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Dawiec P, Leszczenko P, Nowakowska AM, Laskowska P, Szydłowski M, Juszczyński P, Baranska M, Mrówka P, Majzner K. Automatic subtyping of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphomas (DLBCL): Raman-based genetic and metabolic classification. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 309:123795. [PMID: 38184880 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in adults, is a genetically and metabolically heterogeneous group of aggressive malignancies. The complexity of their molecular composition and the variability in clinical presentation make clinical diagnosis and treatment selection a serious challenge. The challenge is therefore to quickly and correctly classify DLBCL cells. In this work, we show that Raman imaging is a tool with high diagnostic potential, providing unique information about the biochemical components of tumor cells and their metabolism. We present models of classification of lymphoma cells based on their Raman spectra. The models automatically and efficiently identify DLBCL cells and assign them to a given cell-of-origin (COO) subtype (activated B cell-like (ABC) or germinal center B cell-like (GCB)) or, respectively, to a comprehensive cluster classification (CCC) subtype (OxPhos/non-OxPhos). In addition, we describe each lymphoma subtype by its unique spectral profile, linking it to biochemical, genetic, or metabolic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Dawiec
- Department of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Patrycja Leszczenko
- Department of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna M Nowakowska
- Department of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Laskowska
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Szydłowski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Juszczyński
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Department of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Mrówka
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Majzner
- Department of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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2
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Yadav M, Uikey BN, Rathore SS, Gupta P, Kashyap D, Kumar C, Shukla D, Vijayamahantesh, Chandel AS, Ahirwar B, Singh AK, Suman SS, Priyadarshi A, Amit A. Role of cytokine in malignant T-cell metabolism and subsequent alternation in T-cell tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1235711. [PMID: 37746258 PMCID: PMC10513393 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1235711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are an important component of adaptive immunity and T-cell-derived lymphomas are very complex due to many functional sub-types and functional elasticity of T-cells. As with other tumors, tissues specific factors are crucial in the development of T-cell lymphomas. In addition to neoplastic cells, T- cell lymphomas consist of a tumor micro-environment composed of normal cells and stroma. Numerous studies established the qualitative and quantitative differences between the tumor microenvironment and normal cell surroundings. Interaction between the various component of the tumor microenvironment is crucial since tumor cells can change the microenvironment and vice versa. In normal T-cell development, T-cells must respond to various stimulants deferentially and during these courses of adaptation. T-cells undergo various metabolic alterations. From the stage of quiescence to attention of fully active form T-cells undergoes various stage in terms of metabolic activity. Predominantly quiescent T-cells have ATP-generating metabolism while during the proliferative stage, their metabolism tilted towards the growth-promoting pathways. In addition to this, a functionally different subset of T-cells requires to activate the different metabolic pathways, and consequently, this regulation of the metabolic pathway control activation and function of T-cells. So, it is obvious that dynamic, and well-regulated metabolic pathways are important for the normal functioning of T-cells and their interaction with the microenvironment. There are various cell signaling mechanisms of metabolism are involved in this regulation and more and more studies have suggested the involvement of additional signaling in the development of the overall metabolic phenotype of T cells. These important signaling mediators include cytokines and hormones. The impact and role of these mediators especially the cytokines on the interplay between T-cell metabolism and the interaction of T-cells with their micro-environments in the context of T-cells lymphomas are discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Yadav
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Blessi N. Uikey
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | | | - Priyanka Gupta
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Diksha Kashyap
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Chanchal Kumar
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Dhananjay Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Vijayamahantesh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Arvind Singh Chandel
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Bharti Ahirwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | | | - Shashi Shekhar Suman
- Department of Zoology, Udayana Charya (UR) College, Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, India
| | - Amit Priyadarshi
- Department of Zoology, Veer Kunwar Singh University, Arrah, India
| | - Ajay Amit
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
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3
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Zhu R, Jiang Y, Zhou Z, Zhu S, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Chen S, Zhang Z. Prediction of the postoperative prognosis in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer based on preoperative serum surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:4204-4221. [PMID: 36032588 PMCID: PMC9408240 DOI: 10.1364/boe.465295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a common urinary tumor and has a high recurrence rate due to improper or inadequate conservative treatment. The early and accurate prediction of its recurrence can be helpful to implement timely and rational treatment. In this study, we explored a preoperative serum surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy based prognostic protocol to predict the postoperative prognosis for NMIBC patients at the time even before treatment. The biochemical analysis results suggested that biomolecules related to DNA/RNA, protein substances, trehalose and collagen are expected to be potential prognostic markers, which further compared with several routine clinically used immunohistochemistry expressions with prognostic values. In addition, high prognostic accuracies of 87.01% and 89.47% were achieved by using the proposed prognostic models to predict the future postoperative recurrence and recurrent type, respectively. Therefore, we believe that the proposed method has great potential in the early and accurate prediction of postoperative prognosis in patients with NMIBC, which is with important clinical significance to guide the treatment and further improve the recurrence rate and survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Zhu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110167, China
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Yuanjun Jiang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Zheng Zhou
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Research Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhuoyu Zhang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Zhilin Chen
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110167, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110167, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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4
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Prybutok AN, Yu JS, Leonard JN, Bagheri N. Mapping CAR T-Cell Design Space Using Agent-Based Models. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:849363. [PMID: 35903149 PMCID: PMC9315201 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.849363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy shows promise for treating liquid cancers and increasingly for solid tumors as well. While potential design strategies exist to address translational challenges, including the lack of unique tumor antigens and the presence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, testing all possible design choices in vitro and in vivo is prohibitively expensive, time consuming, and laborious. To address this gap, we extended the modeling framework ARCADE (Agent-based Representation of Cells And Dynamic Environments) to include CAR T-cell agents (CAR T-cell ARCADE, or CARCADE). We conducted in silico experiments to investigate how clinically relevant design choices and inherent tumor features—CAR T-cell dose, CD4+:CD8+ CAR T-cell ratio, CAR-antigen affinity, cancer and healthy cell antigen expression—individually and collectively impact treatment outcomes. Our analysis revealed that tuning CAR affinity modulates IL-2 production by balancing CAR T-cell proliferation and effector function. It also identified a novel multi-feature tuned treatment strategy for balancing selectivity and efficacy and provided insights into how spatial effects can impact relative treatment performance in different contexts. CARCADE facilitates deeper biological understanding of treatment design and could ultimately enable identification of promising treatment strategies to accelerate solid tumor CAR T-cell design-build-test cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis N. Prybutok
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Jessica S. Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Joshua N. Leonard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Neda Bagheri, ; Joshua N. Leonard,
| | - Neda Bagheri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Neda Bagheri, ; Joshua N. Leonard,
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5
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Fuchs-Tarlovsky V, Castillo Pineda JC, Rodríguez Veintimilla D, Calvo Higuera I, Grijalva Guerrero P, Gómez García A, Frias-Toral E, Santana Porbén S. Cancer-Related Malnutrition: Epidemiological Results from the Latin American Study of Malnutrition in the Oncology Practice. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:2479-2488. [PMID: 34930068 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.2014902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition can affect the patient diagnosed with, and treated for, cancer. However, until a dedicated study is completed, estimates of malnutrition rates will be disparate and unrepresentative of cancer patients' nutritional reality. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of malnutrition among patients being cared for cancer in Latin American (LATAM) hospitals by means of a multicenter, multinational study. Methods: The Latin American Study of Malnutrition in Oncology (LASOMO) was completed with 1,842 patients (Women: 56.2%; Age ≥ 60 years: 43.2%; Chemotherapy: 55.1%; Radiotherapy: 17.8%; Surgery: 27.1%) assisted at 52 health centers from 10 LATAM countries. Malnutrition prevalence was estimated from the (B + C) scores assigned to the patient with the Subjective Global Assessment by Detsky et al. (1987). Malnutrition prevalence was distributed regarding the demographic features of the patient, the primary tumor location, and the current cytoreducing treatment. Results: Malnutrition affected 59.1% of the surveyed patients. Malnutrition prevalence was higher among male patients and those with tumors of the digestive tract and the hemolymphopoietic system. Malnutrition was also associated with the current cytoreducing modality, with chemotherapy returning the highest prevalence. Conclusions: Malnutrition can be present in more than half of the patients being cared for cancer in LATAM health centers. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2021.2014902.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Fuchs-Tarlovsky
- Servicio de Nutrición Clínica, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Ciudad México, México
| | | | - Dolores Rodríguez Veintimilla
- Sociedad de Lucha contra el Cáncer, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador.,Federación Latinoamericana de Terapia Nutricional, Nutrición Clínica y Metabolismo
| | | | | | - Anel Gómez García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad México, México
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6
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Calvo-Vidal MN, Zamponi N, Krumsiek J, Stockslager MA, Revuelta MV, Phillip JM, Marullo R, Tikhonova E, Kotlov N, Patel J, Yang SN, Yang L, Taldone T, Thieblemont C, Leonard JP, Martin P, Inghirami G, Chiosis G, Manalis SR, Cerchietti L. Oncogenic HSP90 Facilitates Metabolic Alterations in Aggressive B-cell Lymphomas. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5202-5216. [PMID: 34479963 PMCID: PMC8530929 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
HSP90 is critical for maintenance of the cellular proteostasis. In cancer cells, HSP90 also becomes a nucleating site for the stabilization of multiprotein complexes including signaling pathways and transcription complexes. Here we described the role of this HSP90 form, referred to as oncogenic HSP90, in the regulation of cytosolic metabolic pathways in proliferating B-cell lymphoma cells. Oncogenic HSP90 assisted in the organization of metabolic enzymes into non-membrane-bound functional compartments. Under experimental conditions that conserved cellular proteostasis, oncogenic HSP90 coordinated and sustained multiple metabolic pathways required for energy production and maintenance of cellular biomass as well as for secretion of extracellular metabolites. Conversely, inhibition of oncogenic HSP90, in absence of apparent client protein degradation, decreased the efficiency of MYC-driven metabolic reprogramming. This study reveals that oncogenic HSP90 supports metabolism in B-cell lymphoma cells and patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, providing a novel mechanism of activity for HSP90 inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE: The oncogenic form of HSP90 organizes and maintains functional multienzymatic metabolic hubs in cancer cells, suggesting the potential of repurposing oncogenic HSP90 selective inhibitors to disrupt metabolism in lymphoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nieves Calvo-Vidal
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Nahuel Zamponi
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jan Krumsiek
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Max A Stockslager
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Maria V Revuelta
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jude M Phillip
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Rossella Marullo
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Jayeshkumar Patel
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Shao Ning Yang
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Lucy Yang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tony Taldone
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York
| | - Catherine Thieblemont
- APHP, Saint-Louis Hospital, Hemato-Oncology, Paris - Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.,EA3788, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - John P Leonard
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Peter Martin
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Deparment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York
| | - Scott R Manalis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Leandro Cerchietti
- Hematology and Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
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7
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Dias AS, Helguero L, Almeida CR, Duarte IF. Natural Compounds as Metabolic Modulators of the Tumor Microenvironment. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123494. [PMID: 34201298 PMCID: PMC8228554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a heterogenous assemblage of malignant and non-malignant cells, including infiltrating immune cells and other stromal cells, together with extracellular matrix and a variety of soluble factors. This complex and dynamic milieu strongly affects tumor differentiation, progression, immune evasion, and response to therapy, thus being an important therapeutic target. The phenotypic and functional features of the various cell types present in the TME are largely dependent on their ability to adopt different metabolic programs. Hence, modulating the metabolism of the cells in the TME, and their metabolic crosstalk, has emerged as a promising strategy in the context of anticancer therapies. Natural compounds offer an attractive tool in this respect as their multiple biological activities can potentially be harnessed to ‘(re)-educate’ TME cells towards antitumoral roles. The present review discusses how natural compounds shape the metabolism of stromal cells in the TME and how this may impact tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S. Dias
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Department of Medical Sciences, iBiMED—Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (L.H.); (C.R.A.)
| | - Luisa Helguero
- Department of Medical Sciences, iBiMED—Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (L.H.); (C.R.A.)
| | - Catarina R. Almeida
- Department of Medical Sciences, iBiMED—Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (L.H.); (C.R.A.)
| | - Iola F. Duarte
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-234-401-418
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8
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Bao G, Xu R, Wang X, Ji J, Wang L, Li W, Zhang Q, Huang B, Chen A, Zhang D, Kong B, Yang Q, Yuan C, Wang X, Wang J, Li X. Identification of lncRNA Signature Associated With Pan-Cancer Prognosis. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2021; 25:2317-2328. [PMID: 32991297 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2020.3027680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as potential prognostic markers in various human cancers as they participate in many malignant behaviors. However, the value of lncRNAs as prognostic markers among diverse human cancers is still under investigation, and a systematic signature based on these transcripts that related to pan-cancer prognosis has yet to be reported. In this study, we proposed a framework to incorporate statistical power, biological rationale, and machine learning models for pan-cancer prognosis analysis. The framework identified a 5-lncRNA signature (ENSG00000206567, PCAT29, ENSG00000257989, LOC388282, and LINC00339) from TCGA training studies (n = 1,878). The identified lncRNAs are significantly associated (all P ≤ 1.48E-11) with overall survival (OS) of the TCGA cohort (n = 4,231). The signature stratified the cohort into low- and high-risk groups with significantly distinct survival outcomes (median OS of 9.84 years versus 4.37 years, log-rank P = 1.48E-38) and achieved a time-dependent ROC/AUC of 0.66 at 5 years. After routine clinical factors involved, the signature demonstrated better performance for long-term prognostic estimation (AUC of 0.72). Moreover, the signature was further evaluated on two independent external cohorts (TARGET, n = 1,122; CPTAC, n = 391; National Cancer Institute) which yielded similar prognostic values (AUC of 0.60 and 0.75; log-rank P = 8.6E-09 and P = 2.7E-06). An indexing system was developed to map the 5-lncRNA signature to prognoses of pan-cancer patients. In silico functional analysis indicated that the lncRNAs are associated with common biological processes driving human cancers. The five lncRNAs, especially ENSG00000206567, ENSG00000257989 and LOC388282 that never reported before, may serve as viable molecular targets common among diverse cancers.
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9
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Taherizadeh M, Khoshnia M, Shams S, Hesari Z, Joshaghani H. Clinical Significance of Plasma Levels of Gluconeogenic Amino Acids in Esophageal Cancer Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2463-2468. [PMID: 32856879 PMCID: PMC7771918 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.8.2463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic processes in the body of people with and without esophageal cancer (EC) are significantly different. Therefore, changes in the metabolism of amino acids in the body of EC patients can lead to metabolic disorders, such as increased gluconeogenesis. The aim of this study was the comparison of the plasma levels of gluconeogenic amino acids between patients with EC and the control group. METHODS Plasma samples of 37 patients with EC who were selected before any treatment or surgery, and 37 healthy adults who did not have history of family cancer and malignant diseases were taken. Analysis of the plasma levels of amino acids including, alanine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, serine, arginine, histidine, methionine, threonine, valine, tyrosine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) based on reverse-phase-chromatography. Data analysis was done by SPSS-16 software. RESULTS In the patient group the mean age ± SD was 63±13.64 and 21 (56.8%) were male.The plasma levels of the alanine, asparagine, histidine, methionine, threonine, valine amino acids in the patients with esophageal cancer was significantly reduced and glycine was increased (p-value<0.05). CONCLUSION Gluconeogenic amino acids are the main precursor of glucose synthesis in the gluconeogenesis pathway. Cancer cells need more energy to grow and multiply, and glucose is used as the main fuel for cells. Given the importance of metabolic pathways in cancer cells, more detailed studies at the molecular level can provide new insights into early detection and appropriate treatment strategies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Taherizadeh
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Masoud Khoshnia
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Sedigheh Shams
- Children Medical center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Hesari
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Joshaghani
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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10
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Glutamine/glutamate metabolism rewiring in reprogrammed human hepatocyte-like cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17978. [PMID: 31784643 PMCID: PMC6884617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dermal fibroblasts can be reprogrammed into hepatocyte-like (HEP-L) cells by the expression of a set of transcription factors. Yet, the metabolic rewiring suffered by reprogrammed fibroblasts remains largely unknown. Here we report, using stable isotope-resolved metabolic analysis in combination with metabolomic-lipidomic approaches that HEP-L cells mirrors glutamine/glutamate metabolism in primary cultured human hepatocytes that is very different from parental human fibroblasts. HEP-L cells diverge glutamine from multiple metabolic pathways into deamidation and glutamate secretion, just like periportal hepatocytes do. Exceptionally, glutamine contribution to lipogenic acetyl-CoA through reductive carboxylation is increased in HEP-L cells, recapitulating that of primary cultured human hepatocytes. These changes can be explained by transcriptomic rearrangements of genes involved in glutamine/glutamate metabolism. Although metabolic changes in HEP-L cells are in line with reprogramming towards the hepatocyte lineage, our conclusions are limited by the fact that HEP-L cells generated do not display a complete mature phenotype. Nevertheless, our findings are the first to characterize metabolic adaptation in HEP-L cells that could ultimately be targeted to improve fibroblasts direct reprogramming to HEP-L cells.
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11
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Soomro I, Sun Y, Li Z, Diggs L, Hatzivassiliou G, Thomas AG, Rais R, Parker SJ, Slusher BS, Kimmelman AC, Somlo S, Skolnik EY. Glutamine metabolism via glutaminase 1 in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:1343-1353. [PMID: 29420817 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolism of glutamine by glutaminase 1 (GLS1) plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation via the generation of ATP and intermediates required for macromolecular synthesis. We hypothesized that glutamine metabolism also plays a role in proliferation of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) cells and that inhibiting GLS1 could slow cyst growth in animal models of ADPKD. Methods Primary normal human kidney and ADPKD human cyst-lining epithelial cells were cultured in the presence or absence of two pharmacologic inhibitors of GLS1, bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide 3 (BPTES) and CB-839, and the effect on proliferation, cyst growth in collagen and activation of downstream signaling pathways were assessed. We then determined if inhibiting GLS1 in vivo with CB-839 in the Aqp2-Cre; Pkd1fl/fl and Pkhd1-Cre; Pkd1fl/fl mouse models of ADPKD slowed cyst growth. Results We found that an isoform of GLS1 (GLS1-GAC) is upregulated in cyst-lining epithelia in human ADPKD kidneys and in mouse models of ADPKD. Both BPTES and CB-839 blocked forskolin-induced cyst formation in vitro. Inhibiting GLS1 in vivo with CB-839 led to variable outcomes in two mouse models of ADPKD. CB-839 slowed cyst growth in Aqp2-Cre; Pkd1fl/fl mice, but not in Pkhd1-Cre; Pkd1fl/fl mice. While CB-839 inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and MEK activation in Aqp2-Cre; Pkd1fl/fl, it did not in Pkhd1-Cre; Pkd1fl/fl mice. Conclusion These findings provide support that alteration in glutamine metabolism may play a role in cyst growth. However, testing in other models of PKD and identification of the compensatory metabolic changes that bypass GLS1 inhibition will be critical to validate GLS1 as a drug target either alone or when combined with inhibitors of other metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfana Soomro
- Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying Sun
- Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhai Li
- Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lonnette Diggs
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Ajit G Thomas
- Department of Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Barbara S Slusher
- Department of Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Stefan Somlo
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Edward Y Skolnik
- Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Molecular Pathogenesis, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Zhang W, Wang R, Ma W, Wu Y, Maskey N, Guo Y, Liu J, Mao S, Zhang J, Yao X, Liu Y. Systemic immune-inflammation index predicts prognosis of bladder cancer patients after radical cystectomy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:431. [PMID: 31700867 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.09.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) has been used as a prognostic marker for several cancer types, but there is no in-depth study in bladder cancer. This study evaluated the potential utility of the SII as a prognostic factor in patients with bladder cancer after radical cystectomy. Methods A retrospective analysis of 209 patients with bladder cancer who had undergone radical cystectomy and were randomized into primary (N=139) and validation (N=70) cohorts was conducted. The overall survival (OS) was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier survival curves. The prognostic value of the SII in primary and validation cohorts were analyzed by using the Cox regression model. A SII-based nomogram for bladder cancer was produced in R software. Results A high SII (>507) was associated with poor prognosis in bladder cancer patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the SII was an independent predictor for OS. The SII emerged as an independent prognostic factor that provided more accurate prognostic prediction than neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR), in the primary and validation cohorts. The nomogram had better accuracy and discrimination than tumor, lymph node, metastasis (TNM) classification. The concordance index values of nomogram were 0.82 for the primary cohort and 0.784 for the validation cohort. Conclusions The SII can serve as an independent predictor of OS in patients who have undergone radical cystectomy for bladder cancer, and was found to be a better predictor of prognosis than NLR, PLR, and CAR. The nomogram is a reliable model for predicting postoperative OS of patients after radical cystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ruiliang Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wenchao Ma
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.,Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.,Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Niraj Maskey
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Shiyu Mao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.,Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yongzhen Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
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13
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Chen S, Zhu S, Cui X, Xu W, Kong C, Zhang Z, Qian W. Identifying non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancer based on blood serum surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:3533-3544. [PMID: 31467792 PMCID: PMC6706043 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.003533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of the muscle invasion of bladder cancer typically plays a crucial role in therapeutic decision-making and has significant impacts on the recurrence rate and survival rate. Although histopathology is sufficiently accurate and usually served as the gold standard for bladder cancer diagnosis, it is invasive, time-consuming, and requires intensive sample preparation by a well-trained pathologist to achieve an optimal diagnosis. Therefore, a fast and noninvasive method to accurately identify non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is in demand. In this study, the SERS technique combined with the PLS-LDA method based on a small amount of blood serum samples is employed to distinguish healthy volunteers, NMIBC, and MIBC patients. According to the results, the overall diagnostic accuracy is 93.3%. The diagnostic accuracies are 97.8% and 93.2% for healthy versus bladder cancer groups and NMIBC versus MIBC groups, respectively. Therefore, the proposed method has demonstrated excellent performance on accurately identifying muscle invasion of bladder cancer, which can assist timely diagnosis and proper treatment for bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry (Northeastern University), Ministry of Education, China
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiaoyu Cui
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China
- Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry (Northeastern University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Wenbin Xu
- Science and Technology on Optical Radiation Laboratory, Beijing, 110854, China
| | - Chuize Kong
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Wei Qian
- College of Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, 79968, USA
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14
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Mitochondrial Retrograde Signalling and Metabolic Alterations in the Tumour Microenvironment. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030275. [PMID: 30909478 PMCID: PMC6468901 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review explores the molecular mechanisms that may be responsible for mitochondrial retrograde signalling related metabolic reprogramming in cancer and host cells in the tumour microenvironment and provides a summary of recent updates with regard to the functional modulation of diverse cells in the tumour microenvironment.
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Insight into the metabolic changes in cancer has become so important that cancer is regarded as a disease entity full of metabolic implications. We summarize the recent findings pertaining to cancer cell-derived metabolic changes that regulate the function of macrophages to favor cancer cell survival, and the reported approaches to reverse these changes. RECENT FINDINGS Since the observation and dramatic revitalization of the Warburg effect, metabolic changes were thought to be confined in cancer cells. However, the Warburg effect has recently been proven to exist in various types of immune cells in tumor tissue. A growing number of publications now indicate that cancer cells interact with other cells in the tumor microenvironment, not only through traditional inflammatory mediators, but also through oncometabolites, and that metabolic changes in immune cells by oncometabolites are the key factors favoring the survival of cancer cells and pro-tumoral function of immune cells. Notably, these metabolic changes do not occur uniformly in tumor progression. SUMMARY Understanding of the complex metabolic interactions in the tumor microenvironment can not only set a new paradigm for tumor progression, but also provide new breakthroughs to control cancer by modulation of function in tumor-associated macrophages.
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16
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Metabolic Stress in the Immune Function of T Cells, Macrophages and Dendritic Cells. Cells 2018; 7:cells7070068. [PMID: 29966302 PMCID: PMC6070887 DOI: 10.3390/cells7070068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune cells from myeloid and lymphoid lineages resolve host infection or cell stress by mounting an appropriate and durable immune response. Upon sensing of cellular insults, immune cells become activated and undergo rapid and efficient functional changes to unleash biosynthesis of macromolecules, proliferation, survival, and trafficking; unprecedented events among other mammalian cells within the host. These changes must become operational within restricted timing to rapidly control the insult and to avoid tissue damage and pathogen spread. Such changes occur at high energy cost. Recent advances have established that plasticity of immune functions occurs in distinct metabolic stress features. Evidence has accumulated to indicate that specific metabolic signatures dictate appropriate immune functions in both innate and adaptive immunity. Importantly, recent studies have shed light on whether successfully manipulating particular metabolic targets is sufficient to modulate immune function and polarization, thereby offering strong therapeutic potential for various common immune-mediated diseases, including inflammation and autoimmune-associated diseases and cancer. In this review, we detail how cellular metabolism controls immune function and phenotype within T cells and macrophages particularly, and the distinct molecular metabolic programming and targets instrumental to engage this regulation.
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17
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Tidwell TR, Søreide K, Hagland HR. Aging, Metabolism, and Cancer Development: from Peto's Paradox to the Warburg Effect. Aging Dis 2017; 8:662-676. [PMID: 28966808 PMCID: PMC5614328 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical advances made over the last century have increased our lifespan, but age-related diseases are a fundamental health burden worldwide. Aging is therefore a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases, all increasing in prevalence. However, huge inter-individual variations in aging and disease risk exist, which cannot be explained by chronological age, but rather physiological age decline initiated even at young age due to lifestyle. At the heart of this lies the metabolic system and how this is regulated in each individual. Metabolic turnover of food to energy leads to accumulation of co-factors, byproducts, and certain proteins, which all influence gene expression through epigenetic regulation. How these epigenetic markers accumulate over time is now being investigated as the possible link between aging and many diseases, such as cancer. The relationship between metabolism and cancer was described as early as the late 1950s by Dr. Otto Warburg, before the identification of DNA and much earlier than our knowledge of epigenetics. However, when the stepwise gene mutation theory of cancer was presented, Warburg's theories garnered little attention. Only in the last decade, with epigenetic discoveries, have Warburg's data on the metabolic shift in cancers been brought back to life. The stepwise gene mutation theory fails to explain why large animals with more cells, do not have a greater cancer incidence than humans, known as Peto's paradox. The resurgence of research into the Warburg effect has given us insight to what may explain Peto's paradox. In this review, we discuss these connections and how age-related changes in metabolism are tightly linked to cancer development, which is further affected by lifestyle choices modulating the risk of aging and cancer through epigenetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia R. Tidwell
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Centre for Organelle Research, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- Gastrointestinal Translational Research Unit, Molecular Laboratory, Hillevaåg, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Kjetil Søreide
- Gastrointestinal Translational Research Unit, Molecular Laboratory, Hillevaåg, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hanne R. Hagland
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Centre for Organelle Research, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- Gastrointestinal Translational Research Unit, Molecular Laboratory, Hillevaåg, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
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18
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MYC and HIF in shaping immune response and immune metabolism. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 35:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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ROS homeostasis and metabolism: a critical liaison for cancer therapy. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e269. [PMID: 27811934 PMCID: PMC5133371 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that hypoxia and oxidative stress can control metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and other cells in tumor microenvironments and that the reprogrammed metabolic pathways in cancer tissue can also alter the redox balance. Thus, important steps toward developing novel cancer therapy approaches would be to identify and modulate critical biochemical nodes that are deregulated in cancer metabolism and determine if the therapeutic efficiency can be influenced by changes in redox homeostasis in cancer tissues. In this review, we will explore the molecular mechanisms responsible for the metabolic reprogramming of tumor microenvironments, the functional modulation of which may disrupt the effects of or may be disrupted by redox homeostasis modulating cancer therapy.
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20
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Protective Effects of Glutamine Antagonist 6-Diazo-5-Oxo-l-Norleucine in Mice with Alphavirus Encephalomyelitis. J Virol 2016; 90:9251-62. [PMID: 27489275 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01045-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Inflammation is a necessary part of the response to infection but can also cause neuronal injury in both infectious and autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). A neurovirulent strain of Sindbis virus (NSV) causes fatal paralysis in adult C57BL/6 mice during clearance of infectious virus from the CNS, and the virus-specific immune response is implicated as a mediator of neuronal damage. Previous studies have shown that survival is improved in T-cell-deficient mice and in mice with pharmacological inhibition of the inflammatory response and glutamate excitotoxicity. Because glutamine metabolism is important in the CNS for the generation of glutamate and in the immune system for lymphocyte proliferation, we tested the effect of the glutamine antagonist DON (6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine) on the outcome of NSV infection in mice. DON treatment for 7 days from the time of infection delayed the onset of paralysis and death. Protection was associated with reduced lymphocyte proliferation in the draining cervical lymph nodes, decreased leukocyte infiltration into the CNS, lower levels of inflammatory cytokines, and delayed viral clearance. In vitro studies showed that DON inhibited stimulus-induced proliferation of lymphocytes. When in vivo treatment with DON was stopped, paralytic disease developed along with the inflammatory response and viral clearance. These studies show that fatal NSV-induced encephalomyelitis is immune mediated and that antagonists of glutamine metabolism can modulate the immune response and protect against virus-induced neuroinflammatory disease. IMPORTANCE Encephalomyelitis due to infection with mosquito-borne alphaviruses is an important cause of death and of long-term neurological disability in those who survive infection. This study demonstrates the role of the virus-induced immune response in the generation of neurological disease. DON, a glutamine antagonist, inhibited the proliferation of lymphocytes in response to infection, prevented the development of brain inflammation, and protected mice from paralysis and death during treatment. However, because DON inhibited the immune response to infection, clearance of the virus from the brain was also prevented. When treatment was stopped, the immune response was generated, brain inflammation occurred, virus was cleared, and mice developed paralysis and died. Therefore, more definitive treatment for alphaviral encephalomyelitis should inhibit virus replication as well as neuroinflammatory damage.
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21
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Bruno S, Ledda B, Tenca C, Ravera S, Orengo AM, Mazzarello AN, Pesenti E, Casciaro S, Racchi O, Ghiotto F, Marini C, Sambuceti G, DeCensi A, Fais F. Metformin inhibits cell cycle progression of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22624-40. [PMID: 26265439 PMCID: PMC4673187 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was believed to result from clonal accumulation of resting apoptosis-resistant malignant B lymphocytes. However, it became increasingly clear that CLL cells undergo, during their life, iterative cycles of re-activation and subsequent clonal expansion. Drugs interfering with CLL cell cycle entry would be greatly beneficial in the treatment of this disease. 1, 1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride (metformin), the most widely prescribed oral hypoglycemic agent, inexpensive and well tolerated, has recently received increased attention for its potential antitumor activity. We wondered whether metformin has apoptotic and anti-proliferative activity on leukemic cells derived from CLL patients. Metformin was administered in vitro either to quiescent cells or during CLL cell activation stimuli, provided by classical co-culturing with CD40L-expressing fibroblasts. At doses that were totally ineffective on normal lymphocytes, metformin induced apoptosis of quiescent CLL cells and inhibition of cell cycle entry when CLL were stimulated by CD40-CD40L ligation. This cytostatic effect was accompanied by decreased expression of survival- and proliferation-associated proteins, inhibition of signaling pathways involved in CLL disease progression and decreased intracellular glucose available for glycolysis. In drug combination experiments, metformin lowered the apoptotic threshold and potentiated the cytotoxic effects of classical and novel antitumor molecules. Our results indicate that, while CLL cells after stimulation are in the process of building their full survival and cycling armamentarium, the presence of metformin affects this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Bernardetta Ledda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudya Tenca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Orengo
- IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Nicola Mazzarello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island, Experimental Immunology, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Elisa Pesenti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Casciaro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialty, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Omar Racchi
- Hematology-Oncology Unit - Ospedale Villa Scassi, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Ghiotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Marini
- CNR Institute of Bioimages and Molecular Physiology, Milan, Section of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianmario Sambuceti
- IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy.,Department of Health Science, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea DeCensi
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | - Franco Fais
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
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22
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Collin A, Noacco A, Talvas J, Caldefie-Chézet F, Vasson MP, Farges MC. Enhancement of Lytic Activity by Leptin Is Independent From Lipid Rafts in Murine Primary Splenocytes. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:101-9. [PMID: 27028718 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leptin, a pleiotropic adipokine, is known as a regulator of food intake, but it is also involved in inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation, and survival. Leptin receptor is integrated inside cholesterol-rich microdomains called lipid rafts, which, if disrupted or destroyed, could lead to a perturbation of lytic mechanism. Previous studies also reported that leptin could induce membrane remodeling. In this context, we studied the effect of membrane remodeling in lytic activity modulation induced by leptin. Thus, primary mouse splenocytes were incubated with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (β-MCD), a lipid rafts disrupting agent, cholesterol, a major component of cell membranes, or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a membrane stabilizer agent for 1 h. These treatments were followed by splenocyte incubation with leptin (absence, 10 and 100 ng/ml). Unlike β-MCD or cholesterol, UDCA was able to block leptin lytic induction. This result suggests that leptin increased the lytic activity of primary spleen cells against syngenic EO771 mammary cancer cells independently from lipid rafts but may involve membrane fluidity. Furthermore, natural killer cells were shown to be involved in the splenocyte lytic activity. To our knowledge it is the first publication in primary culture that provides the link between leptin lytic modulation and membrane remodeling. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 101-109, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Collin
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, CLARA, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,INRA, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Audrey Noacco
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, CLARA, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INRA, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jérémie Talvas
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, CLARA, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INRA, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chézet
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, CLARA, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INRA, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Paule Vasson
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, CLARA, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INRA, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre Jean-Perrin, CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Unité de Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Chantal Farges
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECREIN, CLARA, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INRA, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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23
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Birkenmeier K, Dröse S, Wittig I, Winkelmann R, Käfer V, Döring C, Hartmann S, Wenz T, Reichert AS, Brandt U, Hansmann ML. Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma are highly dependent on oxidative phosphorylation. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:2231-46. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Birkenmeier
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University Hospital; Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 Frankfurt Am Main 60596 Germany
| | - Stefan Dröse
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Intensive-Care Medicine and Pain Therapy; Goethe-University Hospital; Theodor-Stern Kai 7 Frankfurt Am Main 60596 Germany
- Centre of Biological Chemistry, and Centre for Membrane Proteomics, Molecular Bioenergetics Group; Medical School, Goethe-University; Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 Frankfurt Am Main 60596 Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Centre of Biological Chemistry, and Centre for Membrane Proteomics, Molecular Bioenergetics Group; Medical School, Goethe-University; Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 Frankfurt Am Main 60596 Germany
| | - Ria Winkelmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University Hospital; Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 Frankfurt Am Main 60596 Germany
| | - Viktoria Käfer
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University Hospital; Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 Frankfurt Am Main 60596 Germany
| | - Claudia Döring
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University Hospital; Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 Frankfurt Am Main 60596 Germany
| | - Sylvia Hartmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University Hospital; Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 Frankfurt Am Main 60596 Germany
| | - Tina Wenz
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne; Zülpicher Str. 47A Cologne 50674 Germany
| | - Andreas S. Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Ulrich Brandt
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen Center for Mitochondrial Disorders (NCMD); The Netherlands
- Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt “Macromolecular Complexes”, Goethe-University; Frankfurt Am Main Germany
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University Hospital; Theodor-Stern-Kai 7 Frankfurt Am Main 60596 Germany
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Monteverde T, Muthalagu N, Port J, Murphy DJ. Evidence of cancer-promoting roles for AMPK and related kinases. FEBS J 2015; 282:4658-71. [PMID: 26426570 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that the 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) serves to link the tumour suppressors LKB1 and the tuberous sclerosis complex and functions to slow macromolecular synthesis through attenuation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 revealed a role for AMPK in tumour suppression. On the other hand, the well-recognized role of AMPK in maintaining ATP homeostasis, through suppression of anabolism and promotion of catabolism, as well as the role of AMPK in neutralizing reactive oxygen species, via maintenance of NADPH-dependent reductive capacity, point to tumour-protective roles in the context of metabolic stress, which is a key feature of many solid tumours. A growing number of studies thus suggest a duality of functions for AMPK that are either pro- or anti-cancer, depending upon context. Importantly, AMPK is composed of three subunits, and multiple isoforms exist for all three, allowing for different permutations to assemble and the potential for specific AMPK complexes to regulate distinct cellular processes. Moreover, certain subunits of the AMPK complex are frequently overexpressed in a spectrum of human cancer types, suggesting an outright oncogenic function for specific AMPK complexes. Adding complexity to this picture, the catalytic AMPK alpha subunits belong to a family of 14 kinases that can all be activated by LKB1 and studies are beginning to reveal a similar duality of roles in cancer for other members of the AMPK-related kinase family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jennifer Port
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel J Murphy
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.,CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
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Mushtaq M, Darekar S, Klein G, Kashuba E. Different Mechanisms of Regulation of the Warburg Effect in Lymphoblastoid and Burkitt Lymphoma Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136142. [PMID: 26312753 PMCID: PMC4551852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Warburg effect is one of the hallmarks of cancer and rapidly proliferating cells. It is known that the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A) and MYC proteins cooperatively regulate expression of the HK2 and PDK1 genes, respectively, in the Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cell line P493-6, carrying an inducible MYC gene repression system. However, the mechanism of aerobic glycolysis in BL cells has not yet been fully understood. Methods and Findings Western blot analysis showed that the HIF1A protein was highly expressed in Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-positive BL cell lines. Using biochemical assays and quantitative PCR (Q-PCR), we found that—unlike in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs)—the MYC protein was the master regulator of the Warburg effect in these BL cell lines. Inhibition of the transactivation ability of MYC had no influence on aerobic glycolysis in LCLs, but it led to decreased expression of MYC-dependent genes and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) activity in BL cells. Conclusions Our data suggest that aerobic glycolysis, or the Warburg effect, in BL cells is regulated by MYC expressed at high levels, whereas in LCLs, HIF1A is responsible for this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mushtaq
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suhas Darekar
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George Klein
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Kashuba
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; R. E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Renner K, Geiselhöringer AL, Fante M, Bruss C, Färber S, Schönhammer G, Peter K, Singer K, Andreesen R, Hoffmann P, Oefner P, Herr W, Kreutz M. Metabolic plasticity of human T cells: Preserved cytokine production under glucose deprivation or mitochondrial restriction, but 2-deoxy-glucose affects effector functions. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:2504-16. [PMID: 26114249 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The strong link between T-cell metabolism and effector functions is well characterized in the murine system but hardly investigated in human T cells. Therefore, we analyzed glycolytic and mitochondrial activity in correlation to function in activated human CD4 and CD8 T cells. Glycolysis was barely detectable upon stimulation but accelerated beyond 24 h, whereas mitochondrial activity was elevated immediately in both T-cell populations. Glucose deprivation or mitochondrial restriction reduced proliferation, had only a transient impact on "on-blast formation" and no impact on viability, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 production, whereas TNF was reduced. Similar results were obtained in bulk T cells and T-cell subsets. Elevated respiration under glucose restriction demonstrated metabolic flexibility. Administration of the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-glucose suppressed both glycolysis and respiration and exerted a strong impact on cytokine production that persisted for IFN-γ after removal of 2-deoxy-glucose. Taken together, glycolytic or mitochondrial restriction alone compromised proliferation of human T cells, but barely affected their effector functions. In contrast, effector functions were severely affected by 2-deoxy-glucose treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Renner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Geiselhöringer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Fante
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christina Bruss
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Färber
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schönhammer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Singer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Andreesen
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Petra Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
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Xiang Y, Stine ZE, Xia J, Lu Y, O'Connor RS, Altman BJ, Hsieh AL, Gouw AM, Thomas AG, Gao P, Sun L, Song L, Yan B, Slusher BS, Zhuo J, Ooi LL, Lee CGL, Mancuso A, McCallion AS, Le A, Milone MC, Rayport S, Felsher DW, Dang CV. Targeted inhibition of tumor-specific glutaminase diminishes cell-autonomous tumorigenesis. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2293-306. [PMID: 25915584 DOI: 10.1172/jci75836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutaminase (GLS), which converts glutamine to glutamate, plays a key role in cancer cell metabolism, growth, and proliferation. GLS is being explored as a cancer therapeutic target, but whether GLS inhibitors affect cancer cell-autonomous growth or the host microenvironment or have off-target effects is unknown. Here, we report that loss of one copy of Gls blunted tumor progression in an immune-competent MYC-mediated mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Compared with results in untreated animals with MYC-induced hepatocellular carcinoma, administration of the GLS-specific inhibitor bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide (BPTES) prolonged survival without any apparent toxicities. BPTES also inhibited growth of a MYC-dependent human B cell lymphoma cell line (P493) by blocking DNA replication, leading to cell death and fragmentation. In mice harboring P493 tumor xenografts, BPTES treatment inhibited tumor cell growth; however, P493 xenografts expressing a BPTES-resistant GLS mutant (GLS-K325A) or overexpressing GLS were not affected by BPTES treatment. Moreover, a customized Vivo-Morpholino that targets human GLS mRNA markedly inhibited P493 xenograft growth without affecting mouse Gls expression. Conversely, a Vivo-Morpholino directed at mouse Gls had no antitumor activity in vivo. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that GLS is required for tumorigenesis and support small molecule and genetic inhibition of GLS as potential approaches for targeting the tumor cell-autonomous dependence on GLS for cancer therapy.
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Gu Y, Chen T, Fu S, Sun X, Wang L, Wang J, Lu Y, Ding S, Ruan G, Teng L, Wang M. Perioperative dynamics and significance of amino acid profiles in patients with cancer. J Transl Med 2015; 13:35. [PMID: 25622826 PMCID: PMC4332895 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolome analysis including amino acid profile is under investigation as an approach in cancer screening. The present study aims to analyze plasma free amino acid (PFAA) profiles in cancer patients and investigate their potential as biomarkers of malignancy. Methods Plasma samples from 56 gastric cancer patients, 28 breast cancer patients, 33 thyroid cancer patients, and 137 age-matched healthy controls were collected in the study. PFAA levels were measured and their perioperative alterations were analyzed. Biological effects of ten cancer-related amino acids were further validated in gastric and breast cancer cells. Results We found that PFAA profiles of cancer patients differed significantly from those of healthy controls. Decreased concentrations of PFAAs were associated with lymph node metastases in gastric cancer. Levels of PFAAs such as aspartate and alanine increased after tumor resection. PFAA levels correlated with clinical tumor markers in gastric cancer patients and pathological immunohistochemistry markers in breast cancer patients. Specifically, alanine, arginine, aspartate and cysteine had proliferative effects on breast cancer cells. Proliferation of gastric cancer cells was promoted by cysteine, but inhibited by alanine and glutamic acid. Furthermore, alanine treatment decreased total and stable fraction of gastric cancer cells, and alanine and glutamic acid induced apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Conclusions PFAA patterns in cancer patients are altered perioperatively. Tumor-related amino acids identified by dynamic study of PFAA patterns may have the potential to be developed as novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0408-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Tianxiang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Suzhen Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xin Sun
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yingfeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Songming Ding
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Guodong Ruan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, China.
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Choi SYC, Lin D, Gout PW, Collins CC, Xu Y, Wang Y. Lessons from patient-derived xenografts for better in vitro modeling of human cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 79-80:222-37. [PMID: 25305336 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel cancer therapeutics is often plagued by discrepancies between drug efficacies obtained in preclinical studies and outcomes of clinical trials. The inconsistencies can be attributed to a lack of clinical relevance of the cancer models used for drug testing. While commonly used in vitro culture systems are advantageous for addressing specific experimental questions, they are often gross, fidelity-lacking simplifications that largely ignore the heterogeneity of cancers as well as the complexity of the tumor microenvironment. Factors such as tumor architecture, interactions among cancer cells and between cancer and stromal cells, and an acidic tumor microenvironment are critical characteristics observed in patient-derived cancer xenograft models and in the clinic. By mimicking these crucial in vivo characteristics through use of 3D cultures, co-culture systems and acidic culture conditions, an in vitro cancer model/microenvironment that is more physiologically relevant may be engineered to produce results more readily applicable to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Yiu Chuen Choi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Dong Lin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Peter W Gout
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Colin C Collins
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P.R. China.
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Regulation of rDNA transcription in response to growth factors, nutrients and energy. Gene 2014; 556:27-34. [PMID: 25447905 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exquisite control of ribosome biogenesis is fundamental for the maintenance of cellular growth and proliferation. Importantly, synthesis of ribosomal RNA by RNA polymerase I is a key regulatory step in ribosome biogenesis and a major biosynthetic and energy consuming process. Consequently, ribosomal RNA gene transcription is tightly coupled to the availability of growth factors, nutrients and energy. Thus cells have developed an intricate sensing network to monitor the cellular environment and modulate ribosomal DNA transcription accordingly. Critical controllers in these sensing networks, which mediate growth factor activation of ribosomal DNA transcription, include the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1, RAS/RAF/ERK pathways and MYC transcription factor. mTORC1 also responds to amino acids and energy status, making it a key hub linking all three stimuli to the regulation of ribosomal DNA transcription, although this is achieved via overlapping and distinct mechanisms. This review outlines the current knowledge of how cells respond to environmental cues to control ribosomal RNA synthesis. We also highlight the critical points within this network that are providing new therapeutic opportunities for treating cancers through modulation of RNA polymerase I activity and potential novel imaging strategies.
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Gaber T, Strehl C, Sawitzki B, Hoff P, Buttgereit F. Cellular energy metabolism in T-lymphocytes. Int Rev Immunol 2014; 34:34-49. [PMID: 25259409 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2014.956358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Energy homeostasis is a hallmark of cell survival and maintenance of cell function. Here we focus on the impact of cellular energy metabolism on T-lymphocyte differentiation, activation, and function in health and disease. We describe the role of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of lymphocyte metabolism on immune functions of T cells. We also summarize the current knowledge about T-lymphocyte adaptations to inflammation and hypoxia, and the impact on T-cell behavior of pathophysiological hypoxia (as found in tumor tissue, chronically inflamed joints in rheumatoid arthritis and during bone regeneration). A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms that control immune cell metabolism and immune response may provide therapeutic opportunities to alter the immune response under conditions of either immunosuppression or inflammation, potentially targeting infections, vaccine response, tumor surveillance, autoimmunity, and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Gaber
- 1Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
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Ma H, Hasim A, Mamtimin B, Kong B, Zhang HP, Sheyhidin I. Plasma free amino acid profiling of esophageal cancer using high-performance liquid chromatography spectroscopy. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:8653-8659. [PMID: 25024622 PMCID: PMC4093717 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i26.8653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To perform plasma free amino acid (PFAA) profiling of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients at different pathological stages and healthy subjects.
METHODS: Plasma samples from ESCC patients (n = 51) and healthy control adults (n = 60) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The ESCC patients included moderate/poorly-differentiation (n = 24), lymph node metastasis (n = 17) and clinical stage > Ib2 (n = 36). Partial least squares discriminant analysis was performed to demonstrate that the PFAA metabolic patterns enabled discrimination between ESCC patients and controls, and the Student t test was applied to assess significant differences in PFAA concentrations between the two groups.
RESULTS: There were significant differences in the PFAA profiles between controls and ESCC patients. Compared with healthy controls, the levels of Asp, Glu, Gly, His, Thr, Tau, Ala, Met, Ile, Leu, and Phe were decreased in ESCC patients, but Cys was increased. There exists a strong correlation between PFAA profiles and clinicopathological characteristics in ESCC patients. The levels of many PFAAs (i.e., Glu, Asp, Ser, Gly, Tau, Ala, Tyr, Val, Ile, and Leu) were related to pathological grading, lymph node metastasis, and ESCC clinical stage. Very good discrimination between ESCC patients and control subjects was achieved by multivariate modeling of plasma profiles.
CONCLUSION: HPLC-based plasma profiling analysis was shown to be an effective approach to differentiate between ESCC patients and controls. PFAA profiles may have potential value for screening or diagnosing ESCC.
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Link JM, Hurlin PJ. The activities of MYC, MNT and the MAX-interactome in lymphocyte proliferation and oncogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1849:554-62. [PMID: 24731854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The MYC family of proteins plays essential roles in embryonic development and in oncogenesis. Efforts over the past 30 years to define the transcriptional activities of MYC and how MYC functions to promote proliferation have produced evolving models of MYC function. One picture that has emerged of MYC and its partner protein MAX is of a transcription factor complex with a seemingly unique ability to stimulate the transcription of genes that are epigenetically poised for transcription and to amplify the transcription of actively transcribed genes. During lymphocyte activation, MYC is upregulated and stimulates a pro-proliferative program in part through the upregulation of a wide variety of metabolic effector genes that facilitate cell growth and cell cycle progression. MYC upregulation simultaneously sensitizes cells to apoptosis and activated lymphocytes and lymphoma cells have pro-survival attributes that allow MYC-driven proliferation to prevail. For example, the MAX-interacting protein MNT is upregulated in activated lymphocytes and was found to protect lymphocytes from MYC-dependent apoptosis. Here we review the activities of MYC, MNT and other MAX interacting proteins in the setting of T and B cell activation and oncogenesis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Myc proteins in cell biology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Link
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Portland, 3101 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Peter J Hurlin
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Portland, 3101 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Draoui N, Schicke O, Seront E, Bouzin C, Sonveaux P, Riant O, Feron O. Antitumor activity of 7-aminocarboxycoumarin derivatives, a new class of potent inhibitors of lactate influx but not efflux. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1410-8. [PMID: 24672058 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High lactate concentration in tumors is associated with bad prognosis. Lactate is released by glycolytic cells in tumors and recaptured by oxidative cancer cells to feed the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle after conversion into pyruvate. Monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) mediate these fluxes of proton-linked lactate and represent attractive targets to interrupt lactate shuttle and to inhibit tumor growth. Here, we investigated the properties of 7-aminocarboxycoumarins (7ACC) developed to selectively interfere with lactate fluxes in the lactate-rich tumor microenvironment. The pharmacologic properties of two compounds of this family, including their effects on lactate influx and efflux and antitumor activity, were investigated using human cancer cell lines and mouse xenograft models. Contrary to the reference MCT1 inhibitor AR-C155858, 7ACC unexpectedly inhibited lactate influx but not efflux in tumor cells expressing MCT1 and MCT4 transporters. 7ACC delayed the growth of cervix SiHa tumors, colorectal HCT116 tumors, and orthoptopic MCF-7 breast tumors. MCT target engagement was confirmed by the lack of activity of 7ACC on bladder UM-UC-3 carcinoma that does not express functional MCT. 7ACC also inhibited SiHa tumor relapse after treatment with cisplatin. Finally, we found that contrary to AR-C155858, 7ACC did not prevent the cell entry of the substrate-mimetic drug 3-bromopyruvate (3BP) through MCT1, and contributed to the inhibition of tumor relapse after 3BP treatment. In conclusion, our results indicate that 7ACC selectively affects a single part of the MCT symporter translocation cycle, leading to strict inhibition of lactate influx. This singular activity is associated with antitumor effects less prone to resistance and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihed Draoui
- Authors' Affiliations: Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (MOST), Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, BelgiumAuthors' Affiliations: Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (MOST), Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivier Schicke
- Authors' Affiliations: Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (MOST), Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Seront
- Authors' Affiliations: Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (MOST), Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- Authors' Affiliations: Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (MOST), Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Authors' Affiliations: Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (MOST), Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivier Riant
- Authors' Affiliations: Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (MOST), Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Authors' Affiliations: Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels; and Molecules, Solids and Reactivity (MOST), Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Galluzzi L, Kroemer G. Preface: oncometabolism: a new field of research with profound therapeutic implications. Methods Enzymol 2014; 542:xix-xxiii. [PMID: 24862280 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416618-9.10000-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Bingham PM, Stuart SD, Zachar Z. Cancer Metabolism: A Nexus of Matter, Energy, and Reactive Oxygen Species. CANCER DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-9545-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ma Y, Galluzzi L, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Autophagy and cellular immune responses. Immunity 2013; 39:211-27. [PMID: 23973220 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy constitutes a mechanism for the sequestration and lysosomal degradation of various cytoplasmic structures, including damaged organelles and invading microorganisms. Autophagy not only represents an essential cell-intrinsic mechanism to protect against internal and external stress conditions but also shapes cellular immunity. Recent evidence indicates that autophagic responses in antigen-donor cells affect the release of several cytokines and "danger signals." Thus, especially when it precedes cell death, autophagy alerts innate immune effectors to elicit cognate immune responses. Autophagy is also important for the differentiation, survival, and activation of myeloid and lymphoid cells. Accordingly, inherited mutations in autophagy-relevant genes are associated with immune diseases, whereas oncogenesis-associated autophagic defects promote the escape of developing tumors from immunosurveillance. Here, we discuss the regulation of autophagy in the course of cellular immune responses and emphasize its impact on the immunogenicity of antigen-donor cells and on the activity of antigen-presenting cells and T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Ma
- INSERM, U848, F-94805 Villejuif, France; Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
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Pierdominici M, Barbati C, Vomero M, Locatelli SL, Carlo-Stella C, Ortona E, Malorni W. Autophagy as a pathogenic mechanism and drug target in lymphoproliferative disorders. FASEB J 2013; 28:524-35. [PMID: 24196588 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-235655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy represents a key mechanism of cytoprotection that can be activated by a variety of extracellular and intracellular stresses and allows the cell to sequester cytoplasmic components and damaged organelles, delivering them to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. However, the autophagy process has also been associated with the death of the cell. It has been demonstrated to be constitutive in some instances and inducible in others, and the idea that it could represent a pathogenetic determinant as well as a possible prognostic tool and a therapeutic target in a plethora of human diseases has recently been considered. Among these, cancer represents a major one. In this review, we recapitulate the critical implications of autophagy in the pathogenesis, progression, and treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders. Leukemias and lymphomas, in fact, represent paradigmatic human diseases in which advances have recently been made in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pierdominici
- 2Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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Is cancer a metabolic disease? THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 184:4-17. [PMID: 24139946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although cancer has historically been viewed as a disorder of proliferation, recent evidence has suggested that it should also be considered a metabolic disease. Growing tumors rewire their metabolic programs to meet and even exceed the bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of continuous cell growth. The metabolic profile observed in cancer cells often includes increased consumption of glucose and glutamine, increased glycolysis, changes in the use of metabolic enzyme isoforms, and increased secretion of lactate. Oncogenes and tumor suppressors have been discovered to have roles in cancer-associated changes in metabolism as well. The metabolic profile of tumor cells has been suggested to reflect the rapid proliferative rate. Cancer-associated metabolic changes may also reveal the importance of protection against reactive oxygen species or a role for secreted lactate in the tumor microenvironment. This article reviews recent research in the field of cancer metabolism, raising the following questions: Why do cancer cells shift their metabolism in this way? Are the changes in metabolism in cancer cells a consequence of the changes in proliferation or a driver of cancer progression? Can cancer metabolism be targeted to benefit patients?
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Abstract
Malignant cells exhibit metabolic changes, when compared to their normal counterparts, owing to both genetic and epigenetic alterations. Although such a metabolic rewiring has recently been indicated as yet another general hallmark of cancer, accumulating evidence suggests that the metabolic alterations of each neoplasm represent a molecular signature that intimately accompanies and allows for different facets of malignant transformation. During the past decade, targeting cancer metabolism has emerged as a promising strategy for the development of selective antineoplastic agents. Here, we discuss the intimate relationship between metabolism and malignancy, focusing on strategies through which this central aspect of tumour biology might be turned into cancer's Achilles heel.
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Hasim A, Aili A, Maimaiti A, Mamtimin B, Abudula A, Upur H. Plasma-free amino acid profiling of cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia patients and its application for early detection. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5853-9. [PMID: 24068431 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, plasma-free amino acid profiles were used to investigate pre-cancerous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) metabolic signatures in plasma. Additionally, the diagnostic potential of these profiles was assessed, as well as their ability to provide novel insight into CSCC metabolism and systemic effects. Plasma samples from CIN patients (n = 26), CSCC patients (n = 22), and a control healthy group (n = 35) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and their spectral profiles were subjected to the t test for statistical significance. Potential metabolic biomarkers were identified using database comparisons that examine the significance of metabolites. Compared with healthy controls, patients with CIN and CSCC demonstrated lower levels of plasma amino acids; plasma levels of arginine and threonine were increased in CIN patients but were decreased in cervical cancer patients. Additionally, the levels of a larger group of amino acids (aspartate, glutamate, asparagine, serine, glycine, histidine, taurine, tyrosine, valine, methionine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine) were gradually reduced from CIN to invasive cancer. These findings suggest that plasma-free amino acid profiling has great potential for improving cancer screening and diagnosis and for understanding disease pathogenesis. Plasma-free amino acid profiles may have the potential be used to determine cancer diagnoses in the early stage from a single blood sample and may enhance our understanding of its mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayshamgul Hasim
- Department of Pathology of Medical University of Xinjiang, Ürümqi, China,
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Tang Y, Sun LG, Liu CS, Li YY, Jin CH, Li D, Bai O. Clinical analysis of stages of HBV infection in 100 cases of lymphoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:959-62. [PMID: 23621268 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.2.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HBV infection may cause damage to the immune system and induce lymphomas as a result. Some scholars have indicated that HBsAg(+) reflecting HBV infection may have a relationship with lymphoma development. This study was designed to find out the specific stage of HBV infection which may be related to lymphoma. METHODS HBV serum markers, including HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb were tested among 100 lymphoma patients and 100 other patients who were diagnosed with non-lymphoma diseases in the First Hospital of Jilin University from 2010.1.1 to 2012.12.31. Three subgroups were established depending on different combinations of HBV serum markers. Subgroup 1 was HBsAg(+) representing the early stage of HBV infection. Subgroup 2 was HbsAb(+) representing convalescence and Subgroup 3 was "HbsAg and HbsAb negative combined with other positive markers" representing the intermediate stage of HBV infection. Chi square tests were used to compare the rates of three subgroups in lymphoma and control groups. RESULTS The rates of Subgroup were 13% and 5% respectively, an association between HBsAg and lymphoma being found (P<0.05). There was no difference between rate of Subgroup 2 of lymphoma group (15%) and that of control group (16%). In lymphoma group and control group , the rate of Subgroup 3 was different (12% vs 4%). This evidence was not specific to T cell lymphoma, B cell lymphoma or Hodgkin's lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS Among serum markers of HBV, the combination of serum markers representing the early stage and intermediate stage of HBV infection have a relationship with lymphoma. Convalescence from HBV infection appears to have no relationship with lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tang
- Department of Oncology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, the First Hospital of Jilin University, ChangChun, China
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Abstract
T cell activation leads to dramatic shifts in cell metabolism to protect against pathogens and to orchestrate the action of other immune cells. Quiescent T cells require predominantly ATP-generating processes, whereas proliferating effector T cells require high metabolic flux through growth-promoting pathways. Further, functionally distinct T cell subsets require distinct energetic and biosynthetic pathways to support their specific functional needs. Pathways that control immune cell function and metabolism are intimately linked, and changes in cell metabolism at both the cell and system levels have been shown to enhance or suppress specific T cell functions. As a result of these findings, cell metabolism is now appreciated as a key regulator of T cell function specification and fate. This review discusses the role of cellular metabolism in T cell development, activation, differentiation, and function to highlight the clinical relevance and opportunities for therapeutic interventions that may be used to disrupt immune pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancie J MacIver
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Matched and mismatched metabolic fuels in lymphocyte function. Semin Immunol 2013; 24:405-13. [PMID: 23290889 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Immunological function requires metabolic support to suit the needs of lymphocytes at a variety of distinct differentiation and activation states. It is now evident that the signaling pathways that drive lymphocyte survival and activity can directly control cellular metabolism. This linkage provides a mechanism by which activation and specific signaling pathways provide a supply of appropriate and required nutrients to support cell functions in a pro-active supply rather than consumption-based metabolic model. In this way, the metabolism and fuel choices of lymphocytes are guided to specifically match the anticipated needs. If the fuel choice or metabolic pathways of lymphocytes are dysregulated, however, metabolic checkpoints can become activated to disrupt immunological function. These changes are now shown in several immunological diseases and may open new opportunities to selectively enhance or suppress specific immune functions through targeting of glucose, lipid, or amino acid metabolism.
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