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Wang Q, Xue X, Li Y, Dong Y, Zhang L, Zhou Q, Deng F, Ma Z, Qiao D, Hu C, Ren Y. A maize ADP-ribosylation factor ZmArf2 increases organ and seed size by promoting cell expansion in Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 156:97-107. [PMID: 26096810 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) are small GTP-binding proteins that regulate a wide variety of cell functions. Previously, we isolated a new ARF, ZmArf2, from maize (Zea mays). Sequence and expression characteristics indicated that ZmArf2 might play a critical role in the early stages of endosperm development. In this study, we investigated ZmArf2 function by analysis of its GTP-binding activity and subcellular localization. We also over-expressed ZmArf2 in Arabidopsis and measured organ and cell size and counted cell numbers. The expression levels of five organ size-associated genes were also determined in 35S::ZmArf2 transgenic and wild-type plants. Results showed that the recombinant ZmArf2 protein purified from Escherichia coli exhibited GTP-binding activity. Subcellular localization revealed that ZmArf2 was localized in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. ZmArf2 over-expression in Arabidopsis showed that 35S::ZmArf2 transgenic plants were taller and had larger leaves and seeds compared to wild-type plants, which resulted from cell expansions, not an increase in cell numbers. In addition, three cell expansion-related genes, AtEXP3, AtEXP5 and AtEXP10, were upregulated in 35S::ZmArf2 transgenic lines, while the expression levels of AtGIF1 and AtGRF5, were unchanged. Collectively, our studies suggest that ZmArf2 has an active GTP-binding function, and plays a crucial role in growth and development in Arabidopsis through cell expansion mediated by cell expansion genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilei Wang
- College of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Xue
- College of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuling Li
- College of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongbin Dong
- College of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Long Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Deng
- College of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyan Ma
- College of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dahe Qiao
- College of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Hu
- College of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yangliu Ren
- College of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou, China
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Pu Z, Chen G, Wang J, Liu Y, Jiang Q, Li W, Lan X, Dai S, Wei Y, Zheng Y. Characterization and chromosome location of ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) in wheat. Pak J Biol Sci 2014; 17:792-801. [PMID: 26035952 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2014.792.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the ARF genes were cloned, sequenced and located on the chromosomes. The gene expression of various stress conditions were analyzed through RT-PCR. Two important features of ARF in wheat were found: (1) High sequences homology among species in mammalian and plant and (2) Four exons and three introns were conserved in Poaceae. In this study the coding genes of ADP-ribosylation Factors (ARF) were characterized and they were located on chromosomes 3AL and 2DL in common wheat and its diploid progenitors. Forty-seven candidate SNPs in ARF were detected which were located in exons (17 SNPs) and introns (30 SNPs), respectively. As expected, most of the SNPs (66.34%) in ARF were transitions and the rest (33.66%) were transversions. The expression difference of ARF under various environmental stresses (low-temperature, Abscisic Acid (ABA), Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), NaCl, stripe rust), in two stages (seedling and maturity) and in different tissues (root, stem, flag leaf and immature embryo) of 15 days post-flowering were investigated. The results revealed that the expression levels of ARF were affected by environmental stresses. PEG stress induced the highest level of ARF expression, followed by the stripe rust and ABA stresses.
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Li C, Wang C, Meng L, Xing J, Wang T, Yang H, Yao Y, Peng H, Hu Z, Sun Q, Ni Z. Ectopic expression of a maize hybrid down-regulated gene ZmARF25 decreases organ size by affecting cellular proliferation in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94830. [PMID: 24756087 PMCID: PMC3995674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterosis is associated with differential gene expression between hybrids and their parental lines, and the genes involved in cell proliferation played important roles. AtARF2 is a general cell proliferation repressor in Arabidopsis. In our previous study, two homologues (ZmARF10 and ZmARF25) of AtARF2 were identified in maize, but their relationship with heterosis was not elucidated. Here, the expression patterns of ZmARF10 and ZmARF25 in seedling leaves of maize hybrids and their parental lines were analyzed. The results of qRT-PCR exhibited that ZmARF25 was down-regulated in leaf basal region of hybrids. Moreover, overexpression of ZmARF25 led to reduced organ size in Arabidopsis, which was mainly due to the decrease in cell number, not cell size. In addition, the cell proliferation related genes AtANT, AtGIF1 and AtGRF5 were down-regulated in 35S::ZmARF25 transgenic lines. Collectively, we proposed that the down-regulation of ZmARF25 in maize hybrid may accelerate cell proliferation and promote leaf development, which, in turn, contributes to the observed leaf size heterosis in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Lingxue Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Jiewen Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Tianya Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Huiru Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Schulz P, Jansseune K, Degenkolbe T, Méret M, Claeys H, Skirycz A, Teige M, Willmitzer L, Hannah MA. Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase activity controls plant growth by promoting leaf cell number. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90322. [PMID: 24587323 PMCID: PMC3938684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A changing global environment, rising population and increasing demand for biofuels are challenging agriculture and creating a need for technologies to increase biomass production. Here we demonstrate that the inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activity is a promising technology to achieve this under non-stress conditions. Furthermore, we investigate the basis of this growth enhancement via leaf series and kinematic cell analysis as well as single leaf transcriptomics and plant metabolomics under non-stress conditions. These data indicate a regulatory function of PARP within cell growth and potentially development. PARP inhibition enhances growth of Arabidopsis thaliana by enhancing the cell number. Time course single leaf transcriptomics shows that PARP inhibition regulates a small subset of genes which are related to growth promotion, cell cycle and the control of metabolism. This is supported by metabolite analysis showing overall changes in primary and particularly secondary metabolism. Taken together the results indicate a versatile function of PARP beyond its previously reported roles in controlling plant stress tolerance and thus can be a useful target for enhancing biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schulz
- Bayer CropScience NV, Innovation Center, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karel Jansseune
- Bayer CropScience NV, Innovation Center, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Thomas Degenkolbe
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Michaël Méret
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Hannes Claeys
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Markus Teige
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lothar Willmitzer
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Matthew A. Hannah
- Bayer CropScience NV, Innovation Center, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Karan R, Subudhi PK. Overexpression of an adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation factor gene from the halophytic grass Spartina alterniflora confers salinity and drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:373-84. [PMID: 24247851 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation factors (ARFs) are small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that play an important role in intracellular protein trafficking necessary for undertaking multiple physiological functions in plant growth and developmental processes. However, little is known about the mechanism of ARF functioning at the molecular level, as well as its involvement in abiotic stress tolerance. In this study, we demonstrated the direct involvement of an ARF gene SaARF from a grass halophyte Spartina alterniflora in abiotic stress adaptation for the first time. SaARF, which encodes a protein with predicted molecular mass of 21 kDa, revealed highest identity with ARF of Oryza sativa. The SaARF gene is transcriptionally regulated by salt, drought, cold, and ABA in the leaves and roots of S. alterniflora. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing SaARF showed improved seed germination and survival of seedlings under salinity stress. Similarly, SaARF transgenic Arabidopsis plants were more tolerant to drought stress, compared to wild-type plants, by maintaining chlorophyll synthesis, increasing osmolyte synthesis, and stabilizing membrane integrity. Oxidative damage due to moisture stress in transgenic Arabidopsis was also reduced possibly by activating antioxidant genes, AtSOD1 and AtCAT. Our results suggest that enhanced drought and salinity tolerance conferred by the SaARF gene may be due to its role in mediating multiple abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Karan
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Du C, Xu Y, Wang Y, Chong K. Adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor-GTPase-activating protein stimulates the transport of AUX1 endosome, which relies on actin cytoskeletal organization in rice root development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 53:698-709. [PMID: 21631728 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2011.01059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polar auxin transport, which depends on polarized subcellular distribution of AUXIN RESISTANT 1/LIKE AUX1 (AUX1/LAX) influx carriers and PIN-FORMED (PIN) efflux carriers, mediates various processes of plant growth and development. Endosomal recycling of PIN1 is mediated by an adenosine diphosphate (ADP)ribosylation factor (ARF)-GTPase exchange factor protein, GNOM. However, the mediation of auxin influx carrier recycling is poorly understood. Here, we report that overexpression of OsAGAP, an ARF-GTPase-activating protein in rice, stimulates vesicle transport from the plasma membrane to the Golgi apparatus in protoplasts and transgenic plants and induces the accumulation of early endosomes and AUX1. AUX1 endosomes could partially colocalize with FM4-64 labeled early endosome after actin disruption. Furthermore, OsAGAP is involved in actin cytoskeletal organization, and its overexpression tends to reduce the thickness and bundling of actin filaments. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis revealed exocytosis of the AUX1 recycling endosome was not affected in the OsAGAP overexpression cells, and was only slightly promoted when the actin filaments were completely disrupted by Lat B. Thus, we propose that AUX1 accumulation in the OsAGAP overexpression and actin disrupted cells may be due to the fact that endocytosis of the auxin influx carrier AUX1 early endosome was greatly promoted by actin cytoskeleton disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Molecular Environmental Physiology, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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Sharma S, DeMason DA, Ehdaie B, Lukaszewski AJ, Waines JG. Dosage effect of the short arm of chromosome 1 of rye on root morphology and anatomy in bread wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2010; 61:2623-33. [PMID: 20444906 PMCID: PMC2882260 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneous translocation of the short arm of chromosome 1 of rye (1RS) in bread wheat is associated with higher root biomass and grain yield. Recent studies have confirmed the presence of QTL for different root morphological traits on the 1RS arm in bread wheat. This study was conducted to address two questions in wheat root genetics. First, does the presence of the 1RS arm in bread wheat affect its root anatomy? Second, how does root morphology and anatomy of bread wheat respond to different dosages of 1RS? Near-isogenic plants with a different number (0 to 4 dosages) of 1RS translocations were studied for root morphology and anatomy. The F(1) hybrid, with single doses of the 1RS and 1AS arms, showed heterosis for root and shoot biomass. In other genotypes, with 0, 2, or 4 doses of 1RS, root biomass was incremental with the increase in the dosage of 1RS in bread wheat. This study also provided evidence of the presence of gene(s) influencing root xylem vessel number, size, and distribution in bread wheat. It was found that root vasculature follows a specific developmental pattern along the length of the tap root and 1RS dosage tends to affect the transitions differentially in different positions. This study indicated that the inherent differences in root morphology and anatomy of different 1RS lines may be advantageous compared to normal bread wheat to survive under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - J. Giles Waines
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0124, USA
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