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Li JL, Kwan KJS, Lin XG, Wang J, Chen B, Lu YJ, Wang B, Xie SS, Zhou J, Yu B, Deng Y, Jiang S, Tang JD. The Buerger's rabbit model: a closer step to unravelling thromboangiitis obliterans? Thromb J 2024; 22:69. [PMID: 39075498 PMCID: PMC11285203 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-024-00638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) remains clinical challenging due to its rarity and underwhelming management outcomes. This study aimed to describe a novel TAO rabbit model that demonstrates a closer resemblance to TAO. METHODS Thirty-six New Zealand rabbits underwent the surgical implantation of calibrated gelatin sponge particles (CGSPs) into their right femoral artery. The CGSPs were soaked in different solutions to simulate different types of thrombi: normal (NT; normal saline); inflammatory TAO thrombus (TAO; dimethylsulfoxide [DMSO]), and DMSO with methotrexate (MTX). All groups underwent clinical assessment, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and histopathological analysis at time points day 0 (immediate), week 1 (acute), week 2 (subacute), and week 4 (chronic). RESULTS The TAO rabbit presented with signs of ischemia of the right digit at week 4. On DSA, the TAO rabbits exhibited formation of corkscrew collaterals starting week 1. On H&E staining, gradual CGSP degradation was observed along with increased red blood cell aggregation and inflammatory cells migration in week 1. On week 2, disorganization of the tunica media layer and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation was observed. In the TAO rabbit, migrated VSMCs, inflammatory cells, and extracellular matrix with collagen-like substances gradually occluded the lumen. On week 4, the arterial lumen of the TAO rabbit was filled with relatively-organized VSMC and endothelial cell clusters with less inflammatory cells. Neorevascularization was found in the MTX-treated group. CONCLUSION The novel TAO rabbit model shows a closer resemblance to human TAO clinically, radiographically, and histopathologically. Histological analysis of the IT progression in the TAO model suggests that it is of VSMC origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Long Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Kristine J S Kwan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Xue-Guang Lin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Yi-Jie Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Shi-Shuai Xie
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Jiong Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Ying Deng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai, 201399, China.
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai, 201399, China.
| | - Jing-Dong Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai, 201399, China.
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2
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Bao H, Li B, You Q, Dun X, Zhang Z, Liang Y, Li Y, Jiang Q, Zhang R, Chen R, Chen W, Zheng Y, Li D, Cui L. Exposure to real-ambient particulate matter induced vascular hypertrophy through activation of PDGFRβ. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 449:130985. [PMID: 36801716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular toxicity induced by particulate matter (PM) exposure exacerbates the onset and development of cardiovascular diseases; however, its detailed mechanism remains unclear. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) acts as a mitogen for vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and is therefore essential for normal vasoformation. However, the potential effects of PDGFRβ on VSMCs in PM-induced vascular toxicity have not yet been elucidated. METHODS To reveal the potential roles of PDGFRβ signalling in vascular toxicity, individually ventilated cage (IVC)-based real-ambient PM exposure system mouse models and PDGFRβ overexpression mouse models were established in vivo, along with in vitro VSMCs models. RESULTS Vascular hypertrophy was observed following PM-induced PDGFRβ activation in C57/B6 mice, and the regulation of hypertrophy-related genes led to vascular wall thickening. Enhanced PDGFRβ expression in VSMCs aggravated PM-induced smooth muscle hypertrophy, which was attenuated by inhibiting the PDGFRβ and janus kinase 2 /signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathways. CONCLUSION Our study identified the PDGFRβ gene as a potential biomarker of PM-induced vascular toxicity. PDGFRβ induced hypertrophic effects through the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, which may be a biological target for the vascular toxic effects caused by PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Bao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Benying Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing You
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyu Dun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanan Liang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yahui Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qixiao Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Daochuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lianhua Cui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Qin X, Gao A, Hou X, Xu X, Chen L, Sun L, Hao Y, Shi Y. Connexins may play a critical role in cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary hypertension. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1609-1621. [PMID: 35344070 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic progressive disease characterized by pulmonary vasoconstriction and remodeling. It causes a gradual increase in pulmonary vascular resistance leading to right-sided heart failure, and may be fatal. Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) is an essential risk factor for PH group 3; however, smoking continues to be prevalent and smoking cessation is reported to be difficult. A majority of smokers exhibit PH, which leads to a concomitant increase in the risk of mortality. The current treatments for PH group 3 focus on vasodilation and long-term oxygen supplementation, and fail to stop or reverse PH-associated continuous vascular remodeling. Recent studies have suggested that pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by CS exposure may be an initial event in the natural history of PH, which in turn may be associated with abnormal alterations in connexin (Cx) expression. The relationship between Cx and CS-induced PH development has not yet been directly investigated. Therefore, this review will describe the roles of CS and Cx in the development of PH and discuss the related downstream pathways. We also discuss the possible role of Cx in CS-induced PH. It is hoped that this review may provide new perspectives for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiang Qin
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- China Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Anqi Gao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaomin Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- China Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinrong Xu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Liangjin Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Lin Sun
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuxuan Hao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yiwei Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
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Ho CC, Chen YC, Tsai MH, Tsai HT, Weng CY, Yet SF, Lin P. Ambient Particulate Matter Induces Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Changes via NOX1/ROS/NF-κB Dependent and Independent Pathways: Protective Effects of Polyphenols. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050782. [PMID: 34069133 PMCID: PMC8156007 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure and vascular diseases. Here, we observed that treatment with ambient PM increased cell migration ability in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and pulmonary arterial SMCs (PASMCs). These results suggest that VSMCs and PASMCs transitioned from a differentiated to a synthetic phenotype after PM exposure. Furthermore, treatment with PM increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), activated the NF-κB signaling pathway, and increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in VSMCs. Using specific inhibitors, we demonstrated that PM increased the migration ability of VSMCs via the nicotinamide–adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 1 (NOX1)/ROS-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway, which also partially involved in the induction of proinflammatory cytokines. Finally, we investigated whether nature polyphenolic compounds prevent PM-induced migration and proinflammatory cytokines secretion in VSMCs. Curcumin, resveratrol, and gallic acid prevented PM2.5-induced migration via the ROS-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway. However, honokiol did not prevent PM2.5-induced migration or activation of the ROS-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway. On the other hand, all polyphenols prevented PM2.5-induced cytokines secretion. These data indicated that polyphenols prevented PM-induced migration and cytokine secretion via blocking the ROS-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway in VSMCs. However, other mechanisms may also contribute to PM-induced cytokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Ho
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 53053, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (M.-H.T.); (H.-T.T.); (C.-Y.W.)
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 53053, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (M.-H.T.); (H.-T.T.); (C.-Y.W.)
| | - Ming-Hsien Tsai
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 53053, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (M.-H.T.); (H.-T.T.); (C.-Y.W.)
| | - Hui-Ti Tsai
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 53053, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (M.-H.T.); (H.-T.T.); (C.-Y.W.)
| | - Chen-Yi Weng
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 53053, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (M.-H.T.); (H.-T.T.); (C.-Y.W.)
| | - Shaw-Fang Yet
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 53053, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-F.Y.); (P.L.); Tel.: +886-37-246166 (ext. 38311) (S.-F.Y.); +886-37-246166 (ext. 36508) (P.L.)
| | - Pinpin Lin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 53053, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (M.-H.T.); (H.-T.T.); (C.-Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (S.-F.Y.); (P.L.); Tel.: +886-37-246166 (ext. 38311) (S.-F.Y.); +886-37-246166 (ext. 36508) (P.L.)
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5
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Lin J, Taggart M, Borthwick L, Fisher A, Brodlie M, Sassano MF, Tarran R, Gray MA. Acute cigarette smoke or extract exposure rapidly activates TRPA1-mediated calcium influx in primary human airway smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9643. [PMID: 33953304 PMCID: PMC8100124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is the largest risk factor for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and is associated with hyperresponsiveness of airway smooth muscle (ASM). Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) leads to airway inflammation and remodelling. However, the direct effect of gaseous CS or CS extract (CSE) on human airway smooth muscle cell (hASMC) function remains poorly understood. This study investigated the acute effect of CS/CSE on calcium homeostasis, a key regulator of ASM physiology and pathophysiology. Primary hASMC were isolated from non-smoking donor lungs, and subjected to Ca2+ imaging studies. We found that both CS, and CSE, rapidly elevated cytosolic Ca2+ in hASMC through stimulation of plasmalemmal Ca2+ influx, but excluded store-operated and L-type Ca2+ channels as mediators of this effect. Using a specific pharmacological inhibitor, or shRNA-driven knockdown, we established that both CS and CSE stimulated Ca2+ influx in hASMC through the neurogenic pain receptor channel, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1). CS/CSE-dependent, TRPA1-mediated Ca2+ influx led to myosin light-chain phosphorylation, a key process regulating ASM contractility. We conclude that TRPA1 is likely an important link between CS/CSE exposure and airway hyperresponsiveness, and speculate that acute CS/CSE-induced Ca2+ influx could lead to exacerbated ASM contraction and potentially initiate further chronic pathological effects of tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinHeng Lin
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Michael Taggart
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Lee Borthwick
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Andrew Fisher
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Malcolm Brodlie
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - M Flori Sassano
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Gray
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, Tyne and Wear, UK.
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6
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Zhang Y, Xu CB. The roles of endothelin and its receptors in cigarette smoke-associated pulmonary hypertension with chronic lung disease. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153083. [PMID: 32825951 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke is the major risk factor for the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) with chronic lung disease (i.e. PH group III). The pathogenesis of smoke-associated PH group III in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involves cigarette smoke exposure-induced damage to lung tissue and dysfunction of pulmonary system with increased synthesis and release of endothelin-1 (ET-1), hypoxia, inflammation, pulmonary vascular remodeling. Many studies have demonstrated that cigarette smoke exposure induces activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway that leads to up-regulation of ET-1 and its receptors with the receptor-mediated enhanced contraction, proliferation of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells, pulmonary vascular remodeling, elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and finally PH group III. This mini-review article aims to summarize the current state of understanding on the roles of cigarette smoke-induced up-regulation of ET-1 and its receptors in the development of PH group III. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms that cigarette smoke exposure leads to PH group III may provide a novel strategy for the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
| | - Cang-Bao Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, China.
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7
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Gredic M, Blanco I, Kovacs G, Helyes Z, Ferdinandy P, Olschewski H, Barberà JA, Weissmann N. Pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:132-151. [PMID: 31976545 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Even mild pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive; therefore, specific and efficient treatment options are not available. Therapeutic approaches tested in the clinical setting, including long-term oxygen administration and systemic vasodilators, gave disappointing results and might be only beneficial for specific subgroups of patients. Preclinical studies identified several therapeutic approaches for the treatment of PH in COPD. Further research should provide deeper insight into the complex pathophysiological mechanisms driving vascular alterations in COPD, especially as such vascular (molecular) alterations have been previously suggested to affect COPD development. This review summarizes the current understanding of the pathophysiology of PH in COPD and gives an overview of the available treatment options and recent advances in preclinical studies. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.1/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Gredic
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Isabel Blanco
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabor Kovacs
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,PharmInVivo Ltd, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria.,Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Joan Albert Barberà
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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8
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Tzeng HP, Yang TH, Wu CT, Chiu HC, Liu SH, Lan KC. Benzo[a]pyrene alters vascular function in rat aortas ex vivo and in vivo. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 121:106578. [PMID: 31279923 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2019.106578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke and air pollution products. BaP exposure has been recently suggested to be a risk factor for hypertension in coke oven workers. The mechanisms of BaP on vascular smooth muscle function remain unclear. Here, we examined the influence and possible mechanism of BaP on vasoconstriction in rat thoracic aortas ex vivo and in vivo. In vivo exposure of rats to BaP (20 mg/kg) for 8 weeks caused a significant enhancement in the systolic blood pressure and enhanced aortic hyperreactivity to α1-adrenoceptor selective agonist phenylephrine in aortas. BaP (1 and 10 μM) treatment for 18 h induced an enhancement of phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction in the organ cultures of aortas. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist α-naphthoflavone, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor chelerythrine, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) inhibitor PD98059, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitor ML-9, and Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 significantly suppressed BaP-enhanced vasoconstriction. BaP time-dependently triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in primary vascular smooth muscle cells. Both antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium significantly inhibited BaP-triggered ROS production and vasoconstriction. These results suggest that BaP enhances aortic vasoconstriction via the activation of ROS and muscular signaling molecules PKC, MAPK, MLCK, and Rho-kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Ping Tzeng
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hua Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tien Wu
- Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chun Chiu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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9
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Zirak MR, Mehri S, Karimani A, Zeinali M, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Mechanisms behind the atherothrombotic effects of acrolein, a review. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 129:38-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Park EJ, Park YJ, Lee SJ, Yoon C, Lee K. Cigarette smoke extract may induce lysosomal storage disease-like adverse health effects. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:510-524. [PMID: 30485468 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is known to be associated with the incidence of a variety of pulmonary diseases, and alveolar macrophages are a key player in the defense mechanism against inhalable toxicants. Herein, we have found that a hydrophilic fraction in smoke extracts from 3R4F reference cigarettes (CSE) contains high concentrations of volatile substances compared to cigarette smoke condensate (amphoteric fraction). We also identified the toxic mechanism of CSE using MH-S, a mouse alveolar macrophage cell line. CSE decreased cell viability accompanying increased lactate dehydrogenase release. Additionally, mitochondrial volume and the potential increased along with enhanced expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins and decreased adenosine triphosphate production. Similarly, CSE clearly induced increase of catalase activity and intracellular calcium concentration and decrease of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosome volume at the highest dose. More interestingly, damaged organelles accumulated in the cytosol, and CSE-containing particles specifically penetrated to mitochondria. Meanwhile, any significant change in autophagy related protein expression was not found in CSE-treated cells. Subsequently, we evaluated the effects of CSE on secretion of inflammatory related cytokines and chemokines, considering the relationship between organelle damage and the disturbed immune response. Very importantly, we found that expression of innate and adaptive immunity related mediators is disrupted following CSE exposure. Taken together, we suggest that CSE may cause the accumulation of damaged organelles in the cytoplasm by impairing selective autophagic function. In addition, this accumulation is responsible for the inadequate ability of immune cells to repair the damage of lung tissue following exposure to CSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Park
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jellobuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolho Yoon
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jellobuk-do, Republic of Korea
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11
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Ho CC, Wu WT, Chen YC, Liou SH, Yet SF, Lee CH, Tsai HT, Weng CY, Tsai MH, Lin P. Identification of osteopontin as a biomarker of human exposure to fine particulate matter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:975-985. [PMID: 30682754 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure is associated with pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases; however, there is scant research linking data on animal and human cells. The objective of this study was to investigate these associations. Vascular remodeling plays a crucial role in both pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis using vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to identify potential regulators or markers of PM exposure. We demonstrated that fine and coarse PM increased VSMC proliferation in mice. We conducted a genome-wide cDNA microarray analysis, followed by a pathway analysis of VSMCs treated with coarse PM for durations of 24, 48, and 72 h. Sixteen genes were discovered to be time-dependently upregulated and involved in VSMC proliferation. Osteopontin (OPN) is indicated as one of the regulators of these upregulated genes. Both fine and coarse PM from industrial and urban areas significantly increased OPN expression in VSMCs and macrophages. Moreover, oropharyngeal instillation of fine and coarse PM for 8 weeks increased the VSMCs in the pulmonary arteries of mice. OPN level was consistently increased in the lung tissues, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and serum of mice. Moreover, we analyzed the plasma OPN levels of 72 healthy participants recruited from the studied metropolitan area. Each participant wore a personal PM2.5 sampler to assess their PM2.5 exposure over a 24 h period. Our results indicate that personal exposure to fine PM is positively correlated with plasma OPN level in young adults. The data obtained in this study suggest that exposure to fine and coarse PM may cause pulmonary vascular lesions in humans and that OPN level may be a biomarker of PM exposure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Ho
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Wei-Te Wu
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Saou-Hsing Liou
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Shaw-Fang Yet
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chia-Huei Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Hui-Ti Tsai
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chen-Yi Weng
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Ming-Hsien Tsai
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Pinpin Lin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC.
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12
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Jia M, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Qin Q, Xu CB. Cigarette Smoke Particles-Induced Airway Hyperreactivity in Vivo and in Vitro. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:703-711. [PMID: 31061312 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a well-known strong risk factor for inducing airway hyperreactivity (AHR), but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, mouse in-vivo and in-vitro models were used to study effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-extracted cigarette smoke particles (DSP) on the airway, and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms that are involved in DSP-induced AHR. In mouse in-vivo model, DSP (0.75, 1.5 or 3 µL/mL) was administered intranasally daily for 7 d. At the end of this period, lung functions were measured with flexiVent™. The results showed that the mice exhibited AHR in a dose-dependent manner following methacholine inhalation in vivo. In mouse in-vitro organ culture model, exposure of mouse tracheal segments to DSP (0.1 µL/mL) with or without the following pharmacological inhibitors: specific c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125 (10 µM) or the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone (1 µM). DSP-induced bradykinin receptor-mediated airway contraction with increased mRNA and protein expressions for bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors could be significantly reduced by SP600125 or dexamethasone. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that DSP could induce AHR in vivo and in vitro. In addition to this, the upregulation of bradykinin receptors in airway is most likely one of the underlying molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jia
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University
- Shaanxi Provincial Research Center for the Project of Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Diseases, Xi'an Medical University
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University
| | - Qiaohong Qin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University
| | - Cang-Bao Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Institute of Clinical Science in Lund, Lund University
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13
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Cigarette smoke condensate may disturb immune function with apoptotic cell death by impairing function of organelles in alveolar macrophages. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 52:351-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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14
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Zhang M, Zhang Z, Xie X, Yao Q, Liu J, Lai B, Xiao L, Wang N. Xenobiotic pregnane X receptor promotes neointimal formation in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:4342-4351. [PMID: 30132884 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a member of nuclear receptor superfamily and responsible for the detoxification of xenobiotics. Recent studies demonstrated that PXR was also expressed in the vasculature and protected the vessels from endogenous and exogenous insults, thus representing a novel gatekeeper in vascular defense. In this study, we examined the potential function of PXR in the neointimal formation following vascular injury. In the rat carotid artery after balloon injury, overexpression of a constitutively active PXR increased the intima-to-media ratio in the injured region. PXR increased cell proliferation and migration in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) by inducing the expressions of cyclins (cyclin A, D1, and E) and cyclin-dependent kinase 2. In addition, PXR increased the phosphorylation and activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Inactivation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways using selective inhibitors (U0126 and SB203580) abrogated PXR-induced SMC proliferation and migration. Furthermore, cigarette smoke particles (CSP) activated PXR in SMCs. Knockdown of PXR by small interfering RNA suppressed the cell proliferation, migration, and activation of the MAPK pathways by CSP. These findings suggested a novel role for PXR in promoting SMC proliferation and migration, and neointimal hyperplasia. Therefore, PXR may be a potential therapeutic target for vascular disease related to xenobiotics such as cigarette smoking and other environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqian Zhang
- Laboratory of Vascular Molecular Biology and Bioengineering, Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihui Zhang
- Laboratory of Vascular Molecular Biology and Bioengineering, Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinya Xie
- Laboratory of Vascular Molecular Biology and Bioengineering, Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qinyu Yao
- Laboratory of Vascular Molecular Biology and Bioengineering, Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Laboratory of Vascular Molecular Biology and Bioengineering, Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baochang Lai
- Laboratory of Vascular Molecular Biology and Bioengineering, Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Laboratory of Vascular Molecular Biology and Bioengineering, Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nanping Wang
- Laboratory of Vascular Molecular Biology and Bioengineering, Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Laboratory of Vascular Molecular Biology and Bioengineering, The Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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15
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Jessen WJ, Borgerding MF, Prasad GL. Global methylation profiles in buccal cells of long-term smokers and moist snuff consumers. Biomarkers 2018; 23:625-639. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1466367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter J. Jessen
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Burlington, NC, USA
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Wang R, Xiao X, Shen Z, Cao L, Cao Y. Airborne fine particulate matter causes murine bronchial hyperreactivity via MAPK pathway-mediated M 3 muscarinic receptor upregulation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:371-381. [PMID: 26916448 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Regarding the human health effects, airborne fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5 ) is an important environmental risk factor. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. The present study examined the hypothesis that PM2.5 causes bronchial hyperreactivity by upregulated muscarinic receptors via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The isolated rat bronchi segments were cultured with different concentration of PM2.5 for different time. The contractile response of the bronchi segments were recorded by a sensitive myograph. The mRNA and protein expression levels of M3 muscarinic receptors were studied by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The muscarinic receptors agonist, carbachol induced a remarkable contractile response on fresh and DMSO cultured bronchial segments. Compared with the fresh or DMSO culture groups, 1.0 µg/mL of PM2.5 cultured for 24 h significantly enhanced muscarinic receptor-mediated contractile responses in bronchi with a markedly increased maximal contraction. In addition, the expression levels of mRNA and protein for M3 muscarinic receptors in bronchi of PM2.5 group were higher than that of fresh or DMSO culture groups. SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) and U0126 (MEK1/2 inhibitor) significantly inhibited the PM2.5 -induced enhanced contraction and increased mRNA and protein expression of muscarinic receptors. However, JNK inhibitor SP600125 had no effect on PM2.5 -induced muscarinic receptor upregulation and bronchial hyperreactivity. In conclusion, airborne PM2.5 upregulates muscarinic receptors, which causes subsequently bronchial hyperreactivity shown as enhanced contractility in bronchi. This process may be mediated by p38 and MEK1/2 MAPK pathways. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 371-381, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongxiao Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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17
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Donovan C, Seow HJ, Royce SG, Bourke JE, Vlahos R. Alteration of Airway Reactivity and Reduction of Ryanodine Receptor Expression by Cigarette Smoke in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 53:471-8. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0400oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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18
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He ZH, Chen P, Chen Y, He SD, Ye JR, Zhang HL, Cao J. Comparison between cigarette smoke-induced emphysema and cigarette smoke extract-induced emphysema. Tob Induc Dis 2015; 13:6. [PMID: 25814921 PMCID: PMC4374374 DOI: 10.1186/s12971-015-0033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Emphysema is the main pathological feature of COPD and also is the focus of the related research. Although several emphysema animal models have been established, exact comparison of findings is seldom. The present study aimed to compare cigarette smoke (CS) exposure-induced emphysema model and intraperitoneal injection of cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced emphysema model to evaluate the effectiveness of the two different modeling methods. Methods Six-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice were used and randomly divided into two groups: CS exposure and intraperitoneal injection of CSE. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups: control and CS or CSE. Lung function, mean linear intercept (MLI), destructive index (DI), apoptotic index (AI), total and differential cells count in broncholavolar lavage fluid (BALF), SOD and IL-6 concentration in serum were measured. Results Compared with their respective controls, lung function was significantly decreased in CS and CSE groups (P < 0.01); MLI, DI, and AI of lung tissue were significantly higher in CS and CSE groups (P < 0.01); total number of leukocytes, the number and percentage of neutrophils (NEUs), and the number of macrophages (MAC) in BALF were significantly higher in CS and CSE groups (P < 0.01); SOD concentration in serum was significantly decreased in CS and CSE groups (P < 0.01); IL-6 concentration in serum was significantly increased in in CS and CSE groups (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between CS group and CSE group in any of the parameters described above. Conclusions Both CS exposure and intraperitoneal injection of CSE could induce emphysema and the effectiveness of the two different modeling methods were equal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui He
- Intensive Care Unit, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China ; Division of Respiratory Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Sheng-Dong He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Ji-Ru Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Hong-Liang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011 China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005 China
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Sumanasekera WK, Tran DM, Sumanasekera TU, Le N, Dao HT, Rokosh GD. Cigarette smoke adversely affects functions and cell membrane integrity in c-kit+ cardiac stem cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2014; 30:113-25. [PMID: 24633465 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-014-9273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for numerous diseases including cardiovascular diseases. Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) leads to increased cardiovascular risk, myocardial injury, and mortality. Stem cell therapy is one of the promising therapeutic options available to treat myocardial injuries. Understanding the impact of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on stem cell function would be valuable in determining the risk passed on during transplant. In this study, the impact of CSE on cardiac stem cell (CSC) functions was investigated using c-kit+ rat cardiac stem cells as the experimental model. Here, we hypothesized that CSE attenuates CSC membrane integrity, causes cytotoxicity, and affects many CSC functions via multiple mechanisms including modulation of extracellular stress-regulated kinase (ERK) (44/42) signaling and oxidative stress. The effects of CSE on CSCs were examined in vitro. Based on a published method, CSE was prepared. CSE-induced ERK signaling was detected by western blotting. CSE-induced modulation of catalase activity was also measured. Functional modulations due to CSE were examined via several methods including Apostain, BrdU, and LDH assays. In agreement with the CSE-induced activation of ERK, CSE-induced reduction in viability, migration, and increase in both cytotoxicity and para-cellular permeability were observed in CSCs. These results suggest that CSE impaired CSC responses that contribute to decreased ability of CSC to respond to stress or injury leading to exacerbation of the damage. Our findings will contribute to the understanding of the discipline and might contribute to the development of stem cell therapy approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasana K Sumanasekera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sullivan University College of Pharmacy, 2100 Gardiner lane, Louisville, KY, 40205, USA,
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Dual effects of cigarette smoke extract on proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells and the protective effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine on EPCs against the damage caused by CSE. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:640752. [PMID: 24696861 PMCID: PMC3947928 DOI: 10.1155/2014/640752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a major public health problem associated with multitude of diseases, including pulmonary and vascular diseases. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to neovascularization and play an important role in the development of these diseases. The effect of CSE on EPCs is seldom studied. The aim of the current study is to observe the effect of CSE on biological behavior of EPCs and, further, to search for potential candidate agent in protection of proliferation of EPCs against the damage caused by CSE exposure in vitro. Methods. The proliferations of EPCs isolated from bone marrow of C57BL/6J mice were assessed by MTT after incubating the EPCs with a series of concentrations of CSE (1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0%) for different times (3, 6, and 24 hours) as well as with 1.0% CSE in presence of 5-AZA-CdR for 24 hours. Results. The proliferations of EPCs were significantly enhanced after 3 hours of exposure to concentrations of 1.0% and 2.5% CSE but depressed when exposed to concentrations of 5.0% and 10.0% CSE. Furthermore, the 5-AZA-CdR in concentrations of 2.0 μmol/L and 5.0 μmol/L partly protected against the depression of proliferation of EPCs caused by CSE exposure. Conclusions. The CSE showed dual effects on proliferation of EPCs isolated from mice. The 5-AZA-CdR partly protected the proliferation of EPCs against the damage caused by CSE exposure in vitro, suggesting that DNA methylation may be involved in the dysfunction of EPCs induced by CSE.
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Morita S, Mizuno Y, Harada E, Nakagawa H, Morikawa Y, Saito Y, Katoh D, Kashiwagi Y, Yoshimura M, Murohara T, Yasue H. Differences and interactions between risk factors for coronary spasm and atherosclerosis--smoking, aging, inflammation, and blood pressure. Intern Med 2014; 53:2663-70. [PMID: 25447646 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.53.2705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Coronary spasm as well as atherosclerosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease. However, the relationship between coronary spasm and atherosclerosis is not well known. The purpose of the present study was to examine the differences and interactions between risk factors for coronary spasm and atherosclerosis and thereby explore the pathogenesis of coronary spasm. Methods The study subjects consisted of 938 patients with chest discomfort (522 men and 416 women, mean age 65.2±11.0) who underwent intracoronary-acetylcholine provocation tests for coronary spasm. Coronary risk factors, including age, gender, body mass index, blood pressure, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), white blood cells, glucose, lipid profiles, and other laboratory chemistries were examined. Results Four hundred and ninety-six patients (315 men and 181 women, mean age: 65.1±11.4) were diagnosed with coronary spastic angina (CSA), while the remaining 442 patients (207 men and 235 women, mean age: 65.3±10.7) were diagnosed with non-CSA. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed men, smoking, hsCRP, and low diastolic blood pressure (DBP) to be predictors (p=0.001, p=0.009, p=0.034, and p=0.041, respectively) for CSA, while age, diabetes mellitus, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure (SBP), uric acid and male gender were found to be predictors (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.002, p=0.006 and p=0.029, respectively) for atherosclerosis. Conclusion Predictors for coronary spasm were smoking, hsCRP and low DBP, whereas those for atherosclerosis were age, diabetes mellitus, high SBP, and uric acid in that order. These findings suggest that the pathogenesis of coronary spasm differs from that of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumio Morita
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Japan
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Xu Y, Cardell LO. Nicotine impairs cyclooxygenase-2-dependent kinin-receptor-mediated murine airway relaxations. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 275:12-21. [PMID: 24380835 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoke induces local inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. In asthmatics, it worsens the symptoms and increases the risk for exacerbation. The present study investigates the effects of nicotine on airway relaxations in isolated murine tracheal segments. METHODS Segments were cultured for 24h in the presence of vehicle, nicotine (10 μM) and/or dexamethasone (1 μM). Airway relaxations were assessed in myographs after pre-contraction with carbachol (1 μM). Kinin receptors, cyclooxygenase (COX) and inflammatory mediator expressions were assessed by real-time PCR and confocal-microscopy-based immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The organ culture procedure markedly increased bradykinin- (selective B₂ receptor agonist) and des-Arg⁹-bradykinin- (selective B₁ receptor agonist) induced relaxations, and slightly increased relaxation induced by isoprenaline, but not that induced by PGE₂. The kinin receptor mediated relaxations were epithelium-, COX-2- and EP2-receptor-dependent and accompanied by drastically enhanced mRNA levels of kinin receptors, as well as inflammatory mediators MCP-1 and iNOS. Increase in COX-2 and mPGES-1 was verified both at mRNA and protein levels. Nicotine selectively suppressed the organ-culture-enhanced relaxations induced by des-Arg⁹-bradykinin and bradykinin, at the same time reducing mPGES-1 mRNA and protein expressions. α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor inhibitors α-bungarotoxin and MG624 both blocked the nicotine effects on kinin B₂ receptors, but not those on B₁. Dexamethasone completely abolished kinin-induced relaxations. CONCLUSION It is tempting to conclude that a local inflammatory process per se could have a bronchoprotective component by increasing COX-2 mediated airway relaxations and that nicotine could impede this safety mechanism. Dexamethasone further reduced airway inflammation together with relaxations. This might contribute to the steroid resistance seen in some patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lars-Olaf Cardell
- Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Jia X, Guo X, Li H, An X, Zhao Y. Characteristics and popular topics of latest researches into the effects of air particulate matter on cardiovascular system by bibliometric analysis. Inhal Toxicol 2013; 25:211-8. [PMID: 23480197 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2013.775196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, many epidemiological and toxicological studies have investigated the adverse effects of air particulate matter (PM) on the cardiovascular system. However, it is difficult for the researchers to have a timely and effective overall command of the latest characteristics and popular topics in such a wide field. Different from the previous reviews, in which the research characteristics and trends are empirically concluded by experts, we try to have a comprehensive evaluation of the above topics for the first time by bibliometric analysis, a quantitative tool in information exploration. This study aims to introduce the bibliometric method into the field of PM and cardiovascular system. The articles were selected by searching PubMed/MEDLINE (from 2007 to 2012) using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms "particulate matter" and "cardiovascular system". A total of 935 eligible articles and 1895 MeSH terms were retrieved and processed by the software Thomson Data Analyzer (TDA). The bibliographic information and the MeSH terms of these articles were classified and analyzed to summarize the research characteristics. The top 200 high-frequency MeSH terms (the cumulative frequency percentage was 74.2%) were clustered for popular-topic conclusion. We summarized the characteristics of published articles, of researcher collaborations and of the contents. Ten clusters of MeSH terms are presented. Six popular topics are concluded and elaborated for reference. Our study presents an overview of the characteristics and popular topics in the field of PM and cardiovascular system in the past five years by bibliometric tools, which may provide a new perspective for future researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Jia
- Institute of Medical Information & Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, China.
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Zhang Y, Cardell LO, Edvinsson L, Xu CB. MAPK/NF-κB-dependent upregulation of kinin receptors mediates airway hyperreactivity: a new perspective for the treatment. Pharmacol Res 2013; 71:9-18. [PMID: 23428345 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Airway hyperreactivity (AHR) is a major feature of asthmatic and inflammatory airways. Cigarette smoke exposure, and bacterial and viral infections are well-known environmental risk factors for AHR, but knowledge about the underlying molecular mechanisms on how these risk factors lead to the development of AHR is limited. Activation of intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and their related signal pathways including protein kinase C (PKC), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathways may result in airway kinin receptor upregulation, which is suggested to play an important role in the development of AHR. Environmental risk factors trigger the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukins (ILs) that activate intracellular MAPK- and NF-κB-dependent inflammatory pathways, which subsequently lead to AHR via kinin receptor upregulation. Blockage of intracellular MAPK/NF-κB signaling prevents kinin B₁ and B₂ receptor expression in the airways, resulting in a decrease in the response to bradykinin (kinin B₂ receptor agonist) and des-Arg⁹-bradykinin (kinin B₁ receptor agonist). This suggests that MAPK- and NF-κB-dependent kinin receptor upregulation can provide a novel option for treatment of AHR in asthmatic as well as in other inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhang
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, People's Republic of China
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Carter CA, Misra M, Maronpot RR. Tracheal Morphologic and Protein Alterations FollowingShort-Term Cigarette Mainstream Smoke Exposure to Rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2012; 25:201-7. [PMID: 22988338 PMCID: PMC3434335 DOI: 10.1293/tox.25.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A short-term 5-day nose-only cigarette smoke exposure study was conducted in Fisher 344
rats to identify smoke-induced tracheal protein changes. Groups of 10 male and female 5
week old rats were assigned to 1 of 4 exposure groups. Animals received filtered air, or
75, 200 or 400 mg total particulate matter (TPM)/m3 of diluted 3R4F Kentucky
reference cigarette mainstream smoke. Exposures were conducted for 3 hrs/day, for 5
consecutive days. Tracheas from half the rats were processed for pathology, and tracheas
from the other half of the rats frozen immediately for proteomics. We hypothesized that
smoke will activate tracheal inflammatory, apoptotic, proliferative, and stress-induced
pathways. Mucosal epithelial toxicity from the inhaled material was evidenced by cilia
shortening and loss of tracheal mucosal epithelium in smoke-exposed animals. Mucosal
thinning occurred in all smoke-exposed groups with hyperplastic reparative responses in
the 200 and 400 mg TPM/m3 groups. Tracheal lysates from control vs. treated
animals were screened for 800 proteins using antibody-based microarray technology and
subsequently the most changed proteins evaluated by Western blot. Tracheal proteins
expressed at high levels that were markedly increased or decreased by smoke exposure
depended on dose and gender and included caspase 5, ERK 1/2 and p38. Signaling pathways
common between the morphologic and protein changes were stress, apoptosis, cell cycle
control, cell proliferation and survival. Changes in identified proteins affected by smoke
exposure were associated with tracheal mucosal pathology, may induce functional tracheal
changes, and could serve as early indicators of tracheal damage and associated
disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charleata A Carter
- A. W. Spears Research Center, 420 N. English Street, Lorillard Tobacco Company, Greensboro, NC 27405, USA
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Cao L, Zhang Y, Cao YX, Edvinsson L, Xu CB. Secondhand smoke exposure causes bronchial hyperreactivity via transcriptionally upregulated endothelin and 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44170. [PMID: 22952915 PMCID: PMC3428315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke exposure is strongly associated with airway hyperreactivity (AHR) which is the main characteristic seen in asthma. The intracellular MAPK signaling pathways are suggested to be associated with the airway damage to the AHR. In the present study, we hypothesize that secondhand cigarette smoke (SHS) exposure upregulates the bronchial contractile receptors via activation of the Raf/ERK/MAPK pathway. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Rats were exposed to SHS for 3 h daily for up to 8 weeks. The receptor agonists-induced bronchial contractile reactivity was analyzed with a sensitive myograph system. The mRNA transcription and protein translation of the target receptors and the kinases in Raf/ERK/MAPK pathway were investigated by real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence, respectively. Compared with exposure to fresh air, SHS induced enhanced bronchial contractile responses mediated by the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT(2A)) receptors as well as the endothelin type B (ET(B)) and type A (ET(A)) receptors. The response curves were shifted toward the left with an increased maximal contraction (E(max)) demonstrating that SHS induced AHR. Additionally, the mRNA and protein levels of the 5-HT(2A), ET(B) and ET(A) receptors were increased. Furthermore, SHS exposure increased the phosphorylation of Raf-1 and ERK1/2, but it did not alter p38 or JNK. A Raf-1 inhibitor (GW5074) suppressed the SHS-induced increase in the expression of 5-HT(2A) and ET(A) receptors and the receptor-mediated AHR. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings show that SHS exposure induces transcriptional upregulation of the 5-HT(2A), ET(B) and ET(A) receptors in rat bronchial smooth muscle cells, which mediates AHR. The Raf/ERK/MAPK pathway is involved in SHS-associated receptor upregulation and AHR.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bronchial Hyperreactivity/enzymology
- Bronchial Hyperreactivity/genetics
- Bronchial Hyperreactivity/pathology
- Bronchial Hyperreactivity/physiopathology
- Environmental Exposure
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- In Vitro Techniques
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Male
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Phenols/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Endothelin A/genetics
- Receptor, Endothelin A/metabolism
- Receptor, Endothelin B/genetics
- Receptor, Endothelin B/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism
- Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Tobacco Smoke Pollution
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- raf Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Institute of Clinical Science in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Institute of Clinical Science in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yong-Xiao Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Institute of Clinical Science in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cang-Bao Xu
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Institute of Clinical Science in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Xu GN, Yang K, Xu ZP, Zhu L, Hou LN, Qi H, Chen HZ, Cui YY. Protective effects of anisodamine on cigarette smoke extract-induced airway smooth muscle cell proliferation and tracheal contractility. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 262:70-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Carter CA. Multiplexed High Content Screening Reveals That Cigarette Smoke Condensate-Altered Cell Signaling Pathways Are Accentuated Through FAK Inhibition in Human Bronchial Cells. Int J Toxicol 2012; 31:257-66. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581812440890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) disrupts F-actin and decreases cell motility in human bronchial (BEAS-2B) cells were assessed. The hypothesis that CSC activated focal adhesion kinase (FAK), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and paxillin in BEAS-2B cells was tested. When BEAS-2B cells were treated with 20 to 100 μg/mL CSC for 1 hour, FAK increased. The CSC caused F-actin disruption, while FAK inhibition alone caused actin aggregates to collapse to the cell periphery, but FAK inhibition combined with CSC caused actin aggregates to distribute throughout the cells. The CSC treatment of BEAS-2B cells showed a dose-dependent increase in the activation of the MAPKs, c-Jun, JNK, ERK, p38, and heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) and paxillin. Focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation inhibition combined with CSC treatment increased p38 and ERK at 1 hour and 24 hours along with decreased cell number and motility compared with CSC treatment alone. CSC exerts changes in BEAS-2B cells by altering morphology and activating MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charleata A. Carter
- Life Sciences, AW Spears Research Center
- Lorillard Tobacco Company, Greensboro, NC, USA
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29
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Cao L, Zhang Y, Cao YX, Edvinsson L, Xu CB. Cigarette smoke upregulates rat coronary artery endothelin receptors in vivo. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33008. [PMID: 22412974 PMCID: PMC3296776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is a strong cardiovascular risk factor and endothelin (ET) receptors are related to coronary artery diseases. The present study established an in vivo secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure model and investigated the hypothesis that cigarette smoke induces ET receptor upregulation in rat coronary arteries and its possible underlying mechanisms. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Rats were exposed to SHS for 200 min daily for 8 weeks. The coronary arteries were isolated and examined. The vasoconstriction was studied by a sensitive myograph. The expression of mRNA and protein for receptors was examined by real-time PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence. Compared to fresh air exposure, SHS increased contractile responses mediated by endothelin type A (ET(A)) and type B (ET(B)) receptors in coronary arteries. In parallel, the expression of mRNA and protein for ET(A) and ET(B) receptors of smoke exposed rats were higher than that of animals exposed to fresh air, suggesting that SHS upregulates ET(A) and ET(B) receptors in coronary arteries in vivo. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the enhanced receptor expression was localized to the smooth muscle cells of coronary arteries. The protein levels of phosphorylated (p)-Raf-1 and p-ERK1/2 in smoke exposed rats were significantly higher than in control rats, demonstrating that SHS induces the activation of the Raf/ERK/MAPK pathway. Treatment with Raf-1 inhibitor GW5074 suppressed SHS-induced enhanced contraction mediated by ET(A) receptors, and inhibited the elevated mRNA and protein levels of ET(A) and ET(B) receptors caused by SHS. The results of correlation and regression analysis showed that phosphorylation of Raf and ERK1/2 were independent determinants to affect protein expression of ET(B) and ET(A) receptors. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Cigarette smoke upregulates ET(B) and ET(A) receptors in rat coronary artery, which is associated with the activation of the Raf/ERK/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Institute of Clinical Science in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Institute of Clinical Science in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yong-Xiao Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Institute of Clinical Science in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cang-Bao Xu
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Institute of Clinical Science in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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30
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Yoon CH, Park HJ, Cho YW, Kim EJ, Lee JD, Kang KR, Han J, Kang D. Cigarette Smoke Extract-induced Reduction in Migration and Contraction in Normal Human Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 15:397-403. [PMID: 22359478 PMCID: PMC3282228 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2011.15.6.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation, migration, cytokine release, and contraction of airway smooth muscle cells are key events in the airway remodeling process that occur in lung disease such as asthma, chronic obstruction pulmonary disease, and cancer. These events can be modulated by a number of factors, including cigarette smoke extract (CSE). CSE-induced alterations in the viability, migration, and contractile abilities of normal human airway cells remain unclear. This study investigated the effect of CSE on cell viability, migration, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretion, and contraction in normal human bronchial smooth muscle cells (HBSMCs). Treatment of HBSMCs with 10% CSE induced cell death, and the death was accompanied by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). CSE-induced cell death was reduced by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), an ROS scavenger. In addition, CSE reduced the migration ability of HBSMCs by 75%. The combination of NAC with CSE blocked the CSE-induced reduction of cell migration. However, CSE had no effect on TNF-α secretion and NF-κB activation. CSE induced an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration in 64% of HBSMCs. CSE reduced the contractile ability of HBSMCs, and the ability was enhanced by NAC treatment. These results demonstrate that CSE treatment induces cell death and reduces migration and contraction by increasing ROS generation in normal HBSMCs. These results suggest that CSE may induce airway change through cell death and reduction in migration and contraction of normal HBSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Ho Yoon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-751, Korea
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