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Stępień E, Strycharz-Dudziak M, Malm M, Drop B, Polz-Dacewicz M. Serum and Tissue Level of TLR9 in EBV-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163981. [PMID: 34439137 PMCID: PMC8394560 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is associated with the development and progression of various epithelial malignancies including cancer in the head and neck region. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are molecules distinguishing self and non-self antigens. They are required for congenital immune response to infections with viruses such as EBV because, during viral infection, the congenital immunity is the first line of human defense preventing the replication of the virus. Moreover, TLR response may influence the transformation to malignancy. The aim of our study was to assess TLR9 level in patients with diagnosed oropharyngeal cancer with or without EBV infection. We wanted to know whether infection with EBV influences TLR9 level and maybe changes the immune response which may lead to malignant transformation. The results obtained in our research may improve understanding of the role viral infections play in head and neck cancers and influence future diagnosis, prevention and treatment strategies in these malignancies. Abstract The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is associated with the development of various epithelial malignancies including cancer in the head and neck region. Several studies have shown that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are required for an innate immune response to infection with human DNA viruses, e.g., EBV. During viral infections, TLR response may influence the transformation to malignancy. The aim of the study was to assess TLR9 serum and tissue level in EBV(+) and EBV(−) oropharyngeal cancer patients. The study involved 78 patients: 42 EBV(+) and 36 EBV(−). EBV DNA was detected in fresh frozen tumor tissue. TLR9 level was measured in homogenate of tumor tissue and in serum. Moreover, in serum samples IL-10, VEGF, TGFβ, TNFα and antibodies against EBV were detected using ELISA test. TLR9 level was significantly lower in EBV(+) patients, both in tissue and serum, while EBVCA, EBNA and VEGF level was statistically higher in EBV(+) patients. An increase in EBVCA and EBNA antibodies titer was correlated with a TLR9 level decrease. TLR9 level was higher in poorly-differentiated tumors (G3), in tumor of larger dimensions (T3-T4) and with lymph nodes involvement (N3-N4) but without statistical significance. High levels of anti-EA antibodies in the majority of EBV(+) patients may point to the reactivation of EBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Stępień
- Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (E.S.); (M.P.-D.)
| | - Małgorzata Strycharz-Dudziak
- Chair and Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Malm
- Department of Information Technology and Medical Statistics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (B.D.)
| | - Bartłomiej Drop
- Department of Information Technology and Medical Statistics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (B.D.)
| | - Małgorzata Polz-Dacewicz
- Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (E.S.); (M.P.-D.)
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Li Y, Zhu L, Yao H, Zhang Y, Kong X, Chen L, Song Y, Mu A, Li X. Association of Inflammation-Related Gene Polymorphisms With Susceptibility and Radiotherapy Sensitivity in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients in Northeast China. Front Oncol 2021; 11:651632. [PMID: 34150619 PMCID: PMC8212814 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.651632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation-related gene polymorphisms are some of the most important determinants for cancer susceptibility, clinical phenotype diversity, and the response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the relationship between these polymorphisms and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of inflammation-related gene polymorphisms in the developmental risk and radiotherapy sensitivity of HNSCC. Methods The Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) genotyping system was used to genotype 612 individuals from a Chinese population for 28 inflammation-related gene polymorphisms. Results The protein kinase B (AKT1) rs1130233 TT, dominance model (CT+TT vs. CC), recessive model (TT vs. CT+CC), and rs2494732 CC genotypes were associated with reduced risk of HNSCC (P=0.014; P=0.041; P=0.043). The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR) rs291097 GA, dominance model (GA+AA vs. GG), and rs291102 dominance model (GA+AA vs. GG) were associated with increased risk of HNSCC (P=0.025; P=0.025; P=0.040). The interleukin-4 receptor-α (IL-4RA) rs1801275 AA genotype was significantly correlated with increased radiotherapy sensitivity of HNSCC patients (P=0.030). In addition, age ≤ 60 years, non-smoker status, and normal levels of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) were found to be associated with increased radiotherapy sensitivity of HNSCC patients (P=0.033; P=0.033; P=0.030). Conclusion The AKT1 rs1130233, AKT1 rs2494732, PIGR rs291097, and PIGR rs291102 polymorphisms were significantly related to the risk of HNSCC. The IL-4RA rs1801275 polymorphism, age ≤ 60 years, non-smoker status, and normal levels of SCC were significantly associated with increased radiotherapy sensitivity of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Radiosensitization and Normal Tissue Radioprotection of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Radiosensitization and Normal Tissue Radioprotection of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongmin Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Radiosensitization and Normal Tissue Radioprotection of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Radiosensitization and Normal Tissue Radioprotection of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Radiosensitization and Normal Tissue Radioprotection of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Radiosensitization and Normal Tissue Radioprotection of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingqiu Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Radiosensitization and Normal Tissue Radioprotection of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Anna Mu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Radiosensitization and Normal Tissue Radioprotection of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Radiosensitization and Normal Tissue Radioprotection of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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Preliminary analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-10, IL-4, and IL-4Rα genes and profile of circulating cytokines in patients with gastric Cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2018; 18:184. [PMID: 30526523 PMCID: PMC6288868 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-018-0913-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric Cancer is highly prevalent and deadly worldwide. In Colombia, it is the most lethal form of cancer. Some single-nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-10, IL-4, and IL-4Rα genes have been associated with an anti-inflammatory environment and a Th2 profile in detriment of the antitumor Th1 response. This research sought to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms in promoter sequences, like − 1082 (G/A), − 592 (C/A), and − 819 (C/T), as well as − 590 (C/T) of the IL-10 and IL-4 genes, respectively; in addition to the IL-4Rα mutation variants, Ile50Val and Q576R, together with circulating levels of IL-4, TNF-α, IL-10, and IFN-γ in patients with gastric carcinoma in Cúcuta, Colombia. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 17 patients and 30 healthy individuals were genotyped for the six polymorphisms mentioned through PCR-RFLP of DNA obtained from peripheral blood cells and serum samples were analyzed by sandwich ELISA to quantify cytokines. Statistical difference between groups was determined along with the association between the presence of polymorphisms and the risk of gastric cancer, as well as the mortality in patients, using Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression analysis, respectively. Results An association between the − 1082 (G/A) and the risk of gastric cancer was found (OR = 7.58, range 0.77–74.06, P = 0.08). Furthermore, patients had a significant increase in IL-4 serum levels (P < 0.01) compared to healthy individuals, both variables showed a higher estimated risk of mortality in patients, although without statistical association (P > 0.05). Conclusion We infer that two possible biomarkers (one immunological and one genetic) could be considered in association with gastric cancer in our population, which should be confirmed by subsequent studies involving a greater number of individuals.
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El-Bendary M, Neamatallah M, Elalfy H, Besheer T, El-Setouhy M, Kasim N, Abou El-Khier NT, Kamel E, Eladl AH, El-Waseef A, Abdel-Aziz AAF, Esmat G. Association of interferon gamma gene polymorphism and susceptibility to hepatitis C virus infection in Egyptian patients: A multicenter, family-based study. JGH OPEN 2017; 1:140-147. [PMID: 30483551 PMCID: PMC6207041 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Polymorphisms in some genes may influence the persistence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, clinical outcome, HCV replication, and liver damage. This study was conducted to investigate the role of the interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) gene at (+874 T/A, −764 G/C, −179 C/A) single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and its receptor (IFN‐γR2) at (rs 2786067 A/C) SNP in the susceptibility of Egyptian families to HCV infection with high‐resolution techniques. Methods In total, 517 Egyptian families, with 2246 subjects, were recruited to this study from the Upper and Lower Egypt governorates and were classified into three groups: 1034 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus, 108 subjects with spontaneous virus clearance (SVC), and 1104 subjects as a healthy control group. All subjects were genotyped for (+874 T/A, rs2430561, −764 G/C, rs2069707, −179 C/A, rs2069709, and rs 27860067, A/C) SNPs of the IFN‐γ gene using the allelic discrimination real‐time polymerase chain reaction technique and were confirmed using sequence‐based typing. Results The carriage of T allele of (+874) IFN‐γ is a risky allele and was significantly higher in chronic hepatitis C more than other two groups (odds ratio [OR]: 2.6646, P < 0.0002). On the other hand, the C allele of (−764, rs2069707) is a protective allele and was higher in SVC than the other two groups (OR: 0.2709, P < 0.0001). However, both (−179 C/A, rs 2069709) and (rs 27860067, A/C) SNPs are not polymorphic enough to be studied in the Egyptian population. Conclusions HCV infection is associated with the T allele of (+874 rs2430561), while SVC of HCV is associated with the C allele of (−764, rs2069707) of the IFN‐γ gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud El-Bendary
- Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Mustafa Neamatallah
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Hatem Elalfy
- Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Tarek Besheer
- Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Maged El-Setouhy
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Ain-Shams Faculty of Medicine Ain-Shams University Cairo Egypt.,Substance Abuse Research Center (SARC) Jazan University Jazan Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nihal Kasim
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Noha T Abou El-Khier
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Emily Kamel
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hamid Eladl
- Internal Medicine Department, Alazhar Faculty of Medicine Assiut University Assiut Egypt
| | - Ahmad El-Waseef
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | | | - Gamal Esmat
- Tropical Medicine and Hepatology Department, Cairo Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
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Ooft ML, van Ipenburg JA, Braunius WW, Zuur CI, Koljenović S, Willems SM. Prognostic role of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in EBV positive and EBV negative nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2017; 71:16-25. [PMID: 28688685 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) correlate with both better and worse prognosis in solid tumors. As therapeutic modalities for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are limited, immunotherapy could be a potential alternative. Up till now there is limited prognostic data on the role of TILs in NPC, so we assessed the prognostic role of TILs in Epstein-Barr-virus (EBV) positive and negative NPC. METHODS Tissue of 92 NPCs was assessed for CD3, CD4, CD8, PD1 and PDL1 expression in the tumor's micro-environment. Correlations between clinicopathological characteristics was assessed using the Pearson X2 test, Fisher's exact test and ANOVA. Survival was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression. Differences in CD3, CD4, CD8, PD1, PDL1 counts/(co)expression between EBV positive and negative NPCs were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. Two-tailed P values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS EBV positive NPC contains significantly more CD3, CD4 and CD8 TILs than EBV negative NPC. In the whole NPC group, increased CD8 count is associated with better overall survival (OS) (HR 0.219 (95%CI 0.075-0.640)), but also in cases with PDL1 co-expression (HR 0.073 (95%CI 0.010-0.556)). In EBV positive NPC co-expression of CD8 and PDL1 showed better disease free survival (HR 0.407 (95%CI 0.195-0.850)) and OS (HR 0.170 (95%CI 0.037-0.787)). CONCLUSIONS Although TILs are significantly different between EBV positive and negative NPCs, it is especially composition of the infiltrate which determines prognosis. Effects of PD1 and CD8 need more study, because these findings show much potential in using immunotherapeutic modalities in NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc L Ooft
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jolique A van Ipenburg
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Weibel W Braunius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, UMC Utrecht Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte I Zuur
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Senada Koljenović
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Moudi B, Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H. Impact of host gene polymorphisms on susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 44:94-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Li YF, Yang PZ, Li HF. Functional polymorphisms in the IL-10 gene with susceptibility to esophageal, nasopharyngeal, and oral cancers. Cancer Biomark 2016; 16:641-51. [PMID: 27002767 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fen Li
- Department of ENT, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Pei-Zhen Yang
- Department of ENT, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Hua-Feng Li
- Linyi Women and Children's Hospital, Genetic Experiment Center, Linyi, Shandong, China
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Qu K, Pang Q, Lin T, Zhang L, Gu M, Niu W, Liu C, Zhang M. Circulating interleukin-10 levels and human papilloma virus and Epstein-Barr virus-associated cancers: evidence from a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis based on 11,170 subjects. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:1251-67. [PMID: 27022283 PMCID: PMC4788367 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s96772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have showed interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a critical cytokine that determines antiviral immune response and is related to virus-associated cancers. However, whether genetically elevated circulating IL-10 levels are associated with the risk of human papilloma virus and Epstein–Barr virus-associated cancers (HEACs) is still unclear. Mendelian randomization method was implemented to meta-analyze available observational studies by employing IL-10 three variants (−592C>A, −819C>T, and −1082A>G) as instruments. A total of 24 articles encompassing 11,170 subjects were ultimately eligible for the meta-analysis. Overall, there was a significant association between IL-10 promoter variant −1082A>G and HEACs under allelic and dominant models (both P<0.01). Subgroup analysis by cancer type indicated that the risk estimate of −1082A>G was significant for nasopharyngeal cancer under allelic, homozygous genotypic and dominant models (all P<0.001). Moreover by ethnicity, carriers of −1082G allele had a 74% increased risk for nasopharyngeal cancer in Asians under dominant model (odds ratio [OR] =1.737; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.280–2.358; P<0.001). In further Mendelian randomization analysis, the predicted OR for 10 pg/mL increment in IL-10 levels was 1.14 (95% CI: 1.01–16.99) in HEACs. Our findings provided strong evidence for a critical role of genetically elevated circulating IL-10 levels in the development of HEACs, especially in Asian population and for nasopharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Pang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Gu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenquan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Increased risks between Interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms and haplotype and head and neck cancer: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17149. [PMID: 26612133 PMCID: PMC4661474 DOI: 10.1038/srep17149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular epidemiological research suggests that interleukin-10 (IL-10) polymorphisms may be associated with an increased risk of head and neck cancer (HNC), but results remain controversial. To derive a more precise evaluation, we performed a meta-analysis focused on genetic polymorphisms of IL-10. PubMed, Embase, CNKI and Wanfang databases were searched for studies that examined the relationship between IL-10 polymorphisms or haplotypes and HNC risk. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied to assess the relationship strength. Publication bias, sensitivity and cumulative analyses were conducted to measure the robustness of our findings. Overall, nine related studies involving 2,258 patients and 2,887 control samples were analyzed. Significant associations between the IL-10-1082A > G polymorphism and HNC risk were observed (G vs. A: OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.27–1.92, P < 0.01, I2 = 69.4%; AG vs. AA: OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.32–2.05, P < 0.01, I2 = 55.6%; GG vs. AA: OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.69–2.97, P < 0.01, I2 = 38.5%; AG + GG vs. AA: OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.36−2.14, P = 0.02, I2 = 61.8%; GG vs. AA + AG: OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.23−2.90, P = 0.01, I2 = 46.3%) in the total population, as well as in subgroup analysis. Moreover, increased HNC risks were also associated with the IL-10 −819T > C polymorphism and the GCC haplotype. In conclusion, our meta-analyses suggest that IL-10 polymorphisms, specifically the −1082A > G polymorphism, may be associated with increased risk of HNC development.
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Saxena R, Kaur J. Th1/Th2 cytokines and their genotypes as predictors of hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:1572-1580. [PMID: 26085916 PMCID: PMC4462695 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i11.1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the predominant type of primary liver cancer, is one of the most serious life-threatening malignancies, worldwide. In majority of the cases, HCC develops after prolonged and persistent chronic liver disease. hepatitis B virus (HBV) or HCV infection is prominent etiological factors, attributing to this condition. It has been well documented that HBV, being the inducer of chronic inflammation, is the main causative agent in causing HCC, particularly in Asian countries. The HBV infection leads to a wide range of clinical symptoms from carrier state to malignancy. Cytokines being immune-modulatory molecules, are the key mediators in the defense mechanism against viral infection. In this regard, this review will detail the substantial role of key Th1: interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ; Th2: IL-4, IL-10 and non Th1/Th2: IL-6, transforming growth factor-β1 cytokines genotypes in analyzing the variability in the clinical manifestations in an HBV-afflicted individual, which might finally, culminates into HCC. Since cytokine production is regulated genetically, the cytokine promoter region single-nucleotide polymorphisms induced changes, greatly affects the cytokine production, thus resulting into differential outcome of immune balance.
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A pooled analysis of the IL-10-1082 A/G polymorphism and the nasopharyngeal carcinoma susceptibility. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 273:819-25. [PMID: 25547230 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-3465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that IL-10-1082 A/G polymorphism might influence the transcription and secretion of IL10 and tumor development. While many studies have been conducted to investigate the association between IL-10-1082 A/G polymorphism and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in various populations, the results of these studies are still controversial. We aimed to explore this relationship through a cumulative meta-analysis. A search of the literature was performed using the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMBASE databases. The odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess this possible association. Six studies were included in the study. The meta-analysis reveals a significant effect in the allelic model (G vs. A: OR 1.516, 95 % CI 1.077-2.133, P heterogeneity = 0.003), dominant model (AG + GG vs. AA: OR = 1.770, 95 % CI 1.415-2.212, P heterogeneity = 0.169), and co-dominant model (AG vs. AA: OR = 1.747, 95 % CI 1.377-2.216, P heterogeneity = 0.491). Similarly, in the stratified analyses, significant effects were reported in studies of Asian populations. Our meta-analysis results suggest that the IL-10-1082 A/G variant is associated with increased risk of NPC in Asian populations.
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Ge YZ, Wang YD, Xu Z, Xu LW, Wang YP, Gu MH, Ding AX, Zhu XB, Wu R, Li WC, Xu YD, Jia RP. Lack of association between interferon gamma +874 T/A polymorphism and cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:6405-14. [PMID: 24671824 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a potent proinflammatory cytokine which plays a pivotal role in the antiviral, antiproliferative, and antitumor activities. A T-to-A transition at the position +874 of human IFN-γ gene (IFNG) has been reported to influence the secretion of IFN-γ and affect cancer susceptibility. However, results from published studies on the association between IFNG +874 T/A polymorphism and cancer risk are inconclusive or even controversial. In order to derive a more precise estimation of the association, a meta-analysis of 38 eligible studies including 5,630 cases and 6,096 controls was conducted with odds ratio (OR) and its corresponding 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI). Overall, no significant association was detected in allelic model (A allele vs. T allele-OR = 0.96, 95 % CI, 0.86-1.08), homozygote comparison (AA vs. TT-OR = 0.97, 95 % CI, 0.79-1.21), heterozygote comparison (AT vs. TT-OR = 1.03, 95 % CI, 0.87-1.23), dominant model (AA + AT vs. TT-OR = 1.00, 95 % CI, 0.87-1.15), nor recessive model (AA vs. AT + TT-OR = 0.93, 95 % CI, 0.78-1.12). Further subgroup analyses based on ethnicity, cancer types, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium status failed to demonstrate any significant relationship except in African population under recessive model (AA vs. AT + TT-OR = 0.68, 95 % CI, 0.47-0.97). In conclusion, the current meta-analysis suggested that IFNG +874 T/A polymorphism may not contribute to cancer susceptibility, and further well-designed studies with large sample size are warranted to validate our conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zheng Ge
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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IFN-γ (+874) and not TNF-α (-308) is associated with HBV-HCC risk in India. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 385:297-307. [PMID: 24101445 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ, the pro-inflammatory Th1 cytokines are the indispensable coordinators of the inflammatory responses involved in hepatitis B virus (HBV) pathogenesis. This study attempted to evaluate any possible association among TNF-α (-308G>A) and IFN-γ (+874T/A) genotypes, the spontaneous blood and mRNA levels and expression of their major signal transducers, namely STAT1 and NF-кB with hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) susceptibility in India. For this, 398 subjects (146 controls, 68 inactive-HBV-carriers, 64 chronic-active HBV patients, 61 HBV-cirrhotics, and 59 HBV-HCC subjects) were enrolled. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, allele-specific PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcriptase-PCR, and Western blot analysis were done for assessing polymorphism, blood levels, mRNA expression, and protein expression of signal transducers, respectively, of TNF-α and IFN-γ. The study revealed no significant association of TNF-α (-308) GA genotype, while a significant negative association of IFN-γ (+874) TA and AA genotypes, in HBV-HCC risk. Moreover, blood levels of TNF-α were significantly elevated as disease progresses to HCC, while IFN-γ levels were raised in HCC patients only. Besides, IFN-γ mRNA levels were significantly elevated in cirrhotics, with no change observed in TNF-α transcript levels. Moreover, NF-кB expression also consistently increased during HCC progression. These observations suggest a vital negative association of IFN-γ (+874) with HBV-HCC risk, with no significant association evident in TNF-α (-308). However, the TNF-α and IFN-γ levels markedly increased in HCC development.
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Liang X, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Lu Y, Zhou X, Wang Z, Yu J, Yan Y, Di L, Che L, Jiang H, Shao B, Wang X, Yang H, Lyerly HK, Ren J. Specific genetic polymorphisms of IL10-592 AA and IL10-819 TT genotypes lead to the key role for inducing docetaxel-induced liver injury in breast cancer patients. Clin Transl Oncol 2012; 15:331-4. [PMID: 23143946 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-012-0936-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study was designed to explore the genetic polymorphism of IL-10 (-1082A/G, -592A/C, -819T/C), TNF-α (-308G/A) with susceptibility to docetaxel-induced liver injury (DILI) in Chinese breast cancer patients. METHODS The targeted genetic polymorphisms of IL10-1082G/A, IL10-592A/C, IL10-819T/C, TNF-308G/A from 40 patients with DILI were assayed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight of Sequenom. RESULTS AA genotype of IL10-592 and TT of IL10-819 significantly increased incidence of DILI (P = 0.005, OR = 3.137). No differences of TNF gene polymorphism between the two groups were seen. CONCLUSION The genetic polymorphism of the IL10-592A/C AA genotype and IL10-819T/C TT genotype was predominantly conferred to the incidence of docetaxel-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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Bei JX, Jia WH, Zeng YX. Familial and large-scale case-control studies identify genes associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2012; 22:96-106. [PMID: 22313875 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy and has a remarkable geographic distribution, which is highly prevalent in southern China, Southeast Asia, and North Africa. Although most of the NPC are sporadic cases, the familial clustering of NPC has been demonstrated worldwide. Accumulating studies have proposed that the etiology of NPC is multi-stage and multi-factorial, involving genetic lesions, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and environmental exposure. Genetic variations result in differences in gene function, which in turn lead to different susceptibility to disease. Many studies have been carried out to dissect the genetic variants that contribute to NPC susceptibility. This article reviews the current progress of genetic studies to identify genes associated with NPC, focusing on the familial linkage and large-scale case-control study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Hildesheim A, Wang CP. Genetic predisposition factors and nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk: a review of epidemiological association studies, 2000-2011: Rosetta Stone for NPC: genetics, viral infection, and other environmental factors. Semin Cancer Biol 2012; 22:107-16. [PMID: 22300735 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
While infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known to be an essential risk factor for the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), other co-factors including genetic factors are thought to play an important role. In this review, we summarize association studies conducted over the past decade to evaluate the role of genetic polymorphisms in NPC development. A review of the literature identified close to 100 studies, including 3 genome-wide association studies (GWAS), since 2000 that evaluated genetic polymorphisms and NPC risk in at least 100 NPC cases and 100 controls. Consistent evidence for associations were reported for a handful of genes, including immune-related HLA Class I genes, DNA repair gene RAD51L1, cell cycle control genes MDM2 and TP53, and cell adhesion/migration gene MMP2. However, for most of the genes evaluated, there was no effort to replicate findings and studies were largely modest in size, typically consisting of no more than a few hundred cases and controls. The small size of most studies, and the lack of attempts at replication have limited progress in understanding the genetics of NPC. Moving forward, if we are to advance our understanding of genetic factors involved in the development of NPC, and of the impact of gene-gene and gene-environment interations in the development of this disease, consortial efforts that pool across multiple, well-designed and coordinated efforts will most likely be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Hildesheim
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Liu F, Li B, Wei YG, Chen X, Ma Y, Yan LN, Wen TF, Xu MQ, Wang WT, Yang JY. IFN-γ+874 A/T polymorphism and cancer risk: An updated analysis based on 32 case-control studies. Cytokine 2011; 56:200-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Ghandri N, Gabbouj S, Farhat K, Bouaouina N, Abdelaziz H, Nouri A, Chouchane L, Hassen E. Association of HLA-G polymorphisms with nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk and clinical outcome. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:150-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mi YY, Yu QQ, Xu B, Zhang LF, Min ZC, Hua LX, Feng NH, Yao Y. Interferon gamma +874 T/A polymorphism contributes to cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis based on 17 case–control studies. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:4461-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu P, Xie BL, Cai SH, He YW, Zhang G, Yi YM, Du J. Expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in nasopharyngeal carcinoma impairs the cytolytic function of peripheral blood lymphocytes. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:416. [PMID: 19948041 PMCID: PMC2797021 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells and infiltrating lymphocytes are frequently found in tumor tissues in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Most patients with NPC, however, especially those with advanced stages, have a poor clinical prognosis despite conventional immunotherapy. The aim of this work was to examine the effect of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an immunosuppressive enzyme, on the lymphocyte function in NPC. METHODS The NPC cell line CNE2 was treated by interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) and the levels of IDO expression was analyzed by Western blotting and reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Lymphocytes from health human exposed to the milieu created by IDO-positive CNE2 cells and the lymphocyte cytotoxicity to target tumor cells was analyzed by standard lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Additionally, expression of IDO was determined by Immunohistochemical assay in the tumor tissues form clinically evaluated NPC. RESULTS IDO expression was acutely induced in the NPC cell line CNE2 by low dose interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) or by co-incubation with activated lymphocytes. Exposure to the milieu created by IDO-positive CNE2 cells did not promote lymphocyte death, but lymphocyte cytotoxicity against target tumor cells was impaired. The suppression of lymphocyte cytotoxic function was fully restored when the conditioned medium was replaced by fresh medium for 24 h. In additionally, the IDO-positive cells were found scattered in the tumor tissues from patients with NPC. CONCLUSION Altogether, these findings suggest that IDO-mediated immunosuppression may be involved in the tumor immune evasion, and that blocking IDO activity in tumor cells may help to re-establish an effective anti-tumor T cell response in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No 132 Waihuandong Road, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Gao LB, Liang WB, Xue H, Rao L, Pan XM, Lv ML, Bai P, Fang WL, Liu J, Liao M, Zhang L. Genetic polymorphism of interleukin-16 and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 409:132-5. [PMID: 19758567 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common genetic variants in inflammatory cytokine genes can affect the risk of developing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Interleukin-16 (IL-16), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a pivotal role in inflammatory diseases as well as in the pathogenesis of tumors. METHODS We analyzed rs4778889 T/C, rs11556218 T/G, and rs4072111 C/T polymorphisms of IL-16 in 206 patients with NPC and 373 healthy controls in a Chinese population, using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) strategy and DNA sequencing methods. RESULTS The rs11556218 T/G polymorphism of IL-16 gene was significantly associated with the susceptibility to NPC. The TG genotype was associated with a significantly higher risk of NPC as compared with the TT genotype (OR=1.67; 95% CI, 1.18-2.36). Patients carrying the G allele had a significantly higher risk for developing NPC compared to individuals carrying the T allele (OR=1.36; 95% CI, 1.03-1.78). CONCLUSIONS This study shows an association between IL-16 gene polymorphisms and the risk of NPC, and our data suggests that IL-16 gene polymorphisms may be useful as genetic susceptibility markers for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Bo Gao
- Department of Forensic Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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Combined analysis of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis C severity. Hum Immunol 2009; 70:230-6. [PMID: 19480854 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Today there is increasing evidence concerning the contribution of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine balance and genetic factors in hepatitis C pathogenesis and interindividual heterogeneity of disease outcome. In the current study, we investigated the influence of functionally described single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present in interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) genes, on chronic hepatitis C severity. IFNgamma (+874T/A) and IL-10 (-1082G/A) genotypes were determined in 100 hepatitis C patients with different disease severities (chronic hepatitis, n = 42, liver cirrhosis [LC], and hepatocellular carcinoma in liver cirrhosis [HCC], n = 58) and 103 healthy controls using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. No statistical differences in allele or genotype distributions of IFNgamma and IL-10 genes were observed between patients and controls. However, some significant differences in IFNgamma genotype frequencies were observed between the two groups of patients. IFNgamma(high producer) genotypes TT and TA were significantly more common in patients with LC and HCC (odds ratio = 2.65; p = 0.019). Although IL-10 genotypic frequencies were comparable between the different clinical forms of the disease, the combination of IFNgamma(low producer) and IL-10(high producer) genotypes was significantly associated with a lower risk of LC and HCC (odds ratio = 0.21; p = 0.015). In conclusion, our findings suggest that the imbalance between the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses mediated by polymorphisms in the IFNgamma and IL-10 genes may influence the outcome of chronic HCV infection.
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Kapoor S. New insights into the genetic basis of nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Int J Immunogenet 2008; 35:341. [PMID: 18549391 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2008.00776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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