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Simiyu DC, Bayaraa U, Jang JH, Lee OR. The R2R3-MYB transcription factor PgTT2 from Panax ginseng interacts with the WD40-repeat protein PgTTG1 during the regulation of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and the response to salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108877. [PMID: 38950460 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are flavonoid compounds with important defensive roles in plants. The application of PAs in industries such as the pharmaceutical industry has led to increased interest in enhancing their biosynthesis. In Arabidopsis thaliana, PAs are biosynthesized under the regulation of an R2R3-MYB transcription factor TRANSPARENT TESTA 2 (TT2), which can interact with other proteins, including TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (TTG1), while also regulating a plant's response to abiotic stressors. However, the regulation of PA biosynthesis in the high-value medicinal plant Panax ginseng (ginseng) has not yet been studied. Understanding the mechanism of PAs biosynthesis regulation in ginseng may be helpful in increasing the plant's range of pharmacological applications. This study found that the overexpression of PgTT2 increased PA biosynthesis by an average of 67.3% in ginseng adventitious roots and 50.5% in arabidopsis seeds. Furthermore, transgenic arabidopsis plants overexpressing PgTT2 produced increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability by influencing abscisic acid synthesis and signaling. However, under high salinity stress, seed germination and growth rate of seedlings were decreased. An expression analysis of plants facing salt stress revealed increased transcripts of an ABA biosynthetic gene, NCED3, and ABA signaling genes ABI5 and ABI3. Moreover, the PgTT2 protein showed a direct interaction with PgTTG1 in yeast two-hybrid assays. This study therefore reveals novel information on the transcriptional regulation of PA production in ginseng and shows how PgTT2 influences the ABA response pathway to regulate responses to ROS and salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Charles Simiyu
- Department of Applied Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Botany Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35091, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Unenzaya Bayaraa
- Department of Applied Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hoon Jang
- Department of Applied Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Ran Lee
- Department of Applied Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Institute of Synthetic Biology for Carbon Neutralization, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Symonds K, Smith MA, Esme O, Plaxton WC, Snedden WA. Characterization of Arabidopsis aldolases AtFBA4, AtFBA5, and their inhibition by morin and interaction with calmodulin. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1864-1876. [PMID: 38997224 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Fructose bisphosphate aldolases (FBAs) catalyze the reversible cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. We analyzed two previously uncharacterized cytosolic Arabidopsis FBAs, AtFBA4 and AtFBA5. Based on a recent report, we examined the interaction of AtFBA4 with calmodulin (CaM)-like protein 11 (AtCML11). AtFBA4 did not bind AtCML11; however, we found that CaM bound AtFBA5 in a Ca2+-dependent manner with high specificity and affinity (KD ~ 190 nm) and enhanced its stability. AtFBA4 and AtFBA5 exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics with Km and Vmax values of 180 μm and 4.9 U·mg-1 for AtFBA4, and 6.0 μm and 0.30 U·mg-1 for AtFBA5, respectively. The flavonoid morin inhibited both isozymes. Our study suggests that Ca2+ signaling and flavanols may influence plant glycolysis/gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Symonds
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Milena A Smith
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Oona Esme
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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Zhang C, Sha Y, Wang Q, Liu J, Zhang P, Cheng S, Qin P. Integrative metabolome and transcriptome profiling provide insights into elucidation of the synthetic mechanisms of phenolic compounds in Yunnan hulled wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. yunnanense King). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:4109-4127. [PMID: 38308467 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yunnan hulled wheat grains (YHWs) have abundant phenolic compounds (PCs). However, a systematic elucidation of the phenolic characteristics and molecular basis in YHWs is currently lacking. The aim of the study, for the first time, was to conduct metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of YHWs at different developmental stages. RESULTS A total of five phenolic metabolite classes (phenolic acids, flavonoids, quinones, lignans and coumarins, and tannins) and 361 PCs were identified, with flavonoids and phenolic acids being the most abundant components. The relative abundance of the identified PCs showed a dynamic decreasing pattern with grain development, and the most significant differences in accumulation were between the enlargement and mature stage, which is consistent with the gene regulation patterns of the corresponding phenolic biosynthesis pathway. Through co-expression and co-network analysis, PAL, HCT, CCR, F3H, CHS, CHI and bZIP were identified and predicted as candidate key enzymes and transcription factors. CONCLUSION The results broaden our understanding of PC accumulation in wheat whole grains, especially the differential transfer between immature and mature grains. The identified PCs and potential regulatory factors provide important information for future in-depth research on the biosynthesis of PCs and the improvement of wheat nutritional quality. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanli Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yun Sha
- Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Lincang, Lincang, China
| | - Qianchao Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Junna Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shunhe Cheng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Jiangshu Lixiahe Institue of Agriculture Science, Yangzhou, China
| | - Peng Qin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Xiao J, He M, Chen P, Li M, Liu J, Li Y, Lu W, Jiang C, Liu D, Quzha K, Zheng Y. Proanthocyanidins delay the senescence of young asparagus stems by regulating antioxidant capacity and synthesis of phytochemicals. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101222. [PMID: 38389577 PMCID: PMC10881539 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Asparagus, characterized by its high metabolic rate, is susceptible to quality degradation. Proanthocyanidins have antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and other biological functions and can inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species in plants. To enhance the shelf life of asparagus, we investigated the impact of various concentrations of proanthocyanidins on its cold storage and preservation. The findings revealed that proanthocyanidins effectively mitigated water loss, delayed chlorophyll degradation, and prevented firmness decline. Furthermore, they enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase), bolstered DPPH free radical scavenging ability, and increased the levels of total phenol, total flavone, rutin, oligomeric procyanidins, proline, and soluble protein. Moreover, proanthocyanidins promoted the accumulation of vitamin C, amino acids, total saponins, and lignin in the later storage stage, contributing to increased mechanical tissue thickness. These results suggest that proanthocyanidins play a crucial role in retarding the deterioration of asparagus quality during storage by affecting the antioxidant capacity and phytochemical (polyphenol,amino acid, total saponin, and lignin) synthesis in asparagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachang Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Maolin He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Peiran Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junting Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanwen Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei Lu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengyao Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dingsong Liu
- Education, Technology and Sports Bureau of Enyang District, Bazhong 636063, China
| | - Konggar Quzha
- Jiangzi County Rilang Township Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Comprehensive Service Center, Shigatse 857400, China
| | - Yangxia Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Dai G, Liu Y, Shen W, Zhu B, Chen L, Chen D, Tan C. Molecular evolution analysis of MYB5 in Brassicaceae with specific focus on seed coat color of Brassica napus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:52. [PMID: 38229007 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MYB transcription factors are splay a vital role in plant biology, with previous research highlighting the significant impact of the R2R3-MYB-like transcription factor MYB5 on seed mucilage biosynthesis, trichome branching, and seed coat development. However, there is a dearth of studies investigating its role in the regulation of proanthocyanidin (PA) biosynthesis. RESULTS In this study, a total of 51 MYB5 homologous genes were identified across 31 species belonging to the Brassicaceae family, with particular emphasis on Brassica napus for subsequent investigation. Through phylogenetic analysis, these genes were categorized into four distinct subclasses. Protein sequence similarity and identity analysis demonstrated a high degree of conservation of MYB5 among species within the Brassicaceae family. Additionally, the examination of selection pressure revealed that MYB5 predominantly underwent purifying selection during its evolutionary history, as indicated by the Ka/Ks values of all MYB5 homologous gene pairs being less than one. Notably, we observed a higher rate of non-synonymous mutations in orthologous genes compared to paralogous genes, and the Ka/Ks value displayed a stronger correlation with Ka. In B. napus, an examination of expression patterns in five tissues revealed that MYB5 exhibited particularly high expression in the black seed coat. The findings from the WGCNA demonstrated a robust correlation between MYB5 and BAN(ANR) associated with PA biosynthesis in the black seed coat, providing further evidence of their close association and co-expression. Furthermore, the results obtained from of the analysis of protein interaction networks offer supplementary support for the proposition that MYB5 possesses the capability to interact with transcriptional regulatory proteins, specifically TT8 and TT2, alongside catalytic enzymes implicated in the synthesis of PAs, thereby making a contribution to the biosynthesis of PAs. These findings imply a plausible and significant correlation between the nuique expression pattern of MYB5 and the pigmentation of rapeseed coats. Nevertheless, additional research endeavors are imperative to authenticate and substantiate these findings. CONCLUSIONS This study offers valuable insights into the genetic evolution of Brassicaceae plants, thereby serving as a significant reference for the genetic enhancement of Brassicaceae seed coat color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Wenjie Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Lunlin Chen
- Nanchang Branch of National Center of Oilcrops Improvement, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oil Crops Biology, Crops Research Institute of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China.
| | - Daozong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Chen Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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Cheng H, Cai S, Hao M, Cai Y, Wen Y, Huang W, Mei D, Hu Q. Targeted mutagenesis of BnTTG1 homologues generated yellow-seeded rapeseed with increased oil content and seed germination under abiotic stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108302. [PMID: 38171134 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Yellow seed is one desirable trait with great potential to improve seed oil quality and yield. The present study surveys the redundant role of BnTTG1 genes in the proanthocyanidins (PA) biosynthesis, oil content and abiotic stress resistance. Stable yellow seed mutants were generated after mutating BnTTG1 by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. Yellow seed phenotype could be obtained only when both functional homologues of BnTTG1 were simultaneously knocked out. Homozygous mutants of BnTTG1 homologues showed decreased thickness and PA accumulation in seed coat. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analysis indicated that BnTTG1 mutation inhibited the expression of genes involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways. Increased seed oil content and alteration of fatty acid (FA) composition were observed in homozygous mutants of BnTTG1 with enriched expression of genes involved in FA biosynthesis pathway. In addition, target mutation of BnTTG1 accelerated seed germination rate under salt and cold stresses. Enhanced seed germination capacity in BnTTG1 mutants was correlated with the change of expression level of ABA responsive genes. Overall, this study elucidated the redundant role of BnTTG1 in regulating seed coat color and established an efficient approach for generating yellow-seeded oilseed rape genetic resources with increase oil content, modified FA composition and resistance to multiple abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Cheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Shengli Cai
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Mengyu Hao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Yating Cai
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Yunfei Wen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Desheng Mei
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Qiong Hu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
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Tiozon RJN, Sreenivasulu N, Alseekh S, Sartagoda KJD, Usadel B, Fernie AR. Metabolomics and machine learning technique revealed that germination enhances the multi-nutritional properties of pigmented rice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1000. [PMID: 37783812 PMCID: PMC10545681 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancing the dietary properties of rice is crucial to contribute to alleviating hidden hunger and non-communicable diseases in rice-consuming countries. Germination is a bioprocessing approach to increase the bioavailability of nutrients in rice. However, there is a scarce information on how germination impacts the overall nutritional profile of pigmented rice sprouts (PRS). Herein, we demonstrated that germination resulted to increase levels of certain dietary compounds, such as free phenolics and micronutrients (Ca, Na, Fe, Zn, riboflavin, and biotin). Metabolomic analysis revealed the preferential accumulation of dipeptides, GABA, and flavonoids in the germination process. Genome-wide association studies of the PRS suggested the activation of specific genes such as CHS1 and UGT genes responsible for increasing certain flavonoid compounds. Haplotype analyses showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) between alleles associated with these genes. Genetic markers associated with these flavonoids were incorporated into the random forest model, improving the accuracy of prediction of multi-nutritional properties from 89.7% to 97.7%. Deploying this knowledge to breed rice with multi-nutritional properties will be timely to address double burden nutritional challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhowell Jr N Tiozon
- Consumer-driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Center, Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, 4030, Philippines
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Consumer-driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Center, Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, 4030, Philippines
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Kristel June D Sartagoda
- Consumer-driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Center, Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, 4030, Philippines
| | - Björn Usadel
- IBG-4 Bioinformatics Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Huang Y, Mei G, Cao D, Qin Y, Yang L, Ruan X. Spermidine enhances heat tolerance of rice seeds during mid-filling stage and promote subsequent seed germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1230331. [PMID: 37790791 PMCID: PMC10543890 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1230331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Heat stress is a vital factor which restricts rice seed quality and yield. However, the response mechanism to heat stress in the mid filling stage of rice seed is unclear. Methods In the present study we integrated phenotypic analysis with biochemical, hormone, and gene expression analysis in order to explore technologies for improving rice seeds heat tolerance and subsequent seed germination. Results Spermidine (Spd) application effectively alleviated the damage of heat stress treatment during mid-filling stage (HTM, 12-20 days after pollination) on seed development, promoted subsequent seed germination and seedlings establishment. Spd significantly increased seed dry weight, starch and amylose contents during seed development under heat stress, and improved seed germinate, seedlings establishment and seedling characteristics during germination time. Biochemical analysis indicated that, HTM significantly decreased the activities of several starch synthase enzymes and led to a decrease in starch content. While Spd treatment significantly enhanced the activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylas and granule-bound starch synthase, as well as the corresponding-genes expressions in HTM rice seeds, resulting in the increases of amylose and total starch contents. In addition, Spd significantly increased the catalase and glutathione reductase activities together with corresponding-genes expressions, and lowered the overaccumulation of H2O2 and malondialdehyde in HTM seeds. In the subsequent seed germination process, HTM+Spd seeds exhibited dramatically up-regulated levels of soluble sugars, glucose, ATP and energy charges. Consistently, HTM+Spd seeds showed significantly increased of α-amylose and α-glucosidase activities as well as corresponding-genes expressions during early germination. Moreover, HTM evidently increased the abscisic acid (ABA) content, decreased the gibberellin (GA) content, and accordingly significantly declined the GA/ABA ratio during early rice seeds germination. However, Spd treatment did not significantly affect the metabolism of GA and ABA in seed germination stage. Discussion The present study suggested that Spd treatment could effectively alleviate the negative impact of HTM on seed development and the subsequent seed germination, which might be closely correlated with starch synthesis and antioxidant defense during seed filling period, starch decomposition and energy supply in seed germination period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Huang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gaofu Mei
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Cao
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yebo Qin
- Zhejiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Zhejiang Nongke Seed Co.Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Ruan
- Zhejiang Nongke Seed Co.Ltd, Hangzhou, China
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Balarynová J, Klčová B, Tarkowská D, Turečková V, Trněný O, Špundová M, Ochatt S, Smýkal P. Domestication has altered the ABA and gibberellin profiles in developing pea seeds. PLANTA 2023; 258:25. [PMID: 37351659 PMCID: PMC10290032 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION We showed that wild pea seeds contained a more diverse combination of bioactive GAs and had higher ABA content than domesticated peas. Although the role of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) interplay has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis and cereals models, comparatively little is known about the effect of domestication on the level of phytohormones in legume seeds. In legumes, as in other crops, seed dormancy has been largely or entirely removed during domestication. In this study, we have measured the endogenous levels of ABA and GAs comparatively between wild and domesticated pea seeds during their development. We have shown that wild seeds contained more ABA than domesticated ones, which could be important for preparing the seeds for the period of dormancy. ABA was catabolised particularly by an 8´-hydroxylation pathway, and dihydrophaseic acid was the main catabolite in seed coats as well as embryos. Besides, the seed coats of wild and pigmented cultivated genotypes were characterised by a broader spectrum of bioactive GAs compared to non-pigmented domesticated seeds. GAs in both seed coat and embryo were synthesized mainly by a 13-hydroxylation pathway, with GA29 being the most abundant in the seed coat and GA20 in the embryos. Measuring seed water content and water loss indicated domesticated pea seeds´ desiccation was slower than that of wild pea seeds. Altogether, we showed that pea domestication led to a change in bioactive GA composition and a lower ABA content during seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Balarynová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Klčová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Trněný
- Agriculture Research Ltd., 664 41, Troubsko, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Špundová
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sergio Ochatt
- Agroécologie, InstitutAgro Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Petr Smýkal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Lin Y, Wang C, Cao S, Sun Z, Zhang Y, Li M, He W, Wang Y, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Wang X, Luo Y, Tang H. Proanthocyanidins Delay Fruit Coloring and Softening by Repressing Related Gene Expression during Strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043139. [PMID: 36834547 PMCID: PMC9962922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs), also known as condensed tannins, are widespread throughout the plant kingdom, presenting diverse biological and biochemical activities. Being one of the most abundant groups of natural polyphenolic antioxidant, PAs are applied to improve plant tolerance to (a)biotic stresses and delay the senescence of fruit by scavenging the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhancing antioxidant responses. The effects of PAs on coloring and softening of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.), a worldwide demanded edible fruit and typical material for studying non-climacteric fruit ripening, were firstly assessed in this work. The results showed that exogenous PAs delayed the decrease in fruit firmness and anthocyanins accumulation but improved the fruit skin brightness. Strawberries treated with PAs had similar total soluble solids, total phenolics, and total flavonoids, but lower titratable acidity content. Moreover, the contents of endogenous PAs, abscisic acid and sucrose, were somehow increased by PA treatment, while no obvious change was found in fructose and glucose content. In addition, the anthocyanin- and firmness-related genes were significantly repressed, while the PA biosynthetic gene (anthocyanin reductase, ANR) was highly up-regulated by PA treatment at the key point for fruit softening and coloring. In summary, the results presented in this study suggest that PAs slow down strawberry coloration and softening by inhibiting the expression of related genes, which could be helpful for a better understanding of the biological role of PAs and provide a new strategy to regulate strawberry ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiu Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuaipeng Cao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ziqing Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wen He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (H.T.)
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (H.T.)
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11
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Chen YY, Lu HQ, Jiang KX, Wang YR, Wang YP, Jiang JJ. The Flavonoid Biosynthesis and Regulation in Brassica napus: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010357. [PMID: 36613800 PMCID: PMC9820570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica napus is an important crop for edible oil, vegetables, biofuel, and animal food. It is also an ornamental crop for its various petal colors. Flavonoids are a group of secondary metabolites with antioxidant activities and medicinal values, and are important to plant pigmentation, disease resistance, and abiotic stress responses. The yellow seed coat, purple leaf and inflorescence, and colorful petals of B. napus have been bred for improved nutritional value, tourism and city ornamentation. The putative loci and genes regulating flavonoid biosynthesis in B. napus have been identified using germplasms with various seed, petal, leaf, and stem colors, or different flavonoid contents under stress conditions. This review introduces the advances of flavonoid profiling, biosynthesis, and regulation during development and stress responses of B. napus, and hopes to help with the breeding of B. napus with better quality, ornamental value, and stress resistances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hai-Qin Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yi-Ran Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - You-Ping Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jin-Jin Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
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12
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Ramtekey V, Cherukuri S, Kumar S, V. SK, Sheoran S, K. UB, K. BN, Kumar S, Singh AN, Singh HV. Seed Longevity in Legumes: Deeper Insights Into Mechanisms and Molecular Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:918206. [PMID: 35968115 PMCID: PMC9364935 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.918206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural production largely depends upon the viability and longevity of high-quality seeds during storage. Legumes are considered as rich source of dietary protein that helps to ensure nutritional security, but associated with poor seed longevity that hinders their performance and productivity in farmer's fields. Seed longevity is the key determinant to assure proper seed plant value and crop yield. Thus, maintenance of seed longevity during storage is of prime concern and a pre-requisite for enhancing crop productivity of legumes. Seed longevity is significantly correlated with other seed quality parameters such as germination, vigor, viability and seed coat permeability that affect crop growth and development, consequently distressing crop yield. Therefore, information on genetic basis and regulatory networks associated with seed longevity, as well as molecular dissection of traits linked to longevity could help in developing crop varieties with good storability. Keeping this in view, the present review focuses towards highlighting the molecular basis of seed longevity, with special emphasis on candidate genes and proteins associated with seed longevity and their interplay with other quality parameters. Further, an attempt was made to provide information on 3D structures of various genetic loci (genes/proteins) associated to seed longevity that could facilitate in understanding the interactions taking place within the seed at molecular level. This review compiles and provides information on genetic and genomic approaches for the identification of molecular pathways and key players involved in the maintenance of seed longevity in legumes, in a holistic manner. Finally, a hypothetical fast-forward breeding pipeline has been provided, that could assist the breeders to successfully develop varieties with improved seed longevity in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sunil Kumar
- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute-IASRI, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Seema Sheoran
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal, India
| | - Udaya Bhaskar K.
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bhojaraja Naik K.
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Mau, India
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13
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Duan X, Zhang W, Li J, Xu H, Hu J, Zhao L, Ma Y. Comparative metabolomics analysis revealed biomarkers and distinct flavonoid biosynthesis regulation in Chrysanthemum mongolicum and C. rhombifolium. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:373-385. [PMID: 34750870 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chrysanthemums are traditional flowers that originated in China and have high ornamental, economic and medicinal value. They are widely used as herbal remedies and consumed as food or beverages in folk medicine. However, little is known about their metabolic composition. OBJECTIVES The aims of this work were to determine the metabolic composition of and natural variation among different species of Chrysanthemum and to explore new potential resources for drug discovery and sustainable utilisation of wild Chrysanthemum. METHODS The metabolomes of Chrysanthemum mongolicum (Ling) Tzvel. and Chrysanthemum rhombifolium H. Ohashi & Yonek. were compared using a widely targeted metabolomics approach based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS In total, 477 metabolites were identified, of which 72 showed significant differences in expression between C. mongolicum and C. rhombifolium, mainly in flavonoids, organic acids and nucleotides. The flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathway showed significant enrichment among the differentially expressed metabolites. The contents of genkwanin, trigonelline, diosmin, narcissoside, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, linarin, N',N'-p-coumarin, C-hexosyl-tricetin O-pentoside, chrysoeriol, acacetin and kaempferol-3-O-gentiobioside were significantly different between the two species and represent potential biomarkers. CONCLUSION The types of flavonoid-related metabolites in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway differed between C. mongolicum and C. rhombifolium. The mechanisms underlying the unique adaptations of these two species to their environments may involve variations in the composition and abundance of flavonoids, organic acids, and nucleotides. These methods are promising to identify functional compounds in Chrysanthemum species and can provide potential resources for drug discovery and the sustainable utilisation of Chrysanthemum plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Duan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyuan Xu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Hu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Yangling, China
| | - Yueping Ma
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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14
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Zhang S, Sheng H, Ma Y, Wei Y, Liu D, Dou Y, Cui H, Liang B, Liesche J, Li J, Chen S. Mutation of CESA1 phosphorylation site influences pectin synthesis and methylesterification with a role in seed development. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 270:153631. [PMID: 35180541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall biogenesis is required for the production of seeds of higher plants. However, little is known about regulatory mechanisms underlying cell wall biogenesis during seed formation. Here we show a role for the phosphorylation of Arabidopsis cellulose synthase 1 (AtCESA1) in modulating pectin synthesis and methylesterification in seed coat mucilage. A phosphor-null mutant of AtCESA1 on T166 (AtCESA1T166A) was constructed and introduced into a null mutant of AtCESA1 (Atcesa1-1). The resulting transgenic lines showed a slight but significant decrease in cellulose contents in mature seeds. Defects in cellulosic ray architecture along with reduced levels of non-adherent and adherent mucilage were observed on the seeds of the AtCESA1T166A mutant. Reduced mucilage pectin synthesis was also reflected by a decrease in the level of uronic acid. Meanwhile, an increase in the degree of pectin methylesterification was also observed in the seed coat mucilage of AtCESA1T166A mutant. Change in seed development was further reflected by a delayed germination and about 50% increase in the accumulation of proanthocyanidins, which is known to bind pectin and inhibit seed germination as revealed by previous studies. Taken together, the results suggest a role of AtCESA1 phosphorylation on T166 in modulating mucilage pectin synthesis and methylesterification as well as cellulose synthesis with a role in seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxi Zhang
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Huachun Sheng
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yanping Wei
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yanhua Dou
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Huiying Cui
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Boyou Liang
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Johannes Liesche
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jisheng Li
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shaolin Chen
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid Lands, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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15
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Wu J, Gao T, Zhao L, Bao H, Yu C, Hu J, Ma F. Investigating Phragmites australis response to copper exposure using physiologic, Fourier Transform Infrared and metabolomic approaches. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:365-381. [PMID: 35290177 DOI: 10.1071/fp21258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud is a landscape plant with resistance to heavy metals that has significance in phytoremediation. However, little is known about the metabolomic background of the heavy metal resistance mechanisms of Phragmites . We studied copper stress on Phragmites and monitored physiological indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage (EL). In addition, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) was used to study the related chemical composition in the roots, stems, and leaves under copper stress. Furthermore, LC-MS technology was used to analyse the plants metabolic profile. Results showed that increased copper concentration in Phragmites led to the accumulation of MDA and EL. FTIR spectrum detected the presence of O-H and C=O stretching. O-H stretching was related to the presence of flavonoids, while C=O stretching reflected the presence of protein amide I. The latter was related to the change of amino acid composition. Both flavonoids and amino acids are regarded as contributors to the antioxidant of Phragmites under copper stress. Metabolomics analysis revealed that arginine and ayarin were accumulated and Phragmites leaves responded to copper stress with changes in the pool size of arginine and ayarin. It is speculated that they could improve resistance. Arginine is accumulated through two pathways: the citrulline decomposition and conversion pathway; and the circular pathway composed of ornithine, citrulline, l -argininosuccinate and arginine. Ayarin is synthesised through the quercetin methylation pathway. This study elucidates the antioxidant mechanisms for enhancing its resistance to heavy metal stress, thus improving of phytoremediation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieting Wu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Gao
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxu Bao
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Yu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Hu
- Dalian Neusoft University of Information, Dalian 116032, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
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Cai S, Wu L, Wang G, Liu J, Song J, Xu H, Luo J, Shen Y, Shen S. DA-6 improves sunflower seed vigor under Al 3+ stress by regulating Al 3+ balance and ethylene metabolic. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 229:113048. [PMID: 34883324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al3+) stress restricts plant seed germination and seedling growth seriously. Here, the sunflower "S175″ variety was used to explore the technique of improving seed vigor under Al3+ stress and investigate the effect of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) on physiological characteristics in sunflower seeds during germination under Al3+ stress. The results showed that 3.0 mmol·L-1 Al3+ treatment significantly suppressed the sunflower seed germination and seedling growth. Al3+ stress significantly increased Al3+ content and secretion rates of citric and malic acids in sunflower seeds during germination. Besides, endogenous ethylene content was increased in Al3+-treated seeds. DA-6 serves as a positive signal to regulate the sunflower seed germination under Al3+ stress. Moreover, DA-6 enhanced the activities of malic dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase, up-regulated the expressions of organic acid transport-related genes (ALMT and MATE), resulting in reduced accumulation of Al3+. Furthermore, exogenous DA-6 mitigated excessive accumulation of ethylene by decreasing the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-dihydrodipicolinate synthase activity and related-gene expression. However, DA-6 treatment had no effect on abscisic acid or gibberellin metabolism in sunflower seeds under Al3+ stress. These results confirmed that DA-6 application enhanced the germination capacity through induction of the synthesis and transport of malic and citric acids, and suppression of the excessive accumulation of endogenous ethylene, thus contributing to alleviate Al3+ toxicity in sunflower seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Cai
- School of Architectural Engineering, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, Qunxianzhong Road 2799, Shaoxing 312000, China.
| | - Liyuan Wu
- School of Architectural Engineering, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, Qunxianzhong Road 2799, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Guofu Wang
- School of Architectural Engineering, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, Qunxianzhong Road 2799, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- School of Architectural Engineering, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, Qunxianzhong Road 2799, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- School of Architectural Engineering, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, Qunxianzhong Road 2799, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Hua Xu
- School of Architectural Engineering, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, Qunxianzhong Road 2799, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Architectural Engineering, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, Qunxianzhong Road 2799, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Yi Shen
- School of Architectural Engineering, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, Qunxianzhong Road 2799, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Shuyu Shen
- School of Architectural Engineering, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, Qunxianzhong Road 2799, Shaoxing 312000, China
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Wang L, Chandrasekaran U, Luo X, Wei S, Shu K. Parental Shading Regulates Subsequent Seed Germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:748760. [PMID: 34819940 PMCID: PMC8606882 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.748760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Xiaofeng Luo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaowei Wei
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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Integrated Analysis of the Metabolome and Transcriptome on Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Four Developmental Stages of Cerasus humilis Peel Coloration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111880. [PMID: 34769311 PMCID: PMC8585068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerasus humilis is a unique dwarf shrub and fruit color is an important trait in the species. In this study, we evaluated the transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of the plant at different developmental stages to elucidate the mechanism underlying color formation. In a metabolomics analysis, 16 anthocyanin components were identified at four developmental stages, and high levels of cyanidin O-syringic acid and pelargonidin 3-O-beta-d-glucoside (callitephin chloride) were correlated with the reddening of the fruit peel. A co-expression analysis revealed that ANS and UFGT play key roles in pigmentation (PCC > 0.82). Additionally, transcriptome data showed that most anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and two MYB transcription factors were significantly up-regulated. QRT-PCR results for these differentially expressed genes were generally consistent with the high-throughput sequencing. Moreover, the overexpression of ChMYB1 (TRINITY_DN21536_c0_g1) in apple calli could contribute to the accumulation of anthocyanin. It was also found that UFGT (TRINITY_DN19893_c1_g5) and ChMYB1 (TRINITY_DN21536_c0_g1) have similar expression patterns. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying anthocyanin accumulation and coloration during fruit peel development, providing a basis for the breeding of anthocyanin-rich C. humilis cultivars.
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Huang Y, Cai S, Ruan X, Xu J, Cao D. CSN improves seed vigor of aged sunflower seeds by regulating the fatty acid, glycometabolism, and abscisic acid metabolism. J Adv Res 2021; 33:1-13. [PMID: 34603775 PMCID: PMC8463905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sunflower seeds possess higher oil content than do cereal crop seeds. Storage of sunflower seeds is accompanied by loss of seed vigor and oxidation of storage and membrane lipids. Objectives This study first reported that compound sodium nitrophenolate (CSN), a new plant growth modulator, improved the germination and seedling emergence of aged sunflower seeds. The present study provide a future reference as to the potential applications of CSN and the regulation mechanism of exogenous substances in increasing aged crop seed vigor. Methods Phenotypic analysis was performed to investigate the effect of CSN on germination and seedling emergence from naturally- and artificially-aged sunflower seeds. The biochemical and enzyme activity analysis were conducted to test the CSN-induced effect on glycometabolism, fatty acid and abscisic acid metabolism. Meanwhile, gene expression analysis was carried out to detect the changes in the transcription level of sunflower seeds during early germination period after CSN treatment. Results CSN application significantly increased the germination rate and seedling emergence rate of sunflower seeds under natural and artificial aging. Biochemical analysis indicated that, CSN treatment significantly enhanced the sucrose and fructose contents in aged sunflower seeds during early germination period. Moreover, the contents of several different fatty acids in CSN-treated sunflower seeds also significantly increased. Enzyme activity analysis revealed that CSN treatment remarkably up-regulated the activities of several critical enzymes related to triacylglycerol hydrolysis. Consequently, the transcription levels of the above key enzymes-related synthetic genes were also significantly up-regulated in CSN treatment. Furthermore, CSN treatment significantly decreased abscisic acid (ABA) content through the regulation of the gene expressions and activities of metabolism related-enzymes. Conclusion Taken together, the contribution of CSN to the improvement of aged sunflower seed germination and seedling emergence might be closely related to the fatty acid, glycometabolism, and ABA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Huang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, 310021 Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyu Cai
- School of Architectural Engineering, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, 312000 Shaoxing, China
| | - Xiaoli Ruan
- Zhejiang Nongke Seed Co. Ltd, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Pinhu City, 500 Xinhuabei Road, Pinhu 314200, China
| | - Dongdong Cao
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, 310021 Hangzhou, China
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20
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Proanthocyanidins and Where to Find Them: A Meta-Analytic Approach to Investigate Their Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Distribution, and Effect on Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081229. [PMID: 34439477 PMCID: PMC8389005 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are a class of polyphenolic compounds that are attracting considerable interest in the nutraceutical field due to their potential health benefits. However, knowledge about the chemistry, biosynthesis, and distribution of PACs is limited. This review summarizes the main chemical characteristics and biosynthetic pathways and the main analytical methods aimed at their identification and quantification in raw plant matrices. Furthermore, meta-analytic approaches were used to identify the main plant sources in which PACs were contained and to investigate their potential effect on human health. In particular, a cluster analysis identified PACs in 35 different plant families and 60 different plant parts normally consumed in the human diet. On the other hand, a literature search, coupled with forest plot analyses, highlighted how PACs can be actively involved in both local and systemic effects. Finally, the potential mechanisms of action through which PACs may impact human health were investigated, focusing on their systemic hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects and their local anti-inflammatory actions on the intestinal epithelium. Overall, this review may be considered a complete report in which chemical, biosynthetic, ecological, and pharmacological aspects of PACs are discussed.
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Wang X, Hu H, Li F, Yang B, Komatsu S, Zhou S. Quantitative proteomics reveals dual effects of calcium on radicle protrusion in soybean. J Proteomics 2021; 230:103999. [PMID: 33017647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To reveal calcium-mediated germination in soybean, a gel-free/label-free proteomics was performed in radicle of seed imbibed with CaCl2. Morphological analysis presented promoting and suppressing performance of seed growth under 5 and 50 mM CaCl2, respectively. A total of 106 and 581 proteins were identified in response to 5 and 50 mM CaCl2, respectively. Among 33 proteins, which were simultaneously affected by 5 and 50 mM CaCl2 imbibition, proteins related to protein metabolism, cell, development, and stress showed reversed abundance in response to CaCl2 on dose-dependent manner. Notably, protein abundance of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) 4-5, LEA4, and dehydrin decreased and increased by 5 and 50 mM CaCl2, respectively, consistent with the transcript level. Moreover, inhibited biosynthesis of gibberellic acid repressed growth of 5 mM CaCl2-imbibed soybean, while inhibition of abscisic acid biosynthesis released the suppressing effects of 50 mM CaCl2. Taken together, these results suggest that decreased or increased protein abundance of LEA4-5, LEA4, and dehydrin might determine promoting or suppressing effects of low or high level of calcium on soybean through enhancing seed sensitivity to gibberellic acid or abscisic acid during radicle protrusion. SIGNIFICANCE: Calcium serves as a versatile signal in plant growth; however, calcium-mediated germination on dose-dependent manner remains elusive. In this study, dual effects of calcium on radicle protrusion in soybean were investigated using proteomic approach. Radicle growth of germinating seed was improved by 5 mM CaCl2; however, it was retarded by 50 mM CaCl2. Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) 4-5, LEA4, and dehydrin displayed converse profiles in response to low and high concentrations of CaCl2 at both protein abundance and gene expression level. Inhibited biosynthesis of gibberellic acid (GA) significantly impeded radicle protrusion in presence of low concentration of CaCl2, while inhibiting of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis released suppression induced by high concentration of CaCl2. These findings suggest that LEA proteins are associated with calcium-mediated radicle protrusion on dose-dependent manner, and seed sensitivity to GA and ABA might determine promoting and suppressing effects of calcium on radicle protrusion in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Han Hu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bingxian Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
| | - Shunli Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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22
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Zhao L, Song Z, Wang B, Gao Y, Shi J, Sui X, Chen X, Zhang Y, Li Y. R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor NtMYB330 Regulates Proanthocyanidin Biosynthesis and Seed Germination in Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:819247. [PMID: 35111187 PMCID: PMC8801704 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.819247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are important phenolic compounds and PA biosynthesis is regulated by a ternary MBW complex consisting of a R2R3-MYB regulator, a bHLH factor and a WDR protein. In this study, a tobacco R2R3-MYB factor NtMYB330 was characterized as the PA-specific regulator in which the PA biosynthesis was promoted in the flowers of NtMYB330-overexpressing lines while decreased in the flowers of ntmyb330 mutants. NtMYB330 can interact with flavonoid-related bHLH partner NtAn1b and WDR protein NtAn11-1, and the NtMYB330-NtAn1b complex is required to achieve strong transcriptional activation of the PA-related structural genes NtDFR1, NtANS1, NtLAR1 and NtANR1. Our data reveal that NtMYB330 regulates PA biosynthesis in seeds and affects seed germination, in which NtMYB330-overexpressing lines showed higher PA accumulations in seed coats and inhibited germination, while ntmyb330 mutants had reduced seed coat PAs and improved germination. NtMYB330 affects seed germination possibly through two mechanisms: modulating seed coat PAs to affect coat-imposed dormancy. In addition, NtMYB330 regulates the expressions of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin acid (GA) signaling-related genes, affecting ABA-GA crosstalk and seed germination. This study reveals that NtMYB330 specifically regulates PA biosynthesis via formation of the MBW complex in tobacco flowers and affects germination through adjustment of PA concentrations and ABA/GA signaling in tobacco seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Lu Zhao,
| | - Zhongbang Song
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Junli Shi
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xueyi Sui
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yongping Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biotechnological Breeding, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- National Tobacco Genetic Engineering Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- Yongping Li,
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23
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Huang Y, Lu M, Wu H, Zhao T, Wu P, Cao D. High Drying Temperature Accelerates Sunflower Seed Deterioration by Regulating the Fatty Acid Metabolism, Glycometabolism, and Abscisic Acid/Gibberellin Balance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:628251. [PMID: 34122464 PMCID: PMC8193951 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.628251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sunflower seed storage is accompanied by the loss of seed vigor. Seed drying is a key link between seed harvest and seed storage; however, to date, the effect of seed drying on sunflower seed deterioration during storage remains unclear. The present study performed hot air drying for sunflower seeds with an initial moisture content of 30% to examine the manner in which drying temperature (35, 40, 45, 50, and 55°C) affects the drying performance and seed vigor following storage process (6 and 12 months). A drying temperature of 40°C was evidently safe for sunflower seeds, whereas the high drying temperatures (HTD, 45, 50, and 55°C) significantly lowered sunflower seed vigor by regulating the fatty acid metabolism, glycometabolism, and abscisic acid (ABA)/gibberellin (GA) balance. HDT significantly increased the seed damage rate and accelerated sunflower seed deterioration during natural and artificial aging process. Further biochemical analysis indicated that HDT significantly increased lipoxygenase and dioxygenase activities, leading to malonaldehyde and reactive oxygen species over-accumulation during storage. During early seed germination, HDT significantly inhibited fatty acid hydrolysis and glycometabolism by decreasing triacylglycerol lipase, CoA-SH oxidase, and invertase activities. Moreover, HDT remarkably increased ABA levels but reduced GA levels by regulating gene expressions and metabolic enzyme activities during early imbibitions. Cumulatively, the seed drying effect on sunflower seed vigor deterioration during the storage process may be strongly related to fatty acid oxidation and hydrolysis metabolism, toxic substance accumulation, and ABA/GA balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Huang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Lu
- Huzhou Keao Seed Co., Ltd., Huzhou, China
| | - Huaping Wu
- Huzhou Keao Seed Co., Ltd., Huzhou, China
| | | | - Pin Wu
- Huzhou Keao Seed Co., Ltd., Huzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Cao
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Huzhou Keao Seed Co., Ltd., Huzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dongdong Cao,
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24
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Sohail MN, Blomstedt CK, Gleadow RM. Allocation of Resources to Cyanogenic Glucosides Does Not Incur a Growth Sacrifice in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1791. [PMID: 33348715 PMCID: PMC7766812 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In plants, the production of secondary metabolites is considered to be at the expense of primary growth. Sorghum produces a cyanogenic glycoside (dhurrin) that is believed to act as its chemical defence. Studies have shown that acyanogenic plants are smaller in size compared to the wildtype. This study aimed to investigate whether the small plant size is due to delayed germination or due to the lack of dhurrin derived nitrogen. A novel plant system consisting of totally cyanide deficient class 1 (tcd1) and adult cyanide deficient 1 (acdc1) mutant lines was employed. The data for germination, plant height and developmental stage during seedling development and final plant reproductive fitness was recorded. The possible role of phytohormones in recovering the wildtype phenotype, especially in developmentally acyanogenic acdc1 line, was also investigated. The data on plant growth have shown that the lack of dhurrin is disadvantageous to growth, but only at the early developmental stage. The tcd1 plants also took longer to mature probably due to delayed flowering. None of the tested hormones were able to recover the wildtype phenotype. We conclude that the generation of dhurrin is advantageous for plant growth, especially at critical growth stages like germinating seed by providing a ready source of reduced nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad N. Sohail
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (M.N.S.); (C.K.B.)
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Brownlow Hill, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Cecilia K. Blomstedt
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (M.N.S.); (C.K.B.)
| | - Roslyn M. Gleadow
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (M.N.S.); (C.K.B.)
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25
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Zhang J, Qiu X, Tan Q, Xiao Q, Mei S. A Comparative Metabolomics Study of Flavonoids in Radish with Different Skin and Flesh Colors ( Raphanus sativus L .). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14463-14470. [PMID: 33216541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus) is an important worldwide vegetable with a wide variety of colors that affect its appearance and nutritional quality. However, the large-scale detection, identification, and quantification of flavonoids in multicolor radish have rarely been studied. To uncover the diversity and accession-specific flavonoids in radish, liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the metabolic profiles in the skin and flesh of six colored radish accessions: light-red Manshenhong, dark-red Touxinhong (TXH), purple Zijinling (ZJL), Xinlimei with red flesh (XLMF) and green skin, white Shizhuangbai (SZB), and black radish. In total, 133 flavonoids, including 16 dihydroflavones, 44 flavones, 14 flavonoids, 9 anthocyanins, and 28 flavonols, were characterized. The flavonoid metabolic profiles differed among the different colored radishes. Red and purple radishes contained similar anthocyanin compounds responsible for color pigmentation, including red cyanidin, callistephin, and pelargonin. Purple ZJL was most enriched with cyanidin o-syringic acid and cyanin, whereas callistephin and pelargonin were more abundant in dark-red TXH. Additionally, the black and white radishes shared similar anthocyanin and flavonoid profiles, suggesting that the color of black radishes was not caused by anthocyanin but by other metabolites. The metabolites in colored radishes that differed from SZB were mainly involved in the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites, such as flavonoid, flavone, flavonol, isoflavonoid, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. This study provides new insights into the differences in metabolite profiles among radishes with different skin and flesh colors. The results will be useful for aiding the cultivation of valuable new radish varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifang Zhang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
- Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojun Qiu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
- Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Qunyun Tan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
- Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Qingming Xiao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
- Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Shiyong Mei
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
- Center for Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
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26
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Wang X, Zhang X, Hou H, Ma X, Sun S, Wang H, Kong L. Metabolomics and gene expression analysis reveal the accumulation patterns of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids in different colored-grain wheats (Triticum aestivum L.). Food Res Int 2020; 138:109711. [PMID: 33292960 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Colored-grain wheats have received increasing attention owing to their high nutritional values. In this study, we compared the metabolomes of four pigmented wheat cultivars with conventional yellow wheat using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)-based metabolomics approach. A total of 711 metabolites were identified, and considerable differences were observed in the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid metabolites among five samples by orthogonal signal correction and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) analysis. These differential metabolites were significantly enriched in the "anthocyanin biosynthesis", "flavones and flavonols biosynthesis", and "flavonoids biosynthesis" pathways. Furthermore, the expression of 9 structural genes and 2 regulatory genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results suggested that blue, red, purple, and black wheat cultivars showed higher transcription levels of structural and regulatory genes in the flavonoid pathway than that of conventional yellow wheat, possibly accounting for the abundant anthocyanin accumulation in the grains of these four cultivars. This study laid a foundation for understanding the accumulation of flavonoids and coloration mechanisms in colored-grain wheats, and provides a theoretical basis for their sufficient utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaocun Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hanxue Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Silong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lingrang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China.
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27
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Profiling of Widely Targeted Metabolomics for the Identification of Secondary Metabolites in Heartwood and Sapwood of the Red-Heart Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia Lanceolata). FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11080897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of secondary metabolites is important for the quality control of wood products. In this study, the widely targeted metabolomics approach was used to analyze the metabolic profiles of heartwood and sapwood in the red-heart Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry system. A total of 224 secondary metabolites were detected in the heartwood and sapwood, and of these, flavonoids and phenolic acids accounted for 36% and 26% of the components, respectively. The main pathways appeared to be differentially activated, including those for the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids. Moreover, we observed highly significant accumulation of naringenin chalcone, dihydrokaempferol, pinocembrin, hesperetin, and other important secondary metabolites in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Our results provide insight into the flavonoid pathway associated with wood color formation in Chinese fir that will be useful for further breeding programs.
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28
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Corso M, Perreau F, Mouille G, Lepiniec L. Specialized phenolic compounds in seeds: structures, functions, and regulations. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 296:110471. [PMID: 32540001 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a huge diversity of specialized metabolites (SM) throughout their life cycle that play important physiological and ecological functions. SM can protect plants and seeds against diseases, predators, and abiotic stresses, or support their interactions with beneficial or symbiotic organisms. They also have strong impacts on human nutrition and health. Despite this importance, the biosynthesis and biological functions of most of the SM remain elusive and their diversity and/or quantity have been reduced in most crops during domestication. Seeds present a large number of SM that are important for their physiological, agronomic, nutritional or industrial qualities and hence, provide interesting models for both studying biosynthesis and producing large amounts of specialized metabolites. For instance, phenolics are abundant and widely distributed in seeds. More specifically, flavonoid pathway has been instrumental for understanding environmental or developmental regulations of specialized metabolic pathways, at the molecular and cellular levels. Here, we summarize current knowledge on seed phenolics as model, and discuss how recent progresses in omics approaches could help to further characterize their diversity, regulations, and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Corso
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78000, Versailles, France.
| | - François Perreau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Grégory Mouille
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Loïc Lepiniec
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 78000, Versailles, France
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29
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Awty‐Carroll D, Hauck B, Clifton‐Brown J, Robson P. Allelopathic and intraspecific growth competition effects establishment of direct sown Miscanthus. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY. BIOENERGY 2020; 12:396-409. [PMID: 32612681 PMCID: PMC7319486 DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High yielding perennial crops are being developed as a sustainable feedstock for renewable energy and bioproducts. Miscanthus is a leading biomass crop, but most plantations comprise a sterile hybrid Miscanthus × giganteus that is clonally propagated. To develop new varieties across large areas, rhizome cloning is inefficient, time consuming and expensive. Alternative approaches use seed, and in temperate regions, this has been successfully applied by raising seedlings as plug plants in glasshouses before transfer to the field. Direct sowing has yet to be proven commercially viable because poor germination has resulted in inconsistent stand establishment. Oversowing using seed clusters is a common approach to improve the establishment of crops and it was hypothesized that such an approach will improve uniformity of density in early Miscanthus stands and thereby improve yield. Sowing multiple seeds creates potential for new interactions, and we identified at least two inhibitory mechanisms related to seed numbers. Germinating seed produced allelopathic effects on nearby seed thereby inhibiting plant growth. The inhibitory effect of Miscanthus seed on germination percentages was related to seed number within clusters. An extract from germinating Miscanthus seed inhibited the germination of Miscanthus seed. The extract was analysed by HPLC, which identified a complex mixture including several known allelopathic compounds including proanthocyanidins and vanillic acid. There was also evidence of root competition in soil in a controlled environment experiment. When the experiment on competition was replicated at field scale, the establishment rates were much lower and there was evidence of shoot competition. We conclude that the numbers of seed required to ensure an acceptable level of establishment in the field may be economically impractical until other agronomic techniques are included either to reduce the inhibitory effects of higher seed numbers or to reduce oversowing rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Awty‐Carroll
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityGogerddanUK
| | - Barbara Hauck
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityGogerddanUK
| | - John Clifton‐Brown
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityGogerddanUK
| | - Paul Robson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityGogerddanUK
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30
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Chen F, Zhou W, Yin H, Luo X, Chen W, Liu X, Wang X, Meng Y, Feng L, Qin Y, Zhang C, Yang F, Yong T, Wang X, Liu J, Du J, Liu W, Yang W, Shu K. Shading of the mother plant during seed development promotes subsequent seed germination in soybean. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2072-2084. [PMID: 31925954 PMCID: PMC7242070 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of shading during seed development on subsequent germination remains largely unknown. In this study, two soybean (Glycine max) seed production systems, monocropping (MC) and maize-soybean intercropping (IC), were employed to examine the effects of shading of the mother plant on subsequent seed germination. Compared to the MC soybean seeds, which received light, the developing IC seeds were exposed to shade resulting from the taller neighboring maize plants. The IC seeds germinated faster than the MC seeds, although there was no significant difference in the thickness of the seed coat. The concentration of soluble pro-anthocyanidin in the IC seed coat was significantly lower than that in the MC seed coat. Changes in the concentrations of several types of fatty acids in IC seeds were also observed, the nature of which were consistent with the effect on germination. The expression levels of genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis were down-regulated in IC seeds, while the transcription levels of the genes related to gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis were up-regulated. This was consistently reflected in decreased ABA concentrations and increased active GA4 concentrations in IC seeds, resulting in an increased GA4/ABA ratio. Our results thus indicated that shading of the mother plant during seed development in soybean promoted subsequent germination by mediating the biosynthesis of pro-anthocyanidins, fatty acids, and phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenguan Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Yin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xingcai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjie Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | | | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Taiwen Yong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junbo Du
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
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Metabolite Profiling of Sorghum Seeds of Different Colors from Different Sweet Sorghum Cultivars Using a Widely Targeted Metabolomics Approach. Int J Genomics 2020; 2020:6247429. [PMID: 32190640 PMCID: PMC7073482 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6247429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world with colorful seeds. To study the diversity and cultivar-specificity of phytochemicals in sweet sorghum seeds, widely targeted metabolomics was used to analyze the metabolic profiles of the white, red, and purple seeds from three sweet sorghum cultivars Z6, Z27, and HC4. We identified 651 metabolites that were divided into 24 categories, including fatty acids, glycerolipids, flavonoids, benzoic acid derivatives, anthocyanins, and nucleotides and its derivatives. Among them, 217 metabolites were selected as significantly differential metabolites which could be related to the seed color by clustering analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal signal correction and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). A significant difference was shown between the red seed and purple seed samples, Z27 and HC4, in which 106 were downregulated and 111 were upregulated. The result indicated that 240 metabolites were significantly different, which could be related to the purple color with 58 metabolites downregulated and 182 metabolites upregulated. And 199 metabolites might be involved in the red phenotype with 54 downregulated and 135 upregulated. There were 45 metabolites that were common to all three cultivars, while cyanidin O-malonyl-malonyl hexoside, cyanidin O-acetylhexoside, and cyanidin 3-O-glucosyl-malonylglucoside were significantly upregulated red seeds, which could be the basis for the variety of seed colors. Generally, our findings provide a comprehensive comparison of the metabolites between the three phenotypes of S. bicolor and an interpretation of phenotypic differences from the point of metabolomics.
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Zhou W, Chen F, Luo X, Dai Y, Yang Y, Zheng C, Yang W, Shu K. A matter of life and death: Molecular, physiological, and environmental regulation of seed longevity. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:293-302. [PMID: 31675441 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Both seed germination and early seedling establishment are important biological processes in a plant's lifecycle. Seed longevity is a key trait in agriculture, which directly influences seed germination and ultimately determines crop productivity and hence food security. Numerous studies have demonstrated that seed deterioration is regulated by complex interactions between diverse endogenous genetically controlled factors and exogenous environmental cues, including temperature, relative humidity, and oxygen partial pressure during seed storage. The endogenous factors, including the chlorophyll concentration, the structure of the seed coat, the balance of phytohormones, the concentration of reactive oxygen species, the integrity of nucleic acids and proteins and their associated repair systems, are also involved in the control of seed longevity. A precise understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying seed longevity is becoming a hot topic in plant molecular biology. In this review, we describe recent research into the regulation of seed longevity and the interactions between the various environmental and genetic factors. Based on this, the current state-of-play regarding seed longevity regulatory networks will be presented, particularly with respect to agricultural seed storage, and the research challenges to be faced in the future will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguan Zhou
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujia Dai
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingzeng Yang
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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Genetic Architecture of Chilling Tolerance in Sorghum Dissected with a Nested Association Mapping Population. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:4045-4057. [PMID: 31611346 PMCID: PMC6893202 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dissecting the genetic architecture of stress tolerance in crops is critical to understand and improve adaptation. In temperate climates, early planting of chilling-tolerant varieties could provide longer growing seasons and drought escape, but chilling tolerance (<15°) is generally lacking in tropical-origin crops. Here we developed a nested association mapping (NAM) population to dissect the genetic architecture of early-season chilling tolerance in the tropical-origin cereal sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench). The NAM resource, developed from reference line BTx623 and three chilling-tolerant Chinese lines, is comprised of 771 recombinant inbred lines genotyped by sequencing at 43,320 single nucleotide polymorphisms. We phenotyped the NAM population for emergence, seedling vigor, and agronomic traits (>75,000 data points from ∼16,000 plots) in multi-environment field trials in Kansas under natural chilling stress (sown 30-45 days early) and normal growing conditions. Joint linkage mapping with early-planted field phenotypes revealed an oligogenic architecture, with 5-10 chilling tolerance loci explaining 20-41% of variation. Surprisingly, several of the major chilling tolerance loci co-localize precisely with the classical grain tannin (Tan1 and Tan2) and dwarfing genes (Dw1 and Dw3) that were under strong directional selection in the US during the 20th century. These findings suggest that chilling sensitivity was inadvertently selected due to coinheritance with desired nontannin and dwarfing alleles. The characterization of genetic architecture with NAM reveals why past chilling tolerance breeding was stymied and provides a path for genomics-enabled breeding of chilling tolerance.
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Furlan CM, Anselmo-Moreira F, Teixeira-Costa L, Ceccantini G, Salminen JP. Does Phoradendron perrottetii (mistletoe) alter polyphenols levels of Tapirira guianensis (host plant)? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 136:222-229. [PMID: 30703634 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the reciprocal effects of Phoradendron perrottetii (mistletoe) and T. guianensis (host plant) regarding their polyphenol composition. Taking into account that tannins are important molecules in plant defense and their biosynthesis tends to be enhanced when a species is exposed to stress, we address the following questions: (1) Are the tannins found in our model species important in the interaction between host and mistletoe? (2) Does the presence of mistletoe induce changes in the content of tannins and other polyphenols in the host plant? (3) Do we find differences between the tannin sub-groups in the responses of the host plant to mistletoe? (4) Could the observed differences reflect the relative importance of one tannin group over another as chemical defense against the mistletoe? Using a polyphenol and tannin group-specific MRM methods we quantified four different tannin sub-groups together with flavonoid and quinic acid derivatives by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry together with the oxidative and protein precipitation activities of leaves and branches of Tapirira guianensis and Phoradendron perrottetii. We selected leaves and branches of six non-parasitized trees of T. guianensis. Leaves and branches of nine individuals of T. guianensis parasitized by P. perrottetii were also sampled. For each parasitized tree, we sampled an infested branch and its leaves, as well as a non-infested branch and its leaves. Infested branches were divided into three groups: gall (the host-parasite interface), proximal, and distal region. Both proanthocyanidins and ellagitanins seem to be important for plant-plant parasitism interaction: host infested tissues (gall and surrounding regions) have clearly less tannin contents than healthy tissues. Mistletoe showed high levels of quinic acid derivatives and flavonoids that could be important during hastorium formation and intrusion on host tissues, suggesting a defense mechanism that could promote oxidative stress together with an inhibition of mistletoe seed germination, consequently avoiding secondary infestations. Polyphenol detected in T. guianensis-P. perrottetii interaction could play different role as plant-mistletoe strategies of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Maria Furlan
- Department of Botany, Institute of Bioscience, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Anselmo-Moreira
- Department of Botany, Institute of Bioscience, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luíza Teixeira-Costa
- Department of Botany, Institute of Bioscience, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gregório Ceccantini
- Department of Botany, Institute of Bioscience, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
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Zhao P, Li X, Jia J, Yuan G, Chen S, Qi D, Cheng L, Liu G. bHLH92 from sheepgrass acts as a negative regulator of anthocyanin/proanthocyandin accumulation and influences seed dormancy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:269-284. [PMID: 30239820 PMCID: PMC6354636 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
LcbHLH92, a pleiotropic gene from sheepgrass, negatively regulates anthocyanins/proanthocyandins and reduces seed dormancy in transgenic Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pincang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of management science and engineering, Hebei University of Economics and Business, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junting Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangxiao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liqin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Gongshe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: or
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36
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Kalinová JP, Vrchotová N, Tříska J. Phenolics levels in different parts of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) achenes. J Cereal Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Souza-Filho PRM, Takaki M. Germination constraints of dicarpic cypselae of Bidens pilosa L. BRAZ J BIOL 2018; 79:383-394. [PMID: 30110080 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.178222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bidens pilosa L. is a heterocarpic weed species with two cypselae types that present morpho-physiological differences, being the peripheral type smaller and slower to germinate than the central one. We aimed to verify how the germination mechanism varied between types. We focused on two mechanisms: (1) pericarp constraints (physical and chemical) and (2) hormonal stimulation (Abcisic acid [ABA] and Gibberellin [GA]). Both cypselae types are physically constrained by the pericarp, for when it is excised both seed types increase their germination, but behavioral differences still remain. The pericarp of the peripheral type also has chemical inhibitors that effectively inhibited germination of the intact central cypsela. To test the hormonal effects, we focused on the ABA:GA control. Both cypselae responded to an exogenous ABA concentration gradient, however there is no variation between types on the sensitivity to it. Also, both cypselae types were indifferent to Fluridone (ABA inhibitor), which indicates that the dormancy is not maintained by de novo ABA synthesis. Cypselae types had different sensitivity to an exogenous GA3 gradient, the central type being more sensitive to the treatment than the peripheral one. But when the endogenous GA synthesis was blocked by Paclobutrazol, both types responded equally to same GA3 concentrations. This indicates that endogenous GA synthesis may be related to differences observed on germination of cypselae types. To conclude, seed types differ on their growth potential to overcome the pericarp resistance: while the inhibitor in the peripheral pericarp reduces growth potential, GA increases it.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R M Souza-Filho
- Centro Multidisciplinar da Barra, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia - UFOB, Avenida 23 de Agosto, s/n, CEP 47100-000, Barra, BA, Brasil
| | - M Takaki
- Laboratório de Fotomorfogênese de Plantas, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Avenida 24-A, 1515, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
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38
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Gao Y, Liu J, Chen Y, Tang H, Wang Y, He Y, Ou Y, Sun X, Wang S, Yao Y. Tomato SlAN11 regulates flavonoid biosynthesis and seed dormancy by interaction with bHLH proteins but not with MYB proteins. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:27. [PMID: 29872532 PMCID: PMC5981465 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The flavonoid compounds are important secondary metabolites with versatile human nutritive benefits and fulfill a multitude of functions during plant growth and development. The abundance of different flavonoid compounds are finely tuned with species-specific pattern by a ternary MBW complex, which consists of a MYB, a bHLH, and a WD40 protein, but the essential role of SlAN11, which is a WD40 protein, is not fully understood in tomato until now. In this study, a tomato WD40 protein named as SlAN11 was characterized as an effective transcription regulator to promote plant anthocyanin and seed proanthocyanidin (PA) contents, with late flavonoid biosynthetic genes activated in 35S::SlAN11 transgenic lines, while the dihydroflavonol flow to the accumulation of flavonols or their glycosylated derivatives was reduced by repressing the expression of SlFLS in this SlAN11-overexpressed lines. The above changes were reversed in 35S::SlAN11-RNAi transgenic lines except remained levels of flavonol compounds and SlFLS expression. Interestingly, our data revealed that SlAN11 gene could affect seed dormancy by regulating the expressions of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling-related genes SlABI3 and SlABI5, and the sensitivity to ABA treatment in seed germination is conversely changed by SlAN11-overexpressed or -downregulated lines. Yeast two-hybrid assays demonstrated that SlAN11 interacted with bHLH but not with MYB proteins in the ternary MBW complex, whereas bHLH interacted with MYB in tomato. Our results indicated that low level of anthocyanins in tomato fruits, with low expression of bHLH (SlTT8) and MYB (SlANT1 and SlAN2) genes, remain unchanged upon modification of SlAN11 gene alone in the transgenic lines. These results suggest that the tomato WD40 protein SlAN11, coordinating with bHLH and MYB proteins, plays a crucial role in the fine adjustment of the flavonoid biosynthesis and seed dormancy in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Gao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010 China
| | - Jikai Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010 China
| | - Yongfu Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010 China
| | - Hai Tang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010 China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010 China
| | - Yongmei He
- Yunnan Engineering Laboratory for Agro-environment Pollution Control and Eco-remediation, The Innovation Team for Farmland Non-pollution Production of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Yongbin Ou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010 China
| | - Xiaochun Sun
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046 China
| | - Songhu Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yinan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010 China
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Shah FA, Ni J, Chen J, Wang Q, Liu W, Chen X, Tang C, Fu S, Wu L. Proanthocyanidins in seed coat tegmen and endospermic cap inhibit seed germination in Sapium sebiferum. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4690. [PMID: 29713566 PMCID: PMC5924686 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sapium sebiferum, an ornamental and bio-energetic plant, is propagated by seed. Its seed coat contains germination inhibitors and takes a long time to stratify for germination. In this study, we discovered that the S. sebiferum seed coat (especially the tegmen) and endospermic cap (ESC) contained high levels of proanthocyanidins (PAs). Seed coat and ESC removal induced seed germination, whereas exogenous application with seed coat extract (SCE) or PAs significantly inhibited this process, suggesting that PAs in the seed coat played a major role in regulating seed germination in S. sebiferum. We further investigated how SCE affected the expression of the seed-germination-related genes. The results showed that treatment with SCE upregulated the transcription level of the dormancy-related gene, gibberellins (GAs) suppressing genes, abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signalling genes. SCE decreased the transcript levels of ABA catabolic genes, GAs biosynthesis genes, reactive oxygen species genes and nitrates-signalling genes. Exogenous application of nordihydroguaiaretic acid, gibberellic acid, hydrogen peroxide and potassium nitrate recovered seed germination in seed-coat-extract supplemented medium. In this study, we highlighted the role of PAs, and their interactions with the other germination regulators, in the regulation of seed dormancy in S. sebiferum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Afzal Shah
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiaojian Wang
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Caiguo Tang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Songling Fu
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
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40
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Xiong W, Ye T, Yao X, Liu X, Ma S, Chen X, Chen ML, Feng YQ, Wu Y. The dioxygenase GIM2 functions in seed germination by altering gibberellin production in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:276-291. [PMID: 29205921 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormones gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) antagonistically control seed germination. High levels of GA favor seed germination, whereas high levels of ABA hinder this process. The direct relationship between GA biosynthesis and seed germination ability need further investigation. Here, we identified the ABA-insensitive gain-of-function mutant germination insensitive to ABA mutant 2 (gim2) by screening a population of XVE T-DNA-tagged mutant lines. Based on two loss-of-function gim2-ko mutant lines, the disruption of GIM2 function caused a delay in seed germination. By contrast, upregulation of GIM2 accelerated seed germination, as observed in transgenic lines overexpressing GIM2 (OE). We detected a reduction in endogenous bioactive GA levels and an increase in endogenous ABA levels in the gim2-ko mutants compared to wild type. Conversely, the OE lines had increased endogenous bioactive GA levels and decreased endogenous ABA levels. The expression levels of a set of GA- and/or ABA-related genes were altered in both the gim2-ko mutants and the OE lines. We confirmed that GIM2 has dioxygenase activity using an in vitro enzyme assay, observing that GIM2 can oxidize GA12 . Hence, our characterization of GIM2 demonstrates that it plays a role in seed germination by affecting the GA metabolic pathway in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tiantian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Sheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ming-Luan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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41
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Wang A, Li R, Ren L, Gao X, Zhang Y, Ma Z, Ma D, Luo Y. A comparative metabolomics study of flavonoids in sweet potato with different flesh colors (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam). Food Chem 2018; 260:124-134. [PMID: 29699652 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To study the diversity and cultivar-specific of phytochemicals in sweet potato, Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry was used to analyze the metabolic profiles of five sweet potato cultivars exhibiting different flesh colors: purple, yellow/orange, and white. A total of 213 metabolites, including 29 flavonoids and 27 phenolic acids, were characterized. The flavonoid profiles of the five different cultivars were distinguished using PCA, the results suggested the flesh color accounted for the observed metabolic differences. In addition to anthocyanins, quinic acids and ferulic acids were the prominent phenolic acids, O-hexoside of quercetin, chrysoeriol were the prominent flavonoids in sweet potato tubers, and they were all higher in the OFSP and PFSP than WFSP. The main differential metabolic pathways between the OFSP, PFSP and the WFSP included those relating to phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis. This study provides new insights into the differences in metabolite profiles among sweet potatoes with different flesh colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Wang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Rensai Li
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Ren
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiali Gao
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yungang Zhang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato (Xuzhou), Ministry of Agriculture/Jiangsu Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, 221131, China
| | - Zhimin Ma
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Shijiazhuang 050035, Hebei Province, China
| | - Daifu Ma
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato (Xuzhou), Ministry of Agriculture/Jiangsu Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, 221131, China.
| | - Yonghai Luo
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China; Center for Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry university, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350002, China.
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42
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Freixas Coutin JA, Munholland S, Silva A, Subedi S, Lukens L, Crosby WL, Pauls KP, Bozzo GG. Proanthocyanidin accumulation and transcriptional responses in the seed coat of cranberry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with different susceptibility to postharvest darkening. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:89. [PMID: 28545577 PMCID: PMC5445279 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Edible dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) that darken during postharvest storage are graded lower and are less marketable than their non-darkened counterparts. Seed coat darkening in susceptible genotypes is dependent upon the availability of proanthocyanidins, and their subsequent oxidation to reactive quinones. Mature cranberry beans lacking this postharvest darkening trait tend to be proanthocyanidin-deficient, although the underlying molecular and biochemical determinants for this metabolic phenomenon are unknown. RESULTS Seed coat proanthocyanidin levels increased with plant maturation in a darkening-susceptible cranberry bean recombinant inbred line (RIL), whereas these metabolites were absent in seeds of the non-darkening RIL plants. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was used to monitor changes in the seed coat transcriptome as a function of bean development, where transcript levels were measured as fragments per kilobase of exon per million fragments mapped. A total of 1336 genes were differentially expressed between darkening and non-darkening cranberry bean RILs. Structural and regulatory genes of the proanthocyanidin biosynthesis pathway were upregulated in seed coats of the darkening RIL. A principal component analysis determined that changes in transcript levels for two genes of unknown function and three proanthocyanidin biosynthesis genes, FLAVANONE 3-HYDROXYLASE 1, DIHYDROFLAVONOL 4-REDUCTASE 1 and ANTHOCYANIDIN REDUCTASE 1 (PvANR1) were highly correlated with proanthocyanidin accumulation in seed coats of the darkening-susceptible cranberry bean RIL. HPLC-DAD analysis revealed that in vitro activity of a recombinant PvANR1 was NADPH-dependent and assays containing cyanidin yielded epicatechin and catechin; high cyanidin substrate levels inhibited the formation of both of these products. CONCLUSION Proanthocyanidin oxidation is a pre-requisite for postharvest-related seed coat darkening in dicotyledonous seeds. In model plant species, the accumulation of proanthocyanidins is dependent upon upregulation of biosynthetic genes. In this study, proanthocyanidin production in cranberry bean seed coats was strongly associated with an increase in PvANR1 transcripts during seed maturation. In the presence of NADPH, PvANR1 converted the physiologically relevant substrate cyanidin to epicatechin and catechin.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A. Freixas Coutin
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Seth Munholland
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Anjali Silva
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Sanjeena Subedi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
- Present address: Department of Mathematical Sciences, Binghamton University (State University of New York), 4440 Vestal Parkway E., Binghamton, New York 13902 USA
| | - Lewis Lukens
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - William L. Crosby
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - K. Peter Pauls
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Gale G. Bozzo
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
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43
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Lambert MR, Edwards TM. Hormonally active phytochemicals and vertebrate evolution. Evol Appl 2017; 10:419-432. [PMID: 28515776 PMCID: PMC5427676 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Living plants produce a diversity of chemicals that share structural and functional properties with vertebrate hormones. Wildlife species interact with these chemicals either through consumption of plant materials or aquatic exposure. Accumulating evidence shows that exposure to these hormonally active phytochemicals (HAPs) often has consequences for behavior, physiology, and fecundity. These fitness effects suggest there is potential for an evolutionary response by vertebrates to HAPs. Here, we explore the toxicological HAP-vertebrate relationship in an evolutionary framework and discuss the potential for vertebrates to adapt to or even co-opt the effects of plant-derived chemicals that influence fitness. We lay out several hypotheses about HAPs and provide a path forward to test whether plant-derived chemicals influence vertebrate reproduction and evolution. Studies of phytochemicals with direct impacts on vertebrate reproduction provide an obvious and compelling system for studying evolutionary toxicology. Furthermore, an understanding of whether animal populations evolve in response to HAPs could provide insightful context for the study of rapid evolution and how animals cope with chemical agents in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max R Lambert
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Yale University New Haven CT USA
| | - Thea M Edwards
- Department of Biology University of the South Sewanee TN USA
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Yamashita Y, Ota M, Inoue Y, Hasebe Y, Okamoto M, Inukai T, Masuta C, Sakihama Y, Hashidoko Y, Kojima M, Sakakibara H, Inage Y, Takahashi K, Yoshihara T, Matsuura H. Chemical Promotion of Endogenous Amounts of ABA in Arabidopsis thaliana by a Natural Product, Theobroxide. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:986-99. [PMID: 26917631 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones are a group of structurally diverse small compounds that orchestrate the cellular processes governing proper plant growth and environmental adaptation. To understand the details of hormonal activity, we must study not only their inherent activities but also the cross-talk among plant hormones. In addition to their use in agriculture, plant chemical activators, such as probenazole and uniconazole, have made great contributions to understand hormonal cross-talk. However, the use of plant chemical activators is limited due to the lack of activators for certain hormones. For example, to the best of our knowledge, there are only a few chemical activators previously known to stimulate the accumulation of ABA in plants, such as absinazoles and proanthocyanidins. In many cases, antagonistic effects have been examined in experiments using exogenously applied ABA, although these studies did not account for biologically relevant concentrations. In this report, it was found that a natural product, theobroxide, had potential as a plant chemical activator for stimulating the accumulation of ABA. Using theobroxide, the antagonistic effect of ABA against GAs was proved without exogenously applying ABA or using mutant plants. Our results suggest that ABA levels could be chemically controlled to elicit ABA-dependent biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Yamashita
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
| | - Maremichi Ota
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
| | - Yutaka Inoue
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
| | - Youko Hasebe
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Manipulation, Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Inukai
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Manipulation, Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
| | - Chikra Masuta
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Manipulation, Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
| | - Yasuko Sakihama
- Laboratory of Ecological Biochemistry, Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Hashidoko
- Laboratory of Ecological Biochemistry, Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Inage
- Japan Agricultural Cooperatives Minami Sorachi, Kuriyama, Yubari-gun, Hokkaido, 069-1511 Japan
| | - Kosaku Takahashi
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
| | - Teruhiko Yoshihara
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Matsuura
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan
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Sano N, Rajjou L, North HM, Debeaujon I, Marion-Poll A, Seo M. Staying Alive: Molecular Aspects of Seed Longevity. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:660-74. [PMID: 26637538 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mature seeds are an ultimate physiological status that enables plants to endure extreme conditions such as high and low temperature, freezing and desiccation. Seed longevity, the period over which seed remains viable, is an important trait not only for plant adaptation to changing environments, but also, for example, for agriculture and conservation of biodiversity. Reduction of seed longevity is often associated with oxidation of cellular macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. Seeds possess two main strategies to combat these stressful conditions: protection and repair. The protective mechanism includes the formation of glassy cytoplasm to reduce cellular metabolic activities and the production of antioxidants that prevent accumulation of oxidized macromolecules during seed storage. The repair system removes damage accumulated in DNA, RNA and proteins upon seed imbibition through enzymes such as DNA glycosylase and methionine sulfoxide reductase. In addition to longevity, dormancy is also an important adaptive trait that contributes to seed lifespan. Studies in Arabidopsis have shown that the seed-specific transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3) plays a central role in ABA-mediated seed dormancy and longevity. Seed longevity largely relies on the viability of embryos. Nevertheless, characterization of mutants with altered seed coat structure and constituents has demonstrated that although the maternally derived cell layers surrounding the embryos are dead, they have a significant impact on longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Sano
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Loïc Rajjou
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Helen M North
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Debeaujon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Annie Marion-Poll
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397 Japan
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Luo P, Shen Y, Jin S, Huang S, Cheng X, Wang Z, Li P, Zhao J, Bao M, Ning G. Overexpression of Rosa rugosa anthocyanidin reductase enhances tobacco tolerance to abiotic stress through increased ROS scavenging and modulation of ABA signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 245:35-49. [PMID: 26940490 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins (PAs) and plays a role in the plant stress response. However, the mechanism by which ANR confers stress tolerance in plants is not understood. Here, we report the isolation of RrANR, the homologous gene from rose, and NtABF, an ABA-response related transcription factor gene from tobacco. These genes were characterized regarding their functions in stress responses through the use of transgenic, transcriptomic and physiological analyses. Over-expression of RrANR in tobacco resulted in an increased accumulation of both PAs and abscisic acid (ABA), and also enhanced stress tolerance. Transcriptomic analysis of these transgenic tobacco lines indicated that RrANR overexpression induced global transcriptomic changes, including these involved in oxidation/reduction, hormone response and secondary metabolism. Genes related to ABA biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging were up-regulated in RrANR transgenic lines, and these effects were phenocopied by the direct treatment of tobacco plants with PAs and ABA. Transcriptomic data from each of these treatments identified the upregulation of a putative NtABF. Furthermore, the up-regulation of NtABF in RrANR transformants or in PAs- and ABA-treated tobacco plants was associated with enhanced stress tolerance. Overexpression of NtABF in transgenic tobacco mimicked the effects of RrANR-transgenic plants with regard to the up-regulation of ROS-scavenging genes and an increase in oxidative tolerance. Taken together, our findings indicate that overexpression of RrANR results in an increase in plant tolerance to oxidative stress via increased scavenging of ROS and modulation of the ABA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Luo
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yuxiao Shen
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National key laboratory of Crop Genetics and Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shasha Huang
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Penghui Li
- National key laboratory of Crop Genetics and Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jian Zhao
- National key laboratory of Crop Genetics and Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Manzhu Bao
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Guogui Ning
- Key laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Du H, Chang Y, Huang F, Xiong L. GID1 modulates stomatal response and submergence tolerance involving abscisic acid and gibberellic acid signaling in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:954-968. [PMID: 25418692 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to abiotic stresses are coordinated by arrays of growth and developmental programs. Gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) play critical roles in the developmental programs and environmental responses, respectively, through complex signaling and metabolism networks. However, crosstalk between the two phytohormones in stress responses remains largely unknown. In this study, we report that GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE DWARF 1 (GID1), a soluble receptor for GA, regulates stomatal development and patterning in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The gid1 mutant showed impaired biosynthesis of endogenous ABA under drought stress conditions, but it exhibited enhanced sensitivity to exogenous ABA. Scanning electron microscope and infrared thermal image analysis indicated an increase in the stomatal conductance in the gid1 mutant under drought conditions. Interestingly, the gid1 mutant had increased levels of chlorophyll and carbohydrates under submergence conditions, and showed enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging ability and submergence tolerance compared with the wild-type. Further analyses suggested that the function of GID1 in submergence responses is partially dependent on ABA, and GA signaling by GID1 is involved in submergence tolerance by modulating carbohydrate consumption. Taken together, these findings suggest GID1 plays distinct roles in stomatal response and submergence tolerance through both the ABA and GA signaling pathways in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu Chang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fei Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lizhong Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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48
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Hong G, Wang J, Hochstetter D, Gao Y, Xu P, Wang Y. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate functions as a physiological regulator by modulating the jasmonic acid pathway. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 153:432-439. [PMID: 25124736 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, a class of plant polyphenols derived from plant secondary metabolism, play important roles in plant development and have beneficial effects on human health. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenol, and its molecular and biochemical mechanism have been followed with interest. The shared signaling heritage or convergence of organisms has allowed us to extend this research into the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we showed that EGCG could promote jasmonic acid (JA) signaling in A. thaliana. EGCG not only inhibited seed germination but also elevated the resistance to necrotrophic Botrytis cinerea, partly by altering the relative strength of JA signaling. Accordingly, JA marker gene induction, seed germination inhibition and the increased resistance to B. cinerea were attenuated in the JA-insensitive coi1-2 mutant. The coi1-2 mutant was partially insensitive to the treatment of EGCG, further implicating the function of EGCG in JA signaling and/or perception. Our results indicate that EGCG, a member of the flavonoid class of polyphenols, affects signal processing in seed development and disease susceptibility via modulation of JA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaojie Hong
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China; Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Hammouda H, Alvarado C, Bouchet B, Kalthoum-Chérif J, Trabelsi-Ayadi M, Guyot S. Tissue and cellular localization of tannins in Tunisian dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) by light and transmission electron microscopy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:6650-6654. [PMID: 24987926 DOI: 10.1021/jf5013715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A histological approach including light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to provide accurate information on the localization of condensed tannins in the edible tissues and in the stone of date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Light microscopy was carried out on fresh tissues after staining by 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMACA) for a specific detection of condensed tannins. Thus, whether under light microscopy or transmission electron microscopy (TEM), results showed that tannins are not located in the epidermis but more deeply in the mesocarp in the vacuole of very large cells. Regarding the stones, tannins are found in a specific cell layer located at 50 μm from the sclereid cells of the testa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hédi Hammouda
- Laboratoire d'Application de la Chimie aux Ressources et Substances Naturelles et à l'Environnement (LACReSNE), , Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte , 7021 Zarzouna-Bizerte, Tunisie
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50
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Galland M, Boutet-Mercey S, Lounifi I, Godin B, Balzergue S, Grandjean O, Morin H, Perreau F, Debeaujon I, Rajjou L. Compartmentation and Dynamics of Flavone Metabolism in Dry and Germinated Rice Seeds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 55:1646-59. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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