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Duan S, Guan S, Fei R, Sun T, Kang X, Xin R, Song W, Sun X. Unraveling the role of PlARF2 in regulating deed formancy in Paeonia lactiflora. Planta 2024; 259:133. [PMID: 38668881 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION PlARF2 can positively regulate the seed dormancy in Paeonia lactiflora Pall. and bind the RY cis-element. Auxin, a significant phytohormone influencing seed dormancy, has been demonstrated to be regulated by auxin response factors (ARFs), key transcriptional modulators in the auxin signaling pathway. However, the role of this class of transcription factors (TFs) in perennials with complex seed dormancy mechanisms remains largely unexplored. Here, we cloned and characterized an ARF gene from Paeonia lactiflora, named PlARF2, which exhibited differential expression levels in the seeds during the process of seed dormancy release. The deduced amino acid sequence of PlARF2 had high homology with those of other plants and contained typical conserved Auxin_resp domain of the ARF family. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PlARF2 was closely related to VvARF3 in Vitis vinifera. The subcellular localization and transcriptional activation assay showed that PlARF2 is a nuclear protein possessing transcriptional activation activity. The expression levels of dormancy-related genes in transgenic callus indicated that PlARF2 was positively correlated with the contents of PlABI3 and PlDOG1. The germination assay showed that PlARF2 promoted seed dormancy. Moreover, TF Centered Yeast one-hybrid assay (TF-Centered Y1H), electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and dual-luciferase reporter assay analysis (Dual-Luciferase) provided evidence that PlARF2 can bind to the 'CATGCATG' motif. Collectively, our findings suggest that PlARF2, as TF, could be involved in the regulation of seed dormancy and may act as a repressor of germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Duan
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Shixin Guan
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Riwen Fei
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Tianyi Sun
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xuening Kang
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Rujie Xin
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Wenhui Song
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetics, Breeding and Cultivation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Gao W, Jiang Y, Yang X, Li T, Zhang L, Yan S, Cao J, Lu J, Ma C, Chang C, Zhang H. Functional analysis of a wheat class III peroxidase gene, TaPer12-3A, in seed dormancy and germination. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:318. [PMID: 38654190 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Class III peroxidases (PODs) perform crucial functions in various developmental processes and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, their roles in wheat seed dormancy (SD) and germination remain elusive. RESULTS Here, we identified a wheat class III POD gene, named TaPer12-3A, based on transcriptome data and expression analysis. TaPer12-3A showed decreasing and increasing expression trends with SD acquisition and release, respectively. It was highly expressed in wheat seeds and localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm. Germination tests were performed using the transgenic Arabidopsis and rice lines as well as wheat mutant mutagenized with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) in Jing 411 (J411) background. These results indicated that TaPer12-3A negatively regulated SD and positively mediated germination. Further studies showed that TaPer12-3A maintained H2O2 homeostasis by scavenging excess H2O2 and participated in the biosynthesis and catabolism pathways of gibberellic acid and abscisic acid to regulate SD and germination. CONCLUSION These findings not only provide new insights for future functional analysis of TaPer12-3A in regulating wheat SD and germination but also provide a target gene for breeding wheat varieties with high pre-harvest sprouting resistance by gene editing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yating Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Xiaohu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Litian Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Shengnan Yan
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Jiajia Cao
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Jie Lu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Chuanxi Ma
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
| | - Haiping Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southern Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
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Park M, Shin SY, Moon H, Choi W, Shin C. Analysis of the global transcriptome and miRNAome associated with seed dormancy during seed maturation in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare). BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:215. [PMID: 38532331 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04928-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seed dormancy is a biological mechanism that prevents germination until favorable conditions for the subsequent generation of plants are encountered. Therefore, this mechanism must be effectively established during seed maturation. Studies investigating the transcriptome and miRNAome of rice embryos and endosperms at various maturation stages to evaluate seed dormancy are limited. This study aimed to compare the transcriptome and miRNAome of rice seeds during seed maturation. RESULTS Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare seeds were sampled for embryos and endosperms at three maturation stages: 30, 45, and 60 days after heading (DAH). The pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) assay was conducted to assess the level of dormancy in the seeds at each maturation stage. At 60 DAH, the PHS rate was significantly increased compared to those at 30 and 45 DAH, indicating that the dormancy is broken during the later maturation stage (45 DAH to 60 DAH). However, the largest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) were identified between 30 and 60 DAH in the embryo and endosperm, implying that the gradual changes in genes and miRNAs from 30 to 60 DAH may play a significant role in breaking seed dormancy. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses confirmed that DEGs related to plant hormones were most abundant in the embryo during 45 DAH to 60 DAH and 30 DAH to 60 DAH transitions. Alternatively, most of the DEGs in the endosperm were related to energy and abiotic stress. MapMan analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction identified four newly profiled auxin-related genes (OsSAUR6/12/23/25) and one ethylene-related gene (OsERF087), which may be involved in seed dormancy during maturation. Additionally, miRNA target prediction (psRNATarget) and degradome dataset (TarDB) indicated a potential association between osa-miR531b and ethylene biosynthesis gene (OsACO4), along with osa-miR390-5p and the abscisic acid (ABA) exporter-related gene (OsMATE19) as factors involved in seed dormancy. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of the transcriptome and miRNAome of rice embryos and endosperms during seed maturation provided new insights into seed dormancy, particularly its relationship with plant hormones such as ABA, auxin, and ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Shin
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongman Moon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochang Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanseok Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Jhanji S, Goyal E, Chumber M, Kaur G. Exploring fine tuning between phytohormones and ROS signaling cascade in regulation of seed dormancy, germination and seedling development. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 207:108352. [PMID: 38266558 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
In higher plants, seed is a propagule which ensures dissemination and survival of species. Developmental phases of a seed comprise embryogenesis, maturation and germination paving a way to its final fate i.e. seedling establishment. The final stage of seed maturation is marked by dehydration, acquisition of dessication tolerance and induction of dormancy. A precise Abscisic acid (ABA) to Gibberellins (GA) ratio, accumulation of miRNA 156, low level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enzyme inactivity govern seed dormancy. This also prevent pre harvest sprouting of the seeds. Overtime, stored seed mRNAs and proteins are degraded through oxidation of specific nucleotides in response to ROS accumulation. This degradation alleviates seed dormancy and transforms a dormant seed into a germinating seed. At this stage, ABA catabolism and degradation accompanied by GA synthesis contribute to low ABA to GA ratio. GA as well as ROS acts downstream, to mobilize reserve food materials, rupture testa, enhance imbibition and protrude radicle. All these events mark seed germination. Further, seedling is established under the governance of auxin and light. ABA and GA are master regulators while auxin, cytokinins, ethylene, jasmonic acid, brassinosteroids act through interdependent pathways to tightly regulate seed dormancy, germination and seedling establishment. In this review, the role of phytohormones and ROS in accordance with environmental factors in governing seed dormancy, promoting seed germination and thus, establishing a seedling is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Jhanji
- Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India.
| | - Eena Goyal
- Department of Botany, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Manisha Chumber
- Department of Botany, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Botany, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
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Zhang F, Chen T, Liu N, Hou X, Wang L, Cai Q, Li R, Qian X, Xu H, Zhu Z, Zheng W, Yu Y, Zhou K. Genome-wide characterization of SDR gene family and its potential role in seed dormancy of Brassica napus L. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:21. [PMID: 38166550 PMCID: PMC10759766 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with short or no dormancy period are easy to germinate before harvest (pre-harvest sprouting, PHS). PHS has seriously decreased seed weight and oil content in B. napus. Short-chain dehydrogenase/ reductase (SDR) genes have been found to related to seed dormancy by promoting ABA biosynthesis in rice and Arabidopsis. In order to clarify whether SDR genes are the key factor of seed dormancy in B. napus, homology sequence blast, protein physicochemical properties, conserved motif, gene structure, cis-acting element, gene expression and variation analysis were conducted in present study. Results shown that 142 BnaSDR genes, unevenly distributed on 19 chromosomes, have been identified in B. napus genome. Among them, four BnaSDR gene clusters present in chromosome A04、A05、C03、C04 were also identified. These 142 BnaSDR genes were divided into four subfamilies on phylogenetic tree. Members of the same subgroup have similar protein characters, conserved motifs, gene structure, cis-acting elements and tissue expression profiles. Specially, the expression levels of genes in subgroup A, B and C were gradually decreased, but increased in subgroup D with the development of seeds. Among seven higher expressed genes in group D, six BnaSDR genes were significantly higher expressed in weak dormancy line than that in nondormancy line. And the significant effects of BnaC01T0313900ZS and BnaC03T0300500ZS variation on seed dormancy were also demonstrated in present study. These findings provide a key information for investigating the function of BnaSDRs on seed dormancy in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fugui Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Tianhua Chen
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Nian Liu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Xinzhe Hou
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Qingao Cai
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Xingzhi Qian
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Zonghe Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Wenyin Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yan Yu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Kejin Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, 130, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
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Ni F, Shah FA, Ren J. Identification and characterization of the karrikins signaling gene SsSMAX1 in Sapium sebiferum. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16610. [PMID: 38089914 PMCID: PMC10712317 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 LIKE 1 (SMAX1) is a member of the SUPPRESSOR of MAX2 1‑LIKE family of genes and is known as a target protein of KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2)-MORE AXILLARY BRANCHES2 (MAX2), which mediates karrikin signaling in Arabidopsis. SMAX1 plays a significant role in seed germination, hypocotyl elongation, and root hair development in Arabidopsis. SMAX1 has not yet been identified and characterized in woody plants. This study identified and characterized SsSMAX1 in Sapium sebiferum and found that SsSMAX1 was highly expressed in the seed, hypocotyl, and root tips of S. sebiferum. SsSMAX1 was functionally characterized by ectopic expression in Arabidopsis. SsSMAX1 overexpression lines of Arabidopsis showed significantly delayed seed germination and produced seedlings with longer hypocotyl and roots than wild-type and Atsmax1 functional mutants. SsSMAX1 overexpression lines of Arabidopsis also had broader and longer leaves and petioles than wild-type and Atsmax1, suggesting that SsSMAX1 is functionally conserved. This study characterizes the SMAX1 gene in a woody and commercially valuable bioenergy plant, Sapium sebiferum. The results of this study are beneficial to future research on the molecular biology of woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ni
- Anhui Wenda University of Information Engineering, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Faheem Afzal Shah
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Wang A, Baskin CC, Baskin JM, Ding J. Trade-offs between diaspore dispersal and dormancy within a spike of the invasive annual grass Aegilops tauschii. Planta 2023; 257:121. [PMID: 37198315 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Differences in dispersal and dormancy of heteromorphic diaspores of Aegilos tauschii may increase its flexibility to invade/occupy weedy unpredictable habitats by spreading risk in space and time. In plant species that produce dimorphic seeds, there often is a negative relationship between dispersal and dormancy, with high dispersal-low dormancy in one morph and low dispersal-high dormancy in the other, which may function as a bet-hedging strategy that spreads the risk of survival and ensures reproductive success. However, the relationship between dispersal and dormancy and its ecological consequences in invasive annual grasses that produce heteromorphic diaspores is not well studied. We compared dispersal and dormancy responses of diaspores from the basal (proximal) to the distal position on compound spikes of Aegilops tauschii, an invasive grass with heteromorphic diaspores. Dispersal ability increased and degree of dormancy decreased as diaspore position on a spike increased from basal to distal. There was a significant positive correlation between length of awns and dispersal ability, and awn removal significantly promoted seed germination. Germination was positively correlated with GA concentration and negatively correlated with ABA concentration, and the ABA: GA ratio was high in seeds with low germination/high dormancy. Thus, there was a continuous inverse-linear relationship between diaspore dispersal ability and degree of dormancy. This negative relationship between diaspore dispersal and degree of dormancy at different positions on a spike of Aegilops tauschii may facilitate seedling survival in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- AiBo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
| | - Carol C Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Jerry M Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Jianqing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
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Zheng G, Li W, Zhang S, Mi Q, Luo W, Zhao Y, Qin X, Li W, Pu S, Xu F. Multiomics strategies for decoding seed dormancy breakdown in Paris polyphylla. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:247. [PMID: 37170087 PMCID: PMC10173654 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The disruption of seed dormancy is a complicated process and is controlled by various factors. Among these factors, membrane lipids and plant hormones are two of the most important ones. Paris polyphylla is an important Chinese herbaceous species, and the dormancy trait of its seed limits the cultivation of this herb. RESULTS In this study, we investigate the global metabolic and transcriptomic profiles of Paris polyphylla during seed dormancy breaking. Widely targeted metabolomics revealed that lysophospholipids (lysoPLs) increased during P. polyphylla seed dormancy breaking. The expression of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), genes correlated to the production of lysoPLs, up-regulated significantly during this process. Abscisic acid (ABA) decreased dramatically during seed dormancy breaking of P. polyphylla. Changes of different GAs varied during P. polyphylla seeds dormancy breaking, 13-OH GAs, such as GA53 were not detected, and GA3 decreased significantly, whereas 13-H GAs, such as GA15, GA24 and GA4 increased. The expression of CYP707As was not synchronous with the change of ABA content, and the expression of most UGTs, GA20ox and GA3ox up-regulated during seed dormancy breaking. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PLA2 mediated production of lysoPLs may correlate to the seed dormancy breaking of P. polyphylla. The conversion of ABA to ABA-GE catalysed by UGTs may be the main cause of ABA degradation. Through inhibition the expression of genes related to the synthesis of 13-OH GAs and up-regulation genes related to the synthesis of 13-H GAs, P. polyphylla synthesized more bioactive 13-H GA (GA4) to break its seed dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Zheng
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wenchun Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shunzhen Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qi Mi
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wenxiu Luo
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiangshi Qin
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Weijiao Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Shibiao Pu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Furong Xu
- College of Ethnic Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Kim S, Huh SM, Han HJ, Lee GS, Hwang YS, Cho MH, Kim BG, Song JS, Chung JH, Nam MH, Ji H, Kim KH, Yoon IS. A rice seed-specific glycine-rich protein OsDOR1 interacts with GID1 to repress GA signaling and regulates seed dormancy. Plant Mol Biol 2023; 111:523-539. [PMID: 36973492 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is an important agronomic trait under the control of complex genetic and environmental interactions, which have not been yet comprehensively understood. From the field screening of rice mutant library generated by a Ds transposable element, we identified a pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) mutant dor1. This mutant has a single insertion of Ds element at the second exon of OsDOR1 (LOC_Os03g20770), which encodes a novel seed-specific glycine-rich protein. This gene successfully complemented the PHS phenotype of dor1 mutant and its ectopic expression enhanced seed dormancy. Here, we demonstrated that OsDOR1 protein binds to the GA receptor protein, OsGID1 in rice protoplasts, and interrupts with the formation OsGID1-OsSLR1 complex in yeast cells. Co-expression of OsDOR1 with OsGID1 in rice protoplasts attenuated the GA-dependent degradation of OsSLR1, the key repressor of GA signaling. We showed the endogenous OsSLR1 protein level in the dor1 mutant seeds is significantly lower than that of wild type. The dor1 mutant featured a hypersensitive GA-response of α-amylase gene expression during seed germination. Based on these findings, we suggest that OsDOR1 is a novel negative player of GA signaling operated in the maintenance of seed dormancy. Our findings provide a novel source of PHS resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Kim
- Gene Engineering Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Huh
- Gene Engineering Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, 55365, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Convergence Science & Technology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hay Ju Han
- Gene Engineering Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Seob Lee
- Biosafety Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sic Hwang
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hyun Cho
- Gene Engineering Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Gi Kim
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Song
- Gene Engineering Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hee Chung
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hee Nam
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonso Ji
- Gene Engineering Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Kim
- Gene Engineering Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sun Yoon
- Gene Engineering Division, Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Rehal PK, Tuan PA, Nguyen TN, Cattani DJ, Humphreys DG, Ayele BT. Genetic variation of seed dormancy in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is mediated by transcriptional regulation of abscisic acid metabolism and signaling. Plant Sci 2022; 324:111432. [PMID: 36029895 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates seed dormancy and therefore preharvest sprouting (PHS) in wheat. This study investigated the contribution of transcriptional regulation of ABA metabolism and signaling genes to genetic variation in dormancy of wheat seeds. Our results showed that genetic variation in seed dormancy is highly correlated with ABA content (r > 0.86), which, in turn, was closely associated with the expression levels of ABA biosynthesis genes, TaNCED1 (r = 0.78) and TaNCED2 (r = 0.67). A relatively lower correlation was observed between ABA content and the expression levels of ABA catabolism genes, TaCYP707A1 (r = 0.51) and TaCYP707A2 (r = 0.57). The expression level of TaABI5 exhibited strong associations with the levels of ABA (r = 0.8) and seed dormancy (r > 0.9), indicating the importance of seed ABA sensitivity in mediating genetic variation in dormancy. Furthermore, high positive correlations were prevalent between the expression patterns of TaABI5 and TaNCED1 (r = 0.91) or TaNCED2 (r = 0.82). Overall, our results implicated the significance of TaNCEDs and TaABI5 in regulating genetic variation in ABA level and sensitivity and thereby seed dormancy, highlighting the potential use of these genes to develop molecular markers for incorporating PHS resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawanpuneet K Rehal
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Pham Anh Tuan
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Tran-Nguyen Nguyen
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Douglas J Cattani
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - D Gavin Humphreys
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, KW Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Belay T Ayele
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, 222 Agriculture Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada.
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11
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Fu K, Song W, Chen C, Mou C, Huang Y, Zhang F, Hao Q, Wang P, Ma T, Chen Y, Zhu Z, Zhang M, Tong Q, Liu X, Jiang L, Wan J. Improving pre-harvest sprouting resistance in rice by editing OsABA8ox using CRISPR/Cas9. Plant Cell Rep 2022; 41:2107-2110. [PMID: 35976402 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Knock out OsABA8ox helps improve pre-harvest spouting resistance and do not affect rice yield. Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS) is a phenomenon that the seeds of crops germinate preharvest, which reduces the yield and quality of rice. Abscisic acid(ABA) is one of the phytohormones that promotes seed dormancy. ABA8' hydroxylase is the main enzyme that can catabolism ABA in plant. There are three genes that encode ABA8' hydroxylase in rice, named OsABA8ox1, OsABA8ox2 and OsABA8ox3. In this study, we use CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to target these three genes in Ningjing6 and find that the knockout transgenic lines are all significantly strengthen in seed dormancy and have no effect on the yield. By a series of quantitative experiments, we consider that after knock out OsABA8ox, the high endogenous ABA level will influence the ABA signal which suppress the substantial and energy metabolism in the seeds, and finally led to higher dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weihan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changling Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunshuai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fulin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qixian Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qikai Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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12
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Yazdanpanah F, Willems LAJ, He H, Hilhorst HWM, Bentsink L. A Role for Allantoate Amidohydrolase (AtAAH) in the Germination of Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds. Plant Cell Physiol 2022; 63:1298-1308. [PMID: 35861030 PMCID: PMC9474941 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is a very complex trait controlled by interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Nitrate is inversely correlated with seed dormancy in Arabidopsis. This is explained by the fact that seed dry storage (after-ripening) reduces the need for nitrogen for germination. When nitrate is absorbed by plants, it is first reduced to nitrite and then to ammonium for incorporation into amino acids, nucleic acids and chlorophyll. Previously, we showed that ALLANTOATE AMIDOHYDROLASE (AtAAH) transcripts are up-regulated in imbibed dormant seeds compared with after-ripened seeds. AAH is an enzyme in the uric acid catabolic pathway which catalyzes the hydrolysis of allantoate to yield CO2, NH3 and S-ureidoglycine. This pathway is the final stage of purine catabolism, and functions in plants and some bacteria to provide nitrogen, particularly when other nitrogen sources are depleted. Ataah mutant seeds are more dormant and accumulate high levels of allantoate, allantoin and urea, whereas energy-related metabolites and several amino acids are lower upon seed imbibition in comparison with Columbia-0. AtAAH expression could be detected during the early stages of seed development, with a transient increase around 8 d after pollination. AtAAH expression is the highest in mature pollen. The application of exogenous potassium nitrate can partly complement the higher dormancy phenotype of the Ataah mutant seeds, whereas other nitrogen sources cannot. Our results indicate that potassium nitrate does not specifically overcome the alleviated dormancy levels in Ataah mutant seeds, but promotes germination in general. Possible pathways by which AtAAH affects seed germination are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leo A J Willems
- Wageningen Seed Science Centre, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henk W M Hilhorst
- Wageningen Seed Science Centre, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
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13
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Rehmani MS, Aziz U, Xian B, Shu K. Seed Dormancy and Longevity: A Mutual Dependence or a Trade-Off? Plant Cell Physiol 2022; 63:1029-1037. [PMID: 35594901 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is an important agronomic trait in cereals and leguminous crops as low levels of seed dormancy during harvest season, coupled with high humidity, can cause preharvest sprouting. Seed longevity is another critical trait for commercial crop propagation and production, directly influencing seed germination and early seedling establishment. Both traits are precisely regulated by the integration of genetic and environmental cues. Despite the significance of these two traits in crop production, the relationship between them at the molecular level is still elusive, even with contradictory conclusions being reported. Some studies have proposed a positive correlation between seed dormancy and longevity in association with differences in seed coat permeability or seed reserve accumulation, whereas an increasing number of studies have highlighted a negative relationship, largely with respect to phytohormone-dependent pathways. In this review paper, we try to provide some insights into the interactions between regulatory mechanisms of genetic and environmental cues, which result in positive or negative relationships between seed dormancy and longevity. Finally, we conclude that further dissection of the molecular mechanism responsible for this apparently contradictory relationship between them is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Rehmani
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 1, Dongxiang Road, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Usman Aziz
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 1, Dongxiang Road, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - BaoShan Xian
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 1, Dongxiang Road, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 1, Dongxiang Road, Xi'an 710129, China
- Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, No. 45, Gaoxin South 9 Road, Shenzhen 518057, China
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14
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Wei J, Fang Y, Jiang H, Wu XT, Zuo JH, Xia XC, Li JQ, Stich B, Cao H, Liu YX. Combining QTL mapping and gene co-expression network analysis for prediction of candidate genes and molecular network related to yield in wheat. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:288. [PMID: 35698038 PMCID: PMC9190149 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop. Increasing grain yield for wheat is always a priority. Due to the complex genome of hexaploid wheat with 21 chromosomes, it is difficult to identify underlying genes by traditional genetic approach. The combination of genetics and omics analysis has displayed the powerful capability to identify candidate genes for major quantitative trait loci (QTLs), but such studies have rarely been carried out in wheat. In this study, candidate genes related to yield were predicted by a combined use of linkage mapping and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) in a recombinant inbred line population. RESULTS QTL mapping was performed for plant height (PH), spike length (SL) and seed traits. A total of 68 QTLs were identified for them, among which, 12 QTLs were stably identified across different environments. Using RNA sequencing, we scanned the 99,168 genes expression patterns of the whole spike for the recombinant inbred line population. By the combined use of QTL mapping and WGCNA, 29, 47, 20, 26, 54, 46 and 22 candidate genes were predicted for PH, SL, kernel length (KL), kernel width, thousand kernel weight, seed dormancy, and seed vigor, respectively. Candidate genes for different traits had distinct preferences. The known PH regulation genes Rht-B and Rht-D, and the known seed dormancy regulation genes TaMFT can be selected as candidate gene. Moreover, further experiment revealed that there was a SL regulatory QTL located in an interval of about 7 Mbp on chromosome 7A, named TaSL1, which also involved in the regulation of KL. CONCLUSIONS A combination of QTL mapping and WGCNA was applied to predicted wheat candidate genes for PH, SL and seed traits. This strategy will facilitate the identification of candidate genes for related QTLs in wheat. In addition, the QTL TaSL1 that had multi-effect regulation of KL and SL was identified, which can be used for wheat improvement. These results provided valuable molecular marker and gene information for fine mapping and cloning of the yield-related trait loci in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xing-Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing-Hong Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xian-Chun Xia
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Quan Li
- Strube Research GmbH & Co., KG, 38387, S ̈ollingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stich
- Institute of Quantitative Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Heinrich Heine University, D ̈usseldorf, Germany
| | - Hong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yong-Xiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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15
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Dhariwal R, Hiebert CW, Sorrells ME, Spaner D, Graf RJ, Singh J, Randhawa HS. Mapping pre-harvest sprouting resistance loci in AAC Innova × AAC Tenacious spring wheat population. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:900. [PMID: 34911435 PMCID: PMC8675488 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) is a major problem for wheat production due to its direct detrimental effects on wheat yield, end-use quality and seed viability. Annually, PHS is estimated to cause > 1.0 billion USD in losses worldwide. Therefore, identifying PHS resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) is crucial to aid molecular breeding efforts to minimize losses. Thus, a doubled haploid mapping population derived from a cross between white-grained PHS susceptible cv AAC Innova and red-grained resistant cv AAC Tenacious was screened for PHS resistance in four environments and utilized for QTL mapping. Results Twenty-one PHS resistance QTLs, including seven major loci (on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 3D, and 7D), each explaining ≥10% phenotypic variation for PHS resistance, were identified. In every environment, at least one major QTL was identified. PHS resistance at most of these loci was contributed by AAC Tenacious except at two loci on chromosomes 3D and 7D where it was contributed by AAC Innova. Thirteen of the total twenty-one identified loci were located to chromosome positions where at least one QTL have been previously identified in other wheat genotype(s). The remaining eight QTLs are new which have been identified for the first time in this study. Pedigree analysis traced several known donors of PHS resistance in AAC Tenacious genealogy. Comparative analyses of the genetic intervals of identified QTLs with that of already identified and cloned PHS resistance gene intervals using IWGSC RefSeq v2.0 identified MFT-A1b (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc-3A.1) and AGO802A (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc-3A.2) on chromosome 3A, MFT-3B-1 (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc-3B.1) on chromosome 3B, and AGO802D, HUB1, TaVp1-D1 (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc-3D.1) and TaMyb10-D1 (in QTL interval QPhs.lrdc-3D.2) on chromosome 3D. These candidate genes are involved in embryo- and seed coat-imposed dormancy as well as in epigenetic control of dormancy. Conclusions Our results revealed the complex PHS resistance genetics of AAC Tenacious and AAC Innova. AAC Tenacious possesses a great reservoir of important PHS resistance QTLs/genes supposed to be derived from different resources. The tracing of pedigrees of AAC Tenacious and other sources complements the validation of QTL analysis results. Finally, comparing our results with previous PHS studies in wheat, we have confirmed the position of several major PHS resistance QTLs and candidate genes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08209-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Dhariwal
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Colin W Hiebert
- Morden Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 101 Route 100, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Mark E Sorrells
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Cornell University, 240 Emerson Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Dean Spaner
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Robert J Graf
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Harpinder S Randhawa
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada.
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16
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Gianella M, Bradford KJ, Guzzon F. Ecological, (epi)genetic and physiological aspects of bet-hedging in angiosperms. Plant Reprod 2021; 34:21-36. [PMID: 33449209 PMCID: PMC7902588 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-020-00402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Bet-hedging is a complex evolutionary strategy involving morphological, eco-physiological, (epi)genetic and population dynamics aspects. We review these aspects in flowering plants and propose further research needed for this topic. Bet-hedging is an evolutionary strategy that reduces the temporal variance in fitness at the expense of a lowered arithmetic mean fitness. It has evolved in organisms subjected to variable cues from the external environment, be they abiotic or biotic stresses such as irregular rainfall or predation. In flowering plants, bet-hedging is exhibited by hundreds of species and is mainly exerted by reproductive organs, in particular seeds but also embryos and fruits. The main example of bet-hedging in angiosperms is diaspore heteromorphism in which the same individual produces different seed/fruit morphs in terms of morphology, dormancy, eco-physiology and/or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in order to 'hedge its bets' in unpredictable environments. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the ecological, genetic, epigenetic and physiological aspects involved in shaping bet-hedging strategies, and how these can affect population dynamics. We identify several open research questions about bet-hedging strategies in plants: 1) understanding ecological trade-offs among different traits; 2) producing more comprehensive phylogenetic analyses to understand the diffusion and evolutionary implications of this strategy; 3) clarifying epigenetic mechanisms related to bet-hedging and plant responses to environmental cues; and 4) applying multi-omics approaches to study bet-hedging at different levels of detail. Clarifying those aspects of bet-hedging will deepen our understanding of this fascinating evolutionary strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maraeva Gianella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Kent J Bradford
- Department of Plant Sciences, Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Filippo Guzzon
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera México-Veracruz, Km. 45, El Batán, 56237, Texcoco, Mexico State, Mexico.
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FitzGerald C, Keener J. Red Light and the Dormancy-Germination Decision in Arabidopsis Seeds. Bull Math Biol 2021; 83:17. [PMID: 33452929 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-020-00849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis dormancy-germination transition is known to be environmentally cued and controlled by the competing hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) produced by the seed. Recently, new molecular details have emerged concerning the propagation of red light through a complex gene regulatory network involving PhyB, PIF1, and RVE1. This network influences the formation of the PIF1-RVE1 complex [1,2]. The PIF1-RVE1 complex is a transcription factor that regulates the production of ABA and GA and helps shift the balance to high concentration of ABA and low concentration of GA, which corresponds to a dormant seed state. This newly discovered gene regulatory network has not been analyzed mathematically. Our analysis shows that this gene regulatory network exhibits switch-like bistability as a function of the red light input and makes a suite of biologically testable predictions concerning seed dormancy and germination in response to the amplitude and periodicity of an oscillatory red light input.
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18
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Kishchenko O, Zhou Y, Jatayev S, Shavrukov Y, Borisjuk N. Gene editing applications to modulate crop flowering time and seed dormancy. aBIOTECH 2020; 1:233-245. [PMID: 36304127 PMCID: PMC9590486 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-020-00032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gene editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 have been used to improve many agricultural traits, from disease resistance to grain quality. Now, emerging research has used CRISPR/Cas9 and other gene editing technologies to target plant reproduction, including major areas such as flowering time and seed dormancy. Traits related to these areas have important implications for agriculture, as manipulation of flowering time has multiple applications, including tailoring crops for regional adaptation and improving yield. Moreover, understanding seed dormancy will enable approaches to improve germination upon planting and prevent pre-harvest sprouting. Here, we summarize trends and recent advances in using gene editing to gain a better understanding of plant reproduction and apply the resulting information for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Kishchenko
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Yuzhen Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
| | - Satyvaldy Jatayev
- Faculty of Agronomy, S. Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Yuri Shavrukov
- College of Science and Engineering, Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nikolai Borisjuk
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
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19
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Nascimento CEDS, da Silva CAD, Leal IR, Tavares WDS, Serrão JE, Zanuncio JC, Tabarelli M. Seed germination and early seedling survival of the invasive species Prosopis juliflora (Fabaceae) depend on habitat and seed dispersal mode in the Caatinga dry forest. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9607. [PMID: 32953255 PMCID: PMC7474883 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biological invasion is one of the main threats to tropical biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Prosopis juliflora (Sw) DC. (Fabales: Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) was introduced in the Caatinga dry forest of Northeast Brazil at early 1940s and successfully spread across the region. As other invasive species, it may benefit from the soils and seed dispersal by livestock. Here we examine how seed dispersal ecology and soil conditions collectively affect seed germination, early seedling performance and consequently the P. juliflora invasive potential. Methods Seed germination, early seedling survival, life expectancy and soil attributes were examined in 10 plots located across three habitats (flooding plain, alluvial terrace and plateau) into a human-modified landscape of the Caatinga dry forest (a total of 12,000 seeds). Seeds were exposed to four seed dispersal methods: deposition on the soil surface, burial in the soil, passed through cattle (Boss taurus) digestive tracts and mixed with cattle manure and passed through mule (Equus africanus asinus × Equus ferus caballus) digestive tracts and mixed with mule manure. Seeds and seedlings were monitored through a year and their performance examined with expectancy tables. Results Soils differed among habitats, particularly its nutrient availability, texture and water with finely-textured and more fertile soils in the flooding plain. Total seed germination was relatively low (14.5%), with the highest score among seeds buried in the flooding plain (47.4 ± 25.3%). Seed dispersal by cattle and mule also positively impacted seed germination. Early seedling survival rate of P. juliflora was dramatically reduced with few seedlings still alive elapsed a year. Survival rate was highest in the first 30 days and declined between 30 and 60 days with stabilization at 70 days after germination in all seed treatments and habitats. However, survival and life expectancy were higher in the flooding plain at 75 days and lower in the plateau. Prosopis juliflora seedling survival and life expectancy were higher in the case seeds were mixed with cattle manure. Synthesis Prosopis juliflora seeds and seedlings are sensitive to water stress and habitat desiccation. Therefore, they benefit from the humid soils often present across human-disturbed flooding plains. This plant also benefits from seed deposition/dispersal by livestock in these landscapes, since cattle manure represents a nutrient-rich and humid substrate for both seeds and seedlings. The quality of the seed dispersal service varies among livestock species, but this key mutualism between exotic species is due to the arillate, hard-coated and palatable seeds. Prosopis juliflora traits allow this species to take multiple benefits from human presence and thus operating as a human commensal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clóvis Eduardo de Souza Nascimento
- Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Trópico Semi-Árido, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brasil.,Departamento de Ciências Humanas, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Juazeiro, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Carlos Alberto Domingues da Silva
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Algodão, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Inara Roberta Leal
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Wagner de Souza Tavares
- Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings Ltd. (APRIL), PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper (RAPP), Pangkalan Kerinci, Riau, Indonesia
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
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Wang Q, Lin Q, Wu T, Duan E, Huang Y, Yang C, Mou C, Lan J, Zhou C, Xie K, Liu X, Zhang X, Guo X, Wang J, Jiang L, Wan J. OsDOG1L-3 regulates seed dormancy through the abscisic acid pathway in rice. Plant Sci 2020; 298:110570. [PMID: 32771171 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is closely related to pre-harvest sprouting resistance. Both plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) and DELAY OF GERMINATION 1 (DOG1) protein are key regulators of seed dormancy. Their relationship is well reported in Arabidopsis, but little is known in rice. Here, we show that a quantitative trait locus, qSd-1-1 contributes significantly to seed dormancy differences between the strongly dormant indica variety N22 and non-dormant japonica variety Nanjing35. It encodes a DOG1-like protein named OsDOG1L-3 with homology to Arabidopsis DOG1. There were evident promoter and expression differences in OsDOG1L-3 between N22 and Nanjing35, and overexpression or introduction of the N22 OsDOG1L-3 allele in Nanjing35 enhanced its seed dormancy. OsDOG1L-3 expression was positively correlated with seed dormancy and induced by ABA. OsbZIP75 and OsbZIP78 bound directly with the promoter of OsDOG1L-3 to induce its expression. Overexpression of OsbZIP75 increased OsDOG1L-3 protein abundance and promoted seed dormancy. OsDOG1L-3 upregulated expression of ABA-related genes and increased ABA content. We propose that the N22 OsDOG1L-3 allele is a candidate gene for the seed dormancy in QTL qSd-1-1, and that it participates in the ABA pathway to establish seed dormancy in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qibing Lin
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Erchao Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunshuai Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Changling Mou
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chunlei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Zhang C, Yuan Z, Wang Y, Sun W, Tang X, Sun Y, Yu S. Genetic Dissection of Seed Dormancy in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Using Two Mapping Populations Derived from Common Parents. Rice (N Y) 2020; 13:52. [PMID: 32757080 PMCID: PMC7406625 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seed dormancy, a quality characteristic that plays a role in seed germination, seedling establishment and grain yield, is affected by multiple genes and environmental factors. The genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying seed dormancy in rice remain largely unknown. RESULTS Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for seed dormancy were identified in two different mapping populations, a chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) and backcross inbred line (BIL) population, both derived from the same parents Nipponbare, a japonica cultivar with seed dormancy, and 9311, an indica cultivar lacking seed dormancy. A total of 12 and 27 QTL regions for seed dormancy were detected in the CSSLs and BILs, respectively. Among these regions, four major loci (qSD3.1, qSD3.2, qSD5.2 and qSD11.2) were commonly identified for multiple germination parameters associated with seed dormancy in both populations, with Nipponbare alleles delaying the seed germination percentage and decreasing germination uniformity. Two loci (qSD3.1 and qSD3.2) were individually validated in the near-isogenic lines containing the QTL of interest. The effect of qSD3.2 was further confirmed in a CSSL-derived F2 population. Furthermore, both qSD3.1 and qSD3.2 were sensitive to abscisic acid and exhibited a significant epistatic interaction to increase seed dormancy. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the integration of the developed CSSLs and BILs with high-density markers can provide a powerful tool for dissecting the genetic basis of seed dormancy in rice. Our findings regarding the major loci and their interactions with several promising candidate genes that are induced by abscisic acid and specifically expressed in the seeds will facilitate further gene discovery and a better understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms of seed dormancy for improving seed quality in rice breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaopu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Zhiyang Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Yuntong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Xinxin Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Yongjian Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Sibin Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China.
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Lautenschläger T, Teutloff N, Günther M, Neinhuis C. Adansonia digitata germination tests. Elephants or heat: what causes scarification of seed to facilitate germination? Bot Stud 2020; 61:19. [PMID: 32548795 PMCID: PMC7297922 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-020-00296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dormancy of Adansonia digitata seeds is well known. For propagation purposes, plenty of germination tests were conducted, however, rarely taking the ecology of baobab into account. Our main goal, therefore, is to identify the decisive natural trigger for breaking the dormancy. We therefore performed 31 different tests and their influence on the germination rate (time to germination and proportion of seeds germinating). RESULTS The highest germination rates were reached in the heat tests while elephant's digestion seems to stimulate germination of Adansonia digitata only to a limited extent. The chalazal slit of the seed represents the primary site of water entry. Tannins concentrated in this region that are influenced by temperature play an important role for inhibiting the germination. CONCLUSION As a result, the hypothesis is formulated that germination success strongly depends on heat, provoked by wildfires or prolonged exposition to the sun causing decomposition of tannins by high temperatures rather than on digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Lautenschläger
- Department of Biology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062 Germany
| | - Nele Teutloff
- Department of Biology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062 Germany
| | - Markus Günther
- Department of Biology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062 Germany
| | - Christoph Neinhuis
- Department of Biology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062 Germany
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23
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Wu Q, Bai X, Wu X, Xiang D, Wan Y, Luo Y, Shi X, Li Q, Zhao J, Qin P, Yang X, Zhao G. Transcriptome profiling identifies transcription factors and key homologs involved in seed dormancy and germination regulation of Chenopodium quinoa. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 151:443-456. [PMID: 32289638 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chenopodium quinoa, a halophytic crop belonging to the Amaranthaceae, has remarkable resistance to harsh growth conditions and produces seed with excellent nutritional value. This makes it a suitable crop for marginal soils. However, to date most of the commercial cultivars are susceptible to preharvest sprouting (PHS). Meanwhile, understanding of the PHS regulatory mechanisms is still limited. Abscisic acid (ABA) has been demonstrated to be tightly associated with seed dormancy and germination regulation in many crops. Whether ABA metabolism pathway could be manipulated to prevent PHS in quinoa is worth investigating. In the present study, we tested the inhibitory effects of exogenous ABA on quinoa seed germination. By RNA-seq analysis we investigated the global gene expression changes during seed germination, and obtained 1066 ABA-repressed and 392 ABA-induced genes. Cis-elements enrichment analysis indicated that the promoters of these genes were highly enriched in motifs "AAAAAAAA" and "ACGTGKC (K = G/T)", the specific binding motifs of ABI3/VP1 and ABI5. Transcription factor annotation showed that 13 genes in bHLH, MADS-box, G2-like and NF-YB, and five genes in B3, bZIP, GATA and LBD families were specifically ABA-repressed and -induced, respectively. Furthermore, expression levels of 53 key homologs involved in seed dormancy and germination regulation were markedly changed. Hence, we speculated that the 18 transcription factors and the homologs were potential candidates involved in ABA-mediated seed dormancy and germination regulation, which could be manipulated for molecular breeding of quinoa elites with PHS tolerance in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China; National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China.
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China; National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China; National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China
| | - Dabing Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China; National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China
| | - Yan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China; National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China
| | - Yiming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China; National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China; National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China
| | - Junming Zhao
- Department of Grassland Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Peiyou Qin
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Xiushi Yang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China; National Research and Development Center for Coarse Cereal Processing, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China
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Yang LE, Peng DL, Li ZM, Huang L, Yang J, Sun H. Cold stratification, temperature, light, GA 3, and KNO 3 effects on seed germination of Primula beesiana from Yunnan, China. Plant Divers 2020; 42:168-173. [PMID: 32695949 PMCID: PMC7361177 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Primula beesiana Forr. is an attractive wildflower endemically distributed in the wet habitats of subalpine/alpine regions of southwestern China. This study is an attempt to understand how this plant adapts to wet habitats and high altitudes. Specifically, we examined the effects of cold stratification, light, GA3, KNO3, and temperature on P. beesiana seed germination. KNO3 and GA3 increased germination percentage and germination rate compared to control treatments at 15/5 and 25/15 °C. Untreated seeds germinated well (> 80%) at higher temperatures (20, 25 and 28 °C), whereas at lower (5, 10 and 15 °C) and extremely high temperatures (30 and 32 °C) germination decreased significantly. However, after cold stratification (4-16 weeks), the germination percentage of P. beesiana seeds at low temperatures (5-15 °C) and the germination rate at high temperatures (30 °C) increased significantly, suggesting that P. beesiana has type 3 non-deep physiological dormancy. The base temperature and thermal time for germination decreased in seeds that were cold stratified for 16 weeks. Cold-stratified seeds incubated at fluctuating temperatures (especially at 15/5 °C) had significantly high germination percentages and germination rates in light, but not in dark, compared to the corresponding constant temperature (10 °C). Seeds had a strict light requirement at all temperatures, even after experiencing cold stratification; however, the combinations of cold stratification and fluctuating temperature increased germination when seeds were transferred from dark to light. Such dormancy/germination responses to light and temperature are likely mechanisms that ensure germination occurs only in spring and at/near the soil surface, thus avoiding seedling death by freezing, inundation and/or germination deep in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-E Yang
- School of Tourism and Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - De-Li Peng
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Zhi-Min Li
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Huang
- National Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan Yang
- National Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Hang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
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Abstract
Seed germination assays consist of counting the number of germinated seeds, defined as seeds in which the radicle has ruptured the endosperm and emerged from the seed coat. In Arabidopsis seed germination assays, Arabidopsis seeds are surface-sterilized, plated on agar plates containing test compounds, and incubated at specific temperatures under specific light conditions, after which the germinated seeds are counted, either with the naked eye or under a microscope. This chapter describes step-by-step protocols for Arabidopsis seed germination assays under phytochrome-dependent conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kijong Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Giltsu Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Sami A, Riaz MW, Zhou X, Zhu Z, Zhou K. Alleviating dormancy in Brassica oleracea seeds using NO and KAR1 with ethylene biosynthetic pathway, ROS and antioxidant enzymes modifications. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:577. [PMID: 31870301 PMCID: PMC6929364 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seed dormancy is a prevailing condition in which seeds are unable to germinate, even under favorable environmental conditions. Harvested Brassica oleracea (Chinese cabbage) seeds are dormant and normally germinate (poorly) at 21 °C. This study investigated the connections between ethylene, nitric oxide (NO), and karrikin 1 (KAR1) in the dormancy release of secondary dormant Brassica oleracea seeds. RESULTS NO and KAR1 were found to induce seed germination, and stimulated the production of ethylene and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), and both ethylene biosynthesis enzyme ACC oxidase (ACO) [1] and ACC synthase (ACS) [2]. In the presence of NO and KAR1, ACS and ACO activity reached maximum levels after 36 and 48 h, respectively. The inhibitor of ethylene 2,5-norbornadiene (NBD) had an adverse effect on Brassica oleracea seed germination (inhibiting nearly 50% of germination) in the presence of NO and KAR1. The benefits from NO and KAR1 in the germination of secondary dormant Brassica oleracea seeds were also associated with a marked increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) (H2O2 and O2˙-) and antioxidant enzyme activity at early germination stages. Catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity increased 2 d and 4 d, respectively, after treatment, while no significant changes were observed in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity under NO and KAR1 applications. An increase in H2O2 and O2˙- levels were observed during the entire incubation period, which increasing ethylene production in the presence of NO and KAR1. Abscisic acid (ABA) contents decreased and glutathione reductase (GA) contents increased in the presence of NO and KAR1. Gene expression studies were carried out with seven ethylene biosynthesis ACC synthases (ACS) genes, two ethylene receptors (ETR) genes and one ACO gene. Our results provide more evidence for the involvement of ethylene in inducing seed germination in the presence of NO and KAR1. Three out of seven ethylene biosynthesis genes (BOACS7, BOACS9 and BOACS11), two ethylene receptors (BOETR1 and BOETR2) and one ACO gene (BOACO1) were up-regulated in the presence of NO and KAR1. CONCLUSION Consequently, ACS activity, ACO activity and the expression of different ethylene related genes increased, modified the ROS level, antioxidant enzyme activity, and ethylene biosynthesis pathway and successfully removed (nearly 98%) of the seed dormancy of secondary dormant Brassica olereace seeds after 7 days of NO and KAR1 application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Sami
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | | | - Xiangyu Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zonghe Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Kejin Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Ishikawa S, Barrero JM, Takahashi F, Nakagami H, Peck SC, Gubler F, Shinozaki K, Umezawa T. Comparative Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals a Decay of ABA Signaling in Barley Embryos during After-Ripening. Plant Cell Physiol 2019; 60:2758-2768. [PMID: 31435655 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone and a major determinant of seed dormancy in plants. Seed dormancy is gradually lost during dry storage, a process known as 'after-ripening', and this dormancy decay is related to a decline in ABA content and sensitivity in seeds after imbibition. In this study, we aimed at investigating the effect of after-ripening on ABA signaling in barley, our cereal model species. Phosphosignaling networks in barley grains were investigated by a large-scale analysis of phosphopeptides to examine potential changes in response pathways to after-ripening. We used freshly harvested (FH) and after-ripened (AR) barley grains which showed different ABA sensitivity. A total of 1,730 phosphopeptides were identified in barley embryos isolated from half-cut grains. A comparative analysis showed that 329 and 235 phosphopeptides were upregulated or downregulated, respectively after ABA treatment, and phosphopeptides profiles were quite different between FH and AR embryos. These results were supported by peptide motif analysis which suggested that different sets of protein kinases are active in FH and AR grains. Furthermore, in vitro phosphorylation assays confirmed that some phosphopeptides were phosphorylated by SnRK2s, which are major protein kinases involved in ABA signaling. Taken together, our results revealed very distinctive phosphosignaling networks in FH and AR embryos of barley, and suggested that the after-ripening of barley grains is associated with differential regulation of phosphosignaling pathways leading to a decay of ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588 Japan
| | - Josï M Barrero
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8538, Japan
| | - Fuminori Takahashi
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Scott C Peck
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8538, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Frank Gubler
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8538, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074 Japan
| | - Taishi Umezawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588 Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8538, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8538 Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012 Japan
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Gerivani Z, Sadeghipour HR, Aghdasi M, Azimmohseni M. Redox metabolism and cell wall modifications as global and local targets respectively, of cyanide induced dormancy release of walnut kernels. J Plant Physiol 2019; 240:153013. [PMID: 31374485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The HCN-induced seed dormancy release necessitates alterations in reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and radicle cell wall loosening. Little is known about the interaction of ROS metabolism with cell wall hydrolytic enzymes during HCN-induced seed dormancy release. Thus dormant walnut (Juglans regia L.) kernels were exposed to HCN (4 h) and studied for redox metabolism and cell wall-modifying enzymes during 10 days of incubation (DI) i.e. before radicle emergence. HCN increased ROS especially in the embryonic axes (EAs) but decreased ROS-generating NADPH oxidase and ROS scavenging superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX) with no effects on catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and cell wall-modifying enzymes activities in short term up to 2 DI. In long term roughly from 4 DI onwards, HCN-exposed EA displayed greater superoxide anions and enhanced activities of POX, APX, NADPH oxidase, cell wall peroxidase (CW-POX), β- 1, 4-D glucanase, mannanase, polygacturonase and xylanase. Meanwhile HCN increased greater expression of POX and mannanase isoforms as revealed by in-gel activity assay. Except for higher activities of CAT, POX and APX, cotyledonary activities of CW-POX, mannanase and polygacturonase and to some extent β- 1, 4-D glucanase remained unaffected by HCN. Thus short term ROS accumulation in HCN-treated EA is due to declined SOD and POX activities. In long term the enhanced activities of both NADPH oxidase: CW-POX couple and cell wall-modifying enzymes in EA bring about wall loosening in preparation for radicle emergence. Evidences for the simultaneous operation of both mechanisms are provided in walnut EAs during dormancy release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Gerivani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
| | | | - Mahnaz Aghdasi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
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Yundaeng C, Somta P, Amkul K, Kongjaimun A, Kaga A, Tomooka N. Construction of genetic linkage map and genome dissection of domestication-related traits of moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia), a legume crop of arid areas. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 294:621-635. [PMID: 30739203 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia), possibly the most primitive crop of the genus Vigna, is a highly drought- and heat-resistant legume grown in arid areas. Moth bean domestication involved phenotypic changes, including reduction of seed dormancy and pod shattering, increased organ size, and earlier flowering and maturity. However, the genetics of the domestication process in moth bean is not known. In this study, we constructed a genetic linkage map for moth bean and used the map to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for domestication-related traits of an F2 population of 188 individuals produced from a cross of wild moth bean (TN67) and cultivated moth bean (ICPMO056). The genetic linkage map comprised 11 linkage groups (LG) of 172 simple sequence repeat markers and spanned a total length of 1016.8 centiMorgan (cM), with an average marker distance of 7.34 cM. A comparative genome analysis showed high genome synteny between moth bean and mungbean (Vigna radiata), adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), rice bean (Vigna umbellata), and yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata). In total, 50 QTLs and 3 genes associated with 20 domestication-related traits were identified. Most of the QTLs belonged to five LGs (1, 2, 4, 7, and 10). Key traits related to domestication such as seed dormancy and pod shattering were controlled by large-effect QTLs (PVE > 20%) with one or two minor QTLs, whereas all other traits were controlled by one-seven minor QTLs, apart from seed weight, which was controlled by one major and seven minor QTLs. These results suggest that a small number of mutations with large phenotypic effects have contributed to the domestication of the moth bean. Comparative analysis of QTLs with related Vigna crops revealed that there are several domestication-related large-effect QTLs that had not been used in moth bean domestication. This study provides a basic genetic map and identified genome regions associated with domestication-related traits, which will be useful for the genetic improvement of the moth bean and related Vigna species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutintorn Yundaeng
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kampaheng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Prakit Somta
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kampaheng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand. .,Center for Agricultural Biotechnology (AG-BIO/PEDRO-CHE), Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand. .,Center of Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food (CASAF), Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University (NRU-KU), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Kitiya Amkul
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kampaheng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand.,Center of Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food (CASAF), Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University (NRU-KU), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Alisa Kongjaimun
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Agricultural Technology, Silpakorn University, Cha-Am, Phetchaburi, 76120, Thailand
| | - Akito Kaga
- Soybean and Field Crop Applied Genomics Research Unit, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Norihiko Tomooka
- Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan.
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Pliszko A, Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt K. Effect of cold stratification on seed germination in Solidago × niederederi ( Asteraceae) and its parental species. Biologia (Bratisl) 2018; 73:945-50. [PMID: 30310238 DOI: 10.2478/s11756-018-0113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the influence of cold stratification on seed germination in S. × niederederi, a hybrid between the North American S. canadensis and the European S. virgaurea, using fruit samples collected in 2016 in Poland. We aimed to test the hypothesis that the low temperature exposure decreases the final percentage and speed of seed germination in the hybrid and its parental species. For each species, sets of 100 achenes in three replications were mixed with dry sand and stored in Petri dishes in darkness for 12 weeks, at −18 °C and + 4 °C, and + 25 °C. The seeds were incubated for 21 d at room temperature (+25 °C), under the 12 h photoperiod (630 lx). We showed a lack of significant differences in: (i) the final percentage of germinated seeds of studied species stored at the same conditions, (ii) the final percentage of germinated seeds between the applied stratification conditions in the hybrid and its parental species, and (iii) the mean values of Timson’s index, mean germination time, and coefficient of velocity of germination between the stratification conditions in each species. The statistically significant inter-specific differences in the mean germination time parameter after the +25 °C treatment suggest that the seeds of S. × niederederi are able to germinate faster than the seeds of its parental species. However, to improve our knowledge of naturalization and invasion abilities of S. × niederederi by sexual reproduction, the seed germination and seedling survival of the hybrid should be tested in the field.
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Shah FA, Ni J, Chen J, Wang Q, Liu W, Chen X, Tang C, Fu S, Wu L. Proanthocyanidins in seed coat tegmen and endospermic cap inhibit seed germination in Sapium sebiferum. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4690. [PMID: 29713566 PMCID: PMC5924686 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sapium sebiferum, an ornamental and bio-energetic plant, is propagated by seed. Its seed coat contains germination inhibitors and takes a long time to stratify for germination. In this study, we discovered that the S. sebiferum seed coat (especially the tegmen) and endospermic cap (ESC) contained high levels of proanthocyanidins (PAs). Seed coat and ESC removal induced seed germination, whereas exogenous application with seed coat extract (SCE) or PAs significantly inhibited this process, suggesting that PAs in the seed coat played a major role in regulating seed germination in S. sebiferum. We further investigated how SCE affected the expression of the seed-germination-related genes. The results showed that treatment with SCE upregulated the transcription level of the dormancy-related gene, gibberellins (GAs) suppressing genes, abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signalling genes. SCE decreased the transcript levels of ABA catabolic genes, GAs biosynthesis genes, reactive oxygen species genes and nitrates-signalling genes. Exogenous application of nordihydroguaiaretic acid, gibberellic acid, hydrogen peroxide and potassium nitrate recovered seed germination in seed-coat-extract supplemented medium. In this study, we highlighted the role of PAs, and their interactions with the other germination regulators, in the regulation of seed dormancy in S. sebiferum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Afzal Shah
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiaojian Wang
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Caiguo Tang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Songling Fu
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lifang Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Xia Q, Ponnaiah M, Cueff G, Rajjou L, Prodhomme D, Gibon Y, Bailly C, Corbineau F, Meimoun P, El-Maarouf-Bouteau H. Integrating proteomics and enzymatic profiling to decipher seed metabolism affected by temperature in seed dormancy and germination. Plant Sci 2018; 269:118-125. [PMID: 29606208 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is an important environmental factor affecting seed dormancy and germination. The mechanism by which temperature induces germination in dormant seeds is however still unclear. Proteomic study has been performed in dormant sunflower seeds during imbibition at permissive and non-permissive temperatures for germination, 20 and 10 °C, respectively. Proteome analysis showed an increase of proteins belonging to metabolism and energy from the first hours of imbibition followed by a decrease of proteins involved in protein metabolism and seed storage in germinating compared to non-germinating seeds. Proteomic study was completed by polysome and proteasome activity assessment and enzymatic profiling on several altered proteins involved in metabolism and energy. Results showed that 20 °C treatment induced the activation of both protein synthesis and degradation processes, the latter being related to proteasome activity during the germination sensu stricto, and to other degradation processes such as proteases during the post-germination. Interestingly, enzymatic profiles showed that TCA cycle and glycolysis were more active in non-germinating seeds in the phase I of the germination sensu stricto. This result suggests the regulation of central metabolism activity in germinating seeds. The control of energy production during imbibition seems to be involved in molecular networks controlling seed dormancy and germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xia
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7622, 75005 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7622, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maharajah Ponnaiah
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7622, 75005 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7622, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gwendal Cueff
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (UMR1318 INRA - AgroParisTech), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Saclay Plant Science, Versailles, France
| | - Loïc Rajjou
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (UMR1318 INRA - AgroParisTech), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Saclay Plant Science, Versailles, France
| | - Duyen Prodhomme
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Villenave d'Ornon, France; Plateforme Métabolome, Centre Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Villenave d'Ornon, France; Plateforme Métabolome, Centre Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christophe Bailly
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7622, 75005 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7622, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Corbineau
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7622, 75005 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7622, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Patrice Meimoun
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7622, 75005 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7622, 75005 Paris, France
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Kempe A, Neinhuis C, Lautenschläger T. Adansonia digitata and Adansonia gregorii fruit shells serve as a protection against high temperatures experienced during wildfires. Bot Stud 2018; 59:7. [PMID: 29455307 PMCID: PMC5816730 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-018-0223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The thick and woody shell of the fruit of Adansonia species cannot be explained solely by adaptation to zoochory or hydrochory. Since the trunks of Adansonia possess a thick and fire-resistant bark and wildfires occur regularly in its habitat (savannah), we examined with the African Adanonia digitata and the Australian Adansonia gregorii whether the fruit offers protection against high heat typically experienced in wildfires. Heat-resistance tests were conducted by applying a simple heat test based on known temperature and temperature residence times occurring in savannah fires and complemented by tests to reveal the impact of heat on germination since long-term seed dormancy is known for Adansonia. Germination tests with acid treated and heat treated seeds were performed to establish if heat also increased germination rate as effectively as acid treatments have been found to do. Heat was found to increase germination rate, but not as effectively as treatment with acid, therefore fruits exposed to high temperatures experienced in wildfires may have a better chance of germination than fruits that were not exposed to wildfires. The ability of the investigated fruits to protect seeds from high temperatures suggests that wildfires may have played a role in the evolution of the hard-shell structure typically found in Adansonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kempe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Botany, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Neinhuis
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Botany, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thea Lautenschläger
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Botany, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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Zhang Z, Yuan L, Liu X, Chen X, Wang X. Evolution analysis of Dof transcription factor family and their expression in response to multiple abiotic stresses in Malus domestica. Gene 2017; 639:137-148. [PMID: 28986315 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
As a family of transcription factors, DNA binding with one figure (Dof) proteins play important roles in various biological processes in plants. Here, a total of 60 putative apple (Malus domestica) Dof genes (MdDof) were identified and mapped to different chromosomes. Chromosomal distribution and synteny analysis indicated that the expansion of the MdDof genes came primarily from segmental and duplication events, and from whole genome duplication, which lead to more Dof members in apples than in other plants. All 60 MdDof genes were classified into thirteen groups, according to multiple sequence alignment and the phylogenetic tree constructed of Dof genes from apple, peach (Prunus persica), Arabidopsis and rice. Within each group, the members shared a similar exon/intron and motif compositions, although the sizes of the MdDof genes and encoding proteins were quite different. Several Dof genes from the apple and peach were identified to be homologues based on their close synteny relationship, which suggested that these genes bear similar functions. Half of the MdDof genes were randomly selected to determine their responses to different stresses. The majority of MdDof genes were quite sensitive to PEG, NaCl, cold and exogenous ABA treatment. Our results suggested that MdDof family members may play important roles in plant tolerance to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Zhang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yuan
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China.
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Shu K, Yang W. E3 Ubiquitin Ligases: Ubiquitous Actors in Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Responses. Plant Cell Physiol 2017; 58:1461-1476. [PMID: 28541504 PMCID: PMC5914405 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the precise regulatory mechanisms of plant development and stress responses at the post-translational level is currently a topic of intensive research. Protein ubiquitination, including the sequential performances of ubiquitin-activating (E1), ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) and ubiquitin ligase (E3) enzymes, is a refined post-translational modification ubiquitous in all eukaryotes. Plants are an integral part of our ecosystem and, as sessile organisms, the ability to perceive internal and external signals and to adapt well to various environmental challenges is crucial for their survival. Over recent decades, extensive studies have demonstrated that protein ubiquitination plays key roles in multiple plant developmental stages (e.g. seed dormancy and germination, root growth, flowering time control, self-incompatibility and chloroplast development) and several abiotic stress responses (e.g. drought and high salinity), by regulating the abundance, activities or subcellular localizations of a variety of regulatory polypeptides and enzymes. Importantly, diverse E3 ligases are involved in these regulatory pathways by mediating phytohormone and light signaling or other pathways. In this updated review, we mainly summarize recent advances in our understanding of the regulatory roles of protein ubiquitination in plant development and plant-environment interactions, and primarily focus on different types of E3 ligases because they play critical roles in determining substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shu
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Corresponding authors: Kai Shu, E-mail, ; Wenyu Yang, E-mail,
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Corresponding authors: Kai Shu, E-mail, ; Wenyu Yang, E-mail,
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Chen M, Xie S, Ouyang Y, Yao J. Rice PcG gene OsEMF2b controls seed dormancy and seedling growth by regulating the expression of OsVP1. Plant Sci 2017; 260:80-89. [PMID: 28554479 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The induction and release of seed dormancy are a precisely regulated process that influences seed germination. ABA promotes seed dormancy but suppresses seed germination and seedling growth. However, how chromatin and epigenetic mechanisms regulate the expression of ABA related genes during these processes remains unclear. Polycomb gene OsEMF2b was required for regulation of seed dormancy and seedling growth by dynamically activating and repressing ABA signal response genes. Downregulation of OsEMF2b led to vivipary and decreased expression level of OsVP1, which was involved in ABA signal pathway in seed dormancy. While, the seedlings with downregulation of OsEMF2b exhibited hyper-sensitive response to ABA and the expression of OsVP1 is upregulated. Yeast one-hybrid assay and ChIP analyses proved that OsEMF2b could bind to the promoter of OsVP1 directly and affected H3K27me3 enrichments of OsVP1 in seedling. Interestingly, both H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 enrichments of OsVP1 were changed with OsEMF2b mis-expression in seed and seedling. We proposed that OsEMF2b may play a pivotal role in seed dormancy and seedling growth by regulating the expression of OsVP1 indirectly or directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shiyong Xie
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yidan Ouyang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jialing Yao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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da Silva ARM, Farias ML, da Silva DLS, Vitoriano JO, de Sousa RC, Alves-Junior C. Using atmospheric plasma to increase wettability, imbibition and germination of physically dormant seeds of Mimosa Caesalpiniafolia. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 157:280-285. [PMID: 28601756 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed seed wettability as well as imbibition and germination after treatment with atmospheric pressure cold plasma (APCP) using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in seeds that have very low germination rates. To aid industrial applications, several seeds were simultaneously treated with plasma within a space between two coaxial glass tubes sandwiched by two metal mesh screens that produced high-voltage pulses at 17.5kV with a frequency of 990Hz. Three treatment times (3min, 9min and 15min) as well as untreated seeds were used to conduct the wettability, imbibition and germination tests. The wettability and imbibition were found to be directly related to the treatment duration, but saturation of the imbibition was found for treatment durations greater than 9min. Plasma treatment was also effective in improving germination, but shorter treatment duration presented greater germination. This apparent contradiction is explained by the cell damage caused by the increased exposure to plasma, as observed in other studies. The results suggest that there must be an optimal wettability and imbibition condition that ensures that excessive moisture does not harm the germination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R M da Silva
- LABPLASMA- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semiarid, Mossoró, RN, CEP: 59625-900 Brazil
| | - M L Farias
- LABPLASMA- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semiarid, Mossoró, RN, CEP: 59625-900 Brazil
| | - D L S da Silva
- LABPLASMA- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semiarid, Mossoró, RN, CEP: 59625-900 Brazil
| | - J O Vitoriano
- LABPLASMA- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semiarid, Mossoró, RN, CEP: 59625-900 Brazil
| | - R C de Sousa
- LCMM - Physics Department, Federal University of Maranhão São Luís, MA, CEP: 65080-805, Brazil
| | - C Alves-Junior
- LABPLASMA- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semiarid, Mossoró, RN, CEP: 59625-900 Brazil,.
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Al-Turki TA, Baskin CC. Determination of seed viability of eight wild Saudi Arabian species by germination and X-ray tests. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 24:822-829. [PMID: 28490953 PMCID: PMC5415129 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Our purpose was to evaluate the usefulness of the germination vs. the X-ray test in determining the initial viability of seeds of eight wild species (Salvia spinosa, Salvia aegyptiaca, Ochradenus baccatus, Ochradenus arabicus, Suaeda aegyptiaca, Suaeda vermiculata, Prosopisfarcta and Panicumturgidum) from Saudi Arabia. Several days were required to determine viability of all eight species via germination tests, while immediate results on filled/viable seeds were obtained with the X-ray test. Seeds of all the species, except Sa.aegyptiaca, showed high viability in both the germination (98–70% at 25/15 °C, 93–66% at 35/25 °C) and X-ray (100–75%) test. Furthermore, there was general agreement between the germination (10% at 25/15 °C and 8% at 35/25 °C) and X-ray (5%) tests that seed viability of Sa.aegyptiaca was very low, and X-ray analysis revealed that this was due to poor embryo development. Seeds of P.farcta have physical dormancy, which was broken by scarification in concentrated sulfuric acid (10 min), and they exhibited high viability in both the germination (98% at 25/15 °C and 93% at 35/25 °C) and X-ray (98%) test. Most of the nongerminated seeds of the eight species except those of Sa.aegyptiaca were alive as judged by the tetrazolium test (TZ). Thus, for the eight species examined, the X-ray test was a good and rapid predictor of seed viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki A Al-Turki
- National Center of Agricultural Technology, Life Science & Environmental, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Box 6068, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carol C Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.,Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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Yan A, Chen Z. The pivotal role of abscisic acid signaling during transition from seed maturation to germination. Plant Cell Rep 2017; 36:689-703. [PMID: 27882409 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seed maturation and germination are two continuous developmental processes that link two distinct generations in spermatophytes; the precise genetic control of these two processes is, therefore, crucially important for the survival of the next generation. Pieces of experimental evidence accumulated so far indicate that a concerted action of endogenous signals and environmental cues is required to govern these processes. Plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) has been suggested to play a predominant role in directing seed maturation and maintaining seed dormancy under unfavorable environmental conditions until antagonized by gibberellins (GA) and certain environmental cues to allow the commencement of seed germination when environmental conditions are favorable; therefore, the balance of ABA and GA is a major determinant of the timing of seed germination. Due to the advent of new technologies and system biology approaches, molecular studies are beginning to draw a picture of the sophisticated genetic network that drives seed maturation during the past decade, though the picture is still incomplete and many details are missing. In this review, we summarize recent advances in ABA signaling pathway in the regulation of seed maturation as well as the transition from seed maturation to germination, and highlight the importance of system biology approaches in the study of seed maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Yan
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Zhong Chen
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore.
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Krasuska U, Ciacka K, Gniazdowska A. Nitric oxide-polyamines cross-talk during dormancy release and germination of apple embryos. Nitric Oxide 2017; 68:38-50. [PMID: 27890695 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and polyamines (PAs) belong to plant growth and development regulators. These compounds play a key role in numerous physiological processes e.g. seed germination. Based on the suggestion of overlapping of NO and PAs biosynthetic pathways, we demonstrated a cross-talk of NO and PAs in regulation of embryonic dormancy release. The aim of the work was to investigate an impact of PAs (Put, Spd and Spm) or NO short-term fumigation on nitrite, urea, Arg and ornithine (Orn) content, NO synthase-like (NOS-like) and arginase activity in axes of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) embryos during dormancy alleviation and at the stage of termination of germination sensu stricto. NO, Put/Spd induced dormancy breakage and germination of apple embryos corresponded to stimulation of urea cycle and high free Arg pool in seedlings roots. After two days of the culture Put and Spd stimulated Arg dependent NO formation, inhibition of which was observed after Spm application. Put or Spd application as well as NO short-term pretreatment of apple embryos influenced level of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins. Higher abundance of such modified proteins correlated well to the declined content of nitrated proteins, suggesting their important role in regulation of embryo germination. NO led to stimulation of embryos germination by increasing level of free PAs (mostly Put). While transcriptomic approach showed down regulation of Spm synthesis and up-regulation of Spm degradation by NO, confirming negative role of Spm over-accumulation in embryo dormancy removal. Our data clearly indicate positive relationship of NO-Put/Spd acting as dormancy removing factors.
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Gerivani Z, Vashaee E, Sadeghipour HR, Aghdasi M, Shobbar ZS, Azimmohseni M. Short versus long term effects of cyanide on sugar metabolism and transport in dormant walnut kernels. Plant Sci 2016; 252:193-204. [PMID: 27717454 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tree seed dormancy release by cold stratification accompanies with the embryo increased gluconeogenesis competence. Cyanide also breaks seed dormancy however, integrated information about its effects on carbon metabolism is lacking. Accordingly, the impacts of HCN on germination, lipid gluconeogenesis and sugar transport capacity of walnut (Juglans regia L.) kernels were investigated during 10-days period prior to radicle protrusion. HCN increased walnut kernel germination and within four days of kernel incubation, hastened the decline of starch, reducing and non-reducing sugars and led to greater activities of alkaline invertase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. From four days of kernel incubation onwards, starch and non-reducing sugars accumulated only in the HCN treated axes. Cyanide also increased the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glyoxysomal succinate oxidase and led to greater acid invertase activity during the aforementioned period. The expressions of both sucrose transporter (JrSUT1) and H+-ATPase (JrAHA1) genes especially in cotyledons and H+-ATPase activity in kernels were significantly enhanced by exposure to cyanide. Thus in short-term HCN led to prevalence of carbohydrate catabolic events such as oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and possibly glycolysis in dormant walnut kernels. Long-term effects however, are increased gluconeogenesis and enhanced sugar transport capacity of kernels as a prerequisite for germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Gerivani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Elham Vashaee
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
| | | | - Mahnaz Aghdasi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Zahra-Sadat Shobbar
- Molecular Physiology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, (ABRII), AREEO, 3135933151 Karaj, Iran.
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Xu HH, Liu SJ, Song SH, Wang WQ, Møller IM, Song SQ. Proteome changes associated with dormancy release of Dongxiang wild rice seeds. J Plant Physiol 2016; 206:68-86. [PMID: 27697673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy provides optimum timing for seed germination and subsequent seedling growth, but the mechanism of seed dormancy is still poorly understood. Here, we used Dongxiang wild rice (DXWR) seeds to investigate the dormancy behavior and the differentially changed proteome in embryo and endosperm during dormancy release. DXWR seed dormancy was caused by interaction of embryo and its surrounding structure, and was an intermediate physiological dormancy. During seed dormancy release, a total of 109 and 97 protein spots showed significant change in abundance and were successfully identified in embryo and endosperm, respectively. As a result of dormancy release, the abundance of nine proteins involved in storage protein, cell defense and rescue and energy changed in the same way in both embryo and endosperm, while 67 and 49 protein spots changed differentially in embryo and endosperm, respectively. Dormancy release of DXWR seeds was closely associated with degradation of storage proteins in both embryo and endosperm. At the same time, the abundance of proteins involved in metabolism, glycolysis and TCA cycle, cell growth and division, protein synthesis and destination and signal transduction increased in embryos while staying constant or decreasing in endosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Heng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shu-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Shun-Hua Song
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wei-Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ian Max Møller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Song-Quan Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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Kashiwakura YI, Kobayashi D, Jikumaru Y, Takebayashi Y, Nambara E, Seo M, Kamiya Y, Kushiro T, Kawakami N. Highly Sprouting-Tolerant Wheat Grain Exhibits Extreme Dormancy and Cold Imbibition-Resistant Accumulation of Abscisic Acid. Plant Cell Physiol 2016; 57:715-32. [PMID: 26971301 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains induces hydrolyzing enzymes such as α-amylase, which considerably decreases wheat product quality. PHS occurs when cool and wet weather conditions before harvest break dormancy and induce grain germination. In this study, we used PHS-tolerant varieties, Gifu-komugi (Gifu) and OS38, to characterize the mechanisms of both dormancy breakage and dormancy maintenance at low temperatures. Physiologically mature Gifu grains exhibited dormancy after imbibition at 20°C, but germinated at 15°C. In contrast, OS38 grains remained dormant even at temperatures as low as 5°C. Embryo half-grains cut out from the dormant Gifu grains germinated by imbibition at 20°C, similar to conventional varieties worldwide. However, OS38 embryo half-grains were still dormant. Hormonome and pharmacological analyses suggested that ABA and gibberellin metabolism are important for temperature-dependent dormancy maintenance and breakage. Imbibition at 15°C decreased ABA levels but increased gibberellin levels in embryos of freshly harvested Gifu grains. Additionally, low temperatures induced expression of the ABA catabolism genes,TaABA8' OH1 and TaABA8' OH2, and the gibberellin biosynthesis gene,TaGA3ox2, in the embryos. However, in embryos of freshly harvested OS38 grains, ABA levels were increased while gibberellin levels were suppressed at 15°C. In these dormant embryos, low temperatures induced the TaNCED ABA biosynthesis genes, but suppressed TaABA8' OH2 and TaGA3ox2.These results show that the regulatory mechanism influencing the expression of ABA and gibberellin metabolism genes may be critical for dormancy maintenance and breakage at low temperatures. Our findings should help improve PHS-resistant wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-ichi Kashiwakura
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571 Japan Present address: Central Research Laboratory, Nitto Fuji Milling Co., Ltd., 6-2-1 Tokai, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, 143-0001 Japan. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571 Japan These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yusuke Jikumaru
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan Present address: Agilent Technologies Japan, Ltd., 9-1, Takakura-machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-8510 Japan
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Eiji Nambara
- Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamiya
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kushiro
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571 Japan
| | - Naoto Kawakami
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 214-8571 Japan
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Wu T, Yang C, Ding B, Feng Z, Wang Q, He J, Tong J, Xiao L, Jiang L, Wan J. Microarray-based gene expression analysis of strong seed dormancy in rice cv. N22 and less dormant mutant derivatives. Plant Physiol Biochem 2016; 99:27-38. [PMID: 26713549 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy in rice is an important trait related to the pre-harvest sprouting resistance. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms of seed dormancy, gene expression was investigated by transcriptome analysis using seeds of the strongly dormant cultivar N22 and its less dormant mutants Q4359 and Q4646 at 24 days after heading (DAH). Microarray data revealed more differentially expressed genes in Q4359 than in Q4646 compared to N22. Most genes differing between Q4646 and N22 also differed between Q4359 and N22. GO analysis of genes differentially expressed in both Q4359 and Q4646 revealed that some genes such as those for starch biosynthesis were repressed, whereas metabolic genes such as those for carbohydrate metabolism were enhanced in Q4359 and Q4646 seeds relative to N22. Expression of some genes involved in cell redox homeostasis and chromatin remodeling differed significantly only between Q4359 and N22. The results suggested a close correlation between cell redox homeostasis, chromatin remodeling and seed dormancy. In addition, some genes involved in ABA signaling were down-regulated, and several genes involved in GA biosynthesis and signaling were up-regulated. These observations suggest that reduced seed dormancy in Q4359 was regulated by ABA-GA antagonism. A few differentially expressed genes were located in the regions containing qSdn-1 and qSdn-5 suggesting that they could be candidate genes underlying seed dormancy. Our work provides useful leads to further determine the underling mechanisms of seed dormancy and for cloning seed dormancy genes from N22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Baoxu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhiming Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianhua Tong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Langtao Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Krasuska U, Dębska K, Otulak K, Bogatek R, Gniazdowska A. Switch from heterotrophy to autotrophy of apple cotyledons depends on NO signal. Planta 2015; 242:1221-36. [PMID: 26186967 PMCID: PMC4568022 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
NO accelerates transition of germinated embryos from heterotrophy to autotrophy by stimulation of chloroplasts maturation. NO-mediated autotrophy of apple seedlings correlates to increased content of RuBisCO small subunit and improvement of parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence. Nitric oxide (NO) acts as signaling molecule involved in regulation of various physiological processes in plants, although its involvement in cotyledons greening is poorly recognized. To identify the importance of NO signal for plant growth and development we investigated the effects of short-term application of NO at various developmental stages of seedlings of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) on cotyledons' chlorophyll a to b ratio, chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthetic activity, carbohydrates and RuBisCO both subunits content. NO-dependent biochemical alterations were linked to cytological observation of developing plastids in cotyledons of apple plants. Abnormal plantlets developing from dormant apple embryos are characterized by anatomical malformations of cotyledons. Short-term pre-treatment with NO of isolated embryos or seedlings with developmental anomalies resulted in formation of plants with cotyledons of equal size and chlorophyll content; these responses were blocked by NO scavenger. NO independently of time point of application accelerated embryos transition from heterotrophy to autotrophy by stimulation of photosynthetic activity, improvement of parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence (F v/F m, F v/F 0) and increased content of RuBisCO small subunit. Further analysis showed that NO application modified glucose and hydrogen peroxide concentration in cotyledons. Beneficial effect of NO on development of seedlings without any abnormalities was manifested at ultrastructural level by decline in amount of proplastids and induction of formation and maturation of chloroplasts. Our data suggest that progress of autotrophy of young seedlings is governed by NO acting as stimulator of chloroplast-to-nucleus signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Krasuska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Karolina Dębska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Otulak
- Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Renata Bogatek
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Gniazdowska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
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Chen SY, Chou SH, Tsai CC, Hsu WY, Baskin CC, Baskin JM, Chien CT, Kuo-Huang LL. Effects of moist cold stratification on germination, plant growth regulators, metabolites and embryo ultrastructure in seeds of Acer morrisonense (Sapindaceae). Plant Physiol Biochem 2015; 94:165-173. [PMID: 26094157 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Breaking of seed dormancy by moist cold stratification involves complex interactions in cells. To assess the effect of moist cold stratification on dormancy break in seeds of Acer morrisonense, we monitored percentages and rates of germination and changes in plant growth regulators, sugars, amino acids and embryo ultrastructure after various periods of cold stratification. Fresh seeds incubated at 25/15 °C for 24 weeks germinated to 61%, while those cold stratified at 5 °C for 12 weeks germinated to 87% in 1 week. Neither exogenous GA3 nor GA4 pretreatment significantly increased final seed germination percentage. Total ABA content of seeds cold stratified for 12 weeks was reduced about 3.3-fold, to a concentration similar to that in germinated seeds (radicle emergence). Endogenous GA3 and GA7 were detected in 8-week and 12-week cold stratified seeds but not in fresh seeds. Numerous protein and lipid bodies were present in the plumule, first true leaves and cotyledons of fresh seeds. Protein and lipid bodies decreased greatly during cold stratification, and concentrations of total soluble sugars and amino acids increased. The major non-polar sugars in fresh seeds were sucrose and fructose, but sucrose increased and fructose decreased significantly during cold stratification. The major free amino acids were proline and tryptophan in fresh seeds, and proline increased and tryptophan decreased during cold stratification. Thus, as dormancy break occurs during cold stratification seeds of A. morrisonense undergo changes in plant growth regulators, proteins, lipids, sugars, amino acids and cell ultrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ying Chen
- Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 53 Nan-Hai Road, Taipei 10066, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Chou
- Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 53 Nan-Hai Road, Taipei 10066, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chu Tsai
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Hsu
- Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 53 Nan-Hai Road, Taipei 10066, Taiwan
| | - Carol C Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Jerry M Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Ching-Te Chien
- Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 53 Nan-Hai Road, Taipei 10066, Taiwan.
| | - Ling-Long Kuo-Huang
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Krasuska U, Ciacka K, Dębska K, Bogatek R, Gniazdowska A. Dormancy alleviation by NO or HCN leading to decline of protein carbonylation levels in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) embryos. J Plant Physiol 2014; 171:1132-41. [PMID: 24973585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Deep dormancy of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) embryos can be overcome by short-term pre-treatment with nitric oxide (NO) or hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Dormancy alleviation of embryos modulated by NO or HCN and the first step of germination depend on temporary increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Direct oxidative attack on some amino acid residues or secondary reactions via reactive carbohydrates and lipids can lead to the formation of protein carbonyl derivatives. Protein carbonylation is a widely accepted covalent and irreversible modification resulting in inhibition or alteration of enzyme/protein activities. It also increases the susceptibility of proteins to proteolytic degradation. The aim of this work was to investigate protein carbonylation in germinating apple embryos, the dormancy of which was removed by pre-treatment with NO or HCN donors. It was performed using a quantitative spectrophotometric method, while patterns of carbonylated protein in embryo axes were analyzed by immunochemical techniques. The highest concentration of protein carbonyl groups was observed in dormant embryos. It declined in germinating embryos pre-treated with NO or HCN, suggesting elevated degradation of modified proteins during seedling formation. A decrease in the concentration of carbonylated proteins was accompanied by modification in proteolytic activity in germinating apple embryos. A strict correlation between the level of protein carbonyl groups and cotyledon growth and greening was detected. Moreover, direct in vitro carbonylation of BSA treated with NO or HCN donors was analyzed, showing action of both signaling molecules as protein oxidation agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Krasuska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Ciacka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Dębska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Bogatek
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Gniazdowska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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48
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Iehisa JCM, Matsuura T, Mori IC, Takumi S. Identification of quantitative trait locus for abscisic acid responsiveness on chromosome 5A and association with dehydration tolerance in common wheat seedlings. J Plant Physiol 2014; 171:25-34. [PMID: 24331416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays important roles in response to environmental stress as well as in seed maturation and dormancy. In common wheat, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for ABA responsiveness at the seedling stage have been reported on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 3A, 6D and 7B. In this study, we identified a novel QTL for ABA responsiveness on chromosome 5A using an F2 population derived from a cross between the common wheat cultivar Chinese Spring (CS) and a chromosome substitution line of CS with chromosome 5A of cultivar Hope (Hope5A). This QTL was found in a similar chromosomal region to previously reported QTLs for drought tolerance and seed dormancy. Physiological characterization of the QTL revealed a small effect on dehydration tolerance and seed dormancy. The rate of water loss from leaves during dehydration was lower, and transcript accumulation of the cold responsive (COR)/late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) genes Wrab18 and Wdhn13 tended to be higher under dehydration stress in F2 individuals carrying the Hope allele of the QTL, which also showed higher ABA responsiveness than the CS allele-carrying individuals. Seed dormancy of individuals carrying the Hope allele also tended to be lower than those carrying the CS allele. Our results suggest that variation in ABA responsiveness among common wheat cultivars is at least partly determined by the 5A QTL, and that this QTL contributes to development of dehydration and preharvest sprouting tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C M Iehisa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takakazu Matsuura
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Izumi C Mori
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takumi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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Mortensen SA, Grasser KD. The seed dormancy defect of Arabidopsis mutants lacking the transcript elongation factor TFIIS is caused by reduced expression of the DOG1 gene. FEBS Lett 2013; 588:47-51. [PMID: 24252221 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
TFIIS is a transcript elongation factor that facilitates transcription by RNA polymerase II, as it assists the enzyme to bypass blocks to mRNA synthesis. Previously, we have reported that Arabidopsis plants lacking TFIIS exhibit reduced seed dormancy. Among the genes differentially expressed in tfIIs seeds, the DOG1 gene was identified that is a known QTL for seed dormancy. Here we have analysed plants that overexpress TFIIS in wild type background, or that harbour an additional copy of DOG1 in tfIIs mutant background. These experiments demonstrate that the down-regulation of DOG1 expression causes the seed dormancy phenotype of tfIIs mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Mortensen
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, Regensburg University, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 49, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Klaus D Grasser
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemie-Zentrum Regensburg, Regensburg University, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 49, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
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