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Wang C, Huang L, Li J, Liu D, Wu B. MicroRNA miR-145-5p Inhibits Cutaneous Wound Healing by Targeting PDGFD in Diabetic Foot Ulcer. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:2437-2454. [PMID: 37950842 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one major, common and serious chronic complication of diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by high incidence, high risk, high burden, and high treatment difficulty and is a leading cause of disability and death in patients with diabetes. Long-term hyperglycemia can result in cellular dysfunction of fibroblasts, which play pivotal roles in wound healing. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were reported to mediate the pathological processes of multiple diseases, including diabetic wound healing. This research aimed to investigate the functional role of miR-145-5p in high-glucose (HG)-exposed fibroblasts and in DFU mouse models. Human foreskin fibroblast cells (HFF-1) were stimulated by HG to induce cell injury. MiR-145-5p level in HG-stimulated HFF-1 cells was detected via RT-qPCR. The binding between miR-145-5p and PDGFD was validated by Luciferase reporter assay. The effects of the miR-145-5p/PDGFD axis on the viability, migration, and apoptosis of HG-exposed HFF-1 cells were determined by CCK-8, wound healing, and flow cytometry assays. DFU mouse models were subcutaneously injected at the wound edges with miR-145-5p inhibitor/mimics. Images of the wounds were captured on day 0 and 8 post-injection, and wound samples were collected after mice were sacrificed for histological analysis by H&E staining. HG decreased cell viability and increased miR-145-5p expression in HFF-1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. MiR-145-5p downregulation promoted cell viability and migration and inhibited cell apoptosis of HG-stimulated HFF-1 cells, while miR-145-5p overexpression exerted an opposite effect on cell viability, migration, and apoptosis. PDGFD was a direct target gene of miR-145-5p, whose silencing reversed the influence of miR-145-5p downregulation on HG-induced cellular dysfunction of HFF-1 cells. Additionally, downregulating miR-145-5p facilitated while overexpressing miR-145-5p inhibited wound healing in DFU mouse models. MiR-145-5p level was negatively associated with PDGFD level in wound tissue samples of DFU mouse models. MiR-145-5p inhibition improves wound healing in DFU through upregulating PDGFD expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wang
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Department of General Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233040, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233040, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233040, China
| | - Biaoliang Wu
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No.18 Zhongshan Second Road, Youjiang District, Baise City, 533000, Guangxi, China.
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Soheilifar MH, Masoudi-Khoram N, Hassani M, Hajialiasgary Najafabadi A, Khojasteh M, Keshmiri Neghab H, Jalili Z. Angio-microRNAs in diabetic foot ulcer-: Mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 192:1-10. [PMID: 39069213 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers, as one of the chronic wounds, are a serious challenge in the global healthcare system which have shown notable growth in recent years. DFU is associated with impairment in various stages of wound healing, including angiogenesis. Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in the disruption of the balance between angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, plays a crucial role in angiogenesis dysfunction. Alteration in the expression of angiomiRNAs (angiomiRs) have the potential to function as biomarkers in chronic wounds. Additionally, considering the rising importance of therapeutic RNAs, there is potential for utilizing angiomiRs in wound healing to induce angiogenesis. This review aims to explore angiogenesis in chronic wounds and investigate the mechanisms mediated by pro- and anti-angiomiRs in the context of diabetic foot ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nastaran Masoudi-Khoram
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hassani
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Hajialiasgary Najafabadi
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Goettingen, 37077, Germany; Research Group Translational Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Mahdieh Khojasteh
- Heart Center of Goettingen, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Hoda Keshmiri Neghab
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Jalili
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Mohsin F, Javaid S, Tariq M, Mustafa M. Molecular immunological mechanisms of impaired wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), current therapeutic strategies and future directions. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112713. [PMID: 39047451 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a foremost cause of amputation in diabetic patients. Consequences of DFU include infections, decline in limb function, hospitalization, amputation, and in severe cases, death. Immune cells including macrophages, regulatory T cells, fibroblasts and other damage repair cells work in sync for effective healing and in establishment of a healthy skin barrier post-injury. Immune dysregulation during the healing of wounds can result in wound chronicity. Hyperglycemic conditions in diabetic patients influence the pathophysiology of wounds by disrupting the immune system as well as promoting neuropathy and ischemic conditions, making them difficult to heal. Chronic wound microenvironment is characterized by increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases, reactive oxygen species as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in persistent inflammation and delayed healing. Novel treatment modalities including growth factor therapies, nano formulations, microRNA based treatments and skin grafting approaches have significantly augmented treatment efficiency, demonstrating creditable efficacy in clinical practices. Advancements in local treatments as well as invasive methodologies, for instance formulated wound dressings, stem cell applications and immunomodulatory therapies have been successful in targeting the complex pathophysiology of chronic wounds. This review focuses on elucidating the intricacies of emerging physical and non-physical therapeutic interventions, delving into the realm of advanced wound care and comprehensively summarizing efficacy of evidence-based therapies for DFU currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Mohsin
- KAM School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Sheza Javaid
- KAM School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Mishal Tariq
- KAM School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Mustafa
- KAM School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan.
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Lin G, Liu X. Key extracellular proteins and TF-miRNA co-regulatory network in diabetic foot ulcer: Bioinformatics and experimental insights. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307205. [PMID: 39037979 PMCID: PMC11262672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), a serious complication of diabetes, are associated with abnormal extracellular protein (EP) metabolism. The identification of key EPs and their regulatory networks is crucial for the understanding of DFU formation and development of effective treatments. In this study, a large-scale bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify potential therapeutic targets and experimental validation was performed to ensure the reliability and biological relevance of the findings. METHODS Due to the comprehensive profiling of DFU samples provided by the GSE80178 dataset, we initially selected it to derive differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with DFU. Subsequently, utilizing the UniProt database and annotated EP list from the Human Protein Atlas annotation database, we screened for extracellular protein-related differentially expressed genes (EP-DEGs) due to their crucial role in the pathogenesis and healing of DFU. We examined EP-DEG pathway enrichment and protein-protein interaction networks, analyzed paired full-thickness skin tissue samples from 24 patients with DFUs and healthy controls, and performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiments to validate candidate genes. Ultimately, we constructed a transcription factor (TF)-microRNA (miRNA)-hub gene co-regulatory network to explore upstream and downstream regulatory connections based on validated DEGs. RESULTS Four crucial candidate genes (FMOD, LUM, VCAN, and S100A12) were identified and verified via PCR analysis. The TF-miRNA-hub EP-DEG regulatory network contained the pivotal TFs TRIM28 and STAT3 and the miRNAs hsa-mir-20a-5p, hsa-miR-21, and hsa-miR-203. CONCLUSION The findings of this study advance our understanding of the pathology of DFU by defining key roles of specific EPs and elucidating a comprehensive regulatory network. These insights pave the way for novel approaches to improve DFU treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlin Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopaedic, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ximing Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopaedic, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Liu L, Liu D. Bioengineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: emerging strategies for diabetic wound healing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkae030. [PMID: 39015252 PMCID: PMC11250359 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic wounds are among the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and their healing process can be delayed due to persistent inflammatory reactions, bacterial infections, damaged vascularization and impaired cell proliferation, which casts a blight on patients'health and quality of life. Therefore, new strategies to accelerate diabetic wound healing are being positively explored. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exos) can inherit the therapeutic and reparative abilities of stem cells and play a crucial role in diabetic wound healing. However, poor targeting, low concentrations of therapeutic molecules, easy removal from wounds and limited yield of MSC-Exos are challenging for clinical applications. Bioengineering techniques have recently gained attention for their ability to enhance the efficacy and yield of MSC-Exos. In this review, we summarise the role of MSC-Exos in diabetic wound healing and focus on three bioengineering strategies, namely, parental MSC-Exos engineering, direct MSC-Exos engineering and MSC-Exos combined with biomaterials. Furthermore, the application of bioengineered MSC-Exos in diabetic wound healing is reviewed. Finally, we discuss the future prospects of bioengineered MSC-Exos, providing new insights into the exploration of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Liu
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Yongwaizheng Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
- Huankui Academy, Nanchang University, Xuefu Road, Honggutan District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Dewu Liu
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Yongwaizheng Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
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Mansournejad S, Mehrabi M, Yari R, Saleh M. Influence of Different Glucose Concentrations on the Expression of miR-29c-3p microRNA in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2024; 18:117-122. [PMID: 38868812 PMCID: PMC11166491 DOI: 10.18502/ijhoscr.v18i2.15367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: miR-29c-3p manages a set of genes involved in regenerative medicine, and It seems that hyperglycemia in diabetic patients influences the power of stem cells to tissue regeneration the difficulties of diabetes by affecting the expression miR-29c-3p in mesenchymal stem cells. The study aims to analyze the effect of various glucose concentrations on the miR-29c-3p expression in mesenchymal stem cells. Materials and Methods: After receiving donated mesenchymal stem cells from Tarbiat Modares University, these cells were cultivated in a DMEM culture medium, including three different concentrations of glucose 250, 140, and 100 mg/dl. RNA was extracted from these cells after 72 hours, the Real-Time PCR technique assessed the expression of miR-29c-3p, and the results were analyzed by REST software. Results: miR-29c-3p expression in cells at concentrations of 140 and 250 mg/dL compared to typical situations (100 mg/dl) was significantly decreased (P˂0.05), which declined at a concentration of 250 mg/dl was more. Conclusion: Reduced miR-29c-3p expression in mesenchymal stem cells in chronic and mild diabetic situations demonstrated that diabetes might be one of the significant reasons for mesenchymal stem cells' reduced ability to repair tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mansournejad
- Department of Biology, Medicinal Plants, Health and Food Safety Research Center, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mehrabi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
| | - Reza Yari
- Department of Biology, Medicinal Plants, Health and Food Safety Research Center, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
| | - Mahshid Saleh
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, Madison, WI, USA
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Yang M, Gu Y. LncRNA DLEU1 promotes angiogenesis in diabetic foot ulcer wound healing by regulating miR-96-5p. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:241-247. [PMID: 37515685 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) carries high rates of major amputation and mortality. AIMS The goals of this study were to identify expression of circulating lncRNA DLEU1 and miR-96-5p in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and to explore the function of lncRNA DLEU1/miR-96-5p axis in DFU. METHODS Matched patients with DFU and healthy individuals were randomly selected. Serum samples from all subjects were used for circulating lncRNA DLEU1 and miR-96-5p assessment by RT-qPCR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to assess the discriminative capacity of lncRNA DLEU1 and miR-96-5p in identifying DFU. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was assayed by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining method. Bioinformatics, luciferase reporter activity assay, and in vitro cell experiments were used to explore the relationship between lncRNA DLEU1 and miR-96-5p. RESULTS LncRNA DLEU1 and miR-96-5p were significantly up- and downregulated in patients with DFU, respectively, compared with controls. After ROC assessment, lncRNA DLEU1 and miR-96-5p were found to discriminate DFU from miR-96-5p. Furthermore, lncRNA DLEU1 inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cell proliferation and increased HUVECs apoptosis and oxidative stress through sponging miR-96-5p. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest lncRNA DLEU1 and miR-96-5p as circulating biomarkers for DFU. Also, we provide the clue for the pathogenic significance of lncRNA DLEU1/miR-96-5p in DFU, as well as insights for new potential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Yang
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Zibo Central Hospital, No 10, Shanghai Road, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Yufang Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255000, China.
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Anuradha U, Mehra NK, Khatri DK. Understanding molecular mechanisms and miRNA-based targets in diabetes foot ulcers. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:82. [PMID: 38183502 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
In today's culture, obesity and overweight are serious issues that have an impact on how quickly diabetes develops and how it causes complications. For the development of more effective therapies, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the chronic problems of diabetes. The most prominent effects of diabetes are microvascular abnormalities such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, especially diabetes foot ulcers, as well as macrovascular abnormalities such as heart disease and atherosclerosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are highly conserved endogenous short non-coding RNA molecules, have been implicated in several physiological functions recently, including the earliest stages of the disease. By binding to particular messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which cause mRNA degradation, translation inhibition, or even gene activation, it primarily regulates posttranscriptional gene expression. These molecules exhibit considerable potential as diagnostic biomarkers for disease and are interesting treatment targets. This review will provide an overview of the latest findings on the key functions that miRNAs role in diabetes and its complications, with an emphasis on the various stages of diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urati Anuradha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana , 500037, India.
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
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You M, Xing H, Yan M, Zhang J, Chen J, Chen Y, Liu X, Zhu J. Schwann Cell-Derived Exosomes Ameliorate Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Through the miR-21-Mediated PTEN Signaling Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6840-6851. [PMID: 37498480 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is a neurological disorder resulting from paclitaxel (PTX) treatment for cancer patients. There are currently no drugs available that can definitively prevent or treat PIPN. Exosomes are cell-secreted nanoscale vesicles that mediate communication between neurons and glial cells. We found that Schwann cell-derived exosomes (SC-EXOs) robustly improved PIPN both in vitro and in vivo. In vivo studies showed that SC-EXOs were able to alleviate PTX-induced mechanical nociceptive sensitization in rats. Pathomorphological analysis showed that SC-EXOs ameliorated PTX-induced plantar intraepidermal nerve fiber loss and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) injury. Additionally, the results of in vitro studies showed that SC-EXOs had significant protective effects on the DRG cells damaged by PTX, and did not affect the antitumor effect of PTX against Hela cells. Further, mechanism research revealed that SC-EXOs promoted axonal regeneration and protected damaged neurons by upregulating miR-21 to repress the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) pathway, which could improve PIPN. Taken together, these findings suggest that SC-EXOs ameliorate PTX-induced peripheral neuropathy via the miR-21-mediated PTEN signaling pathway, which provides a novel strategy for the treatment of PIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haizhu Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Kiani M, Moraffah F, Khonsari F, Kharazian B, Dinarvand R, Shokrgozar MA, Atyabi F. Co-delivery of simvastatin and microRNA-21 through liposome could accelerates the wound healing process. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213658. [PMID: 37866233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The gene delivery approach, mainly microRNAs (miRNA) as key wound healing mediators, has recently received extensive attention. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) has strongly impacted wound healing by affecting the inflammation and proliferation phases. Previous studies have also demonstrated the beneficial effect of simvastatin on wound healing. Therefore, we designed a dual-drug/gene delivery system using PEGylated liposomes that could simultaneously attain the co-encapsulation and co-delivery of miRNA and simvastatin (SIM) to explore the combined effect of this dual-drug delivery system on wound healing. The PEG-liposomes for simvastatin and miR-21 plasmid (miR-21-P/SIM/Liposomes) were prepared using the thin-film hydration method. The liposomes showed 85 % entrapment efficiency for SIM in the lipid bilayer and high physical entrapment of miR-21-P in the inner cavity. In vitro studies demonstrated no cytotoxicity for the carrier on normal human dermal fibroblast cells (NHDF) and 97 % cellular uptake over 2 h incubation. The scratch test revealed excellent cell proliferation and migration after treatment with miR-21-P/SIM/Liposomes. For the in vivo experiments, a full-thickness cutaneous wound model was used. The wound closure on day 8 was higher for Liposomal formulation containing miR-21-P promoting faster re-epithelialization. On day 12, all treated groups showed complete wound closure. However, following histological analysis, the miR-21-P/SIM/Liposomes revealed the best tissue regeneration, similar to normal functional skin, by reduced inflammation and increased re-epithelialization, collagen deposition and angiogenesis. In conclusion, the designed miR-21-P/SIM/Liposomes could significantly accelerate the process of wound healing, which provides a new strategy for the management of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Kiani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moraffah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khonsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Kharazian
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Pharmacy, De Mont Fort University, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Suo L, Cheng J, Yuan H, Jiang Z, Tash D, Wang L, Cheng H, Zhang Z, Zhang F, Zhang M, Cao Z, Zhao R, Guan D. miR-26a/30d/152 are reliable reference genes for miRNA quantification in skin wound age estimation. Forensic Sci Res 2023; 8:230-240. [PMID: 38221964 PMCID: PMC10785593 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that exert their biological functions as negative regulators of gene expression. They are involved in the skin wound healing process with a dynamic expression pattern and can therefore potentially serve as biomarkers for skin wound age estimation. However, no reports have described any miRNAs as suitable reference genes (RGs) for miRNA quantification in wounded skin or samples with post-mortem changes. Here, we aimed to identify specific miRNAs as RGs for miRNA quantification to support further studies of skin wound age estimation. Overall, nine miRNAs stably expressed in mouse skin at certain posttraumatic intervals (PTIs) were preselected by next-generation sequencing as candidate RGs. These nine miRNAs and the commonly used reference genes (comRGs: U6, GAPDH, ACTB, 18S, 5S, LC-Ogdh) were quantitatively examined using quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction at different PTIs during skin wound healing in mice. The stabilities of these genes were evaluated using four independent algorithms: GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and comparative Delta Ct. Stability was further evaluated in mice with different post-mortem intervals (PMIs). Overall, mmu-miR-26a-5p, mmu-miR-30d-5p, and mmu-miR-152-3p were identified as the most stable genes at both different PTIs and PMIs. These three miRNA RGs were additionally validated and compared with the comRGs in human samples. After assessing using one, two, or three miRNAs in combination for stability at different PTIs, PMIs, or in human samples, the set of miR-26a/30d/152 was approved as the best normalizer. In conclusion, our data suggest that the combination of miR-26a/30d/152 is recommended as the normalization strategy for miRNA qRT-PCR quantification in skin wound age estimation. Key points The small size of miRNAs makes them less susceptible to post-mortem autolysis or putrefaction, leading to their potential use in wound age estimation.Studying miRNAs as biological indicators of skin wound age estimation requires the selection and validation of stable reference genes because commonly used reference genes, such as U6, ACTB, GAPDH, 5S, 18S, and LC-Ogdh, are not stable.miR-26a/30d/152 are stable and reliable as reference genes and their use in combination is a recommended normalization strategy for miRNA quantitative analysis in wounded skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Suo
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Haomiao Yuan
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenfei Jiang
- Department of Road Traffic Accident Investigation, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Dilichati Tash
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
- Autonomous Prefecture Public Security Bureau, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
- Collaborative Laboratory of Intelligentized Forensic Science, Shenyang, China
- Laboratory of Forensic Biochemistry, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongduo Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Fuyuan Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
- Collaborative Laboratory of Intelligentized Forensic Science, Shenyang, China
- Laboratory of Forensic Biochemistry, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
- Collaborative Laboratory of Intelligentized Forensic Science, Shenyang, China
- Laboratory of Forensic Biochemistry, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
- Collaborative Laboratory of Intelligentized Forensic Science, Shenyang, China
- Laboratory of Forensic Biochemistry, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Dawei Guan
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
- Collaborative Laboratory of Intelligentized Forensic Science, Shenyang, China
- Laboratory of Forensic Biochemistry, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China
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12
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Kalhori MR, Soleimani M, Alibakhshi R, Kalhori AA, Mohamadi P, Azreh R, Farzaei MH. The Potential of miR-21 in Stem Cell Differentiation and its Application in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1232-1251. [PMID: 36899116 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are two important types of non-coding RNAs that are not translated into protein. These molecules can regulate various biological processes, including stem cell differentiation and self-renewal. One of the first known miRNAs in mammals is miR-21. Cancer-related studies have shown that this miRNA has proto-oncogene activity and is elevated in cancers. However, it is confirmed that miR-21 inhibits stem cell pluripotency and self-renewal and induces differentiation by targeting various genes. Regenerative medicine is a field of medical science that tries to regenerate and repair damaged tissues. Various studies have shown that miR-21 plays an essential role in regenerative medicine by affecting stem cell proliferation and differentiation. In this review, we will discuss the function of miR-21 in regenerative medicine of the liver, nerve, spinal cord, wound, bone, and dental tissues. In addition, the function of natural compounds and lncRNAs will be analyzed as potential regulators of miR-21 expression in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Kalhori
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Alibakhshi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Kalhori
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohamadi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rasoul Azreh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosien Farzaei
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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13
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Amini A, Ghasemi Moravej F, Mostafavinia A, Ahmadi H, Chien S, Bayat M. Photobiomodulation Therapy Improves Inflammatory Responses by Modifying Stereological Parameters, microRNA-21 and FGF2 Expression. J Lasers Med Sci 2023; 14:e16. [PMID: 37583493 PMCID: PMC10423949 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2023.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Photobiomodulation treatment (PBMT) is a relatively invasive method for treating wounds. An appropriate type of PBMT can produce desired and directed cellular and molecular processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of PBMT on stereological factors, bacterial count, and the expression of microRNA-21 and FGF2 in an infected, ischemic, and delayed wound healing model in rats with type one diabetes mellitus. Methods: A delayed, ischemic, and infected wound was produced on the back skin of all 24 DM1 rats. Then, they were put into 4 groups at random (n=6 per group): 1=Control group day4 (CGday4); 2=Control group day 8 (CGday8); 3=PBMT group day4 (PGday4), in which the rats were exposed to PBMT and killed on day 4; 4=PBMT group day8 (PGday8), in which the rats received PBMT and they were killed on day 8. The size of the wound, the number of microbial colonies, stereological parameters, and the expression of microRNA-21 and FGF2 were all assessed in this study throughout the inflammation (day 4) and proliferation (day 8) stages of wound healing. Results: On days 4 and 8, we discovered that the PGday4 and PGday8 groups significantly improved stereological parameters in comparison with the same CG groups. In terms of ulcer area size and microbiological counts, the PGday4 and PGday8 groups performed much better than the same CG groups. Simultaneously, the biomechanical findings in the PGday4 and PGday8 groups were much more extensive than those in the same CG groups. On days 4 and 8, the expression of FGF2 and microRNA-21 was more in all PG groups than in the CG groups (P<0.01). Conclusion: PBMT significantly speeds up the repair of ischemic and MARS-infected wounds in DM1 rats by lowering microbial counts and modifying stereological parameters, microRNA-21, and FGF2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Amini
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ghasemi Moravej
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atarodalsadat Mostafavinia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ahmadi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sufan Chien
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, and Noveratech LLC, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Mohammad Bayat
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Price Institute of Surgical Research, University of Louisville, and Noveratech LLC, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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14
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Singh SK, Dwivedi SD, Yadav K, Shah K, Chauhan NS, Pradhan M, Singh MR, Singh D. Novel Biotherapeutics Targeting Biomolecular and Cellular Approaches in Diabetic Wound Healing. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020613. [PMID: 36831151 PMCID: PMC9952895 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing responses play a major role in chronic inflammation, which affects millions of people around the world. One of the daunting tasks of creating a wound-healing drug is finding equilibrium in the inflammatory cascade. In this study, the molecular and cellular mechanisms to regulate wound healing are explained, and recent research is addressed that demonstrates the molecular and cellular events during diabetic wound healing. Moreover, a range of factors or agents that facilitate wound healing have also been investigated as possible targets for successful treatment. It also summarises the various advances in research findings that have revealed promising molecular targets in the fields of therapy and diagnosis of cellular physiology and pathology of wound healing, such as neuropeptides, substance P, T cell immune response cDNA 7, miRNA, and treprostinil growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor, including thymosin beta 4, and immunomodulators as major therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Kumar Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Shradha Devi Dwivedi
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Krishna Yadav
- Raipur Institute of Pharmaceutical Educations and Research, Sarona, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Madhulika Pradhan
- Gracious College of Pharmacy Abhanpur Raipur, Village-Belbhata, Taluka, Abhanpur 493661, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Manju Rawat Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
- Correspondence:
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15
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方 怡, 陈 利, 李 艳, 冉 兴. [Latest Findings on MicroRNAs in Diabetic Chronic Wounds]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2022; 53:949-952. [PMID: 36443033 PMCID: PMC10408961 DOI: 10.12182/20221160502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic chronic wound is one of the most serious complications of diabetes, imposing enormous socioeconomic burdens on diabetic patients, their families, and society due to its refractory nature. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of various physiological and pathological processes. Abnormalities arise in the regulatory functions of miRNAs in chronic diabetic wounds. Therefore, the modification of miRNAs expression in diabetic wounds is an important channel for the improvement of wound healing. The clinical translation of miRNA-based therapy may become a prospective direction of diabetic wound healing. However, miRNA-based therapy is still in its early stage of development, and actual translation into clinical application will take a long time. Herein, we summarized the latest research findings on miRNAs in diabetic chronic wounds healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- 怡轩 方
- 四川大学华西医院 内分泌代谢科 糖尿病足诊治中心 创面修复创新中心 (成都 610041)Innovation Center for Wound Repair, Diabetic Foot Care Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 利鸿 陈
- 四川大学华西医院 内分泌代谢科 糖尿病足诊治中心 创面修复创新中心 (成都 610041)Innovation Center for Wound Repair, Diabetic Foot Care Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 艳 李
- 四川大学华西医院 内分泌代谢科 糖尿病足诊治中心 创面修复创新中心 (成都 610041)Innovation Center for Wound Repair, Diabetic Foot Care Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 兴无 冉
- 四川大学华西医院 内分泌代谢科 糖尿病足诊治中心 创面修复创新中心 (成都 610041)Innovation Center for Wound Repair, Diabetic Foot Care Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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16
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Lou Z, Li Q, Wang C, Li Y. The effects of microRNA-126 reduced inflammation and apoptosis of diabetic nephropathy through PI3K/AKT signalling pathway by VEGF. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1265-1274. [PMID: 32449863 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1767146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression microarray and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the expression of miR-126. In model of diabetic nephropathy, we demonstrated that miR-126 expression was down-regulated, compared with control group. Down-expression of miR-126 promoted cell apoptosis and increased inflammation (as indicated by the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 and TNF-α) of diabetic nephropathy in vitro. miR-126 over-expression led to significant inhibition of cell apoptosis and suppressed inflammation (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 and TNF-α). However, the down-expression of miR-126 suppressed the protein expression of VEGF, PI3K and p-AKT in diabetic nephropathy in vitro. On the contrary, over-expression of miR-126 induced the protein expression of VEGF, PI3K and p-AKT in diabetic nephropathy in vitro. The inhibition of VEGF increased the effect of miR-126 down-expression on apoptosis and inflammation in diabetic nephropathy in vitro. We investigated the specific function of miR-126 in patients with diabetic nephropathy and its possible mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lou
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiaobei Li
- Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinyan Li
- Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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17
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Chakraborty R, Borah P, Dutta PP, Sen S. Evolving spectrum of diabetic wound: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic targets. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:696-716. [PMID: 36188143 PMCID: PMC9521443 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i9.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder resulting in an increased blood glucose level and prolonged hyperglycemia, causes long term health conse-quences. Chronic wound is frequently occurring in diabetes patients due to compromised wound healing capability. Management of wounds in diabetic patients remains a clinical challenge despite many advancements in the field of science and technology. Increasing evidence indicates that alteration of the biochemical milieu resulting from alteration in inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase, decrease in fibroblast and keratinocyte functioning, neuropathy, altered leukocyte functioning, infection, etc., plays a significant role in impaired wound healing in diabetic people. Apart from the current pharmacotherapy, different other approaches like the use of conventional drugs, antidiabetic medication, antibiotics, debridement, offloading, platelet-rich plasma, growth factor, oxygen therapy, negative pressure wound therapy, low-level laser, extracorporeal shock wave bioengineered substitute can be considered in the management of diabetic wounds. Drugs/therapeutic strategy that induce angiogenesis and collagen synthesis, inhibition of MMPs, reduction of oxidative stress, controlling hyperglycemia, increase growth factors, regulate inflammatory cytokines, cause NO induction, induce fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation, control microbial infections are considered important in controlling diabetic wound. Further, medicinal plants and/or phytoconstituents also offer a viable alternative in the treatment of diabetic wound. The focus of the present review is to highlight the molecular and cellular mechanisms, and discuss the drug targets and treatment strategies involved in the diabetic wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Chakraborty
- Institute of Pharmacy, Assam Don Bosco University, Kamrup 782402, Assam, India
| | - Pobitra Borah
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Partha Pratim Dutta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati 781026, Assam, India
| | - Saikat Sen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati 781026, Assam, India
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18
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Malakoti F, Mohammadi E, Akbari Oryani M, Shanebandi D, Yousefi B, Salehi A, Asemi Z. Polyphenols target miRNAs as a therapeutic strategy for diabetic complications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1865-1881. [PMID: 36069329 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2119364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
MiRNAs are a large group of non-coding RNAs which participate in different cellular pathways like inflammation and oxidation through transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic regulation. In the post-transcriptional regulation, miRNA interacts with the 3'-UTR of mRNAs and prevents their translation. This prevention or dysregulation can be a cause of pathological conditions like diabetic complications. A huge number of studies have revealed the association between miRNAs and diabetic complications, including diabetic nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and delayed wound healing. To address this issue, recent studies have focused on the use of polyphenols as selective and safe drugs in the treatment of diabetes complications. In this article, we will review the involvement of miRNAs in diabetic complications' occurrence or development. Finally, we will review the latest findings on targeting miRNAs by polyphenols like curcumin, resveratrol, and quercetin for diabetic complications therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Malakoti
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Erfan Mohammadi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Akbari Oryani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Darioush Shanebandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Salehi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University of Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
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19
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Sharma P, Kumar A, Agarwal T, Dey AD, Moghaddam FD, Rahimmanesh I, Ghovvati M, Yousefiasl S, Borzacchiello A, Mohammadi A, Yella VR, Moradi O, Sharifi E. Nucleic acid-based therapeutics for dermal wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:920-933. [PMID: 35987365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-healing wounds have long been the subject of scientific and clinical investigations. Despite breakthroughs in understanding the biology of delayed wound healing, only limited advances have been made in properly treating wounds. Recently, research into nucleic acids (NAs) such as small-interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA), plasmid DNA (pDNA), aptamers, and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) has resulted in the development of a latest therapeutic strategy for wound healing. In this regard, dendrimers, scaffolds, lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, hydrogels, and metal nanoparticles have all been explored as NA delivery techniques. However, the translational possibility of NA remains a substantial barrier. As a result, different NAs must be identified, and their distribution method must be optimized. This review explores the role of NA-based therapeutics in various stages of wound healing and provides an update on the most recent findings in the development of NA-based nanomedicine and biomaterials, which may offer the potential for the invention of novel therapies for this long-term condition. Further, the challenges and potential for miRNA-based techniques to be translated into clinical applications are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preety Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India; Government Pharmacy College Kangra, Nagrota Bhagwan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India
| | - Asmita Deka Dey
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Farnaz Dabbagh Moghaddam
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ghovvati
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Satar Yousefiasl
- School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838736, Iran
| | - Assunta Borzacchiello
- Institute for Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council (CNR), Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Abbas Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Venkata Rajesh Yella
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India
| | - Omid Moradi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, 374-37515 Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838736, Iran.
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20
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Yu H, Wang Y, Wang D, Yi Y, Liu Z, Wu M, Wu Y, Zhang Q. Landscape of the epigenetic regulation in wound healing. Front Physiol 2022; 13:949498. [PMID: 36035490 PMCID: PMC9403478 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.949498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing after skin injury is a dynamic and highly coordinated process involving a well-orchestrated series of phases, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Epigenetic regulation refers to genome-wide molecular events, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation, represented by microRNA (miRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA). Epigenetic regulation is pervasively occurred in the genome and emerges as a new role in gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Currently, it is well-recognized that epigenetic factors are determinants in regulating gene expression patterns, and may provide evolutionary mechanisms that influence the wound microenvironments and the entire healing course. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively summarize the emerging roles and mechanisms of epigenetic remodeling in wound healing. Moreover, we also pose the challenges and future perspectives related to epigenetic modifications in wound healing, which would bring novel insights to accelerated wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Min Wu
- *Correspondence: Min Wu, ; Yiping Wu, ; Qi Zhang,
| | - Yiping Wu
- *Correspondence: Min Wu, ; Yiping Wu, ; Qi Zhang,
| | - Qi Zhang
- *Correspondence: Min Wu, ; Yiping Wu, ; Qi Zhang,
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21
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Neag MA, Mitre AO, Burlacu CC, Inceu AI, Mihu C, Melincovici CS, Bichescu M, Buzoianu AD. miRNA Involvement in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:901360. [PMID: 35757539 PMCID: PMC9226476 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.901360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury is a debilitating medical condition, currently with only a limited amount of therapies aimed at protecting the cerebral parenchyma. Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that via the RNA-induced silencing complex either degrade or prevent target messenger RNAs from being translated and thus, can modulate the synthesis of target proteins. In the neurological field, miRNAs have been evaluated as potential regulators in brain development processes and pathological events. Following ischemic hypoxic stress, the cellular and molecular events initiated dysregulate different miRNAs, responsible for long-terming progression and extension of neuronal damage. Because of their ability to regulate the synthesis of target proteins, miRNAs emerge as a possible therapeutic strategy in limiting the neuronal damage following a cerebral ischemic event. This review aims to summarize the recent literature evidence of the miRNAs involved in signaling and modulating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries, thus pointing their potential in limiting neuronal damage and repair mechanisms. An in-depth overview of the molecular pathways involved in ischemia reperfusion injury and the involvement of specific miRNAs, could provide future perspectives in the development of neuroprotective agents targeting these specific miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Adriana Neag
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei-Otto Mitre
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Andreea-Ioana Inceu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carina Mihu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen-Stanca Melincovici
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marius Bichescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca-Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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22
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Soltani S, Mansouri K, Parvaneh S, Thakor AS, Pociot F, Yarani R. Diabetes complications and extracellular vesicle therapy. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:357-385. [PMID: 34647239 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disorder characterized by dysregulated glycemic conditions. Diabetic complications include microvascular and macrovascular abnormalities and account for high morbidity and mortality rates in patients. Current clinical approaches for diabetic complications are limited to symptomatic treatments and tight control of blood sugar levels. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by somatic and stem cells have recently emerged as a new class of potent cell-free therapeutic delivery packets with a great potential to treat diabetic complications. EVs contain a mixture of bioactive molecules and can affect underlying pathological processes in favor of tissue healing. In addition, EVs have low immunogenicity and high storage capacity while maintaining nearly the same regenerative and immunomodulatory effects compared to current cell-based therapies. Therefore, EVs have received increasing attention for diabetes-related complications in recent years. In this review, we provide an outlook on diabetic complications and summarizes new knowledge and advances in EV applications. Moreover, we highlight recommendations for future EV-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Soltani
- Clinical Research Development Center, Taleghani and Imam Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah, University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahram Parvaneh
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory (HECRIN), Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Research Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Reza Yarani
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.
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23
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Liao X, Yan F, Hu S, Mu J, Li S, He Y, Tang M, Chen J, Yu L, Sun J. Adipose mesenchymal stem cell sheets-derived extracellular vesicles-microRNA-10b promote skin wound healing by elevating expression of CDK6. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 136:212781. [PMID: 35929331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Application of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AMSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in skin wound healing has been documented. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of AMSCs-derived EVs in skin wound healing through delivery of microRNA-10b (miR-10b). HaCaT cells were treated with H2O2 to establish the skin wound cell models. Next, the binding affinity between miR-194, PEA15, and CDK6 was identified. Additionally, EVs were isolated from the culture medium of AMSC sheets, followed by incubation with H2O2-treated HaCaT cells to detect cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis using gain- or loss-of-function experiments. Lastly, the mice skin wound models were also established to assess skin wound healing ability. miR-10b was down-regulated in the skin trauma models and enriched in the EVs of AMSC sheets. Moreover, miR-10b derived from EVs targeted PEA15 to promote CDK6 expression, thereby stimulating the proliferation and migration of H2O2-damaged HaCaT cells but inhibiting apoptosis. In vivo experiments further ascertained the therapeutic functionality of AMSC sheets-derived EVs-miR-10b. In summary, AMSC sheets-derived EVs carrying miR-10b promoted CDK6 expression to intensify skin wound healing by regulating PEA15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liao
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, PR China
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Sean Hu
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, PR China
| | - Jing Mu
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, PR China
| | - Siqiaozhi Li
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, PR China
| | - Yixuan He
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, PR China
| | - Manshu Tang
- Shenzhen Toyon Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518057, PR China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University, Shenzhen 518057, PR China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Jia Sun
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, PR China; Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University, Shenzhen 518057, PR China.
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24
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Liu C, Ram S, Hurwitz BL. Network analysis reveals dysregulated functional patterns in type II diabetic skin. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6889. [PMID: 35477946 PMCID: PMC9046425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin disorders are one of the most common complications of type II diabetes (T2DM). Long-term effects of high blood glucose leave individuals with T2DM more susceptible to cutaneous diseases, but its underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Network-based methods consider the complex interactions between genes which can complement the analysis of single genes in previous research. Here, we use network analysis and topological properties to systematically investigate dysregulated gene co-expression patterns in type II diabetic skin with skin samples from the Genotype-Tissue Expression database. Our final network consisted of 8812 genes from 73 subjects with T2DM and 147 non-T2DM subjects matched for age, sex, and race. Two gene modules significantly related to T2DM were functionally enriched in the pathway lipid metabolism, activated by PPARA and SREBF (SREBP). Transcription factors KLF10, KLF4, SP1, and microRNA-21 were predicted to be important regulators of gene expression in these modules. Intramodular analysis and betweenness centrality identified NCOA6 as the hub gene while KHSRP and SIN3B are key coordinators that influence molecular activities differently between T2DM and non-T2DM populations. We built a TF-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network to reveal the novel mechanism (miR-21-PPARA-NCOA6) of dysregulated keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, and migration in diabetic skin, which may provide new insights into the susceptibility of skin disorders in T2DM patients. Hub genes and key coordinators may serve as therapeutic targets to improve diabetic skincare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunan Liu
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Sudha Ram
- Department of Management Information Systems, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Bonnie L Hurwitz
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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25
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Xie J, Wu W, Zheng L, Lin X, Tai Y, Wang Y, Wang L. Roles of MicroRNA-21 in Skin Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:828627. [PMID: 35295323 PMCID: PMC8919367 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.828627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-21 (miR-21), one of the early mammalian miRNAs identified, has been detected to be upregulated in multiple biological processes. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the potential values of miR-21 in cutaneous damage and skin wound healing, but lack of a review article to summarize the current evidence on this issue. Based on this review, relevant studies demonstrated that miR-21 played an essential role in wound healing by constituting a complex network with its targeted genes (i.e., PTEN, RECK. SPRY1/2, NF-κB, and TIMP3) and the cascaded signaling pathways (i.e., MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin/MMP-7, and TGF-β/Smad7-Smad2/3). The treatment effectiveness developed by miR-21 might be associated with the promotion of the fibroblast differentiation, the improvement of angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory, enhancement of the collagen synthesis, and the re-epithelialization of the wound. Currently, miRNA nanocarrier systems have been developed, supporting the feasibility clinical feasibility of such miR-21-based therapy. After further investigations, miR-21 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Weizhou Wu
- Department of Urology, Maoming People's Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Liying Zheng
- Postgraduate Pepartment, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xuesong Lin
- Department of Burn Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Yuncheng Tai
- Department of Burn Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
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26
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Liu CW, Hsieh CY, Chen JY. Investigations on the Wound Healing Potential of Tilapia Piscidin (TP)2-5 and TP2-6. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:205. [PMID: 35323503 PMCID: PMC8955782 DOI: 10.3390/md20030205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a highly orchestrated process involving many cell types, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. This study aimed to evaluate the potential application of synthetic peptides derived from tilapia piscidin (TP)2, TP2-5 and TP2-6 in skin wound healing. The treatment of HaCaT keratinocytes with TP2-5 and TP2-6 did not cause cytotoxicity, but did enhance cell proliferation and migration, which could be attributed to the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. In CCD-966SK fibroblasts, although TP2-5 (31.25 μg/mL) and TP2-6 (125 μg/mL) showed cytotoxic effects, we observed the significant promotion of cell proliferation and migration at low concentrations. In addition, collagen I, collagen III, and keratinocyte growth factor were upregulated by the peptides. We further found that TP2-5 and TP2-6 showed pro-angiogenic properties, including the enhancement of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and the promotion of neovascularization. In a murine model, wounds treated topically with TP2-5 and TP2-6 were reduced by day 2 post-injury and healed significantly faster than untreated wounds. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that both TP2-5 and TP2-6 have multifaceted effects when used as topical agents for accelerating wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jyh-Yih Chen
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Road, Jiaushi, Ilan 262, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (C.-Y.H.)
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27
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Wang P, Theocharidis G, Vlachos IS, Kounas K, Lobao A, Shu B, Wu B, Xie J, Hu Z, Qi S, Tang B, Zhu J, Veves A. Exosomes Derived from Epidermal Stem Cells Improve Diabetic Wound Healing. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2508-2517.e13. [PMID: 35181300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulceration is a major diabetic complication with unmet needs. We investigated the efficacy of epidermal stem cells (ESCs) and ESCs-derived exosomes (ESCs-Exo) in improving impaired diabetic wound healing and their mechanisms of action. In vitro experiments showed that ESCs-Exo enhanced the proliferation and migration of diabetic fibroblasts and macrophages (Mφ), and promoted alternative or M2 Mφ polarization. In wounds of db/db mice, treatment with both ESCs and ESCs-Exo, when compared to fibroblast exosomes (FB-Exo) and PBS control, accelerated wound healing by decreasing inflammation, augmenting wound cell proliferation, stimulating angiogenesis and inducing M2 Mφ polarization. Multiplex protein quantification of wound lysates revealed TGFβ signaling influenced by ESCs-Exo. High-throughput sequencing of small RNAs contained in the ESCs-Exo showed higher proportions of miRNAs when compared to FB-Exo. In silico functional analysis demonstrated that the ESCs-Exo-miRNAs target genes were primarily involved in homeostatic processes and cell differentiation and highlighted regulatory control of PI3K/AKT and TGFβ signaling pathways. This was also validated in vitro. Collectively, our results indicate that ESCs and ESCs-Exo are equally effective in promoting impaired diabetic wound healing and that ESCs-Exo treatment may be a promising and technically advantageous alternative to stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics; Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Georgios Theocharidis
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics
| | - Ioannis S Vlachos
- Cancer Research Institute
- HMS Initiative for RNA Medicine
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Konstantinos Kounas
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics
| | - Antonio Lobao
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics
| | - Bin Shu
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Biaoliang Wu
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics
| | - Julin Xie
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaohai Qi
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Tang
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayuan Zhu
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Aristidis Veves
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics.
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28
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Hao Y, Yang L, Liu Y, Ye Y, Wang J, Yu C, Yan H, Xing Y, Jia Z, Hu C, Zuo H, Li Y. mmu-miR-145a-5p Accelerates Diabetic Wound Healing by Promoting Macrophage Polarization Toward the M2 Phenotype. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:775523. [PMID: 34993211 PMCID: PMC8724056 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.775523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic wounds are recalcitrant to healing. One of the important characteristics of diabetic trauma is impaired macrophage polarization with an excessive inflammatory response. Many studies have described the important regulatory roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in macrophage differentiation and polarization. However, the differentially expressed miRNAs involved in wound healing and their effects on diabetic wounds remain to be further explored. In this study, we first identified differentially expressed miRNAs in the inflammation, tissue formation and reconstruction phases in wound healing using Illumina sequencing and RT-qPCR techniques. Thereafter, the expression of musculus (mmu)-miR-145a-5p (“miR-145a-5p” for short) in excisional wounds of diabetic mice was identified. Finally, expression of miR-145a-5p was measured to determine its effects on macrophage polarization in murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and wound healing in diabetic mice. We identified differentially expressed miRNAs at different stages of wound healing, ten of which were further confirmed by RT-qPCR. Expression of miR-145a-5p in diabetic wounds was downregulated during the tissue formation stage. Furthermore, we observed that miR-145a-5p blocked M1 macrophage polarization while promoting M2 phenotype activation in vitro. Administration of miR-145a-5p mimics during initiation of the repair phase significantly accelerated wound healing in db/db diabetic mice. In conclusion, our findings suggest that rectifying macrophage function using miR-145a-5p overexpression accelerates diabetic chronic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Hao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Leilei Yang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Yumeng Ye
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Xing
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoqian Jia
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Cuicui Hu
- Academy of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongyan Zuo
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China.,Academy of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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29
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Bhamidipati T, Kumar M, Verma SS, Mohanty SK, Kacar S, Reese D, Martinez MM, Kamocka MM, Dunn KW, Sen CK, Singh K. Epigenetic basis of diabetic vasculopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:989844. [PMID: 36568089 PMCID: PMC9780391 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.989844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) causes peripheral vascular disease because of which several blood-borne factors, including vital nutrients fail to reach the affected tissue. Tissue epigenome is sensitive to chronic hyperglycemia and is known to cause pathogenesis of micro- and macrovascular complications. These vascular complications of T2DM may perpetuate the onset of organ dysfunction. The burden of diabetes is primarily because of a wide range of complications of which nonhealing diabetic ulcers represent a major component. Thus, it is imperative that current research help recognize more effective methods for the diagnosis and management of early vascular injuries. This review addresses the significance of epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation and histone modifications in the evolution of macrovascular and microvascular complications of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theja Bhamidipati
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Jefferson-Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Manishekhar Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sumit S. Verma
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sujit K. Mohanty
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sedat Kacar
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Diamond Reese
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Michelle M. Martinez
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Malgorzata M. Kamocka
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kenneth W. Dunn
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Kanhaiya Singh, ; Chandan K. Sen,
| | - Kanhaiya Singh
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Kanhaiya Singh, ; Chandan K. Sen,
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30
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Li X, Ponandai‐Srinivasan S, Nandakumar KS, Fabre S, Xu Landén N, Mavon A, Khmaladze I. Targeting microRNA for improved skin health. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e374. [PMID: 34667882 PMCID: PMC8506131 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In human skin, miRNAs have important regulatory roles and are involved in the development, morphogenesis, and maintenance by influencing cell proliferation, differentiation, immune regulation, and wound healing. MiRNAs have been investigated for many years in various skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, as well as malignant tumors. Only during recent times, cosmeceutical use of molecules/natural active ingredients to regulate miRNA expression for significant advances in skin health/care product development was recognized. AIM To review miRNAs with the potential to maintain and boost skin health and avoid premature aging by improving barrier function, preventing photoaging, hyperpigmentation, and chronological aging/senescence. METHODS Most of the cited articles were found through literature search on PubMed. The main search criteria was a keyword "skin" in combination with the following words: miRNA, photoaging, UV, barrier, aging, exposome, acne, wound healing, pigmentation, pollution, and senescence. Most of the articles reviewed for relevancy were published during the past 10 years. RESULTS All results are summarized in Figure 1, and they are based on cited references. CONCLUSIONS Thus, regulating miRNAs expression is a promising approach for novel therapy not only for targeting skin diseases but also for cosmeceutical interventions aiming to boost skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Oriflame Cosmetics AB; Skin Research InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Sakthi Ponandai‐Srinivasan
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska Institute, and Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- Southern Medical University, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Susanne Fabre
- Oriflame Cosmetics AB; Skin Research InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Ning Xu Landén
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Dermatology and Venereology, Centre of Molecular MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Alain Mavon
- Oriflame Cosmetics AB; Skin Research InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Ia Khmaladze
- Oriflame Cosmetics AB; Skin Research InstituteStockholmSweden
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31
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Burgess JL, Wyant WA, Abdo Abujamra B, Kirsner RS, Jozic I. Diabetic Wound-Healing Science. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:1072. [PMID: 34684109 PMCID: PMC8539411 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57101072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an increasingly prevalent chronic metabolic disease characterized by prolonged hyperglycemia that leads to long-term health consequences. It is estimated that impaired healing of diabetic wounds affects approximately 25% of all patients with diabetes mellitus, often resulting in lower limb amputation, with subsequent high economic and psychosocial costs. The hyperglycemic environment promotes the formation of biofilms and makes diabetic wounds difficult to treat. In this review, we present updates regarding recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetic wounds focusing on impaired angiogenesis, neuropathy, sub-optimal chronic inflammatory response, barrier disruption, and subsequent polymicrobial infection, followed by current and future treatment strategies designed to tackle the various pathologies associated with diabetic wounds. Given the alarming increase in the prevalence of diabetes, and subsequently diabetic wounds, it is imperative that future treatment strategies target multiple causes of impaired healing in diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert S. Kirsner
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (J.L.B.); (W.A.W.); (B.A.A.)
| | - Ivan Jozic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (J.L.B.); (W.A.W.); (B.A.A.)
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32
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Cutaneous innervation in impaired diabetic wound healing. Transl Res 2021; 236:87-108. [PMID: 34029747 PMCID: PMC8380642 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is associated with several potential comorbidities, among them impaired wound healing, chronic ulcerations, and the requirement for lower extremity amputation. Disease-associated abnormal cellular responses, infection, immunological and microvascular dysfunction, and peripheral neuropathy are implicated in the pathogenesis of the wound healing impairment and the diabetic foot ulcer. The skin houses a dense network of sensory nerve afferents and nerve-derived modulators, which communicate with epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts bidirectionally to effect normal wound healing after trauma. However, the mechanisms through which cutaneous innervation modulates wound healing are poorly understood, especially in humans. Better understanding of these mechanisms may provide the basis for targeted treatments for chronic diabetic wounds. This review provides an overview of wound healing pathophysiology with a focus on neural involvement in normal and diabetic wound healing, as well as future therapeutic perspectives to address the unmet needs of diabetic patients with chronic wounds.
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33
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Madhyastha R, Madhyastha H, Nurrahmah QI, Purbasari B, Maruyama M, Nakajima Y. MicroRNA 21 Elicits a Pro-inflammatory Response in Macrophages, with Exosomes Functioning as Delivery Vehicles. Inflammation 2021; 44:1274-1287. [PMID: 33501624 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs can regulate inflammatory responses by modulating macrophage polarization. Although microRNA miR-21 is linked to crucial processes involved in inflammatory responses, its precise role in macrophage polarization is controversial. In this study, we investigated the functional relevance of endogenous miRNA-21 and the role of exosomes. RAW 264.7 macrophages were transfected with miR-21 plasmid, and the inflammatory response was evaluated by flow cytometry, phagocytosis, and real-time PCR analysis of inflammatory cytokines. To understand the signaling pathways' role, the cells were treated with inhibitors specific for PI3K or NFĸB. Exosomes from transfected cells were used to study the paracrine action of miR-21 on naive macrophages. Overexpression of miR-21 resulted in significant upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pushing the cells towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype, with partial involvement of PI3K and NFĸB signal pathways. The cells also secreted miR-21 rich exosomes, which, on delivery to naive macrophages, caused them to exhibit pro-inflammatory activity. The presence of miR-21 inhibitor quenched the inflammatory response. This study validates the pro-inflammatory property of miR-21 with a tendency to foster an inflammatory milieu. Our findings also reinforce the dual importance of exosomal miR-21 as a biomarker and therapeutic target in inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Madhyastha
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake Cho, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake Cho, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Queen Intan Nurrahmah
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake Cho, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Bethasiwi Purbasari
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake Cho, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Masugi Maruyama
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake Cho, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nakajima
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake Cho, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.
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Barakat M, DiPietro LA, Chen L. Limited Treatment Options for Diabetic Wounds: Barriers to Clinical Translation Despite Therapeutic Success in Murine Models. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2021; 10:436-460. [PMID: 33050829 PMCID: PMC8236303 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2020.1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Millions of people worldwide suffer from diabetes mellitus and its complications, including chronic diabetic wounds. To date, there are few widely successful clinical therapies specific to diabetic wounds beyond general wound care, despite the vast number of scientific discoveries in the pathogenesis of defective healing in diabetes. Recent Advances: In recent years, murine animal models of diabetes have enabled the investigation of many possible therapeutics for diabetic wound care. These include specific cell types, growth factors, cytokines, peptides, small molecules, plant extracts, microRNAs, extracellular vesicles, novel wound dressings, mechanical interventions, bioengineered materials, and more. Critical Issues: Despite many research discoveries, few have been translated from their success in murine models to clinical use in humans. This massive gap between bench discovery and bedside application begs the simple and critical question: what is still missing? The complexity and multiplicity of the diabetic wound makes it an immensely challenging therapeutic target, and this lopsided progress highlights the need for new methods to overcome the bench-to-bedside barrier. How can laboratory discoveries in animal models be effectively translated to novel clinical therapies for human patients? Future Directions: As research continues to decipher deficient healing in diabetes, new approaches and considerations are required to ensure that these discoveries can become translational, clinically usable therapies. Clinical progress requires the development of new, more accurate models of the human disease state, multifaceted investigations that address multiple critical components in wound repair, and more innovative research strategies that harness both the existing knowledge and the potential of new advances across disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Barakat
- Center for Wound Repair and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Luisa A. DiPietro
- Center for Wound Repair and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lin Chen
- Center for Wound Repair and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Liu SC, Bamodu OA, Kuo KT, Fong IH, Lin CC, Yeh CT, Chen SG. Adipose-derived stem cell induced-tissue repair or wound healing is mediated by the concomitant upregulation of miR-21 and miR-29b expression and activation of the AKT signaling pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 705:108895. [PMID: 33933426 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), a subpopulation of mesenchymal stem cells, are characterized by their potential to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. Due to their abundance and relative ease of procurement, ADSCs are widely used for tissue repair and regeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of ADSCs remain unknown. METHODS MicroRNAs have emerged as important signaling molecules in skin wound healing, and their roles in ADSC-based therapies must be addressed. Here, we investigated the potential of ADSCs in improving cutaneous wound healing in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We simulated the microenvironment of the wound site by coculturing human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) with ADSCs. We found that cocultured HDFs expressed significantly higher levels of miR-29b and miR-21 and had higher proliferation and migration rates than ADSCs cultured without HDFs. Moreover, increased expression of Collagen Type I Alpha 1 Chain (COL1A1), Collagen Type III Alpha 1 Chain (COL3A1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), p-Akt and decreased expression of Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 was detected, suggesting extracellular remodeling and fibroblast activation and proliferation. We validated the in vitro results by using a rodent skin excisional wound model and implanted ADSC sheets in the wound. Compared with the controls, wounds implanted with ADSC sheets had significantly higher rates of wound-closure; increased expression of α-SMA, VEGF, PI3k, PTEN, COL1A1, and COL3A1; decreased expression of PTEN and MMP1; and upregulated levels of miR-29b and miR-21 in the skin. CONCLUSION In summary, we evidenced that ADSCs facilitate the increase in miR-29b and miR-21 levels and promote the activation and proliferation of dermal fibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, with the associated release of VEGF. Thus, the ADSC-mediated increase in microRNAs is essential in tissue repair and has a therapeutic potential in cutaneous wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Cheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, 114, Taiwan.
| | - Oluwaseun Adebayo Bamodu
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, 235, Taiwan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, 235, Taiwan.
| | - Kuang-Tai Kuo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Iat-Hang Fong
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, 235, Taiwan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, 235, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Cheng Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, No. 306, Yuanpei Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, 235, Taiwan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, 235, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, No. 306, Yuanpei Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Shyi-Gen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ross K. MiR equal than others: MicroRNA enhancement for cutaneous wound healing. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:8050-8059. [PMID: 34160067 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Keratinocyte migration is vital in the re-epithelialisation of the skin during wound healing. Multiple factors conspire to impair closure of chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, venous leg ulcers and pressure wounds. Despite deep mechanistic understanding of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and function, the translational potential of these small genetic molecules has not been exploited to promote wound repair. In this review, I focus on miRNAs whose importance for wound healing stems from their impact on epidermal keratinocyte behaviour. These include miR-21-5p, miR-31-5p, miR-132-3p, miR-19b, miR-20a, miR-184, miR-129-5p and miR-335-5p which regulate diverse aspect of keratinocyte biology such as migration, proliferation, differentiation, inflammation and wound closure. A combinatorial approach where two or more miRNA mimics targeting distinct but complementary wound healing processes is proposed as this may enhance wound repair more effectively than any single miRNA mimic alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Ross
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England, UK
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37
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Xu Z, Liang B, Tian J, Wu J. Anti-inflammation biomaterial platforms for chronic wound healing. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4388-4409. [PMID: 34013915 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00637a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, there has been an increase in the number of people with chronic wounds, which has resulted in serious health problems worldwide. The rate-limiting stage of chronic wound healing has been found to be the inflammation stage, and strategies for shortening the prolonged inflammatory response have proven to be effective for increasing the healing rate. Recently, various anti-inflammatory strategies (such as anti-inflammatory drugs, antioxidant, NO regulation, antibacterial, immune regulation and angiogenesis) have attracted attention as potential therapeutic pathways. Moreover, various biomaterial platforms based on anti-inflammation therapy strategies have also emerged in the spotlight as potential therapies to accelerate the repair of chronic wounds. In this review, we systematically investigated the advances of various biomaterial platforms based on anti-inflammation strategies for chronic wound healing, to provide valuable guidance for future breakthroughs in chronic wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China.
| | - Biao Liang
- Center of Digestive Endoscopy, Guangdong Second Provincial general Hospital, No. 466, Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510317, Haizhu District, China.
| | - Junzhang Tian
- Center of Digestive Endoscopy, Guangdong Second Provincial general Hospital, No. 466, Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510317, Haizhu District, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China.
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38
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Duran-Mota JA, Yani JQ, Almquist BD, Borrós S, Oliva N. Polyplex-Loaded Hydrogels for Local Gene Delivery to Human Dermal Fibroblasts. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4347-4361. [PMID: 34081451 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Impaired cutaneous healing leading to chronic wounds affects between 2 and 6% of the total population in most developed countries and it places a substantial burden on healthcare budgets. Current treatments involving antibiotic dressings and mechanical debridement are often not effective, causing severe pain, emotional distress, and social isolation in patients for years or even decades, ultimately resulting in limb amputation. Alternatively, gene therapy (such as mRNA therapies) has emerged as a viable option to promote wound healing through modulation of gene expression. However, protecting the genetic cargo from degradation and efficient transfection into primary cells remain significant challenges in the push to clinical translation. Another limiting aspect of current therapies is the lack of sustained release of drugs to match the therapeutic window. Herein, we have developed an injectable, biodegradable and cytocompatible hydrogel-based wound dressing that delivers poly(β-amino ester)s (pBAEs) nanoparticles in a sustained manner over a range of therapeutic windows. We also demonstrate that pBAE nanoparticles, successfully used in previous in vivo studies, protect the mRNA load and efficiently transfect human dermal fibroblasts upon sustained release from the hydrogel wound dressing. This prototype wound dressing technology can enable the development of novel gene therapies for the treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio Duran-Mota
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, Barcelona 08017, Spain.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Júlia Quintanas Yani
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, Barcelona 08017, Spain.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin D Almquist
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Salvador Borrós
- Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, Barcelona 08017, Spain
| | - Nuria Oliva
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Jin MH, Yu NN, Jin YH, Mao YY, Feng L, Liu Y, Wang AG, Sun HN, Kwon T, Han YH. Peroxiredoxin II with dermal mesenchymal stem cells accelerates wound healing. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:13926-13940. [PMID: 34030134 PMCID: PMC8202850 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin II (Prx II) is involved in proliferation, differentiation, and aging in various cell types. However, Prx II-mediated stem cell regulation is poorly understood. Here, dermal mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs), cell-growth factor-rich conditioned medium from DMSCs (DMSC-CM), and DMSC-derived exosomes (DMSC-Exos) were used to explore the regulatory role of Prx II in DMSC wound healing. Following treatment, wound healing was significantly decelerated in Prx II-/- DMSCs than in Prx II+/+ DMSCs. In vitro stimulation with 10 μM H2O2 significantly increased apoptosis in Prx II-/- DMSCs compared with Prx II+/+ DMSCs. The mRNA expression levels of EGF, b-FGF, PDGF-B, and VEGF did not significantly differ between Prx II-/- and Prx II+/+ DMSCs. Fibroblasts proliferated comparably when treated with Prx II+/+ DMSC-CM or Prx II-/- DMSC-CM. Wound healing was significantly higher in the Prx II-/- DMSC-Exos-treated group than in the Prx II+/+ DMSCs-Exos-treated group. Moreover, microRNA (miR)-21-5p expression levels were lower and miR-221 levels were higher in Prx II-/- DMSCs than in Prx II+/+ DMSCs. Therefore, our results indicate that Prx II accelerated wound healing by protecting DMSCs from reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis; however, Prx II did not regulate cell/growth factor secretion. Prx II potentially regulates exosome functions via miR-21-5p and miR-221.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hua Jin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Nan-Nan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
- Department of Plasma Bioscience and Display, Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Kwangwoon University, Nowon-gu 01897, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Hua Jin
- Library and Information Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Mao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Lin Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Guo Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si 56216, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Hao Han
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
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40
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Blanco-Fernandez B, Castaño O, Mateos-Timoneda MÁ, Engel E, Pérez-Amodio S. Nanotechnology Approaches in Chronic Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2021; 10:234-256. [PMID: 32320364 PMCID: PMC8035922 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: The incidence of chronic wounds is increasing due to our aging population and the augment of people afflicted with diabetes. With the extended knowledge on the biological mechanisms underlying these diseases, there is a novel influx of medical technologies into the conventional wound care market. Recent Advances: Several nanotechnologies have been developed demonstrating unique characteristics that address specific problems related to wound repair mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the most recently developed nanotechnology-based therapeutic agents and evaluate the efficacy of each treatment in in vivo diabetic models of chronic wound healing. Critical Issues: Despite the development of potential biomaterials and nanotechnology-based applications for wound healing, this scientific knowledge is not translated into an increase of commercially available wound healing products containing nanomaterials. Future Directions: Further studies are critical to provide insights into how scientific evidences from nanotechnology-based therapies can be applied in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Blanco-Fernandez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Castaño
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
- Bioelectronics Unit and Nanobioengineering Lab, Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the University of Barcelona (IN2UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Mateos-Timoneda
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
- Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Engel
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
- Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soledad Pérez-Amodio
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
- Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
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41
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Paschou SA, Siasos G, Katsiki N, Tentolouris N, Tousoulis D. The Role of microRNAs in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Complications. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:5969-5979. [PMID: 33138753 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201102102233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs represent a class of small (19-25 nucleotides) single-strand pieces of RNA that are noncoding ones. They are synthesized by RNA polymerase II from transcripts that fold back on themselves. They mostly act as gene regulatory agents that pair with complementary sequences on mRNA and produce silencing complexes, which, in turn, suppress coding genes at a post-transcriptional level. There is now evidence that microRNAs may affect insulin secretion or insulin action, as they can alter pancreatic beta cells development, insulin production, as well as insulin signaling. Any molecular disorder that affects these pathways can deteriorate insulin resistance and lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) onset. Furthermore, the expression of several microRNAs is up- or down-regulated in the presence of diabetic microvascular complications (i.e., peripheral neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, foot ulcers), as well as in patients with coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. However, more evidence is needed, specifically regarding T2DM patients, to establish the use of such microRNAs as diagnostical biomarkers or therapeutic targets in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula A Paschou
- Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527Athens, Greece
| | - Niki Katsiki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Centre, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tousoulis
- Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Li J, Wei M, Liu X, Xiao S, Cai Y, Li F, Tian J, Qi F, Xu G, Deng C. The progress, prospects, and challenges of the use of non-coding RNA for diabetic wounds. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 24:554-578. [PMID: 33981479 PMCID: PMC8063712 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diabetic wounds affect the quality of life of patients, resulting in significant social and economic burdens on both individuals and the health care system. Although treatment methods for chronic diabetic wounds have been explored, there remains a lack of effective treatment strategies; therefore, alternative strategies must be explored. Recently, the abnormal expression of non-coding RNA in diabetic wounds has received widespread attention since it is an important factor in the development of diabetic wounds. This article reviews the regulatory role of three common non-coding RNAs (microRNA [miRNA], long non-coding RNA [lncRNA], and circular RNA [circRNA]) in diabetic wounds and discusses the diagnosis, treatment potential, and challenges of non-coding RNA in diabetic wounds. This article provides insights into new strategies for diabetic wound diagnosis and treatment at the genetic and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Injury Repair and Regenerative Medicine Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Affiliated Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Wei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Injury Repair and Regenerative Medicine Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Affiliated Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Injury Repair and Regenerative Medicine Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Affiliated Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shune Xiao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Injury Repair and Regenerative Medicine Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Affiliated Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Cai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Tian
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Injury Repair and Regenerative Medicine Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Affiliated Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Qi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Injury Repair and Regenerative Medicine Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Affiliated Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangchao Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Injury Repair and Regenerative Medicine Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Affiliated Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengliang Deng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Injury Repair and Regenerative Medicine Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Affiliated Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
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Idlett-Ali S, Liechty KW, Xu J. Deviations in MicroRNA-21 Expression Patterns Identify a Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Wound Healing. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOBIOLOGY 2021; 6:155. [PMID: 36282999 PMCID: PMC9583731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a major role in impaired healing of diabetic wounds. Mounting evidence highlights the role of controlled, sequential polarization of macrophages in producing the appropriate progression through the stages of wound healing: inflammation (pro- inflammatory stage), proliferation and remodeling (regenerative stage). Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, maintain critical roles in regulating normal biological processes, such as wound healing; and are being explored as therapeutic targets for modulating dysfunction in disease states. Interestingly, microRNA-21 (miR-21) has a suggested role in the induction of pro-inflammatory and regenerative stages of healing, but clarity remains elusive on the specific mechanisms determining the direction miR-21 shifts wound healing processes. Findings by Liechty et al. in International Journal of Molecular Science indicate an important role of miR-21, in shaping the wound healing cascade by preferentially inducing M1-like (pro-inflammatory) polarization of macrophages in the early phase of diabetic wound healing. Persistent elevation of miR-21 is suggestive of sustained pro-inflammatory drive, and subsequent wound healing impairment, in the skin of diabetic murine models and diabetic human skin. Differences in the expression patterns of miR-21 during diabetic wound healing identifies the potentially critical role of therapeutic timing, for miR-21 based therapies, in driving positive outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Junwang Xu
- Corresponding Author:Junwang Xu, Department of Surgery, Laboratory for Fetal and Regenerative Biology University of Colorado, Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus and Children’s Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA;
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Liu R, Guan S, Gao Z, Wang J, Xu J, Hao Z, Zhang Y, Yang S, Guo Z, Yang J, Shao H, Chang B. Pathological Hyperinsulinemia and Hyperglycemia in the Impaired Glucose Tolerance Stage Mediate Endothelial Dysfunction Through miR-21, PTEN/AKT/eNOS, and MARK/ET-1 Pathways. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:644159. [PMID: 33967958 PMCID: PMC8104127 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.644159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is an important prediabetic stage characterized by elevated concentrations of glucose and insulin in the blood. The pathological hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in IGT may regulate the expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) and affect the downstream insulin signaling pathways, leading to endothelial cell dysfunction and early renal damage. METHODS The individual and combined effects of insulin and glucose were investigated using human glomerular endothelial cells (HGECs). The expression levels of miR-21, and PTEN/AKT/eNOS and MAPK/ET-1 pathway proteins in the treated cells were measured. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) secreted by the cells were also measured. The role of miR-21 in mediating the regulatory effects of insulin and glucose was assessed by overexpression/inhibition of this miRNA using mimics/inhibitor. RESULTS High (>16.7 mmol/L) concentration of glucose upregulated the expression of miR-21, leading to the activation and inhibition of the PTEN/AKT/eNOS and MAPK/ET-1 pathways, and upregulation of NO and downregulation of ET-1 secretion, respectively. High (>25 ng/mL) concentration of insulin downregulated the expression of miR-21, and lead to the activation of the MAPK/ET-1 and inhibition of the PTEN/AKT/eNOS pathway, thereby upregulating the expression of ET-1 and downregulating the secretion of NO. MiR-21 was observed to play a key role by directly controlling the activation of the insulin signaling pathways when the cells were cotreated with different concentrations of insulin and glucose. The expression of miR-21 was found to be dependent on the relative concentration of insulin and glucose. Under simulated conditions of the IGT stage (8.3 mmol/L glucose + 50 ng/mL insulin), the inhibitory effect of high insulin concentration on miR-21 expression in the cells attenuated the activation by high glucose concentration, resulting in the downregulation of miR-21, upregulation of ET-1 and downregulation of NO secretion. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results indicate that high insulin and glucose concentrations regulate the secretory function of glomerular endothelial cells in opposite ways by regulating the expression of miRNA-21. Pathological concentrations of insulin and glucose in the IGT stage may lead to a decrease in miR-21 expression, thereby disordering the secretion of vasoactive factors, resulting in renal tubule ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Fourth Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, The Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shilin Guan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongai Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaohu Hao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Fourth Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, The Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaohua Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenhong Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juhong Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailin Shao
- Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Fourth Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, The Fourth Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hailin Shao, ; Baocheng Chang,
| | - Baocheng Chang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hailin Shao, ; Baocheng Chang,
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Roy D, Modi A, Khokhar M, Sankanagoudar S, Yadav D, Sharma S, Purohit P, Sharma P. MicroRNA 21 Emerging Role in Diabetic Complications: A Critical Update. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:122-135. [PMID: 32359340 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666200503035035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes Mellitus is a multifactorial disease encompassing various pathogenic pathways. To avoid morbidity and mortality related to diabetic complications, early detection of disease complications as well as targeted therapeutic strategies are essential. INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs (miRs) are short non-coding RNA molecules that regulate eukaryotic posttranscriptional gene expression. MicroRNA-21 has diverse gene regulatory functions and plays a significant role in various complications of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS The study included electronic database searches on Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science with the search items MicroRNA21 and each of the diabetic complications. The search was carried out up to November, 2019. RESULTS MicroRNA-21 modulates diabetic cardiomyopathy by affecting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and apoptosis, cardiac cell growth and death, and cardiac fibroblast functions. At the renal tubules, miR-21 can regulate the mesangial expansion, interstitial fibrosis, macrophage infiltration, podocyte loss, albuminuria and fibrotic and inflammatory gene expression related to diabetic nephropathy. Overexpression of miR-21 has been seen to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy by contributing to diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction as well as low-grade inflammation. CONCLUSION Considering the raised levels of miR-21 in various diabetic complications, it may prove to be a candidate biomarker for diabetic complications. Further, miR-21 antagonists have shown great potential in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic neuropathy related complications in the future. The current review is the first of its kind encompassing the roles miR-21 plays in various diabetic complications, with a critical discussion of its future potential role as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipayan Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, India
| | - Anupama Modi
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, India
| | - Manoj Khokhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, India
| | | | - Dharamveer Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, India
| | - Shailja Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, India
| | - Purvi Purohit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, India
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MicroRNAs: An Update of Applications in Forensic Science. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 11:diagnostics11010032. [PMID: 33375374 PMCID: PMC7823886 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs containing 18–24 nucleotides that are involved in the regulation of many biochemical mechanisms in the human body. The level of miRNAs in body fluids and tissues increases because of altered pathophysiological mechanisms, thus they are employed as biomarkers for various diseases and conditions. In recent years, miRNAs obtained a great interest in many fields of forensic medicine given their stability and specificity. Several specific miRNAs have been studied in body fluid identification, in wound vitality in time of death determination, in drowning, in the anti-doping field, and other forensic fields. However, the major problems are (1) lack of universal protocols for diagnostic expression testing and (2) low reproducibility of independent studies. This review is an update on the application of these molecular markers in forensic biology.
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Buckley H, Dumville J, Hodgkinson M, Wearmouth D, Barlow G, van der Woude M, Cullum N, Chetter I, Lagos D. Characterisation of baseline microbiological and host factors in an inception cohort of people with surgical wounds healing by secondary intention reveals circulating IL-6 levels as a potential predictive biomarker of healing. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:80. [PMID: 34104801 PMCID: PMC8160585 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15688.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: More than 2 million people per year are treated for surgical wounds in the UK. Over a quarter of these wounds are estimated to heal by secondary intention (from the "bottom up") resulting in further complications and requiring increased healthcare resources. Identification of microbiological or host biomarkers that can predict healing outcomes may help to optimize the management of surgical wounds healing by secondary intention. However, the microbial and host factor heterogeneity amongst this diverse population is completely unexplored. Methods: We demonstrate feasibility of determining presence and levels of wound microbes and systemic host factors in an inception cohort of 54 people presenting with surgical wounds healing by secondary intention, who were subsequently followed-up for a period of 12-21 months. We present descriptive statistics for plasma levels of inflammatory, angiogenic cytokines and microRNAs, and we identify a range of wound colonizing microbes. We tentatively explore association with healing aiming to generate hypotheses for future research. Results: We report a potential correlation between poor healing outcomes and elevated interleukin (IL)-6 plasma levels at presentation (ρ=0.13) which requires confirmation. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the degree of biological heterogeneity amongst people with surgical wounds healing by secondary intention and proves the feasibility of embedding a biomarker discovery study in a cohort study in surgical wounds. Our results are essential for designing large biomarker discovery studies to further investigate the potential validity of circulating IL-6 or other factors as novel predictive biomarkers of healing for surgical wounds healing by secondary intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Buckley
- York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jo Dumville
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Michael Hodgkinson
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Debbie Wearmouth
- Department of Infection, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, HU3 2JZ, UK
| | - Gavin Barlow
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Marjan van der Woude
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Nicky Cullum
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.,Research and Innovation Division, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ian Chetter
- Academic Vascular Surgical Unit, Hull York Medical School / Hull University Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Hull, HU3 2JZ, UK
| | - Dimitris Lagos
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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Luo Y, Guo J, Xu P, Gui R. Long Non-coding RNA GAS5 Maintains Insulin Secretion by Regulating Multiple miRNAs in INS-1 832/13 Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:559267. [PMID: 33195407 PMCID: PMC7542228 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.559267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease characterized by reduced pancreatic islets β-cell mass and impaired insulin release from these cells. Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNA) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), play a role in the progression of T2DM. Decreased serum lncRNA GAS5 levels were reported to be associated with T2DM. However, the role of GAS5 in regulating islet cell functions remain unknown. In this study, we found that the serum levels of GAS5 were significantly lower in patients with T2DM compared with healthy control subjects, and the low serum GAS5 levels were associated with high levels of HbAlc and fasting glucose in patients with T2DM. In addition, we found that serum GAS5 levels were negatively correlated with the serum levels of miR-29a-3p, miR-96-3p, and miR-208a-3p in patients with T2DM. Consequently, using INS-1 832/13 rat β-cell line, we found that overexpression of GAS5 by lentivirus infection increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin content compared with negative control, whereas knockdown of GAS5 expression reduced both them. Moreover, GAS5 interacted with miR-29a-3p, miR-96-3p, and miR-208a-3p in INS-1 832/13 cells, as judged by pull-down assay and dual luciferase reporter assay. GAS5 overexpression caused the decrease in expression of miR-29a-3p, miR-96-3p, and miR-208a-3p in INS-1 832/13 cells and conversely caused the increase in expression of insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate, and phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1. Thus, these results reveal a novel mechanism whereby GAS5 is involved in maintaining insulin secretion and may represent a novel therapeutic target for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Luo
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Guo
- National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pingsheng Xu
- National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Gui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Tan CT, Liang K, Ngo ZH, Dube CT, Lim CY. Application of 3D Bioprinting Technologies to the Management and Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E441. [PMID: 33096771 PMCID: PMC7589916 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a serious complication of DM. It is estimated that 15-25% of DM patients develop DFU at least once in their lifetime. The lack of effective wound dressings and targeted therapy for DFUs often results in prolonged hospitalization and amputations. As the incidence of DM is projected to rise, the demand for specialized DFU wound management will continue to increase. Hence, it is of great interest to improve and develop effective DFU-specific wound dressings and therapies. In the last decade, 3D bioprinting technology has made a great contribution to the healthcare sector, with the development of personalized prosthetics, implants, and bioengineered tissues. In this review, we discuss the challenges faced in DFU wound management and how 3D bioprinting technology can be applied to advance current treatment methods, such as biomanufacturing of composite 3D human skin substitutes for skin grafting and the development of DFU-appropriate wound dressings. Future co-development of 3D bioprinting technologies with novel treatment approaches to mitigate DFU-specific pathophysiological challenges will be key to limiting the healthcare burden associated with the increasing prevalence of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chew Teng Tan
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; (C.T.T.); (K.L.); (Z.H.N.); (C.T.D.)
| | - Kun Liang
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; (C.T.T.); (K.L.); (Z.H.N.); (C.T.D.)
| | - Zong Heng Ngo
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; (C.T.T.); (K.L.); (Z.H.N.); (C.T.D.)
| | - Christabel Thembela Dube
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; (C.T.T.); (K.L.); (Z.H.N.); (C.T.D.)
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Chin Yan Lim
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; (C.T.T.); (K.L.); (Z.H.N.); (C.T.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
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H M, S H, N QI, R M, A M, R S, L S S, K B, P B, H D, P N N, M M, Y N. Surface refined Au Quercetin nanoconjugate stimulates dermal cell migration: possible implication in wound healing. RSC Adv 2020; 10:37683-37694. [PMID: 35515178 PMCID: PMC9057138 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06690g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Refining nutraceutical conjugated metal nanoparticles (NPs) and understanding their interactions with the cellular micro-environment is necessary for their application in nanomedicine. In the present experiment, we studied the effect of quercetin functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuQurNP) on skin fibroblast and keratinocyte cell migration. Spherical shaped AuQurNPs of 47 nm in size were formed due to the interaction of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups of quercetin with Au atoms as revealed by incremental algorithm-based analysis. AuQurNP containing up to 5 μg l−1 of Au with quercetin (5.2 ± 1.6 ng ml−1) was least toxic to fibroblasts. AuQurNP effectively reduced the generation of intracellular ROS (up to 63%) through free-radical scavenging activity. AuQurNP also enhanced the rate of migration of fibroblasts (24 h) and keratinocytes (20 h) in artificially created wounds. The rate of migration of the cells towards the wound edge was in the order of AuQurNP > control > quercetin > AuNP. AuQurNP also significantly increased the expression of TGFβ1 protein, thereby inducing the downstream SMAD complex (SMAD 2–4). Downregulation of the inhibitory protein SMAD 7 by AuQurNP helped in the nuclear translocation of SMADs 3 and 4. Collectively, the present in vitro study demonstrates the action of AuQurNP on the SMAD family and the interconnected molecular mechanism leading to the cell migration process. AuQuercetin nano conjugates enhances cell migration via TGFβ1.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhyastha H
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Miyazaki 889 1692 Japan
| | - Halder S
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 Tamilnadu India
| | - Queen Intan N
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Miyazaki 889 1692 Japan
| | - Madhyastha R
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Miyazaki 889 1692 Japan
| | - Mohanapriya A
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 Tamilnadu India
| | - Sudhakaran R
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 Tamilnadu India
| | - Sajitha L S
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 Tamilnadu India
| | - Banerjee K
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 Tamilnadu India
| | - Bethasiwi P
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Miyazaki 889 1692 Japan
| | - Daima H
- Amity Center for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan Jaipur 303002 Rajasthan India
| | - Navya P N
- Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Sathyamangalam Erode 638401 Tamilnadu India
| | - Maruyama M
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Miyazaki 889 1692 Japan
| | - Nakajima Y
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Miyazaki 889 1692 Japan
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