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Lebrija-Trejos E, Hernández A, Wright SJ. Effects of moisture and density-dependent interactions on tropical tree diversity. Nature 2023; 615:100-104. [PMID: 36792827 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Tropical tree diversity increases with rainfall1,2. Direct physiological effects of moisture availability and indirect effects mediated by biotic interactions are hypothesized to contribute to this pantropical increase in diversity with rainfall2-6. Previous studies have demonstrated direct physiological effects of variation in moisture availability on tree survival and diversity5,7-10, but the indirect effects of variation in moisture availability on diversity mediated by biotic interactions have not been shown11. Here we evaluate the relationships between interannual variation in moisture availability, the strength of density-dependent interactions, and seedling diversity in central Panama. Diversity increased with soil moisture over the first year of life across 20 annual cohorts. These first-year changes in diversity persisted for at least 15 years. Differential survival of moisture-sensitive species did not contribute to the observed changes in diversity. Rather, negative density-dependent interactions among conspecifics were stronger and increased diversity in wetter years. This suggests that moisture availability enhances diversity indirectly through moisture-sensitive, density-dependent conspecific interactions. Pathogens and phytophagous insects mediate interactions among seedlings in tropical forests12-18, and many of these plant enemies are themselves moisture-sensitive19-27. Changes in moisture availability caused by climate change and habitat degradation may alter these interactions and tropical tree diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Lebrija-Trejos
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa-Oranim, Kiryat Tiv'on, Israel.
| | | | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Panama
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2
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Marshall CAM, Dabo J, Mensah M, Ekpe P, Kpadehyea JT, Haba OO, Bilivogui D, Hawthorne WD. Predictors of plant endemism in two west African forest hotspots. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.980660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Centres of endemism have been much studied by biogeographers, ecologists, and evolutionary theorists, and are considered conservation priorities. It is therefore important to understand the ecological traits of restricted range taxa, and the landscape-scale drivers of high endemism. Here, we investigate correlates of floristic endemism within two of west Africa’s forest biodiversity hotspots at local scale. We assembled distribution data for 1,042 vascular plant taxa from 114 sample locations within forest reserves of south west Ghana, and for 1,735 vascular plant taxa from 454 sample locations within the Nimba Mountains (Liberia and Guinea). A quantitative index of global endemism called the Genetic Heat Index was modelled linearly. We tested the significance of modern climate, altitude and disturbance as factors predicting endemism rates in these two forest reserves. Annual rainfall was significantly and positively related to endemism rates in both south west Ghana and the Nimba Mountains. Altitude was a significant predictor of endemism rates in the Nimba Mountains, with a quadratic relationship highlighting particularly high endemism over 1,000 m. Local topography rather than altitude was a significant predictor or endemism in SW Ghana, where altitude varies less. Areas of high rainfall and high altitude are geographically restricted across the western African forests, acting as edaphic islands driving spatial isolation. Disturbed vegetation samples had lower endemism rates than undisturbed samples in both Nimba and SW Ghana, and overall pioneer species had wider areas of occupancy than shade-bearing species. Endemism rates increased slightly with each year following clearance. Disturbance thus creates and maintains vegetation types which support a lower proportion of globally rare species in the two biodiversity hotspots surveyed. From the point of view of the conservation of globally rare plants, it is important to keep additional disturbance in the south west Ghana hotspot, particularly Ankasa, to a minimum, as is the current practice, and in the Nimba mountains to establish community forests which may be left relatively undisturbed amid farming and mining activities.
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3
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Temperature and soils predict the distribution of plant species along the Himalayan elevational gradient. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s026646742100050x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTropical montane systems are characterized by a high plant species diversity and complex environmental gradients. Climate warming may force species to track suitable climatic conditions and shift their distribution upward, which may be particularly problematic for species with narrow elevational ranges. To better understand the fate of montane plant species in the face of climate change, we evaluated a) which environmental factors best predict the distribution of 277 plant species along the Himalayan elevational gradient in Nepal, and b) whether species elevational ranges increase with increasing elevation. To this end, we developed ecological niche models using MaxEnt by combining species survey and presence data with 19 environmental predictors. Key environmental factors that best predicted the distribution of Himalayan plant species were mean annual temperature (for 54.5% of the species) followed by soil clay content (10.2%) and slope (9.4%). Although temperature is the best predictor, it is associated with many other covariates that may explain species distribution, such as irradiance and potential evapotranspiration. Species at both ends of the Himalayan elevational gradient had narrower elevational ranges than species in the middle. Our results suggest that with further global warming, most Himalayan plant species have to migrate upward, which is especially critical for upland species with narrow distribution ranges.
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Tarnian F, Kumar S, Azarnivand H, Chahouki MAZ, Mossivand AM. Assessing the effects of climate change on the distribution of Daphne mucronata in Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:562. [PMID: 34379207 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zagros Mountains are like an island in the Middle East and they are subjected to changes in climate. Daphne mucronata Royle is an important medicinal plant species preserved in the high elevation regions in these mountains. Maxent species distribution model was used to integrate presence data (2413 points) and environmental variables to model the current and future potential distribution of D. mucronata in Iran. The most important variables were Bio19 with 50.5% contribution, followed by Bio8 and Bio2 with 30% and 11.4% contributions, respectively. The best Maxent model included seven variables, 4 feature types (linear, quadratic, product, and hinge), and had a test AUC value of 0.894. The current potential distribution indicated that 8% of Iran's drylands are suitable for growing D. mucronata and this area could decrease to 5.2% under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5, and 3.1% under RCP 8.5 due to climate change. Our results suggest that D. mucronata may lose overall about 2.8% and 4.9% of its current distribution under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, respectively, by 2050. There would be only 0.7 and 0.2% gains under RCP 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. The species would locally disappear between 1500- and 2000-m elevation under RCP 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. The establishment of some stations for monitoring the changes in transition zone or lost areas especially on the southeastern parts of Zagros Mountain can help in detecting changes in the future. Additionally, stable habitats may be good target areas for future conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farajollah Tarnian
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, P.O. Box 465, Khorramabad, Lorestan Province, Iran.
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1499, USA.
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1499, USA
| | - Hossein Azarnivand
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Amir Mirzaei Mossivand
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, P.O. Box 465, Khorramabad, Lorestan Province, Iran
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Liu Q, Sterck FJ, Zhang JL, Scheire A, Konings E, Cao M, Sha LQ, Poorter L. Traits, strategies, and niches of liana species in a tropical seasonal rainforest. Oecologia 2021; 196:499-514. [PMID: 34023971 PMCID: PMC8241640 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant functional traits and strategies hold the promise to explain species distribution, but few studies have linked multiple traits to multiple niche dimensions (i.e., light, water, and nutrients). Here, we analyzed for 29 liana species in a Chinese tropical seasonal rainforest how: (1) trait associations and trade-offs lead to different plant strategies; and (2) how these traits shape species' niche dimensions. Eighteen functional traits related to light, water, and nutrient use were measured and species niche dimensions were quantified using species distribution in a 20-ha plot combined with data on canopy gaps, topographic water availability, and soil nutrients. We found a tissue toughness spectrum ranging from soft to hard tissues along which species also varied from acquisitive to conservative water use, and a resource acquisition spectrum ranging from low to high light capture and nutrient use. Intriguingly, each spectrum partly reflected the conservative-acquisitive paradigm, but at the same time, the tissue toughness and the resource acquisition spectrum were uncoupled. Resource niche dimensions were better predicted by individual traits than by multivariate plant strategies. This suggests that trait components that underlie multivariate strategy axes, rather than the plant strategies themselves determine species distributions. Different traits were important for different niche dimensions. In conclusion, plant functional traits and strategies can indeed explain species distributions, but not in a simple and straight forward way. Although the identification of global plant strategies has significantly advanced the field, this research shows that global, multivariate generalizations are difficult to translate to local conditions, as different components of these strategies are important under different local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Frank J Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 666303, China.
| | - Arne Scheire
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Konings
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Min Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Li-Qing Sha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Puglielli G, Laanisto L, Poorter H, Niinemets Ü. Global patterns of biomass allocation in woody species with different tolerances of shade and drought: evidence for multiple strategies. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:308-322. [PMID: 33411342 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The optimal partitioning theory predicts that plants of a given species acclimate to different environments by allocating a larger proportion of biomass to the organs acquiring the most limiting resource. Are similar patterns found across species adapted to environments with contrasting levels of abiotic stress? We tested the optimal partitioning theory by analysing how fractional biomass allocation to leaves, stems and roots differed between woody species with different tolerances of shade and drought in plants of different age and size (seedlings to mature trees) using a global dataset including 604 species. No overarching biomass allocation patterns at different tolerance values across species were found. Biomass allocation varied among functional types as a result of phenological (deciduous vs evergreen broad-leaved species) and broad phylogenetical (angiosperms vs gymnosperms) differences. Furthermore, the direction of biomass allocation responses between tolerant and intolerant species was often opposite to that predicted by the optimal partitioning theory. We conclude that plant functional type is the major determinant of biomass allocation in woody species. We propose that interactions between plant functional type, ontogeny and species-specific stress tolerance adaptations allow woody species with different shade and drought tolerances to display multiple biomass partitioning strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Puglielli
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
| | - Lauri Laanisto
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, D-52425, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia
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Msalilwa UL, Munishi LK, Makule EE, Ndakidemi PA. Pinpointing baobab (
Adansonia digitata
[Linn. 1759]) population hotspots in the semi‐arid areas of Tanzania. Afr J Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Upendo L. Msalilwa
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Management The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania
- Centre for Research, Agricultural Advancement, Teaching Excellence and Sustainability (CREATES) in Food and Nutrition Security The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania
| | - Linus K. Munishi
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Management The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania
- Centre for Research, Agricultural Advancement, Teaching Excellence and Sustainability (CREATES) in Food and Nutrition Security The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania
| | - Edna E. Makule
- Centre for Research, Agricultural Advancement, Teaching Excellence and Sustainability (CREATES) in Food and Nutrition Security The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania
| | - Patrick A. Ndakidemi
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Management The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania
- Centre for Research, Agricultural Advancement, Teaching Excellence and Sustainability (CREATES) in Food and Nutrition Security The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania
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Gorel A, Steppe K, Beeckman H, De Baerdemaeker NJF, Doucet J, Ligot G, Daïnou K, Fayolle A. Testing the divergent adaptation of two congeneric tree species on a rainfall gradient using eco‐physio‐morphological traits. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs‐Pasiphaé Gorel
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Forest is lifeGembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of Liège Gembloux Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant EcologyDepartment of Plants and CropsFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Hans Beeckman
- Laboratory for Wood Biology and XylariumRoyal Museum for Central Africa Tervuren Belgium
| | - Niels J. F. De Baerdemaeker
- Laboratory of Plant EcologyDepartment of Plants and CropsFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Jean‐Louis Doucet
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Forest is lifeGembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of Liège Gembloux Belgium
| | - Gauthier Ligot
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Forest is lifeGembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of Liège Gembloux Belgium
| | - Kasso Daïnou
- School of Forestry and Wood EngineeringNational University of Agriculture Ketou Benin
| | - Adeline Fayolle
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Forest is lifeGembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of Liège Gembloux Belgium
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Genetic Variation of Growth Traits and Genotype-by-Environment Interactions in Clones of Catalpa bungei and Catalpa fargesii f. duclouxii. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Clones of Catalpa bungei and Catalpa fargesii f. duclouxii were studied over several years in central China to explore genetic variation in growth traits and to identify clones of high wood yield and high stability. The genetic parameters for height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and stem volume of clones, were estimated. The effect of clone × year on the increment of stem volume in the two species was analyzed by genotype and genotype × environment (GGE) biplot methods. Significant differences in growth traits among clones and between species were found. The growth of C. bungei exceeded that of C. fargesii f. duclouxii after 4 years. Furthermore, from the 5th year, the repeatability and genetic variation coefficient (GCV) of the C. bungei clones were higher than those of the C. fargesii f. duclouxii clones in most cases. The phenotypic variation coefficient (PCV) of the C. fargesii f. duclouxii clones was significantly lower than that of the C. bungei clones. The repeatability of stem volume was intermediate or high in the two species. ANOVA revealed significant effects of the clone by year interaction in these two species. GGE biplot analysis revealed that wood yield and stability were largely independent in C. bungei; clones 22-03, 19-27, and 20-01 were the optimal clones in this species. In contrast, the optimal clones 63 and 128 of C. fargesii f. duclouxii combined the desired characteristics of high yield and high stability. In conclusion, our results indicated that the height and stem volume of C. bungei was under strong genetic control, whereas that of C. fargesii f. duclouxii was influenced by the environment more than by genetic effects. Genetic improvement by clone selection can be expected to be effective, as the repeatability of stem volume was high. Francis and Kannenberg’s method and GGE biplot analysis were used in combination to evaluate the clones. C. bungei clone 22-03 and C. fargesii f. duclouxii clones 63 and 128 were identified as the optimal clones, which exhibited both a high increment of stem volume and high stability.
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10
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Mapping the Leaf Economic Spectrum across West African Tropical Forests Using UAV-Acquired Hyperspectral Imagery. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The leaf economic spectrum (LES) describes a set of universal trade-offs between leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf nitrogen (N), leaf phosphorus (P) and leaf photosynthesis that influence patterns of primary productivity and nutrient cycling. Many questions regarding vegetation-climate feedbacks can be addressed with a better understanding of LES traits and their controls. Remote sensing offers enormous potential for generating large-scale LES trait data. Yet so far, canopy studies have been limited to imaging spectrometers onboard aircraft, which are rare, expensive to deploy and lack fine-scale resolution. In this study, we measured VNIR (visible-near infrared (400–1050 nm)) reflectance of individual sun and shade leaves in 7 one-ha tropical forest plots located along a 1200–2000 mm precipitation gradient in West Africa. We collected hyperspectral imaging data from 3 of the 7 plots, using an octocopter-based unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), mounted with a hyperspectral mapping system (450–950 nm, 9 nm FWHM). Using partial least squares regression (PLSR), we found that the spectra of individual sun leaves demonstrated significant (p < 0.01) correlations with LMA and leaf chemical traits: r2 = 0.42 (LMA), r2 = 0.43 (N), r2 = 0.21 (P), r2 = 0.20 (leaf potassium (K)), r2 = 0.23 (leaf calcium (Ca)) and r2 = 0.14 (leaf magnesium (Mg)). Shade leaf spectra displayed stronger relationships with all leaf traits. At the airborne level, four of the six leaf traits demonstrated weak (p < 0.10) correlations with the UAV-collected spectra of 58 tree crowns: r2 = 0.25 (LMA), r2 = 0.22 (N), r2 = 0.22 (P), and r2 = 0.25 (Ca). From the airborne imaging data, we used LMA, N and P values to map the LES across the three plots, revealing precipitation and substrate as co-dominant drivers of trait distributions and relationships. Positive N-P correlations and LMA-P anticorrelations followed typical LES theory, but we found no classic trade-offs between LMA and N. Overall, this study demonstrates the application of UAVs to generating LES information and advancing the study and monitoring tropical forest functional diversity.
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11
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Xu J, Chai Y, Wang M, Dang H, Guo Y, Chen Y, Zhang C, Li T, Zhang L, Yue M. Shifts in Plant Community Assembly Processes across Growth Forms along a Habitat Severity Gradient: A Test of the Plant Functional Trait Approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:180. [PMID: 29497437 PMCID: PMC5818416 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Species respond to changes in their environments. A core goal in ecology is to understand the process of plant community assembly in response to a changing climate. Examining the performance of functional traits and trait-based assembly patterns across species among different growth forms is a useful way to explore the assembly process. In this study, we constructed a habitat severity gradient including several environment factors along a 2300 m wide elevational range at Taibai Mountain, central China. Then we assessed the shift on functional trait values and community assembly patterns along this gradient across species among different growth forms. We found that (1) although habitat-severity values closely covaried with elevation in this study, an examined communities along a habitat severity gradient might reveal community dynamics and species responses under future climate change. (2) the occurrence of trait values along the habitat severity gradient across different growth forms were similar, whereas the assembly pattern of herbaceous species was inconsistent with the community and woody species. (3) the trait-trait relationships of herbaceous species were dissimilar to those of the community and woody species. These results suggest that (1) community would re-assemble along habitat severity gradient through environmental filtering, regardless of any growth forms and that (2) different growth forms' species exhibiting similar trait values' shift but different trait-trait relationship by different trait combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongfu Chai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- College of Grassland and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumchi, China
| | - Han Dang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaoxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Yue
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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12
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Chen L, Xiang W, Wu H, Lei P, Zhang S, Ouyang S, Deng X, Fang X. Tree growth traits and social status affect the wood density of pioneer species in secondary subtropical forest. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5366-5377. [PMID: 28770074 PMCID: PMC5528239 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Wood density (WD) is not only an important parameter to estimate aboveground biomass but also an indicator of timber quality and plant adaptation strategies to stressful conditions (i.e., windthrow, pests, and pathogens). This study had three objectives: (1) to compare WD among seven subtropical tree species; (2) to determine how tree growth traits may influence possible differences in WD between the pioneer and shade‐tolerant species; and (3) to examine whether or not WD differs by tree social status (dominant vs. suppressed trees) within species. To do this, 70 trees were destructively harvested. From each tree, disks at different stem heights were obtained and subjected to a method of stem analysis to measure whole tree level WD. The results showed that WD differed significantly among the seven species (p < .001). Their average WD was 0.537 g/cm3, ranging from 0.409 g/cm3 for Choerospondias axillaris to 0.691 g/cm3 for Cyclobalanopsis glauca. The average WD of the four pioneer species (0.497 ± 0.13 g/cm3) was significantly lower (p < .01) than that of the three shade‐tolerant species (0.589 ± 0.12 g/cm3). The WD of the pioneers had a significant positive correlation with their stem diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (H), and tree age, but WD had a significant negative correlation with relative growth rate (RGR). In contrast, the WD of the shade‐tolerant tree species had no significant relationships with DBH, H, tree age, or RGR. The dominant trees of the pioneer species had a higher WD than the suppressed trees, whereas the shade‐tolerant species had a lower WD for dominant trees than the suppressed trees. However, the differences in WD between dominant and suppressed trees were not significant. Taken together, the results suggest that classifying species into pioneer and shade‐tolerant groups to examine the effects of tree growth traits and social status could improve our understanding of intra‐ and interspecific variation in WD among subtropical tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiu Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan China
| | - Wenhua Xiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan China.,Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province Huitong Hunan China
| | - Huili Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan China.,Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province Huitong Hunan China
| | - Pifeng Lei
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan China.,Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province Huitong Hunan China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan China
| | - Shuai Ouyang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan China.,Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province Huitong Hunan China
| | - Xiangwen Deng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan China.,Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province Huitong Hunan China
| | - Xi Fang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha Hunan China.,Huitong National Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystems in Hunan Province Huitong Hunan China
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Epila J, Verbeeck H, Otim-Epila T, Okullo P, Kearsley E, Steppe K. The ecology ofMaesopsis eminiiEngl. in tropical Africa. Afr J Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Epila
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology; Laboratory of Plant Ecology; Ghent University; Coupure links 653 Ghent B-9000 Belgium
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology; CAVElab Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology; Ghent University; Coupure links 653 Ghent B-9000 Belgium
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology; CAVElab Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology; Ghent University; Coupure links 653 Ghent B-9000 Belgium
| | - Thomas Otim-Epila
- Civil Aviation Authority (CAA); Head Office P.O.Box 5536 Entebbe Uganda
| | - Paul Okullo
- National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO); Karamoja Uganda
| | - Elizabeth Kearsley
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology; CAVElab Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology; Ghent University; Coupure links 653 Ghent B-9000 Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology; Laboratory of Plant Ecology; Ghent University; Coupure links 653 Ghent B-9000 Belgium
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Sinasson GKS, Shackleton CM, Glèlè Kakaï RL, Sinsin B. Forest degradation and invasive species synergistically impactMimusops andongensis(Sapotaceae) in Lama Forest Reserve, Benin. Biotropica 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gisèle K. S. Sinasson
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Appliquée; Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques; Université d'Abomey-Calavi; 01 BP 526 Cotonou Bénin
| | - Charlie M. Shackleton
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Rhodes University; 6140 Grahamstown South Africa
| | - Romain L. Glèlè Kakaï
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Appliquée; Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques; Université d'Abomey-Calavi; 01 BP 526 Cotonou Bénin
| | - Brice Sinsin
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Appliquée; Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques; Université d'Abomey-Calavi; 01 BP 526 Cotonou Bénin
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Wei H, Luo T, Wu B. Optimal balance of water use efficiency and leaf construction cost with a link to the drought threshold of the desert steppe ecotone in northern China. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 118:541-53. [PMID: 27443298 PMCID: PMC4998985 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In arid environments, a high nitrogen content per leaf area (Narea) induced by drought can enhance water use efficiency (WUE) of photosynthesis, but may also lead to high leaf construction cost (CC). Our aim was to investigate how maximizing Narea could balance WUE and CC in an arid-adapted, widespread species along a rainfall gradient, and how such a process may be related to the drought threshold of the desert-steppe ecotone in northern China. METHODS Along rainfall gradients with a moisture index (MI) of 0·17-0·41 in northern China and the northern Tibetan Plateau, we measured leaf traits and stand variables including specific leaf area (SLA), nitrogen content relative to leaf mass and area (Nmass, Narea) and construction cost (CCmass, CCarea), δ(13)C (indicator of WUE), leaf area index (LAI) and foliage N-pool across populations of Artemisia ordosica KEY RESULTS In samples from northern China, a continuous increase of Narea with decreasing MI was achieved by a higher Nmass and constant SLA (reduced LAI and constant N-pool) in high-rainfall areas (MI > 0·29), but by a lower SLA and Nmass (reduced LAI and N-pool) in low-rainfall areas (MI ≤ 0·29). While δ(13)C, CCmass and CCarea continuously increased with decreasing MI, the low-rainfall group had higher Narea and δ(13)C at a given CCarea, compared with the high-rainfall group. Similar patterns were also found in additional data for the same species in the northern Tibetan Plateau. The observed drought threshold where MI = 0·29 corresponded well to the zonal boundary between typical and desert steppes in northern China. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that below a climatic drought threshold, drought-resistant plants tend to maximize their intrinsic WUE through increased Narea at a given CCarea, which suggests a linkage between leaf functional traits and arid vegetation zonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wei
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tianxiang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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Rainfall and temperature affect tree species distribution in Ghana. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1017/s026646741400025x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:We evaluated the relative importance of annual rainfall, temperature and their seasonality to tree species distribution in Ghana. We used species presence/absence data from 2505 1-ha plots systematically distributed over Ghana's forests. Logistic regression was used to determine species responses to four climatic variables generated from the Worldclim database. The distribution of 95% of 20 species was significantly associated with annual rainfall, 60% with rainfall seasonality, 45% with isothermality and 40% with temperature seasonality. Annual rainfall explained on average most of the variation (17%, range = 0.5–52%) in species distribution, followed by rainfall seasonality 5% (range = 0.5–27%), isothermality 4% (range = 0.8–24%) and temperature seasonality 1% (range = 0.4–4.5%). Our results suggest that, out of the climatic variables investigated, rainfall is the main factor determining tree species distribution in Ghana; temperature also influences the distribution of a number of species, although it explains much less of the variation. The reduction in annual rainfall that prevailing climate-change scenarios predict for the region will result in a shift in the distribution of most species, whereas the predicted increase in temperature variation is likely to have little effect.
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Born J, Pluess AR, Burslem DF, Nilus R, Maycock CR, Ghazoul J. Differing Life History Characteristics Support Coexistence of Tree Soil Generalist and Specialist Species in Tropical Rain Forests. Biotropica 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Born
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems; Department of Environmental Sciences; ETH Zurich; Universitätstrasse 16 Zurich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Andrea R. Pluess
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems; Department of Environmental Sciences; ETH Zurich; Universitätstrasse 16 Zurich 8092 Switzerland
| | - David F.R.P. Burslem
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Aberdeen; Cruickshank Building St Machar Drive Aberdeen AB24 3UU U.K
| | - Reuben Nilus
- Forest Research Centre; Sabah Forestry Department; P.O. Box 1407 90715 Sandakan Sabah Malaysia
| | - Colin R. Maycock
- Forest Research Centre; Sabah Forestry Department; P.O. Box 1407 90715 Sandakan Sabah Malaysia
| | - Jaboury Ghazoul
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems; Department of Environmental Sciences; ETH Zurich; Universitätstrasse 16 Zurich 8092 Switzerland
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Mitchell RM, Bakker JD. Quantifying and comparing intraspecific functional trait variability: a case study withHypochaeris radicata. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Mitchell
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences; University of Washington; Box 354115 Seattle Washington 98195-4115 USA
| | - Jonathan D. Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences; University of Washington; Box 354115 Seattle Washington 98195-4115 USA
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Héroult A, Lin YS, Bourne A, Medlyn BE, Ellsworth DS. Optimal stomatal conductance in relation to photosynthesis in climatically contrasting Eucalyptus species under drought. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:262-274. [PMID: 22762345 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02570.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Models of stomatal conductance (g(s)) are based on coupling between g(s) and CO(2) assimilation (A(net)), and it is often assumed that the slope of this relationship ('g(1) ') is constant across species. However, if different plant species have adapted to different access costs of water, then there will be differences in g(1) among species. We hypothesized that g(1) should vary among species adapted to different climates, and tested the theory and its linkage to plant hydraulics using four Eucalyptus species from different climatic origins in a common garden. Optimal stomatal theory predicts that species from sub-humid zones have a lower marginal water cost of C gain, hence lower g(1) than humid-zone species. In agreement with the theory that g(1) is related to tissue carbon costs for water supply, we found a relationship between wood density and g(1) across Eucalyptus species of contrasting climatic origins. There were significant reductions in the parameter g(1) during drought in humid but not sub-humid species, with the latter group maintaining g(1) in drought. There are strong differences in stomatal behaviour among related tree species in agreement with optimal stomatal theory, and these differences are consistent with the economics involved in water uptake and transport for carbon gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Héroult
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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T. B. Orou Matilo A, Iida Y, S. Kohyama T. Tree species composition and stand structure of woody savanna in Dahomey Gap. TROPICS 2013. [DOI: 10.3759/tropics.22.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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de la Estrella M, Mateo RG, Wieringa JJ, Mackinder B, Muñoz J. Legume diversity patterns in West Central Africa: influence of species biology on distribution models. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41526. [PMID: 22911808 PMCID: PMC3402427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Species Distribution Models (SDMs) are used to produce predictions of potential Leguminosae diversity in West Central Africa. Those predictions are evaluated subsequently using expert opinion. The established methodology of combining all SDMs is refined to assess species diversity within five defined vegetation types. Potential species diversity is thus predicted for each vegetation type respectively. The primary aim of the new methodology is to define, in more detail, areas of species richness for conservation planning. METHODOLOGY Using Maxent, SDMs based on a suite of 14 environmental predictors were generated for 185 West Central African Leguminosae species, each categorised according to one of five vegetation types: Afromontane, coastal, non-flooded forest, open formations, or riverine forest. The relative contribution of each environmental variable was compared between different vegetation types using a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis analysis followed by a post-hoc Kruskal-Wallis Paired Comparison contrast. Legume species diversity patterns were explored initially using the typical method of stacking all SDMs. Subsequently, five different ensemble models were generated by partitioning SDMs according to vegetation category. Ecological modelers worked with legume specialists to improve data integrity and integrate expert opinion in the interpretation of individual species models and potential species richness predictions for different vegetation types. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS Of the 14 environmental predictors used, five showed no difference in their relative contribution to the different vegetation models. Of the nine discriminating variables, the majority were related to temperature variation. The set of variables that played a major role in the Afromontane species diversity model differed significantly from the sets of variables of greatest relative important in other vegetation categories. The traditional approach of stacking all SDMs indicated overall centers of diversity in the region but the maps indicating potential species richness by vegetation type offered more detailed information on which conservation efforts can be focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel de la Estrella
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de Sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rubén G. Mateo
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Botany, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jan J. Wieringa
- Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis (section NHN), Herbarium Vadense (WAG), Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Mackinder
- Herbarium, Library, Art and Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jesús Muñoz
- Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Ambato, Ecuador
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