18
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Guan P, Xie C, Zhao D, Wang L, Zheng C. SES1 is vital for seedling establishment and post-germination growth under high-potassium stress conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14282. [PMID: 36340207 PMCID: PMC9632470 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The potassium ion (K+) plays an important role in maintaining plant growth and development, while excess potassium in the soil can cause stress to plants. The understanding of the molecular mechanism of plant's response to high KCl stress is still limited. Methods At the seed stage, wild type (WT) and SENSITIVE TO SALT1 (SES1) mutants were exposed to different concentrations of potassium treatments. Tolerance was assayed as we compared their performances under stress using seedling establishment rate and root length. Na+content, K+content, and K+/Na+ ratio were determined using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. In addition, the expressions of KCl-responding genes and ER stress-related genes were also detected and analyzed using qRT-PCR. Results SES1 mutants exhibited seedling establishment defects under high potassium concentration conditions and exogenous calcium partially restored the hypersensitivity phenotype of ses1 mutants. The expression of some K+ transporter/channel genes were higher in ses1-2, and the ratio of potassium to sodium (K+/Na+) in ses1-2 roots decreased after KCl treatment compared with WT. Further analysis showed that the ER stress marker genes were dramatically induced by high K+ treatment and much higher expression levels were detected in ses1-2, indicating ses1-2 suffers a more serious ER stress than WT, and ER stress may influence the seedling establishment of ses1-2 under high KCl conditions. Conclusion These results strongly indicate that SES1 is a potassium tolerance relevant molecule that may be related to maintaining the seedling K+/Na+ balance under high potassium conditions during seedling establishment and post-germination growth. Our results will provide a basis for further studies on the biological roles of SES1 in modulating potassium uptake, transport, and adaptation to stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Dongbo Zhao
- Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou, China
| | | | - Chengchao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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19
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Mo Z, Luo W, Pi K, Duan L, Wang P, Ke Y, Zeng S, Jia R, Liang T, Huang Y, Liu R. Comparative transcriptome analysis between inbred lines and hybrids provides molecular insights into K + content heterosis of tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:940787. [PMID: 35991430 PMCID: PMC9389268 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.940787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is essential for crop growth. Increasing the K+ content can often directly promote the improvement of crop yield and quality. Heterosis plays an important role in genetic improvement and leads to genetic gains. We found that the K+ content of tobacco showed significant heterosis, which is highly significant for cultivating tobacco varieties with high K+ content. However, the mechanism by which K+ content heterosis occurs in tobacco leaves is not clear. In this study, a comprehensive comparative transcriptome sequencing analysis of root samples from the hybrid G70 × GDH11 and its parental inbred lines G70 and GDH11 was performed to elucidate the importance of the root uptake capacity of K+ in the formation of heterosis. The results showed that 29.53% and 60.49% of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exhibited dominant and over-dominant expression patterns, respectively. These non-additive upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in GO terms, such as metal ion transport and reaction, ion balance and homeostasis, ion channel activity, root meristem growth, and regulation of root hairs. The KEGG annotation results indicated that these genes were mainly involved in the pathways such as energy metabolism, carbohydrate formation, amino acid metabolism, and signal transduction. Further analysis showed that probable potassium transporter 17 (NtKT17) and potassium transporter 5-like (NtKT5), associated with potassium ion absorption, glutamate receptor 2.2-like and glutamate receptor 2.8-like, associated with ion channel activity, LOC107782957, protein detoxification 42-like, and probable glutamate carboxypeptidase 2, associated with root configuration, showed a significantly higher expression in the hybrids. These results indicated that the over-dominant expression pattern of DEGs played a key role in the heterosis of K+ content in tobacco leaves, and the overexpression of the genes related to K+ uptake, transport, and root development in hybrids helped to improve the K+ content of plants, thus showing the phenomenon of heterosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Mo
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Wen Luo
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kai Pi
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lili Duan
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Pingsong Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuzhou Ke
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shuaibo Zeng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Rongli Jia
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ting Liang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Renxiang Liu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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20
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Zhu H, Yang X, Li Q, Guo J, Ma T, Liu S, Lin S, Zhou Y, Zhao C, Wang J, Sui J. The Sweetpotato Voltage-Gated K + Channel β Subunit, KIbB1, Positively Regulates Low-K + and High-Salinity Tolerance by Maintaining Ion Homeostasis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061100. [PMID: 35741862 PMCID: PMC9222298 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated K+ channel β subunits act as a structural component of Kin channels in different species. The β subunits are not essential to the channel activity but confer different properties through binding the T1 domain or the C-terminal of α subunits. Here, we studied the physiological function of a novel gene, KIbB1, encoding a voltage-gated K+ channel β subunit in sweetpotato. The transcriptional level of this gene was significantly higher in the low-K+-tolerant line than that in the low-K+-sensitive line under K+ deficiency conditions. In Arabidopsis, KIbB1 positively regulated low-K+ tolerance through regulating K+ uptake and translocation. Under high-salinity stress, the growth conditions of transgenic lines were obviously better than wild typr (WT). Enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging were activated in transgenic plants. Accordingly, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the accumulation of ROS such as H2O2 and O2− were lower in transgenic lines under salt stress. It was also found that the overexpression of KIbB1 enhanced K+ uptake, but the translocation from root to shoot was not affected under salt stress. This demonstrates that KIbB1 acted as a positive regulator in high-salinity stress resistance through regulating Na+ and K+ uptake to maintain K+/Na+ homeostasis. These results collectively suggest that the mechanisms of KIbB1 in regulating K+ were somewhat different between low-K+ and high-salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.G.); (T.M.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.G.); (T.M.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (J.W.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050081, China
| | - Qiyan Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.G.); (T.M.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiayu Guo
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.G.); (T.M.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Tao Ma
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.G.); (T.M.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Shuyan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.G.); (T.M.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Shunyu Lin
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.G.); (T.M.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Tuber and Root Crops in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Chunmei Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.G.); (T.M.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Jingshan Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.G.); (T.M.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiongming Sui
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (H.Z.); (X.Y.); (Q.L.); (J.G.); (T.M.); (S.L.); (S.L.); (C.Z.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Zhang B, Guo Y, Wang H, Wang X, Lv M, Yang P, Zhang L. Identification and Characterization of Shaker K + Channel Gene Family in Foxtail Millet ( Setaria italica) and Their Role in Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:907635. [PMID: 35755660 PMCID: PMC9218596 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.907635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is one of the indispensable elements in plant growth and development. The Shaker K+ channel protein family is involved in plant K+ uptake and distribution. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), as an important crop, has strong tolerance and adaptability to abiotic stresses. However, no systematic study focused on the Shaker K+ channel family in foxtail millet. Here, ten Shaker K+ channel genes in foxtail millet were identified and divided into five groups through phylogenetic analysis. Gene structures, chromosome locations, cis-acting regulatory elements in promoter, and post-translation modification sites of Shaker K+ channels were analyzed. In silico analysis of transcript level demonstrated that the expression of Shaker K+ channel genes was tissue or developmental stage specific. The transcription levels of Shaker K+ channel genes in foxtail millet under different abiotic stresses (cold, heat, NaCl, and PEG) and phytohormones (6-BA, BR, MJ, IAA, NAA, GA3, SA, and ABA) treatments at 0, 12, and 24 h were detected by qRT-PCR. The results showed that SiAKT1, SiKAT3, SiGORK, and SiSKOR were worth further research due to their significant responses after most treatments. The yeast complementation assay verified the inward K+ transport activities of detectable Shaker K+ channels. Finally, we found interactions between SiKAT2 and SiSNARE proteins. Compared to research in Arabidopsis, our results showed a difference in SYP121 related Shaker K+ channel regulation mechanism in foxtail millet. Our results indicate that Shaker K+ channels play important roles in foxtail millet and provide theoretical support for further exploring the K+ absorption mechanism of foxtail millet under abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yue Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mengtao Lv
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Pu Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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22
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Zhang R, Dong Q, Zhao P, Eickelkamp A, Ma C, He G, Li F, Wallrad L, Becker T, Li Z, Kudla J, Tian X. The potassium channel GhAKT2bD is regulated by CBL-CIPK calcium signaling complexes and facilitates K + allocation in cotton. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1904-1920. [PMID: 35561107 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Efficient allocation of the essential nutrient potassium (K+ ) is a central determinant of plant ion homeostasis and involves AKT2 K+ channels. Here, we characterize four AKT2 K+ channels from cotton and report that xylem and phloem expressed GhAKT2bD facilitates K+ allocation and that AKT2-silencing impairs plant growth and development. We uncover kinase activity-dependent activation of GhAKT2bD-mediated K+ uptake by AtCBL4-GhCIPK1 calcium signaling complexes in HEK293T cells. Moreover, AtCBL4-AtCIPK6 complexes known to convey activation of AtAKT2 in Arabidopsis also activate cotton GhAKT2bD in HEK293T cells. Collectively, these findings reveal an essential role for AKT2 in the source-sink allocation of K+ in cotton and identify GhAKT2bD as subject to complex regulation by CBL-CIPK Ca2+ sensor-kinase complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Qiuyan Dong
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Panpan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Anna Eickelkamp
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Chunmin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gefeng He
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Fangjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lukas Wallrad
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Becker
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Han B, Cui D, Ma X, Cao G, Zhang H, Koh HJ, Han L. Evidence for evolution and selection of drought-resistant genes based on high-throughput resequencing in weedy rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1949-1962. [PMID: 35179195 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) is a relative of cultivated rice that propagates in paddy fields and has strong drought resistance. In this study, we used 501 rice accessions to reveal the selection mechanism of drought resistance in weedy rice through a combination of selection analysis, genome-wide association studies, gene knockout and overexpression analysis, and Ca2+ and K+ ion flux assays. The results showed that the weedy rice species investigated have gene introgression with cultivated rice, which is consistent with the hypothesis that weedy rice originated from de-domestication of cultivated rice. Regions related to tolerance have particularly diversified during de-domestication and three drought-tolerance genes were identified. Of these, Os01g0800500 was also identified using an assay of the degree of leaf withering under drought, and it was named as PAPH1, encoding a PAP family protein. The drought-resistance capacity of PAPH1-knockout lines was much lower than that of the wild type, while that of overexpression lines was much higher. Concentrations of Ca2+ and K+ were lower in the knockout lines and higher in the overexpression lines compared with those of the wild type, suggesting that PAPH1 plays important roles in coping with drought stress. Our study therefore provides new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying adaptive tolerance to drought in wild rice and highlights potential new resistance genes for future breeding programs in cultivated rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Cui
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoding Ma
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guilan Cao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hee Jong Koh
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, >Korea
| | - Longzhi Han
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ochiai K, Oba K, Oda K, Miyamoto T, Matoh T. Effects of improved sodium uptake ability on grain yields of rice plants under low potassium supply. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e387. [PMID: 35434473 PMCID: PMC9004247 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Sodium uptake is a factor that determines potassium use efficiency in plants as sodium can partially replace potassium in plant cells. Rice (Oryza sativa) roots usually exclude sodium but actively take it up when the plant is deficient in potassium. In rice roots, a sodium transporter OsHKT2;1 mediates active sodium uptake. We previously revealed that variation in the expression of OsHKT2;1 underlies the variation in sodium accumulation between a low-sodium-accumulating indica cultivar, IR64, and a high-sodium-accumulating japonica cultivar, Koshihikari. In the present study, we evaluated IR64 and its near-isogenic line IR64-K carrying OsHKT2;1 and neighboring genes inherited from Koshihikari for grain yield. IR64-K had a greater average grain yield and harvest index than IR64 in a pot culture experiment with three levels of potassium fertilizer. The differences were most significant under treatment without the potassium fertilizer. IR64-K also showed a slightly higher grain yield than IR64 when grown in a paddy field without applying the potassium fertilizer. These results suggest that enhanced sodium uptake ability improves the grain yield of rice plants under low-potassium-input conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Ochiai
- Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kousuke Oba
- Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kanoko Oda
- Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Takuji Miyamoto
- Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Present address:
Sakeology CenterNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Toru Matoh
- Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Kyoto Agriculture Research Institute (Kyoto Nogyo no Kenkyusho)KyotoJapan
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25
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Kalliola R, Linna A, Ruokolainen K, Tyystjärvi E, Lange C. Foliar element distributions in Guadua bamboo, a major forest dominant in southwestern Amazonia. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSilica is the best-known component filling the spaces that form phytoliths in many plants, but phytoliths may also contain other elements. We used scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) to map element distributions in the leaves of Guadua bamboo, which is a successful competitor in southwestern Amazonian forests. We emphasize immobile elements that can be mineralized (silicon and calcium) as well as potassium, an abundant mobile nutrient with many vital functions. We discovered high silicon (Si) content with little or no calcium (Ca) or potassium (K) in bulliform cells, bilobate shaped short cells and stomata, all of which can form phytoliths, and moderately high Si content in the bundle sheet, prickle tips and papillae. K often surrounded Si-loaded cells, Si and K had overlapping distributions in the intercostal areas near vein margins, and Ca showed abundant spotted distribution in the intercostal areas. The dark inside content of the costal zones of some samples in light microscopy showed no mineralization but prominently contained sulfur. Adjacent fusoid cells showed different Si, K and Ca combinations, which may suggest potentially variable functions of these cells. Widespread Si deposition strengthens Guadua bamboo leaves and may help it to outcompete tree species during periods of drought.
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26
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Changes in Morpho-Anatomical and Eco-Physiological Responses of Viburnum tinus L. var lucidum as Modulated by Sodium Chloride and Calcium Chloride Salinization. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Salinity in water and soil is among the major constraints to the cultivation of ornamental crops since it can affect their growth and aesthetic value. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to assess whether the application of two different salts (80 mM NaCl or 53.3 mM CaCl2, with a final ionic concentration of 160 mM) could differently modulate the anatomical and physiological acclimation of an important ornamental species such as Viburnum tinus L. var. lucidum. Eco-physiological analyses (e.g., leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence emission) were performed and leaves were subjected to light microscopy analysis to quantify functional anatomical traits through digital image analysis. Results showed that the two iso-osmotic solutions induced different structure-mediated physiological alterations in V. tinus plants. Photosynthesis was lowered by CaCl2 treatments (−58%) more than by NaCl (−37%), also due to the occurrence of photodamage apart from stomatal limitations. Neither Na+ nor Cl− exhibited toxic effects in leaf lamina structure which was reflected in the limited reduction in dry matter accumulation. Overall data were interpreted focusing on the coordination among leaf structural and functional traits suggesting that the fine control of functional anatomical traits contributes to physiological acclimation to both stressful conditions.
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Yi H, Chen Y, Anderson CT. Turgor pressure change in stomatal guard cells arises from interactions between water influx and mechanical responses of their cell walls. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 3:e12. [PMID: 37077969 PMCID: PMC10095868 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2022.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The ability of plants to absorb CO2 for photosynthesis and transport water from root to shoot depends on the reversible swelling of guard cells that open stomatal pores in the epidermis. Despite decades of experimental and theoretical work, the biomechanical drivers of stomatal opening and closure are still not clearly defined. We combined mechanical principles with a growing body of knowledge concerning water flux across the plant cell membrane and the biomechanical properties of plant cell walls to quantitatively test the long-standing hypothesis that increasing turgor pressure resulting from water uptake drives guard cell expansion during stomatal opening. To test the alternative hypothesis that water influx is the main motive force underlying guard cell expansion, we developed a system dynamics model accounting for water influx. This approach connects stomatal kinetics to whole plant physiology by including values for water flux arising from water status in the plant .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojae Yi
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Author for correspondence: H. Yi, E-mail:
| | - Yintong Chen
- Department of Biology and Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Charles T. Anderson
- Department of Biology and Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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28
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Dreyer I. Nutrient cycling is an important mechanism for homeostasis in plant cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2246-2261. [PMID: 34890457 PMCID: PMC8644529 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Homeostasis in living cells refers to the steady state of internal, physical, and chemical conditions. It is sustained by self-regulation of the dynamic cellular system. To gain insight into the homeostatic mechanisms that maintain cytosolic nutrient concentrations in plant cells within a homeostatic range, we performed computational cell biology experiments. We mathematically modeled membrane transporter systems and simulated their dynamics. Detailed analyses of 'what-if' scenarios demonstrated that a single transporter type for a nutrient, irrespective of whether it is a channel or a cotransporter, is not sufficient to calibrate a desired cytosolic concentration. A cell cannot flexibly react to different external conditions. Rather, at least two different transporter types for the same nutrient, which are energized differently, are required. The gain of flexibility in adjusting a cytosolic concentration was accompanied by the establishment of energy-consuming cycles at the membrane, suggesting that these putatively "futile" cycles are not as futile as they appear. Accounting for the complex interplay of transporter networks at the cellular level may help design strategies for increasing nutrient use efficiency of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Dreyer
- Center of Bioinformatics, Simulation and Modeling (CBSM), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Talca, Talca CL-3460000, Chile
- Author for communication:
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Lana LG, de Araújo LM, Silva TF, Modolo LV. Interplay between gasotransmitters and potassium is a K +ey factor during plant response to abiotic stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:322-332. [PMID: 34837865 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are gasotransmitters known for their roles in plant response to (a)biotic stresses. The crosstalk between these gasotransmitters and potassium ions (K+) has received considerable attention in recent years, particularly due to the dual role of K+ as an essential mineral nutrient and a promoter of plant tolerance to abiotic stress. This review brings together what it is known about the interplay among NO, CO, H2S and K+ in plants with focus on the response to high salinity. Some findings obtained for plants under water deficit and metal stress are also presented and discussed since both abiotic stresses share similarities with salt stress. The molecular targets of the gasotransmitters NO, CO and H2S in root and guard cells that drive plant tolerance to salt stress are highlighted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Gouveia Lana
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lara Matos de Araújo
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thamara Ferreira Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luzia Valentina Modolo
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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30
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Siddique MH, Babar NI, Zameer R, Muzammil S, Nahid N, Ijaz U, Masroor A, Nadeem M, Rashid MAR, Hashem A, Azeem F, Fathi Abd_Allah E. Genome-Wide Identification, Genomic Organization, and Characterization of Potassium Transport-Related Genes in Cajanus cajan and Their Role in Abiotic Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2238. [PMID: 34834601 PMCID: PMC8619154 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Potassium is the most important and abundant inorganic cation in plants and it can comprise up to 10% of a plant's dry weight. Plants possess complex systems of transporters and channels for the transport of K+ from soil to numerous parts of plants. Cajanus cajan is cultivated in different regions of the world as an economical source of carbohydrates, fiber, proteins, and fodder for animals. In the current study, 39 K+ transport genes were identified in C. cajan, including 25 K+ transporters (17 carrier-like K+ transporters (KUP/HAK/KTs), 2 high-affinity potassium transporters (HKTs), and 6 K+ efflux transporters (KEAs) and 14 K+ channels (9 shakers and 5 tandem-pore K+ channels (TPKs). Chromosomal mapping indicated that these genes were randomly distributed among 10 chromosomes. A comparative phylogenetic analysis including protein sequences from Glycine max, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Medicago truncatula Cicer arietinum, and C. cajan suggested vital conservation of K+ transport genes. Gene structure analysis showed that the intron/exon organization of K+ transporter and channel genes is highly conserved in a family-specific manner. In the promoter region, many cis-regulatory elements were identified related to abiotic stress, suggesting their role in abiotic stress response. Abiotic stresses (salt, heat, and drought) adversely affect chlorophyll, carotenoids contents, and total soluble proteins. Furthermore, the activities of catalase, superoxide, and peroxidase were altered in C. cajan leaves under applied stresses. Expression analysis (RNA-seq data and quantitative real-time PCR) revealed that several K+ transport genes were expressed in abiotic stress-responsive manners. The present study provides an in-depth understanding of K+ transport system genes in C. cajan and serves as a basis for further characterization of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hussnain Siddique
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.H.S.); (N.I.B.); (R.Z.); (N.N.); (U.I.)
| | - Naeem Iqbal Babar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.H.S.); (N.I.B.); (R.Z.); (N.N.); (U.I.)
| | - Roshan Zameer
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.H.S.); (N.I.B.); (R.Z.); (N.N.); (U.I.)
| | - Saima Muzammil
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Nazia Nahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.H.S.); (N.I.B.); (R.Z.); (N.N.); (U.I.)
| | - Usman Ijaz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.H.S.); (N.I.B.); (R.Z.); (N.N.); (U.I.)
| | - Ashir Masroor
- Sub-Campus Burewala-Vehari, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Majid Nadeem
- Wheat Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Abdul Rehman Rashid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.H.S.); (N.I.B.); (R.Z.); (N.N.); (U.I.)
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Farrukh Azeem
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (M.H.S.); (N.I.B.); (R.Z.); (N.N.); (U.I.)
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Monder H, Maillard M, Chérel I, Zimmermann SD, Paris N, Cuéllar T, Gaillard I. Adjustment of K + Fluxes and Grapevine Defense in the Face of Climate Change. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10398. [PMID: 34638737 PMCID: PMC8508874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine is one of the most economically important fruit crops due to the high value of its fruit and its importance in winemaking. The current decrease in grape berry quality and production can be seen as the consequence of various abiotic constraints imposed by climate changes. Specifically, produced wines have become too sweet, with a stronger impression of alcohol and fewer aromatic qualities. Potassium is known to play a major role in grapevine growth, as well as grape composition and wine quality. Importantly, potassium ions (K+) are involved in the initiation and maintenance of the berry loading process during ripening. Moreover, K+ has also been implicated in various defense mechanisms against abiotic stress. The first part of this review discusses the main negative consequences of the current climate, how they disturb the quality of grape berries at harvest and thus ultimately compromise the potential to obtain a great wine. In the second part, the essential electrical and osmotic functions of K+, which are intimately dependent on K+ transport systems, membrane energization, and cell K+ homeostasis, are presented. This knowledge will help to select crops that are better adapted to adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssein Monder
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Morgan Maillard
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Isabelle Chérel
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Sabine Dagmar Zimmermann
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Nadine Paris
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Teresa Cuéllar
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398 Montpellier, France;
| | - Isabelle Gaillard
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
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32
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Réthoré E, Jing L, Ali N, Yvin JC, Pluchon S, Hosseini SA. K Deprivation Modulates the Primary Metabolites and Increases Putrescine Concentration in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:681895. [PMID: 34484256 PMCID: PMC8409508 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.681895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) plays a crucial role in plant growth and development and is involved in different physiological and biochemical functions in plants. Brassica napus needs higher amount of nutrients like nitrogen (N), K, phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and boron (B) than cereal crops. Previous studies in B. napus are mainly focused on the role of N and S or combined deficiencies. Hence, little is known about the response of B. napus to K deficiency. Here, a physiological, biochemical, and molecular analysis led us to investigate the response of hydroponically grown B. napus plants to K deficiency. The results showed that B. napus was highly sensitive to the lack of K. The lower uptake and translocation of K induced BnaHAK5 expression and significantly declined the growth of B. napus after 14 days of K starvation. The lower availability of K was associated with a decrease in the concentration of both S and N and modulated the genes involved in their uptake and transport. In addition, the lack of K induced an increase in Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration which led partially to the accumulation of positive charge. Moreover, a decrease in the level of arginine as a positively charged amino acid was observed which was correlated with a substantial increase in the polyamine, putrescine (Put). Furthermore, K deficiency induced the expression of BnaNCED3 as a key gene in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic pathway which was associated with an increase in the levels of ABA. Our findings provided a better understanding of the response of B. napus to K starvation and will be useful for considering the importance of K nutrition in this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Réthoré
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agro Innovation International—TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Lun Jing
- Plateformes Analytiques de Recherche, Agro Innovation International—TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Nusrat Ali
- Plateformes Analytiques de Recherche, Agro Innovation International—TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Jean-Claude Yvin
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agro Innovation International—TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Sylvain Pluchon
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agro Innovation International—TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Seyed Abdollah Hosseini
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agro Innovation International—TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo, France
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Abstract
KdpFABC is an oligomeric K+ transport complex in prokaryotes that maintains ionic homeostasis under stress conditions. The complex comprises a channel-like subunit (KdpA) from the superfamily of K+ transporters and a pump-like subunit (KdpB) from the superfamily of P-type ATPases. Recent structural work has defined the architecture and generated contradictory hypotheses for the transport mechanism. Here, we use substrate analogs to stabilize four key intermediates in the reaction cycle and determine the corresponding structures by cryogenic electron microscopy. We find that KdpB undergoes conformational changes consistent with other representatives from the P-type superfamily, whereas KdpA, KdpC, and KdpF remain static. We observe a series of spherical densities that we assign as K+ or water and which define a pathway for K+ transport. This pathway runs through an intramembrane tunnel in KdpA and delivers ions to sites in the membrane domain of KdpB. Our structures suggest a mechanism where ATP hydrolysis is coupled to K+ transfer between alternative sites in KdpB, ultimately reaching a low-affinity site where a water-filled pathway allows release of K+ to the cytoplasm.
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Britto DT, Coskun D, Kronzucker HJ. Potassium physiology from Archean to Holocene: A higher-plant perspective. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 262:153432. [PMID: 34034042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss biological potassium acquisition and utilization processes over an evolutionary timescale, with emphasis on modern vascular plants. The quintessential osmotic and electrical functions of the K+ ion are shown to be intimately tied to K+-transport systems and membrane energization. Several prominent themes in plant K+-transport physiology are explored in greater detail, including: (1) channel mediated K+ acquisition by roots at low external [K+]; (2) K+ loading of root xylem elements by active transport; (3) variations on the theme of K+ efflux from root cells to the extracellular environment; (4) the veracity and utility of the "affinity" concept in relation to transport systems. We close with a discussion of the importance of plant-potassium relations to our human world, and current trends in potassium nutrition from farm to table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dev T Britto
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Devrim Coskun
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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Li Y, Zheng X, Tian Y, Ma C, Yang S, Wang C. Comparative transcriptome analysis of NaCl and KCl stress response in Malus hupehensis Rehd. Provide insight into the regulation involved in Na + and K + homeostasis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 164:101-114. [PMID: 33975146 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apple is among the most widely cultivated perennial fruit crops worldwide. It is sensitive to salt stress, which seriously affects the growth and productivity of apple trees by destroying the homeostasis of Na+ and K+. Previous studies focused on the molecular mechanism underlying NaCl stress. However, signaling transduction under KCl stress has not been thoroughly studied. RESULTS We comprehensively analyzed the salt tolerance of Malus hupehensis Rehd., which is a widely used rootstock in apple orchards, by using RNA-Seq. Roots and leaves were treated with NaCl and KCl. Based on mapping analyses, a total of 762 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to NaCl and KCl stress in the roots and leaves were identified. Furthermore, we identified seven hub genes by WGCNA Analysis. The Gene Ontology (GO) terms were enriched in ion transmembrane transporter and oxidoreductase activity under NaCl and KCl stress. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways focused on the plant hormone signal transduction and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. We also screened out 28 candidate genes from 762 DEGs and verified their expression by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). All of these enriched genes were closely related to NaCl and KCl stress and take part in mediating the Na+ and K+ homeostasis in M. hupehensis. CONCLUSIONS This transcriptome analysis provides a valuable resource for elucidating the signaling pathway of NaCl and KCl stress and is a substantial genetic resource for discovering genes related to the NaCl and KCl stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yike Tian
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Changqing Ma
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shaolan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Liu J, Li G, Chen L, Gu J, Wu H, Li Z. Cerium oxide nanoparticles improve cotton salt tolerance by enabling better ability to maintain cytosolic K +/Na + ratio. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:153. [PMID: 34034767 PMCID: PMC8146236 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00892-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salinity is a worldwide factor limiting the agricultural production. Cotton is an important cash crop; however, its yield and product quality are negatively affected by soil salinity. Use of nanomaterials such as cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) to improve plant tolerance to stress conditions, e.g. salinity, is an emerged approach in agricultural production. Nevertheless, to date, our knowledge about the role of nanoceria in cotton salt response and the behind mechanisms is still rare. Results We found that PNC (poly acrylic acid coated nanoceria) helped to improve cotton tolerance to salinity, showing better phenotypic performance, higher chlorophyll content (up to 68% increase) and biomass (up to 38% increase), and better photosynthetic performance such as carbon assimilation rate (up to 144% increase) in PNC treated cotton plants than the NNP (non-nanoparticle control) group. Under salinity stress, in consistent to the results of the enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes, PNC treated cotton plants showed significant lower MDA (malondialdehyde, up to 44% decrease) content and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, up to 79% decrease) than the NNP control group, both in the first and second true leaves. Further experiments showed that under salinity stress, PNC treated cotton plants had significant higher cytosolic K+ (up to 84% increase) and lower cytosolic Na+ (up to 77% decrease) fluorescent intensity in both the first and second true leaves than the NNP control group. This is further confirmed by the leaf ion content analysis, showed that PNC treated cotton plants maintained significant higher leaf K+ (up to 84% increase) and lower leaf Na+ content (up to 63% decrease), and thus the higher K+/Na+ ratio than the NNP control plants under salinity stress. Whereas no significant increase of mesophyll cell vacuolar Na+ intensity was observed in PNC treated plants than the NNP control under salinity stress, suggesting that the enhanced leaf K+ retention and leaf Na+ exclusion, but not leaf vacuolar Na+ sequestration are the main mechanisms behind PNC improved cotton salt tolerance. qPCR results showed that under salinity stress, the modulation of HKT1 but not SOS1 refers more to the PNC improved cotton leaf Na+ exclusion than the NNP control. Conclusions PNC enhanced leaf K+ retention and Na+ exclusion, but not vacuolar Na+ sequestration to enable better maintained cytosolic K+/Na+ homeostasis and thus to improve cotton salt tolerance. Our results add more knowledge for better understanding the complexity of plant-nanoceria interaction in terms of nano-enabled plant stress tolerance. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-00892-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Liu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guangjing Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiangjiang Gu
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Honghong Wu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhaohu Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Musavizadeh Z, Najafi-Zarrini H, Kazemitabar SK, Hashemi SH, Faraji S, Barcaccia G, Heidari P. Genome-Wide Analysis of Potassium Channel Genes in Rice: Expression of the OsAKT and OsKAT Genes under Salt Stress. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:784. [PMID: 34065373 PMCID: PMC8160896 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K+), as a vital element, is involved in regulating important cellular processes such as enzyme activity, cell turgor, and nutrient movement in plant cells, which affects plant growth and production. Potassium channels are involved in the transport and release of potassium in plant cells. In the current study, three OsKAT genes and two OsAKT genes, along with 11 nonredundant putative potassium channel genes in the rice genome, were characterized based on their physiochemical properties, protein structure, evolution, duplication, in silico gene expression, and protein-protein interactions. In addition, the expression patterns of OsAKTs and OsKATs were studied in root and shoot tissues under salt stress using real-time PCR in three rice cultivars. K+ channel genes were found to have diverse functions and structures, and OsKATs showed high genetic divergence from other K+ channel genes. Furthermore, the Ka/Ks ratios of duplicated gene pairs from the K+ channel gene family in rice suggested that these genes underwent purifying selection. Among the studied K+ channel proteins, OsKAT1 and OsAKT1 were identified as proteins with high potential N-glycosylation and phosphorylation sites, and LEU, VAL, SER, PRO, HIS, GLY, LYS, TYR, CYC, and ARG amino acids were predicted as the binding residues in the ligand-binding sites of K+ channel proteins. Regarding the coexpression network and KEGG ontology results, several metabolic pathways, including sugar metabolism, purine metabolism, carbon metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, monoterpenoid biosynthesis, and folate biosynthesis, were recognized in the coexpression network of K+ channel proteins. Based on the available RNA-seq data, the K+ channel genes showed differential expression levels in rice tissues in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, the real-time PCR results revealed that OsAKTs and OsKATs are induced by salt stress in root and shoot tissues of rice cultivars, and OsKAT1 was identified as a key gene involved in the rice response to salt stress. In the present study, we found that the repression of OsAKTs, OsKAT2, and OsKAT2 in roots was related to salinity tolerance in rice. Our findings provide valuable insights for further structural and functional assays of K+ channel genes in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Musavizadeh
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Hamid Najafi-Zarrini
- Department of Plant Breeding, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari 4818166996, Iran; (H.N.-Z.); (S.K.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Seyed Kamal Kazemitabar
- Department of Plant Breeding, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari 4818166996, Iran; (H.N.-Z.); (S.K.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Seyed Hamidreza Hashemi
- Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari 4818166996, Iran;
| | - Sahar Faraji
- Department of Plant Breeding, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari 4818166996, Iran; (H.N.-Z.); (S.K.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Gianni Barcaccia
- Laboratory of Genomics for Breeding, DAFNAE, Campus of Agripolis, University of Padova, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy;
| | - Parviz Heidari
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, Iran
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Wu Q, Su N, Huang X, Cui J, Shabala L, Zhou M, Yu M, Shabala S. Hypoxia-induced increase in GABA content is essential for restoration of membrane potential and preventing ROS-induced disturbance to ion homeostasis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100188. [PMID: 34027398 PMCID: PMC8132176 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
When plants are exposed to hypoxic conditions, the level of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in plant tissues increases by several orders of magnitude. The physiological rationale behind this elevation remains largely unanswered. By combining genetic and electrophysiological approach, in this work we show that hypoxia-induced increase in GABA content is essential for restoration of membrane potential and preventing ROS-induced disturbance to cytosolic K+ homeostasis and Ca2+ signaling. We show that reduced O2 availability affects H+-ATPase pumping activity, leading to membrane depolarization and K+ loss via outward-rectifying GORK channels. Hypoxia stress also results in H2O2 accumulation in the cell that activates ROS-inducible Ca2+ uptake channels and triggers self-amplifying "ROS-Ca hub," further exacerbating K+ loss via non-selective cation channels that results in the loss of the cell's viability. Hypoxia-induced elevation in the GABA level may restore membrane potential by pH-dependent regulation of H+-ATPase and/or by generating more energy through the activation of the GABA shunt pathway and TCA cycle. Elevated GABA can also provide better control of the ROS-Ca2+ hub by transcriptional control of RBOH genes thus preventing over-excessive H2O2 accumulation. Finally, GABA can operate as a ligand directly controlling the open probability and conductance of K+ efflux GORK channels, thus enabling plants adaptation to hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Nana Su
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Huang
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Jin Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- Corresponding author
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Volkov AG, Chua L. Cyclic voltammetry of volatile memristors in the Venus flytrap: short-term memory. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:567-572. [PMID: 33423737 DOI: 10.1071/fp20379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants have sensory, short-term and long-term memory. Possible candidates for memory in plants are memristors; resistors with memory. Memristors have been found in seeds, plants, flowers and fruits. The electrostimulation of plants by bipolar periodic waves can induce electrical responses with fingerprints of volatile or non-volatile memristors. Here, we show that the electrostimulation of the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula Ellis) by unipolar sinusoidal or triangular periodic electrical trains induces electrical responses in plants with fingerprints of volatile memristors. The discovery of volatile generic memristors in plants opens new directions in the modelling and understanding of electrical phenomena in the plant kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Volkov
- Department of Chemistry, Oakwood University, Huntsville, AL 35896, USA; and Corresponding author.
| | - Leon Chua
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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40
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Sagervanshi A, Naeem A, Geilfus CM, Kaiser H, Mühling KH. One-time abscisic acid priming induces long-term salinity resistance in Vicia faba: Changes in key transcripts, metabolites, and ionic relations. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:146-161. [PMID: 33314239 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) priming is known to enhance plant growth and survival under salinity. However, the mechanisms mediating this long-term acclimatization to salt stress are still obscure. Specifically, the long-term transcriptional changes and their effects on ion relations were never investigated. This motivated us to study the long-term (8 days) effect of one-time 24 h root priming treatment with 10 μM ABA on transcription levels of relevant regulated key genes, osmotically relevant metabolites, and ionic concentrations in Vicia faba grown under 50 mM NaCl salinity. The novelty of this study is that we could demonstrate long-term effects of a one-time ABA application. ABA-priming was found to prevent the salt-induced decline in root and shoot dry matter, improved photosynthesis, and inhibited terminal wilting of plants. It substantially increased the mRNA level of AAPK and 14-3-3 ABA inducible kinases and ion transporters (PM H+ -ATPase, VFK1, KUP7, SOS1, and CLC1). These ABA-induced transcriptional changes went along with altered tissue ion patterns. Primed plants accumulated less Na+ and Cl- but more K+ , Ca2+ , Zn2+ , Fe2+ , Mn2+ , NO3 - , and SO4 2- . Priming changed the composition pattern of organic osmolytes under salinity, with glucose and fructose being dominant in unprimed, whereas sucrose was dominant in the primed plants. We conclude that one-time ABA priming mitigates salt stress in Vicia faba by persistently changing transcription patterns of key genes, stabilizing the ionic and osmotic balance, and improving photosynthesis and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sagervanshi
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Asif Naeem
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph-Martin Geilfus
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Division of Controlled Environment Horticulture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kaiser
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karl H Mühling
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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Ródenas R, Ragel P, Nieves-Cordones M, Martínez-Martínez A, Amo J, Lara A, Martínez V, Quintero FJ, Pardo JM, Rubio F. Insights into the mechanisms of transport and regulation of the arabidopsis high-affinity K+ transporter HAK51. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1860-1874. [PMID: 33595056 PMCID: PMC8133630 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The high-affinity K+ transporter HAK5 from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is essential for K+ acquisition and plant growth at low micromolar K+ concentrations. Despite its functional relevance in plant nutrition, information about functional domains of HAK5 is scarce. Its activity is enhanced by phosphorylation via the AtCIPK23/AtCBL1-9 complex. Based on the recently published three-dimensionalstructure of the bacterial ortholog KimA from Bacillus subtilis, we have modeled AtHAK5 and, by a mutational approach, identified residues G67, Y70, G71, D72, D201, and E312 as essential for transporter function. According to the structural model, residues D72, D201, and E312 may bind K+, whereas residues G67, Y70, and G71 may shape the selective filter for K+, which resembles that of K+shaker-like channels. In addition, we show that phosphorylation of residue S35 by AtCIPK23 is required for reaching maximal transport activity. Serial deletions of the AtHAK5 C-terminus disclosed the presence of an autoinhibitory domain located between residues 571 and 633 together with an AtCIPK23-dependent activation domain downstream of position 633. Presumably, autoinhibition of AtHAK5 is counteracted by phosphorylation of S35 by AtCIPK23. Our results provide a molecular model for K+ transport and describe CIPK-CBL-mediated regulation of plant HAK transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyes Ródenas
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Present address: Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, 24 chemin de Borde Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Paula Ragel
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cic-Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Present address: Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Department of Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Almudena Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jesús Amo
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Lara
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Quintero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cic-Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose M Pardo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cic-Cartuja, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Author for communication:
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Do Plasmodesmata Play a Prominent Role in Regulation of Auxin-Dependent Genes at Early Stages of Embryogenesis? Cells 2021; 10:cells10040733. [PMID: 33810252 PMCID: PMC8066550 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodesmata form intercellular channels which ensure the transport of various molecules during embryogenesis and postembryonic growth. However, high permeability of plasmodesmata may interfere with the establishment of auxin maxima, which are required for cellular patterning and the development of distinct tissues. Therefore, diffusion through plasmodesmata is not always desirable and the symplastic continuum must be broken up to induce or accomplish some developmental processes. Many data show the role of auxin maxima in the regulation of auxin-responsive genes and the establishment of various cellular patterns. However, still little is known whether and how these maxima are formed in the embryo proper before 16-cell stage, that is, when there is still a nonpolar distribution of auxin efflux carriers. In this work, we focused on auxin-dependent regulation of plasmodesmata function, which may provide rapid and transient changes of their permeability, and thus take part in the regulation of gene expression.
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Coêlho MRV, Rivas R, Ferreira-Neto JRC, Bezerra-Neto JP, Pandolfi V, Benko-Iseppon AM, Santos MG. Salt tolerance of Calotropis procera begins with immediate regulation of aquaporin activity in the root system. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:457-468. [PMID: 33854276 PMCID: PMC7981346 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00957-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The ability to respond quickly to salt stress can determine the tolerance level of a species. Here, we test how rapidly the roots of Calotropis procera react to high salinity conditions. In the first 24 h after saline exposure, the plants reduced stomatal conductance, increased CO2 assimilation, and water use efficiency. Thus, the root tissue showed an immediate increase in soluble sugars, free amino acid, and soluble protein contents. Twelve aquaporins showed differential gene expression in the roots of C. procera under salinity. Transcriptional upregulation was observed only after 2 h, with greater induction of CpTIP1.4 (fourfold). Transcriptional downregulation, in turn, occurred mainly after 8 h, with the largest associated with CpPIP1.2 (fourfold). C. procera plants responded quickly to high saline levels. Our results showed a strong stomatal control associated with high free amino acid and soluble sugar contents, regulated aquaporin expression in roots, and supported the high performance of the root system of C. procera under salinity. Moreover, this species was able to maintain a lower Na+/K+ ratio in the leaves compared to that of the roots of stressed plants. The first response of the root system, after immediate contact with saline solution, present an interesting scenario to discuss. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-00957-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R. V. Coêlho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - Rebeca Rivas
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - José R. C. Ferreira-Neto
- Laboratório de Genética E Biotecnologia Vegetal, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - João P. Bezerra-Neto
- Laboratório de Genética E Biotecnologia Vegetal, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - Valesca Pandolfi
- Laboratório de Genética E Biotecnologia Vegetal, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Laboratório de Genética E Biotecnologia Vegetal, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - Mauro G. Santos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901 Brazil
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Sánchez-McSweeney A, González-Gordo S, Aranda-Sicilia MN, Rodríguez-Rosales MP, Venema K, Palma JM, Corpas FJ. Loss of function of the chloroplast membrane K +/H + antiporters AtKEA1 and AtKEA2 alters the ROS and NO metabolism but promotes drought stress resilience. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 160:106-119. [PMID: 33485149 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) exerts key physiological functions such as osmoregulation, stomatal movement, membrane transport, protein synthesis and photosynthesis among others. Previously, it was demonstrated in Arabidopsis thaliana that the loss of function of the chloroplast K+Efflux Antiporters KEA1 and KEA2, located in the inner envelope membrane, provokes inefficient photosynthesis. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the potential impact of the loss of function of those cation transport systems in the metabolism of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). Using 14-day-old seedlings from Arabidopsis double knock-out kea1kea2 mutants, ROS metabolism and NO content in roots and green cotyledons were studied at the biochemical level. The loss of function of AtKEA1 and AtKEA2 did not cause oxidative stress but it provoked an alteration of the ROS homeostasis affecting some ROS-generating enzymes. These included glycolate oxidase (GOX) and NADPH-dependent superoxide generation activity, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and both NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase and NADP-malic enzyme activities. NO content, analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), was negatively affected in both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organs in kea1kea2 mutant seedlings. Furthermore, the S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) protein expression and activity were downregulated in kea1kea2 mutants, whereas the tyrosine nitrated protein profile, analyzed by immunoblot, was unaffected but the relative expression of each immunoreactive band changed. Moreover, kea1kea2 mutants showed an increased photorespiratory pathway and stomata closure, thus promoting a higher resilience to drought stress. Data suggest that the chloroplast osmotic balance and integrity maintained by AtKEA1 and AtKEA2 are necessary to keep the balance of ROS/RNS metabolism. Moreover, these data open new questions about how endogenous NO generation might be affected by the K+/H+ transport located in the chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salvador González-Gordo
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Spain
| | - María Nieves Aranda-Sicilia
- Group of Ion Homeostasis, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - María Pilar Rodríguez-Rosales
- Group of Ion Homeostasis, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Kees Venema
- Group of Ion Homeostasis, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Spain
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Spain.
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Hou P, Wang F, Luo B, Li A, Wang C, Shabala L, Ahmed HAI, Deng S, Zhang H, Song P, Zhang Y, Shabala S, Chen L. Antioxidant Enzymatic Activity and Osmotic Adjustment as Components of the Drought Tolerance Mechanism in Carex duriuscula. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:436. [PMID: 33668813 PMCID: PMC7996351 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Drought stress is a major environmental constraint for plant growth. Climate-change-driven increases in ambient temperatures resulted in reduced or unevenly distributed rainfalls, leading to increased soil drought. Carex duriuscula C. A. Mey is a typical drought-tolerant sedge, but few reports have examined the mechanisms conferring its tolerant traits. In the present study, the drought responses of C. duriuscula were assessed by quantifying activity of antioxidant enzymes in its leaf and root tissues and evaluating the relative contribution of organic and inorganic osmolyte in plant osmotic adjustment, linking it with the patterns of the ion acquisition by roots. Two levels of stress-mild (MD) and severe (SD) drought treatments-were used, followed by re-watering. Drought stress caused reduction in a relative water content and chlorophyll content of leaves; this was accompanied by an increase in the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2-) contents in leaves and roots. Under MD stress, the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) increased in leaves, whereas, in roots, only CAT and POD activities increased. SD stress led to an increase in the activities of CAT, POD, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and GPX in both tissues. The levels of proline, soluble sugars, and soluble proteins in the leaves also increased. Under both MD and SD stress conditions, C. duriuscula increased K+, Na+, and Cl- uptake by plant roots, which resulted in an increased K+, Na+, and Cl- concentrations in leaves and roots. This reliance on inorganic osmolytes enables a cost-efficient osmotic adjustment in C. duriuscula. Overall, this study revealed that C. duriuscula was able to survive arid environments due to an efficient operation of its ROS-scavenging systems and osmotic adjustment mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peichen Hou
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (P.H.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (C.W.)
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7001, Australia; (L.S.); (H.A.I.A.)
| | - Feifei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Bin Luo
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (P.H.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Aixue Li
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (P.H.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Cheng Wang
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (P.H.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7001, Australia; (L.S.); (H.A.I.A.)
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Hassan Ahmed Ibraheem Ahmed
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7001, Australia; (L.S.); (H.A.I.A.)
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Shurong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, The Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (S.D.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Huilong Zhang
- Tianjin Research Institute of Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Tianjin 300000, China;
| | - Peng Song
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, The Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (S.D.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7001, Australia; (L.S.); (H.A.I.A.)
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (P.H.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (C.W.)
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Sardans J, Peñuelas J. Potassium Control of Plant Functions: Ecological and Agricultural Implications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:419. [PMID: 33672415 PMCID: PMC7927068 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Potassium, mostly as a cation (K+), together with calcium (Ca2+) are the most abundant inorganic chemicals in plant cellular media, but they are rarely discussed. K+ is not a component of molecular or macromolecular plant structures, thus it is more difficult to link it to concrete metabolic pathways than nitrogen or phosphorus. Over the last two decades, many studies have reported on the role of K+ in several physiological functions, including controlling cellular growth and wood formation, xylem-phloem water content and movement, nutrient and metabolite transport, and stress responses. In this paper, we present an overview of contemporary findings associating K+ with various plant functions, emphasizing plant-mediated responses to environmental abiotic and biotic shifts and stresses by controlling transmembrane potentials and water, nutrient, and metabolite transport. These essential roles of K+ account for its high concentrations in the most active plant organs, such as leaves, and are consistent with the increasing number of ecological and agricultural studies that report K+ as a key element in the function and structure of terrestrial ecosystems, crop production, and global food security. We synthesized these roles from an integrated perspective, considering the metabolic and physiological functions of individual plants and their complex roles in terrestrial ecosystem functions and food security within the current context of ongoing global change. Thus, we provide a bridge between studies of K+ at the plant and ecological levels to ultimately claim that K+ should be considered at least at a level similar to N and P in terrestrial ecological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain;
- CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain;
- CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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Zheng X, Li Y, Xi X, Ma C, Sun Z, Yang X, Li X, Tian Y, Wang C. Exogenous Strigolactones alleviate KCl stress by regulating photosynthesis, ROS migration and ion transport in Malus hupehensis Rehd. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 159:113-122. [PMID: 33359960 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In recent years, the application of large amounts of potash fertilizer in apple orchards leads to worsening KCl stress. Strigolactone (SL), as a novel phytohormone, reportedly participates in plant tolerance to NaCl and drought stresses. However, the underlying mechanism and the effects of exogenous SL on the KCl stress of apple seedlings remain unclear. METHODS We sprayed different concentrations of exogenous SL on Malus hupehensis Rehd. under KCl stress and measured the physiological indexes like, photosynthetic parameter, content of ROS, osmolytes and mineral element. In addition, the expressions of KCl-responding genes and SL-signaling genes were also detected and analyzed. RESULTS Application of exogenous SL protected the chlorophyll and maintained the photosynthetic rate of apple seedlings under KCl stress. Exogenous SL strengthened the enzyme activities of peroxidase and catalase, thereby eliminating reactive oxygen species production induced by KCl stress, promoting the accumulation of proline, and maintaining osmotic balance. Exogenous SL expelled K+ outside of the cytoplasm and compartmentalized K+ into the vacuole, increased the contents of Na+, Mg2+, Fe2+, and Mn2+ in the cytoplasm to maintain the ion homeostasis under KCl stress. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous SL can regulate photosynthesis, ROS migration and ion transport in apple seedlings to alleviate KCl stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiangli Xi
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Changqing Ma
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhijuan Sun
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China; College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xueqing Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yike Tian
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Kanjevac M, Bojović B, Todorović M, Stanković M. Effect of seed halopriming on improving salt tolerance in Raphanus sativus L. KRAGUJEVAC JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/kgjsci2143087k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, effect of halopriming on germination, initial growth and development of radish under salt stress conditions was investigated. The seeds were treated with different concentrations salts of calcium, potassium, and sodium chloride (CaCl2, KCl, NaCl, respectively) in the form of a standard germination method and priming method, which involves modification of the metabolic activity of seeds in the pregerminative phase. The obtained results showed that all applied salts had inhibitory effects on germination characteristics (GP, RG and U, except MTG) and development of radish seedlings (shoot and root elongation, weight and vigour). Halopriming contributed to the improvement of tolerance to stress conditions, because the obtained values of all germination and growth characteristics were significantly increased. The best effect being achieved by priming with CaCl2 for germination characteristics and vigour and with KCl for initial development.
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49
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Jin R, Zhang A, Sun J, Chen X, Liu M, Zhao P, Jiang W, Tang Z. Identification of Shaker K + channel family members in sweetpotato and functional exploration of IbAKT1. Gene 2020; 768:145311. [PMID: 33220344 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Shaker K+ channel family plays a vital role in potassium absorption and stress resistance in plants. However little information on the genes family is available about sweetpotato. In the present study, eleven sweetpotato Shaker K+ channel genes were identified and classified into five groups based on phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, and gene structure analyses. Based on synteny analysis, four duplicated gene pairs were identified, derived from both ancient and recent duplication, whereas only one resulted from tandem duplication events. Different expression pattern of Shaker K+ channel genes in roots of Xu32 and NZ1 resulted in different K+ deficiency tolerances, suggesting there is different mechanism of K+ uptake in sweetpotato cultivars with different K+-tolerance levels. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the shaker K+ channel genes responded to drought and high salt stresses. Higher K+ influx under normal condition and lower K+ efflux under K+ deficiency stress were observed in IbAKT1 overexpressing transgenic roots than in adventitious roots, which indicated that IbAKT1 may play an important role in the regulation of K+ deficiency tolerance in sweetpotato. This is the first genome-wide analysis of Shaker K+ channel genes and the first functional analysis of IbAKT1 in sweetpotato. Our results provide valuable information on the gene structure, evolution, expression and functions of the Shaker K+ channel gene family in sweetpotato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jin
- Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou, China
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhonghou Tang
- Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou, China.
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50
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Liu J, Shabala S, Zhang J, Ma G, Chen D, Shabala L, Zeng F, Chen ZH, Zhou M, Venkataraman G, Zhao Q. Melatonin improves rice salinity stress tolerance by NADPH oxidase-dependent control of the plasma membrane K + transporters and K + homeostasis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2591-2605. [PMID: 32196121 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal the mechanistic basis of the melatonin-mediated amelioration of salinity stress in plants. Electrophysiological experiments revealed that melatonin decreased salt-induced K+ efflux (a critical determinant of plant salt tolerance) in a dose- and time-dependent manner and reduced sensitivity of the plasma membrane K+ -permeable channels to hydroxyl radicals. These beneficial effects of melatonin were abolished by NADPH oxidase blocker DPI. Transcriptome analyses revealed that melatonin induced 585 (448 up- and 137 down-regulated) and 59 (54 up- and 5 down-regulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the root tip and mature zone, respectively. The most noticeable changes in the root tip were melatonin-induced increase in the expression of several DEGs encoding respiratory burst NADPH oxidases (OsRBOHA and OsRBOHF), calcineurin B-like/calcineurin B-like-interacting protein kinase (OsCBL/OsCIPK), and calcium-dependent protein kinase (OsCDPK) under salt stress. Melatonin also enhanced the expression of potassium transporter genes (OsAKT1, OsHAK1, and OsHAK5). Taken together, these results indicate that melatonin improves salt tolerance in rice by enabling K+ retention in roots, and that the latter process is conferred by melatonin scavenging of hydroxyl radicals and a concurrent OsRBOHF-dependent ROS signalling required to activate stress-responsive genes and increase the expression of K+ uptake transporters in the root tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guohui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Gayatri Venkataraman
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, India
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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